Relative Pronouns

You witnessed a bank robbery and now a police officer wants you to tell him what was going on. Decide
whether to use which or who.

w hich
1. This is the bank was robbed.

2. The man robbed the bank had two pistols.

3. He wore a mask made him look like Mickey Mouse.

4. He came with a friend waited outside in the car.

5. The woman gave him the money was young.

6. The bag contained the money was yellow.

7. The people were in the bank were very frightened.

8. The car he escaped in was orange.

9. The man drove the car was nervous.

10. He didn't wait at the traffic lights were red.

Exercises on A Little and A Few

The expressions a little and a few mean some.

 If a noun is in singular, we use a little

Example:
a little money
 If a noun is in plural, we use a few
Example:
a few friends

Countable / Uncountable Nouns

In connection with a little / a few people often speak of countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be used with a number (that's
why they are called 'countable nouns'). Countable nouns take a few.
Example:
4 friends – a few friends

Uncountable nouns can only be used in singular. These nouns cannot be used with a number (that's why they
are called 'uncountable nouns'). Uncountable nouns take a little.
Example:
 3 money – a little money

Note: Of course you can count money – but then you would name the currency and say that you have got
3 euro (but not „3 money“).

A Little / A few or Little / Few

It's a difference if you use a little / a few or little / few. Without the article, the words have a limiting or
negative meaning.

 a little = some
little = hardly any
Example:
I need a little money. - I need some money.
I need little money. - I need hardly any money.
 a few = some
few = hardly any
Example:
A few friends visited me. - Some friends visited me.
Few friends visited me. - Hardly any friends visited me.

Without the article, little / few sound rather formal. That's why we don't use them very often in everyday
English. A negative sentence with much / many is more common here.
Example:
I need little money. = I do not need much money.
Few friends visited me. = Not many friends visited me.

Decide whether you have to use little or few.

1. We had snow last winter.

2. people were interested in the exhibition.

3. I speak French.

4. There are gentlemen nowadays.

5. She has relatives.

6. There is water in the pond.

7. The professor spends time in company.

8. We have knowledge of this phenomenon.

9. There are mushrooms in my mushroom soup.

10. animals can survive in the desert.

 Exercises on much and many

The words much and many mean a lot of.

 If a noun is in singular, we use much

Example:
much money
 If a noun is in plural, we use many
Example:
many friends

Use of much / many

In everyday English, we normally use much / many only in questions and negative clauses.
Example:
How much money have you got?
Carla does not have many friends.

In positive clauses with so, as or too, we also use much / many.

Example:
Carla has so many friends.
She has as many friends as Sue.
Kevin has too much money.

In all other positive clauses, however, we prefer expressions like a lot of / lots of.
Example:
Carla has a lot of / lots of friends.
Kevin has a lot of / lots of money.

In formal texts, however, much / many are also common in positive clauses. This you will notice for example
when you read English news.

Countable / Uncountable Nouns

In connection with much / many people often speak of countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be used with a number (that's
why they are called 'countable nouns'). Countable nouns take many.
Example:
100 friends – many friends

Uncountable nouns can only be used in singular. These nouns cannot be used with a number (that's why they
are called 'uncountable nouns'). Uncountable nouns take much.
Example:
100 money – much money
 Note: Of course you can count money – but then you would name the currency and say that you have got
5 euro (but not „5 money“).

Decide whether you have to use much or many.

1. She has so friends!

2. Too cooks spoil the broth.

3. Hurry up. I don't have so time.

4. We went to a dairy yesterday. I had never seen so cows before.

5. It's also quite amazing how milk these cows produce every day.

6. You have too money. Won't you share it with me?

7. There are so poor people in the world.

8. There are too children in the house.

9. My father doesn't drink coffee.

10. How of you have ever been to London?

since - if the starting point is given (two o'clock, last Friday, 1998)
- for - if the period of time is given (twenty minutes, two days, one year)

Decide whether to use »since« or »for«.

1. I have been waiting 4 o'clock.

2. Sue has only been waiting 20 minutes.

3. Tim and Tina have been learning English six years.

4. Fred and Frida have been learning French 1998.

5. Joe and Josephine have been going out together Valentine's Day.

6. I haven't been on holiday last July.

7. Mary has been saving her money many years.

8. I haven't eaten anything breakfast.

9. You have been watching TV hours.

10. We have been living here 2 months.

 Both, Either, Neither, Nor and So

Expression Example

both … and … I like both cats and dogs.

so Jane likes cats. So do I.

not … either Jane doesn't like cats. I don't like cats either.

either … or … Jane either has a cat or a dog.

neither/nor Jane doesn't like cats. Neither do I./Nor do I.

neither … nor … I like neither cats nor dogs.

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Exercise

Find out why some parents think that their teenage sons or daughters have a lot in common with cats. (Don't
take it too seriously, though.) ;o)

1. cats teenagers turn their heads when you call them.

2. You would hardly ever see a cat walking outside of the house with its master. would you see a
teenager in public with his or her parents very often.

3. A cat doesn't share your taste in music. A teenager doesn't

4. cats teenagers can lie on the sofa for hours on end without moving.

5. Cats expect you to prepare the food for them. do teenagers.

6. If you tell a joke, your cat your teen will laugh about it.

7. If you make a sudden move in their direction, cats teenagers get frightened.

8. Cats do not improve your furniture. Teenagers don't

9. Cats roam outside and often come home very late at night. do teenagers.

10. Conclusion: no matter if you have a cat a teenager at home - it's all the same.
Relative Pronouns

You witnessed a bank robbery and now a police officer wants you to tell him what was going on. Decide
whether to use which or who.

w hich
1. This is the bank which was robbed.

2. The man who robbed the bank had two pistols.

3. He wore a mask which made him look like Mickey Mouse.

4. He came with a friend who waited outside in the car.

5. The woman who gave him the money was young.

6. The bag which contained the money was yellow.

7. The people who were in the bank were very frightened.

8. The car which he escaped in was orange.

9. The man who drove the car was nervous.

10. He didn't wait at the traffic lights which were red.

Decide whether you have to use little or few.

1. We had little snow last winter.

2. Few people were interested in the exhibition.
3. I speak little French.
4. There are few gentlemen nowadays.
5. She has few relatives.
6. There is little water in the pond.
7. The professor spends little time in company.
8. We have little knowledge of this phenomenon.
9. There are few mushrooms in my mushroom soup.
10. Few animals can survive in the desert.
 Exercise 5

Decide whether you have to use much or many.

1. She has so many friends!

2. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
3. Hurry up. I don't have so much time.
4. We went to a dairy yesterday. I had never seen so many cows before.
5. It's also quite amazing how much milk these cows produce every day.
6. You have too much money. Won't you share it with me?
7. There are so many poor people in the world.
8. There are too many children in the house.
9. My father doesn't drink much coffee.
10. How many of you have ever been to London?

1. I have been waiting since 4 o'clock.

2. Sue has only been waiting for 20 minutes.
3. Tim and Tina have been learning English for six years.
4. Fred and Frida have been learning French since 1998.
5. Joe and Josephine have been going out together since Valentine's Day.
6. I haven't been on holiday since last July.
7. Mary has been saving her money for many years.
8. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
9. You have been watching TV for hours.
10. We have been living here for 2 months.

Find out why some parents think that their teenage sons or daughters have a lot in common with cats. (Don't
take it too seriously, though.) ;o)

1. Neither cats nor teenagers turn their heads when you call them.
2. You would hardly ever see a cat walking outside of the house with its master. Nor would you see a teenager in
public with his or her parents very often.
3. A cat doesn't share your taste in music. A teenager doesn't either
4. Both cats and teenagers can lie on the sofa for hours on end without moving.
5. Cats expect you to prepare the food for them. So do teenagers.
6. If you tell a joke, neither your cat nor your teen will laugh about it.
7. If you make a sudden move in their direction, both cats and teenagers get frightened.
8. Cats do not improve your furniture. Teenagers don't either
9. Cats roam outside and often come home very late at night. So do teenagers.
10. Conclusion: no matter if you either have a cat or a teenager at home - it's all the same.