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___BAENSCH

a ee

> a
 HH
THE BAENSCH ATL,ta
COLLECTION {|
Internationally acclaimed for the
breadth of their coverage and the
depth of information included, the
Baensch Atlases are time-tested
reference tools for aquarists, divers, —
snorkellers and natural history
explorers the world over.

Subject categories include:

Freshwater Aquariums & Species

Fishes, aquatic plants, captive system
set-up and maintenance

Marine Aquariums & Species

Fishes, invertebrates, macro-algae,
systems and husbandry

Water Gardens & Pond Species

Planning, building and stocking out-
door aquatic gardens

Natural History
Fossil fishes, reproductions of classic
ichthyological art and other works.

_ For further information on these

and other Baensch Atlases inthe
English language, please contact:

MICROCOSM Ltd.
P.O: Box 580
- Shelburne; VT 05482: —
= USA" 5
ce |
 WON) NNN
TTAN PUBLIC LIBRARY DISTR

MANHATTAN PUBLIC LIBRARY

DISTRICT
PO BOX 53
240 WHITSON ST.
MANHATTAN, IL 60442

DEMCO

OCT 3 0 2006
 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2023 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation

https://archive.org/details/aquariumatlasOOO0Orieh_x1p4
 “This book
6s dedicated to my wife
Barbara
Dr. Rudiger Riehl
Coverphotos:
Title: Melanotaenia boesemani
Arend van den Nieuwenhuizen,

Backcover: Aphyosemion [Diapteron] sp. Corydras adolfoi, C. imitator

Arend van den Nieuwenhuizen David Sands

Aulonocara hansbaenschi Hygrophyla stricta

Manfred K. Meyer Kurt Paffrath

Page 3: Aphyosemion huwaldi "Fullaba"

Steffen Hellner

Publisher:
Hans A. Baensch

Editor:
Dr. Rudiger Riehl

Translated and revised by:

Gero W. Fischer, Ph.D.
Shellie E. Borrer, M.S.

© Copyright 1996/1997 MERGUS®-Verlag, 49302 Melle, Germany

® MERGUS is a registered trademark in USA

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the
Publisher, except where permitted by law.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 95-21997

ISBN: 1-890087-14-9 (U.S.A. only)

ISBN: 3-88244-053-8 (For other countries)

First English Edition, 1996

Second Revised English Edition, 1997

Published in the United States by:

MICROCOSM
Microcosm Ltd., 2085 Shelburne Road, Shelburne, Vermont 05482 4:4: &:

Distribution
USA: Microcosm Ltd., 2085 Shelburne Road, Shelburne, Vermont 05482
Canada: Rolf C. Hagen Inc., 3225 Sartelon Street, Montreal, Que. H4R 1E8
Great Britain: Rolf C. Hagen (U.K.) Limited, California Drive, Whitwood Industrial
Estate, Castleford WF 10 50H, West Yorkshire, England.
Australia: Pet Pacific Pty Ltd., Unit C, 30 Skarratt Street, Auburn NSW 2144,
P.O. Box 398, Rydalmere NSW 2116, Australia

Printed in Singapore
Dr. Rudiger Riehl Hans A. Baensch

AQUARIUM
ATLAS
Volume 3

Bee >
MERGUS
Publishers of Natural History and Pet Books
Hans A. Baensch « Melle *»Germany

MANHATTAN P'RILIC LIBRARY DIST.

Preface

Preface to Volume 3

After Aquarium Atlas Volumes 1 and 2, no enhancement seemed

possible. However, after laborious work we have again success-
fully collected over 1,000 color photographs of species not pre-
sented in the previous volumes of the Aquarium Atlas. It was then
merely a question of time and detective work to collect the neces-
sary textual information. A newly installed computer significantly
eased this task. Today we can print out the names of over 6,500
freshwater fishes and search and sort them by scientific data and
photos.

Your help in improving and augmenting our texts is always wel-

come, since pertinent literature is often scant. Only experience
helps further. Hobbyists frequently work hand in hand with sci-
ence.

This volume again emphasizes cattfishes, killifishes and, naturally,

the cichlids—the eternal favorites of most aquarists. But Russian
species, hereto almost unknown in Western Europe, the United
States, Canada, and the Far East, have been included to a larger
degree than previously. It will probably be several years more unti!
these species appear in our aquaria. The sometimes exotic beauty
of species from the Amur River (the “Russian Amazon”) will fasci-
nate some western aquarists. Garden ponds and coldwater aquar-
ia will be enriched by their presence. The aquarium hobby has a
never ending diversity to draw upon. This diversity complemented
with breeding efforts and information gained—from aquarists—will
help ensure that we have the knowledge and ability to protect
species from outside pressures threatening extinction.

Hans Frey, the old master of aquarium literature since 1950, once
wrote the following to me in a book dedication:

Aquarism is merry science

and serious hobby.

This is the vein in which we published Aquarium Atlas 3. It is not

lacking—yet makes a lovely and enjoyable addition.

3 8001 00071 2145

For help with this extensive volume we especially want to extend
our thanks to the following persons:

Hans-Joachim Herrmann (Cichlids)

Harro Hieronimus (Catfishes and many other species)
Hans Horsthemke (Gobies)
Manfred K. Meyer (Livebearers)
Gerhard Ott (Cyprinids)
Kurt Paffrath (Plants)
Gina and Mike Sandfort—British Catfish Ass. (Catfishes)
Jurgen Schmidt (Labyrinth fishes, characins, and other species)
Lothar Seegers (Killifishes and other species)
Andreas Spreinat (Cichlids)
Rainer Stawikowski (Cichlids)
Uwe Werner (Cichlids)
Axel Zarske (Cyprinids)
—and the many unnamed aquarists

We are presently working on Aquarium Atlas Volume 4, and we

appreciate all contrioutions our readers care to make in regard to
photographs and additional textual information. Only with your
helo can the Aquarium Atlas continue to present a continuously
expanding and up-to-date knowledge base.

Rudiger Riehl Hans A. Baensch

Dusseldorf Melle

Spring 1997
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 .

Table of Contents

=)fs(01 EPR ene ee Ron eco Rona cir ance’ faberinscgneedcbodanacsn20c6p60 4

The Plants (elaborated by Kurt Paffrath) .......cceeeeeeeeenees 7-71

Definition Of the Groups’... sccceeeeece eee eeseteenen cetiemente terre ae oer aaeens 8
Explanation: Of the SyMDOts yer rccire..encetercnenatee esteem 12-13
Photographs and Descriptions of 64 Aquarium Plants......... 14-71
1).. Plants: with: Upright Stennis <o.ccceeccnscyueeste tease seeeeeeenee ee eee eeeeeee 14
1.1. Leaves. Altenrmate)....<rccnsm. am-chanessneetonte tape seins aiiiae neeceeeet 14
1x2, LEAVES. OP POSILC sicearareemncecanseet eeMevnaen ena |eceean eeenace 20
133.2 Leaves inca. WOU o: ssansaissesoseeneeiaeaseseceneneae ieeeccareeeeeereeeen 28
2. Plants with Leaves. ima ROSE... cr cenccasscnueesie rats -neeteeeeeseeeeeener SZ
2.1. Narrow-leaved ROSCtteS atccectetteneeece cotteeeeeeerteseneetee meee: 32
2.2. Broad-keaved ROSCtES 5.as...eeneaueaeecam teeasecena eee 38
2.3. Amazon Sword) Plants) (EChin@G@ords) Resse sense 42
2 A... CHYPLOCOLYINES scsicccsscedan eget cans Coren cee nae eee eee eee 44
3. Creeping-Shoot’ Plants:.....cmescenc eataeree eet cae eee ee ee eee oy?
4... FlOAtING) PIANtS ca. ccvcas cc cenectaceccucee conionenemeene te ste anette ee anne ee aren eRe 60
5S.UnsuitablesAquariunm. Plamtstaeeeaccmteeeterneressasttt erreae nee 66

TRE FISMGS Sictece.ecrctcere.cccetetnc

ciateocecetoseee REE ee eee 72-1045
Explanation Of the: SVMbOIS «.ssccs- coneseesteeetecce aeeee neonate eee net ene {63}
Group 1. Pseudo-Bony and Cartilaginous Fishes ..............c 74
2: CMARAGCINS csccsaccwesaerentoess saandoe eee eee Eee ee ee 88
3... Garp=Lik@uFISMES:s.c.vsen0.0..ccatent eeeenc ecesree Ree Roe 164
A orGALISNOS wecexteece Scans sacemuneteee eaten sane eee ee e 288
Ss Killiishes Egg-KayimGmlOOlhiGano Smemeseca tenses seen ee eeeeeneeeeeeee 433
6x LIVEDEANENS: SoiSiecceens oo cot seo eae Uae are 581
(i kabyrinthtGismes Sin essere tree eee aetna 635
Be CICKIIGS: vasa Mi etqeronancthees aera ene eee Oi
Qi POrGhess. Scscossade. AER Be ouccont cate neat e ee ae ert eet te teteee ene 902
UO WETMOWISY UNUES ISICON FAIS enonccconavonannonsebanceconsoocecuounsoe 930

a1 (=>. arene rac ne ssc tenement ean citciosnctiddoactbe seibocsduawossnece 1046

Table- of Units ConversiOnSiacnccsecstcce terre cncconce eee eee 1093
LARS FALUNSS stuseinahaseene tee vnceanaaa sane See cee mee ate ee ee 1094
 Plants

Eichhornia sp. cf. diversifolia: east Brazil

Selection of Plants (Definition of the Groups)

Group 1
Plants with Upright Stems
The common characteristic of these plants is the
upright main axis with alternate, opposite, or
whorled leaves at the nodes.
This group is comprised of 41 genera, 85 species
with 18 varieties and forms as well as one hybrid.
These are subdivided according to their different
leaf arrangements.

Subgroup 1
Leaves Alternate
Single leaves originate from each node and are
usually arranged in a spiral around the stem.
The following genera fall into this subgroup:
Cardamine, Eichhornia, Fontinalis, Heteranthera,
Houttuynia, Hydrocotyle, Lagarosiphon, Lobelia,
Mayaca, Polygonum, Potamogeton, Proserpinaca
(or Hottonia), Saururus, Zosterella.

Subgroup 2
Leaves Opposite
Two leaves emerge from each node directly op-
posite to each other. Included in this subgroup
are the following genera:
Althernanthera, Ammannia, Bacopa, Cabomba, 1.2.
Crassula, Didiplis, Gymnocoronis, Hydrotriche, Hygropmile
Hygrophila, llysanthes, Ludwigia, Lysimachia, Mi-
cranthemum, Najas, Nesaea, Rotala, Shinnersia.

Subgroup 3
Leaves in a Whorl
Three or more leaves originate from a node at the
same height around the stem. This subgroup in-
cludes the following genera: 1
&
Egeria, Elodea, Eusteralis, Hemianthus, Hydrilla, 5 usteralis
Hydrothrix, Limnophila, Myriophyllum, Nitella,
Rotala.
 Plants

Group 2
Plants with Leaves in a Rosette
The leaves grow upward from a thick root stock
(rhizome) in the ground and are very differently
shaped, either with or without a petiole. In total,
this group is comprised of 22 genera with 126
species and 24 varieties.

Subgroup1
Narrow-Leaved Rosettes
Predominately tall forms with sessile, thin, ribbon-
or thread-shaped leaves. This subgroup includes
the following .genera:
Acorus, Blyxa, Crinum, Eleocharis, lsoetes, Rana-
lisma, Sagittaria, Spiranthes, Vallisneria.

Subgroup2
Broad-Leaved Rosettes
Special characteristics are the roundish, usually
cordate, incised leaves and its often compact
growth form. This subgroup includes the follow-
ing genera:
Anubias, Barclaya, Ceratopteris, Lagenandra, Nu-
phar, Nymphaea, Nymphoides, Ottelia, Samolus,
Spathiphyllum.

Ze
Echinodorus
Subgroup 3 (round-leaved)
Amazon Sword Plants (Echinodorus)
Native to the American continent and variable in
form. There are 47 species and 12 varieties.
About 25-30 species can be kept in an aquarium.
Their requirements and uses are varied.

23°
Echinodorus
(slender-leaved)
Selection of Plants (Definition of the Groups)

Subgroup 4
Aponogetons (Aponogeton)
The 42 described species in this subgroup are
found in Africa (15), Madagascar (11), southeast
Asia (13), and Australia (4). 13 species and 3
varieties are more or less Suited for the aquarium.
These are rapid growing plants that easily flower
and fruit in an aquarium.

Subgroup 5
Cryptocorynes (Cryptocoryne)
This genus has over 60 described species and is
widely distributed in southeast Asia. About 30
species are suited for aquarium cultivation in vary-
ing degrees. Their living requirements in an
aquarium are usually more demanding than those
of numerous other aquarium plants.

Group 3
Creeping-Shoot Plants
This small group of 16 species from 10 genera is
characterized by a creeping shoot with leaves of
different shapes. Some species can be fastened
on stones or wood and will continue to grow there. DS),
The following genera are included in this group: Cryptocoryne
Bolbitis, Elatine, Glossostigma, Hydrocotyle, Li-
laeopsis, Marsilea, Microsorium, Pilularia, Sellie-
ra, Vesicularia.

Group 4
Floating Plants
These 15 genera contain 30 species which can 3,
be divided into 3 biological types. Hydrocotyle
1. Genera producing totally submersed plants
without roots: Lemna, Utricularia, and Riccia.
2. Free floating plants with either the upper side or
the entire leaf above the water. The following ¢
genera are included in this category: Azolla,
Ceratopteris, Eichhornia, Lemna, Limnobium, Pis-
tia, Salvinia, and Wolffia.
3, Rooted plants with floating leaves: Heteranthera,
Hydrocleys, Nymphaea, Nymphoides, and Trapa.

10
Jungle creek in Borneo
Explanation of the Symbols

SYMBOLOGY

D = Degree of Difficulty

This symbol indicates whether a species has basic or specific demands

for successful growth. Degrees 1 and 2 are recommended for beginners.
Plants in group 3 demand somewhat more experience, while those rated
a 4 demand optimal water conditions (usually soft) and should only be
kept by advanced aquarists.

IDE4 Robust and adaptable species; hard water and less than optimal
nutrient conditions are tolerated. Light requirement is low to moder-
ate, about 1 watt per 3-4 liters (1 gal).
Propagation is usually straightforward.
pH 6.0-8.0
Hardness up to 20° KH

Robust and enduring species, but somewhat more demanding of

water quality than those in D:1. Light requirement is moderate,
about 1 watt per 2-3 liters @/, gal).
Propagation is possible.
PH 6.0-7.5
Hardness up to 15° KH

DES} These plants prefer soft to medium-hard water with balanced nutri-
ents. However, it can remain healthy and grow in water with higher
carbonate hardness levels when carbon dioxide is added. Light
requirement is medium to high, about 1 watt per 1.5-2.0 liters
(‘/> gal).
Propagation not always easy.
Sim! CHO 2
Hardness up to 10° KH

Plants within this group are not very adaptable and generally
require soft water. They normally have a high light requirement of
about 1 watt per 1.5 liters (?/, gal).
Propagation usually difficult.
pH 6.0-6.8
Hardness up to 4° KH

12
 Plants

KH = Carbonate Hardness

The proportion of carbonate hardness in the water often determines the

well-being of the plants. Very soft water, below 2° KH, is usually less
suitable for plant growth, but the overall ability of the plant to adapt to a
certain hardness range decides the issue. Some plants have to have soft
water. Numerous plants, although tolerant of higher carbonate hardnesses,
respond to a higher pH or low carbon dioxide concentrations by dimin-
ished growth.
Information in the data line below each species shows the most favorable
range for plant growth. Minor fluctuations are possible, as many factors
are interrelated. !t is best not to combine plants with widely differing
requirements.

pH = Acidity and Alkalinity of the Water

This is the acidity or alkalinity at which the plant grows best. Most plants
prefer the favorable range of 6.5-7.2. While the pH can fluctuate above or
below the suggested value, many species or genera may be harmed by
values too deviant from the suggested range. If problems in growth are
noted, pH can easily be measured to identify or eliminate it as the source
of the problem.
Plants with widely differing preference should not be panice in the same
tank.

T = Temperature

The range in which the plant grows best under normal conditions is
indicated. The optimum is usually slightly above the middle value. In
certain species, 2°C above the listed values is possible, but higher levels
of nutrients and light have to be provided to compensate for increased
respiration.

AH = Aquarium Height

The appropriate aquarium height for the species is listed. Tall plants,
large rhizome plants, and rapid growing stalked plants should be placed
in aquaria which are as roomy and tall as possible. In shallow aquaria,
such plants are out of place or have to be pruned too often. Plants that
are low or moderately tall are suitable for any tank in regard to height, but
keep in mind the light-attenuating effect of water which may result in
small or small-leaved stalked plants languishing from lack of light in tall
aquaria. For brevity, tank heights are grouped into three types.
AH=1 Small aquaria up to 35 cm (14”) in height.
AH=2 Medium aquaria up to about 45 cm (18”) in height.
AH=8 Large aquaria more than 45 cm (18”) in height.
 ~

1. Plants with Upright Stems

1.1. Leaves Alternate

Eichhornia natans +(BEAUVOIS) SOLMS-LAUBACH (1882)

Fam.: Pontederiaceae
Hab.: Tropical Africa.
Main axis is erect, later becoming natant. Aquatic leaves are alternate (opposite) with
those at the apex usually arranged in a spiral. Blade is entire and clasping, up to 6 cm
long, 0.7 cm wide, and narrowing uniformly towards its obtuse tip. There are 3-4 fine
veins between each of the 5 main veins. Floating leaves are broad, cordate, and 4 cm
long and wide with a cordate and overlapping base. Peduncle grows up to 6 cm long
and has a 3 cm sheath at its base. Inflorescences are situated in the axils and are
reduced to one small, blue, 6 petaled flower on each.
Either suitable as a submersed aquatic plant or in its natant form. It is extremely difficult
to cultivate, quickly perishing in hard water. Very soft water is a prerequisite. Under
proper conditions, the submersed leaves are long-lived. However, it tends to regularly
develop floating leaves. Small flowers are produced in its natant form under strong
illumination. Eichhornia diversifolia is a significantly better aquarium plant. It was pre-
sented in Vol. 2, p. 48.
Prop.: Lateral shoots.
D: 4, KH: 2-4, pH: 5.5-6.5, T: 22°-25°C, AH: 1-2

Hydrocotyle lemnoides BENTHAM (1868)

Fam.: Apiaceae
Hab.: Australia.
The thin shoot is upright when submersed. Leaves are alternate, reniform to roundish,
indented at the base, and up to 1 cm wide with 3 notched cuneate lobes. Each blade is
supported by a short petiole. There are tiny umbels in the axils with 4-5 small, often
imperfect flowers. An adaptable, easily grown aquarium plant. Even new water rarely
causes problems. Although the stems are not expressly light-demanding, they should
nevertheless be exposed to direct light. Besides the submersed form, there is a floating
form. Its thin, creeping, emersed shoots make a good ground cover in bog aquaria.
Prop.: Self-branching of the shoots.
D: 1, KH: 2-15, pH: 6.0-7.8, T: 22°-28°C, AH: 1-3

14
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easily generally the

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