NFPA

1994
Standard on
Protective Ensembles for
First Responders to Hazardous
Materials Emergencies and
CBRN Terrorism Incidents

2018

®
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 1994-1

Copyright © 2017 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved.

NFPA® 1994

Standard on

Protective Ensembles for First Responders to Hazardous Materials

Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents
2018 Edition

This edition of NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to Hazardous Materials
Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazardous
Materials Protective Clothing and Equipment and released by the Correlating Committee on Fire
and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment. It was issued by the Standards Council
on August 1, 2017, with an effective date of August 21, 2017, and supersedes all previous editions.
This document has been amended by one or more Tentative Interim Amendments (TIAs) and/or
Errata. See “Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org for more information.
This edition of NFPA 1994 was approved as an American National Standard on August 21, 2017.

Origin and Development of NFPA 1994

The Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Protective Clothing and Equipment began
work on this document in 1998 to answer the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) for fire
and emergency services personnel operating at domestic terrorism incidents involving dual use
industrial chemicals, chemical terrorism agents, or biological terrorism agents.
The committee developed this new standard, NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensembles for
Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents, to provide three levels of protective ensembles — Class 1, Class
2, and Class 3 ensembles — that could be selected for protection of fire and emergency services
personnel based on what the incident risk analysis indicated is necessary protection for the intended
operations.
The goal of this standard is to establish personal protection requirements for ensembles that
would be available in quantity, pristine condition, designed for single exposure use, and easily
donned and used by fire and emergency services personnel to reduce the safety risks and health risks
to personnel during assessment, extrication, rescue, triage, and treatment operations at or involving
chemical or biological terrorism incidents.
The jurisdiction of this committee does not include respiratory protection that is necessary for
these operations; the appropriate respiratory protection needs to be addressed by the emergency
responder organizations.
The first (2001) edition was acted on by the NFPA membership at the Annual Meeting in
Anaheim, California, on May 16, 2001.
The 2007 edition was a complete revision. The title of the document was changed to Protective
Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents. The former requirements for Class 1 CBRN
ensembles, for protection from chemical, biological, and radiological terrorism agents, were
incorporated into NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies,
2005 edition, and were then incorporated into the base requirements for all vapor-protective
ensembles. For the 2007 and 2012 editions, NFPA 1994 no longer specified a Class 1 ensemble but
left the designation “Class 1” vacant. A new Class 4 ensemble was added to provide particulate
protection for emergency responders to incidents where no chemical agent is identified but a
particulate threat is present (including “white powder” incidents).
The CBRN protection requirements were developed to apply to all emergency first responders at
hazardous materials and CBRN incidents. Individual agencies (law enforcement, emergency medical,
medical first receivers, fire, and hazardous materials) need to define the operations for which their

NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.
1994-2 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

personnel are trained and develop detailed purchase specifications to ensure their ensembles best support their operational
needs while providing CBRN protection.
In the 2007 edition, the committee also included new requirements in Chapter 4 for manufacturers’ quality assurance
programs and for situations in which hazards involving compliant products are believed to exist, including the appropriate
actions in addressing these situations if there is a previously unknown threat to the users. These requirements apply to all
emergency services product standards that are the responsibility of this project. All labeling, design, performance, and testing
requirements were reviewed and refined as necessary.
The 2007 edition was presented to the Association membership at the 2006 Association meeting in Orlando, Florida on
June 7, 2006, and issued by the Standards Council with an effective date of August 17, 2006.
The 2012 edition was extensively revised and included an updated permeation resistance test method with associated
criteria for toxic industrial chemicals based on the cumulative permeation mass in one hour rather than breakthrough time;
several new definitions; updates to several ANSI, ISO/IEC, and ASTM standards; and editorial, numbering, and formatting
changes. The slip resistance test was revised based on new information that was proposed during the revision process related to
the requirements necessary for evaluating the entire footwear sole. Additionally, the section on a Manufacturers’ Quality
Assurance Program was revised, and the Puncture Resistance Test 2 and the Impact and Compression Resistance Test were
deleted from the standard and replaced with a design requirement that the footwear meet an ASTM specification for puncture
and impact-resistant footwear.
The 2018 edition modifies the scope and title of the standard to include both hazardous materials and CBRN to minimize
confusion as to the applicability of the standard for incidents that are not terrorism in nature. In addition, Class 1 ensemble
requirements have been re-established within the standard, thereby reversing the decision to remove them in 2007. The Class 1
criteria parallel those in the 2016 edition of NFPA 1991 but provide practical criteria for both material barrier performance
and overall design that result in a more form-fitting and tactical-based product. Ruggedized categories of certification (Type R)
have been added for Classes 2, 3, and 4 to address the increasing use of the garments in harsher environments, such as urban
search and rescue and law enforcement applications. These criteria involve more rigorous preconditioning of ensemble
material prior to material barrier testing and ensemble integrity evaluations and higher levels of material physical property
performance. Based upon recent research published by the U.S. Department of Defense, the chemical challenges have been
modified to represent the vast diversity of chemicals found in the global chemical industry and to cover the breadth of
fundamental chemical reactivity principles. Material breathability as measured by evaporative resistance and total heat loss has
been addressed by reporting results for Class 2 and Class 2R ensembles and applying specific requirements for Class 3/3R and
Class 4/4R ensembles. Footwear options have been broadened to allow for more flexibility when a chemical protective sock is
used in coordination with the boot. Specific criteria have been developed to address separate hoods and elastomeric gasket
materials. Optional criteria have been added for flash fire protection for all ensemble levels with a minimum level of flame
resistance established for Class 1 ensembles. Finally, new stealth optional indicators for audible signatures and color have been
added to address tactical operator concerns. Many other test methods have been modified for consistency following
interlaboratory and intralaboratory validation efforts.

2018 Edition
 COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 1994-3

Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment
William E. Haskell, III, Chair
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, MA [E]
Rep. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health

Jason L. Allen, Intertek Testing Services, NY [RT] David G. Matthews, Fire & Industrial (PPE) Ltd., United Kingdom
James B. Area, Chimera Enterprises International, MD [SE] [SE]
Rep. International Standards Organization
Joseph Arrington, San Antonio Fire Department, TX [U]
Benjamin Mauti, Mine Safety Appliances Company, PA [M]
Roger L. Barker, North Carolina State University, NC [SE]
Rep. Compressed Gas Association
James E. Brinkley, International Association of Fire Fighters, DC
Michael F. McKenna, Michael McKenna & Associates, LLC, CA [SE]
[L]
Rep. International Association of Fire Fighters John H. Morris, TYCO/Scott Safety, GA [M]
Steven D. Corrado, UL LLC, NC [RT] Jack E. Reall, Columbus (OH) Division of Fire, OH [L]
Rep. Columbus Firefighters Union
Cristine Z. Fargo, International Safety Equipment Association, VA
[M] Jeffrey O. Stull, International Personnel Protection, Inc., TX [M]
Edmund Farley, Pittsburgh Bureau Of Fire, PA [E] Tim W. Tomlinson, Addison Fire Department, TX [C]
Robert A. Freese, Globe Manufacturing Company, NH [M] Robert D. Tutterow, Jr., Fire Industry Equipment Research
Organization (FIERO), NC [U]
Patricia A. Gleason, ASTM/Safety Equipment Institute (SEI), VA
Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section
[RT]
William A. Van Lent, Veridian Ltd., Inc., IA [M]
David V. Haston, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ID [E]
Rep. Fire & Emergency Manufacturers & Services Association
Diane B. Hess, PBI Performance Products, Inc., NC [M]
Bruce H. Varner, BHVarner & Associates, AZ [M]
Thomas M. Hosea, U.S. Department of the Navy, FL [RT] Rep. International Fire Service Training Association
James S. Johnson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA Steven H. Weinstein, Honeywell Safety Products, CA [M]
[RT]
Richard Weise, Los Angeles County Fire Department, CA [U]
Jeff Legendre, Northborough Fire Department, MA [U]
Harry P. Winer, HIP Consulting LLC, MA [SE]
Karen E. Lehtonen, Lion Group, Inc., OH [M]
Gregory J. Mackin, Boston Fire Department, MA [E]

Alternates
Louis Carpentier, Innotex Inc., Canada [M] Russell Shephard, Australasian Fire & Emergency Service
(Alt. to William A. Van Lent) Authorities Council, Australia [SE]
Patricia A. Freeman, Globe Manufacturing Company, LLC, NH [M] (Alt. to David G. Matthews)
(Alt. to Robert A. Freese) David P. Stoddard, Michael McKenna & Associates, LLC, CA [SE]
Tim J. Gardner, 3M Company, MN [M] (Alt. to Michael F. McKenna)
(Alt. to Cristine Z. Fargo) Grace G. Stull, International Personnel Protection, Inc., TX [M]
Pamela A. Kavalesky, Intertek Testing Services, NY [RT] (Alt. to Jeffrey O. Stull)
(Alt. to Jason L. Allen) Jonathan V. Szalajda, National Institute for Occupational Safety &
Judge W. Morgan, Tyco/Scott Safety, NC [M] Health, PA [E]
(Alt. to John H. Morris) (Alt. to William E. Haskell, III)
Gary L. Neilson, Sparks, NV [U] Donald B. Thompson, North Carolina State University, NC [SE]
(Alt. to Robert D. Tutterow, Jr.) (Alt. to Roger L. Barker)
Amanda H. Newsom, UL LLC, NC [RT] W. Jason Traynor, MSA Safety, PA [M]
(Alt. to Steven D. Corrado) (Alt. to Benjamin Mauti)
Anthony Petrilli, U.S. Department of Agriculture, MT [E] Jian Xiang, The DuPont Company, Inc., VA [M]
(Alt. to David V. Haston) (Alt. to Diane B. Hess)
Stephen R. Sanders, ASTM/Safety Equipment Institute (SEI), VA
[RT]
(Alt. to Patricia A. Gleason)

Nonvoting
Robert J. Athanas, FDNY/SAFE-IR, Incorporated, NY [U] Jeremy Metz, West Metro Fire Rescue, CO [U]
Rep. TC on Electronic Safety Equipment Rep. TC on Special Operations PC&E
Christina M. Baxter, U.S. Department of Defense, VA [E] Brian Montgomery, U.S. Department of Justice, DC [E]
Rep. TC on Hazardous Materials PC&E Daniel N. Rossos, Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards &
Tricia L. Hock, ASTM/Safety Equipment Institute (SEI), VA [RT] Training, OR [E]
Rep. TC on Emergency Medical Services PC&E Rep. TC on Respiratory Protection Equipment
Stephen J. King, Babylon, NY [SE] Rick L. Swan, IAFF Local 2881/CDF Fire Fighters, VA [L]
Rep. TC on Structural and Proximity Fire Fighting PC&E Rep. TC on Wildland Fire Fighting PC&E

2018 Edition
1994-4 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Chris Farrell, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.
Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the
back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of

the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the
design, performance, testing, and certification of protective clothing and protective
equipment manufactured for fire and emergency services organizations and personnel, to
protect against exposures encountered during emergency incident operations. This
Committee shall also have the primary responsibility for documents on the selection, care,
and maintenance of such protective clothing and protective equipment by fire and
emergency services organizations and personnel.

2018 Edition
 COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 1994-5

Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Protective Clothing and Equipment

Christina M. Baxter, Chair
U.S. Department of Defense, VA [E]

Patricia A. Gleason, Secretary

ASTM/Safety Equipment Institute (SEI), VA [RT]

Jason L. Allen, Intertek Testing Services, NY [RT] Andra Kirsteins, U.S. Department of the Army, MA [RT]
Ted S. Buck, Orr Safety Corporation, KY [M] Karen E. Lehtonen, Lion Group, Inc., OH [M]
Brian J. Clifford, U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, VA [U] Susan L. Lovasic, The DuPont Company, Inc., VA [M]
Steven D. Corrado, UL LLC, NC [RT] Philip C. Mann, Kappler, Inc., AL [M]
Richard P. Daly, Jr., St. Charles Fire Department, MO [U] John W. North, Alexandria Fire Department, VA [U]
Nicholas Del Re, Fire Department City of New York, NY [L] Ulf Nystrom, Ansell Protective Solutions, Sweden [M]
Rep. International Association of Fire Fighters Paul G. Rogers, Fire Department City of New York, NY [U]
Dustin Green, Citrus County Sheriffs Office, FL [C] Rep. Fire Department City of New York
Russell R. Greene, Battelle Memorial Institute, OH [RT] Robert E. Shelton, City of Cincinnati Fire Department, OH [C]
Todd W. Haines, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, TX [U] Jeffrey O. Stull, International Personnel Protection, Inc., TX [M]
A. Ira Harkness, U.S. Department of the Navy, FL [RT] Donald B. Thompson, North Carolina State University, NC [SE]
William E. Haskell, III, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Robert West, Texas Instruments, Inc., TX [U]
Health, MA [E] John E. Wisner, Jr., United Steam Fire Engine Company No. 3, AZ
Rep. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health [U]
Ryan C. Hirschey, Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, NH [M] James P. Zeigler, J. P. Zeigler, LLC, VA [SE]
Kyle Kerbow, Lakeland Industries, TX [M] Michael Ziskin, Field Safety Corporation, CT [RT]
Rep. International Safety Equipment Association
Michael P. Kienzle, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., MD [M]

Alternates
Dale Gregory Beggs, Texas Instruments, Inc., TX [U] Beth C. Lancaster, U.S. Department of Defense, VA [E]
(Alt. to Robert West) (Alt. to Christina M. Baxter)
D. Mark Bledsoe, U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigations, VA [U] Amanda H. Newsom, UL LLC, NC [RT]
(Alt. to Brian J. Clifford) (Alt. to Steven D. Corrado)
Ronald L. Bove, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., MD [M] R. Bryan Ormond, North Carolina State University, NC [SE]
(Alt. to Michael P. Kienzle) (Alt. to Donald B. Thompson)
Ted J. Cooper, U.S. Department of the Navy, FL [RT] Louis V. Ott, Gentex Corporation, PA [M]
(Alt. to A. Ira Harkness) (Alt. to Kyle Kerbow)
Paul Vincent Dulisse, New York City Fire Department, NY [U] Enrique Eduardo Perea, Miami Dade Fire Rescue, FL [L]
(Alt. to Paul G. Rogers) (Alt. to Nicholas Del Re)
William A. Fithian, ASTM/Safety Equipment Institute (SEI), VA Diane Redden, Lion Group, Inc., OH [M]
[RT] (Alt. to Karen E. Lehtonen)
(Alt. to Patricia A. Gleason) Richard C. Shoaf, St. Charles Fire Department, MO [U]
Pamela A. Kavalesky, Intertek Testing Services, NY [RT] (Alt. to Richard P. Daly, Jr.)
(Alt. to Jason L. Allen) Grace G. Stull, International Personnel Protection, Inc., TX [M]
Jeffrey Kennedy, Austin Fire Department, TX [U] (Alt. to Jeffrey O. Stull)
(Alt. to Todd W. Haines) Quoc T Truong, U.S. Department of the Army, MA [RT]
Devang Khariwala, Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, NH [M] (Alt. to Andra Kirsteins)
(Alt. to Ryan C. Hirschey) Kristin Williamson, The DuPont Company, Inc., VA [M]
Paul S. Lakomiak, Ansell/Onguard Industries/Dunlop, MD [M] (Alt. to Susan L. Lovasic)
(Alt. to Ulf Nystrom)

Thomas McGowan, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.
Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the
back of the document.

2018 Edition
1994-6 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of

the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on
protective clothing and protective equipment, except respiratory protective equipment, that
provides hand, foot, torso, limb, and head protection for fire fighters and other emergency
services responders during incidents that involve hazardous materials operations. These
operations involve the activities of rescue; hazardous material confinement, containment,
and mitigation; and property conservation where exposure to substances that present an
unusual danger to responders are present or could occur due to toxicity, chemical reactivity,
decomposition, corrosiveness, or similar reactions. Additionally, this Committee shall have
primary responsibility for documents on the selection, care, and maintenance of hazardous
materials protective clothing and protective equipment by fire and emergency services
organizations and personnel.

2018 Edition
 CONTENTS 1994-7

Contents

Chapter 1 Administration ......................................... 1994– 8 7.4 Class 3 Ensembles. ............................................ 1994– 47

1.1 Scope. ................................................................ 1994– 8 7.5 Class 3R Ensembles. ......................................... 1994– 51
1.2 Purpose. ............................................................ 1994– 8 7.6 Class 4 Ensembles. ............................................ 1994– 54
1.3 Application. ...................................................... 1994– 9 7.7 Class 4R Ensembles. ........................................ 1994– 56
1.4 Units. ................................................................. 1994– 9 7.8 Optional Chemical Flash Fire Escape
Protection Requirements. ................................ 1994– 58
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ......................... 1994– 9 7.9 Optional Stealth Requirements. ..................... 1994– 58
2.1 General. ............................................................ 1994– 9
2.2 NFPA Publications. ........................................... 1994– 9 Chapter 8 Test Methods ........................................... 1994– 58
2.3 Other Publications. .......................................... 1994– 10 8.1 Sample Preparation Procedures. .................... 1994– 58
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory 8.2 Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST). ........................ 1994– 59
Sections. ............................................................ 1994– 11 8.3 Overall Garment Function and Integrity
Test. ................................................................... 1994– 64
Chapter 3 Definitions ............................................... 1994– 11 8.4 Liquidtight Integrity Test 1. ............................. 1994– 66
3.1 General. ............................................................ 1994– 11 8.5 Particle Inward Leakage Test. .......................... 1994– 67
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. ............................... 1994– 11 8.6 Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test. ........................ 1994– 69
3.3 General Definitions. ......................................... 1994– 11 8.7 Chemical Permeation Resistance Test. ........... 1994– 69
8.8 Total Heat Loss Test. ........................................ 1994– 77
Chapter 4 Certification ............................................. 1994– 14
8.9 Burst Strength Test. .......................................... 1994– 77
4.1 General. ............................................................ 1994– 14
8.10 Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test. .. 1994– 78
4.2 Certification Program. ..................................... 1994– 15
8.11 Cold Temperature Performance Test 1. ......... 1994– 78
4.3 Inspection and Testing. ................................... 1994– 16
8.12 Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test. .......... 1994– 78
4.4 Annual Verification of Product Compliance. . 1994– 17
8.13 Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test. ........ 1994– 79
4.5 Manufacturers’ Quality Assurance Program. . 1994– 17
8.14 Cut Resistance Test. .......................................... 1994– 79
4.6 Hazards Involving Compliant Product. .......... 1994– 18
8.15 Puncture Resistance Test 1. ............................. 1994– 80
4.7 Manufacturers’ Investigation of Complaints
8.16 Glove Hand Function Test. .............................. 1994– 80
and Returns. ..................................................... 1994– 19
8.17 Abrasion Resistance Test 1. .............................. 1994– 81
4.8 Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product
8.18 Slip Resistance Test. ......................................... 1994– 81
Recall Systems. .................................................. 1994– 19
8.19 Evaporative Resistance Test. ............................ 1994– 81
Chapter 5 Labeling and Information ....................... 1994– 19 8.20 Viral Penetration Resistance Test. ................... 1994– 82
5.1 Product Labeling Requirements. .................... 1994– 19 8.21 Liquidtight Integrity Test 2. ............................. 1994– 83
5.2 User Information. ............................................ 1994– 21 8.22 Abrasion Resistance Test 2. .............................. 1994– 83
5.3 Technical Data Package. .................................. 1994– 21 8.23 Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test. .......... 1994– 84
8.24 Exhaust Valve Inward Leakage Test. ............... 1994– 84
Chapter 6 Design Requirements .............................. 1994– 37 8.25 Gastight Integrity Test. ..................................... 1994– 85
6.1 Protective Ensemble Requirements. ............... 1994– 37 8.26 Maximum Ensemble Ventilation Rate Test. ... 1994– 85
6.2 Garment Element Requirements. ................... 1994– 38 8.27 Flammability Resistance Test. .......................... 1994– 86
6.3 Glove Element Requirements. ........................ 1994– 38 8.28 Ultimate Tensile Strength Test. ....................... 1994– 86
6.4 Footwear Element Requirements. ................... 1994– 38 8.29 Overall Ensemble Flash Test. ........................... 1994– 87
6.5 Hood Elements Requirements. ....................... 1994– 38 8.30 Heat Transfer Performance (HTP) Test. ........ 1994– 89
6.6 Optional Chemical Flash Fire Protection 8.31 Color/Visibility Test Method. .......................... 1994– 90
Design Requirements. ...................................... 1994– 39 8.32 Audible Signature Test. .................................... 1994– 90
6.7 Optional Stealth Design Requirements. ......... 1994– 39
Annex A Explanatory Material ............................... 1994– 91
Chapter 7 Performance Requirements .................. 1994– 39
7.1 Class 1 Ensembles. ............................................ 1994– 39 Annex B Informational References ....................... 1994– 103
7.2 Class 2 Ensembles. ............................................ 1994– 42
Index .................................................................. 1994– 104
7.3 Class 2R Ensembles. ......................................... 1994– 45

2018 Edition
1994-8 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

NFPA 1994 N 1.1.2.1* This standard shall also establish requirements for
ruggedized ensembles that can be used multiple times where
Standard on there is no exposure to hazardous materials and CBRN terror‐
ism agents and that provide a greater level of physical hazard
Protective Ensembles for First Responders to resistance and increased durability.

Hazardous Materials Emergencies and CBRN N 1.1.2.2 This standard shall also establish additional optional
requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN protective
Terrorism Incidents ensembles for escape protection only from chemical flash fires
encountered during hazardous materials and CBRN incidents.
2018 Edition
N 1.1.2.3 This standard shall also establish additional optional
requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN protective
IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for
ensembles addressing stealth characteristics of ensembles.
use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices
and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document 1.1.3 This standard shall establish requirements for new
and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and
Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be viewed ensemble elements.
at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers or obtained on request from NFPA.
UPDATES, ALERTS, AND FUTURE EDITIONS: New editions of 1.1.4* This standard shall not establish requirements for respi‐
NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (i.e., ratory protection for incidents involving hazardous materials or
NFPA Standards) are released on scheduled revision cycles. This CBRN terrorism agents. Appropriate respiratory protection for
edition may be superseded by a later one, or it may be amended the incidents involving specific hazardous materials or CBRN
outside of its scheduled revision cycle through the issuance of Tenta‐ terrorism agent exposure is a critical part of overall protection
tive Interim Amendments (TIAs). An official NFPA Standard at any and shall be specified and provided by the authority having
point in time consists of the current edition of the document, together jurisdiction.
with all TIAs and Errata in effect. To verify that this document is the 1.1.5 This standard shall not establish requirements for any
current edition or to determine if it has been amended by TIAs or fire-fighting applications.
Errata, please consult the National Fire Codes® Subscription Service
or the “List of NFPA Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. 1.1.6* This standard shall not establish requirements for
In addition to TIAs and Errata, the document information pages also protection at incidents involving ionizing radiation, liquefied
include the option to sign up for alerts for individual documents and gas, cryogenic liquid hazards, explosives, or explosive atmos‐
to be involved in the development of the next edition. pheres.
NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter •
1.1.7 This standard shall not apply to any accessories that
designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on could be attached to the certified product, before or after
the paragraph can be found in Annex A. purchase, but are not necessary for the certified product to
A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph meet the requirements of this standard.
indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA
document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition 1.1.8 This standard shall not be construed as addressing all of
of the source documents for extracts in the recommendations the safety concerns associated with the use of compliant
sections of this document are given in Chapter 2 and those for hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and
extracts in the informational sections are given in Annex B. ensemble elements. It shall be the responsibility of the persons
Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may and organizations that use compliant hazardous materials and
include the revision of internal paragraph references and other CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements to estab‐
references as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revi‐ lish safety and health practices and to determine the applicabil‐
sions of extracted text should be sent to the technical commit‐ ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tee responsible for the source document.
Information on referenced publications can be found in 1.1.9 This standard shall not be construed as addressing all of
Chapter 2 and Annex B. the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of this stand‐
ard by testing facilities. It shall be the responsibility of the
persons and organizations that use this standard to conduct
Chapter 1 Administration testing of hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles
and ensemble elements to establish safety and health practices
1.1 Scope. and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to using this standard for any designing, manufacturing,
1.1.1* This standard shall establish the minimum require‐ and testing.
ments for the design, performance, testing, documentation,
and certification of protective ensembles and ensemble 1.1.10 Nothing herein shall restrict any jurisdiction or manu‐
elements used during hazardous materials and chemical, facturer from exceeding these minimum requirements.
biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) terrorism inci‐
dents. 1.2 Purpose.

1.1.2* This standard shall establish requirements for protec‐ 1.2.1* The purpose of this standard shall be to establish mini‐
tive ensembles and ensemble elements that are worn for a mum levels of protection for emergency first responder person‐
single exposure at incidents involving hazardous materials and nel assigned to incidents involving hazardous materials and
CBRN terrorism agents. CBRN terrorism agents.

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 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS 1994-9

1.2.1.1 To achieve this purpose, this standard shall establish ately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), permitting the use
minimum requirements for hazardous materials and CBRN of air-purifying respirators (APR).
protective ensembles and ensemble elements for emergency
first responder personnel responding to incidents involving 1.3.4 The requirements for Class 4 hazardous materials and
hazardous materials and CBRN terrorism agents, and for emer‐ CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply
gency first responder personnel exposed to victims or materials to ensembles designed to provide limited protection to emer‐
during assessment, extrication, rescue, triage, decontamina‐ gency first responder personnel at terrorism incidents involv‐
tion, treatment, site security, crowd management, and force ing particulate hazards, including biological hazards or
protection operations at incidents involving hazardous materi‐ radiological particulate hazards, where the concentrations are
als and CBRN terrorism agents. below immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH),
permitting the use of air-purifying respirators (APR).
1.2.1.2 This standard shall provide emergency first responder
personnel with four levels of hazardous materials and CBRN 1.3.5 This standard shall apply to the design, manufacturing,
protective ensembles and ensemble elements that could be and certification processes for new hazardous materials and
selected for minimum protection of emergency first responder CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements for inci‐
personnel based on what the incident risk analysis indicates is dents involving CBRN terrorism agents.
necessary protection for the intended operations. 1.3.6 This edition of NFPA 1994 shall not apply to any CBRN
N 1.2.1.3 This standard shall establish a level of physical hazard protective ensembles and ensemble elements manufactured to
resistance for three of the four levels of CBRN ensembles and prior editions of this standard.
ensemble elements that could be selected for those operations 1.3.7 This standard shall not apply to any hazardous materials
where ensembles are used multiple times without exposure to or CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements for inci‐
hazardous materials and CBRN terrorism agents and for opera‐ dents involving hazardous materials or CBRN terrorism inci‐
tions requiring increased durability. dents, which are manufactured in accordance with other
N 1.2.1.4 This standard shall establish a minimum level of limi‐ specifications or the standards of other organizations.
ted chemical flash fire protection for escape only in the event Δ 1.3.8 This standard shall not apply to use requirements for
of a chemical flash fire, as an option for compliant CBRN hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and
protective ensembles and ensemble elements. ensemble elements for incidents involving hazardous materials
N 1.2.1.5 This standard shall establish a minimum level of or CBRN terrorism agents, as these requirements are specified
stealth characteristics, as an option for compliant CBRN in NFPA 1500.
ensembles. 1.3.9* The requirements of this standard shall not apply to
1.2.2 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compli‐ any accessories that might be attached to any CBRN protective
ance with the performance requirements of this standard shall ensemble and ensemble elements.
not be deemed as establishing performance levels for all situa‐ 1.4 Units.
tions to which personnel can be exposed.
1.4.1 In this standard, values for measurement are followed by
1.2.3 This standard is not intended to be utilized as a detailed an equivalent in parentheses, but only the first stated value
manufacturing or purchase specification, but shall be permit‐ shall be regarded as the requirement.
ted to be referenced in purchase specifications as minimum
requirements. 1.4.2 Equivalent values in parentheses shall not be considered
as the requirement, as these values are approximate.
1.3 Application.
1.3.1* The requirements for Class 1 hazardous materials and Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply
to ensembles designed to provide protection to emergency first 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this
responder personnel at incidents involving vapor or liquid chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be
chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above considered part of the requirements of this document.
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), requiring
the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association,
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
1.3.2 The requirements for Class 2 hazardous materials and
CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of
to ensembles designed to provide limited protection to emer‐ Materials for Emergency Response, 2017 edition.
gency first responder personnel at hazardous materials or NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety,
terrorism incidents involving vapor or liquid chemical hazards Health, and Wellness Program, 2018 edition.
where the concentrations are at or above immediately danger‐ NFPA 1951, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Technical Rescue
ous to life and health (IDLH), requiring the use of self- Incidents, 2013 edition.
contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire
Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2018 edition.
1.3.3 The requirements for Class 3 hazardous materials and
NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing
CBRN protective ensembles and ensemble elements shall apply
Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services, 2013 edition.
to ensembles designed to provide limited protection to emer‐
gency first responder personnel at hazardous materials or NFPA 1986, Standard on Respiratory Protection Equipment for
terrorism incidents involving low levels of vapor or liquid Tactical and Technical Operations, 2017 edition.
chemical hazards, where the concentrations are below immedi‐

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 1994-10 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazard‐ ASTM F1301, Standard Practice for Labeling Chemical Protective
ous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terrrorism Incidents, 2016 Clothing, 2011 e1.
edition.
ASTM F1342/F1342M, Standard Test Method for Resistance of
NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash–Protective Ensembles and
Protective Clothing Materials to Puncture, 2013.
Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, 2018 edition.
NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders ASTM F1358, Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impinge‐
to Hazardous Materials and CBRN Terrorism Incidents, 2018 ment on Materials Used in Protective Clothing not Designated Primar‐
edition. ily for Flame Resistance, 2016.
NFPA 1999, Standard on Protective Clothing and Ensembles for
ASTM F1359/F1359M, Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetra‐
Emergency Medical Operations, 2018 edition.
tion Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a
2.3 Other Publications. Shower Spray While on a Manikin, 2016a.
N 2.3.1 AAFA Publications. American Apparel and Footwear ASTM F1671/F1671M, Standard Test Method for Resistance of
Association, 1601 No. Kent Street, Suite 1200, Arlington, VA Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-Borne
22209. Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage as a Test System, 2013.
FIA Standard 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, 1984. ASTM F1790, Test Methods for Measuring Cut Resistance of Mate‐
rials Used in Protective Clothing, 2005.
N 2.3.2 AATCC Publications. American Association of Textile
Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative
Park, NC 27709. Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, 2014.
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 6, Instrumental Color Measure‐ ASTM F2010/F2010M, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of
ment, 2008. Glove Effects on Wearer Hand Dexterity Using a Modified Pegboard
Test, 2010.
2.3.3 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Insti‐
tute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. ASTM F2412, Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection, 2011.
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, American National Standard for Occupational ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for Performance Require‐
and Educational Eye and Face Protective Devices, 2015. ments for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear, 2011.
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American National Standard for Industrial ASTM F2700, Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat
Head Protection, 2014. Transfer Evaluation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with
Continuous Heating, 2013.
Δ 2.3.4 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 2.3.5 IEC Publications. International Electrotechnical
19428-2959. Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211
Geneva 20, Switzerland.
ASTM D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and
Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension, 2015a. IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1:
Specifications, 2013.
ASTM D747, Standard Test Method for Apparent Bending Modu‐
lus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam, 2010. Δ 2.3.6 ISO/IEC Publications. International Organization for
Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de
ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for Testing Coated Fabrics, Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.
2011.
ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of
ASTM D1776/D1776M, Standard Practice for Conditioning and abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device, 2010.
Testing Textiles, 2016.
ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of
ASTM D2582, Standard Test Method for Puncture Propagation thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions
Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting, 2009. (sweating guarded-hotplate test), 2014.
ASTM D3884, Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile ISO 13287, Personal protective equipment — Footwear — Test
Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method), 2013 e1. method for slip resistance, 2012.
ASTM D4157, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, 2008.
Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method), 2013.
ISO/DIS 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements,
ASTM D5151, Standard Test Method for Detection of Holes in 2015.
Medical Gloves, 2015.
ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by a
ASTM F392/F392M, Standard Practice for Conditioning Flexible certification body in the event of misuse of its mark of conformity, 1983.
Barrier Materials for Flex Durability, 2015.
ISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment — General requirements
ASTM F1052, Standard Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies, 2004.
Protective Suits, 2014.
ISO/IEC 17021, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies
ASTM F1154, Standard Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the providing audit and certification of management systems — Part 1:
Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and requirements, 2015.
Ensemble Components, 2011.

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 DEFINITIONS 1994-11

ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing 3.2.5 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
and calibration laboratories, 2005.
3.2.6 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is
ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies advised but not required.
certifying products, processes, and services, 2012.
• 3.2.7 Standard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of which
2.3.7 NIOSH Publications. National Institute for Occupa‐ contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to
tional Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable
Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for
adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be
Statement of Standard for NIOSH CBRN APR Testing, 2003. considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall
Statement of Standard for NIOSH CBRN PAPR Testing, 2006. be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational
note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of
Statement of Standard for NIOSH CBRN SCBA Testing, 2002. Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase
2.3.8 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government “standards development process” or “standards development
Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards,
DC 20401-0001. including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and
Guides.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.132,
Subpart I, “Personal Protective Equipment.” 3.3 General Definitions.

2.3.9 Other Publications. 3.3.1 Agents.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam- 3.3.1.1 Biological Terrorism Agents. Liquid or particulate
Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003. agents that can consist of a biologically derived toxin or
pathogen used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties,
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. generally on a civilian population as a result of a terrorist
(Reserved) attack.
3.3.1.2 CBRN Terrorism Agents. See 3.3.7.
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.3.1.3 Chemical Terrorism Agents. See 3.3.16.
3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall 3.3.1.4* Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents. See 3.3.17.
apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not
defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be 3.3.1.5* Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents. Particles
defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the that emit ionizing radiation in excess of normal background
context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate levels used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties,
Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily generally on a civilian population, as the result of a terrorist
accepted meaning. attack.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. 3.3.2 Assembly. The portion of the manufacturing process
including, but not limited to, sewing, gluing, laminating, tack‐
3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic‐ ing, or other means of attaching whereby materials or compo‐
tion. nent parts are put together to form a portion of the compliant
3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, product, or the complete compliant product.
office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements 3.3.2.1 Garment Closure Assembly. The combination of the
of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, garment closure and the seam attaching the garment
an installation, or a procedure. closure to the garment, including any protective flap or
3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been cover.
attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organ‐ 3.3.3 Biological Terrorism Agents. See 3.3.1.1.
ization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction
and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri‐ 3.3.4 Care. Procedures for cleaning, decontamination, and
odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materi‐ storage of protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
als, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates 3.3.5 CBRN. Abbreviation for Chemical, Biological, Radiolog‐
compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a ical, and Nuclear.
specified manner.
3.3.6 CBRN Barrier Material. The part of the composite that
3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a is intended to provide protection against CBRN terrorism
list published by an organization that is acceptable to the agents.
authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of
products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of 3.3.7 CBRN Terrorism Agents. The term used to refer to
production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua‐ chemical terrorism agents including both chemical warfare
tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip‐ agents and toxic industrial chemicals, biological terrorism
ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated agents, and radiological particulate terrorism agents. (See also
standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified 3.3.1.1, Biological Terrorism Agents, 3.3.1.3, Chemical Terrorism
purpose. Agents, and 3.3.1.5, Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents.)

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 1994-12 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

3.3.8 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and ments of this standard, and establishes a follow-up program
Ensemble Elements. Multiple elements, categorized as Class 1, conducted by the certification organization as a check on the
Class 2, Class 3, or Class 4 CBRN protective ensembles and methods the manufacturer uses to determine continued
ensemble elements, designed to provide minimum full-body compliance with the requirements of this standard.
protection against exposure to chemical/biological terrorism
agents occurring during chemical/biological terrorism emer‐ 3.3.15* Certification Organization. An independent, third-
gencies. party organization established for product testing and evalua‐
tion that administers a labeling/listing/follow-up program.
N 3.3.8.1 Class 1 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble 3.3.16 Chemical Terrorism Agents. Liquid, solid, gaseous,
elements designed to protect emergency first responder and vapor chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemi‐
personnel at terrorism incidents involving vapor or liquid cals used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties, generally
chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above on a civilian population as a result of a terrorist attack.
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), requiring 3.3.17 Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents. Liquid, solid, and gas
the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). chemical agents (most are liquids) traditionally used during
3.3.8.2 Class 2 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble warfare or armed conflict to kill or incapacitate an enemy. (See
Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble also 3.3.1.3, Chemical Terrorism Agents, and 3.3.75, Toxic Industrial
elements designed to protect emergency first responder Chemicals.)
personnel at terrorism incidents involving vapor or liquid N 3.3.18 Class 1 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
chemical hazards where the concentrations are at or above Elements. See 3.3.8.1.
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), requiring
the use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). 3.3.19 Class 2 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
Elements. See 3.3.8.2.
Δ 3.3.8.3 Class 3 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble 3.3.20 Class 3 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
elements designed to protect emergency first responder Elements. See 3.3.8.3.
personnel at terrorism incidents involving low levels of 3.3.21 Class 4 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
vapor or liquid chemical hazards where the concentrations Elements. See 3.3.8.4.
are below immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH),
permitting the use of CBRN air-purifying respirators (APR) 3.3.22 Compliance/Compliant. Product that meets or
or CBRN-powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR). exceeds all applicable requirements of this standard and is
certified.
Δ 3.3.8.4 Class 4 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble
Elements. A CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble 3.3.23* Component. Any material, part, or subassembly used
elements designed to protect emergency first responder in the construction of the compliant product.
personnel at terrorism incidents involving biological
hazards or radiological particulate hazards where the 3.3.24 Composite. The layer or layers of materials or compo‐
concentrations are below immediately dangerous to life and nents.
health (IDLH), permitting the use of air-purifying respira‐ 3.3.25 Cryogenic Gas. See 3.3.43.1.
tors (APR) or powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR).
N 3.3.26 Elastomer. A polymeric material that returns to its orig‐
3.3.9 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear. The inal length and shape after stretching.
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to
the foot, ankle, and lower leg. N 3.3.27* Elastomeric Interface Material. An exposed elasto‐
meric material that is not otherwise used as garment material,
3.3.10 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Cover. which provides an interface between components of the
The item of the protective ensemble to be worn over standard ensemble and ensemble elements, other than seams, and if
footwear to provide barrier and physical protection to the wear‐ applicable, the interface between the respirator facepiece and
er’s feet. the ensemble or ensemble elements.
3.3.11 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s). The 3.3.28 Emergency First Responder Personnel. Those persons,
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to including members of fire departments, police departments,
the upper and lower torso, head, arms, and legs; excluding the other law enforcement agencies, hazardous materials response
hands and feet. teams, emergency medical services, and other organizations
3.3.12 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). The that have public safety responsibilities and who would respond
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to to rescue and treat victims, and who would protect the public
the wearer’s hands and wrists. during an emergency incident.

N 3.3.13 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood. The 3.3.29* Encapsulating. A type of CBRN protective ensemble
element of the protective ensemble that provides protection to that provides vaportight or liquidtight protection to the upper
the wearer’s head and neck. and lower torso, head, hands, and feet and completely covers
the wearer and the wearer's respirator. (See also 3.3.61.1, CBRN
3.3.14 Certification/Certified. A system whereby a certifica‐ Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and Ensemble Elements, and
tion organization determines that a manufacturer has demon‐ 3.3.53, Nonencapsulating Ensemble.)
strated the ability to produce a product that complies with the
requirements of this standard, authorizes the manufacturer to N 3.3.30 Encapsulating Ensemble. A type of ensemble that
use a label on listed products that comply with the require‐ completely covers the wearer and the wearer’s respirator.

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 DEFINITIONS 1994-13

3.3.31 Ensemble(s). See 3.3.8, CBRN Terrorism Incident 3.3.43.2* Liquefied Gas. A gas that, under its charged pres‐
Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements. sure, is partially liquid at 21°C (70°F).
3.3.32 Ensemble Elements. Multiple elements, including 3.3.44 Glove(s).
garments, gloves, footwear, and hoods.
3.3.44.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). See
3.3.33* External Fittings. Any fitting externally located on, 3.3.12.
and part of, the ensemble which is not part of the garment
material, visor material, gloves, footwear, seams, or closure 3.3.44.2 Outer Glove. A glove worn over another glove
assembly. component for the purposes of providing additional protec‐
tion to the wearer and to meet the requirements of this
3.3.34 First Responder Personnel. See 3.3.28, Emergency standard.
First Responder Personnel.
3.3.44.3 Protective Glove(s). An abbreviated term for CBRN
3.3.35 Follow-Up Program. The sampling, inspections, tests, Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). [See 3.3.12, CBRN
or other measures conducted by the certification organization Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s).]
on a periodic basis to determine the continued compliance of
labeled and listed products that are being produced by the N 3.3.45 Hood(s).
manufacturer to the requirements of this standard. N 3.3.45.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s). See
3.3.36 Footwear. 3.3.13.

3.3.36.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear. See N 3.3.45.2 Protective Hood(s). An abbreviated term for CBRN
3.3.9. Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s). [See 3.3.13, CBRN
Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s)]
3.3.36.2 Protective Footwear. An abbreviated term for CBRN
Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear. (See also 3.3.9, 3.3.46 Integrity Footwear Cover. A component of the protec‐
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear.) tive footwear element designed and configured to be worn over
an outerboot to provide footwear with liquid–splash protection
3.3.36.3 Standard Footwear. Footwear approved by the when integrated with the protective ensemble.
authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) for wear with protective
garments as defined in 3.3.11 and, where required, worn 3.3.47 Ionizing Radiation. Radiation of sufficient energy to
with a CBRN terrorism incident protective footwear cover. alter the atomic structure of materials or cells with which it
(See 3.3.10.) interacts, including electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays,
gamma rays, and microwaves, and particulate radiation such as
3.3.37 Footwear Cover. See 3.3.37.1, CBRN Terrorism Inci‐ alpha and beta particles.
dent Protective Footwear Cover.
3.3.48 Liquefied Gas. See 3.3.43.2.
3.3.37.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Cover.
See 3.3.10. 3.3.49 Maintenance. Procedures for inspection, repair, and
removal from service of CBRN protective ensembles and
3.3.38 Footwear Upper. That portion of the footwear element ensemble elements.
above the sole.
3.3.50 Manufacturer. The entity that directs and controls
3.3.39 Garment(s). compliant product design, compliant product manufacturing,
or compliant product quality assurance; or, the entity that
3.3.39.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s). assumes the liability for the compliant product or provides the
See 3.3.11. warranty for the compliant product.
3.3.39.2 Outer Garment. A garment worn over another 3.3.51 Material.
garment component to meet the requirements of this stand‐
ard. 3.3.51.1 CBRN Barrier Material. See 3.3.6.
3.3.39.3 Protective Garment(s). An abbreviated term for 3.3.51.2 Garment Material. The principal protective cloth‐
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s). [See ing material used in the construction of CBRN terrorism
3.3.11, CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s).] incident protective ensembles and ensemble elements.
3.3.40 Garment Closure. The garment component designed 3.3.51.3 Protective Clothing Material. Any material or
and configured to allow the wearer to don (put on) and doff composite used in CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble
(take off) the CBRN terrorism incident protective ensemble elements for the purpose of protecting parts of the wearer's
and ensemble elements. body against chemical/biological terrorism agents, or
against physical hazards.
3.3.41 Garment Closure Assembly. See 3.3.2.1.
3.3.51.4 Visor Material. The transparent chemical-
3.3.42 Garment Material. See 3.3.51.2. protective clothing material that allows the wearer to see
3.3.43 Gas. outside the CBRN terrorism incident protective ensemble
and ensemble elements.
3.3.43.1 Cryogenic Gas. A refrigerated liquid gas having a
boiling point below −130°F (−90°C) at atmospheric pres‐
sure.

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1994-14 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

3.3.52 Model. The collective term used to identify a group of 3.3.72 Specimen. The conditioned element, item, component
individual elements of the same basic design and components or composite that is tested. Specimens are taken from samples.
from a single manufacturer produced by the same manufactur‐ (See also 3.3.69, Sample.)
ing and quality assurance procedures that are covered by the
same certification. 3.3.73 Storage Life. The life expectancy of the CBRN protec‐
tive ensemble and ensemble elements from the date of manu‐
3.3.53* Nonencapsulating Ensemble. A type of ensemble that facture when it is only stored and inspected and has undergone
does not fully cover the wearer's respirator and relies on the proper care and maintenance in accordance with manufactur‐
facepiece of the respirator to have an interface with the er's instructions, but not used, donned, doffed, or repaired.
garment and complete the enclosure of the wearer.
N 3.3.74* Tethered Applications. Applications in which a hose
3.3.54 Outer Boot. A boot worn over other footwear compo‐ or line is attached to the garment or hood portion of an
nents to meet requirements of this standard. ensemble via an external fitting mounted on the garment mate‐
rial that is further connected to a fixed location external to the
3.3.55 Outer Garment. See 3.3.39.2. suit.
3.3.56 Outer Glove. See 3.3.44.2. 3.3.75 Toxic Industrial Chemicals. Highly toxic solid, liquid,
3.3.57* Particulates. Solid matter that is dispersed in air as a or gaseous chemicals that have been identified as mass casualty
mixture. threats that could be used as weapons of terrorism to inflict
casualties, generally on a civilian population, during a terrorist
3.3.58 Percent Inward Leakage. The ratio of vapor concentra‐ attack. [See also 3.3.16, Chemical Terrorism Agents, and 3.3.17,
tion inside the ensemble versus the vapor concentration Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents.]
outside the ensemble expressed as a percentage.
3.3.76 Visor Material. See 3.3.51.4.
3.3.59* Product Label. A label or marking affixed by the
manufacturer to each compliant product or product package.
Such labels contain compliance statements, certification state‐ Chapter 4 Certification
ments, general information, care, maintenance, or similar data.
4.1 General.
3.3.60 Protective Clothing Material. See 3.3.51.3.
4.1.1 The process of certification for product as being compli‐
3.3.61 Protective Ensemble(s) and Ensemble Elements. An ant with NFPA 1994 shall meet the requirements of Section 4.1,
abbreviated term for CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective General; Section 4.2, Certification Program; Section 4.3,
Ensembles. Inspection and Testing; Section 4.4, Recertification;
3.3.61.1* CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and Section 4.5, Manufacturers' Quality Assurance Program;
Ensemble Elements. See 3.3.8. Section 4.6, Hazards Involving Compliant Product; Section 4.7,
Manufacturers' Investigation of Complaints and Returns; and
3.3.62 Protective Ensembles. See 3.3.61. Section 4.8, Manufacturers' Safety Alert and Product Recall
Systems.
3.3.63 Protective Footwear. See 3.3.36.2.
4.1.2* All compliant products that are labeled as being
3.3.64 Protective Garment(s). See 3.3.39.3. compliant with this standard shall meet or exceed all applica‐
3.3.65 Protective Glove(s). See 3.3.44.3. ble requirements specified in this standard and shall be certi‐
fied.
3.3.66 Puncture-Resistant Device. A reinforcement to the
bottom of protective footwear that is designed to provide punc‐ Δ 4.1.3 All certification shall be performed by a certification
ture resistance. organization that meets at least the requirements specified in
Section 4.2, Certification Program, and that is accredited for
3.3.67 Radiological and Nuclear Particulate Terrorism Agents. personal protective equipment in accordance with ISO/IEC
See 3.3.1.5. 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying
3.3.68* Respirator. A device that provides respiratory protec‐ products, processes, and services. The accreditation shall be issued
tion for the wearer. by an accreditation body operating in accordance with
ISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment — General requirements for
3.3.69 Sample. The element, item, component, or composite accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies.
that is conditioned for subsequent testing. An amount of the
material, product or assembly to be tested that is representative 4.1.4 Manufacturers shall not claim compliance with portions
of the item as a whole. (See also 3.3.72, Specimen.) or segments of the requirements of this standard and shall not
use the NFPA name or the name or identification of this stand‐
3.3.70 Seam. Any permanent attachment of two or more ard, NFPA 1994, in any statements about their respective prod‐
protective clothing materials, excluding external fittings, ucts unless the products are certified as compliant to this
gaskets, and garment closure assemblies, in a line formed by standard.
joining the separate material pieces.
4.1.5 All compliant products shall be labeled and listed.
3.3.71* Sock. An extension of the garment or suit leg or a
separate item that covers the entire foot and is intended to be 4.1.5.1 Glove elements, footwear elements, and hood
worn inside a protective outer boot. elements that are provided, sold, or distributed as part of a
specific ensemble shall not be required to be separately labeled
or listed, but shall be included as a part of the ensemble prod‐
uct label and listing.

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 CERTIFICATION 1994-15

4.1.5.2 Glove elements, footwear elements, and hood 4.2.6.1 The certification organization laboratory facilities shall
elements that are provided, sold, or distributed as individual have a program in place and functioning for calibration of all
elements shall be required to be separately labeled and listed. instruments, and procedures shall be in use to ensure proper
The individual element product listing shall include the ensem‐ control of all testing.
ble with which the element is certified.
4.2.6.2 The certification organization laboratory facilities shall
4.1.6 All compliant products shall also have a product label follow good practice regarding the use of laboratory manuals,
that meets the requirements specified in Section 5.1, Product form data sheets, documented calibration and calibration
Labeling Requirements. routines, performance verification, proficiency testing, and
staff qualification and training programs.
4.1.7 The certification organization’s label, symbol, or identi‐
fying mark shall be part of the product label, shall be attached 4.2.7 The certification organization shall require the manufac‐
to the product label, or shall be immediately adjacent to the turer to establish and maintain a quality assurance program
product label. that meets the requirements of Section 4.5, Manufacturers’
Quality Assurance Program.
4.1.8 The certification organization shall not issue any new
certifications to the 2012 edition of NFPA 1994 on or after the 4.2.7.1* The certification organization shall require the
effective date for NFPA 1994, 2017 edition, which is August 21, manufacturer to have a product recall system specified in
2017. Section 4.8, Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product Recall
Systems, as part of the manufacturer's quality assurance
4.1.9 The certification organization shall not permit any program.
manufacturer to continue to label any products that are certi‐
fied as compliant with the 2012 edition of NFPA 1994, on or 4.2.7.2 The certification organization shall audit the manufac‐
after August 21, 2018. turer’s quality assurance program to ensure that the quality
assurance program provides continued product compliance
Δ 4.1.10 The certification organization shall require manufac‐ with this standard.
turers to remove all certification labels and product labels indi‐
cating compliance with the 2012 edition of NFPA 1994, from all 4.2.8 The certification organization and the manufacturer
products that are under the control of the manufacturer on shall evaluate any changes affecting the form, fit, or function of
August 21, 2018 and the certification organization shall verify the compliant product to determine its continued certification
this action is taken. to this standard.
4.2 Certification Program. 4.2.9* The certification organization shall have a follow-up
inspection program of the manufacturer’s facilities of the
4.2.1* The certification organization shall not be owned or compliant product with at least two random and unannounced
controlled by manufacturers or vendors of the product being visits per 12-month period to verify the product's continued
certified. compliance.
4.2.2 The certification organization shall be primarily 4.2.9.1 As part of the follow-up inspection program, the certif‐
engaged in certification work and shall not have a monetary ication organization shall select sample compliant product at
interest in the product’s ultimate profitability. random from the manufacturer’s production line, from the
Δ 4.2.3 The certification organization shall be accredited for manufacturer's in-house stock, or from the open market.
personal protective equipment in accordance with ISO/IEC 4.2.9.2 Sample product shall be evaluated by the certification
17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying organization to verify the product’s continued compliance in
products, processes and services. The accreditation shall be issued order to assure that the materials, components, and manufac‐
by an accreditation body operating in accordance with turing quality assurance systems are consistent with the materi‐
ISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment — General requirements for als, components, and manufacturing quality assurance that
accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies. were inspected and tested by the certification organization
4.2.4 The certification organization shall refuse to certify during initial certification and recertification.
products to this standard that do not comply with all applicable 4.2.9.3 The certification organization shall be permitted to
requirements of this standard. conduct specific testing to verify the product's continued
4.2.5* The contractual provisions between the certification compliance.
organization and the manufacturer shall specify that certifica‐ 4.2.9.4 For products, components, and materials where prior
tion is contingent on compliance with all applicable require‐ testing, judgment, and experience of the certification organiza‐
ments of this standard. tion have shown results to be in jeopardy of not complying with
4.2.5.1 The certification organization shall not offer or confer this standard, the certification organization shall conduct more
any conditional, temporary, or partial certifications. frequent testing of sample product, components, and materials
acquired in accordance with 4.2.9.1 against the applicable
4.2.5.2 Manufacturers shall not be authorized to use any label requirements of this standard.
or reference to the certification organization on products that
are not compliant with all applicable requirements of this 4.2.10 The certification organization shall have in place a
standard. series of procedures, as specified in Section 4.6, Hazards Involv‐
ing Compliant Product, that address reports of situations in
Δ 4.2.6* The certification organization shall have or have access which a compliant product is subsequently found to be hazard‐
to laboratory facilities and equipment for conducting proper ous.
tests to determine product compliance.

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1994-16 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

4.2.11 The certification organization's operating procedures 4.3.5 Inspection by the certification organization shall include
shall provide a mechanism for the manufacturer to appeal deci‐ a review of all product labels to ensure that all required label
sions. The procedures shall include the presentation of infor‐ attachments, compliance statements, certification statements,
mation from both sides of a controversy to a designated appeals and other product information are at least as specified in
panel. Section 5.1, Product Labeling Requirements.
4.2.12 The certification organization shall be in a position to 4.3.6 Inspection by the certification organization shall include
use legal means to protect the integrity of its name and label. an evaluation of any symbols and pictorial graphic representa‐
The name and label shall be registered and legally defended. tions used on product labels or in user information, as permit‐
ted in 5.1.1.6, to ensure that the symbols are clearly explained
4.3 Inspection and Testing. in the product's user information package.
4.3.1 For both initial certification and recertification of 4.3.7 Inspection by the certification organization shall include
compliant products, the certification organization shall a review of the user information required by Section 5.2, User
conduct both inspection and testing as specified in this section. Information, to ensure that the information has been devel‐
4.3.2 All inspections, evaluations, conditioning, and testing oped and is available.
for certification or for recertification shall be conducted by a 4.3.8 Inspection by the certification organization shall include
certification organization's testing laboratory that is accredited a review of the technical data package to determine compli‐
in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025, ance with the requirements of Section 5.3, Technical Data
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration labo‐ Package.
ratories.
4.3.9 Inspection by the certification organization for deter‐
4.3.2.1 The certification organization's testing laboratory's mining compliance with the design requirements specified in
scope of accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements Chapter 6 shall be performed on whole or complete products.
for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, shall encom‐
pass testing of personal protective equipment. 4.3.10 Testing to determine product compliance with the
performance requirements specified in Chapter 7 shall be
4.3.2.2 The accreditation of a certification organization's test‐ conducted by the certification organization in accordance with
ing laboratory shall be issued by an accreditation body operat‐ the specified testing requirements of Chapter 8.
ing in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment —
General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity 4.3.10.1 Testing shall be performed on specimens representa‐
assessment bodies. tive of materials and components used in the actual construc‐
tion of the compliant product.
4.3.3 A certification organization shall be permitted to utilize
conditioning and testing results conducted by a product or 4.3.10.2 The certification organization also shall be permitted
component manufacturer for certification or recertification to use sample materials cut from a representative product.
provided the manufacturer's testing laboratory meets the
requirements specified in 4.3.3.1 through 4.3.3.5. 4.3.11 The certification organization shall accept from the
manufacturer, for evaluation and testing for certification, only
4.3.3.1 The manufacturer’s testing laboratory shall be accredi‐ product or product components that are the same in every
ted in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025, respect as the actual final product or product component.
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration labo‐
ratories. 4.3.12 The certification organization shall not allow any modi‐
fications, pretreatment, conditioning, or other such special
4.3.3.2 The manufacturer’s testing laboratory’s scope of processes of the product or any product component prior to
accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the the product's submission for evaluation and testing by the
competence of testing and calibration laboratories, shall encompass certification organization.
testing of personal protective equipment.
4.3.13 The certification organization shall not allow the substi‐
4.3.3.3 The accreditation of a manufacturer’s testing labora‐ tution, repair, or modification, other than as specifically
tory shall be issued by an accreditation body operating in permitted herein, of any product or any product component
accordance with ISO/IEC 17011, General requirements for accredi‐ during testing.
tation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies.
4.3.14 The certification organization shall not allow test speci‐
4.3.3.4 The certification organization shall approve the manu‐ mens that have been conditioned and tested for one test
facturer’s testing laboratory. method to be reconditioned and tested for another test
method unless specifically permitted in the test method.
4.3.3.5 The certification organization shall determine the
level of supervision and witnessing of the conditioning and test‐ 4.3.15 The certification organization shall test ensemble
ing for certification or recertification conducted at the manu‐ elements with the specific ensemble(s) with which they are to
facturer's testing laboratory. be certified.
4.3.4 Sampling levels for testing and inspection shall be estab‐ 4.3.16 Glove and footwear ensemble elements that are manu‐
lished by the certification organization and the manufacturer factured as separate items and are not intended to be provided,
to ensure a reasonable and acceptable reliability at a reasona‐ sold, or distributed as part of a complete ensemble shall be
ble and acceptable confidence level that products certified to certified as ensemble elements.
this standard are compliant, unless such sampling levels are
specified herein. This information shall be included in the
manufacturer's technical data package.

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 CERTIFICATION 1994-17

4.3.16.1 The certification organization shall test ensemble test as specified in the ensemble general requirements in Chap‐
elements with the specific ensemble(s) with which they are to ter 7.
be used.
4.4.3.3 Each compliant element and component shall be
4.3.16.2 The designation of the certified ensemble(s) with tested for overall performance as specified in the appropriate
which compliant ensemble elements have been certified shall element requirements in Chapter 7, with the following modifi‐
be clearly indicated on the product label of the certified cations:
ensemble element. (1) Chemical permeation resistance testing specified for
4.3.17 Any change in the design, construction, or material of a Class 1 ensembles shall be limited to the following chemi‐
compliant product shall necessitate new inspection and testing cals:
to verify compliance to all applicable requirements of this (a) Ammonia
standard that the certification organization determines can be (b) Acrolein
affected by such change. This recertification shall be conduc‐ (c) Acrylonitrile
ted before labeling the modified product as being compliant (d) Chlorine
with this standard. (e) Dimethyl sulfate
4.3.18 The manufacturer shall maintain all design and (2) Chemical permeation resistance testing specified for
performance inspection and test data from the certification Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R ensembles shall be
organization used in the certification of the manufacturer's limited to the following chemicals:
compliant product. The manufacturer shall provide such data, (a) Acrylonitrile
upon request, to the purchaser or authority having jurisdiction. (b) Ammonia
(c) Dimethyl sulfate
4.3.19* Unless otherwise noted in this standard, any combina‐
tion of materials or multipiece ensemble element that is 4.4.3.3.1 With the exception of chemical permeation testing, a
needed to meet any of the performance requirements specified total of two specimens shall be permitted for ensemble material
in Chapter 7 shall be required to meet all the requirements for and component testing requirements. If the testing is specified
that particular part of the ensemble or ensemble element. for both directions of a material, a total of two specimens per
material direction shall be permitted for testing requirements.
4.4 Annual Verification of Product Compliance.
4.4.4 The manufacturer shall maintain all design, inspection,
4.4.1 All products that are labeled as being compliant with performance, and test data from the certification organization
this standard shall undergo recertification on an annual basis. produced during the recertification of manufacturers’ models
4.4.1.1 This recertification shall include inspection and evalu‐ and components. The manufacturer shall provide such data,
ation to the design requirements and testing to the perform‐ on request, to the purchaser or to the authority having jurisdic‐
ance requirements as required by this standard on all tion.
manufacturers' compliant product models. 4.5 Manufacturers’ Quality Assurance Program.
4.4.1.2 Any change that affects the compliant product 4.5.1 The manufacturer shall provide and operate a quality
performance under design or performance requirements of assurance program that meets the requirements of this section
this standard shall constitute a different model. and that includes a product recall system as specified in 4.2.7.1
4.4.1.3 For the purpose of this standard, models shall include and Section 4.8, Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product
each unique pattern, style, or design of the compliant prod‐ Recall Systems.
ucts. 4.5.2 The operation of the quality assurance program shall
4.4.2 Samples of manufacturer’s models and components for evaluate and test compliant product production to the require‐
recertification shall be acquired from the manufacturer or ments of this standard to assure production remains in compli‐
component supplier during random and unannounced visits as ance.
part of the follow-up program specified in 4.2.9. 4.5.3* The manufacturer shall be registered to ISO/DIS 9001,
4.4.2.1 For recertification, the certification organization shall Quality management systems — Requirements.
acquire at least one complete compliant product. 4.5.3.1 Registration to the requirements of ISO/DIS 9001,
4.4.2.2 The certification organization shall also acquire a suffi‐ Quality management systems — Requirements, shall be conducted
cient quantity of components to be tested for recertification as by a registrar that is accredited for personal protective equip‐
required by 4.4.3. ment in accordance with ISO/IEC 17021, Conformity assessment
— Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of
4.4.3 Compliant products and components shall be inspected, management systems.
evaluated, and tested as specified in 4.4.3.1 and 4.4.3.2. Inspec‐
tion, evaluation, and testing performed as part of the follow-up 4.5.3.2 The scope of the ISO registration shall include at least
program shall be permitted to be used for recertification to the design and manufacturing systems management for the
avoid duplication. personal protective equipment being certified.

4.4.3.1 One sample of each compliant product shall be inspec‐ 4.5.3.3 The registrar shall affix the accreditation mark on the
ted and evaluated to the design requirements specified in ISO registration certificate.
Chapter 6.
4.4.3.2 One specimen of each compliant ensemble shall be
permitted to be tested for each overall ensemble performance

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1994-18 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

4.5.4* Any entity that meets the definition of manufacturer the manufacturer to undertake shall take into consideration
specified in Section 3.3, General Definitions, and therefore is the severity of the hazard and its consequences to the safety
considered to be the “manufacturer” but does not manufacture and health of users.
or assemble the compliant product, shall meet the require‐
ments specified in Section 4.5. 4.6.5 Where it is established that a hazard is involved with a
compliant product, the certification organization shall deter‐
4.5.5* Where the manufacturer uses subcontractors in the mine the scope of the hazard including products, model
construction or assembly of the compliant product, the loca‐ numbers, serial numbers, factory production facilities, produc‐
tions and names of all subcontractor facilities shall be docu‐ tion runs, and quantities involved.
mented, and the documentation shall be provided to the
manufacturer's ISO registrar and the certification organization. 4.6.6 The certification organization's investigation shall
include, but not be limited to, the extent and scope of the
4.5.5.1 Component manufacturers shall be considered as problem as it might apply to other compliant products or
subcontractors. compliant product components manufactured by other manu‐
facturers or certified by other certification organizations.
4.5.5.2 Subcontractors shall include but not be limited to a
person or persons, or a company, firm, corporation, partner‐ 4.6.7 The certification organization shall also investigate
ship, or other organization having an agreement with or under reports of a hazard where compliant product is gaining wide‐
contract with the compliant product manufacturer to supply or spread use in applications not foreseen when the standard was
assemble components of the compliant product, or to assemble written, such applications in turn being ones for which the
portions of the compliant product. product was not certified, and no specific scope of application
has been provided in the standard, and no limiting scope of
4.5.5.3 The assembly portion of the manufacturing process application was provided by the manufacturer in written mate‐
shall include but not be limited to the sewing, gluing, laminat‐ rial accompanying the compliant product at the point of sale.
ing, tacking, or other means of attaching whereby materials or
component parts are joined together to form a portion, a 4.6.8 The certification organization shall require the manufac‐
component, or a complete compliant product. turer of the compliant product, or the manufacturer of the
compliant product component if applicable, to assist the certifi‐
4.5.6 All subcontractors, where different from the manufac‐ cation organization in the investigation and to conduct its own
turer, shall also be registered to the requirements of ISO/DIS investigation as specified in Section 4.7, Manufacturers’ Investi‐
9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, for manufac‐ gation of Complaints and Returns.
turing, unless the provisions specified in 4.5.6.1 and 4.5.6.2
apply. 4.6.9 Where the facts indicating a need for corrective action
are conclusive and the certification organization's appeal
4.5.6.1 The manufacturer shall be permitted to include procedures referenced in 4.2.11 have been followed, the certifi‐
subcontractors in the manufacturer's ISO/DIS 9001 registra‐ cation organization shall initiate corrective action immediately,
tion in lieu of requiring the subcontractor to have their own provided there is a manufacturer to be held responsible for
ISO registration. such action.
4.5.6.2 Where the manufacturer applies their ISO registration 4.6.10 Where the facts are conclusive and corrective action is
to subcontractors, this action shall require the inclusion of the indicated, but there is no manufacturer to be held responsible,
subcontractors’ addresses and functions on the manufacturer’s such as when the manufacturer is out of business or the manu‐
ISO/DIS 9001 registration certificate, and the manufacturer facturer is bankrupt, the certification organization shall imme‐
shall provide the certification organization with copies of the diately notify relevant governmental and regulatory agencies
ISO/DIS 9001 registrar's reports showing acceptable inclusion and issue a notice to the user community about the hazard.
of these locations for the functions they perform for the manu‐
facturer. 4.6.11* Where the facts are conclusive and corrective action is
indicated, the certification organization shall take one or more
4.6 Hazards Involving Compliant Product. of the following corrective actions:
4.6.1* The certification organization shall establish proce‐ (1) Notification of parties authorized and responsible for
dures to be followed where situation(s) are reported in which a issuing a safety alert when, in the opinion of the certifica‐
compliant product is subsequently found to be hazardous or tion organization, such a notification is necessary to
unfit for use. These procedures shall comply with the provi‐ inform the users.
sions of ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by (2) Notification of parties authorized and responsible for
a certification body in the event of misuse of its mark of conformity, issuing a product recall when, in the opinion of the certif‐
and as modified herein. ication organization, such a recall is necessary to protect
4.6.2* Where a report of a hazard involved with a compliant the users.
product is received by the certification organization, the valid‐ (3) Removing the mark of certification from the product.
ity of the report shall be investigated. (4) Where a hazardous condition exists and it is not practical
to implement item (1), (2), or (3), or the responsible
4.6.3 With respect to a compliant product, a hazard shall be a parties refuse to take corrective action, the certification
condition or create a situation that results in exposing life, organization shall notify relevant governmental and regu‐
limb, or property to an imminently dangerous or dangerous latory agencies and issue a notice to the user community
condition. about the hazard.
4.6.4 Where a specific hazard is identified, the determination 4.6.12 The certification organization shall provide a report to
of the appropriate action for the certification organization and the organization or individual identifying the reported hazard‐

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 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-19

ous condition and notify them of the corrective action indica‐ ensemble is properly assembled with all layers, components,
ted, or that no corrective action is indicated. and component parts in place.
4.6.13* Where a change to an NFPA standard(s) is felt to be 5.1.1.2 Each glove element shall have a product label perma‐
necessary, the certification organization shall also provide a nently and conspicuously attached to, embossed on, or printed
copy of the report and corrective actions indicated to the on the top outside of the gauntlet of each glove piece when the
NFPA, and shall also submit either a Public Proposal for a glove is properly assembled with all layers, components, and
proposed change to the next revision of the applicable stand‐ component parts in place. In place of the product label being
ard, or a proposed Temporary Interim Amendment (TIA) to affixed to the glove, the product label shall be permitted to be
the current edition of the applicable standard. attached to, printed on, or inserted into each package contain‐
ing one or more pairs of gloves.
4.7 Manufacturers’ Investigation of Complaints and Returns.
5.1.1.3 Each footwear element shall have a product label
4.7.1 Manufacturers shall provide corrective action in accord‐ permanently and conspicuously attached to, embossed on, or
ance with ISO/DIS 9001, Quality management systems — Require‐ printed on the inside of each footwear piece when the footwear
ments, for investigating written complaints and returned is properly assembled with all layers, components, and compo‐
products. nent parts in place. In place of the product label being affixed
4.7.2 Manufacturers’ records of returns and complaints rela‐ to the footwear, the product label shall be permitted to be
ted to safety issues shall be retained for at least 5 years. attached to, printed on, or inserted into each package contain‐
ing one or more pairs of footwear.
4.7.3 Where the manufacturer discovers, during the review of
specific returns or complaints, that a compliant product or 5.1.1.4 Multiple label pieces shall be permitted in order to
compliant product component can constitute a potential safety carry all statements and information required to be on the
risk to end users that is possibly subject to a safety alert or prod‐ product label; however, all label pieces comprising the entire
uct recall, the manufacturer shall immediately contact the product label shall be located adjacent to each other.
certification organization and provide all information about 5.1.1.5 All worded portions of the required product label shall
their review to assist the certification organization with their at least be in English.
investigation.
5.1.1.6 Symbols and other pictorial graphic representations
4.8 Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product Recall Systems. shall be permitted to be used to supplement worded statements
4.8.1 Manufacturers shall establish a written safety alert system on the product label(s) where such symbols and other pictorial
and a written product recall system that describes the proce‐ graphic representations are clearly explained in the user infor‐
dures to be used in the event that it decides, or is directed by mation.
the certification organization, to either issue a safety alert or to 5.1.1.7* The certification organization's label, symbol, or
conduct a product recall. identifying mark shall be legibly printed on the product label.
4.8.2 The manufacturers’ safety alert and product recall All letters shall be at least 6 mm (1∕4 in.) high.
system shall provide the following: 5.1.1.8 The compliance and information statements specified
(1) Establishment of a coordinator and responsibilities by the in 5.1.2 or 5.1.3, as applicable for the specific ensemble or
manufacturer for the handling of safety alerts and prod‐ ensemble element, shall be legibly printed on the product
uct recalls label. All letters shall be at least 2.5 mm (3∕32 in.) high.
(2) Method of notifying all dealers, distributors, purchasers,
users, and the NFPA about the safety alert or product Δ 5.1.1.9 In addition to the compliance and information state‐
recall that can be initiated within a 1-week period follow‐ ments required by 5.1.1.8, at least the following information
ing the manufacturer's decision to issue a safety alert or shall also be printed legibly on the product label(s) and shall
to conduct a product recall, or after the manufacturer has be at least 1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) high:
been directed by the certification organization to issue a (1) Manufacturer’s name, identification, or designation
safety alert or conduct a product recall (2) Manufacturer's address
(3) Techniques for communicating accurately and under‐ (3) Country of manufacture
standably the nature of the safety alert or product recall (4) Model, style, or serial number
and in particular the specific hazard or safety issue found (5) Size
to exist (6) Garment, glove, footwear, ensemble material(s)
(4) Procedures for removing product that is recalled and for (7) Visor material(s) if provided
documenting the effectiveness of the product recall (8) Glove element for the ensemble
(5) Plan for either repairing, or replacing, or compensating (9) Footwear element for the ensemble
purchasers for returned product (10) Hood element for the ensemble
(11) “Breathable (see manufacturer’s Technical Data Pack‐
age)” as required by 6.2.7
Chapter 5 Labeling and Information
Δ 5.1.1.10 Where detachable components, including but not
5.1 Product Labeling Requirements. limited to outer garments, outer gloves, or outer boots, must be
worn with an ensemble or ensemble element in order for the
5.1.1 General.
ensemble or ensemble element to be compliant with this stand‐
Δ 5.1.1.1 Each protective ensemble shall have a product label ard, at least the following statement and information shall also
permanently and conspicuously attached to, embossed on, or be printed legibly on the product label of the ensemble or
printed on each separable element of the ensemble when the ensemble element that requires an additional component. All

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 1994-20 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

letters shall be at least 1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) high. The appropriate 5.1.3 Glove and Footwear Elements Compliance Statements.
term ensemble or ensemble element shall be inserted where indica‐
ted in the label text. The statement shall be followed by the 5.1.3.1 Each glove element and footwear element shall have at
detachable component(s) type and identification and instruc‐ least the following compliance statement on the product label.
tions for proper wear. All letters shall be at least 2.5 mm (3∕32 in.) high. The appropri‐
ate number for the class of the ensemble 1, 2, 3, or 4; and the
“TO BE COMPLIANT WITH NFPA 1994, THE FOLLOWING appropriate term for the type of element, glove or footwear, shall
ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS MUST BE WORN IN be inserted where indicated in the label text.
CONJUNCTION WITH THIS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
AND CBRN PROTECTIVE [insert the term ENSEMBLE or “THIS CLASS [insert 1, 2, 2R, 3, 3R, 4, or 4R here] HAZARD‐
ENSEMBLE ELEMENT here]:” OUS MATERIALS AND CBRN PROTECTIVE [insert GLOVE
[The detachable component(s) information shall appear here.] or FOOTWEAR here] ELEMENT MEETS THE REQUIRE‐
MENTS OF NFPA 1994, STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE ENSEM‐
5.1.1.11 Detachable components specified in 5.1.1.10 shall be BLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
identified by the type of item, the manufacturer, and the style EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS,
or model number. 2018 EDITION, FOR THE ABOVE-NOTED CLASS.
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL”
5.1.1.12 The manufacturer shall be permitted to list the
detachable components in the technical data package. Where 5.1.3.2 Following the text in 5.1.3.1, the following statement
the manufacturer chooses to list detachable components in the shall be made on the product label. All letters shall be at least
technical data package, the manufacturer shall provide an 1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) high.
additional statement in the label statement required by 5.1.1.10
as follows: “THE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE CONTAINS INFORMA‐
TION ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND CBRN AGENTS
“SEE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE FOR A LIST OF FOR WHICH THIS (INSERT GLOVE OR FOOTWEAR
DETACHABLE COMPONENTS.” HERE) ELEMENT IS CERTIFIED. CONSULT THE TECHNI‐
CAL DATA PACKAGE AND MANUFACTURER’S
5.1.1.13 Detachable components specified in 5.1.1.10 shall INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE.
meet the label requirements specified in ASTM F1301, Standard DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.”
Practice for Labeling Chemical Protective Clothing.
Δ 5.1.3.3 Where footwear is designed and configured according
5.1.2 Ensemble Compliance Statements. to 6.4.10, the sock, the outer boot, and the integrity cover shall
5.1.2.1 Each protective ensemble shall have at least the follow‐ have at least the following compliance statement on each
ing compliance statement on the product label. All letters shall component, and all letters shall be at least 2.5 mm (3∕32 in.)
be at least 2.5 mm (3∕32 in.) high. The appropriate numeral for high:
the class of the ensemble, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the appropriate “THE [insert component], WHEN WORN WITH [insert other
term for the type of ensemble, encapsulating or nonencapsulating, two components], MEETS THE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
shall be inserted where indicated in the label text. AND CBRN FOOTWEAR REQUIREMENTS OF CLASS
“THIS CLASS [insert 1, 2, 2R, 3, 3R, 4, or 4R here] [insert 1, 2, 2R, 3, 3R, 4, or 4R] OF NFPA 1994, STANDARD
[insert ENCAPSULATING or NONENCAPSULATING here] ON PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND CBRN PROTECTIVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCIES AND CBRN
ENSEMBLE MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 1994, TERRORISM INCIDENTS, 2018 EDITION, FOR THE
STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST ABOVE-NOTED CLASS.
RESPONDERS TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCIES DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.”
AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS, 2018 EDITION, FOR N 5.1.4 Hood Elements Compliance Statements.
THE ABOVE-NOTED CLASS.
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.” N 5.1.4.1 Each Class 3, 3R, 4, or 4R hood element shall have at
least the following compliance statement on the product label.
5.1.2.2 Following the text in 5.1.2.1, the following statement
All letters shall be at least 2.5 mm (3∕32 in.) high. The appropri‐
shall be made on the product label. All letters shall be at least
ate number for the class of the ensemble (3 or 4) shall be inser‐
1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) high. ted where indicated in the label text.
“THE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE CONTAINS INFORMA‐ “THIS CLASS [insert 3, 3R, 4, or 4R here] CBRN PROTEC‐
TION ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND CBRN AGENTS TIVE HOOD ELEMENT MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF
FOR WHICH THIS ENSEMBLE IS CERTIFIED. CONSULT NFPA 1994, STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR
THE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE AND FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGEN‐
MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE. CIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS,
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.” 2018 EDITION, FOR THE ABOVE-NOTED CLASS.
N 5.1.2.3 Where the manufacturer specifies outer footwear DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL”
element options as permitted in 6.1.3.1, the following addi‐
tional language shall be provided as part of the product label:
"OUTER BOOT FOOTWEAR OPTIONS WORN WITH THIS
ENSEMBLE MUST MEASURE AT LEAST 200 MM (8 IN.)
HIGH AND BE CERTIFIED TO NFPA 1951, 1971, 1991,
1992, 1994, or 1999."

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 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-21

N 5.1.4.2 Following the text in 5.1.4.1, the following statement (3) Inspection frequency and details
shall appear on the product label. All letters shall be at least (4) Don/doff, as follows:
1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) high. (a) Donning and doffing procedures
“THE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE CONTAINS INFORMA‐ (b) Sizing and adjustment procedures
TION ON HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND CBRN AGENTS (c) Ensemble interface issues
FOR WHICH THIS HOOD ELEMENT IS CERTIFIED. (d) Respirator interface with ensemble
CONSULT THE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE AND (5) Proper use in accordance with the following:
MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USE. (a) NFPA 1500
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.” (b) For users in the United States, 29 CFR 1910.132,
N 5.1.5 Optional Compliance Statements. “Personal Protective Equipment”
(c) For users in other countries, a statement to advise
N 5.1.5.1 Where a protective ensemble meets the additional users to consult national or other applicable
optional requirements for flash fire protection, the protective personal protective equipment regulations
ensemble shall have the following additional compliance state‐ (6) Maintenance and cleaning, as follows:
ment as part of the product label. All letters shall be at least (a) Cleaning instructions and precautions with a state‐
1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) high. ment advising users not to use clothing or ensem‐
“THIS ENSEMBLE HAS BEEN CERTIFIED FOR LIMITED bles that are not thoroughly cleaned and dried
CHEMICAL FLASH FIRE PROTECTION ESCAPE ONLY IN (b) Inspection details
THE EVENT OF A CHEMICAL FLASH FIRE. (c) Maintenance criteria and repair methods, where
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.” applicable
(d) Decontamination procedures for both chemical/
N 5.1.5.2 Where the protective ensemble has also been evalu‐ biological contamination
ated to the optional stealth requirements, the protective (7) Retirement and disposal criteria and consideration
ensemble shall have the following additional statement as part
of the product label. All letters shall be at least 1.6 mm (1∕16 in.) 5.2.4 The manufacturer shall state the storage life for all
high. hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and
ensemble elements.
“THIS ENSEMBLE HAS BEEN EVALUATED TO THE
OPTIONAL STEALTH REQUIREMENTS OF THIS STAND‐ 5.3 Technical Data Package.
ARD. REFER TO THE TECHNICAL DATA PACKAGE FOR 5.3.1* The manufacturer shall furnish a technical data pack‐
SPECIFIC INFORMATION. age for the hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensemble
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL.” and ensemble elements upon the request of the purchaser.
5.2 User Information. 5.3.2* The technical data package shall contain all documen‐
5.2.1 The manufacturer shall provide user information includ‐ tation required by this standard and the values obtained from
ing, but not limited to, warnings, information, and instructions the initial certification showing compliance with the require‐
with each individual hazardous materials and CBRN protective ments of Chapter 7 in the current edition of this standard,
ensemble and ensemble element. using the reporting formats provided in Table 5.3.2(a) and
Table 5.3.2(b) for each ensemble, element, material, or compo‐
5.2.2 The manufacturer shall attach the required user infor‐ nent, as applicable.
mation, or packaging containing the user information, to
hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensembles and N 5.3.2.1 The technical data package information shall indicate
ensemble elements in such a manner that it is not possible to “Pass” for those requirements where there is no quantitative
use the hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensemble value reported and “Not applicable” for specific requirements
and ensemble elements without being aware of the availability that do not apply to the protective ensemble.
of the information. N 5.3.2.2 The manufacturer shall be permitted to make modifi‐
Δ 5.2.3 The manufacturer shall provide at least the following cations in the tabular format in order to accommodate specific
instructions and information with each hazardous materials product features or additional materials as applicable to the
and CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble element: certified product.
(1) Pre-use information, as follows: 5.3.3 In the technical data package, the manufacturer shall
describe the hazardous materials and CBRN protective ensem‐
(a) Safety considerations
ble and ensemble elements in terms of manufacturer trade
(b) Limitations of use
name and model number, manufacturer replaceable compo‐
(c) Ensemble element marking recommendations and
nents, available options, accessories, testing devices, and sizes.
restrictions
(d) Statement that most performance properties of the 5.3.4* In the technical data package, the manufacturer shall
ensemble and ensemble elements cannot be tested describe the available sizes of the hazardous materials and
by the user in the field CBRN protective ensemble and ensemble elements.
(e) Closure lubricants, if applicable
(f) Visor antifog agents or procedures, if applicable 5.3.4.1 Descriptions of size shall include the range in height
(g) Recommended undergarments and weight for persons fitting each particular size for ensem‐
(h) Respirator considerations for ensembles bles, or sizes specific in Chapter 6 for glove, hood, and foot‐
(i) Warranty information wear elements.
(2) Recommended storage practices

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 1994-22 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Format for Reporting Certification Test Data in Technical Data Package

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Class 1 Ensembles
Nonencapsulating ensemble Liquidtight integrity Procedure A of ASTM No liquid penetration
or encapsulating ensemble F1359/F1359M
(Section 8.4)
Overall inward leakage Section 8.2 PPDFi ≥ 871
(MIST)
PPDFsys ≥ 441
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B, in Test subject completes task
and integrity ASTM F1154 ≤20 minutes
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
Test subject properly identifies 3 out
of 4 numbers on NFPA 704 placard
at each angle
Gastight integrity ASTM F1052 (Section 8.26) Ending suit pressure ≥80 mm
(≥3 5∕32 in.) water gauge
Encapsulating ensemble Overall ensemble function ASTM F1154 (Section 8.3) Time to remove and reinsert hands in
and integrity gloves 5 times ≤2.5 minutes
Maximum ensemble Section 8.27 Internal suit pressure ≤150 mm
ventilation rate (≤6 in.) water gauge
External fitting Gastight integrity ASTM F1052 (Section 8.26) Ending suit pressure ≥80 mm
(≥3 5∕32 in.) water gauge
External fittings intended Pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
External fittings not Pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min
leakage (≤1.83 in.3/min)1.8
Class 1 Garment Elements
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥200 N (≥45 lbf)
Sock materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥156 N (≥35 lbf)
Garment materials Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥49 N (≥11 lbf)
resistance
Sock materials Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥31 N (≥7 lbf)
resistance
Garment materials Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection
of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Garment materials Flammability resistance ASTM F1358 (Section 8.28) Afterflame time of ≤2.0 s and does not
melt and drip
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥67 N/25 mm
strength (≥15 lbf/1 in.)
Class 1 Garment Visors
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Materials Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
resistance Z87.1 (Section 8.13) holes, or fractures
Materials Flammability resistance ASTM F1358 (Section 8.28) Afterflame time of ≤2.0 s and does not
melt and drip
(continues)

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 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-23

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥67 N/25 mm
strength (≥15 lbf/1 in.)
Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Class 1 Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥15 N (≥3.8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Flammability resistance ASTM F1358 (Section 8.28) Afterflame time of ≤2.0 s and does not
melt and drip
Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <300%
Class 1 Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
Flammability resistance ASTM F1358 (Section 8.28) Afterflame time of ≤2.0 s and does not
melt and drip
Upper materials Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss not >250 mm3
(>0.015 in.3)
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.1.4.1, 7.1.4.2, 7.1.4.3, 7.1.4.4,
7.1.4.6, and 7.1.4.7
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement in 7.1.4.3
Class 2 Ensembles
Liquidtight integrity Procedure A of ASTM No liquid penetration
F1359/F1359M
(Section 8.4)
(continues)

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 1994-24 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Overall inward leakage Section 8.2 PPDFi ≥ 481
(MIST)
PPDFsys ≥ 328
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B in Test subject completes task
and integrity ASTM F1154 ≤20 minutes
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
External fittings intended Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
External fittings not Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min
leakage (≤1.83 in.3/min)
Class 2 Garment Elements
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥156 N (≥35 lbf)
Garment materials Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥31 N (≥7 lbf)
resistance
Garment materials Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 2 Garment Visors
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Materials Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
resistance Z87.1 (Section 8.13) holes, or fractures
Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 2 Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
(continues)

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 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-25

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Class 2 Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥15 N (≥3.8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <300%
Materials and seams Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671 (Section 8.21) No penetration for ≥1 hr
Class 2 Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
Upper materials Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss will not be
>250 mm3 (>0.015 in.3)
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.2.4.1, 7.2.4.2, 7.2.4.3, 7.2.4.4,
7.2.4.6, and 7.2.4.7
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement in 7.2.4.3
Class 2R Ensembles
Liquidtight integrity Procedure A of ASTM No liquid penetration
F1359/F1359M
(Section 8.4)
Overall inward leakage Section 8.2 PPDFi ≥ 481
(MIST)
PPDFsys ≥ 328
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B, in Test subject completes task
and integrity ASTM F1154 ≤20 minutes
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
External fittings intended Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
(continues)

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2018 Edition
 1994-26 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

External fittings not Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min
leakage (≤1.83 in.3/min)
Class 2R Garment Elements
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥200 N (≥45 lbf)
Sock materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥ 156 N (≥35 lbf)
Garment materials Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥49 N (≥11 lbf)
resistance
Sock materials Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥31 N (≥7 lbf)
resistance
Garment materials Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥67 N/25 mm
strength (≥15 lbf/1 in.)
Class 2R Garment Visors
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Materials Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
resistance Z87.1 (Section 8.13) holes, or fractures
Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥67 N/25 mm
strength (≥15 lbf/1 in.)
Class 2R Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342 (Section 8.15) Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Class 2R Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥15 N (≥3.8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
(continues)

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-27

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <300%
Materials and seams Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Class 2R Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
ASTM F2412 Meets ASTM F2413, for impact-,
compression-, and puncture-
resistant footwear with the
exception of flex resistance to
cracking
Upper materials Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss not >250 mm3
(0.015 in3)
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.3.4.1, 7.3.4.2, 7.3.4.3, 7.3.4.4,
7.3.4.6, and 7.3.4.7, excluding
7.3.4.5
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement in 7.3.4.3
Class 3 Ensembles
Liquidtight integrity Procedure A of ASTM No liquid penetration
F1359/F1359M
(Section 8.4)
Overall inward leakage Section 8.2 PPDFi ≥ 160
(MIST)
PPDFsys ≥ 69
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B, in Test subject completes task
and integrity ASTM F1154 ≤20 minutes
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
External fittings intended Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
External fittings not Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min
leakage (≤1.83 in.3/min)
(continues)

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2018 Edition
 1994-28 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Class 3 Garment Elements
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥25 N
resistance (≤5 3∕5 lbf)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Total heat loss Section 8.8 ≥200 W/m2
Evaporative resistance ISO 11092 (Section 8.20) ≤30 Pa m2/W
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 3 Garment Visors
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Materials Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA
resistance Z87.1
Section 8.13 No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
holes, or fractures
Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 3 Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Class 3 Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥9 N (≥2 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤1∕2 in. lbf) at an angular deflection
of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <200%
Materials and seams Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671 (Section 8.21) No penetration for ≥1 hr
Class 3 Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
(continues)

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-29

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Upper materials Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss not >250 mm3
>250 mm3 (>0.015 in 3)
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3, 7.4.4.4,
7.4.4.6, and 7.4.4.7
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Footwear designed and (1) Booties sock meets the
configured according to requirements specified in 7.4.4.2
6.4.10 and 7.4.4.3
(2) Outer boot meets the
requirements specified in 7.4.4.4
and 7.4.4.5
(3) Integrity cover meets the
requirements in 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.7, and
7.4.4.9
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement specified in 7.4.4.3
Class 3 Hood Elements
Meet all of the applicable
requirements specified in 7.4.1
Elastomeric interface Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
material (Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Class 3R Ensembles
Liquidtight integrity Procedure A of ASTM No liquid penetration
F1359/F1359M
(Section 8.4)
Overall inward leakage Section 8.2 PPDFi ≥ 160
(MIST)
PPDFsys ≥ 69
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B, in Test subject completes task
and integrity ASTM F1154 ≤20 minutes
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
External fittings intended Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
(continues)

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2018 Edition
 1994-30 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

External fittings not Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min
leakage (≤1.83 in.3/min)
Class 3R Garment Elements
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥156 N (≥35 lbf)
Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥31 N (≥7 lbf)
resistance
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Total heat loss Section 8.8 ≥200 W/m2
Evaporative resistance ISO 11092 (Section 8.20) ≤30 Pa m2/W
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 3R Garment Visors
Materials and seams Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Materials Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr.
(Section 8.21)
Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
resistance Z87.1 (Section 8.13) holes, or fractures
Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 3R Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection
of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Class 3R Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥15 N (≥3.8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
(continues)

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-31

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <200%
Materials and seams Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671 (Section 8.21) No penetration for ≥1 hr
Class 3R Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
Upper materials Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss not >250 mm3
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.5.4.1, 7.5.4.2, 7.5.4.3, 7.5.4.4,
7.5.4.5, and 7.5.4.7, excluding
7.5.4.6
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Footwear designed and (1) Booties sock meets the
configured according to requirements specified in 7.5.4.2
6.4.10 and 7.5.4.3
(2) Outer boot meets the
requirements specified in 7.5.4.4
and 7.5.4.5
(3) Integrity cover meets the
requirements in 7.5.4.1, 7.5.4.7, and
7.5.4.9
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement specified in 7.5.4.4
Class 3R Hood Elements
Meet all of the applicable
requirements specified in 7.5.1
Elastomeric interface Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
material (Section 8.29)
Chemical permeation Section 8.7 See Table
resistance 5.3.2(b).
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Class 4 Ensembles
Overall particulate inward Section 8.5 No visual particulate inward leakage
leakage
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B, in Test subject completes task ≤15 min.
and integrity ASTM F1154
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
(continues)

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2018 Edition
 1994-32 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
External fittings intended Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
External fittings (not Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications)
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min (1.83 in3/
leakage min)
Class 4 Garment Elements
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥25 N (≥5 3∕5 lbf)
resistance
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Total heat loss Section 8.8 ≥450 W/m2
Evaporative resistance ISO 11092 (Section 8.20) ≤30 Pa m2/W
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 4 Garment Visors
Materials Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
resistance Z87.1 (Section 8.13) holes, or fractures
Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 4 Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Class 4 Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥9 N (≥2 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <200%
Materials and seams Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
(continues)

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-33

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Class 4 Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
Upper materials Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss not >250 mm3
(>0.015 in3)
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.6.4.1, 7.6.4.2, 7.6.4.3, 7.6.4.4,
7.6.4.6, and 7.6.4.7, excluding
7.6.4.5
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Footwear designed and (1) Socks meet the requirements
configured according to specified in 7.6.4.2
6.4.10
(2) Outer boot meets the
requirements specified in 7.6.4.3
and 7.6.4.4
(3) Integrity cover meets the
requirements in 7.6.4.1, 7.6.4.7, and
7.6.4.8
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement in 7.6.4.3
Class 4 Hood Elements
Meet all the applicable requirements
specified in 7.6.1
Elastomeric interface Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
material (Section 8.29)
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 ≥4 MPa (≥580 psi)
(Section 8.29)
Class 4R Ensembles
Overall particulate inward Section 8.5 No visual particulate inward leakage
leakage
Overall ensemble function Procedures A and B, in Test subject completes task ≤15 min
and integrity ASTM F1154
(Section 8.3)
Accommodates head protection
devices meeting ANSI/ISEA Z89.1
(Type 1, Class G)
Protective flap remains closed over
closure system
Test subject has visual acuity through
facepiece lens and visor 20/35 or
better
External fittings intended Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥1000 N (≥225 lbf)
for tethered applications
(continues)

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2018 Edition
 1994-34 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

External fittings (not Fitting pull out strength Section 8.6 Strength ≥135 N (≥30 lbf)
intended for tethered
applications)
Exhaust valves Exhaust valve mounting Section 8.24 Strength ≥135 N (30 lbf)
strength
Exhaust valve inward Section 8.25 Leakage rate ≤30 mL/min
leakage (≤1.83 in.3/min)
Class 4R Garment Elements
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Garment materials Burst strength Section 8.9 Strength ≥156 N (≥35 lbf)
Puncture propagation tear ASTM D2582 (Section 8.10) Tear resistance ≥31 N (≥7 lbf)
resistance
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Total heat loss Section 8.8 ≥450 W/m2
Evaporative resistance ISO 11092 (Section 8.20) ≤30 Pa m2/W
Seams and closure assemblies Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 4R Garment Visors
Materials Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Visor high-mass impact Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA No full-thickness punctures, cracks,
resistance Z87.1 (Section 8.13) holes, or fractures
Material seams Seam/closure breaking ASTM D751 (Section 8.12) Breaking strength ≥34 N/25 mm
strength (≥7.5 lbf/1 in.)
Class 4R Elastomeric Interface Materials
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
(Section 8.29)
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf)at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Class 4R Glove Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥15 N (≥3.8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Cold temperature ASTM D747 (Section 8.11) Bending moment of ≤0.057 N·m
performance (≤0.5 in.·lbf) at an angular
deflection of 60°at −25°C (−13°F)
Glove hand function ASTM F2010/F2010M Average % increase over barehanded
(Section 8.16) control <200%
Materials and seams Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Class 4R Footwear Elements
Liquidtight integrity ASTM D5151 with No liquid penetration
modifications
(Section 8.22)
(continues)

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 LABELING AND INFORMATION 1994-35

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Slip resistance ISO 13287 (Section 8.19) Coefficient of friction ≥0.40
Upper materials Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥36 N (≥8 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Viral penetration resistance ASTM F1671/F1671M No penetration for ≥1 hr
(Section 8.21)
Soles and heels Abrasion resistance ISO 4649 (Section 8.17) Relative volume loss not >250 mm3
(>0.015 in3)
Footwear covers Meet the requirements specified in
7.7.4.1, 7.7.4.2, 7.7.4.3, 7.7.4.4,
7.7.4.6, and 7.7.4.8, excluding
7.7.4.5
Abrasion resistance ASTM D3884 (Section 8.23) Show no wear-through after
3000 cycles
Footwear designed and (1) Socks meet the requirements
configured according to specified in 7.7.4.2
6.4.10
(2) Outer boot meets the
requirements specified in 7.7.4.3
and 7.7.4.4
(3) Integrity cover meets the
requirements in 7.7.4.1, 7.7.4.7, and
7.7.4.8
Socks Outer boot of the footwear element
meets the minimum height
requirement specified in 6.4.3 and
the cut resistance performance
requirement in 7.7.4.3
Class 4R Hood Elements
Meet all the applicable requirements
specified in 7.7.1
Elastomeric interface Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Elongation at rupture ≥125%
material (Section 8.29)
Cut resistance ASTM F1790 (Section 8.14) Blade travel distance of ≥20 mm
(≥0.8 in.)
Puncture resistance ASTM F1342/F1342M Puncture resistance of ≥7 N (≥1.6 lbf)
(Section 8.15)
Ultimate tensile strength Method A of ASTM D412 Ultimate tensile strength of ≥4 MPa
(Section 8.29) (≥580 psi)
Optional Chemical Flash Fire Protection
Ensembles or elements Overall ensemble flash Section 8.30 Afterflame times ≤2 s
No liquid penetration
Hood with visor Visual acuity of 20⁄100
Garment materials, visor, Heat transfer performance ASTM F2700 (Section 8.32) ≥12 cal/cm2 (>4 in.)
glove, footwear, and
elastomeric interface
materials
Garment materials, visor, Flammability resistance Method A of ASTM D412 Will not burn at a distance >100 mm
glove, footwear, and (Section 8.29) (>4 in.), will not sustain burning for
elastomeric interface >2 s, and will not melt and drip
materials
Class 1 ensembles and Meet applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.1
Class 2 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.2
Class 2R ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.3
Class 3 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.4
Class 3R ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.5
(continues)

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 1994-36 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N Table 5.3.2(a) Continued

Ensemble or Element Performance Requirement Test Method Requirement Result

Class 4 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.6
Class 4R ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.7
Optional Stealth Requirements
Ensembles Audible signature Section 8.34 Report
Garment, glove, footwear, Color/Visibility Section 8.33 Y brightness value <25, with an L*
and hood outer materials value <55
Class 1 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.1
Class 2 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.2
Class 2R ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.3
Class 3 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.4
Class 3R ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.5
Class 4 ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.6
Class 4R ensembles and Meet the applicable requirements in
elements Section 7.7

N Table 5.3.2(b) Format for Reporting Certification Permeation Test Data in Technical Data Package

Time Footwear
Test Interval Minimum Garment Garment Visor Visor Glove Upper Hood
Chemical Concentrationa (min) Requirementb Material Seam Material Seam Material Material Material
Acrolein (vapor) 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Acrylonitrile (vapor) 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Anhydrous ammonia 15 ≤2.0
(gas) 60 ≤6.0
Chlorine (gas) 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Diethylamine (vapor)c 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Dimethyl sulfate (liquid) 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Ethyl acetate (vapor)c 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Sulfuric acid, 15 ≤2.0
96.1% w/wc 60 ≤6.0
Tetrachloroethylene 15 ≤2.0
(liquid)c 60 ≤6.0
Toluene (liquid)c 15 ≤2.0
60 ≤6.0
Distilled mustard 15 ≤1.33
(liquid) 60 ≤4.0
Soman (liquid) 15 ≤0.43
60 ≤1.25
a
Indicate either liquid challenge level (Class 1 — 20 g/m2 or Class 2/3 — 10 g/m2) or gas concentration (Class 1 — 1%, Class 2 — 350 ppm, Class 3
— 40 ppm).
b
All values are cumulative permeation mass reported values in μg/cm2.
c
Chemicals for Class 1 only

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 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1994-37

5.3.4.2 Descriptions also shall provide information to the 5.3.5.5 The manufacturer shall describe, in the technical data
wearer as to whether these sizes apply to persons wearing self- package, the type of seams or methods of attachment for the
contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or other respirators, following garment material and component combinations, if
hard hats, communications devices, and other similar equip‐ applicable:
ment. (1) Garment material–garment material
5.3.5 Garment Material and Component Descriptions. (2) Garment material–visor
(3) Garment material–glove
5.3.5.1 Where specific clothing items and equipment are (4) Garment material–footwear
required for certifying hazardous materials and CBRN protec‐ (5) Garment material–garment closure
tive ensembles and ensemble elements to this standard, the (6) Outer cover–outer cover
manufacturer shall list these clothing items and equipment in (7) Hood material–visor material
the technical data package. (8) Hood material–hood material
Δ 5.3.5.2 The manufacturer shall provide, in the technical data (9) Hood material–garment materials
package, the list and descriptions of the following hazardous (10) Sock material–garment material (if the sock material is
materials and CBRN protective ensemble materials and ensem‐ different from the garment material)
ble elements, if applicable: (11) Hood–respirator

(1) Garment material

(2) Visor material Chapter 6 Design Requirements
(3) Glove material and type of attachment
(4) Footwear material and type of attachment 6.1 Protective Ensemble Requirements.
(5) Hood material and type of attachment 6.1.1 Ensembles shall have at least the applicable design
(6) Zipper/closure type and materials requirements specified in this section where inspected by the
(7) Material seam types and composition certification organization as specified in Section 4.3, Inspection
(8) Exhaust valve types and material(s) and Testing.
(9) External fitting types and material(s)
(10) External interface types and material(s) 6.1.2 Ensembles shall be designed to protect the wearer’s
(11) Outer garment, glove, or footwear material(s) upper and lower torso, head, hands, and feet.
(12) Manufacturer and specific model of respirator(s) tested
with the ensemble 6.1.3 Ensemble elements shall include protective garments,
(13) Type or style of head protection accommodated within protective gloves, protective hoods, and protective footwear.
the suit N 6.1.3.1 Where socks are used as part of the protective ensem‐
5.3.5.3 All descriptions of material composition shall specify ble, the manufacturer shall permit the use of any NFPA 1994
either the generic material names or trade names if the compo‐ footwear element, or any outer boot of the footwear element
sition of the material is proprietary. For separate items or that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971, NFPA 1991,
detachable components, the description shall also include the NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, that also meets the minimum
manufacturer and style or model number. height requirement specified in 6.4.3.
•
Δ 5.3.5.4 Descriptions of respective materials and components 6.1.4 Ensembles shall be permitted to be designed as either
shall include the following information, if applicable: encapsulating or non-encapsulating, and shall be so designated
on the product label as specified in 5.1.2.1.
(1) Visor material; the availability of permanent detachable
covers and films 6.1.5 Any ensemble certified as Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, or
(2) Gloves, as follows: Class 4 shall be permitted to also be certified to any other or
both other class ensembles covered in NFPA 1994.
(a) Type of linings or surface treatments
(b)* Available glove sizes and dimensional data for size 6.1.6 Ensembles shall be designed to accommodate the respi‐
determination rators specified by the manufacturer for the specific ensemble.
(3) Footwear, as follows:
6.1.7 All respirators specified by the ensemble manufacturer
(a) Type of linings or surface treatments for inclusion in Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, or Class 4 ensembles
(b) Type of soles or special toe reinforcements shall be certified by the National Institute for Occupational
(c) Available footwear sizes Safety and Health (NIOSH) as compliant with the Statement of
(4) Garment closure, as follows: Standard for NIOSH CBRN SCBA Testing, the Statement of Standard
(a) Material(s) of construction for the closure, includ‐ for NIOSH CBRN APR Testing, or the Statement of Standard for
ing chain, slide, pull, and tape for zippers NIOSH CBRN PAPR Testing. All respirators shall cover the eyes,
(b) Location and length of the completed closure nose, and mouth at a minimum.
assembly 6.1.7.1 All respirators specified in 6.1.7 for inclusion in Class 1
(c) Description of any protective covers for flaps and Class 2 ensembles shall be CBRN self-contained breathing
(d) Other clothing items (e.g., outer garments), type apparatus (SCBA).
and how used with ensemble

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 1994-38 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

6.1.7.2 Where the respirator specified in 6.1.7 is an open- 6.4.2 Footwear shall have at least the applicable design
circuit SCBA, the SCBA shall also be certified as compliant with requirements specified in this section where inspected by the
NFPA 1981 or NFPA 1986. certification organization as specified in Section 4.3, Inspection
and Testing.
6.1.7.3* The interface and integration of the selected respira‐
tor with the protective ensemble shall not invalidate the 6.4.3 Footwear shall provide protection of not less than
NIOSH certification of the respirator. 200 mm (8 in.) in height when measured from the plane of the
sole bottom.
6.2 Garment Element Requirements. •
6.4.4 Protective footwear shall be offered in at least six unique
6.2.1 Garments shall have at least the applicable design and different sizes. Where offered, hazardous materials and
requirements specified in this section where inspected by the CBRN terrorism incident protective footwear covers shall
certification organization as specified in Section 4.3, Inspection accommodate the offered protective footwear sizes.
and Testing.
6.4.5 Any metal parts of footwear shall not penetrate from the
6.2.2 Garments shall be designed and configured to protect at outside into the lining or insole at any point.
least the wearer's upper and lower torso, arms, and legs and the
head with the respirator. 6.4.6 No metal parts of footwear, including but not limited to
nails or screws, shall be present or utilized in the construction
6.2.3 Where used, an attached hood shall be designed and or attachment of the sole with heel to the puncture-resistant
configured to protect the wearer's head and neck, but shall be device, insole, or upper.
permitted to exclude the face.
6.4.7 All hardware and external fittings shall be free of rough
6.2.4 Where garments incorporate integrated socks, the socks spots, burrs, or sharp edges that could abrade or tear primary
shall be designed as an extension of the garment leg and shall materials.
cover the entire foot and ankle.
6.4.8 Class 1 and Class 2 footwear elements shall have a heel
6.2.5 Garments shall be offered in at least four unique and breast not less than 13 mm (1∕2 in.) nor more than 25 mm
different sizes. (1 in.).
6.2.6 All garment hardware and external fittings shall be free 6.4.9 For Class 1 and Class 2 footwear elements, the toe
of rough spots, burrs, or sharp edges that could abrade or tear impact- and compression-resistant components and the sole
primary materials. puncture-resistant components shall be integral and nonre‐
N 6.2.7* Where the manufacturer designates the garment movable parts of the footwear.
portion of the Class 2 ensembles as “breathable,” the following 6.4.10 Footwear shall be allowed to be designed and config‐
shall apply: ured of a single component or of multiple components.
(1) The total heat loss shall be measured as specified in •
Section 8.8, Total Heat Loss Test. N 6.5 Hood Elements Requirements.
(2) The evaporative resistance shall be measured as specified N 6.5.1 Separate hood elements shall be permitted for Class 3
in Section 8.19, Evaporative Resistance Test. and Class 4 ensembles only.
(3) The results for the total heat loss evaporative resistance
shall be provided in the technical data package. N 6.5.2 Hoods shall be designed and configured to protect the
(4) “Breathable (see manufacturer’s Technical Data Pack‐ wearer’s head and neck.
age)” shall be added to the product label as specified in N 6.5.2.1 Hoods shall be permitted to include a visor.
5.1.1.9(10).
N 6.5.2.2 Hoods shall be permitted to have a face opening that
6.3 Glove Element Requirements. provides an interface with a specific respirator facepiece.
6.3.1 Gloves shall have at least the applicable design require‐ N 6.5.2.2.1 Hoods that include a respirator interface shall be
ments specified in this section where inspected by the certifica‐ designed to accommodate the respirator(s) specified by the
tion organization as specified in Section 4.3, Inspection and manufacturer for the specific hood.
Testing.
N 6.5.2.2.2 All respirators specified by the hood manufacturer
6.3.2 Gloves shall provide protection from the fingertips to at shall be certified by the National Institute for Occupational
least 25 mm (1 in.) beyond the wrist crease. Safety and Health (NIOSH) as compliant with the Statement of
•
6.3.3 In order to label or otherwise represent a glove that Standard for NIOSH CBRN SCBA Testing, the Statement of Standard
meets the requirements of this standard, the manufacturer for NIOSH CBRN APR Testing, or the Statement of Standard for
shall provide gloves in not less than five separate and distinct NIOSH CBRN PAPR Testing. All respirators shall cover the eyes,
sizes. nose, and mouth at a minimum.
6.3.4 All hardware and external fittings shall be free of rough N 6.5.2.3 The interface and integration of the selected respira‐
spots, burrs, or sharp edges that could abrade or tear primary tor with the protective hood shall not invalidate the NIOSH
materials. certification of the respirator.
6.4 Footwear Element Requirements. N 6.5.3 Where loose-fitting facepiece powered air-purifying
respirators (PAPR) are used as part of a nonencapsulating
N 6.4.1 Footwear elements shall be designed and configured to ensemble as specified by the manufacturer, the hood portion of
provide protection to the feet and ankles. the PAPR shall be considered a hood under this standard.

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-39

N 6.5.3.1 The hood portion of the PAPR shall be subject to the NFPA 704 based placard at each of the following angles:
performance criteria specified in 7.4.5 or 7.6.5. Upwards 36°, Downwards 30°, and Right and Left 60°.
N 6.5.3.2 The PAPR shall be certified by NIOSH as compliant N 7.1.1.3 Class 1 ensembles shall be tested for liquid tight integ‐
with the Statement of Standard for NIOSH CBRN PAPR Testing. rity as specified in Section 8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test, and
ensembles shall allow no liquid penetration.
N 6.5.4 All external fittings shall be free of rough spots, burrs, or
sharp edges that could tear primary materials. N 7.1.1.3.1 Where outer gloves are designed to be worn in
conjunction with gloves attached to the ensemble, the outer
N 6.6 Optional Chemical Flash Fire Protection Design Require‐ gloves shall not collect liquid.
ments. Where protective ensembles or elements rely on exter‐
nal clothing items or multiple layers to meet the performance N 7.1.1.3.2 Where outer boots are designed to be worn in
requirements in Section 7.8, Optional Chemical Flash Fire conjunction with socks, the outer boots shall not collect liquid.
Escape Protection Requirements, the ensemble or elements
shall be designed so that all layers or separate parts are securely N 7.1.1.4 Encapsulating Ensembles shall be tested for airflow
attached, and the ensembles are provided as single integrated capacity as specified in Section 8.26, Maximum Ensemble
units. Ventilation Rate Test, and shall exhibit no internal pressures
greater than 150 mm (6 in.) water gauge pressure, and shall
N 6.7 Optional Stealth Design Requirements. Where protective show an ending pressure of at least 80 mm (35∕32 in.) water
ensembles or elements are designed to meet the performance gauge pressure after subsequent testing for gastight integrity as
requirements in Section 7.9, Optional Stealth Requirements, specified in Section 8.25, Gastight Integrity Test.
the complete ensemble and all elements shall be subject to the
applicable requirements. N 7.1.1.5 Ensembles on which external fittings are installed that
penetrate any primary materials shall be tested for gastight
integrity as specified in Section 8.25, Gastight Integrity Test,
Chapter 7 Performance Requirements and show an ending pressure of at least 80 mm (35∕32 in.) water
gauge.
N 7.1 Class 1 Ensembles.
N 7.1.1.6 External fittings installed in Class 1 ensembles that are
N 7.1.1 Class 1 Ensemble General Requirements. intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out
strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength
N 7.1.1.1* Class 1 ensembles shall be tested for overall inward
Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N
leakage as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test
(225 lbf).
(MIST), and shall have a geometric mean local physiological
protective dosage factor (PPDFi) value at each passive adsorb‐ N 7.1.1.6.1 External fittings installed in Class 1 ensembles that
ent dosimeter (PAD) location for the four ensembles tested of are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for
no less than 871 and a geometric mean systemic physiological pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out
protective dosage factor (PPDFsys) value for each of the four Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than
tested ensembles of no less than 441. 135 N (30 lbf).
N 7.1.1.2 Class 1 ensembles shall be tested for overall function as N 7.1.1.7 Exhaust valves installed in Class 1 ensembles shall be
specified in Section 8.3, Overall Ensemble Function and Integ‐ tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23,
rity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all tasks Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure
within 20 minutes, and shall allow no liquid penetration in force greater than 135 N (30 lbf).
subsequent liquidtight integrity testing as specified in Section
N 7.1.1.8 Exhaust valves installed in Class 1 ensembles shall be
8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test 1, and the garment closure shall
tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust
remain engaged during the entire garment function testing.
Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage rate
N 7.1.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garment shall accommo‐ exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min).
date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐
ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI Z89.1, Standard on N 7.1.2 Class 1 Garment Element Requirements.
Industrial Head Protection. N 7.1.2.1 Class 1 garment materials and seams shall be tested for
N 7.1.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20∕35 or better Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
through the combination of the hood visor and the respirator performance criteria:
facepiece lens. (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
N 7.1.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐ sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
garment function test. age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
N 7.1.1.2.4 Where the ensemble is of an encapsulated design, it interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
shall permit the test subject to remove and reinsert their hand (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
into the glove system 5 times sequentially within a period of agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
2.5 minutes or less. idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
N 7.1.1.2.5 Where the ensemble includes a hood with a visor cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
that covers the respirator facepiece, the garment shall permit shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
the test subject to property identify 3 out of 4 numbers on the

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 1994-40 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
(4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
N 7.1.2.2 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for bursting (4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals
strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative
shall have a bursting strength of not less than 200 N (45 lbf). permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
N 7.1.2.2.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 1 garment materials the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9, interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not N 7.1.2.8.2 Class 1 garment visor materials shall be tested for
less than 156 N (35 lbf). high mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor
N 7.1.2.3 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for puncture High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall not have a full-
propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Punc‐ thickness puncture, cracks, holes, or fractures.
ture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a punc‐ N 7.1.2.8.3 Class 1 garment visor materials shall be tested for
ture propagation tear resistance of not less than 49 N (11 lbf). resistance to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27,
N 7.1.2.3.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 1 garment materials and shall have an afterflame time of not greater than
shall be tested for puncture propagation tear resistance as 2.0 seconds and shall not melt and drip.
specified in Section 8.10, Puncture Propagation Tear Resist‐ N 7.1.2.8.4 Class 1 garment visor material seams shall be tested
ance Test, and shall have a puncture propagation tear resist‐ for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure
ance of not less than 31 N (7 lbf). Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
N 7.1.2.4 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for cold not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold N 7.1.2.9 Class 1 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements.
Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐ N 7.1.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F). gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as
specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
N 7.1.2.5 Class 1 garment materials shall be tested for resistance
to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, and shall N 7.1.2.9.2 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric
have an afterflame time of not greater than 2.0 seconds and interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
shall not melt and drip. tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7,
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the
N 7.1.2.6 Class 1 garment seams shall be tested for seam following performance criteria:
strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking
Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.). agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
N 7.1.2.7 Class 1 garment closure assemblies shall be tested for tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.). (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
N 7.1.2.8 Class 1 Garment Visor Requirements. agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
N 7.1.2.8.1 Class 1 garment visor materials and seams shall be in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
following performance criteria: (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute (4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-41

N 7.1.2.9.3 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric N 7.1.3.4 Class 1 glove materials shall be tested for puncture
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance
tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐ Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than
ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 15 N (3.8 lbf).
20 mm (0.8 in.).
N 7.1.3.5 Class 1 glove materials shall be tested for cold weather
N 7.1.2.9.4 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not
tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in. lbf) at an angular deflection of
Puncture Resistance Test 1, shall have a puncture resistance of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
N 7.1.3.6 Class 1 glove materials shall be tested for resistance to
N 7.1.2.9.5 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, and shall have
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be an afterflame time of not greater than 2.0 seconds and shall
tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, not melt and drip.
Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi). N 7.1.3.7 Class 1 gloves shall be tested for hand function as
specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall
N 7.1.2.9.6 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric have an average percent increase over barehanded control less
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be than 300 percent.
tested for cold weather performance as specified in
Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall N 7.1.4 Class 1 Footwear Element Requirements.
have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 N 7.1.4.1 Class 1 footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integrity
in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at –25°C (–13°F). as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and
N 7.1.2.9.7 Where the Class 1 garment includes elastomeric shall show no leakage.
interface materials, each interface material shall be tested for N 7.1.4.2 Class 1 footwear upper materials shall be tested for
resistance to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
Flammability Resistance Test, and shall have an afterflame time Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
of not greater than 2.0 seconds and shall not melt and drip. performance criteria:
N 7.1.3 Class 1 Glove Element Requirements. (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
N 7.1.3.1 Class 1 gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
show no leakage. age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
N 7.1.3.2 Class 1 glove materials and seams shall be tested for interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
performance criteria: idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ (4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative N 7.1.4.3 Class 1 footwear upper materials shall be tested for cut
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute shall have the distance of blade travel not be less than 20 mm
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. (0.8 in.).
(4) For permeation testing of the gas industrial chemicals
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 1, the average cumulative N 7.1.4.4 Class 1 footwear upper materials shall be tested for
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. less than 36 N (8 lbf).

N 7.1.3.3 Class 1 glove materials shall be tested for cut resistance N 7.1.4.5 Class 1 footwear soles and heels shall be tested for
as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐
the distance of blade travel not be less than 20 mm (0.8 in.). ance Test 1, and the relative volume loss shall not be greater
than 250 mm3 (0.015 in.3).

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 1994-42 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 7.1.4.6 Class 1 footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as 7.2.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐
specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall
coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater. garment function test.
N 7.1.4.7 Class 1 footwear materials shall be tested for resistance 7.2.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 2 ensembles that are
to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, and shall intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out
have an afterflame time of not greater than 2.0 seconds and strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength
shall not melt and drip. Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N
(225 lbf).
N 7.1.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 1 footwear N 7.2.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 2 ensembles that
covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.1.4.1, 7.1.4.2, are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for
7.1.4.3, 7.1.4.4, 7.1.4.6, and 7.1.4.7, excluding 7.1.4.5. pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than
N 7.1.4.9 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐ 135 N (30 lbf).
wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 1 footwear
covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in 7.2.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 2 ensembles shall be
Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23,
wear-through after 3000 cycles. Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure
force greater than 135 N (30 lbf).
N 7.1.4.10 Class 1 footwear shall meet the performance require‐
ments specified in ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for 7.2.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 2 ensembles shall be
Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear, for tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust
impact-, compression-, and puncture-resistant footwear with the Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage rate
exception that flex resistance to cracking shall not be evalu‐ exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min).
ated. Testing shall be performed as specified in ASTM F2412,
Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection. 7.2.2 Class 2 Garment Element Requirements.

N 7.1.4.11 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble Δ 7.2.2.1 Class 2 garment materials and seams shall be tested for
and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971, Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the performance criteria:
footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
specified in 6.4.3 and the cut resistance performance require‐ agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl)
ment specified in 7.1.4.3. sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 µg/cm2, and the aver‐
7.2 Class 2 Ensembles.
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
7.2.1 Class 2 Ensemble General Requirements. interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
7.2.1.1* Class 2 ensembles shall be tested for overall inward agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
leakage as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
(MIST), and shall have a geometric mean local physiological in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 µg/cm2, and the average
protective dosage factor (PPDFi) value at each PAD location for cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
the four ensembles tested of no less than 481 and a geometric shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
mean systemic physiological protective dosage factor (PPDFsys) (3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial
value for each of the four tested ensembles of no less than 328. chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumu‐
lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
7.2.1.2 Class 2 ensembles shall be tested for overall function as
and the average cumulative permeation for the first
specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and Integ‐
15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
rity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all tasks
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐
within 20 minutes, and shall allow no liquid penetration in
trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average
subsequent liquidtight integrity testing as specified in
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
Section 8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test 1, and the garment
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
closure shall remain engaged during the entire garment func‐
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
tion testing.
7.2.2.2 Class 2 garment materials shall be tested for bursting
7.2.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garment shall accommo‐
strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and
date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐
shall have a bursting strength of not less than 156 N (35 lbf).
ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American
National Standard on Industrial Head Protection. 7.2.2.3 Class 2 garment materials shall be tested for puncture
propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Punc‐
7.2.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall
ture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a punc‐
permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or
ture propagation tear resistance of not less than 31 N (7 lbf).
better through the combination of the hood visor and the
respirator facepiece lens.

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-43

7.2.2.4 Class 2 garment materials shall be tested for cold N 7.2.2.9 Class 2 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements.
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending N 7.2.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐
moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐ gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F). specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.

7.2.2.5 Class 2 garment seams shall be tested for seam N 7.2.2.9.2 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric
strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7,
than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.). Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the
following performance criteria:
7.2.2.6 Class 2 garment closure assemblies shall be tested for (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl)
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐
not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.). tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
7.2.2.7 Class 2 garment materials and seams shall be tested for age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
1 hour. idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
7.2.2.8 Class 2 Garment Visor Requirements. cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
Δ 7.2.2.8.1 Class 2 garment visor materials and seams shall be shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, (3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumu‐
following performance criteria: lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
and the average cumulative permeation for the first
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ N 7.2.2.9.3 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. 20 mm (0.8 in.).
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial N 7.2.2.9.4 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric
chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumu‐ interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15,
and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15- Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist‐
minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐
trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average N 7.2.2.9.5 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28,
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi).
7.2.2.8.2 Class 2 garment visor materials shall be tested for
high mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor N 7.2.2.9.6 Where the Class 2 garment includes elastomeric
High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- interface materials, each elastomeric interface gasket material
thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or factures. shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in
• Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall
7.2.2.8.3 Class 2 garment visor material seams shall be tested have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2
for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at –25°C (–13°F).
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.). 7.2.3 Class 2 Glove Element Requirements.
7.2.2.8.4 Class 2 garment visor materials shall be tested for 7.2.3.1 Class 2 gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow show no leakage.
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
1 hour. Δ 7.2.3.2 Class 2 glove materials and seams shall be tested for
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical

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 1994-44 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
performance criteria: agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐ cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute (3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial speci‐
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. fied in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumulative permea‐
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and the
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2, the average cumu‐ the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, 7.2.4.3 Class 2 footwear upper materials shall be tested for cut
and the average cumulative permeation for the first resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and
15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. shall have the distance of blade travel not be less than 20 mm
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐ (0.8 in.).
trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2 the average
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 7.2.4.4 Class 2 footwear upper materials shall be tested for
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not
less than 36 N (8 lbf).
7.2.3.3 Class 2 glove materials shall be tested for cut resistance
as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have 7.2.4.5 Class 2 footwear soles and heels shall be tested for
the distance of blade travel not be less than 20 mm (0.8 in.). abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐
ance Test 1, and the relative volume loss shall be not greater
7.2.3.4 Class 2 glove materials shall be tested for puncture than 250 mm3 (0.015 in.3).
resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test
1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 15 N 7.2.4.6 Class 2 footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as
(3.8 lbf). specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a
coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
7.2.3.5 Class 2 glove materials shall be tested for cold weather
performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature 7.2.4.7 Class 2 footwear upper material shall be tested for
Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F). no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
1 hour.
7.2.3.6 Class 2 gloves shall be tested for hand function as
specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall 7.2.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
have an average percent increase over barehanded control less wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 2 footwear
than 300 percent. covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.2.4.1, 7.2.4.2,
7.2.4.3, 7.2.4.4, 7.2.4.6, and 7.2.4.7, excluding 7.2.4.5.
7.2.3.7 Class 2 glove materials and seams shall be tested for
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in 7.2.4.9 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 2 footwear
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in
1 hour. Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no
wear-through after 3000 cycles.
7.2.4 Class 2 Footwear Element Requirements.
Δ 7.2.4.10 Class 2 footwear shall meet the performance require‐
7.2.4.1 Class 2 footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integrity ments specified in ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for
as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear, for
shall show no leakage. impact-, compression-, and puncture-resistant footwear with the
Δ 7.2.4.2 Class 2 footwear upper materials shall be tested for exception that flex resistance to cracking shall not be evalu‐
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical ated. Testing shall be performed as specified in ASTM F2412,
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection.
performance criteria: Δ 7.2.4.11 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the
agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971,
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐ NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. specified in 7.2.4.3.

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-45

N 7.3 Class 2R Ensembles. (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
N 7.3.1 Class 2R Ensemble General Requirements. idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
N 7.3.1.1* Class 2R ensembles shall be tested for overall inward in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
leakage as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
(MIST), and shall have a geometric mean local physiological shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
protective dosage factor (PPDFi) value at each PAD location for (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
the four ensembles tested of no less than 481 and a geometric specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average cumulative
mean systemic physiological protective dosage factor (PPDFsys) permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
value for each of the four tested ensembles of no less than 328. the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
N 7.3.1.2 Class 2R ensembles shall be tested for overall function (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
as specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average
Integrity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
tasks within 20 minutes, and shall allow no liquid penetration 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
in subsequent liquidtight integrity testing as specified in the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
Section 8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test 1, and the garment
closure shall remain engaged during the entire garment func‐ N 7.3.2.2 Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for bursting
tion testing. strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and
shall have a bursting strength of not less than 200 N (45 lbf).
N 7.3.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garments shall accommo‐
date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐ N 7.3.2.2.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 2R garment materials
ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American shall be tested for bursting strength as specified in Section 8.9,
National Standard on Industrial Head Protection. Burst Strength Test, and shall have a bursting strength of not
less than 156 N (35 lbf).
N 7.3.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall
permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or N 7.3.2.3 Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for punc‐
better through the combination of the hood visor and the ture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10,
respirator facepiece lens. Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a
puncture propagation tear resistance of not less than 49 N
N 7.3.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐ (11 lbf).
tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall
garment function test. N 7.3.2.3.1 If used as part of a sock, Class 2R garment materials
shall be tested for puncture propagation tear resistance as
N 7.3.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 2R ensembles that specified in Section 8.10, Puncture Propagation Tear Resist‐
are intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull- ance Test, and shall have a puncture propagation tear resist‐
out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out ance of not less than 31 N (7 lbf).
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than
1000 N (225 lbf). N 7.3.2.4 Class 2R garment materials shall be tested for cold
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
N 7.3.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 2R ensembles that Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐
pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than
135 N (30 lbf). N 7.3.2.5 Class 2R garment seams shall be tested for seam
strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking
N 7.3.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 2R ensembles shall be Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less
tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23, than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure
force greater than 135 N (30 lbf). N 7.3.2.6 Class 2R garment closure assemblies shall be tested for
closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure
N 7.3.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 2R ensembles shall be Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.).
Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage rate
exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min). N 7.3.2.7 Class 2R garment materials and seams shall be tested
for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
N 7.3.2 Class 2R Garment Element Requirements. Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
N 7.3.2.1 Class 2R garment materials and seams shall be tested 1 hour.
for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following N 7.3.2.8 Class 2R Garment Visor Requirements.
performance criteria:
N 7.3.2.8.1 Class 2R garment visor materials and seams shall be
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7,
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ following performance criteria:
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]

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 1994-46 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare N 7.3.2.9.3 Where the Class 2R garment includes elastomeric
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval 20 mm (0.8 in.).
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. N 7.3.2.9.4 Where the Class 2R garment includes elastomeric
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average cumulative tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15,
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist‐
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial N 7.3.2.9.5 Where the Class 2R garment includes elastomeric
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28,
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi).
N 7.3.2.8.2 Class 2R garment visor materials shall be tested for N 7.3.2.9.6 Where the Class 2R garment includes elastomeric
high mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- tested for cold weather performance as specified in
thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or fractures. Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall
have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m
N 7.3.2.8.3 Class 2R garment visor material seams shall be tested (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C
for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure (−13°F).
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
not less than 67 N/25 mm (15 lbf/1 in.). N 7.3.3 Class 2R Glove Element Requirements.
N 7.3.2.8.4 Class 2R garment visor materials shall be tested for N 7.3.3.1 Class 2R gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow shall show no leakage.
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least N 7.3.3.2 Class 2R glove materials and seams shall be tested for
1 hour. permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
N 7.3.2.9 Class 2R Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements. Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
performance criteria:
N 7.3.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐
gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test. agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
N 7.3.2.9.2 Where the Class 2R garment includes elastomeric tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
following performance criteria: agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average cumulative
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average cumulative the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and N 7.3.3.3 Class 2R glove materials shall be tested for cut resist‐
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute ance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-47

N 7.3.3.4 Class 2R glove materials shall be tested for puncture ance Test 1, and the relative volume loss shall be not greater
resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance than 250 mm3 (0.015 in.3).
Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than
15 N (3.8 lbf). N 7.3.4.6 Class 2R footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as
specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a
N 7.3.3.5 Class 2R glove materials shall be tested for cold coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending N 7.3.4.7 Class 2R footwear upper material shall be tested for
moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐ resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F). Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
N 7.3.3.6 Class 2R gloves shall be tested for hand function as 1 hour.
specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall
have an average percent increase over barehanded control less N 7.3.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
than 300 percent. wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 2R foot‐
wear covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.3.4.1,
N 7.3.3.7 Class 2R glove materials and seams shall be tested for 7.3.4.2, 7.3.4.3, 7.3.4.4, 7.3.4.6 and 7.3.4.7, excluding 7.3.4.5.
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow N 7.3.4.9 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 2R foot‐
1 hour. wear covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified
in Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no
N 7.3.4 Class 2R Footwear Element Requirements. wear-through after 3000 cycles.
N 7.3.4.1 Class 2R footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integ‐ N 7.3.4.10 Class 2R footwear shall meet the performance
rity as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, requirements specified in ASTM F2413, Standard Specification for
and shall show no leakage. Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear, for
impact-, compression-, and puncture-resistant footwear with the
N 7.3.4.2 Class 2R footwear upper materials shall be tested for
exception that flex resistance to cracking shall not be evalu‐
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
ated. Testing shall be performed as specified in ASTM F2412,
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection.
performance criteria:
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare N 7.3.4.11 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971,
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare specified in 7.3.4.3.
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ 7.4 Class 3 Ensembles.
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average 7.4.1 Class 3 Ensemble General Requirements.
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
7.4.1.1* Class 3 ensembles shall be tested for overall inward
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
leakage as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
(MIST), and shall have a geometric mean local physiological
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average cumulative
protective dosage factor (PPDFi) value at each PAD location for
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
the four ensembles tested of no less than 160 and a geometric
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
mean systemic physiological protective dosage factor (PPDFsys)
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial value for each of the four ensembles tested of no less than 69.
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 2R, the average 7.4.1.2 Class 3 ensembles shall be tested for overall function as
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and Integ‐
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for rity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all tasks
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. within 20 minutes and shall allow no liquid penetration in
N 7.3.4.3 Class 2R footwear upper materials shall be tested for subsequent liquidtight integrity testing as specified in
cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, Section 8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test 1; the garment closure
and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm shall remain engaged during the entire garment function test‐
(0.8 in.). ing.

N 7.3.4.4 Class 2R footwear upper materials shall be tested for 7.4.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garments shall accommo‐
puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐
Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American
less than 36 N (8 lbf). National Standard on Industrial Head Protection.

N 7.3.4.5 Class 2R footwear soles and heels shall be tested for 7.4.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall
abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐ permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or

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 1994-48 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

better through the combination of the hood visor and the Δ 7.4.2.4 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for puncture
respirator facepiece lens. propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Punc‐
ture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a punc‐
7.4.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐ ture propagation tear resistance of not less than 25 N (5.6 lbf).
tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall
garment function test. 7.4.2.5 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for cold
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
7.4.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 3 ensembles that are Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐
strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N
(225 lbf). 7.4.2.6 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
tive heat transfer as specified in Section 8.8, Total Heat Loss
N 7.4.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 3 ensembles that
Test, and shall have a total heat loss of not less than 200 W/m2.
are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for
pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out N 7.4.2.7 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than tive resistance as specified in Section 8.19, Evaporative Resist‐
135 N (30 lbf). ance Test, and shall have an evaporative resistance of not
7.4.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 3 ensembles shall be greater than 30 Pa·m2/W.
tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23, 7.4.2.8 Class 3 garment seams shall be tested for seam
Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking
force greater than 135 N (30 lbf). Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less
7.4.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 3 ensembles shall be than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust 7.4.2.9 Class 3 garment closure assemblies shall be tested for
Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure
rating exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min). Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.4.2 Class 3 Garment Element Requirements.
7.4.2.10 Class 3 Garment Visor Requirements.
Δ 7.4.2.1 Class 3 garment materials and seams shall be tested for
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical N 7.4.2.10.1 Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested
performance criteria: according to Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare Δ 7.4.2.10.2 Class 3 visor materials and seams shall be tested for
agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐ Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ performance criteria:
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu‐ idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
and the average cumulative permeation for the first cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐ (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumulative
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of gas and vapor toxic industrial
7.4.2.2 Class 3 garment materials and seams shall be tested for chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu‐
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow and the average cumulative permeation for the first
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
1 hour.
7.4.2.10.3 Class 3 garment visor materials shall be tested for
7.4.2.3 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for bursting high-mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor
strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full-
shall have a bursting strength of not less than 135 N (30 lbf). thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or fractures.
•

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-49

7.4.2.10.4 Class 3 garment visor material seams shall be tested have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m
for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at –25°C
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of (–13°F).
not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
7.4.3 Class 3 Glove Element Requirements.
N 7.4.2.10.5 Class 3 garment visor materials shall be tested for
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in 7.4.3.1 Class 3 gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least show no leakage.
1 hour. 7.4.3.2 Class 3 glove materials and seams shall be tested for
N 7.4.2.11 Class 3 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements. permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
N 7.4.2.11.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐ performance criteria:
gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test. agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl)
N 7.4.2.11.2 Where the Class 3 garment includes elastomeric sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
following performance criteria: (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute (3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu‐
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ and the average cumulative permeation for the first
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu‐ the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
and the average cumulative permeation for the first 7.4.3.3 Class 3 glove materials and seams shall be tested for
15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐ Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 1 hour.
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. 7.4.3.4 Class 3 glove materials shall be tested for cut resistance
as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have
N 7.4.2.11.3 Where the Class 3 garment includes elastomeric the distance of blade travel be not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐ 7.4.3.5 Class 3 glove materials shall be tested for puncture
ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance
20 mm (0.8 in.). Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 9 N
(2 lbf).
N 7.4.2.11.4 Where the Class 3 garment includes elastomeric
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be 7.4.3.6 Class 3 glove materials shall be tested for cold weather
tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature
Puncture Resistance Test 1, shall have a puncture resistance of Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not
not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf). greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of
60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
N 7.4.2.11.5 Where the Class 3 garment includes elastomeric
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be 7.4.3.7 Class 3 gloves shall be tested for hand function as
tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall
Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate have an average percent increase over barehanded control less
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi). than 200 percent.

N 7.4.2.11.6 Where the Class 3 garment includes elastomeric 7.4.4 Class 3 Footwear Element Requirements.
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be 7.4.4.1 Class 3 footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integrity
tested for cold weather performance as specified in as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and
Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall shall show no leakage.

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1994-50 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

7.4.4.2 Class 3 footwear upper materials shall be tested for (2) The outer boot shall meet the requirements specified in
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical 7.4.4.4 and 7.4.4.5.
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following (3) The integrity cover shall meet the requirements in
performance criteria: 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.7, and 7.4.4.9.
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare N 7.4.4.11 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble
agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl) and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐ footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971,
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare specified in 7.4.4.4.
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation N 7.4.5 Class 3 Hood Element Requirements.
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average N 7.4.5.1 Where a Class 3 protective hood is provided as a sepa‐
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval rate element and is not attached to the garment, the Class 3
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. protective hood shall meet all of the applicable requirements
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial specified in 7.4.1, with the exception of 7.4.2.6 and 7.4.2.7
chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu‐ when the hood is part of a CBRN PAPR.
lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
and the average cumulative permeation for the first 15- N 7.4.5.2* Where the Class 3 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐
minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. face material, the elastomeric material shall have an elongation
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor toxic indus‐ at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as specified
trial chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for N 7.4.5.3 Where the Class 3 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested
for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
7.4.4.3 Class 3 footwear upper materials and seams shall be Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as performance criteria:
specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for agent sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis (2-chloroethyl)
at least 1 hour. sulfide, CAS 505-60-2], the average cumulative permea‐
7.4.4.4 Class 3 footwear upper materials shall be tested for cut tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
shall have the distance of blade travel not be less than 20 mm interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
(0.8 in.). (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
7.4.4.5 Class 3 footwear upper materials shall be tested for idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
less than 36 N (8 lbf). shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
7.4.4.6 Class 3 footwear soles and heels shall be tested for (3) For permeation testing of the liquid toxic industrial
abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐ chemical specified in 8.7.6, the average cumulative
ance Test, and the relative volume loss shall be not greater than permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
250 mm3.
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
7.4.4.7 Class 3 footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3, the average cumu‐
coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater. lative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2,
and the average cumulative permeation for the first
7.4.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐ 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 3 footwear
covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, N 7.4.5.4 Where the Class 3 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐
7.4.4.3, 7.4.4.4, 7.4.4.5, and 7.4.4.7, excluding 7.4.4.6. face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested
for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance
7.4.4.9 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐ Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than
wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 3 footwear 20 mm (0.8 in.).
covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in
Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no N 7.4.5.5 Where the Class 3 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐
wear-through after 3000 cycles. face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested
for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture
7.4.4.10 Where footwear is designed and configured accord‐ Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not
ing to 6.4.10 the following requirements shall be met: less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
(1) The integrated sock shall meet the requirements speci‐
fied in 7.4.4.2 and 7.4.4.3.

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-51

N 7.4.5.6 Where the Class 3 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐ (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, Ulti‐ sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
mate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi). age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
N 7.5 Class 3R Ensembles. (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
N 7.5.1 Class 3R Ensemble General Requirements. agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
N 7.5.1.1* Class 3 ensembles shall be tested for overall inward in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
leakage as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
(MIST), and shall have a geometric mean local physiological shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
protective dosage factor (PPDFi) value at each PAD location for (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
the four ensembles tested of no less than 160 and a geometric specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative
mean systemic physiological protective dosage factor (PPDFsys) permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
value for each of the four ensembles tested of no less than 69. the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
N 7.5.1.2 Class 3R ensembles shall be tested for overall function (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
as specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average
Integrity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
tasks within 20 minutes and shall allow no liquid penetration in 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
subsequent liquidtight integrity testing as specified in the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
Section 8.4, Liquidtight Integrity Test 1; the garment closure
shall remain engaged during the entire garment function test‐ N 7.5.2.2 Class 3R garment materials and seams shall be tested
ing. for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
N 7.5.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garments shall accommo‐ no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐ 1 hour.
ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American
National Standard on Industrial Head Protection. N 7.5.2.3 Class 3R garment materials shall be tested for bursting
strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and
N 7.5.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall shall have a bursting strength of not less than 156 N (35 lbf).
permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or
better through the combination of the hood visor and the N 7.5.2.4 Class 3R garment materials shall be tested for punc‐
respirator facepiece lens. ture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10,
Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a
N 7.5.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐ puncture propagation tear resistance of not less than 31 N
tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall (7 lbf).
garment function test.
N 7.5.2.5 Class 3R garment materials shall be tested for cold
N 7.5.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 3R ensembles that weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
are intended for tethered operations shall be tested for pull-out Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength
moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐
Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
(225 lbf).
N 7.5.2.6 Class 3R garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
N 7.5.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 3R ensembles that
tive heat transfer as specified in Section 8.8, Total Heat Loss
are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for
pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Test, and shall have a total heat loss of not less than 200 W/m2.
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than N 7.5.2.7 Class 3R garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
135 N (30 lbf). tive resistance as specified in Section 8.19, Evaporative Resist‐
N 7.5.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 3R ensembles shall be ance Test, and shall have an evaporative resistance of not
tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23, greater than 30 Pa·m2/W.
Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure N 7.5.2.8 Class 3R garment seams shall be tested for seam
force greater than 135 N (30 lbf). strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking
N 7.5.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 3R ensembles shall be Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less
tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage N 7.5.2.9 Class 3R garment closure assemblies shall be tested for
rating exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min). closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure
N 7.5.2 Class 3R Garment Element Requirements. Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
N 7.5.2.1 Class 3R garment materials and seams shall be tested
for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
performance criteria:

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 1994-52 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 7.5.2.10 Class 3R Garment Visor Requirements. cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
N 7.5.2.10.1 Class 3R visor materials and seams shall be tested (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
performance criteria: the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] (4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute 6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ N 7.5.2.11.3 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. 20 mm (0.8 in.).
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals N 7.5.2.11.4 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15,
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist‐
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf).
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average N 7.5.2.11.5 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28,
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi).
N 7.5.2.10.2 Class 3R garment visor materials shall be tested for
high-mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor N 7.5.2.11.6 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric
High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or factures. tested for cold weather performance as specified in
Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall
N 7.5.2.10.3 Class 3R garment visor material seams shall be have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m
tested for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/ (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C
Closure Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking (−13°F).
strength of not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
N 7.5.3 Class 3R Glove Element Requirements.
N 7.5.2.10.4 Class 3R garment visor materials shall be tested for
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in N 7.5.3.1 Class 3R gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bateriophage for at least shall show no leakage.
1 hour. N 7.5.3.2 Class 3R glove material and seams shall be tested for
N 7.5.2.11 Class 3R Elastomeric Interface Material Require‐ permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical
ments. Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following
performance criteria:
N 7.5.2.11.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐
gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as (1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test. agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
N 7.5.2.11.2 Where the Class 3R garment includes elastomeric tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2.
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the (2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
following performance criteria: agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute (3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-53

(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial N 7.5.4.3 Class 3R footwear upper materials and seams shall be
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average tested for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed specified in Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for shall allow no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. at least 1 hour.
N 7.5.3.3 Class 3R glove materials and seams shall be tested for N 7.5.4.4 Class 3R footwear upper materials shall be tested for
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test,
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least (0.8 in.).
1 hour.
N 7.5.4.5 Class 3R footwear upper materials shall be tested for
N 7.5.3.4 Class 3R glove materials shall be tested for cut resist‐ puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture
ance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not
have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.). less than 36 N (8 lbf).
N 7.5.3.5 Class 3R glove materials shall be tested for puncture N 7.5.4.6 Class 3R footwear soles and heels shall be tested for
resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐
Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than ance Test, and the relative volume shall not be greater than
15 N (3.8 lbf). 250 mm3.
N 7.5.3.6 Class 3R glove materials shall be tested for cold N 7.5.4.7 Class 3R footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a
Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F). N 7.5.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 3R foot‐
N 7.5.3.7 Class 3R gloves shall be tested for hand function as wear covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.5.4.1,
specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall 7.5.4.2, 7.5.4.3, 7.5.4.4, 7.5.4.5, and 7.5.4.7, excluding 7.5.4.6.
have an average percent increase over barehanded control less
than 200 percent. N 7.5.4.9 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 3R foot‐
N 7.5.4 Class 3R Footwear Element Requirements. wear covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified
in Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no
N 7.5.4.1 Class 3R footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integ‐
wear-through after 3000 cycles.
rity as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2,
and shall show no leakage. N 7.5.4.10 Where footwear is designed and configured accord‐
ing to 6.4.10, the following requirements shall be met:
N 7.5.4.2 Class 3R footwear upper material shall be tested for
permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7, Chemical (1) The socks shall meet the requirements specified in 7.5.4.2
Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the following and 7.5.4.3.
performance criteria: (2) The outer boot shall meet the requirements specified in
7.5.4.4 and 7.5.4.5.
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
(3) The integrity cover shall meet the requirements in
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl]
7.5.4.1, 7.5.4.7, and 7.5.4.9.
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ N 7.5.4.11 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971,
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average specified in 7.5.4.4.
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2. N 7.5.5 Class 3R Hood Element Requirements.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals N 7.5.5.1 Where a Class 3R protective hood is provided as a sepa‐
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative rate element and is not attached to the garment, the Class 3R
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and protective hood shall meet all of the applicable requirements
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute specified in 7.5.1, with the exception of 7.5.2.6 and 7.5.2.7
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. when the hood is part of a CBRN PAPR.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average N 7.5.5.2* Where the Class 3R hood includes an elastomeric
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed interface material, the elastomeric interface material shall have
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for an elongation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. tested as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength
Test.

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 1994-54 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 7.5.5.3 Where the Class 3R hood includes an elastomeric better through the combination of the hood visor and the
interface material, the elastomeric interface material shall be respirator facepiece lens.
tested for permeation resistance as specified in Section 8.7,
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, and shall meet the 7.6.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐
following performance criteria: tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall
garment function test.
(1) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare
agent sulfur mustard, distilled (HD, or bis [2-chloroethyl] 7.6.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 4 ensembles that are
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2), the average cumulative permea‐ intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull-out
tion in 1 hour shall not exceed 4.0 μg/cm2, and the aver‐ strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out Strength
age cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than 1000 N
interval shall not exceed 1.33 μg/cm2. (225 lbf).
(2) For permeation testing of the liquid chemical warfare N 7.6.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 4 ensembles that
agent soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐ are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for
idate, CAS 96-64-0), the average cumulative permeation pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out
in 1 hour shall not exceed 1.25 μg/cm2, and the average Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than
cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute interval 135 N (30 lbf).
shall not exceed 0.43 μg/cm2.
(3) For permeation testing of the liquid industrial chemicals 7.6.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 4 ensembles shall be
specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average cumulative tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23,
permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed 6.0 μg/cm2, and Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure
the average cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute force greater than 135 N (30 lbf).
interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2.
(4) For permeation testing of the gas and vapor industrial 7.6.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 4 ensembles shall be
chemicals specified in 8.7.6 for Class 3R, the average tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust
cumulative permeation in 1 hour shall not exceed Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage
6.0 μg/cm2, and the average cumulative permeation for rating exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min).
the first 15-minute interval shall not exceed 2.0 μg/cm2. 7.6.2 Class 4 Garment Element Requirements.
N 7.5.5.4 Where the Class 3R hood includes an interface gasket, 7.6.2.1 Class 4 garment materials and seams shall be tested for
the elastomeric interface material shall be tested for cut resist‐ resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
ance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.). no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
N 7.5.5.5 Where the Class 3R hood includes an interface gasket, 1 hour.
the elastomeric interface material shall be tested for puncture 7.6.2.2 Class 4 garment materials shall be tested for bursting
resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and
Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 7 N shall have a bursting strength of not less than 135 N (30 lbf).
(1.6 lbf).
7.6.2.3 Class 4 garment materials shall be tested for puncture
N 7.5.5.6 Where the Class 3R hood includes an interface gasket, propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10, Punc‐
the elastomeric interface material shall be tested for ultimate ture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a punc‐
tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile ture propagation tear resistance of not less than 25 N (53∕5 lbf).
Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not
less than 4 MPa (580 psi). 7.6.2.4 Class 4 garment materials shall be tested for cold
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
7.6 Class 4 Ensembles. Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
7.6.1 Class 4 Ensemble General Requirements. moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
7.6.1.1 Class 4 ensembles shall be tested for overall particulate
inward leakage as specified in Section 8.5, Particle Inward 7.6.2.5 Class 4 garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
Leakage Test, and shall allow no visual particulate inward leak‐ tive heat transfer as specified in Section 8.8, Total Heat Loss
age. Test, and shall have a total heat loss of not less than 450 W/m2.
7.6.1.2 Class 4 ensembles shall be tested for overall function as N 7.6.2.6 Class 3 garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and Integ‐ tive resistance as specified in Section 8.19, Evaporative Resist‐
rity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all tasks ance Test, and shall have an evaporative resistance of not
within 15-minutes; the garment closure shall remain engaged greater than 30 Pa·m2/W.
during the entire garment function testing.
7.6.2.7 Class 4 garment seams shall be tested for seam
7.6.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garments shall accommo‐ strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking
date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐ Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less
ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
National Standard on Industrial Head Protection. •
7.6.2.8 Class 4 Garment Visor Requirements.
7.6.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall
permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or 7.6.2.8.1 Class 4 garment visor materials shall be tested for
high-mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-55

High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full- 7.6.4 Class 4 Footwear Element Requirements.
thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or fractures.
• 7.6.4.1 Class 4 footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integrity
7.6.2.8.2 Class 4 garment visor material seams shall be tested as specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and
for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure shall show no leakage.
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.). 7.6.4.2 Class 4 footwear upper material shall be tested for
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
N 7.6.2.9 Class 4 Elastomeric Interface Material Requirements. Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
N 7.6.2.9.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐ 1 hour.
gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as
specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test. 7.6.4.3 Class 4 footwear upper materials shall be tested for cut
resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and
N 7.6.2.9.2 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric shall have the distance of blade travel be not less than 20 mm
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be (0.8 in.).
tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐
ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 7.6.4.4 Class 4 footwear upper materials shall be tested for
20 mm (0.8 in.). puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture
Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not
N 7.6.2.9.3 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric less than 36 N (8 lbf).
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be
tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, 7.6.4.5 Class 4 footwear soles and heels shall be tested for
Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist‐ abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐
ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf). ance Test, and the volume loss shall be not greater than
250 mm3 (0.015 in.3).
N 7.6.2.9.4 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be 7.6.4.6 Class 4 footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as
tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a
Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (550 psi).
7.6.4.7 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
N 7.6.2.9.5 Where the Class 4 garment includes elastomeric wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4 footwear
interface materials, each elastomeric interface gasket material covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.6.4.1, 7.6.4.2,
shall be tested for cold weather performance as specified in 7.6.4.3, 7.6.4.4, 7.6.4.6, and 7.6.4.8, excluding 7.6.4.5.
Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall
have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 7.6.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at –25°C (–13°F). wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4 footwear
covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified in
7.6.3 Class 4 Glove Element Requirements. Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no
wear-through after 3000 cycles.
7.6.3.1 Class 4 gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity as
specified in Section 8.21, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and shall 7.6.4.9 Where footwear is designed and configured according
show no leakage. to Section 6.4.10, the following requirements shall be met:
7.6.3.2 Class 4 glove materials and seams shall be tested for (1) The integrated socks shall meet the requirements speci‐
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in fied in 7.6.4.2.
Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow (2) The outer boot shall meet the requirements specified in
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least 7.6.4.3 and 7.6.4.4.
1 hour. (3) The integrity cover shall meet the requirements specified
in 7.6.4.1, 7.6.4.7, and 7.6.4.8.
7.6.3.3 Class 4 glove materials shall be tested for cut resistance
as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall have N 7.6.4.10 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble
a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.). and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the
footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971,
7.6.3.4 Class 4 glove materials shall be tested for puncture NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the
resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement
Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 9 N specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement
(2 lbf). specified in 7.6.4.3.
7.6.3.5 Class 4 glove materials shall be tested for cold weather N 7.6.5 Class 4 Hood Element Requirements.
performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold Temperature
Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending moment of not N 7.6.5.1 Where a Class 4 protective hood is provided as a sepa‐
greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of rate element and is not attached to the garment, the Class 4
60 degrees at –25°C (–13°F). protective hood shall meet all of the applicable requirements
specified in 7.6.1, with the exception of 7.6.2.5 and 7.6.2.6
7.6.3.6 Class 4 gloves shall be tested for hand function as when the hood is part of a CBRN PAPR.
specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall
have an average percent increase over bare-handed control less N 7.6.5.2* Where the Class 4 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐
than 200 percent. face material, the elastomeric interface material shall have an

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 1994-56 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

elongation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested Valve Inward Leakage Test, and shall not exhibit a leakage
as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Strength Test. rating exceeding 30 mL/min (1.83 in.3/min).
N 7.6.5.3 Where the Class 4 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐ N 7.7.2 Class 4R Garment Element Requirements.
face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested
for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance N 7.7.2.1 Class 4R garment materials and seams shall be tested
Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than for resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
20 mm (0.8 in.). Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
N 7.6.5.4 Where the Class 4 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐ 1 hour.
face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested
for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture N 7.7.2.2 Class 4R garment materials shall be tested for bursting
Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not strength as specified in Section 8.9, Burst Strength Test, and
less than 7 N (1.6 lbf). shall have a bursting strength of not less than 156 N (35 lbf).

N 7.6.5.5 Where the Class 4 hood includes an elastomeric inter‐ N 7.7.2.3 Class 4R garment materials shall be tested for punc‐
face material, the elastomeric interface material shall be tested ture propagation tear resistance as specified in Section 8.10,
for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28, Ulti‐ Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, and shall have a
mate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate tensile puncture propagation tear resistance of not less than 31 N
strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi). (7 lbf).

N 7.7 Class 4R Ensembles. N 7.7.2.4 Class 4R garment materials shall be tested for cold
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold
N 7.7.1 Class 4R Ensemble General Requirements. Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
moment not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular
N 7.7.1.1 Class 4R ensembles shall be tested for overall particu‐
deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F).
late inward leakage as specified in Section 8.5, Particle Inward
Leakage Test, and shall allow no visual particulate inward leak‐ N 7.7.2.5 Class 4R garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
age. tive heat transfer as specified in Section 8.8, Total Heat Loss
N 7.7.1.2 Class 4R ensembles shall be tested for overall function Test, and shall have a total heat loss of not less than 450 W/m2.
as specified in Section 8.3, Overall Garment Function and N 7.7.2.6 Class 4R garment materials shall be tested for evapora‐
Integrity Test, and shall allow the test subject to complete all tive resistance as specified in Section 8.19, Evaporative Resist‐
tasks within 15 minutes; the garment closure shall remain ance Test, and shall have an evaporative resistance of not
engaged during the entire garment function testing. greater than 30 Pa·m2/W.
N 7.7.1.2.1 Where hoods are provided, garments shall accommo‐ N 7.7.2.7 Class 4R garment seams shall be tested for seam
date head protection devices meeting the dimensional require‐ strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure Breaking
ments of Type I, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of not less
National Standard on Industrial Head Protection. than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
N 7.7.1.2.2 Where hoods with visors are provided, garments shall N 7.7.2.8 Class 4R garment closure assemblies shall be tested for
permit the test subject to see with a visual acuity of 20/35 or closure strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure
better through the combination of the hood visor and the Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
respirator facepiece lens. not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
N 7.7.1.2.3 Where protective flaps cover the closure, the protec‐ N 7.7.2.9 Class 4R Garment Visor Requirements.
tive flaps shall remain closed for the duration of the overall
garment function test. N 7.7.2.9.1 Class 4R garment visor materials shall be tested for
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
N 7.7.1.3 External fittings installed in Class 4R ensembles that Section 8.20, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
are intended for tethered applications shall be tested for pull- no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out 1 hour.
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than
1000 N (225 lbf). N 7.7.2.9.2 Class 4R garment visor materials shall be tested for
high-mass impact resistance as specified in Section 8.13, Visor
N 7.7.1.3.1 External fittings installed in Class 4R ensembles that High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, and shall have no full-
are not intended for tethered applications shall be tested for thickness punctures, cracks, holes, or fractures.
pull-out strength as specified in Section 8.6, Fitting Pull-Out
Strength Test, and shall not have a failure force of less than N 7.7.2.9.3 Class 4R garment visor material seams shall be tested
135 N (30 lbf). for seam strength as specified in Section 8.12, Seam/Closure
Breaking Strength Test, and shall have a breaking strength of
N 7.7.1.4 Exhaust valves installed in Class 4R ensembles shall be not less than 34 N/25 mm (7.5 lbf/1 in.).
tested for mounting strength as specified in Section 8.23,
Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, and shall have a failure N 7.7.2.10 Class 4R Elastomeric Interface Material Require‐
force greater than 135 N (30 lbf). ments.
N 7.7.1.5 Exhaust valves installed in Class 4R ensembles shall be N 7.7.2.10.1* Elastomeric interface materials shall have an elon‐
tested for inward leakage as specified in Section 8.24, Exhaust gation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested as
specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.

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 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 1994-57

N 7.7.2.10.2 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric N 7.7.4.3 Class 4R footwear upper materials shall be tested for
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test,
tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐ and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm
ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than (0.8 in.).
20 mm (0.8 in.).
N 7.7.4.4 Class 4R footwear upper materials shall be tested for
N 7.7.2.10.3 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not
tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15, less than 36 N (8 lbf).
Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist‐
ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf). N 7.7.4.5 Class 4R footwear soles and heels shall be tested for
abrasion resistance as specified in Section 8.17, Abrasion Resist‐
N 7.7.2.10.4 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric ance Test 1, and the volume loss shall be not greater than
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be 250 mm3.
tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.29,
Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate N 7.7.4.6 Class 4R footwear shall be tested for slip resistance as
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi). specified in Section 8.18, Slip Resistance Test, and shall have a
coefficient of friction of 0.40 or greater.
N 7.7.2.10.5 Where the Class 4R garment includes elastomeric
interface materials, each elastomeric interface material shall be N 7.7.4.7 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
tested for cold weather performance as specified in wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4R foot‐
Section 8.11, Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall wear covers shall meet the requirements specified in 7.7.4.1,
have a bending moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m 7.7.4.2, 7.7.4.3, 7.7.4.4, 7.7.4.6, and 7.7.4.8, excluding 7.7.4.5.
(1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angular deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C N 7.7.4.8 Where the manufacturer specifies the use of a foot‐
(−13°F). wear cover to be worn over standard footwear, Class 4R foot‐
N 7.7.3 Class 4R Glove Element Requirements. wear covers shall be tested for abrasion resistance as specified
in Section 8.22, Abrasion Resistance Test 2, and shall show no
N 7.7.3.1 Class 4R gloves shall be tested for liquidtight integrity wear-through after 3000 cycles.
as specified in Section 8.22, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, and
shall show no leakage. N 7.7.4.9 Where footwear is designed and configured according
to 6.4.10, the following requirements shall be met:
N 7.7.3.2 Class 4R glove materials and seams shall be tested for
(1) The socks shall meet the requirements specified in
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in
7.7.4.2.
Section 8.21, Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
(2) The outer boot shall meet the requirements specified in
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least
7.7.4.3 and 7.7.4.4.
1 hour.
(3) The integrity cover shall meet the requirements specified
N 7.7.3.3 Class 4R glove materials shall be tested for cut resist‐ in 7.7.4.1, 7.7.4.7, and 7.7.4.8.
ance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resistance Test, and shall
N 7.7.4.10 Where socks are used as part of a protective ensemble
have a blade travel distance of not less than 20 mm (0.8 in.).
and the manufacturer permits the use of any outer boot of the
N 7.7.3.4 Class 4R glove materials shall be tested for puncture footwear element that is certified to NFPA 1951, NFPA 1971,
resistance as specified in Section 8.15, Puncture Resistance Test NFPA 1991, NFPA 1992, or NFPA 1999, the outer boot of the
1, and shall have a puncture resistance of not less than 15 N footwear element shall meet the minimum height requirement
(3.8 lbf). specified in 6.4.3 and cut resistance performance requirement
specified in 7.7.4.3.
N 7.7.3.5 Class 4R glove materials shall be tested for cold
weather performance as specified in Section 8.11, Cold N 7.7.5 Class 4R Hood Element Requirements.
Temperature Performance Test 1, and shall have a bending
N 7.7.5.1 Where a Class 4R protective hood is provided as a sepa‐
moment of not greater than 0.057 N·m (1∕2 in.·lbf) at an angu‐ rate element and is not attached to the garment, the Class 4R
lar deflection of 60 degrees at −25°C (−13°F). protective hood shall meet all of the applicable requirements
N 7.7.3.6 Class 4R gloves shall be tested for hand function as specified in 7.7.1, with the exception of 7.7.2.5 and 7.7.2.6
specified in Section 8.16, Glove Hand Function Test, and shall when the hood is part of a CBRN PAPR.
have an average percent increase over barehanded control less N 7.7.5.2* Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric
than 200 percent. interface material, the elastomeric gasket material shall have an
N 7.7.4 elongation at rupture of not less than 125 percent when tested
as specified in Section 8.28, Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
N 7.7.4.1 Class 4R footwear shall be tested for liquidtight integ‐
rity as specified in Section 8.22, Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, N 7.7.5.3 Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric
and shall show no leakage. interface material, the elastomeric gasket material shall be
tested for cut resistance as specified in Section 8.14, Cut Resist‐
N 7.7.4.2 Class 4R footwear upper material shall be tested for ance Test, and shall have a blade travel distance of not less than
resistance to liquid or bloodborne pathogens as specified in 20 mm (0.8 in.).
Section 8.21 Viral Penetration Resistance Test, and shall allow
no penetration of the Phi-X-174 bacteriophage for at least N 7.7.5.4 Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric
1 hour. interface material, the elastomeric interface material shall be
tested for puncture resistance as specified in Section 8.15,

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 1994-58 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Puncture Resistance Test 1, and shall have a puncture resist‐ N 7.9.6 Class 4 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also
ance of not less than 7 N (1.6 lbf). meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.6.
N 7.7.5.5 Where the Class 4R hood includes an elastomeric N 7.9.7 Class 4R ensembles and ensemble elements shall also
interface material, the elastomeric interface material shall be meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.8.
tested for ultimate tensile strength as specified in Section 8.28,
Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, and shall have an ultimate N 7.9.8 Garment, glove, footwear, and hood outer materials shall
tensile strength of not less than 4 MPa (580 psi). be tested for color/visibility in accordance with Section 8.31,
Color/Visibility Test Method, and shall have a Y brightness
N 7.8 Optional Chemical Flash Fire Escape Protection Require‐ value less than 25 and an L* value less than 55.
ments.
N 7.9.9 Ensembles shall be tested for audible signature as speci‐
N 7.8.1 Class 1 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also fied in Section 8.32, Audible Signature Test, and the audible
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.1. signature in dBA shall be reported on both the product label
and in the technical data package.
N 7.8.2 Class 2 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.2.
Chapter 8 Test Methods
N 7.8.3 Class 2R ensembles and ensemble elements shall also
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.3. 8.1 Sample Preparation Procedures.
N 7.8.4 Class 3 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also 8.1.1 Application.
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.4.
8.1.1.1 The sample preparation procedures contained in this
N 7.8.5 Class 3R ensembles and ensemble elements shall also section shall apply to each test method in this chapter, as specif‐
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.5. ically referenced in the sample section of each test method.
N 7.8.6 Class 4 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also 8.1.1.2 Only the specific sample preparation procedure or
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.6. procedures referenced in the sample section of each test
N 7.8.7 Class 4R ensembles and ensemble elements shall also method shall be applied to that test method.
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.8. 8.1.2 Room Temperature Conditioning Procedure for
N 7.8.8 Protective ensembles or elements shall be tested for Garments, Gloves, Footwear, Hoods, Garment Materials, Visor
overall flash protection as specified by Section 8.29, Overall Materials, Glove Materials, Footwear Materials, Hood Materi‐
Ensemble Flash Test, and shall show afterflame times no longer als, Seams, and Closures.
than 2 seconds; in subsequent testing by test subjects of the 8.1.2.1 Samples shall be conditioned at a temperature of 21°C
ensemble shall allow no liquid penetration; and where a hood ± 3°C (70°F ± 5°F) and a relative humidity of 65 percent
with visor is provided shall allow test subjects to have a visual ± 5 percent until equilibrium is reached, as specified in ASTM
acuity of 20/100. D1776, Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles, or
N 7.8.9 Garment materials and, where applicable, visor, glove, for at least 24 hours, whichever is shorter.
footwear, and elastomeric interface materials shall be tested for 8.1.2.2 Samples shall be tested within 5 minutes after removal
heat transfer performance (HTP) as specified in Section 8.30, from conditioning.
Heat Transfer Performance Test, and shall have an average
HTP rating of not less than 12 cal/cm2. Δ 8.1.3 Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Garment Materials.
Samples shall be subjected to flexural fatigue in accordance
N 7.8.10 Garment materials and, where applicable, visor, glove, with ASTM F392/F392M, Standard Practice for Conditioning Flexi‐
footwear, and elastomeric interface materials shall be tested for ble Barrier Materials for Flex Durability, with the following modifi‐
resistance to flame impingement as specified in Section 8.27, cations:
Flammability Resistance Test, and shall not burn a distance
greater than 100 mm (4 in.), shall not sustain burning for more (1) In lieu of Flexing Conditions A, B, C, D, or E, standard
than 2 seconds, and shall not melt and drip. class test specimens shall have a flex period of 100 cycles
at 45 cycles per minute. A cycle shall be full flex and twist‐
N 7.9 Optional Stealth Requirements. ing action.
(2) In lieu of Flexing Conditions A, B, C, D, or E, test speci‐
N 7.9.1 Class 1 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also
mens for Class Type R shall have a flex period of
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.1.
1000 cycles at 45 cycles per minute. A cycle shall be a full
N 7.9.2 Class 2 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also flex and twisting action.
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.2. (3) Anisotropic materials shall be tested in both machine and
transverse directions.
N 7.9.3 Class 2R ensembles and ensemble elements shall also (4) All layers of garment material in the ensemble shall be
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.3. present during flex conditioning.
N 7.9.4 Class 3 ensembles and ensemble elements shall also Δ 8.1.4 Abrasion Procedure for Element Materials. Samples
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.4. shall be abraded in accordance with ASTM D4157, Standard Test
N 7.9.5 Class 3R ensembles and ensemble elements shall also Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder
meet the applicable requirements specified in Section 7.5. Method), under the following conditions and with the following
modifications:
(1) A 2.3 kg (5 lb) tension weight shall be used.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-59

(2) A 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) head weight shall be used. 8.1.8 Elevated Humidity Conditioning Procedure for Garment,
(3) Silicon carbide, ultrafine, 600 grit sandpaper shall be Glove, Footwear Seam, Closure, Visor Materials, and Exhaust
used as the abradant. Valves. Samples for elevated humidity shall be conditioned at
(4) The specimen shall be as shown in Figure 8.1.4. 21°C ± 3°C (70°F ± 5°F) and a relative humidity of 80 percent
(5) Standard class specimens shall be abraded for 10 continu‐ ± 5 percent until equilibrium is reached, as specified in ASTM
ous cycles. Class Type R specimens shall be abraded for D1776, Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles, or
100 continuous cycles. for at least 24 hours, whichever is shorter.
(6) All layers of the element material shall be subjected to the
abrasion conditioning. N 8.1.9 Class Type R Ensemble Preconditioning Procedure.

8.1.5 Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Gloves. N 8.1.9.1 Samples shall be washed and dried alternately for a
total of five washing cycles and five drying cycles.
8.1.5.1 Sample gloves shall be subjected to one full cycle of
testing for hand function as specified in Section 8.16, Glove N 8.1.9.2 Samples shall be washed and dried with all closures
Hand Function Test. fastened.

8.1.5.2 All layers of glove material shall be present during flex N 8.1.9.3 A front-loading washer/extractor shall be used for
conditioning. washing the samples.

Δ 8.1.6 Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Footwear. Sample foot‐ N 8.1.9.4 The wash load shall be two-thirds the rated capacity of
wear shall be subjected to 100,000 flexes in accordance with the washer.
Appendix B of FIA Standard 1209, Whole Shoe Flex, with the N 8.1.9.4.1 If ballast is needed to reach two-thirds capacity,
following modifications: ballast shall be used.
(1) Water shall not be used. N 8.1.9.4.2 Two-thirds of the rated capacity shall not be
(2) The flex speed shall be 60 ± 2 cycles per minute. exceeded.
(3) Alternative flexing equipment shall be permitted to be
used when the flexing equipment meets the following N 8.1.9.5 The wash cycle procedure in Table 8.1.9.5 shall be
parameters: followed.
(a) The alternative flexing equipment is capable of N 8.1.9.6 A tumble dryer with a dry stack temperature of 38°C to
providing the angle of flex as described in FIA 1209. 49°C (100°F to 120°F) measured 20 minutes into the drying
(b) The alternative flexing equipment is capable of a cycle shall be used for drying the samples.
flex speed of 60 ± 2 cycles per minute.
(c) The alternative flexing equipment provides a means N 8.1.9.7 Samples shall be removed from the dryer after
of securing the footwear during flexing. 20 minutes of tumble drying. At the conclusion of the final
drying cycle, the sample shall be allowed to dry completely for
8.1.7 Fatigue Procedure for Suit Closure Assemblies. Sample at least 48 hours in accordance with 8.1.2.
suit closure assemblies shall be exercised a total of 50 openings
and 50 closings. 8.2 Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST).
8.2.1 Application. This test shall apply to Class 1, Class 2,
Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R ensembles.

38 mm
(1¹⁄₂ in.)

200 mm Table 8.1.9.5 Wash Cycle Procedure for Type R Ensembles

(8 in.)
Temperature
Time Water
Operation (min) °C ± 3°C °F ± 5°F Level
Suds using AATCC
detergent #1993,
81 mm
(3¹⁄₄ in.) 1.0 g/4 L (1 gal)
water
Drain 1
Carryover 5 49 120 Low
Drain 1
53 mm Rinse 2 38 100 High
(2³⁄₈ in.) Drain 1
Rinse 2 38 100 High
Drain 1
22 mm (⁷⁄₈ in.) Rinse 2 38 100 High
Drain 1
81 mm
(3¹⁄₄ in.) Extract 5

FIGURE 8.1.4 Specimen Configuration.

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 1994-60 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

8.2.2 Samples. 8.2.4.1.4 The test chamber shall have a temperature of 25°C
± 2°C, relative humidity of 55 percent ± 10 percent, and a
8.2.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be complete ensembles nominal wind speed of 0.9 m/sec to 2.2 m/sec (2 mph to
and shall include the respirator where the ensemble utilizes the 5 mph). The average wind speed shall be 1.6 m/sec
respirator facepiece as the ensemble visor. ± 0.2 m/sec (3.5 mph ± 0.5 mph).
8.2.2.2 Samples for Class Type R shall be conditioned as speci‐ 8.2.4.2 Test Chemical and Analytical Equipment.
fied in 8.1.9.
8.2.4.2.1 The test simulant shall be methyl salicylate (MeS;
N 8.2.2.3 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. C8H8O8), CAS 119-36-8, more commonly known as oil of
8.2.3 Specimens. wintergreen. The MeS minimum purity shall be 95 percent.
Vapor doses shall be measured using passive adsorbent dosime‐
8.2.3.1 The specimen shall be a complete ensemble with ters (PADs).
gloves and footwear and shall include the respirator where
applicable. 8.2.4.2.2* The standard concentration of MeS in the vapor
chamber shall be 150 mg/m3 ± 15 mg/m3 as measured by a
8.2.3.2 Where the ensemble utilizes the respirator facepiece as real-time infrared analysis of the chamber air or other validated
the ensemble visor as specified in 6.1.7, the ensemble shall be real-time analytical technique.
tested with each type or model of the respirator specified by
the manufacturer. 8.2.4.2.3 Infrared readings shall be taken every 60 seconds to
verify compliance with the concentration requirement, and an
8.2.3.3 Where the respirator is completely encapsulated by the air sample shall be taken at least every 10 minutes for validation
ensemble, the ensemble shall be tested with a respirator speci‐ of infrared readings.
fied by the manufacturer.
8.2.4.2.4 The generation of liquid aerosol shall be avoided.
8.2.3.4 A minimum of four specimens shall be tested. The
specimens shall represent a minimum of two different ensem‐ 8.2.4.2.5 The sensitivity of the analytical technique used for
ble sizes. the measurement of MeS in the PADs shall provide a detection
limit of 30 ng MeS per PAD. The analytical technique shall
8.2.3.5 Where the ensemble has multiple types of external have an upper limit of quantification of 31,500 ng.
fittings, each type of external fitting shall be present on each
specimen at the time of testing. Δ 8.2.4.3* Passive Adsorbent Dosimeters (PADs). The test shall
be conducted using passive adsorbent dosimeters (PADs) that
8.2.3.6 Specimens shall be provided to fit or be adjustable to affix directly to the skin of the test subjects and that have the
fit the selected test subjects in accordance with the manufactur‐ following characteristics:
er's sizing provisions that are specific to each ensemble.
(1) The PADs shall be a foil packet that contains an adsorb‐
8.2.3.7* None of the ensembles or components of the ensem‐ ent material covered by a high-density polyethylene film
ble to be tested shall have been previously subjected to MIST that acts as a pseudo-skin barrier.
testing unless it can be demonstrated that the ensemble or (2) The PADs shall have an uptake rate of 3.0 cm/min or
components are free of contamination. greater.
8.2.3.8 Underclothing and socks shall be permitted to be 8.2.4.4 Test Subjects.
reused, provided they have been laundered with a detergent
that has been demonstrated not to cause interference with the 8.2.4.4.1 All test subjects shall be medically and physically suit‐
analytical method. able to perform these tests without danger to themselves, and a
medical certificate for each test subject shall have been issued
N 8.2.3.9 Where socks are used as part of the protective ensem‐ within 12 months prior to testing.
ble, it shall be permitted that testing be performed on only one
representative outer boot style for the evaluation of the ensem‐ 8.2.4.4.2 Test subjects shall be familiar with the use of chemi‐
ble. cal protective ensembles and with the selected CBRN SCBA.

8.2.4 Apparatus. 8.2.5 Procedure.

8.2.4.1 Test Facility. 8.2.5.1 Test subjects shall have followed pretrial procedures
that include proper hydration and avoiding personal hygiene
8.2.4.1.1 The test facility shall include areas for dressing, a products that could contain MeS.
first-stage undressing area adjacent and accessible to the cham‐
ber, and a second-stage undressing area adjacent and accessible 8.2.5.2 PADs shall be placed on test subjects at the body
to the first-stage undressing area. region locations shown in Figure 8.2.5.2.

8.2.4.1.2 The test shall be conducted in a sealed chamber with 8.2.5.2.1 All PADs shall be applied in a clean dressing area, by
a minimum volume of sufficient dimensions to permit free personnel who have followed pretrial procedures to minimize
movement of the test subject(s) when fully dressed in the contamination. Test subjects shall also follow pretrial proce‐
ensemble and for the test subject(s) to carry out the physical dures to minimize contamination.
exercise routine specified in 8.2.5.8. 8.2.5.2.2 Cheek PADs shall be located entirely within the
8.2.4.1.3 More than one test subject shall be permitted in the respirator facepiece, and all other PADs shall be located
chamber at the same time, provided that they can complete all entirely outside the seal of the respirator facepiece.
tasks in the appropriate time period and that they have an
unobstructed direct path to the wind stream.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-61

fied or required by the manufacturer as part of the certified

ensemble, the test subject shall wear a short-sleeve cotton shirt
and shorts or underwear.
8.2.5.5 After sealing the ensemble, the test subject shall enter
8 the test chamber, and the test chamber shall be sealed.
16 10 8.2.5.6 The test duration will be 30 minutes in the chamber
9
13 14 with a 5-minute decontamination period.
12
15
11
28 29 8.2.5.7 The start of the test, in which the test subject enters
18 the MIST chamber, shall be initiated within 60 minutes after
19 17 removal of the ensemble from the conditioning environment.
21 20
8.2.5.8 Physical Exercise Routine.
23 22
Δ 8.2.5.8.1 Once the chamber concentration has been estab‐
lished, the test subject(s) shall perform the following physical
activity protocol. The chamber concentration shall remain
25 24
within acceptable limits during the exercise protocol.
(1) Drag 70 kg (154 lb) human dummy using both hands a
30 distance of 10 m (33 ft) over a 15-second period. Stop
and rest for 15 seconds. Repeat exercise twice.
(2) Duck squat, pivot right, pivot left, stand. Rotate orienta‐
1 tion 90 degrees to wind stream between each repetition.
Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of
2 1 minute.
(3) Stand erect. With arms at sides, bend body to left and
3 return, bend body forward and return, bend body to
4 right and return. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind
26 27 stream between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in
each orientation for a total of 1 minute.
(4) Stand erect. Extend arms overhead in the lateral direc‐
7
tion, then bend elbows. Extend arms overhead in the
5 6 frontal direction, then bend elbows. Rotate orientation
90 degrees to wind stream between each repetition.
1: scalp (SCA) 16: chest (C) Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of
2: forehead (F) 17: right buttock (RB) 1 minute.
3: behind left ear upper (LED) 18: lower back (LB) (5) Stand erect. Extend arms perpendicular to the sides of
4: behind left ear (LE) 19: groin (GR) torso. Twist torso left and return, twist torso right and
5: neck right (NED) 20: crotch (LCR) return. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind stream
6: neck left (NE) 21: crotch (RCR)
between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in each
orientation for a total of 1 minute.
7: nape (NA) 22: left inner thigh (LIT)
(6) Stand erect. Reach arms across chest completely to
8: left armpit (LA) 23: right inner thigh (RIT)
opposite sides. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind
9: left inner upper arm (LIU) 24: left inner shin (LIS)
stream between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in
10: left outer upper arm (LOU) 25: right inner shin (RIS)
each orientation for a total of 1 minute.
11: left forearm (LFA) 26: cheek (RM) (7) Climb two steps of the ladder and touch the ceiling with
12: right forearm (RFA) 27: cheek (LM) one hand (use alternate hands each time). Climb down,
13: middle back (MB) 28: left hand (G) squat, and touch the floor with both hands. Repeat exer‐
14: middle back dup. (MBD) 29: right hand (GD) cise three times within 1 minute.
15: abdomen (AB) 30: foot (B) (8) Crawl in place for 1 minute. Rotate orientation
90 degrees to wind stream every 15 seconds.
FIGURE 8.2.5.2 Locations of Passive Adsorption (9) Sit on stool (facing wind) for 1 minute.
Dosimeters (PADs) on Test Subjects. (10) Sit on stool (back to wind) for 1 minute.
8.2.5.8.2 Physical activities and rest periods shall be
8.2.5.3 Three additional PADs shall be used to conduct back‐ performed in a chamber location that provides an unobstruc‐
ground sampling and for quality control during the trial. These ted exposure of the protective ensemble to the required wind
PADs shall be located in the dressing area, the Stage 1 undress stream.
area, and the Stage 2 undress area.
8.2.5.8.3 Each physical activity and rest cycle shall be
8.2.5.4 The test subject shall don the protective ensemble and 10 minutes. The cycle of exercise and rest shall be completed a
respirator in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions total of three times, for a total chamber exposure of
in an area located away from the test chamber. The test subject 30 minutes. Each exercise cycle shall consist of eight 1-minute
shall wear clothing under the CBRN protective ensemble as activities followed by a 2-minute rest (sitting) period.
specified by the manufacturer. If no undergarments are speci‐

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1994-62 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

8.2.5.8.4 The test subject shall begin the first repetition of 8.2.6.2* Measurement of PAD Uptake Rate.
each activity facing the wind stream and shall rotate 90 degrees
between each repetition until the time period for that exercise 8.2.6.2.1 The PAD uptake rate shall be measured by exposing
has ended. PADs in a small-scale chamber under the following conditions:
(1) The concentration of MeS shall be 1 mg/m3
8.2.5.8.5 For activity 8 (crawling in place), the test subject ± 0.5 mg/m3.
shall rotate 90 degrees on 15-second intervals during the (2) The temperature shall be 35°C ± 2°C (94°F ± 4°F).
1-minute period. (3) The relative humidity shall be 55 percent ± 20 percent.
8.2.5.8.6 All physical activities shall be a full range of motion (4) The flow of MeS in the humidified air or nitrogen shall
and performed at a moderate speed. be at a rate of 1 cm/sec ± 0.2 cm/sec over the PAD.
(5) The exposure shall be conducted for a period of 30 min
8.2.5.9 Decontamination and Doffing. +1/-0 min.
8.2.5.9.1 After completion of the 30-minute MIST exposure, 8.2.6.2.2 The PAD uptake rate shall be calculated in accord‐
the subjects shall move to a decontamination area, where they ance with the procedures provided in 8.2.6.2.1. The average of
shall remain for at least 5 minutes. This area shall be well- all PAD uptake rates shall be calculated and used in the calcula‐
ventilated to assist in off-gassing of the outside of the ensemble. tion of MeS dosage on the test subject PADs.
8.2.5.9.2 In the decontamination area, all exposed ensemble 8.2.6.3 After their initial 30 minutes at room temperature, the
surfaces, including such items as the respirator, boots, gloves, PADs shall be subjected to one of the following handling and
and helmets, shall be washed with a liquid soap solution. analysis procedures:
8.2.5.9.2.1 If the garment is designed for wet decontamina‐ (1) The PADs shall be stored at a cold temperature sufficient
tion, it shall be washed with the soap solution as well. to prevent the migration of MeS from the adhesive until
extraction or analysis.
8.2.5.9.2.2 Alternative decontamination methods, such as an (2) The PADs shall be extracted within 4 hours.
air wash, shall be permitted if the selected decontamination (3) The adsorbent shall be removed and thermally desorbed
method can be demonstrated to remove MeS to levels that do within 4 hours.
not result in contamination of the test subjects during the doff‐
ing of the protective ensemble. 8.2.6.3.1 The determination of a sufficiently low temperature
that prevents migration of the MeS from the adhesive shall be
8.2.5.9.3 The decontaminated test subject shall move to the made by exposing 12 PADs simultaneously in the test chamber
first-stage undressing room where all remaining items of cloth‐
in a vertical position at a concentration of 100 mg/m3 of MeS
ing, except underwear, shall be doffed. The undressing process
for 30 min +5/−0 min. After this exposure, the PADs shall be
shall not exceed 5 minutes.
covered in foil, each placed in a sealed container, and stored at
8.2.5.9.4 As soon as the garment is unsealed and the PADs on 25°C ± 3°C (77°F ± 5°F) for 30 min ± 5 min. Four of the PADs
the test subject’s body are exposed to the ambient atmosphere shall be packed in dry ice for 24 hours, four placed in the
in the first-stage undressing room, three fresh PADs shall be proposed cold storage temperature for 24 hours, and four
placed near the test subject to detect background MeS concen‐ extracted or analyzed within 4 hours. The average mass
trations. absorbed on the four PADs stored at the proposed storage
temperature shall equal with 95 percent confidence the aver‐
8.2.5.9.5 As soon as all items of clothing, except underwear, age mass absorbed on four PADs stored for 24 hours in dry ice
are removed, the decontaminated test subject shall proceed to and the four PADs analyzed immediately after exposure.
the second-stage undressing room and the background PADs
shall be collected and handled as specified in 8.2.5.9.7. The 8.2.6.3.2 Where liquid extraction of the PADs samples is
exposure time for the first-stage undressing room background performed, the liquid extracts shall be stored at 0°C to 4°C
PADs shall be recorded. (32°F to 39°F) for up to 14 days following their exposure
before analysis.
8.2.5.9.6 When the test subject enters the second-stage
undressing room, three additional PADs shall be placed near 8.2.6.4 The actual MeS vapor exposure concentration and the
the test subject and the exposure PADs shall be removed from actual time of exposure shall be used to determine the uptake
the test subject’s body. Both the second-stage undressing room rate from the following equation:
background PADs and the exposure PADs taken off the test
N
subject’s body shall be handled as specified in 8.2.5.9.7. The
[8.2.6.4]
exposure time for the second-stage undressing room PADs shall
be recorded. u = m / ACt

8.2.5.9.7 Where an adhesive is used on the back of the PADs, where:

each PAD shall be backed with aluminum foil, placed in indi‐ u = uptake rate (cm/min)
vidual sealed glass vials with a nonadsorbent lid liner, and shall m = total mass of MeS measured on the PAD (mg)
remain at room temperature of 25°C ± 3°C (77°F ± 5°F) for A = average active area of the PAD (cm2)
30 min ± 5 min immediately after exposure. Ct = exposure vapor dosage (mg·min/cm3)
8.2.6 PAD Qualification and Analysis. 8.2.6.5 The range of the analytical technique shall be suffi‐
8.2.6.1 The uptake rate for each lot of PADs shall be deter‐ cient to measure the expected range of MeS dosage on the test
mined in accordance with 8.2.6.2, using a minimum of seven subject PADs.
PADs selected randomly from the lot.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-63

8.2.6.5.1 When liquid extraction is used as the analytical tech‐ Δ Table 8.2.7.2.1 Site-Specific Onset of Symptoms Exposure
nique, the calibration curve used for determining the equip‐ Dosage (OSED) by PAD Location
ment response to MeS shall be established using at least four
MeS concentration standards accounting for the proper density OSED
of the extraction solvent.
Body Region PAD Location (mg·min·m-3)
8.2.6.6 For the test results to be considered valid for a given
Head/neck 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 26, 27 100
ensemble, no more than one PAD from each of the body
Torso/buttocks 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 100
region locations tested (i.e., no more than one PAD of the four
replicates for any particular region) shall be permitted to be (excluding
lost to analysis over the course of the four test subjects. perineum)
Arm/hand 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 28, 29 50
8.2.7 Calculations. Leg/foot 22, 23, 24, 25, 30 100
8.2.7.1 The dosage measured by each PAD (Ctinside,i) shall be Perineum 20, 21 25
determined using the average uptake rate determined for the
PAD lot used in the evaluation of a specific ensemble using the Research Establishment Suffield Report and National Research
following equation: Council Report listed in 2.3.9 to calculate the systemic PPDF
N for each ensemble test (PPDFsys). The PPDFsys for each specimen
[8.2.7.1] is calculated as follows, where each of the terms is calculated
using the information in Table 8.2.7.3. The value of PFi used in
Ctinside ,i = mi /uavg A
the calculation is the average of the measured PFi for each body
region listed in the table under the heading “Body Region I for
where: BRHA Model.”
Ctinside,i = MeS vapor dosage at the specific PAD (mg/min/cm3)
mi = total mass of MeS measured on the specific PAD (mg) N
uavg = average uptake of the PAD lot (cm/min) [8.2.7.3]
A = average active area of the PAD (cm2) dzi
∑i
8.2.7.1.1 The protection factor at each PAD location shall be ED50i
PPDFsys =
calculated using the following equation where the Ctoutside shall ∑i
dzi
be determined from the measured chamber vapor dosage of ED50i PFi
the individual trial over the entire exposure. The value for
Ctoutside shall be the average of the chamber MS concentration 8.2.7.3.1 The average systemic PPDF for all specimens tested
readings taken during the course of the test subject exposure shall be calculated.
period:
8.2.8 Report.
N
[8.2.7.1.1] 8.2.8.1* The individual specimen and geometric mean local
PPDFi values for each PAD location shall be recorded and
Ctoutisde
PFi = reported.
Ctinsidei
8.2.8.2* The PPDFsys value for each specimen and the geomet‐
8.2.7.1.2 Where the measured total mass of MeS for a given ric mean PPDFsys value for the ensemble tested shall be recor‐
PAD falls below 30 ng, the value of 30 ng shall be used for that ded and reported.
specific PAD.
8.2.8.3 A spreadsheet shall be prepared that shows all test
8.2.7.2 All results for each PAD location shall be expressed in measurements and calculations including at least the following:
terms of the local physiological protective dosage factor (1) The MeS vapor exposure concentration for PAD lot quali‐
(PPDF) value and shall be calculated according to the follow‐ fication
ing equation: (2) The exposure time used for PAD lot qualification
N (3) The measured MeS mass on each PAD used for PAD lot
[8.2.7.2] qualification
(4) The individual and the average PAD uptake rates
OSEDi (5) The measured MeS mass on each PAD used in the dress‐
local PPDFi = PFi
25 ing room, first-stage undressing room, and second-stage
undressing room
Δ 8.2.7.2.1* The site-specific onset of symptoms exposure (6) The measured MeS mass on each PAD placed on the test
dosages (OSED) for each PAD shall be based on ECt10 values subject
for mustard blistering/ulceration according to Table 8.2.7.2.1. (7) The calculated vapor dosage for each PAD placed on the
8.2.7.2.2 The average local PPDF values at each PAD location test subject
for all specimens tested shall be calculated. 8.2.9 Interpretation. The geometric mean PPDFi value at each
Δ 8.2.7.3 A systemic PPDF shall also be calculated from the PAD PAD location and the geometric mean PPDFsys value shall be
data. The systemic protection analysis shall use the systemic used to determine pass or fail performance.
weighting body region hazard analysis values from Defence

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 1994-64 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Δ Table 8.2.7.3 ED50i Values by PAD and Body Location

PADs Mapped to This Region ED50i for Severe Effects (VX)

(Average Dosage from Each for Body Region (mg/
Body Region i forBRHA Model PAD, Then Calculate PFi) Area of Body Region(dzi, cm2) Individual)
Scalp 1, 2 350 0.76
Ears 3, 4 50 0.46
Face, cheeks, and neck 5, 6, 26, 27 300 0.48
Chin and neck 5, 6 200 0.36
Nape 7 100 1.72
Abdomen 16 2858 2.23
Back 13, 14, 18 2540 2.65
Axillae 8 200 2.07
Upper arm medial 9 488 2.8
Upper arm lateral 10 706 6.57
Elbow fold 9, 10, 11, 12 50 2.09
Elbow 9, 10, 11, 12 50 2.25
Forearm extensor 11, 12 487 2.8
Forearm flexor 11, 12 706 6.57
Hands dorsum 28, 29 200 2.91
Hands palmar 28, 29 200 9.24
Buttocks 17 953 4.26
Groin 15, 19 300 1.22
Scrotum 20, 21 200 0.11
Thigh anterior 22, 23 2845 6.57
Thigh posterior 22, 23 1422 4.26
Knee 22, 23, 24, 25 200 7.14
Popliteal space (back of knees) 22, 23, 24, 25 100 2.09
Shins 24, 25 1897 6.57
Calves 24, 25 948 2.8
Feet dorsum 30 500 6.6
Feet plantar 30 300 7.14

8.3 Overall Garment Function and Integrity Test. 8.3.3.5 Where the ensemble uses the respirator facepiece as
the ensemble visor as specified in 6.1.7, each style of the ensem‐
8.3.1 Application. This test method shall apply to complete ble shall be tested with each style of the respirator specified by
ensembles with gloves, footwear, hoods, and respirator if appli‐ the manufacturer.
cable.
• N 8.3.3.6 Where socks are used as part of the protective ensem‐
8.3.2 Samples. ble, it is permitted that testing be performed on only one
Δ 8.3.2.1 Samples shall be complete ensembles with gloves, foot‐ representative outer boot style for the evaluation of the ensem‐
wear, hoods, and respirator as applicable. ble.

N 8.3.2.2 Samples for Class Type R shall be conditioned as speci‐ N 8.3.4 Apparatus. The equipment and supplies specified in
fied in 8.1.9. ASTM F1154, Standard Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the
Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and
8.3.2.3 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. Ensemble Components, shall be used along with the following
8.3.3 Specimens. additional items:
(1) A Snellen eye chart for a 6 m (20 ft) distance
8.3.3.1 Specimens shall be complete ensembles with gloves, (2) A stopwatch or other timing device
footwear, hoods, and respirator, as applicable. (3) A protractor or other device to measure the angle of the
8.3.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested. placard relative to the test subject
(4) An NFPA 704–based placard as seen in Figure 8.3.4.
8.3.3.3 The specimen shall include all outerwear and other
items required for the ensemble to be compliant with this
standard.
8.3.3.4 Where the ensemble offers multiple types of external
fittings, each type of external fitting shall be installed in the
ensemble prior to testing.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-65

(8) Where protective flaps cover the closure system, the

protective flaps shall be inspected upon completion of
the exercise procedures and before the specimen is
doffed to determine if any portion of the protective flaps
A

4 (9)
has become disengaged.
The closures shall be inspected upon completion of the
exercise procedures and before the garment is doffed to
determine if any portion of the closures has become

0 1 C
disengaged.
8.3.5.2 Where hoods with visors or facepieces are provided,
visual acuity testing within the ensemble shall be conducted
using a standard 6.1 m (20 ft) eye chart with a normal lighting
range of 100 foot-candles to 150 foot-candles at the chart and
B with the test subject positioned at a distance of 6.1 m (20 ft)
from the chart.
Length
8.3.5.3 Where hoods with visors or facepieces are provided,
Measurement mm in. the test subject shall then read the standard eye chart through
A 64 2.5 the lens of the respirator facepiece, if present, and ensemble
visor or facepiece to determine the test subject’s visual acuity.
B 25 1
C 90 3.5 N 8.3.5.4 The field of vision for the test subject shall be assessed
for the up, down, left, and right orientation angles used in the
NFPA 704–based placard with random numbers between 0 and
FIGURE 8.3.4 NFPA 704 Placard.
4 in each of the quadrants. The placard shall be 2 m (6 ft)/
0/–0.1 m (0.3 ft) away from the eye of the test subject and
8.3.5 Procedure. perpendicular to the field of view line of sight being measured.
Δ 8.3.5.1 Overall function and integrity shall be measured in N 8.3.5.5 Where encapsulating ensembles are evaluated, at the
accordance with ASTM F1154, Standard Practices for Qualitatively end of testing, the test subject shall be instructed to remove his
Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective or her hands from each of the gloves while still wearing the
Ensembles and Ensemble Components, with the following parame‐ ensemble, touch the bypass value of the SCBA, and then rein‐
ters: sert his or her hands into the gloves. The test subject shall
perform this action in accordance with the manufacturer’s
(1) Both Procedures A and B, specified in ASTM F1154, shall
instructions. This action shall be sequentially repeated for a
be used. Testing of ensembles immediately following test‐
total of five times. The time for completing this action shall be
ing as specified in Section 8.2, Man-In-Simulant Test
timed using a stopwatch or other suitable timing device.
(MIST), shall be permitted.
(2) Specimens to be tested shall meet the sizing range of the 8.3.6 Report.
test subjects as determined in 5.3.4. Specimens shall be
donned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc‐ N 8.3.6.1 The average time required for the all test subjects to
tions. complete all portions of the exercises shall be calculated and
(3) Testing shall be conducted at 25°C ± 6°C (77°F ± 10°F) reported.
and relative humidity of 50 percent ± 20 percent. 8.3.6.2 Where liquidtight integrity testing is performed, a
(4) Following the exercise procedures, Class 1, Class 2, diagram shall be prepared for each test that identifies the loca‐
Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R ensembles shall be meas‐ tions of any liquid leakage as detected on the liquid-absorptive
ured for liquidtight integrity as specified in Section 8.4, garment inside the specimen or on the interior surface of the
Liquidtight Integrity Test 1. specimen.
(5) Where hoods are provided, a determination shall be
made that the ensemble is designed to accommodate at 8.3.6.3 The length of time it takes for the test subjects to satis‐
least head protection meeting the dimensional require‐ factorily complete both exercise procedures shall be recorded
ments for Type 1, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, and reported.
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection.
8.3.6.4 Where hoods are provided, the ensemble accommoda‐
Nonencapsulating ensemble hoods shall be permitted to
tion of head protection meeting the dimensional requirements
accommodate head protection worn either inside or
for Type 1, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American
outside the ensemble.
National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, shall be recorded
(6) Where hoods with visors or facepieces are provided, the
and reported.
test subject shall have a minimum visual acuity of 20/20
in each eye uncorrected or corrected with contact lenses 8.3.6.5 Where hoods with visors or facepieces are provided,
or glasses as determined in a visual acuity test or doctor’s the visual acuity of the test subject in and out of the ensemble
examination. shall be recorded and reported.
(7) Test subjects shall wear underclothing in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommendation, or in lieu of a
detailed recommendation, a full-body coverall.

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 1994-66 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 8.3.6.6 Where ensembles with visors are provided, the angular 8.4.1.2 Specific requirements for testing Class 1, Class 2, and
degree for the up, down, left, and right defining the field of Class 2R ensembles shall be as specified in 8.4.8.
vision shall be measured and reported. The average angular
degree for each direction for all test subjects shall be calculated 8.4.1.3 Specific requirements for testing Class 3 and Class 3R
and reported. ensembles shall be as specified in 8.4.9.

N 8.3.6.7 Where encapsulating ensembles are evaluated, the 8.4.2 Samples.

time for each test subject to completely remove his or her Δ 8.4.2.1 Samples shall be complete ensembles with gloves, foot‐
hands from the gloves and reinsert his or her hands in the wear, hoods, and respirator, if applicable.
gloves five times sequentially shall be recorded and reported.
The average time for all test subjects shall be calculated and N 8.4.2.2 Samples for Class Type R shall be conditioned as speci‐
reported. fied in 8.1.9.
N 8.3.6.8 Where closures are covered by a protective flap, any 8.4.2.3 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
disengagement of the protective flap observed during the exer‐ 8.4.3 Specimens.
cise procedures shall be recorded and reported.
8.4.3.1 Specimens shall be complete ensembles with gloves,
N 8.3.6.9 Any disengagement of the closures observed after the footwear, hoods, and respirator, if applicable.
exercise procedures shall be recorded and reported.
8.4.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.
8.3.7 Interpretation.
8.4.3.3 The specimen shall include all outerwear and other
8.3.7.1 For Class 1, Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R items for the ensemble to be compliant with this standard.
ensembles, evidence of liquid on the liquid-absorptive garment
inside the specimen or on the interior surface of the ensemble 8.4.3.4 Where the ensemble offers multiple types of external
shall constitute failure. fittings, each type of external fitting shall be installed in the
ensemble prior to testing.
8.3.7.1.1 For glove and footwear parts of the ensembles that
consist of multiple separate layers, accumulation of liquid 8.4.3.5 Where the ensemble utilizes the respirator facepiece as
between any layers shall constitute failure. the ensemble visor as specified in 6.1.7, each style of the ensem‐
ble shall be tested with each style of the respirator specified by
8.3.7.2 The average time required by the test subject to satis‐ the manufacturer.
factorily complete all exercises shall be used for determining
pass or fail. N 8.4.3.6 Where socks are used as part of the protective ensem‐
ble, it shall be permitted that testing be performed on only one
8.3.7.3 Where hoods are provided, the non-accommodation representative outer boot style for the evaluation of the ensem‐
of head protection meeting the dimension requirements for ble.
Type 1, Class G helmets of ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American National
Standard for Industrial Head Protection, shall constitute failing 8.4.4 Apparatus. The apparatus and supplies for testing shall
performance. For nonencapsulating ensembles, the hood shall be those specified in ASTM F1359/F1359M, Standard Test
be permitted to accommodate head protection worn either Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or
inside or outside the ensemble. Protective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Manikin,
using the following modification: The left arm of the manikin
8.3.7.4 Where hoods with visors or facepieces are provided, shall be positioned with the upper arm against the side of the
the visual acuity of each test subject inside the suit shall be used manikin and the lower arm bent upward at the elbow at a 135-
for determining pass or fail. degree angle.
N 8.3.7.5 Where ensembles with visors are provided, the average 8.4.5 Procedure.
angular field of vision in each direction shall be used to deter‐
mine pass or fail performance. Δ 8.4.5.1 Liquidtight integrity testing of garments shall be
conducted in accordance with Procedure A of ASTM F1359/
N 8.3.7.6 Where encapsulating ensembles are evaluated, the F1359M, Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of
average time for all test subjects to completely remove their Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray
hands from the gloves and reinsert their hands in the gloves While on a Manikin, with the following modifications:
five times sequentially shall be used to determine pass or fail
performance. (1) No provisions for garments with a partial barrier layer
shall be allowed.
N 8.3.7.7 Where closures are covered by a protective flap, any (2) The method used for mounting the manikin in the spray
disengagement of the closure of the protective flap after the chamber shall not interfere with the water spray.
exercise sequences shall constitute failure. (3) At the end of the liquid spray exposure period, excess
N 8.3.7.8 Any disengagement of the closures after the exercise liquid shall be removed from the surface of the specimen.
sequences shall constitute failure.
8.4 Liquidtight Integrity Test 1.
8.4.1 Application.
8.4.1.1 This test method shall apply to Class 1, Class 2,
Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R ensembles.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-67

8.4.5.2 The specimen shall be inspected within 2 minutes of sions provided by the manufacturer that are specific to each
the end of the liquid spray exposure period for evidence of element.
liquid penetration.
8.5.3.6 None of the components to be tested shall have been
8.4.5.3 Where outer gloves and outer boots are used as part of previously subjected to particle inward leakage testing.
the ensemble, the interior of the outer gloves or outer boots
shall be inspected to determine if the collection of liquid has 8.5.3.7 Underclothing and socks shall be permitted to be
occurred. reused, provided they have been laundered with a detergent
that has been demonstrated not to cause interference with the
8.4.6 Report. A diagram shall be prepared for each test that analytical method.
identifies the locations of any liquid leakage as detected on the
liquid-absorptive garment inside the specimen or on the inte‐ N 8.5.3.8 Where socks are used as part of the protective ensem‐
rior surface of the specimen. ble, it shall be permitted that testing be performed on only one
representative outer boot style for the evaluation of the ensem‐
8.4.7 Interpretation. ble.
Δ 8.4.7.1 Evidence of liquid on the liquid-absorptive garment, 8.5.4 Apparatus.
inside the specimen or on the interior surface of the ensemble,
as determined by visual, tactile, or absorbent toweling, shall 8.5.4.1 The test shall be conducted in a chamber large
constitute failure of the specimen. enough to conduct testing on at least one test subject.

8.4.7.2 For glove and footwear parts of the ensembles that 8.5.4.2 The test chamber shall have a system capable of
consist of multiple separate layers, accumulation of liquid providing a stable, uniform airflow directed at the test subject.
between any layers shall constitute failure. 8.5.4.3 The test chamber shall prevent significant aerosol
8.4.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Class 1, Class 2, and contact with any areas of the facility not intended as exposure
Class 2R Ensembles. Testing shall be performed with the areas to prevent contamination.
suited manikin exposed to the liquid spray for a total of 8.5.4.4 The test chamber shall have an aerosol generator capa‐
20 minutes, 5 minutes in each of the four manikin orientations. ble of maintaining the aerosol mass concentration as specified
8.4.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Class 3 and Class 3R in the procedure.
Ensembles. Testing shall be performed with the suited mani‐ 8.5.4.5 The challenge aerosol shall be a combination of amor‐
kin exposed to the liquid spray for a total of 4 minutes, phous silica, 50 percent by weight; tetraethylene glycol,
1 minute in each of the four manikin orientations. 42 percent by weight; uranine, 6 percent by weight; and Tino‐
8.5 Particle Inward Leakage Test. palTM, 2 percent by weight.

8.5.1 Application. This test shall apply to Class 4 ensembles. N 8.5.4.6 Test subjects shall wear a close-fitting, one- or multiple-
piece full-body indicator garment made of black synthetic
8.5.2 Samples. material that is sized to the individual test subject. The indica‐
tor garment shall be clean and free of visible lint, to the extent
8.5.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be complete ensembles
practicable, prior to the test subject donning the test ensemble.
and shall include the respirator where the ensemble utilizes the
respirator facepiece as the ensemble visor. N 8.5.4.7 Visual inspection of the test subject, while wearing the
indicator garment, shall be performed under illumination by
8.5.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned at 21°C ± 6°C and
black light in a dark room after doffing the candidate
50 percent ± 30 percent RH for at least 4 hours.
garments. Inspection shall be performed while the test subject
N 8.5.2.3 Samples for Class 4R shall be conditioned as specified is fully illuminated by black light with a wavelength of 365 nm.
in 8.1.9.
N 8.5.4.8* A separate handheld black light with a wavelength of
8.5.3 Specimens. 365 nm and an intensity of 1200 µW/cm2 at 380 nm shall be
used to inspect areas where the presence of fluorescent parti‐
8.5.3.1 The specimen shall be a complete ensemble with cles might be unclear.
gloves and footwear, and shall include the respirator where
applicable. N 8.5.4.9 A 35 mm camera, or digital equivalent, with the appro‐
priate capabilities and settings for taking photographs under
8.5.3.2 Where the ensemble utilizes the respirator facepiece as UV light shall be provided for documenting the visual condi‐
the ensemble visor, as specified in 6.1.7, the ensemble shall be tion of the test subject before and after the exposure to the
tested with each type or model of the respirator specified by aerosol.
the manufacturer.
8.5.4.10 The test facility shall have separate garment storage,
8.5.3.3 A minimum of four specimens shall be tested. A mini‐ donning, doffing, and control room areas to prevent contami‐
mum of two test subjects shall be used. nation.
8.5.3.4 Where the ensemble has multiple types of external 8.5.4.11 All test subjects shall have a medical doctor’s certifi‐
fittings, each type of external fitting shall be present on each cate that substantiates that they are medically and physically
specimen at the time of testing. suitable to perform these tests without danger to themselves.
8.5.3.5 Specimens shall be provided to fit or be adjustable to The medical certificate shall have been issued within
fit the selected test subjects in accordance with the sizing provi‐ 12 months prior to testing.

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 1994-68 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

8.5.4.12 Test subjects shall be familiar with the use of chemical (5) Stand erect. Reach arms across chest completely to
protective ensembles and with the selected respirator. opposite sides. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind
stream between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in
8.5.5 Procedure. each orientation for a total of 1 minute.
8.5.5.1 The test chamber shall be stabilized with the following (6) Walk in place (facing wind) for 1 minute.
conditions: (7) Rest (standing, facing wind) for 1 minute.
(8) Walk in place (back to wind) for 1 minute.
(1) Average wind speed shall be 4.8 kph ± 3.2 kph (3 mph (9) Rest (standing, back to wind) for 1 minute.
± 2 mph) at the test subject location. (10) Rest (standing, facing wind) for 1 minute.
(2) Temperature shall be 21°C ± 2°C (70°F ± 5°F).
(3) Relative humidity shall be 45 percent ± 15 percent. N 8.5.5.9 At the conclusion of the 30-minute test period, the test
(4) Average aerosol concentration shall be 20 mg/m3, subject shall exit the test chamber and enter the doffing area.
+5 mg/ m3/–0 mg/m3.
(5) Aerosol aerodynamic mass median diameter shall be 8.5.5.10 The test subject shall then be assisted in doffing the
2.75 μm ± 0.75 µm. ensemble to prevent contact of the outside surface of the
ensemble with the subject’s skin or indicator garments.
N 8.5.5.2 The test subject shall don black undergarments that •
cover the wearer’s torso, arms, legs, and head, excluding the N 8.5.5.11 After doffing, the masked areas shall be unmasked
face. The indicator garments shall provide a dark uniform and the test subject shall be examined under black light in the
appearance under black light illumination. viewing area for evidence of particulate inward leakage.

N 8.5.5.3* At least 10 specific areas of the indicator garments N 8.5.5.12 Photographs shall be taken of the test subject under
shall be masked with tape or masking product that will remain black light with the following minimum positions:
in place during testing and not affect the indicator garments. (1) Front, right, back, and left side of test subject neck and
head
N 8.5.5.4 The 10 masked areas each shall have a minimum area (2) Front, right, back, and left side of test subject upper torso
of 13 cm3 (2 in.2) and shall be distributed over the indicator (3) Front, right, back, and left side of test subject lower torso
garment.
N 8.5.5.12.1 The exposure of the black light should be brack‐
8.5.5.5 The test subject shall don the protective ensemble and eted to provide photographs with varying contrast to permit
respirator in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions documentation of any observed fluorescence.
in a clean area separated from the test chamber.
• N 8.5.5.13* A separate black light shall be used to inspect any
8.5.5.6 Once the test chamber has reached the conditions areas where the presence of fluorescent particles might be
specified in 8.5.5.1, the test subject shall enter the chamber unclear.
and be properly positioned in the wind.
• N 8.5.5.14 The laboratory shall be permitted (but is not
N 8.5.5.7 The 30-minute test period shall begin when the test required) to further sample any areas that are suspect for parti‐
subject is positioned in the wind. cle contamination using the procedures established in 8.5.8.
N 8.5.5.8* During the 30-minute test period, the test subject These procedures, when used, shall be employed for documen‐
shall perform the following three series of stationary exercises. tation purposes only and shall not be used for interpreting
The stationary exercises shall be as specified in Procedure A of compliance with the performance requirement.
ASTM F1154, Standard Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the N 8.5.6 Sampling and Analysis of Black Indicator Garment.
Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and
Ensemble Components, with the following modifications: N 8.5.6.1 The test subject’s black indicator garment shall be
sampled to recover aerosol that has deposited. This skin-rinse
(1) Duck squat, pivot right, pivot left, stand. Rotate orienta‐
sampling shall be performed by pressing a tube against the
tion 90 degrees to wind stream between each repetition.
portion of the black indicator garment to be sampled and
Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of
adding 20 mL (0.68 oz) of 0.01 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
1 minute.
The solution shall be washed over the black indicator garment
(2) Stand erect. With arms at sides, bend body to left and
for approximately 10 seconds, then pipetted into a clean
return, bend body forward and return, bend body to
container.
right and return. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind
stream between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in N 8.5.6.2 All samples shall be labeled appropriately before they
each orientation for a total of 1 minute. are analyzed.
(3) Stand erect. Extend arms overhead in the lateral direc‐
tion, then bend elbows. Extend arms overhead in the N 8.5.6.3 For each of the black indicator garment-rinse samples,
frontal direction, then bend elbows. Rotate orientation approximately 5 mL (0.17 oz) of each of the samples shall be
90 degrees to wind stream between each repetition. analyzed in a fluorometer to determine the mass of aerosol that
Repeat exercise twice in each orientation for a total of is present in the sample. The results shall be recorded and veri‐
1 minute. fied to identify and eliminate any errors in reading or record‐
(4) Stand erect. Extend arms perpendicular to the sides of ing the data.
torso. Twist torso left and return, twist torso right and N 8.5.7 After each trial, upon completion of the skin-rinse
return. Rotate orientation 90 degrees to wind stream sampling and black light photography, the test subject shall
between each repetition. Repeat exercise twice in each return to a locker room and shower.
orientation for a total of 1 minute.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-69

N 8.5.8 Report. 8.6.4.2 A set of tensile machine jaws shall be used to pull the
external fitting perpendicular to the surface of the garment
N 8.5.8.1 Photographic records documenting the test ensemble material in which the external fitting is mounted.
and results shall consist of the following:
(1) Photographs of the test subject in the full test ensemble 8.6.4.3 The tensile testing machine shall meet the following
immediately before entering the aerosol chamber, with criteria:
additional photographs, included as warranted, of the (1) It shall be capable of holding the specimen mounting
test subject in the ensemble showing design details ring securely in the fixed lower arm.
(2) Black light photographs of the test subject after doffing (2) It shall be capable of holding the flat plate pushing
that cover all body locations, with the test subjects wear‐ device securely in the movable upper arm.
ing shorts, and for female test subjects, a sports bra (3) It shall have a calibrated dial, scale, or chart to indicate
(3) The test conditions, including the following: the applied load and elongation.
(1) Challenge aerosol mass concentration averaged for (4) The error of the machine shall not exceed 2 percent of
the duration of the test any reading within its load range.
(2) Average wind speed, temperature, and relative (5) It shall be outfitted with a compression cell. The testing
humidity for the test machine shall be configured with the compression cell on
(3) Date of test and test operator either the lower or upper arm.
(4) Specific observations for the location of any deposited 8.6.5 Procedure.
aerosol on the test subjects
(5) Any notable observations by the test operators (especially 8.6.5.1 Specimens shall be clamped into the specimen mount‐
system openings, mask breaches, or poor fits) ing ring and attached to the fixed arm of a tensile testing
(6) Any supplemental test data sampling and analysis of the machine.
black indicator garments provided for documentation 8.6.5.2 The jaws of the movable arm of a tensile testing
N 8.5.8.2 If post-exposure photographs show no aerosol deposits machine shall be clamped onto the body of the external fitting.
and show only a black garment in a dark room, the following 8.6.5.3 The tensile testing machine shall be set in operation
statement shall be permitted to be used in lieu of post- but stopped when the external fitting assembly either breaks
exposure photographs: “No visible aerosol deposits were through the material or when the material breaks along the
revealed in the photographs.” specimen mounting ring. The tensile testing machine jaws shall
8.5.9 Interpretation. Any evidence of particulate inward leak‐ have a velocity of 508 mm/min (20 in./min) under load condi‐
age on any test subject's skin or indicator garments as deter‐ tions and shall be uniform at all times.
mined by visual inspection under a black light shall constitute 8.6.5.4 The maximum force registered by the indicating
failure. device of the tensile testing machine shall be recorded for each
•
8.6 Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test. determination.
8.6.1 Application. This test method shall apply to each type of 8.6.6 Report.
external fitting mounted on Class 1, Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, 8.6.6.1 The pull-out strength of each specimen shall be recor‐
Class 3R, Class 4, or Class 4R ensembles. ded and reported to the nearest 1 N (1∕4 lbf).
8.6.2 Samples. 8.6.6.2 The average pull-out strength shall be calculated,
8.6.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be external fitting recorded, and reported to the nearest 1 N (1∕4 lbf).
assemblies mounted into the ensemble material using the
8.6.7 Interpretation. The average pull-out strength shall be
means of mounting and the fabrication methods used to install
used to determine pass or fail performance.
the external fitting into the actual ensemble.
8.7 Chemical Permeation Resistance Test.
8.6.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
8.7.1 Application.
8.6.3 Specimens.
8.7.1.1 This method shall apply to the CBRN barrier layer and
8.6.3.1 Specimens shall be external fitting assemblies moun‐
the CBRN barrier layer’s seams used in ensembles and ensem‐
ted into the ensemble material using the means of mounting
ble elements for CBRN terrorism agent protection.
and the fabrication methods used to install the external fitting
into the actual ensemble. 8.7.1.2 Specific requirements for testing the CBRN barrier
layer of garments, hoods, elastomeric interface material, and
8.6.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.
socks shall be as specified in 8.7.10.
8.6.4 Apparatus.
8.7.1.3 Specific requirements for testing the CBRN barrier
8.6.4.1 A specimen mounting ring shall be used for clamping layer of visors shall be as specified in 8.7.11.
the specimen. The mounting ring shall have an inner diameter
8.7.1.4 Specific requirements for testing the CBRN barrier
of 150 mm (6 in.). The mounting ring shall have a means for
layer of gloves shall be as specified in 8.7.12.
tightly clamping the specimen along the circumference of the
ring and shall hold the specimen perpendicular to the motion 8.7.1.5 Specific requirements for testing the CBRN barrier
of the pushing force. The mounting ring shall be designed layer of footwear shall be as specified in 8.7.13.
such that a means is provided for affixing it to the fixed
(bottom) arm of a tensile testing machine.

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 1994-70 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

8.7.1.6 Specific requirements for testing the CBRN barrier parts shown in Figure 8.7.4.2(a) and individual part detail
layer’s seams of garments, hoods, socks, visors, and gloves shall shown in Figure 8.7.4.2(b) through Figure 8.7.4.2(f),
be as specified in 8.7.14.
8.7.4.3* An air delivery system and manifold shall be used to
N 8.7.1.7 Specific requirements for testing elastomeric interface provide oil-free, conditioned air to the test cell/fixtures at a
materials shall be specified in 8.7.15. rate of 2 standard liters per minute (SLPM) per test cell/
fixture with a temperature precision of ±0.2°C and a relative
8.7.2 Samples. humidity precision of ±5 percent. The manifold shall be
Δ 8.7.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be as specified accord‐ designed to deliver 0.3 L/min for the challenge side of the test
ing to the specific requirements in 8.7.10, 8.7.11, 8.7.12, 8.7.13, cell and 1 L/min for the collection side of the test cell and
8.7.14, and 8.7.15, as appropriate. maintain at the test temperature. All parts of the air delivery
system and manifold shall be chemically inert and nonabsorp‐
Δ 8.7.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified according to tive to the challenge chemical.
the specific requirements in 8.7.10, 8.7.11, 8.7.12, 8.7.13,
8.7.14, and 8.7.15, as appropriate. 8.7.4.4* An analytical system shall be used to evaluate the
amount of challenge chemical in the effluent air streams from
8.7.2.3 Samples shall then be cut to the specimen size. the collection side of the test cell and shall be selected to
8.7.2.4 All layers of the samples during conditioning shall be provide the ability to measure the challenge chemical at
present and configured in the order and orientation as worn. 0.1 μg/cm2 over a 60-minute exposure period. The analytical
system shall be permitted to include a bubbler tube, solid sorb‐
8.7.3 Specimens. ent, or real-time chemical analyzer. The selected analytical
system shall be able to determine all of the challenge chemical
8.7.3.1 Specimens shall be the CBRN barrier layer or the
permeating through the specimen in 60 minutes.
CBRN barrier layer’s seam of the size required to fit the perme‐
ation test cell. 8.7.4.5 A vacuum pump capable of creating vacuum of at least
5 in. water column shall be used for testing the integrity of the
8.7.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested against each
assembled test cell.
challenge chemical.
8.7.4.6 A manometer or pressure gauge capable of measuring
8.7.3.3 Any outer shell or other composite layers normally
pressures or vacuums to 10 in. water column with an accuracy
worn over the specimen shall be permitted to be included on
of 5 percent of scale shall be used for testing the integrity of
top of the specimen in the test. The outer shell or other
the assembled test cell.
composite layers shall be placed on the test specimen through
the cell cap port after the test cell has been assembled. 8.7.5 Supplies.
8.7.3.4 If the specimen is the outermost layer of the compo‐ 8.7.5.1 Syringe needles capable of delivering 1 μL droplets
site, then it shall be tested without any additional layers on top. ± 1 percent of the challenge chemical shall be used for dispens‐
ing liquid challenge chemical onto the surface of the specimen
8.7.3.5 Any separable layers normally worn underneath the
in the test cell.
specimen shall not be permitted to be included in the test.
8.7.5.2* Replacement O-rings shall be available for use in the
8.7.3.6 Specimens with nonuniform surfaces shall be permit‐
permeation test cell.
ted to be treated with an impermeable nonreactive sealant
outside the area of the specimen exposed to the challenge 8.7.5.2.1* If unknown, the compatibility of the O-ring mate‐
chemical, in order to allow sealing of the test cell to a uniform rial with the challenge chemical shall be verified before use.
surface of the specimen.
8.7.5.2.2 If an O-ring shows any signs of chemical degradation
8.7.3.7 Following any sample preparation, the specimens shall in the form of softening, hardening, swelling, deterioration, or
be conditioned at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) loss of shape or function, an O-ring of different material shall
and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent, for at least be used that does not show chemical degradation.
24 hours prior to testing in accordance with 8.7.7.1.1.
8.7.5.3* An inert impermeable surrogate material shall be
8.7.4 Apparatus. used as a negative control during validation tests.
8.7.4.1 A controlled environmental chamber shall be used to 8.7.6 Chemicals.
maintain the test cell, air flow control system, and reagent
chemicals within ±1.0°C (±2.0°F) of the test temperature and Δ 8.7.6.1* The following challenge chemicals shall be tested as
±5 percent of the test relative humidity. The controlled envi‐ liquids at a concentration of 95 percent or greater, except
ronment chamber shall be sized so that it can be used for where otherwise specified:
conditioning test materials, test cells when not in use, chal‐ (1) Liquid chemical warfare agents for Class 1, Class 2,
lenge chemicals, and other test apparatus prior to testing, as Class 2R, Class 3, and Class 3R ensemble element materi‐
well as holding the test cells horizontally during use while als and seams
connected to the air delivery system with manifold and to the
(a) Sulfur mustard, distilled [HD, or bis(2-chloroethyl)
effluent sampling mechanism.
sulfide, CAS 505-60-2]
8.7.4.2* The test cell shall be a two-chambered cell for (b) Soman (GD, or O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluor‐
contacting the specimen with the challenge chemical on the idate, CAS 96-64-0)
specimen’s normal outside surface and for flowing a collection
medium on the specimen’s normal inside surface, consisting of

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 TEST METHODS 1994-71

Hex nut

Cell cap

O-ring #5

Upper body

Male run tee

Male connector

O-ring #4

Compression plate
O-ring #3

O-ring #2

Specimen support plate

O-ring#1 Lug post

Male run tee

Male connector Lower body

FIGURE 8.7.4.2(a) Diffusion Test Cell Assembly. (Copyright ©2006 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Used by permission).

(2) Liquid toxic industrial chemicals for Class 1 ensemble 8.7.6.2.2* The challenge chemical shall be applied to an inert
elements materials impermeable surrogate specimen in the pattern described in
(a) Dimethyl sulfate (DMS, sulfuric acid dimethyl ester, 8.7.7.4.
CAS 77-78-1) 8.7.6.2.3 After application, the inert impermeable surrogate
(b) Sulfuric acid, 93.1 percent, specific gravity 1.84, 66° specimen shall be visually inspected to verify that the liquid
Baumé (CAS 7664-93-9) chemical challenge was correctly applied.
(c) Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, CAS
127-18-4) 8.7.6.2.4 The inert impermeable surrogate specimen with the
(d) Toluene (toluol, CAS 108-88-3) applied liquid chemical challenge shall be placed in a closed
(3) Liquid toxic industrial chemical for Class 2, Class 2R, large vial containing a known volume of solvent compatible
Class 3, and Class 3R ensemble element materials and with the analysis procedure in 8.7.6.2.5 to 8.7.6.2.8.
seams 8.7.6.2.5 The large vial with solvent and impermeable surro‐
(a) Dimethyl sulfate (DMS, sulfuric acid dimethyl ester, gate specimen with the applied liquid challenge chemical shall
CAS 77-78-1) be agitated for at least 1 hour to ensure complete extraction of
the challenge chemical.
8.7.6.2 Process for Determining the Mass of Liquid Chemical
Challenge Applied. 8.7.6.2.6 After agitation, the solvent vial shall be removed and
submitted for analysis of the liquid challenge chemical, using a
8.7.6.2.1 Prior to assembling the test cell and conducting the procedure capable of detecting 1.0 mg of the liquid challenge
test, the mass of the applied challenge chemical shall be deter‐ chemical.
mined using the procedure specified in 8.7.6.2.2 to 8.7.6.2.4.

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1994-72 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

.23
.10

.56

B
.20

Detail B Section A-A

Scale 1:1
⁵⁄₃₂ × 1.10 DP drill,
tap ¹⁄₄ NPT, 0.5 DP
2 plcs. Ø3.010 R.12
typ. 4 plcs.

A A

15°
1.40
15°

R1.25
typ. 2 plcs.

1.69
1.125
Ø3.00 2.5 REF
Tap ¹⁄₄–20 × ⁹⁄₁₆ DP
Ø4.00 3.5 in. B.C., typ. 4 plcs.,
eq. spaced

FIGURE 8.7.4.2(b) Lower Body (Collection Side). (Copyright ©2006 W.L. Gore & Associates,
Inc. Used by permission).

.10

.18

.10
Detail B
Ø4.00 Scale 1:1
Ø1.40
thru A
.09 Ø2.15 Ø2.51

.18 Ø2.10
Ø2.69 A Section A-A

⁹⁄₃₂ thru, 3.5 in.

B.C. 4 plcs.
eq. spacing

FIGURE 8.7.4.2(c) Sample Support Plate. (Copyright ©2006 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
Used by permission).

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 TEST METHODS 1994-73

8.7.6.2.7 Using the mass of the liquid challenge chemical Δ 8.7.6.3* The following challenge chemicals shall be tested as
detected in the extraction procedure and the exposed area of gases or vapors in dry air or nitrogen:
the test specimen defined by the test cell, the exposure concen‐ (1) Toxic industrial gases for Class 1 ensemble element mate‐
tration shall be 20 g/m2 (+1.0/−0.0 g/m2) for Class 1 ensemble rials and seams
materials and 10 g/m2 (+1.0/−0.0 g/m2) for Class 2 and Class 3
ensemble materials. (a) Acrolien (allyl aldehyde, CAS 107-02-8)
(b) Acrylonitrile (VCN, cyanoethylene, CAS 107-13-1)
8.7.6.2.8 The number of 1 μL liquid droplets shall be adjusted (c) Ammonia, anhydrous (NH3, CAS 7664-41-7)
to conform to the 20 g/m2 or 10 g/m2 (+1.0/–0.0 g/m2) (d) Chlorine (Cl2, CAS 7782-50-5)
concentration requirement, depending on the class of ensem‐ (e) Diethylamine (CAS 109-89-7)
ble materials being tested. (f) Ethyl acetate (acetic ether, acetic ester, CAS
141-78-6)
(2) Toxic industrial gases and vapors for Class 2, Class 2R,
Class 3, and Class 3R ensemble elements materials and
seams
(a) Ammonia (NH3, CAS 7664-41-7)
(b) Chlorine (Cl2, CAS 7782-50-5)
(c) Acrolein (allyl aldehyde, CAS 107-02-8)
(d) Acrylonitrile (VCN, cyanoethylene, CAS 107-13-1)
Ø4.00 8.7.7 Procedures.
.078 8.7.7.1 Preconditioning.
Δ 8.7.7.1.1 The test specimen, test equipment, and test cell
1.40 thru assembly shall be placed in an environmental chamber for a
minimum of 24 hours at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a rela‐
tive humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent, prior to testing.
N 8.7.7.1.2 Liquid challenge chemicals shall be at room temper‐
ature prior to testing.
8.7.7.2 Test Cell Assembly.
⁹⁄₃₂ thru, 3.5 in. B.C. 8.7.7.2.1 The test cell shall be assembled in the environmental
typ. 4 plcs., eq. spacing chamber at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity
of 80 percent ± 5 percent.
FIGURE 8.7.4.2(d) Compression Plate. (Copyright
©2006 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Used by permission).

Ø2.01
.10 .13
1¹⁄₂ in. square
Ø2.01
.38 thread, 45° chamfer
.50
Ø1.70 on leading and
trailing thread,
Ø1.625 0.5 in. deep
.563

.10 .13 Section A-A

Detail A
Scale 1:1
A
⁹⁄₃₂ thru
3.5 in. B.C., typ. 4 plcs. R.12
eq. spacing typ. 4 plcs. R1.25
1 ³⁄₈ thru typ. 2 plcs.

15°
1.40
15°

A A
⁵⁄₃₂ × 1.10 DP.,
¹⁄₄ NPT, × ¹⁄₂ DP
typ. 2 plcs. 1.69
1.125 2.5 REF
Ø4.00

FIGURE 8.7.4.2(e) Upper Body (Challenge Side). (Copyright ©2006 W.L. Gore & Associates,
Inc. Used by permission).

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1994-74 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

1¹⁄₂ in. square thread, 45° chamfer

on leading and trailing thread.

.38
.38
Ø2.13
.13

Ø1.61
Ø1.38

.75 .40
1.00
1.88

FIGURE 8.7.4.2(f) Top Cap. (Copyright ©2006 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Used by
permission).

8.7.7.2.2 O-Ring #1 shall be placed on the lower body (collec‐ 8.7.7.3 Verification of Test Cell Integrity.
tion side) of the test cell.
Δ 8.7.7.3.1 Test cell integrity shall be performed in the environ‐
8.7.7.2.3 The sample support plate shall be placed on the mental chamber at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative
lower body (collection side) of the test cell. humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent.
8.7.7.2.4 O-ring #2 (outer) and O-ring #3 (inner) shall be 8.7.7.3.2 Valves on the outlet ports of the upper and lower
placed in the respective grooves on the sample support plate. body of the test cell shall be closed.
8.7.7.2.5 The specimen shall be removed from the condition‐ 8.7.7.3.3 Both the upper and lower body inlet ports of the test
ing location in the environmental chamber and shall be placed cell shall be connected to a manometer.
on top of the sample support plate.
8.7.7.3.4 Both inlet ports shall be connected to a vacuum and
8.7.7.2.6 With the upper body (challenge side) of the test cell the test cell upper body and test cell lower body shall be
upside down, O-ring #4 shall be placed in the upper body of depressurized to 75 mm (3 in.) water column pressure.
the test cell on the specimen side and the compression plate
shall be positioned over O-ring #4. 8.7.7.3.5 If the test cell pressure drops below 50 mm (2 in.) of
water column within 2 minutes, the test cell shall be reassem‐
8.7.7.2.7 The upper body (challenge side) of the test cell with bled according to the steps in 8.7.7.2.
O-ring #4 and the compression plate shall be inverted, aligned
with the lug posts, and joined with the lower body (collection 8.7.7.3.6 Only test cells that have passed this integrity test shall
side) of the test cell. be used for testing.

8.7.7.2.8 Using the four cell sealing lugs, the cell halves shall 8.7.7.4 Determination of Procedure for Applying Liquid Chal‐
be clamped together and 51.8 cm-kg (45 in.-lb) of torque shall lenge Chemicals.
be applied to each lug to ensure a proper cell seal. 8.7.7.4.1 The liquid chemical challenge concentration shall
8.7.7.2.9 O-ring #5 shall be inserted into the groove around be 20 g/m2 (+1.0/–0.0 g/m2) for Class 1 ensembles.
the agent challenge port in the upper body of the test cell, and N 8.7.7.4.2 The liquid chemical challenge concentration shall
the cell top cap shall be screwed into place. be 10 g/m2 (1.0/−0.0 g/m2) for Class 2 and Class 3 ensemble
8.7.7.2.10 The integrity of the test cell assembly shall be veri‐ materials.
fied using the procedure in 8.7.7.3. Δ 8.7.7.4.3 The number of 1 μL droplets shall be permitted to
8.7.7.2.11 Each test cell shall be labeled with the challenge vary, depending on the density of the liquid chemical chal‐
chemical to be used in it. lenge.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-75

N 8.7.7.4.3.1 For Class 1 ensemble materials, 16 droplets shall be 8.7.7.5.5 After placing the liquid challenge chemical on the
applied evenly spaced around the perimeter and the remaining specimen in the test cell, the cell top cap shall be sealed within
droplets placed in the center. If more than 1 droplet is 5 seconds.
required in the center, the droplets shall be spaced 8.1 mm
(1∕3 in.) apart. For seams, the droplets in the center shall be 8.7.7.5.5.1 For testing of Class 1, Class 2, and Class 2R ensem‐
spaced along the seam juncture. ble materials, the filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C
(90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent
N 8.7.7.4.3.2 For Class 2 and Class 3 ensemble materials, 8 drop‐ ± 5 percent shall be flowed only to the collection side of the
lets shall be applied evenly spaced around the perimeter and test cell at a rate of 1.0 L/min ± 0.1 L/min. No air shall be
the remaining droplets placed in the center. If more than flowed across the challenge side of the test cell.
1 droplet is required in the center, the droplets shall be spaced
8.7.7.5.5.2 For testing of Class 3 and Class 3R ensemble mate‐
8.1 mm (1∕3 in.) apart. For seams, the droplets in the center
rials, the filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F
shall be spaced along the seam juncture.
± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent shall
8.7.7.4.4 A mechanical or automated device shall be permit‐ be flowed to the challenge side of the test cell at a rate of
ted for uniformly dispensing the droplets onto the surface of 0.3 L/min ± 0.03 L/min and to the collection sides of the test
the specimen. cell at a rate of 1.0 L/min ± 0.1 L/min.
Δ 8.7.7.4.5 When testing any liquid chemical, a quality control 8.7.7.5.6 The challenge chemical in the effluent air stream
trial shall be conducted to verify that the application process shall be collected, measured, and analyzed using either discrete
delivers either 10 g/m2 (1.0/–0.0 g/m2) or 20 g/m2 or cumulative methods for the first 15-minute +1.0/–0 minutes
(1.0/–0.0 g/m2) using the procedures in 8.7.6.2 as specific to interval and overall for 60 minutes +1.0 /–0 minutes.
the class of ensemble materials being evaluated. 8.7.7.5.7 The collection media for the challenge chemical
8.7.7.5 Procedure for Liquid Chemical Challenge. shall be analyzed using an appropriate analytical procedure.

8.7.7.5.1 The test cell shall be mounted horizontally and 8.7.7.5.8 At least one test shall be conducted with a specimen,
connected to the air delivery system in the environmental but without the challenge chemical, as a negative control.
chamber at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity •
8.7.7.5.9 The results from tests accompanied by unsuccessful
of 80 percent ± 5 percent. All connections shall be secured. negative controls shall not be used and the test shall be repea‐
8.7.7.5.2 The calibrated analytical detection system shall be ted.
assembled and initiated according to its instructions. 8.7.7.6 Procedure for Gas or Vapor Challenge Chemicals.
8.7.7.5.2.1 If bubblers are used, each bubbler shall be filled 8.7.7.6.1 The test cell shall be mounted horizontally and
with the proper collection solvent using a calibrated pipette or connected to the air delivery system in the environmental
equivalent device; the collection solvent shall incorporate an chamber at 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity
internal standard so adjustments can be made for solvent evap‐ of 80 percent ± 5 percent. All connections shall be secured.
oration/water condensation during sampling.
8.7.7.6.2 The air delivery shall be connected and flowing
8.7.7.5.2.2 If solid sorbent tubes are to be used, each sorbent 1 L/min of filtered air at a temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F
tube shall be cleaned by heating and purging; the absence of ± 2°F) and at a relative humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent to
any residual chemical shall be verified by the appropriate analy‐ the collection side of the test cell at least 15 minutes prior to
sis technique. the initiation of any gas or vapor challenge chemical.
N 8.7.7.5.2.3 Sampler tubes shall be attached to the test cell 8.7.7.6.3 The calibrated analytical detection system shall be
immediately prior to the application of challenge chemical to assembled and initiated according to its instructions.
avoid potentially adverse effects caused by the presence of
moisture in the collection media stream. N 8.7.7.6.3.1 If bubblers are used, each bubbler shall be filled
with the proper collection solvent using a calibrated pipette or
N 8.7.7.5.2.4 At the conclusion of the specified sampling inter‐ equivalent device; the collection solvent shall incorporate an
val, sampling tubes shall be replaced in a manner that ensures internal standard so adjustments can be made for solvent evap‐
permeant is not lost. oration/water condensation during sampling.
N 8.7.7.5.2.5 Permeant shall be desorbed from sampler tubes N 8.7.7.6.3.2 If solid sorbent tubes are to be used, each sorbent
immediately following removal from the test chamber. tube shall be cleaned by heating and purging; the absence of
N 8.7.7.5.2.6 Analysis of permeant extracts shall be performed any residual chemical shall be verified by the appropriate analy‐
within 24 hours of extraction. sis technique.

8.7.7.5.3 The air delivery shall be flowing filtered air at a N 8.7.7.6.3.3 Sampler tubes shall be attached to the test cell
temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F) and at a relative immediately prior to the application of challenge chemical to
humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent, to the collection side of the avoid potentially adverse effects caused by the presence of
test cell at least 15 minutes prior to the application of the chal‐ moisture in the collection media stream.
lenge chemical. N 8.7.7.6.3.4 At the conclusion of the specified sampling inter‐
8.7.7.5.4 With the cell top cap removed, 1 µL droplets shall be val, sampling tubes shall be replaced in a manner that ensures
placed through the agent challenge port of the test cell on the permeant is not lost.
specimen’s outer surface within 20 seconds, according to the N 8.7.7.6.3.5 Permeant shall be desorbed from sampler tubes
procedure determined in 8.7.7.4. immediately following removal from the test chamber.

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 1994-76 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 8.7.7.6.3.6 Analysis of permeant extracts shall be performed 8.7.8.1.1 If no challenge chemical is detected at the end of the
within 24 hours of extraction. 60-minute test period, then the cumulative permeation shall be
recorded and reported as less than the minimum detectable
8.7.7.6.4 The initiation of the test shall occur when the gas or mass per unit area for the specific chemical being tested.
vapor challenge chemical is introduced into the challenge side
of the test cell. 8.7.8.2 The average cumulative permeation shall be calculated
and reported by averaging the results from all specimens for
8.7.7.6.4.1 The supply of the gas or vapor challenge chemical each challenge chemical.
shall be sufficient to maintain the gas or vapor challenge chem‐
ical concentration during the exposure period of 60 minutes 8.7.8.2.1 For the calculation of average cumulative permea‐
+1.0/-0.0 minutes. tion, if the results of one or more of the specimens tested is less
than the minimum detectable cumulative permeation, then the
8.7.7.6.4.2 The gas or vapor challenge chemical shall be at a minimum detectable cumulative permeation shall be used as
temperature of 32°C ± 1°C (90°F ± 2°F). the result for those specimens.
8.7.7.6.4.3 For testing of Class 1 ensemble materials, the 8.7.8.2.2 For the calculation of average cumulative permea‐
concentration of the gas or vapor challenge chemical shall be tion, if the results of all the specimens tested are less than the
10,000 ppm +1,000/–0 ppm (by volume). minimum detectable cumulative permeation, then the average
N 8.7.7.6.4.4 For testing of Class 2 and Class 2R ensemble mate‐ cumulative permeation shall be reported as the minimum
rials, the concentration of the gas or vapor challenge chemical detectable cumulative permeation.
shall be 350 ppm +35/–0 ppm (by volume). 8.7.8.3* Additional Test Information to Be Reported. The
8.7.7.6.4.5 For testing of Class 3 and Class 3R ensemble mate‐ following additional information shall be recorded and repor‐
rials, the concentration of the gas or vapor challenge chemical ted as part of the individual test report for each material-
shall be 40 ppm +10/–0 ppm (by volume). chemical pair:

8.7.7.6.5 The challenge chemical in the effluent air stream (1) Material name
shall be collected, measured, and analyzed using either discrete (2) Chemical or chemical mixture identification
or cumulative methods for the first 15-minute +1.0/–0 minutes (3) Sampling technique, including sorbent material
interval and overall for 60 minutes +1.0/–0 minutes. (4) Desorption technique, including extraction solvent if a
sorbent tube is used
8.7.7.6.6 The collection media for the challenge chemical (5) Analytical instrumentation or analysis technique, includ‐
shall be analyzed using an appropriate analytical procedure. ing detector
(6) Method of calibration of analytical instrumentation
8.7.7.6.7 At least one test shall be conducted with the speci‐ (7) Desorption and retention efficiency, as applicable to
men, but without the challenge chemical, as a negative control. collection method
•
8.7.7.6.8 The results from tests accompanied by unsuccessful (8) Limit of detection of analysis technique
negative controls shall not be used, and the test shall be repea‐ (9) Minimum detectable cumulative permeation mass
ted. (10) Date of test
(11) Testing laboratory
8.7.7.7 Test Conclusion, Test Cell Cleaned, and Specimen (12) Any observations of degradation or other abnormalities
Disposal. at the conclusion of the testing of each specimen.
8.7.7.7.1 At the conclusion of the test, the test cell shall be 8.7.9 Interpretation. The average cumulative permeation for
purged and the air delivery and analytical system shall be shut the first 15-minute interval and overall for the 60-minute expo‐
down. sure for each challenge chemical shall be used to determine
8.7.7.7.2 Each cell shall be disassembled one at a time. pass or fail performance.

8.7.7.7.3 The tested specimen shall be inspected for degrada‐ 8.7.10 Specific Requirements for the CBRN Barrier Layer of
tion or other obvious abnormalities; these observations shall be Garments, Hoods, and Socks.
recorded with the test results. 8.7.10.1 Samples shall be conditioned by flexing as specified
8.7.7.7.4 Disposal of tested specimens and other supplies shall in 8.1.3 and shall be 200 mm × 280 mm (8 in. × 11 in.). Follow‐
be handled according to local, state, federal or other applica‐ ing flexing, one specimen shall be taken from the center of
ble regulations. each sample subjected to flexing for permeation resistance test‐
ing.
8.7.7.7.5 Each component of the test cell shall be rinsed with
acetone or other appropriate solvent to remove residual chemi‐ 8.7.10.2 Samples shall be conditioned by abrading as specified
cals and allowed to air dry in a clean area. in 8.1.4 and shall be as specified in Figure 8.1.4. Following
abrading, one specimen shall be taken from the center of each
8.7.7.7.6 Test cells shall be free of residual chemicals prior to sample subjected to abrading for permeation resistance testing.
reuse.
8.7.10.3 Preconditioning one sample to both flexing and
8.7.8 Report. abrading shall be permitted prior to permeation resistance test‐
ing.
8.7.8.1 The cumulative permeation for the first 15-minute
interval and overall for the 60-minute exposure shall be calcula‐ 8.7.11 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier
ted, recorded, and reported in μg/cm2 for each specimen for Layer of Visors.
each challenge chemical.
8.7.11.1 Samples for conditioning shall be visor materials.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-77

8.7.12 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier N 8.8.1.2 Modifications to this test method for Class 2 garment
Layer of Gloves. materials shall be as specified in 8.8.8.
8.7.12.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole gloves. 8.8.2 Samples.
•
8.7.13 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier 8.8.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be at least 1 m (1 yd)
Layer of Footwear. square of each material.
8.7.13.1 This test shall apply to all types of footwear configura‐ 8.8.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
tions.
8.8.3 Specimens.
8.7.13.2 Where the footwear incorporates a sock or overboot
constructed of garment material, the garment material flex Δ 8.8.3.1 Specimen size shall be the size required to cover the
fatigue resistance test as specified in 8.1.3 shall be permitted to sweating guarded hot plate.
be substituted for this test. 8.8.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.
8.7.13.3 Upper samples for conditioning shall be whole foot‐ 8.8.3.3 Specimens shall consist of all layers in the protective
wear items. garment base composite arranged in the order and orientation
• as worn and shall not include any reinforcement materials.
8.7.13.4 Footwear upper samples shall be conditioned by
abrading as specified in 8.1.4. 8.8.4 Apparatus. The test apparatus shall be as specified in
8.7.13.5 Following abrasion, only one test specimen for ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative
chemical permeation resistance testing shall be taken from Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate.
each sample subjected to abrasion. 8.8.5* Procedure. Testing shall be conducted in accordance
• with ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evapora‐
N 8.7.13.6 The chemical permeation test specimen shall be
taken from the exact center of the abraded sample so that the tive Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate,
center of the permeation test specimen and the center of the using Part C, with the following modifications:
abraded specimen coincide. (1) The specimen shall be placed on the test plate with the
side normally facing the human body toward the test
8.7.14 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier plate.
Layer’s Seams of Garments, Hoods, Socks, Visors, and Gloves. (2) For multiple layers, the layers shall be arranged in the
8.7.14.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 600 mm (231∕2 in.) order and orientation as worn.
lengths of prepared seam or cut from ensembles. (3) Each layer shall be smoothed by hand to eliminate wrin‐
kles or bubbles in each layer.
8.7.14.2 Seam specimens shall be prepared from seam (4) Once the test is started, no further adjustments to the
samples that have a minimum of 75 mm (3 in.) of material on specimen shall be made.
each side of the seam center.
8.8.6 Report.
8.7.14.3 Permeation test specimens shall be cut such that the
exact seam center divides the specimen in half. 8.8.6.1 The average intrinsic thermal resistance (Rcf) of the
sample shall be recorded and reported.
8.7.14.4 Seam specimens shall be prepared representing each
type of seam found in the garment, or shall be taken from each 8.8.6.2 The average apparent intrinsic evaporative resistance
type of seam found in the garment, including as a minimum (ARef) of the sample shall be recorded and reported.
the garment-to-garment material seams and the garment-to-
8.8.6.3 The average total heat loss (Qt) of the sample shall be
visor material seams.
determined and reported.
8.7.14.5 Seam specimens shall be taken from the gauntlet •
portion of the glove where an external seam is used in the N 8.8.7 Interpretation.
construction of the glove. N 8.8.7.1 Pass or fail determination shall be based on the aver‐
N 8.7.15 Specific Requirements for Testing Elastomeric Interface age reported total heat loss (Qt) measurement of all specimens
Materials. tested.

N 8.7.15.1 Samples shall not be subjected to conditioning by N 8.8.7.2 If an individual result from any test set varies more
flexing or abrasion. than ±10 percent from the average result, the results from the
test set shall be discarded and another set of specimens shall be
N 8.7.15.2 Specimens shall be taken from elastomeric interface tested.
sheet material or formed elastomeric interface items that are
representative of the elastomeric interface material nominal N 8.8.8 Requirements for Testing Class 2 Garment Materials.
thickness. The results for testing of Class 2 garment materials shall be for
reporting purposes only. No minimum average total heat loss
8.8 Total Heat Loss Test. requirement shall apply.
8.8.1 Application. 8.9 Burst Strength Test.
N 8.8.1.1 This test method shall apply to the garment materials 8.9.1 Application.
used in Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 ensembles.
8.9.1.1 This test shall apply to garment and visor materials.

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 1994-78 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

8.9.1.2 Where the garment or visor is constructed of several 8.11 Cold Temperature Performance Test 1.
separable layers, then all layers, assembled in the order in
which they appear in the garment or visor, shall be tested as a 8.11.1 Application. This test method shall apply to garment,
composite. glove, hood materials, and elastomeric interface materials.

8.9.2 Samples. 8.11.2 Samples.

8.9.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m (1 yd) squares 8.11.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m (1 yd) squares
of material. of material.

8.9.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. 8.11.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.

8.9.3 Specimens. 8.11.3 Specimens.

8.9.3.1 Specimens shall be the size required by ASTM D751, 8.11.3.1 Specimens shall be of the size required by ASTM
Standard Test Methods for Testing Coated Fabrics. D747, Standard Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas‐
• tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam.
N 8.9.3.2 At least 10 specimens shall be tested.
8.11.3.2 At least five specimens in the warp, machine or
8.9.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance course direction, and five specimens in the filling, cross-
with Section 18.2, Tensile Testing Machine with Ring Clamp, of machine or wale direction, shall be tested.
ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for Testing Coated Fabrics.
8.11.3.3 If the material is isotropic, then ten specimens shall
8.9.5 Report. The burst strength of each specimen shall be be tested.
recorded and reported to the nearest 1 N (0.23 lbf). The aver‐
age burst strength of all specimens shall be calculated, recor‐ Δ 8.11.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance
ded, and reported. with ASTM D747, Standard Test Method for Apparent Bending
Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam, with the follow‐
8.9.6 Interpretation. The average burst strength shall be used ing modifications:
to determine pass or fail performance. (1) The test temperature shall be –25°C (–13°F).
8.10 Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test. (2) The bending moment shall be applied with the specimen
bent to a 60-degree angular deflection and shall be calcu‐
8.10.1 Application. This test shall apply to garment and hood lated as follows:
materials. If the protective garment is constructed of several
layers, then all layers, assembled in the order in which they
appear in the garment, shall be tested as a composite. [8.11.4]
load scale reading × moment weight
8.10.2 Samples. Bending moment =
100
8.10.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 1 m (1 yd) squares
of material. where:
Bending moment, N·m, = bending moment,
8.10.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. in. lb × 0.113
8.10.3 Specimens. (3) Values may be obtained for materials which are too flexi‐
ble to measure with this apparatus by laminating to a stiff‐
8.10.3.1 Specimens shall be of the size required by ASTM ening material that yields a valid test value and
D2582, Standard Test Method for Puncture Propagation Tear Resist‐ subtracting out the stiffening materials Bending Moment
ance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting. when tested alone. Permitted lamination techniques
8.10.3.2 At least five specimens in the warp, machine or include fastening of one or both ends of the specimens.
course direction, and five specimens in the filling, cross- 8.11.5 Report. Cold temperature performance results shall
machine or wale direction, shall be tested. be recorded and reported as the average for each material
8.10.3.3 If the material is isotropic, then ten specimens shall direction.
be tested. 8.11.6 Interpretation. Failure of the material in any direction
8.10.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance shall constitute failing performance.
with ASTM D2582, Standard Test Method for Puncture Propagation 8.12 Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test.
Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting.
8.12.1 Application.
8.10.5 Report. The puncture propagation tear resistance of
each specimen shall be recorded and reported to the nearest 8.12.1.1 This test shall be applied to all types of garment and
0.05 kg (0.1 lb) of force. An average puncture propagation tear hood seams and the garment closure assembly used in the
resistance shall be calculated, recorded, and reported for warp construction of the garment and hood. If the garment consists
and filling directions. of multiple separable layers, then the test shall be applied to
the seams and closure assemblies of each separable layer.
8.10.6 Interpretation. Pass or fail performance shall be based
on the average puncture propagation tear resistance in the 8.12.1.2 Modifications to this test method for testing seams
warp and filling directions. Failure in any one direction shall shall be as specified in 8.12.7.
constitute failure for the material. 8.12.1.3 Modifications to this test method for testing closure
assemblies shall be as specified in 8.12.8.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-79

8.12.2 Samples. 8.13.2 Samples.

8.12.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be the size required by Δ 8.13.2.1 Samples shall be at least 305 mm (12 in.) squares of
ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for Testing Coated Fabrics, and visor material.
8.12.7 or 8.12.8 as appropriate.
8.13.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
8.12.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2 and
8.12.7 or 8.12.8 as appropriate. 8.13.3 Specimens.

8.12.2.3 Samples shall be straight seams or closure assemblies 8.13.3.1 Specimens shall be 450 mm × 305 mm (17.72 in. ×
cut from finished garments or shall be permitted to be 12 in.).
prepared by joining two pieces of the garment material in the 8.13.3.2 At least five specimens shall be tested.
same manner as seams or closures in the finished garment are
prepared. 8.13.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance
with Section 9.11 of ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, American National Stand‐
N 8.12.2.4 Closure samples shall be permitted to be individual ard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protec‐
samples cut to the specimen width. tive Devices, with the following modifications:
8.12.3 Specimens. (1) Visor material shall be securely mounted to the test
fixture as shown in Figure 8.26.4.1.
8.12.3.1 Specimens shall be the same as the samples specified (2) The sample number shall be indicated.
in 8.12.2.3. (3) The impact location shall be in the center apex of the
8.12.3.2 At least five specimens shall be tested for each seam visor between the frame members.
and closure assembly type. (4) Testing shall be performed on samples conditioned for a
minimum of 4 hours at –25°C (–13°F).
N 8.12.3.3 Closure sample specimen width shall be permitted to (5) Testing shall commence between 60 seconds and
be 25 mm ± 6 mm (1 in. ± 1∕4 in.) larger than the required speci‐ 90 seconds.
men size. The specimen edges at the closure shall be permitted (6) The sample shall not be allowed to move more than
to be secured by stitching or tacking. 6 mm (0.25 in.).
•
8.12.4 Procedure. All seams and closure assemblies shall be Δ 8.13.5 Report. Visible penetration or full-thickness cracks
tested in accordance with ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for shall be recorded and reported.
Testing Coated Fabrics.
8.13.6 Interpretation. Penetration or full-thickness cracking
8.12.5 Report. on any specimen shall constitute failing performance.
•
8.12.5.1 The breaking strength for each seam or closure 8.14 Cut Resistance Test.
assembly specimen shall be recorded and reported. The aver‐
age breaking strength for each seam or closure assembly type 8.14.1 Application.
shall also be reported. 8.14.1.1 This test method shall apply to glove, footwear upper,
8.12.5.2 The type of seams and closure assemblies tested shall and interface gasket materials.
be recorded and reported as to whether the specimens were 8.14.1.2 Modifications to this test method for testing glove
cut from the finished garment or prepared from fabric materials shall be as specified in 8.14.7.
samples.
8.14.1.3 Modifications to this test method for testing footwear
8.12.6 Interpretation. The average breaking strength for each upper materials shall be as specified in 8.14.8.
seam or closure type shall be used to determine pass or fail
performance. N 8.14.1.4 Modifications to this test method for testing elasto‐
meric interface materials shall be as specified in 8.14.9.
8.12.7 Specific Procedures for Testing Seams.
8.14.2 Samples.
8.12.7.1 Samples for conditioning shall include 150 mm
(6 in.) of material on either side of the seam. 8.14.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole gloves, whole
footwear, or interface gaskets.
8.12.7.2 Specimens shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
8.14.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
8.12.8 Specific Procedures for Testing Closure Assemblies.
8.14.3 Specimens.
8.12.8.1 Samples for conditioning shall include 150 mm
(6 in.) of material on either side of the closure. Δ 8.14.3.1 Specimens shall be the size required by ASTM F1790,
Test Methods for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in
8.12.8.2 Specimens shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.7. Protective Clothing.
8.13 Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test. 8.14.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.
8.13.1 Application. 8.14.3.3 Specimens shall be as specified in 8.14.7 or 8.14.8 as
N 8.13.1.1 This test method shall apply to visor materials. appropriate and shall consist of all layers.

N 8.13.1.2 Where the visor is constructed of several layers, all Δ 8.14.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be evaluated in accord‐
layers assembled in the order in which they appear in the suit ance with ASTM F1790, Test Methods for Measuring Cut Resistance
shall be tested as a composite. of Materials Used in Protective Clothing, with the specimens tested

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 1994-80 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

at a specific load in grams for the measurement of the distance 8.15.3.3 Specimens shall be as specified in 8.15.7 or 8.15.8 as
of blade travel. appropriate and shall consist of all layers.
8.14.5 Report. The distance of blade travel shall be recorded 8.15.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance
and reported to the nearest 1 mm (1∕32 in.) for each sample with ASTM F1342, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Protective
specimen. The average distance of blade travel shall be recor‐ Clothing Materials to Puncture, using Method A.
ded and reported for all specimens tested.
8.15.5 Report. The puncture force shall be recorded and
8.14.6 Interpretation. The average distance of blade travel reported for each specimen to the nearest 0.5 N (0.1 lbf). The
shall be used to determine pass or fail performance. average puncture force shall be recorded and reported for all
specimens tested.
8.14.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Materials.
8.15.6 Interpretation. The average puncture force shall be
8.14.7.1 Specimens shall be taken from the back and palm of used to determine pass or fail performance.
the glove and shall not include seams.
8.15.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Materials.
8.14.7.2 Class 1, Class 2, Class 3R, and Class 4R glove speci‐ Specimens shall be taken from the back and palm of the glove
mens shall be tested at a load of 150 g (51∕2 oz). and shall not include seams. Specimens shall consist of each
8.14.7.3 Class 3 and Class 4 glove specimens shall be tested at composite of the palm, palm side of the fingers, and back of
a load of 75 g (21∕2 oz). the glove used in actual suit glove configuration, with layers
arranged in the proper order. Where the specimen composites
8.14.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear Upper of the palm, palm side of the fingers, and back of the glove are
Materials. identical, only one representative composite shall be required
to be tested.
8.14.8.1 Specimens shall be taken from the parts of the foot‐
wear upper that provide uniform thickness and shall not 8.15.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear Upper
include seams. Materials. Specimens shall be taken from the parts of the foot‐
wear upper that provide uniform thickness and shall not
8.14.8.2 Class 1, Class 2, Class 3R, and Class 4R footwear
include seams.
upper specimens shall be tested at a load of 550 g (191∕2 oz).
N 8.15.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Elastomeric Interface
8.14.8.3 Class 3 and Class 4 footwear upper specimens shall be Materials. Specimens shall be taken from elastomeric inter‐
tested at a load of 350 g (121∕2 oz). face sheet material or formed elastomeric interface items that
N 8.14.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Elastomeric Interface are representative of the elastomeric interface material nomi‐
Materials. nal thickness.
N 8.14.9.1 Specimens shall be taken from elastomeric interface 8.16 Glove Hand Function Test.
sheet material or formed elastomeric interface items that are 8.16.1 Application. This test shall apply to gloves.
representative of the elastomeric interface material nominal
thickness. 8.16.2 Samples.
N 8.14.9.2 Cut resistance testing shall be performed under a 8.16.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole glove pairs.
load of 50 g (1.75 oz).
8.16.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
8.15 Puncture Resistance Test 1.
8.16.3 Specimens.
8.15.1 Application.
8.16.3.1 Specimens shall be whole glove pairs, size small and
8.15.1.1 This test shall be applied to glove and footwear upper large.
materials.
8.16.3.2 At least three specimens size small and three speci‐
8.15.1.2 Modifications to this test method for testing glove mens size large shall be tested.
materials shall be as specified in 8.15.7.
8.16.3.3 Specimens shall be tested as a complete set in new, as
8.15.1.3 Modifications to this test method for testing footwear distributed, condition.
upper materials shall be as specified in 8.15.8.
8.16.3.4 Specimens shall not receive special softening treat‐
N 8.15.1.4 Modifications to this test method for testing elasto‐ ments prior to testing.
meric interface materials shall be as specified in 8.15.9.
8.16.4 Apparatus. The apparatus shall be as specified in
8.15.2 Samples. ASTM F2010/F2010M, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of
Glove Effects on Wearer Hand Dexterity Using a Modified Pegboard
8.15.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be complete gloves or Test.
footwear upper sections.
8.16.5 Procedures. The testing procedures shall be as speci‐
8.15.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. fied in ASTM F2010, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Glove
8.15.3 Specimens. Effects on Wearer Hand Dexterity Using a Modified Pegboard Test.
8.15.3.1 Specimens shall be at least 150 mm (6 in.) square. 8.16.6 Report.
8.15.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested. 8.16.6.1 The average percent increase in bare-handed control
shall be recorded and reported for each test subject.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-81

8.16.6.2 The average percent increase in bare-handed control (a) Is flat, unglazed clay quarry tile, wider than the test
for all test subjects shall be calculated, recorded, and reported. specimen and long enough to allow a sliding
distance of at least 75 mm without crossing a joint
8.16.7 Interpretation. The average percent increase in bare- (b) Is sufficiently flat to allow it to be secured on the
handed control shall be used to determine pass or fail perform‐ mounting table such that no movement occurs
ance. between the tile and mounting table during the test
8.17 Abrasion Resistance Test 1. (c) Has a ribbed profile or directional marking on the
underside to identify the direction in which the tile
8.17.1 Application. This test method shall apply to footwear should be aligned (with the ribs parallel to the slid‐
soles with heels. ing direction)
8.17.2 Samples. (d) Conforms to the values specified in Table 8.18.4
when calibrated by the Slider 96 method
8.17.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be uniform cylinders (4)* Calibration of the tiles shall be checked after every 10
of footwear soles and heel material. tests or prior to each day of testing, whichever is the less
frequent, to ensure that they are not being worn smooth
8.17.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. or otherwise damaged.
8.17.3 Specimens. At least three specimens shall be tested. 8.18.5 Report.
•
8.17.4 Procedure. Abrasion resistance shall be performed in 8.18.5.1 The coefficient of each specimen shall be recorded
accordance with ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — and reported.
Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical
device, Method A, with a vertical force of 10 N over the abrasion 8.18.5.2 The average coefficient of all specimens for each
distance of 40 m. configuration shall be calculated, recorded, and reported.
8.17.5 Report. The relative volume loss of each specimen 8.18.6 Interpretation. The average coefficient for each config‐
shall be recorded and reported. uration shall be used to determine pass/fail performance.
8.17.6 Interpretation. One or more footwear specimens fail‐ 8.19 Evaporative Resistance Test.
ing this test shall constitute failing performance.
• 8.19.1 Application.
8.18 Slip Resistance Test.
N 8.19.1.1 This test method shall apply to the garment materials
8.18.1 Application. This test method shall apply to footwear. used in Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, Class 3R, Class 4, and Class 4R
ensembles.
8.18.2 Samples.
N 8.19.1.2 Modifications to this test method for Class 2 and
8.18.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be complete footwear Class 2R garment materials shall be as specified in 8.19.8.
in men's size 9D medium width.
8.19.2 Samples.
8.18.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in ISO
13287, Personal Protective Equipment — Footwear — Test Method for 8.19.2.1 Samples shall be conditioned at a temperature of
Slip Resistance. 25°C ± 7°C (77°F ± 13°F) and a relative humidity of 65 percent
± 5 percent, for at least 4 hours.
8.18.3 Specimens.
N 8.19.2.2 The minimum sample size shall be 51 cm × 51 cm
8.18.3.1 Specimens shall be complete footwear soles of the (20 in. × 20 in.).
size required by ISO 13287, Personal Protective Equipment — Foot‐ •
wear — Test Method for Slip Resistance. 8.19.3 Specimens.
8.18.3.2 At least three specimens in men’s size 9D, medium 8.19.3.1 Specimen size shall be the size required to cover the
width shall be tested. sweating guarded hot plate.
8.18.4 Procedure. Slip resistance shall be performed in 8.19.3.2 Evaporative resistance testing shall be conducted on
accordance with ISO 13287, Personal protective equipment — Foot‐ at least three specimens.
wear — Test method for slip resistance, in the following configura‐
tions. References to any other flooring and/or contaminant 8.19.3.3 Specimens shall consist of all layers in the protective
within ISO 13287 shall not apply. garment composite, arranged in the order and orientation as
worn, and shall not include any reinforcement materials.
(1) Footwear shall be tested both in the forepart and heel
positions. 8.19.4 Apparatus.
(2) Footwear shall be tested in the wet condition, which shall N 8.19.4.1 The test apparatus shall be as specified in ISO 11092,
be achieved using distilled or deionized water. The water Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal and water-
shall be applied to thoroughly wet the testing surface and
make a pool at least as wide and long as the test portion
of the footwear in the area of initial contact. Table 8.18.4 Calibration Values for Quarry Tiles
(3) Footwear shall be tested on a quarry tile surface that
meets the following specifications:
Dry CoF Wet CoF
Minimum 0.57 0.43
Maximum 0.63 0.49

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 1994-82 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded- 8.20.2 Samples.

hotplate test).
8.20.2.1 Samples shall be as specified in 8.20.7 through
N 8.19.4.2 The dimensions for the sweating guarded hot plate 8.20.11 as appropriate.
shall be a 25.4 cm (10 in.) test plate with a 12.7 cm (5 in.)
guard surrounding the test plate. 8.20.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.20.7
through 8.20.11 as appropriate and then as specified in 8.1.2.
N 8.19.5 Procedure. Testing shall be conducted in accordance
with ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurements of 8.20.3 Specimens.
thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions 8.20.3.1 Specimens shall be 75 mm (3 in.) squares.
(sweating guarded-hotplate test), with the following modifications:
8.20.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested for each mate‐
(1) The specimen shall be placed on the test plate with the rial type.
side normally facing the human body toward the test
plate. 8.20.4 Procedure.
(2) For multiple layers, the layers shall be arranged in the
order and orientation as worn. 8.20.4.1 Biopenetration resistance testing shall be conducted
(3) Each layer shall be smoothed by hand to eliminate wrin‐ in accordance with ASTM F1671, Standard Test Method for Resist‐
kles or bubbles in each layer and, if necessary, secure the ance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-
edges. Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage as a Test System,
(4) Once the test is started, no further adjustments to the Procedure A.
specimen shall be made. 8.20.4.2 The normal outer surface of the material shall be
8.19.6 Report. exposed to the liquid as oriented in the clothing item.

N 8.19.6.1 The total evaporative resistance (Ref) of each sample 8.20.5 Report. The pass or fail result for each specimen shall
be recorded and reported.
shall be recorded and reported.
8.20.6 Interpretation. One or more failures of any specimen
N 8.19.6.2 The average total evaporative resistance (Ref) of all
against any liquid shall constitute failure of the material.
tested samples shall be recorded and reported.
8.20.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Garment Materials.
8.19.7 Interpretation.
8.20.7.1 Samples shall be conditioned by flexing as specified
N 8.19.7.1 Pass or fail determination shall be based on the aver‐ in 8.1.3. Samples shall be 200 mm × 280 mm (8 in. × 11 in.).
age reported total evaporative resistance (Ret) measurement of Following flexing, one specimen shall be taken from the center
all specimens tested. of each sample subjected to flexing for viral penetration test‐
N 8.19.7.2 If an individual result from any test set varies more ing.
than ±10 percent from the average result, the results from the 8.20.7.2 Samples shall be conditioned by abrading as specified
test set shall be discarded and another set of specimens shall be in 8.1.4. Samples shall be as specified in Figure 8.1.4. Following
tested. abrading, one specimen shall be taken from the center of each
N 8.19.8 Requirements for Testing Class 2 and Class 2R Garment sample subjected to abrading for viral penetration testing.
Materials. The results for testing of Class 2 and Class 2R 8.20.7.3 Preconditioning one sample to both flexing and
garment materials shall be for reporting purposes only. No abrading shall be permitted prior to viral penetration testing.
minimum evaporative resistance requirement shall apply.
8.20.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Visor or Facepiece
8.20 Viral Penetration Resistance Test. Materials.
8.20.1 Application. 8.20.8.1 Samples for conditioning shall be visor materials or
8.20.1.1 This test shall apply to Class 1, Class 2, Class 2R, facepiece materials.
Class 3, Class 3R, Class 4, and Class 4R garments, gloves, and 8.20.8.2 Where the ensemble utilizes the respirator facepiece
footwear materials; garment and glove seams; and visors. as the ensemble visor as specified in 6.1.7, this test method
8.20.1.2 Modifications to this test method for testing garment shall also apply to each type of material used in the construc‐
materials after flexing and abrasion shall be as specified in tion of the respirator facepiece that is exposed to the environ‐
8.20.7. ment.

8.20.1.3 Modifications to this test method for testing visor or 8.20.8.3 The specimen shall also include the respirator where
facepiece materials shall be as specified in 8.20.8. applicable.

Δ 8.20.1.4 Modifications to this test method for testing glove 8.20.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Materials.
materials shall be as specified in 8.20.9. Samples for conditioning shall be whole gloves.
•
Δ 8.20.1.5 Modifications to this test method for testing footwear 8.20.10 Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear Materials
materials after abrasion shall be as specified in 8.20.10. After Abrading.

8.20.1.6 Modifications to this test method for testing garment 8.20.10.1 This test shall apply to all types of footwear configu‐
and glove seams shall be as specified in 8.20.11. rations.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-83

8.20.10.2 Where the footwear incorporates a sock or overboot 8.21.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.21.7 or
constructed of garment material, the garment material flex fati‐ 8.21.8 as appropriate and then as specified in 8.1.2.
gue resistance test as specified in 8.1.3 shall be permitted to be
substituted for this test. 8.21.3 Specimens.

8.20.10.3 Upper samples for conditioning shall be whole foot‐ 8.21.3.1 Specimens shall consist of the whole glove or foot‐
wear items. wear elements with all layers assembled that are required for
the element to be compliant.
8.20.10.4 Upper samples shall be as specified in Figure 8.1.4.
• 8.21.3.2 At least ten glove specimens shall be tested or at least
Δ 8.20.10.5 The upper samples that were taken per 8.20.10.4 three footwear specimens shall be tested as appropriate.
shall then be conditioned by abrading as specified in 8.1.4.
8.21.4 Procedure. Liquidtight integrity testing of gloves and
8.20.10.6 Following abrasion, only one test specimen for viral footwear shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D5151,
penetration resistance testing shall be taken from each sample Standard Test Method for Detection of Holes in Medical Gloves, with
subjected to abrasion. the following modifications:
8.20.10.7 The chemical permeation test specimen shall be (1) The surface tension of the water used in testing shall be
taken from the exact center of the abraded sample so that the 32 dynes/cm ± 2 dynes/cm.
center of the penetration test specimen and the center of the (2) The surfactant-treated water shall remain in the specimen
abraded specimen coincide. for a period of 1 hour +5/-0 minutes.
(3) Observations for leakage shall be performed at the end of
8.20.11 Specific Requirements for Testing Garment or Glove the test period.
Seams. (4) Blotting paper shall be permitted to be used for assisting
8.20.11.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 600 mm (23 ∕2 in.) 1 in the determination that liquid leakage has occurred.
lengths of prepared seam or cut from ensembles. 8.21.5 Report. Observations of water leakage shall be
8.20.11.2 Seam specimens shall be prepared from seam recorded and reported by specific area on the test specimen.
samples that have a minimum of 75 mm (3 in.) of material on 8.21.6 Interpretation. Any evidence of water leakage, as deter‐
each side of the seam center. Permeation test specimens shall mined by visual, tactile, or absorbent blotting, shall constitute
be cut such that the exact seam center divides the specimen in failure of the specimen.
half.
8.21.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Gloves.
8.20.11.3 Seam specimens shall be prepared representing
each different type of seam found in the garment, or shall be 8.21.7.1 Specimens shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.5.
taken from each type of seam found in the garment, including 8.21.7.2 A sufficient amount of surfactant-treated water shall
as a minimum the garment-to-garment material seams and the be added to the specimen so that the water is within 25 mm
garment-to-visor material seams. (1 in.) of the edge of the glove opening.
8.20.11.4 Seam specimens from gloves shall be taken from the 8.21.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear.
gauntlet portion of the glove when an external seam is used in
the construction of the glove. 8.21.8.1 Specimens shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.6.
N 8.20.12 Specific Requirements for Testing Elastomeric Inter‐ 8.21.8.2 A sufficient amount of surfactant-treated water shall
face Materials. be added to the specimen so that the water is within 25 mm
(1 in.) of the edge of the footwear opening.
N 8.20.12.1 Samples shall not be subjected to conditioning by
flexing or abrasion. 8.22 Abrasion Resistance Test 2.
N 8.20.12.2 Specimens shall be taken from elastomeric interface 8.22.1 Application. This test method shall apply to footwear
sheet material or formed elastomeric interface items that are covers where the barrier layer is configured as an exterior layer.
representative of the elastomeric interface material nominal
thickness. 8.22.2 Samples.

8.21 Liquidtight Integrity Test 2. 8.22.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be at least 500 mm (1∕2
yd) squares of material.
8.21.1 Application.
8.22.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.3.
8.21.1.1 This test method shall apply to Class 1, Class 2,
Class 2R, Class 3, Class 3R, Class 4, and Class 4R gloves and 8.22.3 Specimens.
footwear. 8.22.3.1 Specimens shall be the size specified in ASTM D3884,
8.21.1.2 Modifications to this test method for testing gloves Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Plat‐
shall be as specified in 8.21.7. form, Double-Head Method).

8.21.1.3 Modifications to this test method for testing footwear 8.22.3.2 A minimum of five specimens shall be tested.
shall be as specified in 8.21.8. 8.22.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance
8.21.2 Samples. with ASTM D3884, Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of
Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method), with the
8.21.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be whole glove or foot‐ following modifications:
wear elements.

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1994-84 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

(1) The H-18 Calibrase wheels shall be used with a 1000 g (4) The error of the machine shall not exceed 2 percent of
load. any reading within its loading range.
(2) The abrasion shall be continued until a hole, wear- (5) The machine shall be outfitted with a compression cell.
through, or rupture in the film portion of the material is The testing machine shall be configured with the
observed. compression cell on either the lower or upper arm.
8.22.5 Report. The number of cycles required for the forma‐ 8.23.5 Procedure.
tion of a hole, wear-through, or rupture in the film portion of
the material shall be recorded and reported. 8.23.5.1 Specimens shall be clamped into the specimen
mounting ring and attached to the fixed arm of a tensile test‐
8.22.6 Interpretation. The number of cycles required for the ing machine.
formation of a hole, wear-through, or rupture in the film
portion of the material shall be used to determine pass or fail 8.23.5.2 The flat plate pushing device shall be attached to the
performance. movable arm of a tensile testing machine.

8.23 Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test. 8.23.5.3 The tensile testing machine shall be set in operation
but stopped when the exhaust valve either breaks through the
8.23.1 Application. This test method shall apply to exhaust material or when the material breaks along the specimen
valves mounted in Class 1, Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, Class 3R, mounting ring. The flat plate pushing device shall have a veloc‐
Class 4, and Class 4R ensembles. ity of 305 mm/min (12 in./min) under load conditions and
shall be uniform at all times.
8.23.2 Samples.
8.23.5.4 The maximum force registered by the indicating
8.23.2.1 Samples shall be an exhaust valve mounted into a device of the tensile testing machine shall be recorded for each
piece of garment material having a minimum diameter of determination.
200 mm (8 in.). The means of mounting the exhaust valve shall
be representative of the construction practices used in the 8.23.6 Report.
ensemble.
8.23.6.1 The mounting strength of each specimen shall be
8.23.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. reported to the nearest 1 N (1∕4 lbf).
8.23.3 Specimens. 8.23.6.2 The average mounting strength shall be calculated
and reported to the nearest 1 N (1∕4 lbf).
8.23.3.1 Specimens shall be complete exhaust valve assemblies
mounted into a piece of ensemble material. 8.23.7 Interpretation. The average mounting strength shall
be used to determine pass/fail performance.
8.23.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.
8.24 Exhaust Valve Inward Leakage Test.
8.23.4 Apparatus.
8.24.1 Application. This test method shall apply to exhaust
8.23.4.1 A specimen mounting ring shall be used for clamping
valves used in Class 1, Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, Class 3R,
the sample.
Class 4, and Class 4R ensembles.
8.23.4.1.1 The mounting ring shall have an inner diameter of
8.24.2 Samples.
150 mm (6 in.).
8.24.2.1 Samples shall be individual exhaust valves including
8.23.4.1.2 The mounting ring shall have a means for tightly
mounting means.
clamping the specimen along the circumference of the ring
and shall hold the specimen perpendicular to the motion of 8.24.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.8.
the pushing force.
8.24.3 Specimens.
8.23.4.1.3 The mounting ring shall be designed such that a
means is provided for affixing it to the fixed (bottom) arm of a 8.24.3.1 Specimens shall be individual exhaust valves includ‐
tensile testing machine and that a minimum 50 mm (2 in.) ing mounting means.
unobstructed space is provided under the specimen. 8.24.3.2 At least ten specimens shall be tested.
8.23.4.2 A flat plate pushing device shall be 50 mm (2 in.) in 8.24.3.3 Specimens shall be tested not more than 5 minutes
diameter and shall have a means for being attached to the after removal from conditioning.
movable (upper) arm of a tensile testing machine. The flat
plate shall be oriented perpendicular to the motion of the 8.24.4 Apparatus. The test fixture used to measure exhaust
pushing force. valve inward leakage shall have the following characteristics:
8.23.4.3 The tensile testing machine shall meet the following (1) The fixture shall allow mounting of any exhaust valve
criteria: such that an airtight seal is achieved between the valve
body and the fixture.
(1) The machine shall be capable of holding the specimen (2) The fixture shall provide for the application of suction
mounting ring securely in the fixed lower arm. from a vacuum pump capable of sustaining a –25 mm
(2) The machine shall be capable of holding the flat plate (–1 in.) water column gauge vacuum.
pushing device securely in the movable upper arm. (3) The fixture shall include a pressure gauge or manometer
(3) The machine shall have a calibrated dial, scale, or chart capable of measuring pressures ranging from –25 mm to
to indicate the applied load and elongation. 76 mm ± 6 mm (–1 in. to 3 in. ± 1∕4 in. water gauge) water
column gauge.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-85

(4) The fixture shall allow for the measurement of flow into N 8.26 Maximum Ensemble Ventilation Rate Test.
the valve (valve exterior to valve interior sides) with a
flow-measuring device capable of measuring flow rates N 8.26.1 Application. This test method shall apply to encapsu‐
from at least 0 mL/min to 100 mL/min ± 1 mL/min lating Class 1 ensembles.
(0 in.3/min to 6.1 in.3/min ± 0.6 in.3/min). N 8.26.2 Sample Preparation.
(5) The testing shall be carried out in an environment
controlled to 21°C ± 3°C (70°F ± 5°F) and a relative N 8.26.2.1 Samples shall be complete Class 1 ensembles.
humidity of 80 percent ± 5 percent. N 8.26.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
8.24.5 Procedure. The exhaust valve shall be mounted in the N 8.26.3 Specimens.
test fixture and a suction of –25 mm (–1 in.) water column
gauge vacuum shall be applied to the side of the valve repre‐ N 8.26.3.1 Specimens shall be complete Class 1 ensembles.
senting the suit interior for 30 seconds while the flow rate into
the valve is measured. N 8.26.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.

8.24.6 Report. The inward leakage flow rate shall be reported N 8.26.3.3 The test specimen shall include all outer wear and
for each specimen, and the average inward leakage of all speci‐ other items required for the Class 1 ensemble to be compliant
mens shall be calculated. with this standard.

8.24.7 Interpretation. The average inward leakage shall be N 8.26.4 Apparatus.

used to determine pass/fail in accordance with this standard. N 8.26.4.1 Configuration of Whole Suit Maximum Airflow Test.
N 8.25 Gastight Integrity Test. A suit wall connector capable of accommodating the attach‐
ment of an airline hose from a pressurized air source shall be
N 8.25.1 Application. This test method shall apply to Class 1 installed in the back mid-torso region of the Class 1 ensemble
ensembles. to be tested as indicated in Figure 8.26.4.1. The connector and
airline hose shall allow an airflow rate of 500 L/min. The
N 8.25.2 Sample Preparation. connector used in this test shall be permitted to be a standard
N 8.25.2.1 Samples shall be complete Class 1 ensemble. airline connection that is used with airline respiratory equip‐
ment.
N 8.25.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
N 8.26.4.2 A flowmeter capable of measuring airflow rates of 0
N 8.25.3 Specimens. to 1000 L/min ±25 L/min, calibrated for air and the condi‐
N 8.25.3.1 Specimens shall be complete Class 1 ensembles. tions of use, shall be used on the airline hose.

N 8.25.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested. N 8.26.4.3 A pressure gauge capable of measuring pressures
from 0 to 510 mm, ±3 mm (0 to 20 in., ±1∕8 in.) water column
N 8.25.3.3 Where the ensemble consists of multiple separate gauge pressure shall be attached via a second suit wall connec‐
layers, and outer layers are not considered gastight, then only tor at the very top of the Class 1 ensemble.
the portion of the Class 1 ensemble that is considered gastight
shall be tested. N 8.26.5 Procedure.

N 8.25.4 Procedure. N 8.26.5.1 Following the attachment of the two connectors, the
gastight integrity of the ensemble shall be tested as specified in
N 8.25.4.1 Specimens shall be tested in accordance with ASTM Section 8.25.
F1052, Standard Test Method for Pressure Testing of Vapor-Protective
Ensembles. N 8.26.5.2 During the test, the pressure gauge specified in
8.26.5.3 shall be attached to one bulkhead connector; the
N 8.25.4.2 The following pressures shall be used during testing: other bulkhead connector shall be plugged.
(1) Pre-test expansion pressure of 125 mm (5 in.) water
gauge
(2) Test pressure of 100 mm (4 in.) water gauge
N 8.25.4.3 Where the ensemble is nonencapsulating, devices or Pressure
plugs described in ASTM F1052, Standard Test Method for Pressure Compressed air gauge
source
Testing of Vapor-Protective Ensembles, shall be used to seal off open
areas, such as the opening of a hood for a respirator facepiece.
N 8.25.5 Report. The ending pressure shall be recorded and
reported for each specimen.
N 8.25.6 Interpretation.
N 8.25.6.1 The pressure upon completion of the inflation test
shall be used to determine pass or fail performance.
N 8.25.6.2 Any one specimen failing the test shall constitute fail‐
ure of the test. Flowmeter

FIGURE 8.26.4.1 Configuration of Whole Suit Maximum

Airflow Test.

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 1994-86 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 8.26.5.2.1 During the test, a soapy water solution shall be N 8.27.3.3 Where the material is isotropic, 10 specimens shall be
applied around the edges of the connectors to ensure that no tested.
leakage occurs through the installed suit wall connectors.
N 8.27.4 Procedure.
N 8.26.5.2.2 The remaining steps of this procedure shall be
completed only if the sample suit shows an ending pressure of N 8.27.4.1 Flame resistance testing shall be conducted in accord‐
80 mm (33∕16 in.) water column gauge or higher. ance with ASTM F1358, Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame
Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing not Designated
N 8.26.5.3 The suit shall be connected to a pressurized air Primarily for Flame Resistance.
source capable of providing 500 L/min by attaching an airline
to the installed mid-torso suit wall connector. N 8.27.4.2 Specimens shall be observed for the combination of
both melting and dripping.
N 8.26.5.4 Beginning at time zero, air shall be flowed into the
suit at a rate of 500 L/min. N 8.27.5 Report.

N 8.26.5.5 After a period of 5 minutes, the pressure at the head N 8.27.5.1 Afterflame times shall be recorded and reported for
connector shall be measured. each specimen and as the average for each material direction.

N 8.26.5.6 The specialized fittings installed in the suit for this N 8.27.5.2 Burn distances shall be recorded and reported for
test shall be plugged to prevent air leakage and the suit shall be each specimen and as the average for each material direction.
subjected to a second overall gastight integrity test as specified N 8.27.5.3 Ignition during the initial 3-second exposure shall be
in Section 8.25. recorded and reported for each specimen.
N 8.26.6 Report. N 8.27.5.4 Evidence of both melting and dripping during either
N 8.26.6.1 The maximum internal ensemble pressure during the the 3-second or the 12-second exposure period shall be recor‐
airflow period shall be recorded and reported. ded and reported for each specimen.

N 8.26.6.2 The ending ensemble pressure for the gastight integ‐ N 8.27.6 Interpretation.
rity tests before and after the airflow period shall be recorded N 8.27.6.1 Ignition of any individual specimen during the initial
and reported. 3-second exposure shall be used to determine compliance with
N 8.26.7 Interpretation. the ignition requirements.

N 8.26.7.1 The maximum internal ensemble pressure shall be N 8.27.6.2 The average afterflame time in any direction shall be
used to determine pass or fail performance. used to determine compliance with the afterflame require‐
ments.
N 8.26.7.2 The ending pressure after ensemble inflation testing
subsequent to the maximum ensemble ventilation test shall be N 8.27.6.3 The average burn distance in any direction shall be
used to determine compliance. used to determine compliance with burn distance require‐
ments.
N 8.27 Flammability Resistance Test.
N 8.27.6.4 Evidence of both melting and dripping of any speci‐
N 8.27.1 Application. men shall be used to determine compliance with melting and
dripping requirements.
N 8.27.1.1 This test method shall be applied to the baseline
performance of Class 1 ensemble materials and the optional N 8.27.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Base Class 1 Ensem‐
flash fire protection performance of all ensemble materials. ble Materials.
N 8.27.1.2 Modifications to the test method for base Class 1 N 8.27.7.1 Only the 3-second flame exposure shall be used.
ensemble material performance shall be as specified in 8.27.7.
N 8.27.7.2 Burn distances and afterflame times shall be deter‐
N 8.27.1.3 Modifications to the test method for optional flash mined only for the 3-second exposure.
fire protection performance for Class 1, Class 2, and Class 2R
ensemble materials shall be as specified in 8.27.8. N 8.27.8 Specific Requirements for Testing Optional Chemical
Flash Fire Protection Ensemble Materials.
N 8.27.2 Sample Preparation.
N 8.27.8.1 Only the 12-second flame exposure shall be used.
N 8.27.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be at least 1 m (1 yd)
squares of material. N 8.27.8.2 Burn distances and afterflame times shall only be
determined for the 12-second exposure.
N 8.27.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
N 8.28 Ultimate Tensile Strength Test.
N 8.27.3 Specimens.
N 8.28.1 Application. This method shall apply to elastomeric
N 8.27.3.1 Specimens shall be the size specified in ASTM F1358, interface materials.
Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials
Used in Protective Clothing not Designated Primarily for Flame Resist‐ N 8.28.2 Samples.
ance. N 8.28.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be sufficiently sized
N 8.27.3.2 Five specimens in each of the warp directions, pieces of elastomeric interface sheet material or individual
machine or coarse, and the filling directions, cross-machine or formed elastomeric interface material items.
wale, shall be tested. N 8.28.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.

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 TEST METHODS 1994-87

N 8.28.3 Specimens N 8.29.3.4 Where socks are used as part of the protective ensem‐
ble, it shall be permitted that testing be performed on only one
N 8.28.3.1 Specimens shall be the size required by ASTM D412, representative outer boot style for the evaluation of the ensem‐
Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elas‐ ble.
tomers —Tension.
N 8.29.4 Apparatus.
N 8.28.3.2 At least 10 specimens shall be tested.
N 8.29.4.1 A human form manikin shall be used to support the
N 8.28.4 Procedure. Specimens shall be tested in accordance protective suit during chemical flash fire testing.
with Method A — Dumbbell Specimens, of ASTM D412, Stand‐
ard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers N 8.29.4.2 The manikin shall be coated with a suitable flame-
—Tension. retardant coating.
N 8.28.5 Report. N 8.29.4.3 A one-piece flame-resistant coverall shall be placed
over the manikin.
N 8.28.5.1 The ultimate tensile strength shall be recorded and
reported for each specimen to the nearest 10 kPa (2 psi). N 8.29.4.4 The garment, gloves, and footwear to be tested shall
be placed on the manikin, over the flame-resistant clothing, in
N 8.28.5.2 The average ultimate tensile strength shall be calcula‐ accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
ted and reported for all specimens tested.
N 8.29.4.5 A flash chamber shall be constructed as illustrated in
N 8.28.5.3 The average elongation at rupture before and after Figure 8.29.4.5 and shall include the following:
heat aging shall be individually used to qualify the elastomeric
character of the interface material. (1) The chamber shall have an internal width and depth of
2 m ±100 mm (61∕2 ft ±4 in.) and a height of 5 m ±100
N 8.28.6 Interpretation. ±100 mm (162∕5 ft ± 4 in.).
N 8.28.6.1 The average ultimate tensile strength shall be individ‐ (2) The chamber shall be constructed of 50 mm × 100 mm
ually used to determine pass or fail performance. (2 in. × 4 in.) framing lumber or other suitable structural
material. A fire wall, 20 mm (3∕4 in.), or other suitable
N 8.28.6.2 An elongation at rupture of less than 125 percent flame-resistant paneling shall be used on the chamber
shall result in an interface material being considered as a walls. A piece of 13 mm (1∕2 in.) heat-tempered safety glass
garment material. of sufficient size shall be used on the opposite chamber
walls for multiple viewing points during testing.
N 8.29 Overall Ensemble Flash Test. (3) The chamber shall be sealed with a suitable flame-
N 8.29.1 Application. This test method shall apply to complete resistant material to provide a gastight seal when the door
Class 1, Class 2, Class 2R, Class 3, Class 3R, Class 4, and Class 4R is closed.
protective ensembles. (4) The chamber shall have a port for filling the chamber
with propane gas located as shown in Figure 8.29.4.5. The
N 8.29.1.1 Specific requirements for evaluating incomplete port shall allow isolation of the propane source through a
ensembles shall be as specified in 8.29.9. valve. The port shall be leak-free with respect to the
N 8.29.1.2 Specific requirements for evaluating Class 2R, outside environment.
Class 3R, and Class 4R ensembles shall be as specified in (5) The chamber shall have a minimum of two ports for elec‐
8.29.10. tric igniters located on one wall of the chamber. The
ports shall be positioned at heights on the chamber wall
N 8.29.2 Samples. such that the propane will ignite immediately once trig‐
gered. The ports shall be leak-free with respect to the
N 8.29.2.1 Samples shall be complete protective ensembles, outside environment.
including garments, gloves, or footwear, and respiratory, where (6) The chamber shall have a top that allows containment of
applicable. propane gas within the chamber during filling and vent‐
N 8.29.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. ing of flash pressure after ignition.
(7) A suitable stand shall be constructed that allows the mani‐
N 8.29.3 Specimens. kin to be positioned 305 mm ±25 mm (12 in. ±1 in.)
N 8.29.3.1 Specimens shall be complete protective ensembles, above the chamber floor.
including garments, gloves, or footwear, and respiratory, where (8) The flash fire chamber shall be located so that testing is
applicable. performed at a temperature of 24°C ±11°C (75°F ±20°F)
and a relative humidity of 70 percent ±25 percent. Tests
N 8.29.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested. shall not be conducted outdoors during precipitation.
N 8.29.3.3 Additional protective clothing components and N 8.29.5 Verification of Flash Exposure.
equipment that are necessary to provide flash fire protection to
the wearer shall be tested in conjunction with the protective N 8.29.5.1 Prior to testing each day, thermocouples shall be
ensemble. placed in the empty chamber so that temperature measure‐
ments are taken at the following heights from the floor: 30 cm
(12 in.), 7.6 cm (30 in.), 122 cm (48 in.), 168 cm (66 in.),
213 cm (84 in.). All heights are ± 2.5 cm (±1 in.).

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 1994-88 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Flash tank N 8.29.6.2.1 The concentration of propane within the chamber

shall be sufficient to produce a visible chemical flash fire last‐
ing 7 seconds ±1 second.
N 8.29.6.2.2 The concentration of the propane shall be permit‐
ted to be checked by a combustible gas meter or similar detec‐
tor.
N 8.29.6.3 The flash chamber shall be viewed at both vantage
points, front and back, throughout the test. Video documenta‐
tion shall also be conducted from the front vantage point.
N 8.29.6.4 The chamber atmosphere shall be remotely ignited at
30 seconds ± 5 seconds after the chamber has been filled with
propane gas.
N 8.29.6.5 The suited manikin shall not be removed until all
surfaces have cooled to ambient temperature.
N 8.29.6.6 The protective clothing or ensemble shall be
removed from the manikin and examined visually for signs of
physical damage from thermal exposure.
N 8.29.6.7 A liquidtight integrity test shall be performed on the
protective clothing or ensemble in accordance with Section 8.4,
Liquidtight Integrity Test 1, after the chemical flash fire expo‐
• •

sure.
Propane source
Remote igniter
N 8.29.6.7.1 Testing for Class 1, Class 2, and Class 2R ensembles
shall be performed with the suited manikin exposed to the
liquid spray for a total of 4 minutes, 1 minute in each of the
four manikin orientations.
FIGURE 8.29.4.5 Overall Ensemble Chemical Flash N 8.29.6.7.2 Testing for Class 3 and Class 3R ensembles shall be
Chamber. performed with the suited manikin exposed to the liquid spray
for a total of 1 minute 15 seconds in each of the four manikin
N 8.29.5.2 A data acquisition system shall be used to collect the orientations.
temperature readings during the burn exposure and shall be N 8.29.6.7.3 Liquidtight integrity testing shall not be performed
sufficient to provide at least one temperature reading per on Class 4 or Class 4R ensembles.
second for each thermocouple used.
N 8.29.6.8 Following liquidtight integrity testing, if the suit
N 8.29.5.3 Propane gas, at 99 percent purity or better, shall be contains a visor, then the suit shall be donned by a test subject
metered into the chamber at a delivery pressure of 172.3 kPa and evaluated as follows:
± 13.8 kPa (25 psi ± 2 psi) and rate of 0.16 m3/min
(1) The test subject shall have a minimum visual acuity of
± 0.01 m3/min (51∕2 ft3/min ±1∕2 ft3/min) for 2 minutes
20/20 in each eye, uncorrected or corrected with contact
± 1 minute to produce a visible chemical flash fire lasting
lenses, as determined in a visual acuity test or doctor's
7 seconds ± 1 second. The exact time that it takes to produce a
examination.
visible chemical flash fire lasting 7 seconds ±1 second shall be
(2) Visual acuity testing within the suit shall be conducted
recorded. The concentration of the propane shall be permitted
using a standard 6.1 m (20 ft) eye chart with a normal
to be checked by a combustible gas meter or similar detector.
lighting range of 100 foot-candles to 150 foot-candles at
N 8.29.5.4 After determining the time required to create a the chart and with the test subject positioned at a distance
7 seconds ± 1 second flash fire exposure, the data collected of 6.1 m (20 ft) from the chart.
from the thermocouples shall be evaluated to determine the (3) The test subject shall then read the standard eye chart
maximum temperatures reached during the exposure at each through the lens of the SCBA facepiece and suit visor to
height location. The maximum average temperature of all loca‐ determine his or her visual acuity.
tions shall be within a temperature range of 650°C to 1150°C
N 8.29.7 Report.
(1202°F to 2102°F).
N 8.29.7.1 The postflash exposure liquidtight integrity test
N 8.29.6 Procedure.
result, afterflame time, and visor clarity shall be reported and
N 8.29.6.1 The suited manikin shall be placed on the stand in recorded for each test specimen.
the center of the flash chamber in an upright stationary posi‐
N 8.29.7.2 An illustration of the protective clothing or ensemble
tion.
as shown in Figure 8.29.7.2, shall be prepared, and the location
N 8.29.6.2 Propane gas at 99 percent purity or better shall be of any damage shall be recorded on the illustration and repor‐
metered into the chamber at a delivery pressure of 172.3 kPa ted. Separate illustrations shall be prepared for over covers if
± 13.8 kPa (25 psi ± 2 psi) and rate of 0.16 m3/min ± 0.01 m3/ tested with the protective suit. The damage to be reported shall
min (5.5 ft3/min ± 0.5 ft3/min). include but not be limited to the following:

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 TEST METHODS 1994-89

(1) Charring N 8.29.8.3 The visual acuity of the test subject inside the suit
(2) Blistering shall be used for determining the pass or fail performance.
(3) Evidence of material melting
(4) Delamination N 8.29.9 Specific Requirements for Testing Garments, Hoods,
(5) Destruction of any suit components Gloves, and Footwear. Where garments, hoods, gloves, and
footwear that do not cover the entire manikin are tested, items
N 8.29.7.3 The verification burn visible chemical flash fire time of clothing constructed of flame-resistant materials shall be
shall be recorded and reported. used to cover those exposed portions of the manikin body in a
manner that does not cover the item being evaluated.
N 8.29.7.4 The verification burn maximum average temperature
of all locations shall be recorded and reported. N 8.29.10 Specific Requirements for Testing Class 2R, 3R, and
4R Ensembles. Samples for Class Type R shall be conditioned
N 8.29.8 Interpretation. as specified in 8.1.9.
N 8.29.8.1 Any specimen with an afterflame time greater than N 8.30 Heat Transfer Performance (HTP) Test.
2 seconds shall constitute failing performance.
N 8.30.1 Application. This test method shall apply to protective
N 8.29.8.2 Liquid found on the inner liquid-absorptive garment garment materials, glove materials, and footwear upper materi‐
following liquidtight integrity testing shall constitute failing als, hood materials, and interface gasket materials, if applica‐
performance. ble.
N 8.30.2 Samples.
N 8.30.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 150 mm × 150 mm,
±5 mm (6 in. × 6 in., ±1∕4 in.) and shall consist of all layers repre‐
sentative of the element materials to be tested, excluding any
areas with special reinforcements or seams.
N 8.30.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2.
N 8.30.3 Specimens.
N 8.30.3.1 Specimens shall be 150 mm × 150 mm, ±5 mm (6 in.
× 6 in., ±1∕4 in.) and shall consist of all layers representative of
the element materials to be tested, excluding any areas with
special reinforcements or seams.
N 8.30.3.2 At least three specimens shall be tested.
N 8.30.4 Apparatus. The test apparatus specified in ASTM
F2700, Standard Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evalu‐
ation of Flame Resistant Materials for Clothing with Continuous Heat‐
ing, shall be used.
N 8.30.5 Procedure. Radiant protective performance testing
shall be performed in accordance with ASTM F2700, Standard
for Test Method for Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Evaluation of Flame
FRONT BACK Resistant Materials for Clothing with Continuous Heating, with the
following modifications:
(1) The optional spacer shall not be used for testing of all
material specimens.
(2) The heat transfer performance value shall be used with
calculations made using the heat flux in calories per
square centimeter per second and reported as the HTP
rating.
N 8.30.6 Report. The individual test HTP rating of each speci‐
men shall be recorded and reported. The average HTP rating
shall be calculated, recorded, and reported.
N 8.30.7 Interpretation.
N 8.30.7.1 Pass or fail performance determinations shall be
separately based on the average reported HTP rating of all
specimens.

LEFT RIGHT

FIGURE 8.29.7.2 Suit Diagram (for noting damage

locations).

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 1994-90 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N 8.30.7.2 Where an individual result from any test set varies N 8.32.2.3 Samples shall be conditioned in accordance with the
more than ±10 percent from the average result, the results room temperature conditioning protocol (see 6.2.1) prior to
from the test set shall be discarded and another set of speci‐ testing.
mens shall be tested.
N 8.32.3 Specimens. The conditioned samples shall be speci‐
N 8.31 Color/Visibility Test Method. mens subjected to testing.
N 8.31.1 Application. This test shall apply to garment, glove, N 8.32.4 Test Apparatus.
footwear, and hood outer materials.
N 8.32.4.1 Testing shall be conducted in a hemi-anechoic room
N 8.31.2 Samples. that is compatible with sound pressure measurement. The
hemi-anechoic room shall be large enough to accommodate a
N 8.31.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be 50 mm × 50 mm 3.1 m × 3.1 m (10 ft × 10 ft) anechoic field. The hemi-anechoic
(2 in. × 2 in.) sections of outer materials for garments, gloves, room shall have a smooth concrete floor or equivalent. There
footwear, and hoods. shall be a means of communication between the hemi-anechoic
N 8.31.2.2 Samples shall be conditioned as specified in 8.1.2. room and the control room for communication between the
test subject and the test administrators.
N 8.31.3 Specimens.
N 8.32.4.2 The instrumentation system, including the micro‐
N 8.31.3.1 Specimens shall be 50 mm × 50 mm (2 in. × 2 in.) phone and cable, shall meet the requirements for a Type 1
sections of outer materials for garments, gloves, footwear, and instrument specified in IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics – Sound level
hoods. meters – Part 1: Specifications. A 16-second data acquisition
N 8.31.3.2 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested for period shall be used.
each distinct color present on the garment, glove, footwear, N 8.32.4.3 The microphone shall be positioned at a height of
and hood outer materials. 1.14 m (4 ft) and a distance of 3.1 m (10 ft) from the center of
N 8.31.4 Procedure. the 3.1 m × 3.1 m (10 ft × 10 ft) anechoic field such that the
microphone is perpendicular to and on the right side of the
N 8.31.4.1 Specimens shall be measured using a color measure‐ test subject for centerpoint of the path where the exercise
ment spectrophotometer configured as follows: motions are performed.
(1) Color Scale: CIE L*, a*, b* N 8.32.4.4 The sound measuring and recording equipment used
(2) CIE Illuminant: D65 shall be capable of measuring the A-weighted, fast, maximum
(3) CIE Standard Observer: 10º sound level (LAFmax) for the 16-second data acquisition period.
(4) Instrument Geometry: 45º/0º or 0º/45º
N 8.32.5 Procedures.
N 8.31.4.2 Samples shall be measured on the spectrophotometer
according to AATCC Evaluation Procedure 6, Instrumental Color N 8.32.5.1 The following sequence is to be performed by each
Measurement. subject wearing the tactical uniform and the ensemble with
respirator worn in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc‐
N 8.31.5 Report. Measured L* and Y brightness values shall be tions.
recorded and reported for each test.
N 8.32.5.2 The subject shall not wear a belt, law enforcement–
N 8.31.6 Interpretation. The average measured L* and Y bright‐ specific equipment, or personal jewelry.
ness values for each color material shall be used to determine
the pass or fail performance. N 8.32.5.3 Sound pressure measurements shall be recorded
while the subject performs the following protocol:
N 8.32 Audible Signature Test.
N 8.32.5.3.1 The test subject shall start at a standing position
N 8.32.1 Application. This test shall apply to complete ensem‐ facing the starting position of a 3.1 m (10 ft) path.
bles.
N 8.32.5.3.2 When given a cue from the test administrator, the
N 8.32.2 Samples. test subject shall drop to both knees and crawl down the 3.1 m
N 8.32.2.1 Samples for conditioning shall be three complete (10 ft) path on hands and knees.
ensembles, including the respiratory protection specified for N 8.32.5.3.3 When the test subject reaches the end of the 3.1 m
use with the ensemble, representing three different sizes. (10 ft) path, the test subject shall return to a standing position.
Samples shall be provided to fit, or to be adjustable to fit, the
test subjects in accordance with the ensemble manufacturer’s N 8.32.5.4 The elapsed exercise motion time shall be equal to or
sizing provisions specific to each ensemble. greater than 16 seconds and shall coincide with the 16-second
data acquisition period.
N 8.32.2.2 Samples shall also include a long sleeve tactical
uniform shirt and tactical uniform pants that are constructed N 8.32.6 Report. Sound pressure measurements shall be calcu‐
of a cotton/polyester blend fabric fitted to the test subjects and lated and the LAFmax value shall be recorded and reported for
previously washed at least 5 times according to the manufactur‐ each test.
er’s care instructions.
N 8.32.7 Interpretation.
N 8.32.7.1 The audible signature shall be reported on the prod‐
uct label and in the technical data package.

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 ANNEX A 1994-91

Annex A Explanatory Material requirements are intended to replace the former CBRN crite‐
Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is ria that were applied in the 2013 editions of NFPA 1951,
included for informational purposes only. This annex contains explan‐ NFPA 1971, and NFPA 1999. Technical rescue ensembles, struc‐
atory material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text para‐ tural fire-fighting protective ensembles, and emergency medi‐
graphs. cal protective ensembles can be dual certified to their
respective standards and one of the hazardous materials and
A.1.1.1 The ensemble classes described in this document were CBRN ruggedized classes in NFPA 1994.
developed for use in environments that can generally be
described by considering the following: A.1.1.4 In selecting respiratory equipment, organizations
should consider how the respiratory equipment interfaces with
(1) Exposure and delivery method the protective ensemble. In particular, organizations should
(2) Potential for skin contact take into account how the ensemble, or portions of the ensem‐
(3) Contaminant identification and concentration level ble, can be removed without subsequently exposing the individ‐
(4) Persistency (longevity) of the contaminant ual wearer to respiration of residual contaminants. This is best
(5) Threat of contamination and cross-contamination accomplished by removal of the garments, gloves, and footwear
Table A.1.1.1 provides a general description of the environ‐ without interrupting or terminating the respiratory protection
ment from which Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 compli‐ or breaking the respirator facepiece-to-face seal.
ant ensembles are designed to provide hazardous materials and A.1.1.6 Organizations responsible for response to specialized
CBRN protection. hazardous materials, including radiological, cryogenics, or fire-
Selection of the appropriate class ensemble should be based fighting applications, should use protective clothing and equip‐
on a thorough risk assessment of the incident. ment specifically designed for those activities.
•
Table A.1.1.1 provides a general description of the environ‐ Δ A.1.2.1 The requirements of this standard were developed
ment from which Class 2, Class 3, Class 4, and NFPA 1991 taking into consideration the needs of personnel responding to
compliant ensembles are designed to provide CBRN protec‐ incidents involving the accidental or intentional criminal
tion. Selection of the appropriate class ensemble should be release of chemical/biological agents. This application can
based on a thorough risk assessment of the incident. entail a variety of chemical, physical, biological, and other
hazards.
A.1.1.2 Users are cautioned that exposure of ensembles to
CBRN agents and other highly hazardous materials should Δ A.1.3.1 A higher level of protection for vapor and liquid
require disposal, particularly if the effectiveness of decontami‐ chemical threats is addressed in NFPA 1991.
nation cannot be assessed. A.1.3.9 Emergency response organizations are cautioned that
N A.1.1.2.1 Requirements for ruggedized ensembles are only if an accessory or its means of attachment causes the structural
established for Class 2, 3, and 4 ensembles. Throughout the integrity of the certified product to be compromised, the certi‐
standard, the ruggedized ensembles are denoted as Class 2R, fied product might not be compliant with the standard to
Class 3R, and Class 4R, respectively. The ruggedized ensemble which it was originally certified as compliant. Additionally, if an

Δ Table A.1.1.1 CBRN and Hazardous Materials Protective Ensemble Guide

Contamination/
Exposure/ Skin Contact/ Atmosphere/ Persistency/ Surface and Migration
Standard Delivery Method Threat to Wearer Toxicity Threat Longevity Threat
NFPA 1994 Vapor Not permitted Unknown substance High Liquid, droplet, and
(2018 edition), Class 1 Aerosol Unknown Low particle outfall high
concentration
Bloodborne
pathogen
NFPA 1994 Vapor Limited contact IDLH Moderate Moderate
(2018 edition), Class 2 Aerosol Low
Bloodborne
pathogens
NFPA 1994 Vapor Limited contact Below IDLH Low Low
(2018 edition), Class 3 Liquid droplets Not likely
Bloodborne
pathogens
NFPA 1994 Aerosols Limited contact Below IDLH Low Low
(2018 edition), Class 4 Bloodborne
pathogens

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1994-92 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

accessory or the accessory's means of attachment is not A.3.3.1.5 Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents. This
designed and manufactured from suitable materials for the standard provides only partial protection from certain radia‐
hazardous environments of emergency incidents, the failure of tion sources. By their nature these ensembles provide protec‐
the accessory, or its means of attachment, could cause injury to tion from alpha radiation, and the element materials and
the emergency responder. Because the aftermarket for accesso‐ distance will significantly attenuate beta radiation. These
ries for certified product is so broad, emergency response ensembles do not provide any protection from ionizing radia‐
organizations are advised to contact both the accessory manu‐ tion such as gamma- and X-rays other than to keep the actual
facturer and the manufacturer of the certified product and radiological particulate from direct skin contact.
verify that the accessory and its means of attachment are suita‐
ble for use in the intended emergency response environment. A.3.3.15 Certification Organization. The certification organi‐
Emergency response organizations should seek and receive zation determines compliance of a product by evaluating and
written documentation to validate the following information testing the product in accordance with this standard, and if the
from the accessory manufacturer: product is found to be compliant, the organization indicates
such compliance by labeling and listing the product.
(1) Accessories for certified product, and the means of
attachment, will not degrade the designed protection or A.3.3.23 Component. Components include items required for
performance of the certified product below the require‐ the design and construction of the product and are evaluated
ments of this standard to which it was designed, manufac‐ and tested individually, or are evaluated and tested as a part of
tured, tested, and certified. the whole product.
(2) The accessory, when properly attached to the certified N A.3.3.27 Elastomeric Interface Material. Examples of inter‐
product, will not interfere with form, fit, or function of face material could include garment hood to respirator face‐
any of the certified product or with the form, fit, and piece, garment sleeve to glove, and garment leg to boot. The
function of any of the certified product's component materials used in these interfaces can be different from the
parts. other garment materials, with unique properties that should be
A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association evaluated as part of the compliance testing.
does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, proce‐ A.3.3.29 Encapsulating. This standard does not cover require‐
dures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate ments for vaportight protection.
testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installa‐ •
tions, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority A.3.3.33 External Fittings. Airline, cooling device, and
having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with communications system connections or passthroughs and glove
NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such and footwear interface materials on the chemical/biological
standards, said authority may require evidence of proper instal‐ terrorism incident protective garments are examples of exter‐
lation, procedure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction nal fittings.
may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organi‐
zation that is concerned with product evaluations and is thus in A.3.3.36.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear.
a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards Footwear consists of boots or combinations of footwear
for the current production of listed items. elements.

A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase A.3.3.37.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear
“authority having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in Cover. This term applies to footwear cover and foot protec‐
NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and tion offered by combination of footwear cover and standard
approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where footwear.
public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may A.3.3.39.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s).
be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or indi‐ Garments include one-piece or multi-piece encapsulating suits
vidual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire preven‐ or multi-piece non-encapsulating suits. In this standard, this
tion bureau, labor department, or health department; building term is also referred to in an abbreviated manner as a protective
official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory author‐ garment(s) and a garment(s).
ity. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection depart‐
ment, rating bureau, or other insurance company A.3.3.43.2 Liquefied Gas. Examples of liquefied gases include
representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In ammonia, 1,2-butadiene, chlorine, ethylene oxide, hydrogen
many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designa‐ chloride, liquefied petroleum gas, and methyl chloride. This is
ted agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; not an inclusive list of liquefied gases.
at government installations, the commanding officer or depart‐ A.3.3.44.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s). In
mental official may be the authority having jurisdiction. this standard, this term is also referred to in an abbreviated
A.3.2.4 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment manner as a protective glove(s) and a glove(s).
may vary for each organization concerned with product evalua‐ A.3.3.53 Nonencapsulating. The nonencapsulating ensemble
tion; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed does not provide liquidtight, vaportight, or gastight protection.
unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction Criteria provided in the standard permit the certification of
should utilize the system employed by the listing organization either encapsulating protective ensembles, which fully encloses
to identify a listed product. the individual wearer and the respirator, or nonencapsulating
A.3.3.1.4 Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents. Some common ensembles, where the respirator (primarily the full facepiece)
industrial chemicals, such as chlorine and phosgene, have also completes inclusion of individual wearer in conjunction with
been utilized in armed conflicts. garment, gloves, and footwear. Certification of nonencapsulat‐
ing ensembles requires that the manufacturer specify each type

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 ANNEX A 1994-93

of respirator and each combination of nonencapsulating A.3.3.68 Respirator. Respirators for CBRN terrorism incidents
ensembles for evaluation to the relevant design and perform‐ can include, but might not be limited to, self-contained breath‐
ance criteria in the standard. In addition, the respirator is not ing apparatus (SCBA), supplied air respirators (SAR), air-
evaluated for chemical permeation resistance or other require‐ purifying respirators (APR), and powered air-purifying
ments that are applied to ensemble materials. Organizations respirators (PAPR).
specifying and using nonencapsulating ensembles should take
into consideration the absence of these performance criteria N A.3.3.71 Sock. For the purposes of this standard, a sock is
when performing a hazard and risk assessment for determining always worn inside external footwear. Other common terms
the appropriate use of the ensemble. used to describe footwear include shoe covers, socks, and
boots. A shoe cover is always worn outside of the footwear. A
A.3.3.57 Particulates. Physical Classifications of Particulate sock can be worn either inside or outside the footwear per the
Contaminants. manufacturer’s instructions. A boot provides physical protec‐
tion of the internal chemical protective sock.
Particulate Matter. There are at least seven forms of particu‐
late matter as follows: N A.3.3.74 Tethered Applications. Examples of a tethered appli‐
(1) Aerosol. A dispersion of solid or liquid particles of micro‐ cation would be the use of an airline as part of a combination
scopic size in a gaseous medium such as smoke, fog, and self-contained breathing apparatus/supplied air system that is
mist. tethered to a remote compressor or other air source or an
(2) Dust. A term loosely applied to solid particles predomi‐ external cooling line that is connected to a coolant supply. This
nantly larger than colloidal and capable of temporary term is applied in the evaluation of external fittings for their
suspension in air or other gases. Derivation from larger pull-out strength. External fittings that are not considered teth‐
masses through the application of physical force is usually ered applications include communications ports and cooling
implied. pass-through connections that are wholly contained on the
(3) Fog. A term loosely applied to visible aerosols in which the ensemble without an external tether outside the ensemble.
dispersed phase is liquid. Formation by condensation is Δ A.4.1.2 The compliance of protective ensembles in meeting
implied. this standard is determined by a battery of chemicals. Each
(4) Fume. Solid particles generated at condensation from the protective ensemble, or individual element of a protective
gaseous state, generally after volatilization from melted ensemble, meeting the requirements of this standard will have
substances and often accompanied by a chemical reac‐ a list of chemicals associated with it.
tion, such as oxidation. Popular usage sometimes loosely
includes any type of contaminant. Vapor-protective ensembles that are certified as compliant
(5) Mist. A term loosely applied to dispersion of liquid parti‐ with the base requirements and certified with the optional
cles, many of which are large enough to be individually CBRN terrorism protection requirements of NFPA 1991 also
visible without visual aid. provide protection from CBRN terrorism agents.
(6) Smog. A term derived from the terms smoke and fog and NFPA, from time to time, has received complaints that
applied to extensive atmospheric contamination by aero‐ certain items of first responder protective clothing or protec‐
sols arising from a combination of natural and man-made tive equipment might be carrying labels falsely identifying
sources. them as compliant with a standard. The requirement for plac‐
(7) Smoke. Small gasborne particles resulting from incomplete ing the certification organization's mark on or next to the
combustion and consisting predominantly of carbon and product label is to help ensure that the purchaser can readily
other combustible materials. determine compliance of the respective product through inde‐
Physical Classification of Gases and Vapor Contaminants. pendent third-party certification.
Gases and Vapors. Although, strictly speaking, a gas is defined NFPA advises those purchasing protective ensembles or
as a substance above its critical temperature and a vapor is protective ensemble elements to be aware of the following:
defined as the gaseous phase of a substance below its critical (1) For protective ensembles or protective ensemble
temperature, the term gas is usually applied to any material elements to meet the requirements of NFPA 1994, they
that is in the gaseous state at 25°C and 760 mm Hg pressure; must be certified by an independent third-party certifica‐
the term vapor designates the gaseous phase of a substance that tion organization. In addition, the item must carry the
is ordinarily liquid or solid at 25°C and 760 mm Hg pressure. label, symbol, or other identifying mark of that certifica‐
The distinction between the use of gas and vapor is not rigid, tion organization.
however. For example, hydrogen cyanide, which boils at 26°C, (2) A protective ensemble or element that does not bear the
is always referred to as a gas, but hydrogen chloride, which mark of an independent third-party certification organi‐
boils at −83.7°C, is sometimes referred to as an acid vapor. zation is not compliant with NFPA 1994, even if the prod‐
A.3.3.59 Product Label. The product label is not the certifica‐ uct label states that the protective ensemble or element is
tion organization's label, symbol, or identifying mark; however, compliant.
the certification organization's label, symbol, or identifying For further information about certification and product
mark can be attached to or be part of the product label. (See labeling, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of NFPA 1994 should be
also 3.2.3.) referenced. Also, the definitions for certification/certified, labeled,
A.3.3.61.1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and listed in Chapter 3 should be reviewed.
and Ensemble Elements. The elements of the protective Third-party certification is an important means of ensuring
ensemble are garments, gloves, and footwear. In this standard, the quality of first responder protective clothing and equip‐
this term is also referred to in an abbreviated manner as a ment. To be certain that an item is properly certified, labeled,
protective ensemble(s) and an ensemble(s).

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1994-94 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

and listed, NFPA recommends that prospective purchasers N A.4.5.3 In September of 2015, a revised edition of ISO 9001,
require appropriate evidence of certification for the specific Quality management systems — Requirements, was issued. Both the
product and model from the manufacturer before purchasing. 2008 and 2015 editions of the standard are being referenced in
Prospective purchasers also should contact the certification this revision of NFPA 1994 to allow manufacturers time to tran‐
organizations and request copies of the certification organiza‐ sition their quality management systems registration to this new
tion's “list” of certified products to the appropriate NFPA stand‐ edition.
ard. This “listing” is a requirement of third-party certification
by this standard and is a service performed by the certification A.4.5.4 For example, this situation exists when a product is
organization. wholly manufactured and assembled by another entity, or enti‐
ties, for a separate entity that puts its own name and label on
All NFPA standards on fire and emergency services protec‐ the product (frequently called “private labeling”) and markets
tive clothing and equipment require that the item be certified and sells the product as its own product.
by an independent third-party certification organization and, as
with NFPA 1994 protective ensembles or protective ensemble A.4.5.5 Subcontractors include, but are not limited to, a
elements, all items of fire and emergency services protective person or persons, company, firm, corporation, partnership, or
clothing and equipment must carry the label, symbol, or other other organization having an agreement with or under
identifying mark of that certification organization. contract with the compliant product manufacturer to supply or
assemble the compliant product or portions of the compliant
Any item of protective clothing or protective equipment, product.
covered by an NFPA standard, that does not bear the mark of
an independent third-party certification organization is not Δ A.4.6.1 ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by
compliant with the appropriate NFPA standard, even if the a certification body in the event of misuse of its mark of conformity, is a
product label states that the item is compliant. component of accreditation of certification organizations speci‐
fied in 4.1.3 and 4.2.3 of this standard. Those paragraphs
A.4.2.1 The certification organization should have a sufficient contain a mandatory reference to ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity
breadth of interest and activity so that the loss or award of a assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and
specific business contract would not be a determining factor in services, in which ISO Guide 27 is referenced.
the financial well-being of the agency.
A.4.6.2 By definition, a hazard might involve a condition that
A.4.2.5 The contractual provisions covering a certification can be imminently dangerous to the end user. With this
program should contain clauses advising the manufacturer that thought in mind, the investigation should be started immedi‐
if requirements change, the product should be brought into ately and completed in as timely a manner as is appropriate
compliance with the new requirements by a stated effective considering the particulars of the hazard being investigated.
date through a compliance review program involving all
currently listed products. A.4.6.11 The determination of the appropriate corrective
action for the certification organization to initiate should take
Without the clauses, certifiers would not be able to move into consideration the severity of the product hazard and its
quickly to protect their name, marks, or reputation. A product potential consequences to the safety and health of end users.
safety certification program would be deficient without these The scope of testing and evaluation should consider, among
contractual provisions and the administrative means to back other things, testing to the requirements of the standard to
them up. which the product was listed as compliant, the age of the prod‐
uct, the type of use and conditions to which the compliant
A.4.2.6 Investigative procedures are important elements of an product has been exposed, care and maintenance that has
effective and meaningful product safety certification program. been provided, the use of expertise on technical matters
A preliminary review should be carried out on products submit‐ outside the certification organization's area of competence,
ted to the agency before any major testing is undertaken. and product hazards caused by circumstances not anticipated
A.4.2.7.1 For further information and guidance on recall by the requirements of the applicable standard. As a guideline
programs, see 21 CFR 7, Subpart C. for determining which is more appropriate, a safety alert or a
product recall, the following product hazard characteristics are
A.4.2.9 Such inspections should include, in most instances, provided, which are based on 42 CFR 84, Subpart E, §84.41:
witnessing of production tests. With certain products the certifi‐
cation organization inspectors should select samples from the (1) Critical: A product hazard that judgment and experience
production line and submit them to the main laboratory for indicate is likely to result in a condition immediately
countercheck testing. With other products, it can be desirable hazardous to life or health (IHLH) for individuals using
to purchase samples in the open market for test purposes. or depending on the compliant product. If an IHLH
condition occurs, the user will sustain, or will be likely to
A.4.3.19 Manufacturers are not limited in their approaches sustain, an injury of a severity that could result in loss of
for designing protective ensembles compliant with this stand‐ life, or result in significant bodily injury or loss of bodily
ard. If the ensemble design uses combinations of materials or function, either immediately or at some point in the
components to meet one part of the standard, then the same future.
combinations must be assessed for all parts of the standard. For (2) Major A: A product hazard, other than Critical, that is
example, if a two-part visor is used such that the visor materials likely to result in failure to the degree that the compliant
meet the chemical resistance requirement, the outer visor product does not provide any protection or reduces
cannot be removed to meet the visor clarity requirement. The protection, and is not detectable to the user. The phrase
same configuration must be used for all performance require‐ reduces protection means the failure of specific protective
ments. design(s) or feature(s) that results in degradation of
protection in advance of reasonable life expectancy to the

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 ANNEX A 1994-95

point that continued use of the product is likely to cause A.5.3.5.4(2)(b) Hand dimensions for selection of proper glove
physical harm to the user, or where continued degrada‐ size should consist of taking two dimensions as shown in Figure
tion could lead to IHLH conditions. A.5.3.5.4(2)(b): the hand circumference and the length of the
(3) Major B: A product hazard, other than Critical or Major right hand.
A, that is likely to result in reduced protection and is
detectable to the user. The phrase reduces protection means Hand circumference should be measured by placing a meas‐
the failure of specific protective design(s) or feature(s) uring tape on a table or other flat surface with the numerals
that results in degradation of protection in advance of facing downward. The subject should place the right hand,
reasonable life expectancy to the point that continued palm down and fingers together, in the middle of the tape so
use of the product is likely to cause physical harm to the that the tape can pass straight across the metacarpal knuckles.
user, or where continued degradation could lead to The circumference should be measured to the nearest
IHLH conditions. 3.18 mm (1∕8 in.).
(4) Minor: A product hazard, other than Critical, Major A, or Hand length should be measured by placing the subject's
Major B, that is not likely to materially reduce the usabil‐ hand, palm down, on a piece of paper with the fingers together
ity of the compliant product for its intended purpose or a and the hand and arm in a straight line. The thumb should be
product hazard that is a departure from the established fully abducted, extended away from the palm as far as possible.
applicable standard and has little bearing on the effective Mark the paper at the tip of the third, or middle, finger. A
use or operation of the compliant product for its inten‐ pencil mark should be placed in the notch at the base of the
ded purpose. thumb where the thumb joins the wrist. The straight line
Where the facts are conclusive, based on characteristics of distance between the two points should be measured to the
the hazard classified as indicated previously, the certification nearest 3.18 mm (1∕8 in.).
organization should consider initiating the following corrective A.6.1.7.3 Invalidation of the NIOSH certification can occur as
actions with the authorized and responsible parties: the result of modifications to the respirator by the attachment
(1) Critical product hazard characteristics: product recall of additional parts or modification of the respirator in order
(2) Major A product hazard characteristics: product recall or for the respirator to be donned with the ensemble. This
safety alert, depending on the nature of the specific prod‐ requirement is not intended to affect common industry
uct hazard practices for the integration of respirators with protective
(3) Major B product hazard characteristics: safety alert or no ensembles such as through the use of a soft, flexible gasket
action, depending on the nature of the specific product material on the hood of a protective ensemble that provides a
hazard circumferential seal around the respirator facepiece.
(4) Minor product hazard characteristic: no action
A.4.6.13 Reports, proposals, and proposed TIAs should be
addressed to the technical committee that is responsible for the
applicable standard and be sent in care of Standards Adminis‐
tration, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
A.5.1.1.7 See A.4.1.2.
A.5.3.1 Purchasers should use the technical data package to
compare ensemble performance data when purchasing protec‐
tive ensembles. The purchaser should determine the relative
ranking of performance data to aid in this selection process.
Δ A.5.3.2 A standard format for reporting certification data
allows end user organizations to readily compare products on
the basis of required certification data. Certification organiza‐
tions reviewing compliance of manufacturer technical data
packages to the requirements in 5.3.2 can allow modifications
to the tables to address liquid splash–protective ensembles with
multiple options. For example, columns can be added to or Hand length 6
7
deleted from Table 5.3.2(b) to address specific materials inclu‐ 8
9
0 1
ded as part of the product. Where multiple materials are used
in the construction of the ensemble, additional columns with
the corresponding results are added.
A.5.3.4 Manufacturers should determine the size range of
their ensembles by matching human dimensions with available
ensemble sizes. These determinations should account for other
clothing and equipment to be worn by the wearer as recom‐
mended by the manufacturer. Assessment of acceptable fit
should be determined by using ASTM F1154, Standard Practices FIGURE A.5.3.5.4(2)(b) Method of Measuring Hand
for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durabil‐ Dimensions.
ity of Protective Ensembles and Ensemble Components.

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 1994-96 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

N A.6.2.7 Total heat loss (THL) measures the heat transmitted 60000 mg-min/m3 (i.e., 2000 mg/m3 × 30 min = 60000 mg-
or lost through a material or composite under a set of standard min/m3). The dosage used to calculate the minimum systemic
conditions specified by NFPA. The THL test measures and PPDF for Class 1 ensembles is 136 mg-min/m3. This value
combines the heat that flows through a material or composite represents the percutaneous vapor exposure dosage of nerve
by conduction and evaporation. Table A.6.2.7 gives THL values agent GD that will result in threshold effects of twitching and
for garment systems for which NFPA has set minimum perform‐ localized sweating in 2 percent of the exposed population
ance requirements, in order to provide a frame of reference for (ECt02). This value was extrapolated using a probit analysis of
the THL value reported on the label of the suit. Materials or data from Grotte and Yang (2001) as well as USACHPPM
composites with THL values below 200 W/m2 have limited Report No. 47-EM-5863-04.
breathability and very limited ability to reduce heat stress. A
manufacturer might designate a suit as “breathable” by making Table A.7.1.1.1 provides a summary of the exposure dosages
marketing claims of breathability, heat stress relief, or comfort, and toxicity values used to generate the MIST performance
for example. The AHJ has the ultimate responsibility to deter‐ requirements for Class 1, Class 2/2R, and Class 3/3R ensem‐
mine the level of suit breathability appropriate for anticipated bles as well as NFPA 1991 ensembles.
environmental conditions based on a needs assessment.
N A.7.1.2.9.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for
N A.7.1.1.1 A physiological protective dosage factor (PPDF) is the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If
calculated through a ratio of a challenge or exterior dosage to the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture,
an interior dosage. Local PPDFs are representative of the the criteria for 7.1.2.9 do not apply. Instead, pertinent criteria
protection provided across the body and take into account the in 7.1.2 are applied.
relative sensitivities of different body regions. The minimum
Δ A.7.2.1.1 A physiological protective dosage factor (PPDF) is
local PPDF for Class 1 ensembles is based on the NIOSH condi‐
calculated through a ratio of a challenge or exterior dosage to
tions used in the evaluation of CBRN SCBA to permeation of
an interior dosage. Local PPDFs are representative of the
the locally acting blister agent, distilled sulfur mustard (HD).
protection provided across the body and take into account the
These challenge conditions are 300 mg/m3 of HD vapor for relative sensitivities of different body regions. The minimum
30 minutes, resulting in an exterior dosage of 9000 mg-min/m3 local PPDF for Class 2 and Class 2R ensembles is based on the
(i.e., 300 mg/m3 × 30 min = 9000 mg-min/m3). This maximum NIOSH conditions used in the evaluation of CBRN SCBA to
exterior exposure dosage is then divided by the percutaneous permeation of the locally acting blister agent, distilled sulfur
vapor exposure dosage that will result in threshold effects of mustard (HD). These challenge conditions are 300 mg/m3 of
blistering and ulceration in 2 percent of an exposed popula‐ HD vapor for 30 minutes, resulting in an exterior dosage of
tion (ECt02). The ECt02 value used for Class 1 ensembles of 9000 mg-min/m3 (i.e., 300 mg/m3 × 30 min = 9000 mg-min/
10.3 mg-min/m3 was extrapolated using a probit analysis of m3). This maximum exterior exposure dosage is then divided
data reported in an Institute for Defense Analyses report by by the percutaneous vapor exposure dosage that will result in
Grotte and Yang titled “Report of the Workshop on Chemical threshold effects of blistering and ulceration in 10 percent of
Agent Toxicity for Acute Effects (2001)” as well as the U.S. an exposed population (ECt10). The ECt10 value used for
Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine
Class 2 and Class 2R ensembles of 18.7 mg-min/m3 was
(USACHPPM) Report No. 47-EM-5863-04. Systemic PPDF
extrapolated using a probit analysis of data reported in an Insti‐
values are representative of protection provided against chemi‐
tute for Defense Analyses report by Grotte and Yang titled
cals or agents that act on the total body instead of specific sites
“Report of the Workshop on Chemical Agent Toxicity for Acute
of contact or exposure. The minimum systemic PPDF for
Effects (2001)” as well as the U.S. Army Center for Health
Class 1 ensembles is based on the NIOSH conditions used in
Promotion and Preventative Medicine (USACHPPM) Report
the evaluation of CBRN SCBA to permeation of the nerve
No. 47-EM-5863-04. Systemic PPDF values are representative of
agent, sarin (GB), where the soman (GD) concentration is
protection provided against chemicals or agents that act on the
assumed to be equivalent to the GB concentration specified in
total body instead of specific sites of contact or exposure. The
the standard. These challenge conditions are 2000 mg/m3 of minimum systemic PPDF for Class 2 and Class 2R ensembles is
GB vapor for 30 minutes, resulting in an exterior dosage of based on the NIOSH conditions used in the evaluation of
CBRN SCBA to permeation of the nerve agent, sarin (GB),
where the soman (GD) concentration is assumed to be equiva‐
Table A.6.2.7 Minimum Performance Requirements for lent to the GB concentration specified in the standard. These
Garment Systems challenge conditions are 2000 mg/m3 of GB vapor for
30 minutes, resulting in an exterior dosage of 60000 mg-
W/m2 Range of THL min/m3 (i.e., 2000 mg/m3 × 30 min = 60000 mg-min/m3). The
Values of Products dosage used to calculate the minimum systemic PPDF for
Clothing Type W/m2 Currently Available Class 2 and Class 2R ensembles is 183 mg-min/m3. This value
represents the percutaneous vapor exposure dosage of nerve
Structural fire- 205 205–330 agent GD that will result in threshold effects of twitching and
fighting clothing localized sweating in 10 percent of the exposed population
Rescue and 450 450–550 (ECt10). This value was extrapolated using a probit analysis of
recovery tech data from Grotte and Yang (2001) as well as USACHPPM
rescue gear Report No. 47-EM-5863-04.
EMS clothing 450 450–700
Wildlands clothing 450 550–700
NFPA 1994 Class 3 200 200–450
NFPA 1994 Class 4 450 450–700

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 ANNEX A 1994-97

Table A.7.1.1.1 Summary of Values Used to Generate MIST Performance Requirements

Dosage for
Threshold Effects
Exposure Dosage at Moderate
of HD, Temperature, Toxicity
Ensemble Level Local PPDF mg-min/m3 Basis for Dosage mg-min/m3 Values for HD
NFPA 1991 (2016 edition) 1071 9,000 Permeation of CBRN 8.4b ECt01
SCBA
NFPA 1994 (2018 edition), 871 9,000 Permeation of CBRN 10.3b ECt02
Class 1 SCBA
NFPA 1994 (2018 edition), 481 9,000 Permeation of CBRN 18.7b ECt10
Class 2/2R SCBA
NFPA 1994 160 3,000 Permeation of CBRN 18.7b ECt10
(2018 edition), Class 3/3R APR
Exposure Dosage for
Dosage of Threshold Toxicity
GBa, mg- Effects, Values for
Ensemble Level Systemic PPDF min/m3 Basis for Dosage mg-min/m3 GDa
NFPA 1991 (2016 edition) 488 60,000 Permeation of CBRN 123c ECt01
SCBA
NFPA 1994 (2018 edition), 441 60,000 Permeation of CBRN 136c ECt02
Class 1 SCBA
NFPA 1994 (2018 edition), 328 60,000 Permeation of CBRN 183c ECt10
Class 2/2R SCBA
NFPA 1994 (2018 edition), 69 12,600 Permeation of CBRN 183c ECt10
Class 3/3R APR
a
Concentration of nerve agent GB assumed to be equal to that of nerve agent GD.
b
Dosages for local effects are extrapolated using the probit analysis of data from Grotte and Yang (2001) and the USACHPPM Report. All values are
based on percutaneous vapor exposures of sulfur mustard that result in threshold effects at moderate temperatures. These values are assumed to be
representative of nude exposures, which would correspond to effects in the most sensitive body regions (i.e., the perineum).
c
Dosages for systemic effects are extrapolated using the probit analysis of data from Grotte and Yang (2001) and the USACHPPM Report. All values
are based on percutaneous vapor exposures of nerve agent GD that result in threshold effects.

See A.7.1.1.1 for a summary of exposure dosages and toxicity HD vapor for 60 minutes, resulting in an exterior dosage of
values used to generate the MIST performance requirements 3000 mg-min/m3 (i.e., 50 mg/m3 × 60 min = 3000 mg-min/
for Class 1, Class 2/2R, and Class 3/3R ensembles, as well as m3). This maximum exterior exposure dosage is then divided
NFPA 1991 ensembles. by the percutaneous vapor exposure dosage that will result in
N A.7.2.2.9.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for threshold effects of blistering and ulceration in 10 percent of
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If an exposed population (ECt10). The ECt10 value used for
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture, Class 3 and Class 3R ensembles of 18.7 mg-min/m3 was
the criteria for 7.2.2.9 do not apply. Instead, pertinent criteria extrapolated using a probit analysis of data reported in an Insti‐
in 7.2.2 are applied. tute for Defense Analyses report by Grotte and Yang titled
“Report of the Workshop on Chemical Agent Toxicity for Acute
N A.7.3.1.1 See A.7.2.1.1. Effects (2001)” as well as the U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventative Medicine (USACHPPM) Report
N A.7.3.2.9.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for
No. 47-EM-5863-04. Systemic PPDF values are representative of
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If
protection provided against chemicals or agents that act on the
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture,
total body instead of specific sites of contact or exposure. The
the criteria for 7.3.2.9 do not apply. Instead, pertinent criteria
minimum systemic PPDF for Class 3 and Class 3R ensembles is
in 7.3.2 are applied.
based on the NIOSH conditions used in the evaluation of
Δ A.7.4.1.1 A physiological protective dosage factor (PPDF) is CBRN APR to permeation of the nerve agent, sarin (GB),
calculated through a ratio of a challenge or exterior dosage to where the soman (GD) concentration is assumed to be equiva‐
an interior dosage. Local PPDFs are representative of the lent to the GB concentration specified in the standard. These
protection provided across the body and take into account the challenge conditions are 210 mg/m3 of GB vapor for
relative sensitivities of different body regions. The minimum 60 minutes, resulting in an exterior dosage of 12600 mg-
local PPDF for Class 3 and Class 3R ensembles is based on the min/m3 (i.e., 210 mg/m3 × 60 min = 12600 mg-min/m3). The
NIOSH conditions used in the evaluation of CBRN APR to dosage used to calculate the minimum systemic PPDF for
permeation of the locally acting blister agent, distilled sulfur Class 3 and Class 3R ensembles is 183 mg-min/m3. This value
mustard (HD). These challenge conditions are 50 mg/m3 of represents the percutaneous vapor exposure dosage of nerve

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 1994-98 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

agent GD that will result in threshold effects of twitching and methanol or other solvent extraction of the adsorbent in the
localized sweating in 10 percent of the exposed population PAD.
(ECt10). This value was extrapolated using a probit analysis of
A.8.2.4.3 An example of PADs meeting these requirements
data from Grotte and Yang (2001) as well as USACHPPM
that use an adhesive-backed foil packet measuring 25 mm ×
Report No. 47-EM-5863-04.
35 mm × 0.02 mm, using a Tenax TA adsorbent that is covered
See Table A.7.1.1.1 for a summary of exposure dosages and by a high-density polyethylene film and having an active surface
toxicity values used to generate the MIST performance require‐ sampling area of a PAD should be 3.5 cm2 ± 0.6 cm2.
ments for Class 1, Class 2/2R, and Class 3/3R ensembles as well
as NFPA 1991 ensembles. A.8.2.6.2 The PAD uptake rates must be measured at condi‐
tions representative of the exposure PADs placed on the test
N A.7.4.2.11.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is subject’s body, which are subjected to lower concentrations and
for the purpose of defining an interface material as elasto‐ flow rates, and higher temperatures than in the chamber. One
meric. If the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at convenient approach for applying a small scale chamber
rupture, the criteria for 7.4.2.11.1 do not apply. Instead, perti‐ method is to apply the permeation test cell and general proce‐
nent criteria in 7.4.2 are applied. dures established in Section 8.7. In this approach, a piece of
aluminum foil is used in place of the test specimen and the
N A.7.4.5.2 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for bottom and outlet ports of the lower body (collection side) are
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If closed. The PAD to be evaluated is placed on the bottom side
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture, of the cell cap that is screwed into the top of the upper body.
the criteria in 7.4.5.3, 7.4.5.4, 7.4.5.5, and 7.4.5.6 do not apply. The top inlet port for the upper body (challenge side) is
Instead, pertinent criteria in 7.4.2 are applied. connected with a system for generating the specified vapor
N A.7.5.1.1 See A.7.4.1.1. concentration of MeS, which can best be generated using a cali‐
brated syringe pump, outfitted with a gas-tight microliter
N A.7.5.2.11.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is syringe, filled with liquid MeS. The liquid MeS is dispersed into
for the purpose of defining an interface material as elasto‐ a heating block that is flushed with nitrogen gas and a mixing
meric. If the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at flow of nitrogen gas for creating the low concentration MeS
rupture, the criteria for 7.5.2.11 do not apply. Instead, perti‐ vapor. All gas flows should be applied using calibrated mass
nent criteria in 7.5.2 are applied. flow controllers.
N A.7.5.5.2 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for The generated concentration of MeS is calculated using the
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If following formula:
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture,
the criteria in 7.5.5.3, 7.5.5.4, 7.5.5.5, and 7.5.5.6do not apply. N
Instead, pertinent criteria in 7.5.2 are applied. [A.8.2.6.2]
N A.7.6.2.9.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for
(V × d ) 6
× 10
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If C MeS = 60
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture, Flow block + Flowmix
then the criteria for 7.6.2.9 do not apply. Instead pertinent
criteria in 7.6.2 are applied. The generated vapor concentration is validated with an
appropriate analytical technique. During start-up of the genera‐
N A.7.6.5.2 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for tion of MeS, the PAD is not be placed in the cell, but a stopper
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If without sampler is screwed into the opening of the cell. As
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture, soon as the concentration has reached the desired value and
the criteria in 7.6.5.3, 7.6.5.4, and 7.6.5.5 do not apply. Instead, has stabilized, the stopper with the PAD is placed in the test cell
pertinent criteria in 7.6.2 are applied. and the time measurement is started. After specified time expo‐
N A.7.7.2.10.1 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is sure, the mass adsorbed on each PAD is measured according to
for the purpose of defining an interface material as elasto‐ the selected analytical technique and the uptake rate is calcula‐
meric. If the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at ted in accordance with the formula specified in 8.2.6.2.
rupture, the criteria for 7.7.2.10 do not apply. Instead, perti‐ A.8.2.7.2.1 To generate the reported local physiological
nent criteria in 7.7.2 are applied. protective dosage factor for each PAD location, the raw protec‐
N A.7.7.5.2 The requirement for 125 percent elongation is for tion factor (i.e., the exterior dosage divided by the measured
the purpose of defining an interface material as elastomeric. If dosage on each PAD) is then weighted or normalized across
the material has less than a 125 percent elongation at rupture, different body regions by factoring in the site-specific onset of
the criteria in 7.7.5.3, 7.7.5.4, and 7.7.5.5 do not apply. Instead, symptoms exposure dosage (OSED) values (Gudgin Dickson,
pertinent criteria in 7.7.2 are applied. E. F., “Estimates of Percutaneous Toxicity of Sulfur Mustard
Vapor Suitable for Use in Protective Equipment Standards”).
A.8.2.3.7 SCBA and some styles of footwear are likely to be
acceptable after washing and 3 weeks in a ventilated space. These values are based on an analysis of the chamber data of
Some items such as gloves and garments might not be easily Gorrill and Heinen presented in NATO Document
decontaminated. No. 1268015, AEP-52, “Assessment of the Effect Levels of Classi‐
cal Chemical Warfare Agents Applied to the Skin to Be Used in
A.8.2.4.2.2 Examples of suitable analytical techniques include the Design of Protective Equipment,” broken down by body
gas chromatography with thermal desorption of the adsorbent region and are the ECt10 values for severe erythema, blistering,
in the PAD, and high performance liquid chromatography with and desquamation. They include data for hot, humid expo‐

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 ANNEX A 1994-99

sures, where volunteers wore clothing covering almost every‐ monitored by separate flow meters or controllers for each test
thing but hands and neck, and clothing was not necessarily cell.
removed immediately after exposure. Clothing is assumed to
provide a protection factor (PF) of 2. Δ A.8.7.4.4 The performance criteria are based on cumulative
• measurement; however, discrete measurements can be used to
N A.8.2.8.1 Assessments of inward leakage of an ensemble using determine the overall amount of chemical that has permeated
the MIST do not produce results that follow a normal (Gaus‐ the specimen. These discrete measurements must be able to
sian) distribution and therefore should not use a standard account for the total amount of the challenge chemical perme‐
arithmetic average. Instead, the geometric mean should be ating. This means that the frequency of the discrete sampling
used to appropriately combine the results from multiple repli‐ must be almost continuous, at least sampling once per minute,
cates. The geometric mean is calculated by multiplying the preferably sampling two to four times per minute, or more.
values and then taking the nth root of those values.
The efficacy of the selected sampling and analysis approach
should be validated for each challenge chemical through the
[A.8.2.8.1] use of procedures where a known amount of the challenge
Geometric Mean PPDFi = PPDF i ,Subject 1 × PPDF i ,Subject 2 × PPDF i ,Subject 3 ... chemical, representative of a cumulative permeation close to
the minimum requirement, is injected into the collection
medium of a trial test. The selected sampling and analytical
where n is the number of replicates or measurements at that approach should be able to demonstrate a mass recovery of
body location (typically 4 for a standard 4-subject certification 90 percent or better at test conditions to be considered a valid
test). part of the procedures.
N A.8.2.8.2 See A.8.2.8.1. The following additional guidelines are recommended for
N A.8.5.4.8 The super-high-intensity lamp Model SB-100P with the selection of the sampling method, collection media, and
flood bulb from Spectroline, or equivalent, has been found analytical instrumentation:
suitable to meet the black light specifications. (1) An appropriate sampling technique should be deter‐
mined for each individual analyte based on its unique
N A.8.5.5.3 Areas of the indicator garments are masked to physical and chemical properties.
provide an additional means of evaluating leakage. The (2) Active sampling methods that retain the collected perme‐
removal of the masked areas following testing allows for uncon‐ ant throughout the duration of the sampling interval are
taminated areas for comparison purposes. Inappropriate mate‐ recommended; passive or diffusive sampling techniques
rials for masking can affect the indicator garment by tearing, are not recommended.
leaving residue, skewing black light visual analysis, and so forth. (3) The chosen sampling method should be capable of evalu‐
N A.8.5.5.8 Procedure A of ASTM F1154, Standard Practice for ating a range of 0.1 to 2 times the specified performance
Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Integrity of criteria.
Chemical Protective Ensembles and Suit Ensembles, is modified by (4) Sampling and analytical performance requirements
excluding the crawling and kneeling activities. The Particulate should be demonstrated separately for each analyte.
Inward Leakage Test is not intended to include mechanical (5) Where sorbent tubes are used as the collection media, the
action or contact as part of the test method; therefore, the demonstrated desorption efficiency should be greater
crawling and kneeling activities were not included and rest than 75 percent with a coefficient of variation less than
periods are completed in a standing position. 5.0 percent.
(6) The demonstrated retention efficiency should be greater
N A.8.5.5.13 See A.8.5.4.8. than 75 percent with a coefficient of variation less than
25 percent.
A.8.7.4.2 The specified test cell meets the test cell require‐
(7) The limit of detection should be determined for the
ments for the Liquid Challenge/Vapor Penetration (L/V) Test
selected analytical instrumentation and should be less
Cell specified in TOP 8-2-501 with the following exceptions:
than or equal to one order of magnitude lower than the
(1) The test cell is configured to separately permit flow across maximum permissible mass of permeant diluted within
the challenge side and the collection side, and to allow the chosen volume of extract solution.
the challenge side to be exposed for the placement of
challenge chemical. Methods for sampling atmospheres to collect airborne
(2) The sample support plate shown in Figure 8.7.4.2(c) has contaminants include information useful when determining an
been modified to permit the O-rings to be closer to the appropriate sampling media. Examples include NIOSH
exposed surface area of the specimen. Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), ASTM D3686, ASTM
(3) The cell top cap shown in Figure 8.7.4.2(e) has a smooth D3687, ASTM D6196, ASTM D6345, Health and Safety Execu‐
solid surface facing the test specimen, that is, no opening tive MDHS 70, and OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods.
ports for cell integrity testing. Table A.8.7.4.4 provides examples of specific sorption media
(4) Ports for testing the integrity of the assembled test cell and analytical techniques that can be applied for the sampling
are mounted on the inlet fittings on both the upper body and analysis of the test chemicals. Other sampling media and
and lower body of the test cell. analytical techniques might be appropriate for alternative
collection approaches such as those used for bubbler tubes or
A.8.7.4.3 It is essential that the air delivery system provide real-time analysis of the collection media.
precise flow to each test cell and achieve the specified tempera‐
ture and humidity conditions. This delivery is controlled by the
conditioning of the incoming air to achieve the temperature
and humidity conditions before reaching each test cell and is

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 1994-100 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

The minimum detectable amount of permeation should be A.8.7.5.2.1 One procedure to determine the compatibility of
determined and reported in lieu of the method detection limit O-ring material with the challenge chemicals would be to place
(MDL). The MDL can be estimated from the samplers loaded the O-rings in contact with the challenge chemical for a period
with the low-level concentration solution in the retention effi‐ of 4 hours. Remove the O-ring from contact with the challenge
ciency experiment. The MDL is approximately (3.182)s, where chemical and observe any physical changes or signs of degrada‐
s is the sample standard deviation between replicates. This esti‐ tion.
mation does not account for the propagation of error associ‐
ated with the summation of cumulative permeant from each A.8.7.5.3 Aluminum foil with a thickness of 1∕32 in. has been
sampling interval, nor does it account for other sources of vari‐ found to be acceptable.
ability and error.
A.8.7.5.2 Viton® O-rings have been found to be compatible
with the challenge chemicals.

N Table A.8.7.4.4 Suggested Collection Media/Sorbents, Detection Techniques, and Analytical Methods by Test Chemical

Examples of
Collection Media/ Detection
Chemical Sorbent Bed* Techniques* EPA Method NIOSH Method OSHA Method
Acrolein CSC, 2-HMP UV, PID, FID, NPD 603 2501 52
coated XAD-2
Acrylonitrile CSC, Porapak N FID, NPD 1604 37
Ammonia H2SO4-treated IC, pH, 6016 ID-188
silica conductivity
Chlorine 0.1 M NaHSO3, IC, pH, 9057 6011 ID-101
1% H2NSO3, conductivity, ISE
0.1 N NaOH w/
0.5M Na2S2O3
Diethylamine Silica gel, NBD FID, PID, NPD, 2010 41
coated XAD-7, FLD
sulfuric acid
Dimethyl sulfate Porapak Q, ECD, FPD 2524 PV-2147
Porapak P
Ethyl acetate CSC FID, PID 1457
Sulfuric acid Silica gel, DI H2O IC, pH, 8 7903/7908 ID-165SG
conductivity
Tetrachloroethylene CSC, Anasorb 747 FID 1003 1001
Toluene CSC, Anasorb 747 FID, PID 1500/1501 111
*Key to abbreviations and chemical formulas:
2-HMP: 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine
CSC: Coconut shell charcoal
ECD: Electron capture detector
FID: Flame ionization detector
FLD: Fluorescence detector
FPD: Flame photometric detector
H2NSO3: Sulfamic acid
H2SO4: Sulfuric acid
IC: Ion chromatography
ISE: Ion specific electrode
Na2S2O3: Sodium thiosulfate
NaHSO3: Sodium bisulfite
NBD: 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
NPD: Nitrogen-phosphorus detector
PID: Photo ionization detector
UV: Ultraviolet absorbance detector

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 ANNEX A 1994-101

N A.8.7.6.1 The selection of the test chemicals takes into ASTM F1001, Standard Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evalu‐
account several factors that are described in the sections below. ate Protective Clothing Materials, specifies a list of recommended
test chemicals that served as the basis for the initial challenge
Definition of Ideal Chemical Challenge Battery. chemical battery for NFPA 1991. Chemicals of the F1001 list
The ability to resist chemical permeation is a defining attrib‐ were selected, in part, as a function of their solubility within the
ute of chemical protective materials. As it is not feasible to eval‐ chemical protective materials at the time of the standard’s crea‐
uate permeation performance against the wide range of tion in 1986. In order to aid the selection process, the F1001
potential chemical exposures, a finite collection of representa‐ list was divided into chemical classes based on the unique prop‐
tive chemicals were chosen. The selection process was based on erties of the chemical’s structure. This functional group–based
fulfilling the following characteristics that consider an ideal classification system identified a limited number of chemical
challenge chemical battery: categories whose inclusion provided a range of inherent
structure-property relationships in addition to their relative
(1) Within the constraints of the testing environment, each solubility in different polymer materials. The resulting chemi‐
battery chemical provides test data that is of sufficient cal classes were defined as acids and bases, unsubstituted
quality to allow for the assessment of material barrier hydrocarbons, alcohols and carbonyls, nitrogen substituents,
performance. The quality of data is defined in terms of its sulfur substituents, and halogen substituents.
corresponding accuracy, reproducibility, and utility.
(2) The battery incorporates the necessary range of chemical To form the final chemical battery, the seven existing chal‐
classes and reactivity in order to estimate the probability lenge chemicals specified in NFPA 1994 were combined with
of minimal performance against the diverse population those of the NRL High Priority Hazard list. Substitutions were
of untested chemicals with an appropriate degree of made to ensure adequate coverage of both classification
confidence consistent with the intended level of protec‐ systems. Finally, any chemical that failed to meet all of the char‐
tion. acteristics associated with membership in an ideal challenge
(3) Battery representative chemicals possess physical and battery were replaced with a representative chemical possessing
chemical properties consistent with the exposure scenario an analogous classification. The rationale for inclusion or
for which the material is intended to provide protection. substitution is detailed in Table A.8.7.6.1(a).
(4) Representative chemicals pose a reasonable hazard to the
safety of the end user or the integrity of the protective Final Challenge Battery.
ensemble system. The final challenge battery consisted of 10 toxic industrial
Number of Battery Chemicals. chemicals and 2 chemical warfare agents as described in Table
A.8.7.6.1(b). The final list incorporates a wide range of chemi‐
The expected level of afforded protection dictates the cal reactivity, solubility, and structure-property relationships.
number of unique battery chemicals necessary to properly eval‐
uate the performance of a material. As the expected protection A.8.7.6.2.2 Aluminum foil with a thickness of 1∕32 in. has been
of a material increases, the number of battery chemicals was found to be acceptable.
increased from five chemicals (for Class 2 and 3 ensembles) to Δ A.8.7.6.3 See A.8.7.6.1 for the rationale applied for the selec‐
ten chemicals (for Class 1 ensembles) in order to provide a tion of chemicals. One approach to achieve the specified
confident estimation of material performance within an concentration of the gases or vapor is by ordering prepared gas
unknown or untested chemical exposure under a variety of mixtures at the prescribed concentration.
scenarios. Conversely, materials with lower performance •
expectations are evaluated utilizing a condensed challenge N A.8.7.8.3 Test information other than (a) material name and
battery as the probability of a negative material-chemical inter‐ (b) chemical or chemical mixture identification is not required
action is reduced. Consequently, the scope of use for a chemi‐ as part of the permeation test results for the ensemble or
cal protective material ultimately defines the extent to which it element technical data package.
must be evaluated in order to demonstrate intended perform‐ A.8.8.5 These modifications shall be used instead of Note 6 in
ance within a certain degree of confidence. ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative
Selection Process. Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, Part C.
By modifying the testing and handling techniques of the speci‐
Existing lists of recommended challenge chemicals were men, Note 6 has the unintended consequence of modifying
used as the foundation for the final specified battery. standard values. By preferentially resmoothing one or more of
Both the “Prioritization of the Percutaneous Hazard of the layers in one composite and not all layers or not all compo‐
Industrial Chemicals” and the “Prioritization and Sensitivity sites, Note 6 introduces bias.
Analysis of the Inhalation/Ocular Hazard of Industrial Chemi‐ A.8.18.4(4) However, if experience shows that the friction
cals” released by the Naval Research Laboratory detailed lists of properties of the test floor are not strongly influenced by
high priority percutaneous and inhalation/ocular hazards repeated testing, then calibration intervals can be extended.
based on “fundamental chemical reactivity principles.” Subse‐
quently, representative chemicals were categorized as oxidizing
agents, reducing agents, volatile organic compounds, biocides,
or polymerizers. The emphasis on chemical reactivity ensured
the battery evaluated materials against permeant-material inter‐
actions that might result in a reduction in the protection affor‐
ded to the user.

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2018 Edition
1994-102 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Table A.8.7.6.1(a) Basis for Selection of NFPA 1994 Chemicals for Permeation Resistance Testing

Chemical Rationale for Inclusion In Lieu of Justification

Chlorine Oxidizer, inhalation critical HCl, nitric acid Included in Class 2 and 3 battery
hazard
Sulfuric acid Critical hazard Nitric acid Higher percutaneous total score,
higher permeation score, lower
metal reactivity, easier handling,
included in 1991 battery
Ammonia High priority Ammonia hydroxide Included in Class 2 and 3 battery
Diethylamine Critical hazard substitute, Ethylamine, trimethylamine Higher percutaneous total score
reducer than amines on critical list, higher
permeation score, lower vapor
pressure, included in 1991 battery
Acrolein VOC, polymerizer Formaldehyde Lower reactivity, not in solution,
nitrogen substituents and
polymerizers covered, included in
Class 2 and 3 battery
Acrylonitrile VOC, polymerizer Formaldehyde Lower reactivity, not in solution,
nitrogen substituents and
polymerizers covered, included in
Class 2 and 3 battery
Toluene F1001 unsubstituted — Included in 1991 battery
hydrocarbon class
Tetrachloroethylene High priority Ethylene dibromide Higher NRL score, lower reactivity,
included in 1991 battery
Ethyl acetate F1001 alcohol and carbonyl class — Included in 1991 battery
Dimethyl sulfate Organosulfur OMPA Included in Class 2 and 3 battery
Soman CWA, biocide OMPA Low vapor pressure biocides covered
with CWAs
Sulfur mustard CWA, biocide OMPA Low vapor pressure biocides covered
with CWAs

Table A.8.7.6.1(b) Final 10-Chemical Battery for NFPA 1994 Class 1 Permeation Resistance
Testing

Chemical NRL Class F1001 Class Chemical Description

Chlorine Oxidizer Acids and bases Acid gas, diatomic
halogen
Sulfuric acid Oxidizer Acids and bases Inorganic acid
Ammonia Reducer Acids and bases Basic gas
Diethylamine Reducer Nitrogen substituents Amine
Acrolein Polymerizer Nitrogen substituents Aldehyde
Acrylonitrile Polymerizer Nitrogen substituents Nitrile
Toluene VOC Unsubstituted Aromatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons
Tetrachloroethylene VOC Halogenated Chlorinated alkene
substituents
Ethyl acetate VOC Alcohols and carbonyls Ester
Dimethyl sulfate VOC Sulfur substituents Organosulfur
Soman Biocide Nitrogen substituents* Organophosphate
Sulfur mustard Biocide Sulfur substituents Sulfur mustard
*Phosphorus and nitrogen compounds share similar properties.

2018 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 ANNEX B 1994-103

Annex B Informational References ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, 2008.

B.1 Referenced Publications. The documents or portions ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements, 2015.
thereof listed in this annex are referenced within the informa‐ B.1.2.3 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government
tional sections of this standard and are not part of the require‐ Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
ments of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for
other reasons. Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7, Subpart C.

B.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa‐ Title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 84, Subpart E.
tion, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. B.1.2.4 Other Publications.
NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazard‐ Grotte, J. H., and L. I. Yang, “Report of the Workshop on
ous Materials Emergencies and CBRN Terrorism Incidents, 2016 Chemical Agent Toxicity for Acute Effects,” IDA Document
edition. D-2176, Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA, May
B.1.2 Other Publications. 1998.

B.1.2.1 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr Gudgin Dickson, E. F., “Estimates of Percutaneous Toxicity
Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA of Sulfur Mustard Vapor Suitable for Use in Protective Equip‐
19428-2959. ment Standards.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
Part A: Current Issues 71 (2008): 1382–1391.
ASTM D3686, Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to
Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorp‐ Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances
tion Method), 2013. (MDHS) 70, General Methods for Sampling Airborne Gases
and Vapours, 1993.
ASTM D3687, Standard Practice for Analysis of Organic
Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption NATO Document No. 1268015. AEP-52, “Assessment of the
Method, 2012. Effect Levels of Classical Chemical Warfare Agents Applied to
the Skin to Be Used in the Design of Protective Equipment.”
ASTM D6196, Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling
Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Moni‐ NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 5th edition,
toring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air, 2015. 2015.

ASTM D6345, Standard Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Sutto, T. E., NRL Document No. NRL/FR/6364–11-10,211,
Integrative Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air, 2010. “Prioritization and Sensitivity Analysis of the Inhalation/Ocular
Hazard of Industrial Chemicals,” October 2011.
ASTM F1001, Standard Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evalu‐
ate Protective Clothing Materials, 2012. Sutto, T. E., NRL Document No. NRL/FR/6364–11-10,213,
“Prioritization of the Percutaneous Hazard of Industrial Chemi‐
ASTM F1154, Standard Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the cals,” October 2011.
Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and
Ensemble Components, 2011. U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative
Medicine (USACHPPM) Report No. 47-EM-5863-04.
ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative
Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, 2014. Δ B.2 Informational References.

B.1.2.2 ISO Publications. International Organization for ASTM D2136, Standard Test Method for Coated Fabrics — Low
Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Temperature Bend Test, 2012.
Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland. ASTM F2913, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient
ISO Guide 27, Guidelines for corrective action to be taken by a of Friction for Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and Test
certification body in the event of misuse of its mark of conformity, 1983. Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester, 2011.

ISO/IEC 17065, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies B.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections.
certifiying products, processes, and services, 2012. (Reserved)

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1994-104 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Index
Copyright © 2017 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.

The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document that it indexes. The licensing provi‐
sions set forth for the document are not applicable to this index. This index may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any
means without the express written permission of NFPA.

-A- Definition, 3.3.8

Administration, Chap. 1 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear
Application, 1.3 Definition, 3.3.9
Purpose, 1.2 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Cover
Scope, 1.1 Definition, 3.3.10
Units, 1.4 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s)
Agents Definition, 3.3.11
Biological Terrorism Agents CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s)
Definition, 3.3.1.1 Definition, 3.3.12
CBRN Terrorism Agents CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood
Definition, 3.3.1.2 Definition, 3.3.13
Chemical Terrorism Agents Certification, Chap. 4
Definition, 3.3.1.3 Annual Verification of Product Compliance, 4.4
Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents Certification Program, 4.2
Definition, 3.3.1.4, A.3.3.1.4 General, 4.1
Definition, 3.3.1 Hazards Involving Compliant Product, 4.6
Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents Inspection and Testing, 4.3
Definition, 3.3.1.5, A.3.3.1.5 Manufacturers’ Investigation of Complaints and Returns, 4.7
Approved Manufacturers’ Quality Assurance Program, 4.5
Definition, 3.2.1, A.3.2.1 Manufacturers’ Safety Alert and Product Recall Systems, 4.8
Assembly Certification Organization
Definition, 3.3.2 Definition, 3.3.15, A.3.3.15
Garment Closure Assembly Certification/Certified
Definition, 3.3.2.1 Definition, 3.3.14
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) Chemical Terrorism Agents
Definition, 3.2.2, A.3.2.2 Definition, 3.3.16
Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents
-B- Definition, 3.3.17
Biological Terrorism Agents Class 1 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements
Definition, 3.3.3 Definition, 3.3.18
Class 2 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements
-C- Definition, 3.3.19
Care Class 3 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements
Definition, 3.3.4 Definition, 3.3.20
CBRN Class 4 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements
Definition, 3.3.5 Definition, 3.3.21
CBRN Barrier Material Compliance/Compliant
Definition, 3.3.6 Definition, 3.3.22
CBRN Terrorism Agents Component
Definition, 3.3.7 Definition, 3.3.23, A.3.3.23
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and Ensemble Composite
Elements Definition, 3.3.24
Class 1 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements Cryogenic Gas
Definition, 3.3.8.1 Definition, 3.3.25
Class 2 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements
Definition, 3.3.8.2 -D-
Class 3 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements Definitions, Chap. 3
Definition, 3.3.8.3 Design Requirements, Chap. 6
Class 4 CBRN Protective Ensemble and Ensemble Elements Footwear Element Requirements, 6.4
Definition, 3.3.8.4 Garment Element Requirements, 6.2

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 INDEX 1994-105

Glove Element Requirements, 6.3 Outer Garment

Hood Elements Requirements, 6.5 Definition, 3.3.39.2
Optional Chemical Flash Fire Protection Design Protective Garment(s)
Requirements, 6.6 Definition, 3.3.39.3
Optional Stealth Design Requirements, 6.7 Gas
Protective Ensemble Requirements, 6.1 Cryogenic Gas
Definition, 3.3.43.1
-E-
Definition, 3.3.43
Elastomer Liquefied Gas
Definition, 3.3.26 Definition, 3.3.43.2, A.3.3.43.2
Elastomeric Interface Material Glove(s)
Definition, 3.3.27, A.3.3.27 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Glove(s)
Emergency First Responder Personnel Definition, 3.3.44.1, A.3.3.44.1
Definition, 3.3.28 Definition, 3.3.44
Encapsulating Outer Glove
Definition, 3.3.29, A.3.3.29 Definition, 3.3.44.2
Encapsulating Ensemble Protective Glove(s)
Definition, 3.3.30 Definition, 3.3.44.3
Ensemble Elements
Definition, 3.3.32 -H-
Ensemble(s) Hood(s)
Definition, 3.3.31 CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Hood(s)
Explanatory Material, Annex A Definition, 3.3.45.1
External Fittings Definition, 3.3.45
Definition, 3.3.33, A.3.3.33 Protective Hood(s)
Definition, 3.3.45.2
-F-
First Responder Personnel -I-
Definition, 3.3.34 Informational References, Annex B
Follow-Up Program Integrity Footwear Cover
Definition, 3.3.35 Definition, 3.3.46
Footwear Ionizing Radiation
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Definition, 3.3.47
Definition, 3.3.36.1, A.3.3.36.1
Definition, 3.3.36 -L-
Protective Footwear Labeled
Definition, 3.3.36.2 Definition, 3.2.3
Standard Footwear Labeling and Information, Chap. 5
Definition, 3.3.36.3 Product Labeling Requirements, 5.1
Footwear Cover Ensemble Compliance Statements, 5.1.2
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Footwear Cover General, 5.1.1
Definition, 3.3.37.1, A.3.3.37.1 Glove and Footwear Elements Compliance Statements, 5.1.3
Definition, 3.3.37 Hood Elements Compliance Statements, 5.1.4
Footwear Upper Optional Compliance Statements, 5.1.5
Definition, 3.3.38 Technical Data Package, 5.3
Garment Material and Component Descriptions, 5.3.5
-G- User Information, 5.2
Garment Closure Liquefied Gas
Definition, 3.3.40 Definition, 3.3.48
Garment Closure Assembly Listed
Definition, 3.3.41 Definition, 3.2.4, A.3.2.4
Garment Material
Definition, 3.3.42 -M-
Garment(s) Maintenance
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Garment(s) Definition, 3.3.49
Definition, 3.3.39.1, A.3.3.39.1 Manufacturer
Definition, 3.3.39 Definition, 3.3.50

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1994-106 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Material Class 3 Garment Element Requirements, 7.4.2

CBRN Barrier Material Class 3 Elastomeric Interface Material
Definition, 3.3.51.1 Requirements, 7.4.2.11
Definition, 3.3.51 Class 3 Garment Visor Requirements, 7.4.2.10
Garment Material Class 3 Glove Element Requirements, 7.4.3
Definition, 3.3.51.2 Class 3 Hood Element Requirements, 7.4.5
Protective Clothing Material Class 3R Ensembles, 7.5
Definition, 3.3.51.3 Class 3R Ensemble General Requirements, 7.5.1
Visor Material Class 3R Footwear Element Requirements, 7.5.4
Definition, 3.3.51.4 Class 3R Garment Element Requirements, 7.5.2
Model Class 3R Elastomeric Interface Material
Requirements, 7.5.2.11
Definition, 3.3.52
Class 3R Garment Visor Requirements, 7.5.2.10
-N- Class 3R Glove Element Requirements, 7.5.3
Nonencapsulating Ensemble Class 3R Hood Element Requirements, 7.5.5
Definition, 3.3.53, A.3.3.53 Class 4 Ensembles, 7.6
Class 4 Ensemble General Requirements, 7.6.1
-O- Class 4 Footwear Element Requirements, 7.6.4
Outer Boot Class 4 Garment Element Requirements, 7.6.2
Definition, 3.3.54 Class 4 Elastomeric Interface Material
Requirements, 7.6.2.9
Outer Garment
Class 4 Garment Visor Requirements, 7.6.2.8
Definition, 3.3.55
Class 4 Glove Element Requirements, 7.6.3
Outer Glove
Class 4 Hood Element Requirements, 7.6.5, A.7.6.5
Definition, 3.3.56
Class 4R Ensembles, 7.7
-P- Class 4R Ensemble General Requirements, 7.7.1
Particulates Class 4R Garment Element Requirements, 7.7.2
Definition, 3.3.57, A.3.3.57 Class 4R Elastomeric Interface Material
Requirements, 7.7.2.10
Percent Inward Leakage
Class 4R Garment Visor Requirements, 7.7.2.9
Definition, 3.3.58
Class 4R Glove Element Requirements, 7.7.3
Performance Requirements, Chap. 7
Class 4R Hood Element Requirements, 7.7.5
Class 1 Ensembles, 7.1
Optional Chemical Flash Fire Escape Protection
Class 1 Ensemble General Requirements, 7.1.1 Requirements, 7.8
Class 1 Footwear Element Requirements, 7.1.4 Optional Stealth Requirements, 7.9
Class 1 Garment Element Requirements, 7.1.2 Product Label
Class 1 Elastomeric Interface Material Definition, 3.3.59, A.3.3.59
Requirements, 7.1.2.9
Protective Clothing Material
Class 1 Garment Visor Requirements, 7.1.2.8
Definition, 3.3.60
Class 1 Glove Element Requirements, 7.1.3
Protective Ensemble(s) and Ensemble Elements
Class 2 Ensembles, 7.2
CBRN Terrorism Incident Protective Ensembles and Ensemble
Class 2 Ensemble General Requirements, 7.2.1 Elements
Class 2 Footwear Element Requirements, 7.2.4 Definition, 3.3.61.1, A.3.3.61.1
Class 2 Garment Element Requirements, 7.2.2 Definition, 3.3.61
Class 2 Elastomeric Interface Material Protective Ensembles
Requirements, 7.2.2.9
Definition, 3.3.62
Class 2 Garment Visor Requirements, 7.2.2.8
Protective Footwear
Class 2 Glove Element Requirements, 7.2.3
Definition, 3.3.63
Class 2R Ensembles, 7.3
Protective Garment(s)
Class 2R Ensemble General Requirements, 7.3.1
Definition, 3.3.64
Class 2R Footwear Element Requirements, 7.3.4
Protective Glove(s)
Class 2R Garment Element Requirements, 7.3.2
Definition, 3.3.65
Class 2R Elastomeric Interface Material
Requirements, 7.3.2.9 Puncture-Resistant Device
Class 2R Garment Visor Requirements, 7.3.2.8 Definition, 3.3.66
Class 2R Glove Element Requirements, 7.3.3
-R-
Class 3 Ensembles, 7.4
Class 3 Ensemble General Requirements, 7.4.1 Radiological and Nuclear Particulate Terrorism Agents
Definition, 3.3.67
Class 3 Footwear Element Requirements, 7.4.4

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 INDEX 1994-107

Referenced Publications, Chap. 2 Process for Determining the Mass of Liquid Chemical
Respirator Challenge Applied, 8.7.6.2
Definition, 3.3.68, A.3.3.68 Interpretation, 8.7.9
Procedures, 8.7.7
-S- Determination of Procedure for Applying Liquid
Sample Challenge Chemicals, 8.7.7.4
Definition, 3.3.69 Preconditioning, 8.7.7.1
Seam Procedure for Gas or Vapor Challenge Chemicals, 8.7.7.6
Definition, 3.3.70 Procedure for Liquid Chemical Challenge, 8.7.7.5
Shall Test Cell Assembly, 8.7.7.2
Definition, 3.2.5 Test Conclusion, Test Cell Cleaned, and Specimen
Disposal, 8.7.7.7
Should
Verification of Test Cell Integrity, 8.7.7.3
Definition, 3.2.6
Report, 8.7.8
Sock
Additional Test Information to Be Reported, 8.7.8.3, A.
Definition, 3.3.71, A.3.3.71 8.7.8.3
Specimen Samples, 8.7.2
Definition, 3.3.72 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier Layer of
Standard Footwear, 8.7.13
Definition, 3.2.7 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier Layer of
Storage Life Gloves, 8.7.12
Definition, 3.3.73 Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier Layer of
Visors, 8.7.11
-T- Specific Requirements for Testing the CBRN Barrier Layer’s
Test Methods, Chap. 8 Seams of Garments, Hoods, Socks, Visors, and
Gloves, 8.7.14
Abrasion Resistance Test 1, 8.17
Specific Requirements for the CBRN Barrier Layer of
Application, 8.17.1 Garments, Hoods, Elastomeric Interface
Interpretation, 8.17.6 Materials, and Socks, 8.7.10
Procedure, 8.17.4 Specimens, 8.7.3
Report, 8.17.5 Supplies, 8.7.5
Samples, 8.17.2 Cold Temperature Performance Test 1, 8.11
Specimens, 8.17.3 Application, 8.11.1
Abrasion Resistance Test 2, 8.22 Interpretation, 8.11.6
Application, 8.22.1 Procedure, 8.11.4
Interpretation, 8.22.6 Report, 8.11.5
Procedure, 8.22.4 Samples, 8.11.2
Report, 8.22.5 Specimens, 8.11.3
Samples, 8.22.2 Color/Visibility Test Method, 8.31
Specimens, 8.22.3 Application, 8.31.1
Audible Signature Test, 8.32 Interpretation, 8.31.6
Application, 8.32.1 Procedure, 8.31.4
Interpretation, 8.32.7 Report, 8.31.5
Procedures, 8.32.5 Samples, 8.31.2
Report, 8.32.6 Specimens, 8.31.3
Samples, 8.32.2 Cut Resistance Test, 8.14
Specimens, 8.32.3 Application, 8.14.1
Test Apparatus, 8.32.4 Interpretation, 8.14.6
Burst Strength Test, 8.9 Procedure, 8.14.4
Application, 8.9.1 Report, 8.14.5
Interpretation, 8.9.6 Samples, 8.14.2
Procedure, 8.9.4 Specific Requirements for Testing Elastomeric Interface
Report, 8.9.5 Materials, 8.14.9
Samples, 8.9.2 Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear Upper
Specimens, 8.9.3 Materials, 8.14.8
Chemical Permeation Resistance Test, 8.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Materials, 8.14.7
Apparatus, 8.7.4 Specimens, 8.14.3
Application, 8.7.1 Evaporative Resistance Test, 8.19
Chemicals, 8.7.6 Apparatus, 8.19.4

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Application, 8.19.1 Heat Transfer Performance (HTP) Test, 8.30

Interpretation, 8.19.7 Apparatus, 8.30.4
Procedure, 8.19.5 Application, 8.30.1
Report, 8.19.6 Interpretation, 8.30.7
Requirements for Testing Class 2 and Class 2R Garment Procedure, 8.30.5
Materials, 8.19.8 Report, 8.30.6
Samples, 8.19.2 Samples, 8.30.2
Specimens, 8.19.3 Specimens, 8.30.3
Exhaust Valve Inward Leakage Test, 8.24 Liquidtight Integrity Test 1, 8.4
Apparatus, 8.24.4 Apparatus, 8.4.4
Application, 8.24.1 Application, 8.4.1
Interpretation, 8.24.7 Interpretation, 8.4.7
Procedure, 8.24.5 Procedure, 8.4.5
Report, 8.24.6 Report, 8.4.6
Samples, 8.24.2 Samples, 8.4.2
Specimens, 8.24.3 Specific Requirements for Testing Class 1, Class 2, and Class
Exhaust Valve Mounting Strength Test, 8.23 2R Ensembles, 8.4.8
Apparatus, 8.23.4 Specific Requirements for Testing Class 3 and Class 3R
Application, 8.23.1 Ensembles, 8.4.9
Interpretation, 8.23.7 Specimens, 8.4.3
Procedure, 8.23.5 Liquidtight Integrity Test 2, 8.21
Report, 8.23.6 Application, 8.21.1
Samples, 8.23.2 Interpretation, 8.21.6
Specimens, 8.23.3 Procedure, 8.21.4
Fitting Pull-Out Strength Test, 8.6 Report, 8.21.5
Apparatus, 8.6.4 Samples, 8.21.2
Application, 8.6.1 Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear, 8.21.8
Interpretation, 8.6.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Gloves, 8.21.7
Procedure, 8.6.5 Specimens, 8.21.3
Report, 8.6.6 Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST), 8.2
Samples, 8.6.2 Apparatus, 8.2.4
Specimens, 8.6.3 Passive Adsorbent Dosimeters (PADs), 8.2.4.3, A.8.2.4.3
Flammability Resistance Test, 8.27 Test Chemical and Analytical Equipment, 8.2.4.2
Application, 8.27.1 Test Facility, 8.2.4.1
Interpretation, 8.27.6 Test Subjects, 8.2.4.4
Procedure, 8.27.4 Application, 8.2.1
Report, 8.27.5 Calculations, 8.2.7
Sample Preparation, 8.27.2 Interpretation, 8.2.9
Specific Requirements for Testing Base Class 1 Ensemble PAD Qualification and Analysis, 8.2.6
Materials, 8.27.7 Measurement of PAD Uptake Rate, 8.2.6.2, A.8.2.6.2
Specific Requirements for Testing Optional Chemical Flash Procedure, 8.2.5
Fire Protection Ensemble Materials, 8.27.8 Decontamination and Doffing, 8.2.5.9
Specimens, 8.27.3 Physical Exercise Routine, 8.2.5.8
Gastight Integrity Test, 8.25 Report, 8.2.8
Application, 8.25.1 Samples, 8.2.2
Interpretation, 8.25.6 Specimens, 8.2.3
Procedure, 8.25.4 Maximum Ensemble Ventilation Rate Test, 8.26
Report, 8.25.5 Apparatus, 8.26.4
Sample Preparation, 8.25.2 Configuration of Whole Suit Maximum Airflow
Specimens, 8.25.3 Test, 8.26.4.1
Glove Hand Function Test, 8.16 Application, 8.26.1
Apparatus, 8.16.4 Interpretation, 8.26.7
Application, 8.16.1 Procedure, 8.26.5
Interpretation, 8.16.7 Report, 8.26.6
Procedures, 8.16.5 Sample Preparation, 8.26.2
Report, 8.16.6 Specimens, 8.26.3
Samples, 8.16.2 Overall Ensemble Flash Test, 8.29
Specimens, 8.16.3 Apparatus, 8.29.4

2018 Edition
 INDEX 1994-109

Application, 8.29.1 Room Temperature Conditioning Procedure for Garments,

Interpretation, 8.29.8 Gloves, Footwear, Hoods, Garment Materials,
Visor Materials, Glove Materials, Footwear
Procedure, 8.29.6
Materials, Hood Materials, Seams, and
Report, 8.29.7 Closures, 8.1.2
Samples, 8.29.2 Seam/Closure Breaking Strength Test, 8.12
Specific Requirements for Testing Class 2R, 3R, and 4R Application, 8.12.1
Ensembles, 8.29.10
Interpretation, 8.12.6
Specific Requirements for Testing Garments, Hoods, Gloves,
Procedure, 8.12.4
and Footwear, 8.29.9
Report, 8.12.5
Specimens, 8.29.3
Samples, 8.12.2
Verification of Flash Exposure, 8.29.5
Specific Procedures for Testing Closure Assemblies, 8.12.8
Overall Garment Function and Integrity Test, 8.3
Specific Procedures for Testing Seams, 8.12.7
Apparatus, 8.3.4
Specimens, 8.12.3
Application, 8.3.1
Slip Resistance Test, 8.18
Interpretation, 8.3.7
Application, 8.18.1
Procedure, 8.3.5
Interpretation, 8.18.6
Report, 8.3.6
Procedure, 8.18.4
Samples, 8.3.2
Report, 8.18.5
Specimens, 8.3.3
Samples, 8.18.2
Particle Inward Leakage Test, 8.5
Specimens, 8.18.3
Apparatus, 8.5.4
Total Heat Loss Test, 8.8
Application, 8.5.1
Apparatus, 8.8.4
Interpretation, 8.5.9
Application, 8.8.1
Procedure, 8.5.5
Interpretation, 8.8.7
Report, 8.5.8
Procedure, 8.8.5, A.8.8.5
Samples, 8.5.2
Report, 8.8.6
Sampling and Analysis of Black Indicator Garment, 8.5.6
Requirements for Testing Class 2 Garment Materials, 8.8.8
Specimens, 8.5.3
Samples, 8.8.2
Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance Test, 8.10
Specimens, 8.8.3
Application, 8.10.1
Ultimate Tensile Strength Test, 8.28
Interpretation, 8.10.6
Application, 8.28.1
Procedure, 8.10.4
Interpretation, 8.28.6
Report, 8.10.5
Procedure, 8.28.4
Samples, 8.10.2
Report, 8.28.5
Specimens, 8.10.3
Samples, 8.28.2
Puncture Resistance Test 1, 8.15
Specimens, 8.28.3
Application, 8.15.1
Viral Penetration Resistance Test, 8.20
Interpretation, 8.15.6
Application, 8.20.1
Procedure, 8.15.4
Interpretation, 8.20.6
Report, 8.15.5
Procedure, 8.20.4
Samples, 8.15.2
Report, 8.20.5
Specific Requirements for Testing Elastomeric Interface
Materials, 8.15.9 Samples, 8.20.2
Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear Upper Specific Requirements for Testing Footwear Materials After
Materials, 8.15.8 Abrading, 8.20.10
Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Materials, 8.15.7 Specific Requirements for Testing Garment Materials, 8.20.7
Specimens, 8.15.3 Specific Requirements for Testing Garment or Glove
Sample Preparation Procedures, 8.1 Seams, 8.20.11
Specific Requirements for Testing Glove Materials, 8.20.9
Abrasion Procedure for Element Materials, 8.1.4
Specific Requirements for Testing Visor or Facepiece
Application, 8.1.1
Materials, 8.20.8
Class Type R Ensemble Preconditioning Procedure, 8.1.9
Specimens, 8.20.3
Elevated Humidity Conditioning Procedure for Garment,
Visor High-Mass Impact Resistance Test, 8.13
Glove, Footwear Seam, Closure, Visor Materials,
and Exhaust Valves, 8.1.8 Application, 8.13.1
Fatigue Procedure for Suit Closure Assemblies, 8.1.7 Interpretation, 8.13.6
Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Footwear, 8.1.6 Procedure, 8.13.4
Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Garment Materials, 8.1.3 Report, 8.13.5
Flexural Fatigue Procedure for Gloves, 8.1.5 Samples, 8.13.2

2018 Edition
1994-110 PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLES FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO HAZMAT EMERGENCIES AND CBRN TERRORISM INCIDENTS

Specimens, 8.13.3 -V-

Tethered Applications Visor Material
Definition, 3.3.74, A.3.3.74 Definition, 3.3.76
Toxic Industrial Chemicals
Definition, 3.3.75

2018 Edition
 Sequence of Events for the Standards Committee Membership
Development Process Classifications1,2,3,4
Once the current edition is published, a Standard is opened for The following classifications apply to Committee members
Public Input. and represent their principal interest in the activity of the
Committee.
Step 1 – Input Stage
• Input accepted from the public or other committees for 1. M Manufacturer: A representative of a maker or mar-
consideration to develop the First Draft keter of a product, assembly, or system, or portion
• Technical Committee holds First Draft Meeting to revise thereof, that is affected by the standard.
Standard (23 weeks); Technical Committee(s) with Cor- 2. U User: A representative of an entity that is subject to
relating Committee (10 weeks) the provisions of the standard or that voluntarily
• Technical Committee ballots on First Draft (12 weeks); uses the standard.
Technical Committee(s) with Correlating Committee 3. IM Installer/Maintainer: A representative of an entity that
(11 weeks) is in the business of installing or maintaining a prod-
• Correlating Committee First Draft Meeting (9 weeks) uct, assembly, or system affected by the standard.
• Correlating Committee ballots on First Draft (5 weeks) 4. L Labor: A labor representative or employee concerned
• First Draft Report posted on the document information with safety in the workplace.
page 5. RT Applied Research/Testing Laboratory: A representative
of an independent testing laboratory or indepen-
Step 2 – Comment Stage
dent applied research organization that promulgates
• Public Comments accepted on First Draft (10 weeks) fol- and/or enforces standards.
lowing posting of First Draft Report 6. E Enforcing Authority: A representative of an agency or
• If Standard does not receive Public Comments and the an organization that promulgates and/or enforces
Technical Committee chooses not to hold a Second Draft standards.
meeting, the Standard becomes a Consent Standard and 7. I Insurance: A representative of an insurance company,
is sent directly to the Standards Council for issuance (see broker, agent, bureau, or inspection agency.
Step 4) or 8. C Consumer: A person who is or represents the ultimate
• Technical Committee holds Second Draft Meeting purchaser of a product, system, or service affected by
(21 weeks); Technical Committee(s) with Correlating the standard, but who is not included in (2).
Committee (7 weeks) 9. SE Special Expert: A person not representing (1) through
• Technical Committee ballots on Second Draft (11 weeks); (8) and who has special expertise in the scope of the
Technical Committee(s) with Correlating Committee standard or portion thereof.
(10 weeks)
• Correlating Committee Second Draft Meeting (9 weeks)
• Correlating Committee ballots on Second Draft NOTE 1: “Standard” connotes code, standard, recom-
(8 weeks) mended practice, or guide.
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tion page NOTE 3: While these classifications will be used by the
Standards Council to achieve a balance for Technical Com-
Step 3 – NFPA Technical Meeting
mittees, the Standards Council may determine that new
• Notice of Intent to Make a Motion (NITMAM) accepted classifications of member or unique interests need repre-
(5 weeks) following the posting of Second Draft Report sentation in order to foster the best possible Committee
• NITMAMs are reviewed and valid motions are certified deliberations on any project. In this connection, the Stan-
by the Motions Committee for presentation at the NFPA dards Council may make such appointments as it deems
Technical Meeting appropriate in the public interest, such as the classification
• NFPA membership meets each June at the NFPA Techni- of “Utilities” in the National Electrical Code Committee.
cal Meeting to act on Standards with “Certified Amend-
NOTE 4: Representatives of subsidiaries of any group are
ing Motions” (certified NITMAMs)
generally considered to have the same classification as the
• Committee(s) vote on any successful amendments to the
parent organization.
Technical Committee Reports made by the NFPA mem-
bership at the NFPA Technical Meeting
Step 4 – Council Appeals and Issuance of Standard
• Notification of intent to file an appeal to the Standards
Council on Technical Meeting action must be filed within
20 days of the NFPA Technical Meeting
• Standards Council decides, based on all evidence,
whether to issue the standard or to take other action
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ules for actual dates.
2. Annual revision cycle documents with certified amend-
ing motions take approximately 101 weeks to complete.
3. Fall revision cycle documents receiving certified amend-
ing motions take approximately 141 weeks to complete.
6/16-A
 Submitting Public Input / Public Comment Through the Online Submission System
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6/16-B
 Information on the NFPA Standards Development Process

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applicable rules include NFPA Bylaws, NFPA Technical Meeting Convention Rules, NFPA Guide for the Conduct of Participants in
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regulations for a full understanding of this process and for the criteria that govern participation.
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