1st Quarter ICT Lesson

Unlocking of Vocabulary

 Animation A series of pictures or frames created to simulate movement.

 ICT sectors combine manufacturing and services industries whose
products primarily fulfil or enable the function of information processing
and communication by electronic means, including transmission and
display.
 Graphic designers create visual concepts, using computer software or by
hand, to communicate ideas that inspire, inform, and captivate
consumers.
 Computer security, cybersecurity, digital security, or information
technology security is the protection of computer systems and networks
from attacks by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized access.
 Computer Systems Servicing refers to the process of providing
maintenance and support for computer systems. It involves tasks such as
installing, configuring, troubleshooting, and maintaining computer
systems and networks.

DAY 1-2
Sub-Topic: Sectors of ICT and Its Career and Business Opportunities
1. Explicitation
ICT plays a significant role nowadays. ICT or Information and Communications Technology
stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications
(telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software,
middleware, storage, and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand,
and manipulate information.
The creation, production, commercialization, and widespread use of new technology are the
major operations carried out by the manufacturing and service sectors that comprise the ICT
sector. ICT skills are becoming more in demand, and organizations might benefit from combining
these with communication abilities in Public Relations, advertising, and media communications.
Here are the different preferences when it comes to choosing career paths. It covers career
opportunities in ICT sectors such as Programming, Visual Arts, Computer System Servicing, and
Telecommunications.

Computer Programming- Programming skills are essential for many technology disciplines but
are in especially high demand for software and web development roles.

Programmer - professionals who write and test code to

Enable applications and software programs to run
successfully on a computer in order
to create instructions for the machine to follow.

What do computer programmers do?

• Writing and testing code for new programs. Computer programmers

work closely with web and software developers to write code for new
mobile applications or computer programs.
• Updating existing programs. Programmers also create and install
updates for existing software programs. An update might include a bug
fix, or enhanced functionality to improve the user experience.
• Identifying and correcting coding errors. On a daily basis, computer
programmers might assist in troubleshooting parts of a website or
computer program that are not functioning correctly.
• Rewriting programs for different operating systems.
Often, programmers have to rewrite code in
different languages, so that programs and
applications can be compatible with different operating
systems.
• Secure programs against cybersecurity threats.
Many computer programmers work in the
cybersecurity field, helping to identify
malicious software and fix software that
could be vulnerable to potential hacks.

Web and game developer - Making

interactive, eye-catching experiences is what
game development is all about, so maybe
that fits you better. However, web
development can be a fantastic option if
you're passionate about creating websites
and web applications as well as working with
various technologies.

Visual Arts
Animator/Illustrator - plan, create, develop, and
prepare images and diagrams using traditional
and digital media, such as drawing, painting,
drafting, collage, models, photography, and image
capture and manipulation, to convey ideas, make
meaning clear, support presentations, and
illustrate stories.

Graphic Designer - using computer software or by

hand, graphic designers develop visual concepts
that convey concepts to audiences in a way that
enthralls, inspires, and informs them. They create
the overall production design and layout for things
like reports, brochures, magazines, and ads.

Computer System Servicing

The process of maintaining and supporting
computer systems is referred to as computer
systems servicing. It includes setting up,
adjusting, debugging, and maintaining networks
and computer systems.

Computer/Network technician - examine, test,

diagnose, and assess current network systems,
including servers, cloud networks, wide area
networks (WAN), local area networks (LAN), and
other data communications networks. To
guarantee that networks run properly and with
the least amount of disruption, perform network
maintenance.

Call center agents/outbound and inbound

agents /contact center services- calls from
clients arrive at an inbound call center. As
incoming calls are usually from current clients
who have problems or inquiries, support teams
usually keep an eye on inbound centers. On the
other hand, an outbound call center calls
customers on their behalf.

Telecommunication - Transfer data globally in

the forms of text, voice, audio, or video are
referred to as telecoms companies.
2. Worked Example
Here are the different sectors of ICT and the career opportunities they offer. In
computer programming, you can be web developers or game developers. In visual
arts, you can be animators or graphic designer.

DAY 3

Sub-Topic: Trends and Issues in ICT

1. Explicitation
Every year, current trends emerge in the ICT business. In the modern world, one needs to be
conversant with all the different trends they encompass. Knowledge of the Current patterns will
be beneficial for whatever one's vocation. You or anybody else recognizes the possibilities of
enhancements as well as the advancement of this kind of business.
The technology sector is presently going through unparalleled expansion. Increasingly more
Companies are trying to grow within this sector due to its excellent potential. ICT has become
recognized as an important and appreciated element within the present Organizational structure.

• Superapps, the ICT supertrend

Asia, particularly China, is the origin of this idea. These are applications that combine a lot of
services so users can have access to a single application that does everything. The services
include a dedicated messaging area and a bank transfer area. As they boost their
competitiveness and foster customer loyalty, they are becoming more and more well-known
among businesses.
• Explosion of the metaverse in the business world
With the creation of virtual spaces that can blur physical barriers, the virtual world hopes to
realize its great potential and excel in important fields like the potential to change the way
people live, work, and shop.
• Digital twins
The teacher will ask the learners for some questions, clarification,
or muddy parts in the lesson, and explain it with further examples if necessary.
• MedTech, the revolution in medicine
The convergence of IoT and MedTech represents a significant chance to leverage digital
technologies like virtual care, RPA, AI, and others to overcome obstacles and settle disputes in
the modern healthcare industry.

• Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity

The primary goal of this technology is to increase data security on smart networks; therefore,
businesses should prioritize optimizing smart device security capabilities.
• Blockchain, one of the most secure ICT trends guarantees that the integrity of data is
maintained while doing away with single control over information and party middlemen. To
enable the automation of transactions and communications, the data are thus stored
in a highly secure and encrypted manner, thereby providing an unquestionable boost to digital
identity.

Issues in Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

• Cybersecurity threats: With the increasing reliance on digital systems and the internet,
cybersecurity threats such as hacking, malware, phishing, and cyber attacks have become a
significant concern for individuals, businesses, and governments. Protecting sensitive data and
critical infrastructure from cyber threats is a top priority.

• Data privacy and regulation: The collection, storage, and use of personal data by
companies and organizations have raised concerns about data privacy.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation: The rapid development of AI and automation
technologies has raised concerns about job displacement, algorithmic bias, and ethical
implications.
• Slow Internet Connections: Causes like network congestion, distance from server, outdated
hardware or software

• Viruses: Different types like trojans, worms, ransomware that can corrupt data, steal info. How
they spread through downloads, emails, networks.

Other potential issus:

• E-waste and environmental impact of hardware/devices
• IT personnel shortages and skills gaps
• Digital divide and access inequalities
• Ethical issues around AI, autonomous systems
• Regulation and governance of emerging technologies

2. Worked Example
Here are examples of recent trends and issues in ICT such as artificial intelligence, cloud
computing, and cybersecurity. Notice how these affect our daily lives and businesses. Learners
discuss the impact of these trends and issues on society and industry. Discuss in your group the
impact of these trends and issues on our society and industry. How can we solve these issues?

DAY 4
1. Learners’ Takeaways
The teacher will ask the learners:
1. What is the significant impact of these ICT Sectors in the career and business
opportunities that they may undertake in the future?
2. Why does the issue always arise whenever there is a trend?
3. In your opinion, discuss possible trends five years fromnow?
4. How do ICT trends change as time goes by?
2. Reflection on Learning
The teacher will ask the learners to explain the concept of ICT Sectors and the
career and business opportunities related to it. The teacher will call selected
learners to share their answers. How does this lesson help you to better
understand the concept of Trends and Issues in ICT?
Week 2 INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

Learning Objectives
1. Identify famous local and international successful entrepreneurs.
2. . Discuss the qualities of successful entrepreneurs.

Unlocking of Vocabulary

• Entrepreneurship- Starting and running a business by taking risks to make a profit.

• Entrepreneur- Someone who starts their own business and takes risks to create
something new.
• Creativity- Thinking of new and original ideas or solutions.
• Risk-taking- Being brave enough to try new things, even if they might not work out.
• Open-mindedness- Being open to new ideas and willing to learn from others.
• Passion- Having a strong love and excitement for something, like running a business.

Famous entrepreneurs in the field of information and technology

1. Orlando Vea
2. Joey Gurango
3. Diane Eustaquio
4. Gian Scottie Javelona
5. Dennis Anthony Uy

Topic 1: Qualities of Successful Entrepreneurs in the Field of ICT

1. Creativity: Successful entrepreneurs are good at thinking of new and different ideas to solve
problems and make their business stand out.
2. Professionalism: Entrepreneurs act in a mature and responsible way, like following rules,
being honest, and treating others with respect.
3. Risk-taking: Being an entrepreneur means being brave and willing to take chances, even if it
might not work out, to make progress and grow their business.
4. Passion: Successful entrepreneurs have a strong love for what they do, which keeps them
motivated and excited about their work every day.
5. Planning: Entrepreneurs set goals and make plans to reach those goals, helping them stay
organized and focused on what they want to achieve.
6. Knowledge: Entrepreneurs are always curious and eager to learn new things, whether it's
about their business, industry trends, or the world around them.
7. Social Skills: Entrepreneurs are good at communicating with others, making friends, and
working well in teams to achieve common goals.
8. Open-mindedness: Successful entrepreneurs are open to new ideas, willing to learn from
others, and not afraid to make mistakes because they see them as opportunities to grow and
improve.
9. Empathy: Entrepreneurs care about how others feel and try to understand different
perspectives, which helps them build strong relationships with customers, employees, and
partners.
10. Value Customers: Successful entrepreneurs focus on providing excellent products or
services that meet the needs of their customers, making sure they are happy and satisfied with
what they offer.

DAY 2
Topic 2: Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) Standards in ICT

A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else. Examples of

workplace hazards include:
• frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
• boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone)
• noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing)

Risk is the possibility that a hazard will harm someone.

Hazards in ICT Environments

1. Physical Hazards- cables running across the floor, slippery floor.
2. Mechanical Hazards- computer chassis
3. Chemical Hazards- display cleaning chemicals, keyboard cleaning
chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust removers, and many cleaning
solvents.
4. Electric Shock Hazard- Inside computers and electronic equipment
5.CRT Monitor High Voltage Hazard- open CRT monitors

5s in Organizing ICT Environments:

1. Seiri - Sorting/Putting things in order
(Remove/discard what is not needed so that there are fewer hazards and
less clutter to interfere with work. Only keep what is needed.)
2. Seiton - Orderliness/Proper Arrangement
(Place things in such a way that they can be easily reached whenever they
are needed. There must be a place for everything, and everything must be
in its place.")
3. Seiso - Clean/cleanliness.
(Keep workplace and things clean and polished; no trash or dirt in the
workplace)
4. Seiketsu - Standardize/Purity
(Maintain cleanliness after cleaning, consistently- perpetual cleaning.
Such cleaning is part of everyone’s work.)
5. Shitsuke - Sustaining/discipline/commitment
(Maintain standards and keep the facility in safe and efficient order day
after day, year after year.)
Benefits of 5S Methodology:
The 5S methodology provides numerous benefits to organizations that adopt it.
Some of the benefits include:
1. Improved productivity
2. Reduced waste
3. Enhanced safety
4. Increased employee satisfaction
5. Improved customer satisfaction
6. Improved quality
7. Reduced costs

DAY 3
SUB-TOPIC 3: Safety Precautions When Working in ICT Environments Fire Safety
Guidelines

The 3 Major Objectives of Following Safety Guidelines

• Protect people from injury.
• Protect equipment from damage.
• Protect the environment from contamination.

Safety Precautions when working in the Computer Laboratory:

1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
2. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of accident or
emergency.
3. Be careful with the tools that may cause a short circuit.
4. Always pull the cable connector on the handle and not hold on the cable itself.
5. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or on a concrete floor.
6. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable
connector.
8. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your
working area or near computers.
9. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other
emergencies are recognized.
10. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with
organization procedures and practice.
11. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are
identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co‐workers, workplace, and
environment.
12. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer
from damage caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
13. Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the ICs.
14. Read and follow instructions in the manual carefully.
15. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place.
Fire Safety Guidelines
• Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them, and which to
use for electrical fires and for combustible fires.
• Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of control.
• Know how to contact emergency services quickly.
• Keep the workspace clean.
• Keep most solvents in a separate area.

DAY 4
1. Learners’ Takeaways
In this week’s lessons, I have learned that in order to be a successful
entrepreneur in ICT I must have the following traits like:
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
2. Reflection on Learning
Situational Analysis:
A. The wet floor in a computer laboratory is a hazard. However, no one is
using the laboratory because the learners are on summer vacation. Do you
think the risk is high? Why?
B. Suppose you are the owner of a computer shop, and you notice that the
wires are hanging loosely. How would you resolve this problem?
C. Suppose you are the teacher managing the computer laboratory of the
school, how would you ensure the safety of your learners?
WEEK #3

Topic: Computer Number System

INTRODUCTION

In the world of computers, numbers are represented using different systems. The
most common system is the binary system, which uses only the digits 0 and 1 to
represent all numbers and data. Each digit in a binary number is called a bit.
Another important system is the hexadecimal system, which uses the digits 0-9 and
letters A-F to represent numbers. Computers also use the octal system, which uses
digits 0-7.

A number system is a method of representing numbers using specific rules. It

provides a consistent way to express numerical values. In mathematics, we use
various number systems to represent and manipulate numbers. Here are the four
most common types:

 Decimal Number System (Base-10):

· The decimal system uses ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
· Each position to the left of the decimal point represents powers of 10 (units,
tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.).

 Binary Number System (Base-2):

· The binary system uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
· It is widely used in computer science and digital electronics.

 Octal Number System (Base-8):

· The octal system uses eight digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
· It is less common but still used in some contexts.

 Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16):

· The hexadecimal system uses sixteen digits: 0–9 and A–F (where A represents
10, B represents 11, and so on).
· It is commonly used in computer programming and memory addressing

The number system plays a crucial role in mathematics and our daily lives.

1. Representation of Quantities:
✧ A number system provides a way to represent quantities. Whether it’s
counting objects, measuring distances, or calculating time, numbers allow us
to express these concepts precisely.
✧ For example, when you count the number of apples in a basket or measure
the length of a room, you’re using the number system.

2. Foundation for Mathematical Concepts:

✧ All mathematical concepts and formulas are based on the number system.
Whether you’re solving equations, working with geometry, or analyzing data,
numbers are fundamental.

✧ From basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication,

division) to advanced calculus and algebra, numbers underpin mathematical
reasoning.
3. Types of Numbers:
✧ The number system encompasses various types of numbers:
1. Counting Numbers: These start with 1 and continue indefinitely (1,
2, 3, …).
2. Whole Numbers: Include all counting numbers along with zero (0, 1,
2, …).
3. Integers: Positive and negative whole numbers, including zero (-3, -2,
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …).
4. Rational Numbers: Expressible as fractions (e.g., 3/4, -2/5).
5. Irrational Numbers: Cannot be expressed as fractions (e.g., √2, π).
6. Real Numbers: Encompass both rational and irrational numbers.
7. Even Numbers: Divisible by 2 (e.g., 2, 4, 6, …).
8. Odd Numbers: Not divisible by 2 (e.g., 3, 5, 7, …).
9. Prime Numbers: Divisible only by 1 and themselves (e.g., 5, 7, 13).
10. Composite Numbers: Have multiple factors (e.g., 10, 15, 28).

4. Digital Systems and Data Representation:

✧ Understanding number systems is essential for digital systems (like
computers) because they process data using binary representation (base-2).
✧ Computers use bits (0s and 1s) to represent information, and this binary
system relies on the principles of the number system.
The number system is not only a mathematical tool but also a fundamental
aspect of our everyday interactions with the world. It allows us to quantify,
calculate, and communicate effectively.

DAY 1
SUB-TOPIC 1: Binary Numbers

Unlocking of Difficulties

• Number system - is a mathematical way of representing a set of values using

digits or symbols.
• Decimal - is a number that consists of a whole part and a fractional part separated
by a decimal point.
• Binary - is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system, in this system, we
use only two symbols: typically, "0" (zero) and "1" (one).
• Octal - is a type of numeral system that uses a base of eight, in this system, the
digits range from 0 to 7.

The binary number system is a fundamental concept in computer science and digital
electronics. It uses a base-2 numeral system, which means it only employs two
distinct symbols: 0 (zero) and 1 (one). Here are the key points about binary numbers:

Representation:
10. In binary, each digit is called a bit.
11. The binary system is used internally by almost all modern computers and
electronic devices because it directly maps to electronic circuits using logic
gates.
12. Unlike our everyday decimal system (base 10), which uses ten symbols (0-9),
binary uses only two symbols (0 and 1).
Conversion:
13. To convert a decimal number to binary, follow these steps:
14. Divide the decimal number by 2.
15. Use the integer quotient obtained as the dividend for the next step.
16. Continue dividing until the quotient becomes 0.
17. Write down the remainders in reverse order to get the binary
representation.
Example: Convert 4 to Binary:
18. Let's convert the decimal number 4 to binary:
Step 1: Divide 4 by 2.
Quotient: 2, Remainder: 0
Step 2: Divide 2 by 2.
Quotient: 1, Remainder: 0
Step 3: Divide 1 by 2.
Quotient: 0, Remainder: 1
Reverse the remainders: 100
19. Therefore, 4 in binary is 100.

Bit in Binary Number:

20.A single binary digit is called a bit.
Examples:
21. 10101 is a five-bit binary number.

22. 101 is a three-bit binary number.

23. 100001 is a six-bit binary number.

The teacher will ask the following questions to gain specific details, opinions, or
experiences from the learners:
1. How many different digits are used in the binary number system?
2. Can you explain the concept of place value in binary numbers?
3. Why is the binary number system important in computing and digital
technology?

Day 2
SUB-TOPIC 2: Octal Numbers

The octal number system is a base-8 system that uses digits from 0 to 7 to represent
any number. It is similar to other number systems like binary and hexadecimal. Here
are some key points about octal numbers:

Base and Digits:

29. The base of the octal system is 8.
30. It uses the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Representation:
31. Octal numbers are usually represented by binary numbers when grouped
in pairs of three.
32. For example, the octal number 128 is expressed as 0010102 in binary,
where 1 is equivalent to 001 and 2 is equivalent to 010.

Conversion:
33. To convert decimal numbers to octal, we use the octal dabble method.
34. For example, to convert 56010 to octal:
35. 560 ÷ 8 = 70 with a remainder of 0
36. 70 ÷ 8 = 8 with a remainder of 6
37. 8 ÷ 8 = 1 with a remainder of 0
38. 1 ÷ 8 = 0 with a remainder of 1
39. So, the octal representation is 10608

Table of Octal Digits:

40. We use only 3 bits to represent octal numbers.
41. Each group has a distinct value between 000 and 111.
42. Octal digits range from 0 to 7.

Applications:
43. Octal numbers are commonly used in computer programming because they
provide a compact way to represent binary numbers (each octal digit corresponds
to three binary digits)
Day 3
SUB-TOPIC 3: Decimal Numbers

1. Explicitation
A decimal number is a number that consists of a whole number and a fractional
part separated by a point (often called the decimal point).

Whole Number Part: The whole number part represents the integral value of the
quantity. It can be any positive or negative integer.
For example:
• In the decimal number 42.85, the whole number part is 42.
• In the decimal number -123.456, the whole number part is -123

Fractional Part: The fractional part represents a value smaller than one. It appears
after the decimal point.
For example:
• In the decimal number 42.85, the fractional part is 0.85.
• In the decimal number -123.456, the fractional part is 0.456.
Decimal Point: The decimal point separates the whole number part from the
fractional part. It serves as a visual indicator that we are dealing with a decimal.
For example:
47.The decimal point in 42.85 separates 42 (whole) from 85 (fractional).
48.The decimal point in -123.456 separates -123 (whole) from 456 (fractional).
Decimal numbers allow us to express quantities that are whole plus some part of a
whole. They are commonly encountered in everyday situations, such as grocery
shopping,
measurements, and financial calculations

Decimal numbers are an important part of mathematics and are used in many everyday
situations. They represent values that are between whole numbers, allowing for more
precise measurements and calculations. In this worksheet, you will practice working
with decimal numbers through an activity.

DAY 4
SUB-TOPIC 4: Hexadecimal Number
1. Explicitation
The hexadecimal number system often simply called “hex,” is a base-16 numeral
system. Unlike our familiar base-10 (decimal) system, which uses ten symbols (0 to 9)
to represent numbers, hexadecimal employs sixteen symbols. These symbols include
the numerals 0 to 9 and the letters A to F. Each digit in a hexadecimal number
corresponds to a specific value, allowing us to express quantities in a compact and
efficient manner.
Base-16 Representation:
• Hexadecimal uses a base value of 16. This means that each column in a
hexadecimal number represents a power of 16.
• The sixteen symbols used in hexadecimal are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, and F.
• For example, the hexadecimal number “1A” represents 1 × 16 + 10 = 26 in
decimal.
Conversion to Other Systems:
• Hexadecimal numbers can be converted to other number systems:
• To decimal (base-10): Each digit is multiplied by the corresponding power of 16
and summed.
• To binary (base-2): Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to a 4-bit binary
representation.
• To octal (base-8): First convert to decimal, then to octal.
• These conversions are essential in computer science and digital systems.
Hexadecimal provides a convenient way to work with binary data and efficiently
represent values in various contexts
2. Worked Example
The teacher will ask the following questions to gain specific details, opinions, or
experiences from the learners:
1. What is the base of a hexadecimal number system?
2. How many unique symbols are used in hexadecimal numbers?
3. Can you explain why hexadecimal numbers are commonly used in computer
science and digital systems?
Example: Convert the decimal number 456 to hexadecimal
1. Divide the decimal number by 16 and record the quotient and remainder.
2. Repeat the division using the quotient from the previous step until the quotient is
zero.
3. The hexadecimal number is formed by the remainders read from bottom to top.
Steps:
1. Initial Number: 456
2. First Division:
○ Divide 456 by 16.
○ Quotient: 456÷16=28456 \div 16 = 28456÷16=28 (integer part)
○ Remainder: 456 mod 16=8456 \mod 16 = 8456mod16=8
3. So, 456 divided by 16 gives a quotient of 28 and a remainder of 8.
4. Second Division:
○ Now divide the quotient from the first division (28) by 16.
○ Quotient: 28÷16=128 \div 16 = 128÷16=1 (integer part)
○ Remainder: 28 mod 16=1228 \mod 16 = 1228mod16=12
5. So, 28 divided by 16 gives a quotient of 1 and a remainder of 12. Note that in
hexadecimal, 12 is represented as 'C'.
6. Third Division:
○ Now divide the quotient from the second division (1) by 16.
○ Quotient: 1÷16=01 \div 16 = 01÷16=0 (integer part)
○ Remainder: 1mod 16=11 \mod 16 = 11mod16=1
7. So, 1 divided by 16 gives a quotient of 0 and a remainder of 1.
8. Construct the Hexadecimal Number:
○ Write the remainders from the last to the first.
○ The remainders are 1, 12 (C in hexadecimal), and 8.
9. Therefore, the hexadecimal representation of the decimal number 456 is 1C8.
Summary
● Divide the decimal number by 16.
● Write down the remainder.
● Use the quotient for the next division.
● Repeat until the quotient is zero.

The hexadecimal number is the remainders read from bottom to top.

The steps above show the conversion process clearly. This method can be used for any
decimal number to convert it to hexadecimal.
WEEK #4

Topic: Word Processing Software

DAY 1 AND 2

Word processing software is a powerful tool that many of us use daily without
even realizing it. But what exactly is word processing software? In simple terms, it is a
computer program designed to create, edit, format, and print documents. One of the
most common examples of word processing software is Microsoft Word.
With Word, you can type up essays, reports, letters, and more.
The software allows you to easily change the font style, size, and color
of your text. You can also add images, tables, and even graphs to make
your documents more visually appealing.Another great feature of word
processing software is the ability to check for spelling and grammar
errors.
This can be super helpful, especially when you're working on an important
school project or preparing a document for work.One of the biggest advantages of using
word processing software is the ability to easily make changes to your documents.
Instead of having to rewrite an entire page just to fix a typo, you can simply go back and
edit the mistake with a few clicks of your mouse.
Overall, word processing software simplifies the process of creating and editing written
documents. It makes tasks like typing up assignments, crafting letters, or even drafting
stories much more efficient and organized

Word processing is a crucial skill for students to master as it allows them to create,
edit, and format text documents efficiently. The purpose of learning word processing
goes beyond simply typing; it involves learning how to use various tools like spell check,
formatting options, and inserting images to enhance the overall appearance of their
work. By understanding the purpose of word processing, students can improve their
communication skills, organize their ideas effectively, and prepare professional-looking
documents for a variety of purposes, including school assignments and future careers.
Unlocking Content Area Vocabulary

• Word Processing Software - is a type of application that allows users to manipulate

and design text documents. It’s commonly used for creating, editing, saving, and
printing various types of written content.
• Page Break - is a command that forces content following it to start on a new page. It
ensures that specific sections or elements (such as tables, images, or chapters)
begin on fresh pages.
• Column Break - similar to a page break, a column break forces content to start in
a new column within a multi-column layout.
• Text Wrapping Break - this type of break affects how text wraps around an object
(like an image or shape). It allows you to control how text flows around the object,
ensuring readability and visual appeal.
• Table of Contents - is a helpful way to organize and navigate through the different
sections of a document. It provides readers with an overview of what topics or sections
are covered and allows them to jump directly to specific parts of the content.
• Document- A file created in Word that can contain text, images, tables, and other
elements.
 SUB-TOPIC 1: Page Break

When working on a document in Microsoft Word, you may encounter the need to
start a new page at a specific point in your text. This is where a page break comes in
handy.
A page break is a tool that allows you to control where one-page ends, and the next
one
begins. Additionally, in long documents, it’s essential to manage how content is
distributed across pages and provide a navigation tool like a table of contents.
Page breaks are essential for controlling where a new page begins within your
document. They allow you to separate content logically and ensure that specific sections
start on fresh pages.

These features improve readability and professionalism.

The following question will be asked to the learners to prompt thoughtful responses
and encourage discussion.
1. When would you use a page break in a document?
2. How can a table of contents benefit the reader of a long document?

By using page breaks effectively, you can ensure that your document is well-organized
and neatly formatted. Whether you are working on a school project, a report, or any
other document in Word, knowing how to insert and manage page breaks will help you
create professional-looking documents.

How to insert Page Break in MS Word.

Step #1: Open the Word document.
● Open the Word document that has page breaks in it.
By default, these are not visible.

Step #2: Display page breaks

● Click on the Home tab in the top menu bar to change the ribbon.

• In the Paragraph section, click on the Pilcrow icon to show hidden characters.

Along with other hidden characters, Word will display page breaks.
You can click the Pilcrow icon again to hide the page breaks.
Use page breaks to control where a page ends and where a new page begins.
Step #3: Insert a page break
1. Place the cursor where you want to start a new page.
2. Select Insert > Page Break.
Step #4: Change page break settings
1. Select Layout.
2. In the Paragraph group, select the small arrow.
3. In the Paragraph dialog box, select Line and Page Breaks.
4. Under Pagination, choose the option that works best for you:
▪
Widow/Orphan control
▪
Keep with next
▪
Keep lines together
▪
Page break before
Step #5: Delete a page break
1. Select Home > Show/Hide .
This will display non-printing
characters—paragraph markers,
section breaks, page breaks,
etc.—that you may want to see
while you’re working on your
document.
2. Double-click the page break so
that it's selected, and then press
Delete.

Adjust automatic page breaks

You can't remove automatic page breaks, but you can prevent them from landing in
awkward places, such as between lines of text you'd like to keep together. You can
adjust the page break settings for selected paragraphs.
1. Select the paragraphs you want to apply the settings to.
2. Go to Layout or Page Layout and select the Paragraph dialog box launcher.
3. On the Line and Page Breaks tab, choose one or more of the following:
▪ Widow/Orphan control places at least two lines of a paragraph at the top
or bottom of a page.
▪ Keep with next prevents breaks between paragraphs you want to stay
together.
▪ Keep lines together prevents page breaks in the middle of paragraphs.
▪ Page break before adds a page break before a specific paragraph.
DAY 3 AND 4
SUB-TOPIC 2: Auto Table of Contents

Auto Table of Contents in MS Word is a handy feature that automatically generates a table of
contents based on the headings in your document.
To use this tool safely and responsibly, it's essential to ensure that your document headings are correctly
formatted with the appropriate heading styles.
This not only helps MS Word accurately generate the table of contents but also makes your document
more accessible and organized for readers. Remember to regularly update your table of contents as you
make changes to your document to keep it current and user-friendly. By practicing caution and vigilance
when
using the Auto Table of Contents feature, you can enhance the readability and
professionalism of your documents.

The teacher will ask the learners the following elicitation questions to develop understanding on the topic.
1. What is the purpose of using the auto table of contents feature in MS Word?
2. How does MS Word generate the auto table of contents based on the document's content?
3. Can you explain the benefits of utilizing the auto table of contents function for organizing a lengthy
document?

When reading a book, the table of contents makes it easier to navigate through the
contents. You can also generate a table of contents in your Word document.
A table of contents helps especially when your document is large. It allows the
reader to locate and navigate to a specific topic of interest. This also makes your do
cument more user-friendly. At the same time, it becomes easier for you to edit the
content in your document.
To add a table of contents, your document must be using the first three heading
styles. These are Heading 1, heading 2, and Heading 3. You can add the heading
styles as you are writing the document. But if you have not done so, you can add
them later as well. Once you have added the heading styles, you can create the table
of contents.
Word allows you to:
● Create a table of contents
● Update the table of contents
● Remove the table of contents
How to Create a Table of Contents in MS Word
Step #1: Open the document.
● Open the Word document where you want to insert the table of contents.
It is customary to create the table of contents at the beginning of the document.
However, some authors prefer to create it at the end.
● Place your cursor where you want
the table of contents to appear.
Highlights: Introduction.

Step #2: Open the built-in list.

● Click on the Reference tab
on the top menu bar to
change the ribbon.

In the section Table of Contents, click

on the Table of Contents icon.
This opens the built-in list for the
table of contents.
Step #3: Insert a table of contents.
The built-in list offers three choices:
● Automatic Table 1 – Word
applies the main heading as
Contents. It copies headings
and subheadings from those
in the document.
● Automatic Table 2 – Word
applies the main heading as Table of Contents.
It copies headings and
subheadings from those in the document.
● Manual Table – Word applies the main heading as Table of Contents. It
allows you to manually add headings and subheadings of your choice.
You can click on any one of
the three. Let us click on
Automatic Table 2.
Word introduces a table of
contents.

In the table of contents, you can press Ctrl and click on any heading or subheading
to navigate to it.

Update the Table of Contents

Step #1: Open the document.

● Click on the main heading – Table of Contents.

A small box will open above the main heading

The Update Table of Contents dialog box

offers two choices:
● Update page numbers only
● Update entire table
You may have edited the contents of your
document, but not the headings and
subheadings.

This will change the page numbers for different sections in your document.
Select Update page numbers only to show the changes in page numbers in the
table of contents.
If you have added or deleted headings and or subheadings, you must Update the
entire table. This will update all headings, subheadings, and page numbers.
●
After making your choice, click on Ok.
Word will update the table of contents accordingly.
●
Click anywhere in your document to close the small box above the table of
contents.
WEEK #5

Topic: Word Processing Software

Sub-Topic: Mail Merge, References

DAY 1 AND 2

Mail merge in MS Word is a helpful feature that allows you to create personalized
documents, such as letters or labels, for multiple recipients at once. By using a list of
information, you can automate the process of customizing each document with
individual details like names, addresses, and other specific content.

Examples:
1. Letter to Students: Imagine you need to send a letter to all your classmates about
an upcoming event. With mail merge, you can create one template letter and
automatically fill in each person's name to make it personal for every recipient.
2. Address Labels: If you're sending out invitations to a party, you can use mail merge
to create address labels for each guest on your list. This way, you don't have to hand
write each label - Word does it for you!
Analogies:
1. Bakery Analogy: Think of mail merge like a bakery making personalized cakes. The
bakery has a list of orders with different names and decorations. With mail merge, Word
is the baker, and the list of orders is your data source. Word helps add the unique
touches to each cake just like it personalizes each document with specific information.
2. School Yearbook Analogy: In a school yearbook, each student has their own section
with a customized message. Mail merge works similarly - like a magical yearbook editor
that automatically fills in the personalized details for each student without having to
write it out by hand.

Mail Merge allows you to create a batch of personalized documents where each
document shares the same layout, formatting, text, and graphics, except for specific
personalized parts.
• These personalized parts can include recipient names, addresses, and other
customized information.
• You associate a data source (such as an Excel spreadsheet, Outlook contact list, or
any other database) with your Word document.

Common Document Types for Mail Merge:

• Letters: Create personalized letters with a customized greeting for each recipient.
Each letter prints on a separate sheet of paper.
• Emails: Send personalized email messages directly from Word, where each recipient's
address is the only address on the "To" line.
• Envelopes or Labels: Generate envelopes or sheets of mailing labels with names and
addresses from your data source.
• Directories: Create a list of information for each item in your data source
(also known as a catalog merge). Useful for printing contact lists or grouping information.
Data Sources:
• You can use various data sources, including Excel spreadsheets, Outlook contacts, or
any database that Word can connect to.
• If you don't have an existing data source, you can even type it directly in
Word during the mail merge process.
In Microsoft Word, references and citations serve important purposes in academic
and professional writing.
1. Citations: Citations enhance the credibility of your work, demonstrate thorough
research, and allow readers to verify the information you've Presented.
2. Bibliography: The bibliography allows readers to explore the sources further, verify
facts, and delve deeper into the topic. It also helps prevent plagiarism by giving proper
credit to the original authors.
3. Microsoft Word's Reference Tools: These tools streamline the process of
organizing and formatting references, making it easier for writers to maintain
consistency and adhere to specific citation styles.

Unlocking Content Area Vocabulary

• Mail Merge - Mail merge is a powerful feature in Microsoft Word that allows you to
create personalized documents, such as letters, envelopes, labels, or email messages, by
combining a fixed template with variable data from a list or database.
• Citations - a way to give credit to the sources of information you use in your research
or writing.
• Reference - is a helpful tool that allows you to add citations, footnotes, end notes, and
tables of contents to your documents.

SUB-TOPIC 1: Mail Merge

1. Explicitation
Mail merge in MS Word is a useful tool that allows you to personalize documents such as
letters, envelopes, labels, and e-mails.
Demonstration: Step-by-Step for Mail Merge Prepare your letter

1. Go to Mailings > Start Mail Merge > Letters.

2. In Word, type the body of the letter that you want to send to your mailing list.
Set up your mailing list
Your mailing list is a data source that contains the information that Word uses to
customize your letter. See Data sources you can use for a mail merge -
Microsoft Support. If you need to sort or filter your mailing list,
see Mail merge: Edit recipients.

Add personalized content to your letter

Add content to your letter that’s different for each
person who receives it.
1. Go to Mailings > Address Block
2. Choose a format for the recipient's name
In the Insert Address Block dialog box.
3. Choose OK.
4. Choose Greeting Line.

5. Select the format you want to use in the Insert Greeting Line dialog box.
For more info, see Insert Greeting Line.
6. Select OK to insert the greeting line field.
7. Go to File > Save.
To insert other custom information from your mailing list, see add mail merge
fields one at a time.

Preview and print the letters

1. Go to Mailings > Preview Results to
preview your letters.

2. Choose Next or Previous to scroll

though your data set to be sure the names and addresses look right.
3. Select Preview Results again switch from the merged results back to the mail
merge fields in your letter
4. Select Finish & Merge > Print Documents.
Choose Edit Individual Documents, Print
Documents, or Send Email Messages.
Save your personalized letter
1. Go to File > Save. When you save the mail merge document, it stays connected
to your mailing list for future use.
2. To reuse your mail merge document, open the mail merge document.
Choose Yes when Word prompts you to keep the connection.
3. You can learn more about how mail merge for letters works in the following
video that is part of a training course.

Day 2
3. Lesson Activity
(See worksheet #1 for the activity which students will accomplish.)
This activity will help you understand how to create customized letters using the Mail
Merge feature. You'll be able to generate bulk letters or emails without manually pasting
individual names, addresses, and other information into each letter.
Here are the steps for the learning activity:
1. Open Microsoft Word:
o Start by opening an existing Word document or creating a new one.
2. Access the Mail Merge Wizard:
o Go to the Mailings tab.
o Click on the Start Mail Merge command.
o Select Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard from the drop-down menu.
3. Choose the Document Type:
o In the Mail Merge task pane, choose the type of document you want
to create (e.g., letters, envelopes, labels).
o For this activity, let's select Letters.
o Click Next: Starting document to proceed.
4. Select Recipients:
o You'll need an address list (recipient data) to automatically place each
address into the document.
o You can use an existing file (e.g., an Excel workbook) or type a new
address list within the Mail Merge Wizard.
o Select Use an existing list and browse to your file.
o If using an Excel workbook, choose the appropriate worksheet.
o In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, select the recipients you
want to include in the merge.
o Click OK when done.
5. Write Your Letter:
o Now you're ready to write your letter.
o Each copy of the letter will have the same content, with recipient data
(e.g., name, address) inserted dynamically.
o Insert placeholders (merge fields) for recipient data where needed.
o For example, use the Address block placeholder to automatically
include recipient addresses.
6. Preview and Complete:
o Preview the merged documents to ensure accuracy.
o Navigate through recipients using Next or Previous.
o Once satisfied, click Finish & Merge to print, email, or save the
personalized letters.

DAY 3
SUB-TOPIC 2: Reference

In Word, you can easily add citations when writing a document where you need to cite
your sources, such as a research paper. Citations can be added in various formats,
including APA, Chicago-style, GOST, IEEE, ISO 690, and MLA. Afterwards, you can create
a bibliography of the sources you used to write your paper.
To add a citation to your document, you first add the source that you used.
Add a new citation and source to a document
1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click the arrow
next to Style and click the style that you want to use for the citation and source.
For example, social sciences documents usually use the MLA or APA styles for
citations and sources.

3. On the Reference tab, click Insert Citation and then do one of the following:
▪ To add the source information, click Add New Source, and then, in
the Create Source dialog box, click the arrow next to Type of Source, and
select the type of source you want to use (for example, a book section or a website).
▪ To add a placeholder, so that you can create a citation and fill in the source
information later, click Add New Placeholder. A question mark appears next to
placeholder sources in Source Manager.
4. If you choose to add a source, enter the details for the source. To add more
information about a source, click the Show All Bibliography Fields check box.
5. Click OK when finished. The source is added as a citation at the place you
selected in your document.

Add citations to your document

1. Click at the end of the sentence or phrase that you want to cite, and then on
the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click Insert Citations.
3. From the list of citations under Insert Citation, select the citation you want to use.

Find a source
The list of sources that you use can become quite long. At times, you might need to
search for a source that you cited in another document.
1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click Manage
Sources.

If you open a new document that does not yet contain citations, all of the sources
that you used in previous documents appear under Master List.
If you open a document that includes citations, the sources for those citations appear
under Current List. All the sources that you have cited, either in previous documents
or in the current document, appear under Master List.
2. To find a specific source, do one of the following:
▪ In the sorting box, sort by author, title, citation tag name, or year, and then
look for the source that you want in the resulting list.
▪ In the Search box, type the title or author for the source that you want to find.
The list dynamically narrows to match your search term.

Edit a source
1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click Manage
Sources.

2. In the Source Manager dialog box, under Master List or Current List, select the
source you want to edit, and then click Edit.
Note: To edit a placeholder to add citation information,
select the placeholder
from Current List and click Edit.
4. In the Edit Source dialog box, make
the changes you want and click OK.

WEEK #6
Topic: Presentation Software
Sub-Topic: ● rules in creating presentations
● master slide
● animation (motion path)
● animation pane

Using presentation software is an effective way of sharing information while also keeping
the audience hooked and helping them remember what was told to them. A good
presentation design is crucial in making your audience engaged in your presentation.

Unlocking Content Vocabulary

 Master Slide- it has built-in layouts, designs and background graphics.
 Motion Path- the technique of customizing the animation of an object in order to
follow a certain path.
 Animation Pane- command enables a user enables to control and view every effect
on the active slide.

SUB-TOPIC: 1 - Rules in Creating Presentations

Explicitation
Creating an engaging PowerPoint presentation requires following certain rules. In this
lesson, we will explore the key principles to help you create presentations that will
capture the audience's attention.
● One idea in one slide. This allows the audience to focus on a concept on each slide
thus, making it easier for them to comprehend and remember.
● Follow the 5 rules. The 5/5/5 rule is a simple guide to keep things short. Observe
five words per line, no more than five lines per slide, and of having five slides in a row
with lots of text. This rule helps keep your audience engaged and paying attention.
● Avoiding slide overload. Limit your elements to six or fewer on each slide.
This keeps things focused. Also, use short text, add some space (white space), and
include images or graphics smartly.
● Mastering slide design. A clear and meaningful heading is a must. It helps your
audience understand what is coming up. Make sure your heading is a short and clear
summary of your entire presentation.
● Effective slide design. Use colors that stand out, keep backgrounds simple, and use
big fonts. As much as possible, do not use italics, underlining, or all caps because they
might take away the audience’s focus from your main message.
● Appropriate animation. Avoid using too many animations. Research shows that an
audience does not like too many movements. Small, simple animations can help
highlight key points and make your audience remember things better. Using too many
might distract the audience and
make your presentation less effective.
● Utilize visual presentations. Use images and graphs to add interest and
engagement to your presentation but make sure to observe balance. Avoid
complex graphics that may distract your audience. When you decide to use
a graph or chart, make sure to explain what it shows so everyone
understands the information you are sharing.

DAY 2
SUB-TOPIC: 2 - Master Slide
1. 1. Explicitation
You might have noticed that some slides have background and other elements that
cannot be changed and cannot be deleted when in the Normal View. What might be the
reason why? This is because the slides have built-in layouts, designs and background
graphics embedded using the Master Slide. If you want to edit or change the layout,
design and background of all your slides, you need to edit the Master Slide.

The Master Slide is designed to achieve consistency and professional-looking

presentation. In PowerPoint presentation, you could use Slide Master View to modify
all the slides and the slide layouts of your presentation. You can also modify the layout of
the individual slides.

Here are some of the most common uses of the Slide Master View
● Modify backgrounds: it customizes the background for all of your slides at the
same time. When you adjust one of the layouts in the Slide Master view, all of the slides
with that layout will change.
● Rearrange placeholders: If you accidentally rearranged the placeholders on each
slide, you can save time by rearranging them using the Slide Master view.
● Customize text formatting: You could also use the Slide Master view to change the
text color on all slides at once.
● Create unique slide layouts: You could use Slide Master view to create your own
unique layouts. Custom layouts can include your own background graphics and
placeholders.
● Customizing Slide Layouts
1. Click the View tab from the
Ribbon. In the
Master
Views group, click Slide
Master view.
2. Locate and select the desired
layout in the left navigation
pane. You can hover the
mouse over each layout to
see which slides are
currently using that layout
in the presentation.
3. In some layouts, the background graphics may be hidden. To show the
graphics, uncheck the box next to Hide Background Graphics found
in the Background group of the Slide Master tab from the Ribbon.
4. Add, move, or delete any objects as desired.
5. If you want to change the arrangement of the placeholders, you can
move, resize, or delete any of them.
6. When you're finished, click the Close Master View command on
the Slide Master tab.
7. All slides using the layout will be updated.
● Create New Slide Layouts
1. Click the View tab from the Ribbon. In the Master Views group, click
Slide Master view.
2. Click the Insert Layout command. The new slide layout will appear.
3. The layout will include title and footer placeholders by default. Click
the Title and Footers boxes in the Master Layout group to toggle
these placeholders on and off.
5. You can now add background graphics, shapes,
6. and pictures to the
slide layout. You can also move,
adjust, and delete the existing
placeholders.
5. To add new placeholders, click the down arrow of
the Insert Placeholder command, then select the
desired placeholder
type.
7. Click and drag to draw the placeholder on the slide.

DAY 3
SUB-TOPIC 3 - Motion Path
1. Explicitation
Have you seen a moving object in a presentation that follows a certain path
or route? This technique of customizing the animation of an object is called
Motion Path.
Animations in Microsoft PowerPoint come in a variety of forms. Effects can be applied to
shapes, pictures, and text. However, if you want to create your own, you can select a
motion path animation to move your object wherever you like
PowerPoint's Motion Path animations allow you to add zigzag, loop, spiral, or swoosh
effects to your objects. You can adjust the points to establish the precise path you want
your object to go once you have chosen the motion path you want to utilize.
1. Open the “Practice” presentation file
2. Click an object that you want to animate.
3. On the Animations tab from the Ribbon, click
Add Animation.
4. Scroll down to Motion Paths, and pick one from the list.
5. If you would like to draw the path, choose Custom Path
from the list.
6. Draw the path in the slide. To stop drawing a custom
7. path press Esc.
7. If you do not like any of the motion paths in the list, click More Motion
Paths.
8. Click an animation to see a preview of how the object will move on your slide.
9. Select the motion path you want then click OK.
10.You should see the movement on the
object in your slide.
11.Try to
change the
direction,
sequence, origin and path.
12.Click Effect Options from the
Animations tab and choose from given
lists.
13.You should see the effect on the object
you have selected.
14.In case you want to remove an
animation, on the slide, click the
motion path (dotted line with arrow),
and then press Delete.
15. Save the changes you have made to your “Practice” presentation.

SUB-TOPIC 4 – Animation Pane

1. Explicitation
The Animation Pane is an essential part of the Animations tab. This
command enables you to control and view every effect on the active slide. The
Animation Pane allows you to easily edit and rearrange effects, which is very
helpful if you have multiple effects. It also allows you to have an easy and
quick preview of the animation effects that you have selected. The effect’s
start option and timing can also be set using the Animation Pane.
2. Worked Example
Guided Practice: Open the “Practice” presentation file and perform the
following steps:
To open the Animation Pane:
1. From the Animations tab, click the Animation Pane command.10
2. The Animation Pane will open on the right side of the window. It
shows all of the effects for the current slide following the order in
which they will appear.

To reorder effects from the Animation Pane:

1. On the Animation Pane, click and drag an
2. effect up or down.
3. You may also use the up and down arrow
4. from the Animation Pane.
2. Simply select the object with effect and click
3. the up or down arrow.
To preview effects from the Animation Pane:
1. From the Animation Pane, click the Play
2. or Play All button.
2. The effects for the current slide will play.
To change an effect's start option:
1. From the Animation Pane, select an effect. A drop-down arrow will appear
next to the effect.
2. Click the drop-down arrow and select one of the three start options.
Start on Click will start the effect when the mouse is clicked,
Start With Previous will start the effect at the same time as the previous
effect, and
Start After Previous will start the effect when the previous effect ends.
To open the Effect Options dialog box:
1. From the Animation Pane, select an effect. A drop-down arrow will appear
next to the effect.
2. Click the drop-down arrow, then select Effect Options.
3. The Effect Options dialog box will appear. Click the drop-down menus
and select the desired settings and enhancements.
4. You can add a sound to the animation, add an
effect after the animation is over, or animate text in a different
sequence.
To change the effect timing:
1. From the Effect Options dialog box, select the Timing tab.
2. From here, you can add a delay before the effect starts, change
the duration of the effect, and control whether the effect repeats.