PATHFIT 1st Topic – Physical Activity
Towards Health and Fitness
What is Physical Education (PE)?
1. PE as a process – It helps an individual achieve mental, social, and
physical fitness skills through physical activities.
2. PE as part of education – It is an integral part of the school program
designed to promote the optimum development of a person.
3. PE as planned instruction – It is a structured, sequential set of
activities that encourages lifelong fitness, teaches movement and sports
skills, and develops mental and emotional well-being.
4. PE as a school course – It uses play and movement to promote health,
fitness, and psychomotor learning.
Objectives of PE:
1. Physical Development – Enhances motor skills, flexibility,
endurance, muscular strength, coordination, and overall health.
2. Social Development – Builds teamwork, leadership, communication,
cooperation, and respect for others.
3. Emotional Development – Promotes confidence, self-control,
courage, stress relief, relaxation, and positive outlook.
4. Mental Development – Sharpens critical thinking, decision-making,
strategy, understanding of game rules, and problem-solving.
PATHFIT: Meaning & Purpose
PATHFIT = Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness.
Purpose:
-Promote a culture of active lifestyle.
-Build foundation for physical wellness (cardio, strength, flexibility,
endurance, composition).
-Encourage lifelong habits that prevent diseases and improve mental health.
-Make exercise accessible, fun, and enjoyable for students.
Components of Fitness
1. Health-Related Fitness (vital for health & survival)
Cardiovascular Endurance – Efficiency of heart and lungs in supplying
oxygen (e.g., jogging, swimming). Prevents cardiovascular disease.
Muscular Strength – Ability of muscles to exert force (e.g., lifting weights,
push-ups). Supports daily tasks and posture.
Muscular Endurance – Ability to sustain effort over time (e.g., sit-ups,
planking, cycling). Prevents fatigue.
Flexibility – Range of motion of joints (e.g., stretching, yoga). Prevents
stiffness and injury.
Body Composition – Ratio of fat to lean mass. Healthy body composition
reduces risk of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
2. Skill-Related Fitness (for sports & performance)
Agility – Quick change of body position with control (e.g., basketball,
badminton).
Coordination – Harmonious use of senses + body parts (e.g., dancing,
dribbling).
Speed – Fast body movement from one point to another (e.g., sprinting).
Power – Strength + speed (e.g., jumping high, weightlifting).
Reaction Time – Quick response to stimuli (e.g., sprinter reacting to a
gunshot).
Balance – Stability in motion or stillness (e.g., gymnastics, surfing).
PATHFIT 2nd Topic– Movement-Based
Exercise
History of Physical Education in the Philippines
1. Pre-Spanish / Indigenous Period (Before 1521)
-PE was part of daily survival: running, climbing, jumping, swimming,
hunting, and fighting.
-Negritos (Aetas): practiced physical activities for hunting and protection.
-Integrated into culture and rituals:
-Indonesians and Malays: introduced farming, fishing, and ritual dances.
-Dances: Juna Camote and Pina Panilan (daily life representation).
-Cañao Dance: performed to honor gods, heal the sick, and celebrate
victories.
-1212 (Malays): Introduced cockfighting, which became a popular pastime.
Spanish Period (1521–1898)
-PE influenced by colonial culture and religious practices.
Forced labor: Filipinos used physical skills to build churches and
infrastructures.
European dances introduced: fandango, jota, rigodon (enjoyed by elites).
Religious processions & events: Santacruzan combined movement and
celebration.
Games and leisure activities introduced:
-Pabitin, palo sebo, juego de anillo (festivities).
-Sungka, piko, luksong tinik (children’s games).
-Panguingui (card game).
Education side:
-Physical Education not formally in the curriculum.
-Ateneo de Municipal de Manila included gymnastics in its training.
-1893: Gymnastics became a requirement for male teacher certification in
normal schools.
American Period (1898–1941)
-PE was formally included in schools.
-1901: PE officially introduced in the Philippine public school system.
Americans brought Western sports:
Baseball, basketball (first for boys, later briefly for girls in 1910).
Track and field, tennis, swimming.
Note:
1911: Publication of the Athletic Handbook to standardize sports activities.
1920: PE became a required subject in all public schools.
1928: Summer school for coaching and teacher training was established.
Japanese Period (1941–1945)
-Even during WWII, PE continued in schools.
-PE was focused on mass athletics:
-Elementary students were taught basic sports.
-High school students were specialized in volleyball and basketball.
Athletic organizations formed in this era:
1. Regional Athletic Associations.
2. Bureau of Public Schools Interscholastic Athletic Association
organized competitions.
Post-WWII to Modern Period (1946 onwards)
-1947: Establishment of the National College of Physical Education
where it trained teachers and coaches.
-1969: Republic Act No. 5078 Integrated PE, sports, and fitness into the
basic education curriculum.
-Later combined with Music, Arts, and Health (MAPEH) in elementary and
high school.
-PE recognized as essential for holistic development: physical, cognitive, and
socio-emotional growth.
