‫َو َرِّت اْلُق ْر آَن َتْر ِتياًل‬

‫ِل‬
... and recite the Quran (aloud) in a slow,
(pleasant tone and) style.
(Al-Qu’ran, Surah Al Muzzammil 73:4)

My Book of
TAJWEED

AL SIDR PUBLICATION
 Table Of
CONTENTS
0101 Introduction to Tajweed 02

02 Arabic Letters and Vowels 08

02
03 Seeking refuge (Al isti’adhah) 12
03
04 Signs of Stopping 17
04
05 Heavy letters and light letters 19
05
06 Noon Sakinah and Tanween 24
06
07 Rules of Laam Tareef and
33
Laam of the definite article
07
08 Meem saakinah 36
08
09 Rules of Noon mushaddadah and
41
Meem Mushaddadah
09
10 The Qalqalah 43

11 Al Madd 46
01
 CHAPTER
ONE

INTRODUCTION TO TAJWEED
 WHAT
IS THE
QURAN?
SPEECH OF ALLAH
The Quran is the speech of 1
Allah ‫ سبحانه وتعاىل‬and it is
not created. It is in Arabic.
BROUGHT DOWN BY
JIBRIL ‫عليه السالم‬
2 It is the word of Allah conveyed
through the trustworthy angel
Jibril to the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬.
PASSED DOWN
The companions of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
heard from him, recited it, wrote it 3
down, and transmitted it to the
next generation.
BENEFITS
4 Its recitation is worship
(Ibadah).
MEANING
‎Quran comes from the arabic
root letters 5
‫ء‬-‫ر‬-‫ق‬
It Means ‘Read’, ‘Recite’,
‘Something that is read’.
BOOK OF GUIDANCE
6 It Explains:
›Who is Our Creator?
›Why were we created?
›How do we worship Him?
03
 WHAT IS TAJWEED?
The word tajweed means “proficiency” or “doing something
MEANING

well”. When tajweed is applied to the Quran, it means giving

each letter its due rights concerning its characteristics
(‫ )ِص َف ات‬and articulation points (‫ )َم َخاِرج‬and knowing where to
stop correctly.

The purpose of the sciences of the Tajweed is to make the

PURPOSE

reciter proficient in reading the Quran and observe the

correct pronunciations of every letter with correct rulings.
These rulings must be applied to each letter without any
exaggeration or deficiency.

It was narrated from Ya'la bin Mamlak that, he asked

Umm Salamah (‫ )رضى هللا عنها‬about the recitation and prayer of
the Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬and she said: "Why do you want to
know about his prayer?" Then she described his recitation as
being so measured and clear that each letter could be
distinguished.
(An Nasai 1022, Hasan)

The reciter must recite the Quran according to the way

HOW TO RECITE

of our Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, to maintain the similarity with his

recitation.
It is not permissible for any reciter to deliberately
change any letter of the Quran while he can pronounce
it correctly. This is considered a sin.
Those who find it hard must be called upon to try their
best to learn and fix their mistakes.

04
 RULES OF TAJWEED
Rules of tajweed in the Quran were put into place by
the scholars when many non-Arabs became Muslim.
WHY THE RULES

These people were not aware of classical Arabic

which was the language of the Quran.
They started to make mistakes in the recitation of
the Quran, hence tajweed sciences were developed
by the scholars to teach people the correct
recitation of the book of Allah.

One should beautify the voice while reciting the Quran.

HOW TO RECITE

Allah says

‫َأ ْو ِز ْد َع َل ْي ِه َو َر ِّت ِل ٱْل ُق ْر َء اَن َت ْر ِت ياًل‬

"...recite the Quran (aloud) in a slow (pleasant tone and) style.”
(Quran, Surah Al Muzzammil 73:4)

Al-Bara ibn ‘Azib reported:

The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬said,
“Beautify the Quran with your voices.”
(Sunan an-Nasa'i 1015, Sahih)

05
 RULINGS OF TAJWEED
THEORY PRACTICAL

learning the rules applying the rules

of tajweed while
of tajweed
reciting the Quran
(fard kifayah)
(fard ayn)

WHAT IS THE The study of tajweed is important

PURPOSE OF because it safeguards the reciter
LEARNING from making mistakes (‫ )َلْحن‬in the
TAJWEED? recitation.

‫الَلَحن الَجِلي‬ ‫الَلَحن الَخِف ي‬

Major mistakes in Minor mistakes in
recitation recitation

This category of mistake The error is not very

in the recitation is obvious, it’s hidden.
forbidden (‫ )َحَرام‬to
Only the one who studied
commit as it may
tajweed can point it out.
completely change the
meaning of the verses This type of mistake is
being recited disliked (‫ )َم ْك ُروه‬to commit.

06
BENEFITS OF LEARNING

The Quran
with Tajweed
COMPANY OF NOBLE ANGELS
The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬said:
“Verily the one who recites the Qur’an
beautifully, smoothly, and precisely, will
2
TEN REWARDS FOR EACH
be in the company of the noble and LETTER RECITED

1
obedient angels. And as for the one who
recites with difficulty, stammering or The Messenger of Allah ‫ﷺ‬
stumbling through its verses, then “Whoever reads a letter from the
he will have TWICE that reward.” Book of Allah, he will have a
(Sahih Al Bukhari 4937)
reward. And that reward will be
multiplied by ten. I am not
THE BEST OF PEOPLE WILL BE THOSE saying that “Alif, Laam, Meem” is
a letter, rather I am saying that
WHO LEARN THE QURAN

3
“Alif” is a letter, “laam” is a letter
The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬said: and “meem” is a letter.”
(Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2910)
“The best of you are the ones who
learn the Qur’an and teach it to
others”
(Sahih Al Bukhari 5027)

THE QURAN WILL LEAD TO PARADISE

4
The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬said:

5
“The Quran is an intercessor and a truthful prosecutor.
Whoever puts it in front of himself, it will lead him to
Paradise. Whoever throws it behind his back, it will drive
him into the Hellfire.”
(Sahih Ibn Hibban, Jayyid)

QURAN WILL RAISE PEOPLE IN JANNAH

The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬said:
"The one who was devoted to the Qur'an will be told on the Day of Resurrection:
'Recite and ascend (in ranks) as you used to recite when you were in the world. Your
rank will be at the last Ayah you recite."
(At-Tirmidhi 2914)

07
CHAPTER
TWO
ARABIC LETTERS (‫)الُح ُر وف الِه َج اِئَّي ة‬
AND VOWELS (‫)َح َر َك ات‬
 ARABIC ALPHABETS
There are 28 letters in Arabic excluding alif

‫ب ت ث ج ح‬ ‫أ‬

‫ز س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫خ‬

‫ش ص ض ط ظ ع‬

‫م‬ ‫غ ف ق ك ل‬

‫ي‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬

09
 ARABIC VOWELS
They are called harkaat (‫ )َحَرَك ات‬in Arabic
There are 6 vowels in Arabic.
Three short and three long vowels
Three short vowels are

FATHAH KASRAH DAMMAH

‫َف ْت َح ة‬ ‫َك ْس َر ة‬ ‫َض َّم ة‬
The sign of Fathah is The sign of Kasrah is The sign of Dhammah is
placed above the letter placed below the placed above the letter
( ). letter ( ). ( ُ ).
It is similar to the It is similar to the It is similar to the sound
sound of “a” in English. sound of “i”. of “u”.
E.g. ‫ َع‬, ‫ َل‬, ‫َن‬ E.g. ‫ِث‬, ‫ِب‬, ‫ِت‬ E.g. ‫ ُد‬, ‫ ُف‬, ‫ُك‬

THE LETTER WITH A HARAKAH IS CALLED

A MOVING LETTER (‫)َحْر ٌف ُم َت َحِّر ك‬.

SUKOON SHADDAH TANWEEN

‫ُﺳ ُﻜ ﻮﻥ‬ ‫َّش َّد ة‬ ‫َتْن ِو ين‬
Additionally there is a When any letter is The double vowel mark
sign of sukoon when uttered twice one with a is called tanween
there is no harakah on a sukoon and the other (‫)َتْن ِو ين‬.
letter it is represented with a harakah it has the The sound of tanween
by a sign on the top of shaddah (‫ )الَّش َّدة‬sign ends with a sound
the letter )‫ ( ـْــ‬. on it ( ‫ّـ‬.) . of ‫ ن‬in the end.
It means still or rest. This is called mushaddad E.g. ‫ ٌم‬, ‫ ٍق‬, ‫ًب‬
When the letter is not letter (‫)الحرف المشدد‬.
followed by any vowel, This letter is pronounced
it is called a “still letter” with emphasis.
‫َح ْر ٌف َس ْاِك ن‬. Eg. ‫اَّن‬, ‫ اُّي‬, ‫اَّب‬
E.g. ‫ ْم‬, ‫ ْق‬, ‫ْب‬
10
TANWEEN FATAHTAIN KASRATAIN
‫َتْن ِو ين‬ ‫َف َتْح َتْي ن‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫َك ْس َر َت‬
The double vowel mark Double Fathah is called Double Kasrah is called
is called tanween (‫)َتْن ِو ين‬. fatahtain (‫)َف َت ْحَت ْي ن‬. kasratain ( ‫)َك ْس َرَتْي ِن‬
The sound of tanween The sign of double fatahah is The sign of double kasrah is put
ends with a sound of ‫ن‬ put on the top of the letter ‫ًـ‬. below the letter ‫ٍـ‬. It will give
in the end. It will give the sound “an”. the sound of “in”.
E.g. ‫ ٌم‬, ‫ ٍق‬, ‫ًب‬ E.g. ‫ ًر‬, ‫ ًس‬, ‫ًل‬ E.g. ‫ ٍث‬, ‫ ٍع‬, ‫ٍخ‬

DHAMMATAIN
‫َض َّم َتْي ن‬
Double Dhammah is called Dhammatain (‫)َض َّم َت ْي ن‬:
The sign of double dhammah is put on the top of the letter ‫ ٌـ‬.
It will give the sound “un”.
E.g. ‫ ٌف‬, ‫ٌش‬, ‫ٌم‬

LONG VOWELS (‫)َح ُر وف الَم د‬

The long vowels lengthen the sound of short vowels.
There are three letters Alif, Ya, and Wow (‫)ا ى و‬
that function as long vowels (‫الَي اء‬, ‫الَو او‬, ‫)اَألِلف‬.
These are called madd letters.

ALIF YA WOW
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬
elongates the fathah elongates the kasrah elongates the Dhammah
sound to double “aa”. sound to double “ii”. sound to double “uu”.
Long vowel (‫ )ا‬always Long vowel (‫ )ي‬always Long Vowel (‫ )و‬always
comes in combination
comes in combination comes in combination
with the short vowel
with the short vowel with the short vowel
fatahah (-).
E.g. ‫ َم ا‬،‫ َتا‬،‫َبا‬ kasrah (-). dhammah (-).
E.g. ‫ِنى ِبى ِثى‬ E.g. ‫ُك و ُفو ُد و‬

11
 CHAPTER
THREE
‫َذ‬
SEEKING REFUGE ‫اِال ْس ِت َع ا ة‬
(AL ISTI’ADHAH)
 ‫اِال ْس ِت َع اَذ ة‬
MEANS TO SEEK REFUGE IN ALLAH FROM
THE ACCURSED SHAYTAN.

Allah says

‫ي‬ ‫َّر‬
‫ِن ِج ِم‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َط‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫َّش‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫َن‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِهَّلل‬‫ا‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ْذ‬ ‫ِع‬ ‫َت‬ ‫ْس‬‫ا‬ ‫َف‬ ‫َن‬‫آ‬ ‫ْر‬ ‫ُق‬ ‫ْل‬‫ا‬ ‫َت‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫َف ِإ َذ ا َق َر‬
So when you recite the Qur'an, seek refuge with Allah from Shaytan,
the outcast.
(Quran, Surah An Nahl 16:98)

There are different ways of seeking refuge

(Al isti’adhah)

‫َأُع وُذ ِب الَّلِه ِم َن الَّش يَط اِن الَّر ِج يم‬

I seek refuge in Allah from the cursed shaitan

‫َأُع وُذ ِب الَّلِه الَّس ِم يِع اْلَع ِليِم ِم ن الَّش ْي َط اِن الَّر ِج يِم‬
I seek refuge with Allah, the All-Hearing, All-Knowing, from Shaytan the outcast

‫َأُع وُذ ِب اللِه الَّس ِم يِع اْلَع ِليِم ِم ْن الَّش ْي َط اِن الَّر ِج يِم‬
‫ِم ْن َه ْم ِز ِه َو َنْف ِخ ِه َو َنْف ِثِه‬
I seek refuge with Allah, the All-Hearing, All-Knowing, from Shaytan the cursed
one, his suffocation, his arrogance, and his poetry.

13
 It is a Sunnah to seek refuge

1. Before beginning the recitation of the Quran.

2. While reciting the Quran if we stop for some worldly affairs.

Loudly if we are reciting the Quran loudly and silently if we are

reciting the Quran silently.

If the recitation is cut off by sneezing, coughing, or explaining any

rules related to the Quran, then there is no need to repeat the
seeking of refuge (Al isti’adhah).

SAYING AL BASMALAH

‫الَب ْس َم َلة‬
It means to recite,

‫‌ِب سِم ‌ٱلَّلِه ٱلَّر حَٰم ِن ٱلَّر ِح يِم‬

In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful

It is obligatory to recite it at the beginning of every surah,

except surah at-Tawbah as this surah was revealed without
Basmalah.
If you start the recitation of the Quran from the middle of any
surah, you have the choice to say the Basmalah or not.
14
 THE DIFFERENT WAYS TO RECITE,
ISTI’AATHAH AND BASMALAH WITH A SURAH.

There are four ways when one starts reading the Quran.
To say Al isti’adhah, Basmalah and then reciting the
beginning of a Surah:

1. TO JOIN ALL THREE WITHOUT STOPPING ) ‫(َو ْص ُل الَج ِم يِع‬

Isti’aathah – then – Basmalah – then – Beginning of a Surah.

2. TO TAKE BREAKS BETWEEN ALL THREE ) ‫(َق ْطُع الَج ِم يِع‬

Isti’aathah – break – Basmalah – break – Beginning of a Surah.

3. TO SEPARATE THE FIRST, AND JOIN THE SECOND WITH THE

‫َأل‬
THIRD ) ‫ (َق ْطُع ا َّو ِل وَو ْص ُل الَّث اِني ِبالَّث اِلِث‬.
Isti’aathah – break – Basmalah – then – Beginning of a Surah.

4. TO JOIN THE FIRST WITH THE SECOND, AND SEPARATE THE

‫َأل‬
THIRD ) ‫ (َو ْص ُل ا َّو ل ِبالَّث اِني وَق ْطُع الَّث اِلِث‬.

Isti’aathah – then – Basmalah – break – Beginning of a Surah.

15
There are three correct ways of continuing recitation after the end of
one surah and continuing with the next, and there is one incorrect way
Reciting till the end of a Surah, Basmalah, and then reciting the
beginning of a Surah:

1. TO JOIN ALL THREE WITH 2. TO TAKE BREAKS BETWEEN

ONE BREATH ( ‫) َو ْص ُل الَج ي‬ ALL THREE ( ‫) َق ْطُع الَج ي‬
‫ِم ِع‬ ‫ِم ِع‬
End of Surah – End of Surah –
then – break –
Basmalah – Basmalah –
then – break –
beginning of beginning of
the next Surah. the next Surah.

3. TO BREAK THE FIRST, AND 4. THIS WAY IS INCORRECT:

JOIN THE SECOND WITH THE TO JOIN THE FIRST WITH THE
THIRD SECOND, AND BREAK THE
‫َأل‬
) ‫(َق ْطُع ا َّو ِل وَو ْص ُل الَّث اِني ِبالَّث اِلِث‬
THIRD
‫َأل‬
) ‫(َو ْص ُل ا َّو ل ِبالَّث اِني وَق ْطُع الَّث اِلِث‬
End of Surah – End of Surah –
break – then –
Basmalah – Basmalah –
then – break –
beginning of beginning of
the next Surah. the next Surah.

The Scholars of the Qur’an have rejected this for two reasons:

A: Allah ( ‫ ) سبحانه وتعالى‬sent down Basmalah for the beginning of

the Surahs and not for the end.

B: The listener might think that the end of the Surah is Basmalah.
16
CHAPTER
FOUR
SIGNS OF STOPPING
)‫(الَو ْق ف‬
 SIGNS OF STOPPING
The stop can be at the end of the ayah or the middle.
The stop can never be in the middle of the word.

IT IS A COMPULSORY STOP AT THIS SIGN

)‫(الوقف الالزم‬
The reciter has to stop at this sign.
To continue recitation at this sign is prohibited.

IT IS PREFERRED TO STOP AT THIS SIGN

)‫(الوقف أول‬

IT IS PREFERRED TO CONTINUE AT THIS SIGN

)‫(الوصل أول‬

THE RECITER HAS THE CHOICE TO STOP

OR CONTINUE )‫(جواز الوقف‬
‫ج‬
THE RECITER CAN STOP AT EITHER OF THE
POINTS BUT NOT AT BOTH )‫(تعانق الوقف‬
.

‫ال‬
IT IS NOT PERMISSIBLE FOR THE RECITER TO
STOP AT THIS SIGN.
The reciter can do an emergency stop here, but he should return to the
previous word to continue.

IT IS COMPULSORY FOR THE RECITER TO

WITHOUT TAKING A BREATH IN )‫(سكت‬PAUSE
‫س‬
BETWEEN AT THIS SIGN
It comes in six surahs in the Quran. It is compulsory to stop at four surahs
(Yasin 36:52), (Al Kahf 18:1), (Al Qiyamah 75:27), (Al Mutaffifeen 83:14). And allowed
in two surahs (between Al Anfal and At Taubah) and in (Al Haqqah 69:28)

THIS SIGN ‘۩’ INDICATES THAT THERE IS

A SAJDAH TILAWAH HERE.
۩
The sign ‘ ’ explains the reason why we have to do sajdah.
In the Quran, sajdah tilawah occurs 14 times.

18
 CHAPTER
FIVE
HEAVY LETTERS AND LIGHT LETTERS
 TAFKHEEM ( ‫) َتْف ِخ يم‬ It means making a letter thick and heavy.
‫َت‬
TARQEEQ (‫) ـْر قِــيـق‬ It means to make a letter thin and light

The reciter elevates the back part of the tongue to give the letter
a quality of heaviness.
1. Some letters are always heavy.
‫) خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ‬.
They are (
They are collected in a word called ( ‫) خص ضغط قظ‬.
They are also called huroof al istia’laa ( ‫) َح ُروف اِال ْس ِت َع الء‬
2. Some letters are sometimes heavy and sometimes light.
They are )‫ (ا) (ل) (ر‬.
3. The rest of the letters are always light.

‫و‬ ‫‌‌َخ َلۡق َٰن ُك ۡم ‌ٱۡلَع ي ُين ُق وَن الِّص َر اَط ٱْلَم ْغ ُض‬
‫ِب‬ ‫ِظ ِم ِف‬
HEAVY LETTER WORDS

‫َو ُفوِم َه ا ٱْلِك َتٰـَب ٱَّلِذ يَن َذ َّر ٍة ِس ْح ٌر‬

LIGHT LETTERS WORDS

THE LENGTHENED ALIF

)‫(َا َألِلُف اْل َم ِّد َّي ة‬
The lengthened alif ( ‫) َاَألِلُف اْلَم ِّد َّي ة‬
following the heavy letter has tafkheem and it is pronounced heavy.
The lengthened alif following the light letter has tarqeeq and
it is pronounced light.

‫‌َو ٱۡلُف ۡر َق اَن‬ ‫َف َز اَد ُهُم‬

HEAVY LIGHT

20
 THE LETTER LAAM )‫(ل‬
)‫(َح ْر ف الاَل م‬
1 2
The letter laam on the divine The letter laam on the divine
name Allah ( ‫ ) هللا‬has tafkheem if it name Allah ( ‫ ) هللا‬has tafkheem if
is preceded by a fathah and it is it is preceded by a dhammah
pronounced heavy. and it is pronounced heavy.
E.g. (‫)ِإَّن اَهَّلل‬ E.g. (‫)َر ُس وُل هللا‬

3 4
The letter laam on the divine name The letter laam on the divine letter
Allah (‫ ) هللا‬has tafkheem and it is Allah (‫ ) هللا‬has tafkheem and it is
pronounced heavy if the divine name pronounced heavy if the reader begins
Allah (‫ ) هللا‬is preceded by a sakin
with the divine name Allah ( ‫) هللا‬.
letter and before that, there is a
fathah, or a dhammah. E.g. ( ‫)اُهَّلل ُنوُر الَّس َم اَو اِت َو اَأْل ْر ِض‬
E.g. (‫)ِإىَل هللا‬

‫‌َف َز اَد ُهُم ٱلَّلُه‬ ‫َع َل َّل‬

‫ى ال ِه‬ ‫ُيَٰخ ِد ُعوَن ‌ٱلَّلَه‬
HEAVY

The letter laam in the divine The letter laam in the divine name Allah
name Allah (‫ )هللا‬has tarqeeq (‫ )هللا‬has tarqeeq and it is pronounced
and it is pronounced light if it is light if it is preceded by a sakin letter and
preceded by a kasra. the letter before sakin letter has a kasrah.
E.g. (‫)َبِل اُهّٰلل‬ E.g. (‫)َيْه ِدي اُهَّلل‬

‫َّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫َبِل الّٰلُه‬ ‫َيْأِتى ٱلَّلُه‬

‫ِل ِه‬ ‫ِبْس ِم ٱل ِه‬
LIGHT

21
 THE LETTER RAA )‫(ر‬
)‫(حرف الراء‬

1. The letter raa (‫ )ر‬has tafkheem and it is pronounced heavy because of

fathah or dhammah above it or before it.
Four cases are:

A B
The letter raa (‫ )ر‬has a fathah or The letter raa is sakin ( ‫ )ْر‬and there is a
dhammah above it then it has fathah or dhammah above the
tafkheem and it is pronounced previous letter then it has tafkheem
heavy. and it is pronounced heavy.

‫‌َر ْع ٌد ‌ٱلَّد اُر‬ ‫َر َز ْق َٰن ُه ْم‬ ‌ ‫َكَف ُر وْا‬ ‫َو َم ن‌َي ْكُف ْر‬ ‫َء َأنَذ ْر َت ُه ْم ‌ ُبْر َٰه َنُك ْم ‌ ِف ي‌ٱَأۡلْر ِض‬

C D
The letter raa is read sakin due to the The letter raa has tafkheem and it is
stop and the previous letter is sakin pronounced heavy if there is an alif (‫)ا‬
and the letter before that has a fathah or waw(‫ )و‬maddiyyah before the letter
or dhammah. Then it has tafkheem raa(‫)ر‬.
and it is pronounced heavy.

۞ ‫ُخ ْس ٍر‬ ۞ ‫َع ْش ٍر‬ ۞ ‫َو ٱْلَف ْج ِر‬ ‫ٱْلَع ِز يُز ٱْلَغ َّٰف ُر‬ ۞ ‫ٱْلَق َّه اُر‬ ‌۞ ‫ٱْلَغ ُف ْو ُر‬

2. The letter raa has tafkheem and it is pronounced heavy when it is sakin ( ‫)ْر‬
and before it is a Kasrah and after it is a heavy letter that does not carry a
Kasrah.

‫َلِب ٱْلِم ْر َص اِد‬ - ‫ِف ْر َق ٍة‬ - ‫ِق ْر َط اٍس‬

3. The letter raa has tafkheem and it is pronounced heavy when it is sakin ( ‫)ْر‬
and before it is hamzatul wasl ‫همزة الوصل‬

‫ٱْر ُك ْض‬ - ‫ٱْر َت َض ٰى‬

22
 THE LETTER RAA )‫(ر‬
)‫(حرف الراء‬

4. The letter raa (‫ )ر‬has tarqeeq and it is pronounced light,

when it has a kasrah below it or before it.

Four cases are:

A B
The letter raa has tarqeeq and it is The letter raa has tarqeeq and it is
pronounced light when it has a kasrah pronounced light when it is sakin and
below. there is a kasrah in the previous letter.
‫‌ِف ْر َع ْو َن ‌َّنْغ ِف ْر َلُك ْم‬
‫َٰك‬
‫‌ٱْلَٰخ ِس ِر يَن‬ ‫‌ِبٱْل ِف ِر يَن‬ ‫‌َس ِر يُع‬
‫‌ َو ٱْس َت ْغ ِف ْر ‌َف ٱْغ ِف ْر‬

C D
The letter raa has tarqeeq and it is The letter raa has tarqeeq and it is
pronounced light when it is sakin pronounced light when it is sakin
because of stopping and the previous because of stopping, there is yaa
letter is also sakin, and the letter maddiyyah or yaa leen (yaa sakinah)
preceding the sakin letter has a before the raa.
kasrah.
‌۞ ‫َخ ِب يٌر ۞‌ َك ِب يٌر‬
۞ ‫۞ ‌َو ِبْئ ٍر‬‎‫ِف ْك ٍر‬ ۞ ‫‌ِح ْج ٍر‬
۞ ‫َخ ْي ٌر‬ ۞ ‫َح ِس يٌر‬

23
 CHAPTER
SIX
NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN
NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

NOON SAKINAH

A noon without harakah or with a

sukoon above it.
Noon sakinah is a letter
‫‌ ن‬- ‫ْن‬

NOON TANWEEN

A noon sakinah which comes at

the end of nouns.
It is pronounced but not written.
Tanween is a symbol

ً ٍ ٌ
There are 4 rules related to noon sakinah and tanween

IDHHAAR IDGHAAM
‫إظهار‬ ‫ِإْد َغ ام‬
IQLAAB IKHFAA’
‫ِإْق َالب‬ ‫ِإخفاء‬
25
 1. IDHHAAR )‫(إظهار‬
Idhhaar ( ‫ ) إظهار‬means to make clear the sound of noon
in the end of the word when the word ends with
noon sakinah and tanween.
The noon sakinah and the tanween are pronounced
clearly without the Ghunnah.
Idhhaar occurs when the noon sakinah or the tanween
is followed by one of the 6 halaqi letters:

)‫الهمزة (ء) الهاء (‍ه) العين (ع‬

)‫الحاء (ح) الغين (غ) الخاء (خ‬

‫‌َذ َّر ٍة خْي را‬- ‫ ‌ِّم ْن َخ ْلِف ِه ْم‬- ‫ِم ْن ُه‬

‫‌ِم َّم ْن ‌َه َد ْي َن ا‬ ‫‌ِّم ْن ‌َغ ُف ور‬

‫َأ‬
‫‌ُم ْع َت ٍد ِث يٍم‬- ‫ ‌ِّم ْن ‌َح ِم يم‬- ‫‌ِّم ْن ‌َح ِم يم‬

‫ٰى‬
‫ َس ًّي ا‌َع َل‬-
‫ِو‬ ‫‌َأْن َع ْم َت‬

26
 2. IDGHAAM )‫(ِإْد َغ ام‬

Idgham ( ‫ ) إدغام‬means merging of letters.

In Idgham the noon sakinah or the tanween are
merged into the next letter.
Idghaam occurs when the noon sakinah or
the tanween is followed by one
of the following letters:

Noon ( ‫ )ن‬Wow ( ‫ ) و‬Laam ( ‫) ل‬

Meem ( ‫ ) م‬Raa ( ‫ ) ر‬Yaa ( ‫) ي‬

‫ر‬ ‫ي‬

‫م‬ )‫(يرملون‬ ‫ن‬

‫ل‬ ‫و‬

27
 Idgham is of two types

1. IDGHAAM WITH GHUNNAH

This is called incomplete idgham because although

noon is assimilated, the ghunnah sound remains.
The ghunnah sound is always held for two counts in
idgham with ghunnah.
This occurs when noon sakinah or tanween is followed
by these 4 letters

Yaa (‫ ) ي‬Meem ( ‫) م‬
Noon ( ‫) ن‬ Wow (‫) و‬

‫ْث‬ ‫ِّم‬ ‫ِّم‬

‫ ‌ ن‌ ِلِه ۦ‬- ‫َو‬ ‫۟ا‬ ‫ُع‬ ‫ْد‬ ‫َّن‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َن‬ ‫ْف‬
‫ ن‬-‌ ‫ن‌َي ِت ُم‬ ‫َأ‬

‫ ‌ِّم ن‌َّنَف َق ٍة‬- ‫ِم ن َو ِلٍّى َو اَل َنِص يٍر‬

‫ َع َذ اٌب ُم ِه يٌن‬- ‫‌ِع يَش ٍة َراِض َي ٍة‬

‫ ُو ُج وٌه َيْو َم ِئ ٍذ َّن اِع َم ٌة‬- ‫ُت َراًبا َو ِع َٰظ ًم ا‬

‫ُغ َراًبا َي ْب َح ُث‬

28
2. IDGHAAM WITHOUT GHUNNAH

This occurs when noon sakinah or tanween is

followed by these two letters
laam ( ‫ ) ل‬and raa ( ‫) ر‬
This is complete idgham because the
quality of ghunnah is gone along with noon.

‫‌‌ِع يَش ٍة َراِض َي ٍة‬ ‫‌ِّم ن‌َّر ِّبِه ْم‬

‫‌ َلَت ْذ ِكَر ٌة ِلْلُم َّت ِق يَن‬

29
 3. IQLAAB )‫(ِإْق َالب‬

‫ْق‬
Iqlaab ( ‫ ) ِإ َالب‬means alteration.
When noon sakinah or tanween is followed by
the letter baa (‫ )ب‬the sound of noon sakinah and
tanween changes into the sound of the letter meem ( ‫)م‬.

The ghunnah of the letter meem ( ‫ ) م‬remains.

The lips should not be completely closed while doing
the ghunnah so that the sound of meem ( ‫ ) م‬is
less evident.

‫‌َف َم ۢن ‌َبَّد َلُه ۥ‬ ‫‌ِم ۢن ‌َبۡق ِل َه ا‬ ‫ِم ۢن ‌َبۡع ِد‬

‫ٍج‬‫ي‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫َب‬

‫ِۭج‬
‫ۡو‬ ‫َز‬ ‫َم َك اٍن َبِع يٍد‬
‫ُۢة‬
‫‌َبۡغ َۢي ا‌َبۡي َن ُه ۡم‬ ‫َل‬
‫‌َٰو ِلَد ‌ِب َو ِد َه ا‬

‫‌َس ِم يَۢع ا‌َبِص يًر ا‬

30
 4. IKHFAA’ )‫(ِإخفاء‬

Ikhfaa’ ( ‫ ) ِإخفاء‬means hiding or covering.

When one letter is concealed with the other it is ikhfaa.

Noon Sakinah or tanween are pronounced with ikhfaa

when they are followed by fifteen letters that are not
included in idhhaar, idghaam and iqlaab.

Ikhfaa’ occurs when the noon sakinah or

the tanween is followed by the
remaining 15 letter of the alphabets:

)‫(ت) (ث) (ج‬

)‫(د) (ذ) (س) (ش‬

)‫(ص) (ض) (ط) (ظ‬

)‫(ق) (ك‬
31
The noon sakinah and the tanween are concealed behind
the letter after them, while the ghunnah remains.

The tip of the tongue should not touch the articulation

point of noon (the upper part of the mouth where the top
front incisors meet the gum) while doing the ghunnah
otherwise the sound of noon will not be hidden.

The ghunnah is heavy or light depending on the letter

after the noon sakinah or tanween.
If the letter after noon sakinah and tanween is heavy, the
ghunnah is also heavy.

‫‌َأنَد اًد ا‬- ‫ ‌َف َأ نَج ْي َٰن ُه ْم‬- ‫ ‌َّم نُث ورا‬- ‫وَأنُت ْم‬

‫ ‌ِإ ن َش ٓاَء ٱلَّلُه‬- ‫ ‌ِّم ن‌سِّي َٔـاِت ُك ْم‬- ‫‌ِّم ن‌ُذ ِّر َّي ِة‬

‫ ِّم ن ُد وِن ٱلَّلِه‬- ‫ ‌َّم نُض ود‬- ‫ِّم ن‌َص َد َق ٍة‬

‫ ‌ِم ن‌َق ْب ِل ُك ْم‬- ‫ ِم ن ُظ ُه وِر ِه ْم‬- ‌‫َف ٱنَط َلَق ا‬

‫و‬ ‫ُر‬ ‫ِف‬ ‫َك‬ ‫‌َف َم ن‌َك ا ‌ َٰل مًا َق اَل ُك ٍّل‬
‫َن‬ ‫ٰـ‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫َن َس‬

‫‌َو ِر ْز ٌق ‌َك ِر يم‬

32
 CHAPTER
SEVEN
RULES OF LAAM AT-TAREEF
LAAM OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE (‫)ال‬
 RULES OF LAAM AT-TAREEF
)‫(اَل م الَّتْع ِر يف‬
The Laam tareef ( ‫ ) الم التعريف‬is added to the beginning
of the common nouns to make them definite.
Laam tareef ( ‫ ) ال‬if added to common nouns then
the laam in ( ‫ ) ال‬sometimes is pronounced
and sometimes merged.

LAAM QAMARIYAH LAAM SHAMSIYYA

(‫)اَل م َق َم ِر َّية‬ (‫)اَل م َش ْم ِس َّی ة‬
When laam tareef (‫ )ال‬is merged
When laam tareef (‫ )ال‬is read with
with the next letter after it then
Idhhaar (‫ )إظهار‬and pronounced clearly,
idgham occurs and this is called
it is called laam qamariyah.
laam shamsiyah.

Idhhar qamari occurs when Idgham shamsi occurs when the

laam tareef is preceded by laam tareef is preceded by
these 14 letters (‫)حروف‬. the rest of the 14 Arabic letters
(‫)حروف‬.
‫‌اْب ‌َح َّج َك َو َخ ْف َع ِق يَم ُه‬ ‫ُث‬
‫ِغ‬ - ‫(‌ِط ْب ‌ َّم ‌ِص ْل ُرْح ًم ا َتُف ْز ِض ْف َذ ا ِنَع ْم‬
) ‫َدْع ُس وَء َظٍّن ُزْر َش ِر يًف ا ِلْلَك َر ْم‬
)‫أ‬, ‫ﺏ‬, ‫ﺝ‬, ‫ﺡ‬, ‫ﺥ‬, ‫ﻉ‬, ‫ﻍ‬, ‫ﺵ‬, ‫ﺹ‬, ‫ﺽ‬, ‫ﻁ‬, ‫ﻅ‬, ‫ﻝ‬, ‫(ﻥ‬
‫ﻑ‬, ‫ﻕ‬, ‫ﻙ‬, ‫ﻡ‬, ‫ﻭ‬, ‫ﻱ‬, ‫(هـ‬ )‫ﺕ‬, ‫ﺩ‬, ‫ﺫ‬, ‫ﺭ‬, ‫ﺯ‬, ‫ﺱ‬,

Laam shamsiyah is a laam without

In these examples, the laam qamariyah
any sign and shaddah appears in the
is pronounced clearly with idhhar.
letter after it because idgham
Laam qamariyah is a laam with a
(merging) occurs between laam and
sukoon above it.
the next letter.

34
 ‫‪LAAM QAMARIYYAH‬‬
‫(اَل م َق َم ِر َّية)‬

‫‌ٱْلَب ِّي َٰن ِت‬ ‫‌ٱَأْلۡر ِض‬

‫‌ٱْلَٰغ ِل ُب وَن ‌ ‌ٱْلَح ۡم ُد ٱْلَح ِك يِم ‌ٱْلَج ِح يِم‬

‫َو ِن ْع َم ‌ٱْلَو ِك يُل‬ ‫َٰك‬

‫‌ٱْل ِر يَن‬
‫ِف‬

‫ي‬ ‫ِتِح‬ ‫ٱْلَٰخ ِس ُر و ‌ٱْلَٰف‬

‫َن‬ ‫َن‬

‫َر ِّب ‌ٱْلَٰع َلِم يَن َيْو َم ‌ٱْلِق َٰي َم ِة‬

‫و‬ ‫ُض‬ ‫ْغ‬ ‫َم‬ ‫َغ ْي ‌ٱْل‬ ‫ِخ‬ ‫‌ٱْلَي ْو ِم ٱٓأْل‬

‫ِب‬ ‫ِر‬ ‫ِر‬

‫و‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫َع َذ اَب ‌ٱْل‬

‫ِن‬

‫‪35‬‬
 ‫‪LAAM SHAMSIYYA‬‬
‫(اَل م َش ْم ِس َّی ة)‬

‫ُه َو ‌ٱلَّت َّو اُب ِم َن ‌ٱلَّث َم َٰر ِت‬

‫ٱلَّر ِح يُم‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫‌َو ٱلِّذ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫َيْو ِم ‌ٱلِّد‬

‫ِر‬ ‫ِن‬
‫َّٰز‬
‫ِم َن ‌ٱل ِه ِد يَن ِم َن ‌ٱلَّس َم ٓاِء‬

‫ي‬ ‫َّٰص‬‫‌ٱل‬ ‫َو َبِّش‬ ‫َٰه ِذ ِه ‌ٱلَّش َج َر َة‬

‫ِب ِر َن‬ ‫ِر‬

‫َّط‬ ‫ِّل‬ ‫َّض‬ ‫اَل‬

‫ِم َن ‌ٱل ِر‬
‫ْي‬ ‫َن‬‫ي‬ ‫ٓا‬ ‫‌ٱل‬ ‫َو‬
‫َّٰظ‬
‫َأَم َر ‌ٱلَّلُه‬ ‫ِم َن ‌ٱل ِلِم يَن‬

‫َّن‬ ‫َٰو‬ ‫ۡم‬ ‫َأ‬

‫ِل ‌ٱل اِس‬

‫‪35‬‬
CHAPTER
EIGHT
MEEM SAAKAINAH )‫ م‬- ‫(ْم‬
 MEEM SAAKINAH
)‫ م‬- ‫(ۡم‬
It is a letter meem ( ‫ ) حرف الميم‬without harakah and
a sukoon above it while reading it in continuation or
stopping. The meem sakinah can be in the middle
or at the end of the word.

The Meem sakinah has three rules:

IKHFAA SHAFAWI

‫ِإْخ َف اء َش َف ِو ي‬

IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

‫ِإْد َغ ام َش َف ِو ي‬

IDHHAAR SHAFAWI

‫ِإْظَه ار َش َف ِو ي‬

37
 1. IKHFAA SHAFAWI )‫(ِإْخ َف اء َش َف ِو ي‬

When meem sakinah ( ‫ ) ْم‬is followed by the

letter baa ( ‫) ب‬, the sound of the meem is hidden.
The ghunnah of the letter meem ( ‫ ) م‬remains.
The lips should not be completely closed while doing
the ghunnah so that the sound of meem ( ‫ ) م‬is
not fully evident.

Ikhfa shafawi occurs between two words.

This rule is called Ikhfaa shafawi ( ‫ ) إخفاء شفوي‬because
ikhfaa means to hide and shafawi, because meem is
articulated from the lips and lips in Arabic, are called ‫ شفه‬.

‫‌ َء اَت ْي َٰن ُك م‌ِب ُق َّو ٖة ‌َء اَم نُت م‌ِب ِه ۦ‬

‫ُك نُت م ِب ِه ۦ‬ ‫‌َب َن ُه م‌ ٱْلَم ْع ُر وِۗف‬

‫ِب‬ ‫ْي‬
‫ُأ‬
‫َء اَم نُت م‌ِب ٱلَّلِه ‌ ْر ِس م‌ِب ِه ۦ‬
‫ُت‬ ‫ْل‬

‫‌ِم ْن ُه م‌َبْط ًش ا‬

38
 2. IDGHAAM SHAFAWI )‫(ِإْد َغ ام َش َف ِو ي‬

Idgham means merging.

When meem sakinah ( ‫ ) ْم‬is followed by a
‫ُم‬
meem with a harakah ( ‫ ) ( ) َم ( ) م‬in the same word
or the word following it,
then meem sakinah is merged with the
following meem which takes a shaddah.
The ghunnah of the meem will remain.

‫‌ُق ُلو م َّم َرض ‌َأَّن ُه م‌ُّم َٰل ُق وْا‬

‫ِب ِه‬

‫‌ُك نُت م‌ُّم ۡؤ ِم ِن يَن َع َّلَم ُك م َّم ا‬

‫‌َيِع ُد ُك م‌َّم ۡغ ِف َرة ‌َو ُه م‌ُّم ۡع ِر ُض وَن‬

) ‫‌َأنُت م‌ُّم ۡس ِلُم وَن آل ٓم (َأِلْف اَل ْم ِّم يْم‬

39
 )‫ي‬ ‫( ْظَه ار َش َف‬
3. IDHHAAR SHAFAWI ‫ِو‬ ‫ِإ‬

Idhhaar ( ‫ ) إظهار‬means to make clear

When meem sakinah ( ‫ ) ْم‬is followed by any
of the 26 Arabic letters ( ‫ )حروف‬other than
meem ( ‫ )م‬or baa ( ‫ )ب‬then meem is
pronounced clearly.
Note when meem sakinah ( ‫ )ْم‬is followed
by (‌‫ ) و‬or ( ‫ ) ف‬then extra care should be
taken to pronounce the meem.

‫َق ْب ِل ُك ْم ‌َلَع َّلُك ْم ‌َو َلُه ْم ‌ِف يَه ٓا‬

‫‌َلَع َّلُك ْم ‌َت َّت ُق وَن ‌َد اِر ِه ْم ‌َٰج ِثِم يَن‬

‫‌ُق ُلو ْم ‌َز ۡي غ ‌َع َلْي ْم ‌َس ياًل‬

‫ِب‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫ِب ِه‬
‫‌َف ْلَت ُق ْم ‌َط ٓاِئ َف ٌة‬

‫ي‬ ‫ِد‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْم‬ ‫َلُك ْم ِد يُن ُك‬

‫َى ِن‬

40
 CHAPTER
NINE
RULES OF NOON MUSHADDADAH
)‫ (ُن ون ُم َش َّدَد ه‬AND MEEM
MUSHADDADAH )‫(ِم يم ُم َش َّدَد ه‬
 The letters noon or meem that have shaddah
( ‫ ) ّم –ّن‬are called noon mushaddadah and
meem mushaddadah ( ‫) الُّن ون َو الِم يم الُم َش َّد َد َتْي ن‬.

They must be pronounced with the ghunnah sound

that is to be held for a period of two counts.

The ghunnah should also be expressed if the

word ends with noon or meem mushaddad and
the reader stops at it.

Ghunnah is the sound emitted from the nasal passage

without the movement of the tongue.
Two letters noon ( ‫ ) ن‬and ( ‫ )م‬are
the letters of ghunnah.

‫ُأ‬ ‫ُأ‬
‫‌ِّم َّم ا ‌ُث َّم ‌ َّم ًة ‌َف ُأِلِّم ِه ‌َو ُّم ُه ۥ‬

‫‌ِإ ّن َم ا ‌َأَّن َلُه ْم ‌ِإ َّن ٱلَّلَه ‌ِإ َّن ُه ۥ‬

‫ُه‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َج‬ ‫‌َلَت َرُو َّن َه ا َأ‬

‫َّن‬

42
CHAPTER
TEN
THE QALQALAH )‫(اْل َق ْل َق َلة‬
 THE QALQALAH )‫(اْلَق ْلَق َلة‬
Qalqalah means to make an echo sound.
It shakes the sound of the letter without any
corresponding movement of the mouth.
The vibration of the sound like an echo occurs.
There are 5 qalqalah letters.

‫ق‬
‫ط‬ ‫‌ُقْط ‌َج ٍّد‬
‫د‬
‫ِب‬

‫ب‬ ‫ج‬

These letters are grouped together in the phrase

) ‫‌(ُقْطِب ‌َج ٍّد‬for convenience.
Qalaqalah is done to avoid annoyance in
pronouncing these words when they are sakin.
‫ُق‬
If any of the letters from ) ‫ ‌( ْطِب ‌َج ٍّد‬are saakin
(either the letter is saakin because of stopping or the
letter has sukoon), then the reciter should make
qalqalah. This can be done when the qalqalah letter
comes in the middle of the word or at the end.
44
 TYPES OF QALAQALAH

1. QALQALAH SUGHRA:
The sound of qalqalah is subtle when the qalqalah letter
is in the middle of the word or at the end of the word
but we are not stopping at it.

‫ ‌ُتْب ِص ُروَن‬- ‫ ‌َأْج ُرُهْم‬- ‫‌َيْد ُخ ُلوَن‬

‫ ي‌َبْط‬- ‫‌َم ْق ُبوَض ة‬
‫ِنِه‬ ‫ِف‬

2. QALQALAH KUBRA:
The sound of qalqalah is strong when the qalqalah letter
is in the end of the word and we are stopping at it

‫‌ٱْلَح َطب‬ ‫ِع َّز ٍة ‌َو ِش َق اق‬

‫َس ْو َط َع َذ اب‬ ‫‌ٱْلِع َم اد‬ ‫ِّم ن َّم َس د‬

Note: If qalqalah letters have a shaddah at the end of

the word then the sound of qalqalah is the strongest
when stopping at this word.
‫‌َرّب‬ ‫َي ۡو َم ‌ٱْلَح ّج‬ ‫َلُه ُم ‌ٱْلَح ّق‬ ‫َو َت ّب‬

45
CHAPTER
ELEVEN
AL MADD ) ‫(الَم ُّد‬
 AL MADD ) ‫(الَم ُّد‬

Madd means to elongate the sound due

to one of the letters of madd.
The letters of Madd are

‫ي‬,‫و‬,‫ا‬

They are collected in the words

‫َن‬ ‫ُن َح ُأ َن ُأ‬

‫ وِتي ا‬, ‫ وِذ ي ا‬, ‫وِح ي ا‬
‫َأل‬
The 3 types of madd letters ( ‫الَياء‬, ‫الَو او‬, ‫ ) ا ِلف‬in the
Arabic language are defined as follows:

ALIF YAA WAW

SAKINAH SAKINAH SAKINAH

)‫(ا‬ )‫(ى‬ )‫(و‬

preceded by a fathah preceded by a kasrah preceded by a dhammah

( ), as in ( ‫) بَا‬ ( ), as in (‫) ِب ى‬. ( ُ ), as in ( ‫)ُبو‬.

47
 THE ORGINAL NATURAL MADD
)‫(الَم ُّد اَألْص ِل ّي الَّط َب يِع ي‬

The Natual madd is recognized by the absence of a

hamzah ( ‫ ) ء‬before it and a hamzah (‫ ) ء‬and a sukoon
after it. It is called original because it is the origin of
all the mudood. It is called natural because the
person naturally will not increase or decrease its
measure. Its measure is two vowel count (harakaat).

‫‌َٰه َذ ا‬ ‫َو َق اُلوا‬ ‫ُي ْو ُس ُف‬

‫‌ِف ي ُي ْو ِص ْي ُك ُم‬ ‫‌ٱۡل ُم ۡف ِس ُد وَن‬

There are two more madd that follow the same

duration stretch of two vowel counts
as Natural madd.

MADD AL IWAD MADD SILA SUGHRA

( ‫)َم ُّد اْلِع َو ِض‬ (‫)َم د الِص َل ة الُّص ْغ َر ى‬

48
 MADD AL IWAD ) ‫(َم ُّد اْلِع َو ِض‬
The Substitute Madd

When the reciter stops at a letter which ends

with tanween with a fathatain ( ‫) ( ) فتحتين‬,
then tanween is substituted by a Natural madd.
The reciter changes this tanween into a madd.
The madd occurs whether the fathatain is
followed up by an alif or not.

‫ُم َس ًّم ى ُه ًد ى َع ِل يًم ا َح ِك يًم ا‬

‫َغ ُف وًر ا َر ِح يًم ا َم ْس ُط وًر ا‬

Exception: When the word is ending with closed

taa ( ‫ ) ة‬with fathatain.

‫ًة‬ ‫ًة‬
Example: ‫ َر ْح َم‬, ‫ ِنْع َم‬Then you don’t read the
closed taa ( ‫ ) ة ( ) َتاء الَم ْر ُبوَطة‬with a madd.
This letter is read with a sukoon and pronounced
as haa (‫ )ه‬when stopping at it.

49
 MADD SILA SUGHRA )‫(َم د الِص َلة الُّص ْغ َر ى‬
The Lesser Connecting Madd

The word which ends with a haa (‫ هاء ) ه‬is read

with a madd when the reciter continues reading
at this word. This madd is called sila meaning
joining because the madd occurs when the reciter
continues reading.
This haa indicates possessive pronoun of third
party male gender.
The harakah, kasrah ( ), or dhammah ( ُ ) of the
haa is prolonged to two vowel counts (harakaat)
hence the name sughra meaning lesser.
A small waw ( ‫ ) ۥ‬and the small yaa ( ‫) ۦ‬
are written after the haa to indicate the madd.

The three conditions for this madd are:

1. The haa (‫ )ه‬is positioned between the two
mutaharrik letters.
2. It is not followed by a hamzah ( ‫) ء‬.
3. The reciter is not stopping on it.

‫ِإ َّن ُه ۥ ِم ن‬ ‫َه‬ ‫َت‬‫ٱن‬ ‫َف‬ ‫ِإ َّن ُه ۥ ُه َو ِّم ن َّر ِّبِه ۦ‬
‫ٰى‬
‫َو ِإ َّن ُه ۥ ِب ْس ِم الَّلِه‬
50
 ‫َف‬
SECONDARY MADD )‫(اْلَم د اْل َر ِع ي‬

Secondary madd ( ‫ ) اْلَم د اْلَف َر ِع ي‬is a lengthening that

is added to the Madd Asli due to the presence of
hamzah ( ‫ ) ء‬before or after Madd Asli or
a sukoon ( ْ ) after the Madd Asli.
It is indicated by this sign (~) in the Quran.
The length of the madd is increased from
2 vowel counts to 4, 5, or 6 vowel counts
depending on the case.

The two cases are :

1. Madd due to Hamzah

2. Madd due to sukoon or shaddah

51
 MADD DUE TO HAMZAH

A B
When Madd Asli is followed by When Madd Asli is followed by
hamzah in the same word. a hamzah in the next word.
This Madd is a Wajib Madd This is a jaiz madd and
and is prolonged is prolonged to
to 4 to 5 vowels counts 4 to 5 vowel counts.
(harakaat length).

‫َأ‬
‫‌َج ٓاَءُك ْم‬ ‫ِد َم ٓاَءُك ْم ‌َأَض ٓاَءْت‬ ‫‌َق اُلٓو ْا ِإَّنَم ا ‌َف َلَّم ٓا‌ َض ٓاَء‬
‫ُقُرٓو ٍء‬ ‌‫‌َه ِنٓيـًئا َّم ِر ٓيًئا‬ ‫َو ٱۡع َلُم ٓو ْا َأَّن‬
‫َس َو اٌء‬ ‫َأ‬
‫ٱَّلِذ ٓي‌ ْطَع َم ُه م‬

C D
When Madd Sila Sughra is
followed by a hamzah When the madd letter is
in the following word and preceded by a hamzah,
the reciter continues reading. they are prolonged to
This Madd is called
2 vowel counts.
Madd Sila Kubra.

‫َّٰف‬
‫َف َك َر ُتُهٓۥ ْطَع اُم‬ ‫ُأ‬
‫ِإ‬ ‫‌ِإيَٰم ُنُك ْم‬ ‫وُتوا‬
‫ُيَؤ ِّد ٓۦ‌ َلْي َك‬
‫ِه ِإ‬ ‫َت‬ ‫آَد َم‬
‫نَد ُهٓۥ اَّل‬ ‫ِاي اِئ‬
‫ِإ‬ ‫ِع‬

52
 MADD DUE TO SUKOON OR SHADDAH

A When a letter with a shaddah

B
comes after Madd Asli in the same When a letter with a sukoon
word. (Remember shaddah is two comes after Madd Asli in the
letters uttered twice one with a same word. It is prolonged to 6
sukoon and the other with a vowel counts.
harakah). Its measure is 6 vowel
counts.

‫ُهُم ‌ٱلَّض ٓاُّلوَن ‌ٱلَّص ٓاَّخ ُة‬

‌‫‌ٱلَّطٓاَّم ُة ‌ٱۡلَح ٓاَّق ُة‬ ‫َءٓاْلَٰٔـ َن‬

‫َأ‬
‫ُتَح ٓاُّج وَنَن ا‬

C D
When a word ends with a Madd Asli When harf e leen comes at the end of
and the reader stops after that the word (second to the last letter) and
word. It is prolonged to either the reader stops at it. The leen letters
2, 4,or 6 vowel counts when ( ‫ واو‬or ‫ )ياء‬have sukoon and are
stopping. When the reader preceded by a fathah. The sound is
continues reading it is read with
prolonged to 2, 4, or 6 counts.
2 vowel counts as normal Madd Asli.

. ‫َو ُهَو ٱْلَع ِلُّى ٱْلَع ِظ يُم‬ ۗ ‫ُكُّل َنْف ٍس َذ ٓاِئَقُة ٱْلَم ْو ِت‬
. ‫ٱْلَح ْم ُد ِلَّلِه َرِّب ٱْلَع ٰـَلِم يَن‬ ‫َل ُق‬
‫ِإِل ي ٰـِف َر ْي ٍش‬
. ‫ ِلَق ۡو ٍم َيۡع َلُم وَن‬. ‫َو اَل ٱلَّض ٓاِّليَن‬

53
MADD DUE TO SUKOON OR SHADDAH

E
This madd occurs in huroof e muqattat.
The madd is prolonged to 6 harakaat length.

‫‌طٓس ٓم‬ ‫ٓع ٓس ٓق‬

‫ٓن‬ ‫‌ٓك هيٓعٓص‬

The huroof when spelled separately end with a

sukoon after Madd Asli or Madd Leen,
hence they are read with a prolonged Madd.
EXAMPLE ‫ٓع ٓس ٓق‬

The Letter ‫ ع‬is spelled as ‫َع ين‬,

The letter ‫ س‬is spelled as ‫ ِس ين‬, and
The letter ‫ ق‬is spelled as ‫ َق اف‬.

Since these letters end with a madd or leen

they are read with a prolonged madd.

54
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