The mordenist period (early 20th century)
The modernist period is a cultural and literary movement that emerged at the
end of the 19th century and reached its peak in the first decades of the 20th
century, approximately between 1890 and 1945. This period is characterized by
a break with traditional forms and styles, seeking new forms of expression and
representation of reality.
Language: is characterized by the use of modern English. However, writers of
this period innovated and experimented with language.
Society: Society reflects a world in transition towards modernity, with modern
political structures, a society increasingly influenced by technological advances,
growth of cities, defined social classes with greater social mobility compared to
previous times, it also began to question the traditional gender roles giving an
increase to women's rights.
Education: Expansion of education, providing greater access to public and
higher education. Pedagogical Innovation, focused on the student and active
learning. The specializations had greater emphasis on technical and scientific
education.
Culture: It was influenced by a mix of Christianity, which remained an important
though often contested force, scientific advances, existentialist philosophy, and
avant-garde artistic movements. This mix reflected a society in transition,
seeking new ways of understanding and representing reality in a rapidly
changing world.
Values: The values of the modernist period moved away from traditional
conceptions of loyalty, honor, and ideal heroes, focusing on individuality,
subjectivity, innovation, and a more realistic and fragmented view of life.
Literary context: It was influenced by scientific and technological advances,
social and political changes, artistic and philosophical movements, and a
reaction against the traditions of the 19th century.
Characteristics:
-techniques such as flow of consciousness and internal monologues.
-Fragmented narratives
-existential themes
-Exploration of alienation, disillusionment and the search for meaning.
-Reflection on the human condition in a modern and changing world.
Notable Works:
• James Joyce: “Ulysses” (1922), known for his use of stream of
consciousness.
• T.S. Eliot: "The Waste Land" (1922), a poem that reflects the desolation after
the First World War.
• Virginia Woolf: "Mrs. Dalloway" (1925) and "To the Lighthouse" (1927),
deep psychological explorations.
• Franz Kafka: "The Metamorphosis" (1915), known for his surrealist style
and themes of alienation.
• F. Scott Fitzgerald: "The Great Gatsby" (1925), a critique of American
society in the 1920s.
• William Faulkner: "The Sound and the Fury" (1929), known for its complex
narrative structure.
These authors and their works represented the key characteristics of literary
modernism, challenging traditional forms and deeply exploring human
experience and the mind.