高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词

一．非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成
构成
形 式 与谓语动词相对的先后关系 否定 复合结构 特征和作用 举例
主动 被动
to do to be done for 具有 n. adv. adj. Neil Armstrong, the first
to be to have been done sb. to 的作用，在句中做 man ever to set foot on
doing 在 非 do 主、宾、定、表、 the moon, is best
不定式
to have 谓 语 状、和补足语 remembered by his words.
done 前 加
doing being done not 具 有 adv. /adj. 1 The parts of town where
现在 having having been done 的作用，在句中做 they lived were places
分词 done 定、表、宾补和状 decided by white people.
语 。 having 2 the puzzled look on his
分 done been done 不 作 face
词 定语和补语；being 3 Surrounded by green
过去
done 很少作状语。 trees, the lake is very
分词
beautiful.

doing being done sb’s 具有名词的作用，在 1. Ashamed for having

having having been done doing 句中做主、宾和表 acted so rashly, Dimitri
done 语 ； sb 宾 格 apologized to Aleko for
+doing 也常可以 having accused him.
动名词 作宾语。 2. He remembered some
talk about his mother(’s)
having been injured
several days before he had
been born.
二．常见考点总结：
（一）不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别
1. 从时间上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成)；
2. 从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动。如：
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________________ (follow) in a year.
2. __________________ (separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants
and animals not found in any other country in the world.
3. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _________(take) advantage of the
health and relaxation benefits.
（二）不定式作目的，结果（出人意料）和原因状语。
1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _________(get) it completed in time, we’ll work two
more hours a day.”

高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P1/8

2. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____________ (have) a
look at the sports stars.
3. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ___________ (reach) a record US $ 57.65
a barrel on April 4.
4. The hurricane swept across the country, ___________ (leave) a trail of destructions.
5. In the letter-reading program, celebrities read letters from earlier times, ___________ (enable) the
audience to enjoy the charm of the traditional Chinese culture.
6. He hurried to the station only _________(find) that the train had left.
7. He attempted to cover the truth only _____________ (let) it out.
(三) 非谓语动词作宾语补足语：
1. 非 谓 语 用 于 see/watch/notice/find/catch/spot/hear/overhear/listen to/feel 等 感 官 动 词 之 后 ， 或 者 用
于 let/make/have/get/leave/send 等使役动词之后，或者非谓语用于 with/without 复合结构中，充当宾补，与宾语构成相应的逻辑关系（主动
或被动）。
2.（相对谓语动词而言）不定式表将来，现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表完成和被动。
(1) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _________(go) on.
(2) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ___________( explain) often enough.
(3) If she catches me ______________(read) her diary, she will be furious.
(四) 不定式和现在分词的完成式形式
1. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said _________________ (leave) the stage already as
he has become an official.”
2. When I entered the room, he pretended __________________ (read) the book.
3. The manager, ______________(make) it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
注意：不定式和现在分词的完成形式表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，不定式如果与谓语动词同时发生，则需要使用进行形式 to be doing。
如：①be said/reported/supposed/expected to have done/to be doing;
②be glad/surprised to have done/to be doing;
③ seem/appear to have done/to be doing
注意：不定式的复合结构用于形容词 good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, typical , wrong, careless,
impolite, typical, characteristic 等后，如 It is very kind of you to help him every day.
(五) 非谓语动词的省略。不定式的省略可分为 To 的省略和 Do 的省略。
To 的省略：
1. to do 作宾补谓动是主动时, 在感官动词 feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 及使让动词 make,
let, have 后做宾语补足语的不定式前的 to 须省略。如：
I heard them break a glass in the next door.
→变被动：
2. 动词不定式在介词 but, except, besides 后面时，如果介词之前为实义动词 do 的各种形式，则后接不带 to 的不定式，否则带 to，即前有 do,
后无 to。另外在 cannot choose but do ,cannot help but do, cannot but do 中不定式也省略 to。
We could do nothing but wait. We had nothing to do but wait.
We have no choice but to wait. We cannot choose but wait.
We can’t help but fall in love with it. We cannot but admire his courage.
注意：非谓语动词在状语从句省略中的使用：
当主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分有 be 动词时，将从句的主语和 be 省略。
If ______________ (paint) green, the door might look beautiful.
高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P2/8
You can’t be too careful while ______________ (walk) a dog.
The flowers need to be watered regularly if ______________ (survive).
The man we followed stopped, as if ______________(see) whether he was walking in the right direction.
(六) 非谓语动词的主动表被动。
不定式在下列情况下主动表被动：
(1) Difficult as the rumors on micro blog or Weibo are to prevent, the authorities will step up supervision
so that people will not be easily misled.
(2) I find the sofa comfortable to sit in.
(3) Do you have anything to buy/ to be bought?
(4) With much to do, he made an elaborate plan. / There’s much work to do/ to be done.
(5) The attraction is well worth visiting.
(6) need/want/require/deserve doing=to be done
(7) The house is to let/rent. /The car is to hire./ Who is to blame?
（七）非谓语动词在独立结构中的使用：
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系用 -ing 形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed 形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语
不一致时，要在非谓语动词前逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
1. 改错：Not far from the club, there was a garden, whose owner seated in the garden.
2. Time ___________ (permit), we’ll go out camping. = If time _________(permit), we’ll go out camping.
3. The trees are extremely tall, some _______________ (measure) over 90 meters.
= The trees are extremely tall, some of which ___________ over 90 meters.
4. with/without 复合结构:
如：He slept with the light on. He slept with the windows open.
He slept with a book in hand. He slept with his wife ___________(cook) in the kitchen.
He slept with his work half-done. He stayed up with a lot of work __________(do).
Without another word _______________(exchange), they started off.
Without anyone ________________(notice), he slipped through the window.
5. While watching television, ________.
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
6. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ___________ (finish) for the day.
（八）动名词的复合结构
当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上自己的逻辑主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。带有逻辑主语(物主代词/名词所有格
/人称代词宾格/名词通格)的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。其中(物主代词/名词所有格/人称代词宾格/名词通格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动
名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
如：John’s coming here will get us out of trouble./ I don't mind your delaying making the decision as long
as it is not too late.
1. The discovery of new evidence led to ________.
A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught
2. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
3. What worried him most was his ____________________ (not allow) to visit his sick child.
强化练习
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.
高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P3/8
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
are expensive _____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
2. Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating around human
settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.
3. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time
employee—still working 40 hours a week.
4. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans
_________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
5. When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
6. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on
the North Shore under the stars, ___________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
7. You don’t have to run fast or for long __________(see) the benefit.
8. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________(die) early by running.
9. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____________(improve) water
quality.
10. China’s approach to ____________ (protect) its environment while __________(feed) its citizens
offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
11. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he
doesn’t feel __________(challenge).
12. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch.
13. They are required ______________(process) the food that we eat.
14. By ______(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
15. This included digging up the road, _________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the
top.
16. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _________(rest).
17. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _____________(prove) that she
has brains as well as beauty.
18. One study showed that women who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they
were pregnant were more likely __________(have) children with birth defects.
19. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem __________(call) caffeinism.
20. I still remember __________(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I
learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
21. It is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __________(read)
an interesting piece of literature.
22. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you
will tend to use the words ______________(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
23. Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __________(cook) a meal.
24. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, __________(say) that I had a talent.
25. Mr. Bumble stopped for a moment, ___________(amaze) and even rather ____________(frighten) by
this change in Oliver.
26. He rushed to the room with his heart ___________(beat) wildly and his face ___________(flush).
27. With his plan _________(ruin) by the accident, he let out a cry of anger.
高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P4/8
28. Without any hesitation, he packed up his camping gear, ___________(head) straight to the woods.
29. China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________________(recognize) its role in
international affairs.
30. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _____________(exceed) the expected
number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
31. Many Chinese brands, __________________(develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new
challenges from the modern market.
32. Ordinary soap, _________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
33. Everyone in my class spares no efforts on their study, ___________(prepare) for the College Entrance
Examination.
34. We are pleased to see the suggestion ___________(adopt) in many schools to help free students from
the heavy schoolwork.
35. Cell phones are now widely used in our daily lives, ____________(make) it possible for us to talk to
anyone easily.
36. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ___________(raise) people’s
concern over food safety.
37. Researchers claim __________________(find) the first proof that getting a regular eight-hour sleep
every night makes a real difference to our health.
38. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, __________(range) from butterflies to elephants.
39. ___________(taste) terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child.
40. Hearing the news, she rushed out, ________(leave) the book _________(lie) open on the table and
disappeared into the distance.
41. In many homes in the UK, the first person ___________(wake) up has to make tea for the family.
42. I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times, ____________(result) in a suspicious
attitude towards everything and everyone.
43. We will remain ____________(commit) to the path of peaceful development and shoulder more
international responsibilities.
44. The man ______________ (circulate) the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion
was arrested.
45. With the number of homecoming overseas students ___________(shoot) up in recent years, the
attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.
46. The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not ___________(know) whether to believe
what he had said.
47. Young couples will be happy to see their babies ___________(bless) with good health and intelligence
when they are born.
48. ____________(intend) to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public aware of the problem,
the concert had many famous musicians present.
49. We came to the station ___________(run) all the way, only _____________(tell) the train had just left.
50. The children wrote magical stories together, ______________(spin) imaginary worlds of romantic and
military adventure.
51. _______________(expose) to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human
bodies.
高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P5/8
52. When caught __________(cheat) in the exam, he begged for the teacher’s pardon.
53. China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ___________(mark) a major step
in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.
54. ____________(occupy) with all sorts of affairs, the manager had little time to have a good sleep.
55. The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better
____________(hear) in the world.
56. China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System has started providing global services, ____________
(schedule) to become complete around 2020.
57. Guangdong province rolled out new guidelines, ___________(define) offensive nicknames and online
violence as school bullying.
58. In the film, the actor threw himself off the horse as if ___________(shoot) to death.
59. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some __________(have) a life span of around 20 years.
60. Thanks to the “sugar tax”, food factories have reduced sugar in their products, ___________(save)
about 45 million kilograms of sugar.
61. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ___________(break) into small
pieces.
62. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help __________________(persuade) into buying something
they really don’t need.
63. Professor Li, ___________(know) for his informative lecture, was warmly received by the students.
64. The educational reform is now under way throughout the country, ___________(grant) the students
more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.
65. Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______________(mirror) the
fortunes of Cao’s own family.
66. ___________(confuse) at the differences between her culture and theirs, Annie wanted to return home.
67. ___________(warn) of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn’t dare to go out without someone
_________________ (accompany) her.
68. The Lifelong Learning Programme _____________(design) to enable people to take part in learning
experiences has taken off across Europe.
69. Don’ t worry. A number of efforts are being made __________(keep) the whole system operating
normally.
70. Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as ________(list) below.
71. When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt _________(cut) off from the
world.
72. Newly ______________ (appoint) chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, Yao Ming has put
reforming the domestic game’s management at the top of his agenda.
73. The young man, ___________(catch) in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.
74. "What are your names, please?" asked Wilbur, _______________(tremble) with joy.
75. ______________(immerse) in a strong sense of scare, Ronny couldn't utter a single word.
76. ___________ (burn) with curiosity, she ran away from the riverbank and across the field to chase after
the rabbit.
77. He looked at me, _________(bite) his lips, as if ___________(think).
78. I shopped strategically, ____________(look) for every possible way ___________(cut) pennies so I
高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P6/8
could buy groceries and keep the house warm.
79. "Of course, there is a Santa Clause." Grandma said, ________(stroke) my hair with her fingers gently.
80. ______________(experience) so many failures one after another, she finally picked herself up.
81. The girl smiled with her long hair ___________(flow) in the breeze.
82. She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, ____________(rest) her aching feet.
83. ___________(leave) behind with a ____________(sink) heart, Jane ducked down her head, her face
______________(cloud) with a heavy cloud of despair.
84. With disappointment _________________(mount) in her heart, tears of grief began to brim her eyes.
85. He groaned in a faint voice, with his eyes closely ___________(fix) on the gold.
86. He cast his eyes down and stared at his shoes, his face __________(bury) in his hands.
87. The more I got close to the room, the louder the sound of my heart ______________(pound).
88. __________ (let) go of his hand, I crouched down beside him, ______________ (stroke) his head
gently and _______________ (whisper) “It’s Mom’s turn to play. Stay here and I’ll be back soon”.
89. Restlessness ___________(mingle) with excitement, I seated myself on the bench, _____________
(murmur) to myself “You are just going to shine”, and started to play.
90. So ________________(immerse) was I in the playing that I got _____________(carry) away ---
until gasps of surprise drew me back to reality.
II. Translation.
1. I paced back and forth in the room anxiously, ________________________________.
我在房间里焦急地踱来踱去，不知道该怎么办。
2. ____________________________________, I finally decided to call the number on the poster and get
in touch with Chrissy.
在挣扎了很长一段时间后，我终于决定拨打海报上的电话号码，并与克丽丝取得联系。
3. Once home, I placed the necklace in my special spot for special things, _________________________.
一到家，我就把项链放在我特殊的地方，为特殊的东西，陷入沉思。
4. ________________________________, she told me that the necklace was a gift from her mom before
she got sick and she was grateful to me for returning the necklace to her. 她用泪流满面的眼睛看着自己手中的蓝色石头，告
诉我，这条项链是她妈妈生病前送给她的礼物，她很感激我把项链还给了她。
5. ______________________________, Messi began to make up his mind to become a genuine player
before the final. 回到家后，梅西开始决定在决赛前成为一名真正的球员。
6.Thus, he spared no effort to practice kicking the ball, _____________________________________
attentively and painstakingly. 因此，他不遗余力地练习踢球，跟着球跑，再用心而煞费苦心地踢球。
7. ____________________________ he had made for the game, Messi, ________________________,
took a deep breath and stepped into the soccer field.
想到他为比赛所做的努力，梅西准备充分且自信，深吸了一口气，走进了足球场。
8. _________________________, he kept on running as fast as he could, and finally here came the
chance! 他的心狂跳，继续尽可能快地跑，机会终于来了！
9. I felt so embarrassed that I couldn’t do anything but sit there, ________________________________.
我感到很尴尬，我只能坐在那里，保持我的身体不动，抑制住我的眼泪。
10. _____________________, I saw Diane who came up to me ______________________________.
我转过身来，看见黛安，脸上带着温暖的微笑来到我跟前。
11. _____________________, Alan froze, _______________ something was there in the darkness.
高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P7/8
听到一种声音，艾伦僵住了，感觉黑暗中有什么东西。
12. ________________________, Alan made his way to the noise, ______________________________.
艾伦的心疯狂地跳动着，来到声音中，两双腿无法控制地颤抖。
13. The officer, _________________________, offered no comments.
这名警官带着怀疑的表情，没有发表任何评论。
14. So exhausted as they were, the two grandsons stopped, _________________________________.
两个人已经疲惫不堪，孙子停了下来，擦去脸上的汗水。
15. When ___________________________________, I should let them.
当我被嘲笑的时候，我应该让他们去笑。

非谓语动词答案
常见考点总结
一、1.to follow 2. Having been separated 3. taking 二、1. to get 2. to have 3. reaching 4. leaving 5.
enabling 6. to find 7. to let 三、(1) going (2) explained (3) reading 四、1. to have left；2. to be reading; 3.
having made 五、1. They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 注意： painted; walking; to survive; to
see 七、1. whose 改为 its（或 seated 前加 was）2. permitting; permits 3. measuring; measure 4. cooking; to do;
exchanged; noticing 5. C 6. finished 八、D; C; not being allowed
强化练习:
Ⅰ 单句语法填空
1. to perform 2. noting 3. being 4. to retire 5. saying 6. listening 7. to see 8. dying 9. to improve 10.
protecting; feeding 11. looking; challenged 12. to stay 13. to process 14. eating 15. laying 16.
resting 17. to prove 18. to have 19. called 20. visiting 21.reading 22. learnt/ learned
23. to cook 24. saying 25. amazed; frightened 26. beating; flushing 27. ruined 28. heading 29.
recognizing 30. exceeding 31. having developed 32. used 33. preparing 34. adopted 35. making 36. to
raise 37. to have found 38. ranging 39. Tasting 40. leaving; lying 41. to wake 42. resulting 43.
committed 44. circulating 45. shooting 46. knowing 47. blessed 48. Intended 49. running, to be told
50. spinning 51. Being exposed 52. cheating 53. marking 54. Occupied 55. heard 56. scheduled 57.
defining 58. shot 59. having 60. saving 61. to break 62. being persuaded 63. known 64. granting 65.
mirroring 66. Confused 67. Warned; accompanying 68. designed 69. to keep 70. listed 71. cut 72.
appointed 73. caught 74. trembling 75. Immersed 76. Burning 77. biting; thinking 78. looking; to cut
79. stroking 80. Having experienced 81. flowing 82. resting 83. Left; sinking; clouded 84. mounting
85. fixed 86. buried 87. pounding 88. Letting; stroking; whispering 89. mingled; murmuring 90.
immersed; carried
II.翻译
1. not knowing what to do 2. Having struggled for a long time 3. lost in thought 4. Looking at the blue
stone in her hand with her tearful eyes 5. After returning home 6. running after it and kicking it again 7.
Thinking of all the endeavor; fully-prepared and confident 8. Heart beating wildly 9. keeping my body
unmoved and holding back my tears 10. Turning around; with a warm smile on her face 11. Hearing a
noise; feeling 12. Heart beating wildly; with both of his legs trembling uncontrollably 13. wearing a
doubtful look 14. wiping the sweat from their faces 15. being laughed at

高三英语语法专项二 非谓语动词 P8/8