8 Series 859

Instruction Manual
Motor Protection System
Hardware Version: C
Firmware Version: 4.20
Publication Reference: 859-1601-0911-C420-1
Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Chapter Overview 2
1.2 Foreword 3
1.2.1 Target Audience 3
1.2.2 Typographical conventions 3
1.2.3 Nomenclature 4
1.3 Product overview 5
1.4 General description of the 8 Series 6
1.5 Functions and features 8
1.6 Security Overview 11
1.7 Order Codes 13
1.8 Cautions, warnings and notes 15
1.8.1 Safety words and definitions 15
1.8.2 General Cautions and Warnings 15
1.9 Must-read Information 18
1.9.1 Storage 18
1.10 For Further Assistance 19
1.10.1 Repairs 19

Chapter 2 Installation 20
2.1 Chapter Overview 21
2.2 Product Identification 22
2.3 Dimensions 23
2.4 Mounting 24
2.5 Physical considerations of wiring 25
2.5.1 Wire Size 26
2.6 Phase Sequence and Transformer Polarity 27
2.7 Zero-Sequence CT Installation 28
2.8 Voltage Inputs 29
2.9 Backspin Voltage Inputs 30
2.10 RTD sensor connections 31
2.11 Control Power 34
2.12 Contact Inputs 35
2.13 Serial Communications 36
2.14 Remote Display 37
2.15 Typical Wiring Diagram 38

Chapter 3 Interfaces 40
3.1 Chapter Overview 41
3.2 First access 42
3.3 Front panel options 43
3.3.1 Graphical Display Pages 43
3.3.1.1 Working with Graphical Display Pages 43
3.3.1.2 Single Line Diagram 46
3.3.2 Three-pushbutton front panel LEDs 47
3.3.3 Home screen icons 49
3.3.4 Relay Messages 50
3.3.4.1 Target Messages 50
3.3.4.2 Self-test errors 50
3.3.4.3 Out of Service 55
3.3.4.4 Flash Messages 55
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3.3.5 Label Removal 55

3.4 Software Interface 57
3.4.1 EnerVista D&I Setup software 57
3.4.1.1 Hardware & Software Requirements 57
3.4.1.2 Installing EnerVista D&I Setup software 57
3.4.1.3 Upgrading EnerVista D&I Setup software 58
3.4.2 Connecting EnerVista D&I Setup software to the relay 58
3.4.2.1 Using the Quick Connect Feature 58
3.4.2.2 Configuring Ethernet Communications 58
3.4.2.3 Connecting to the Relay 59
3.4.2.4 Configuring USB Address 59
3.4.3 Working with Setpoints 61
3.4.3.1 Engaging a Device 61
3.4.3.2 Entering Setpoints 61
3.4.3.3 Using Setpoint Files 63
3.4.3.4 Downloading and saving Setpoint files 64
3.4.3.5 Adding Setpoint files to the environment 64
3.4.3.6 Creating a new Setpoints file 64
3.4.3.7 Upgrading Setpoint files to a new revision 65
3.4.3.8 Printing Setpoints 65
3.4.3.9 Printing values from a connected device 65
3.4.3.10 Loading Setpoints from a File 66
3.4.3.11 Uninstalling files and clearing data 66
3.4.4 Quick Setup 66
3.4.5 Upgrading relay firmware 66
3.4.5.1 Loading new relay firmware 67
3.4.6 SLD Configurator 68
3.4.6.1 Control Objects 69
3.4.6.2 Status Objects 71
3.4.6.3 Metering Objects 71
3.4.6.4 Device Status Object 72
3.4.6.5 Static Objects 72
3.4.6.6 Front Panel Interaction 72
3.4.7 FlexCurve Editor 74
3.4.8 Transient Recorder (Waveform Capture) 75
3.4.9 Protection Summary 78
3.4.10 FlexLogic Favourites 79
3.4.11 Offline Settings File Conversion 79
3.4.11.1 Converting legacy files 79
3.4.11.2 Conversion Summary Report 79
3.4.11.3 Results Window 80

Chapter 4 Cybersecurity 81
4.1 Overview 82
4.2 The Need for Cybersecurity 83
4.3 Standards 84
4.3.1 NERC Compliance 84
4.3.1.1 CIP 002 85
4.3.1.2 CIP 003 85
4.3.1.3 CIP 004 85
4.3.1.4 CIP 005 85
4.3.1.5 CIP 006 86
4.3.1.6 CIP 007 86
4.3.1.7 CIP 008 86
4.3.1.8 CIP 009 86
4.3.2 IEEE 1686-2013 86
4.3.3 IEC 62351 87

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4.4 Cybersecurity Implementation 92

4.4.1 RBAC Functionality 92
4.4.2 Basic Security Implementation 93
4.4.2.1 Device/Local Authentication 93
4.4.2.2 Four-level Access 93
4.4.2.3 Bypass Access 94
4.4.2.4 Enhanced Password Security 95
4.4.2.5 Disabling Physical and Logical Ports 95
4.4.2.6 Non-Encrypted/Clear Text Modbus 96
4.4.2.7 Security Events 96
4.4.3 Advanced Cybersecurity Implementation 97
4.4.3.1 Permissions Vs Access Matrix/Permission Assignment 97
4.4.3.2 Server/Remote Authentication 98
4.4.3.3 Server/Remote Authentication (RADIUS) 98
4.4.3.4 Server/Remote Authentication (LEGACY LDAP PULL MODEL) 99
4.4.4 Unique Configurable Usernames 102
4.4.5 Secure Encrypted Communication 102
4.4.5.1 ModBus/SSH 102
4.4.5.2 SFTP 102
4.4.6 Syslog 103
4.4.7 Increased Product Hardening 105
4.4.7.1 Additional Features 105
4.4.8 Lost Password 105
4.4.9 Loading Factory Configuration 105
4.4.10 Additional Features 105
4.4.10.1 Lost Password 105
4.4.10.2 Loading Factory Configuration 105
4.5 RBAC User Management Cybersecurity Configuration Tool 106
4.5.1 Cybersecurity Modbus Settings Configuration 106
4.5.1.1 Cybersecurity Non-Modbus Settings Configuration 106
4.5.1.2 User Management Configuration 107
4.5.1.3 Roles Configuration 108
4.5.1.4 Security Settings Configuration 109
4.5.1.5 Syslog Configuration 112

Chapter 5 About Setpoints 113

5.1 Chapter Overview 114
5.2 About Setpoints 115
5.3 Setpoints Entry Methods 116
5.4 Common Setpoints 117
5.5 Logic Diagrams 119

Chapter 6 Device Setpoints 120

6.1 Chapter Overview 121
6.2 Device menu hierarchy 122
6.3 Custom Configuration 123
6.4 Real-time Clock 126
6.4.1 PTP Configuration 126
6.4.2 Clock 128
6.4.3 SNTP Protocol 130
6.5 Communications 131
6.5.1 Modbus Protocol 131
6.5.2 Modbus configurable parameters 131
6.5.3 RS485 134
6.5.4 USB 134
6.5.5 Ethernet Ports 134

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6.5.5.1 Network Settings Menu 135

6.5.6 Routing 136
6.5.7 DNP Protocol settings 139
6.5.8 DNP and IEC104 point lists 141
6.5.9 IEC60870-5-103 144
6.5.10 IEC 103 Point Lists 145
6.5.10.1 Binary Input Points 145
6.5.10.2 Measurands 145
6.5.10.3 Commands 146
6.5.11 IEC 103 Disturbance Recorder 147
6.5.12 GOOSE Subscribe 147
6.5.12.1 Remote Inputs 147
6.5.12.2 Remote Inputs DPS 147
6.5.12.3 GOOSE Analog 148
6.5.13 IEC 61850 MMS 149
6.5.14 TFTP 149
6.5.15 SFTP/SSH 149
6.5.16 SNMP 149
6.5.16.1 SNMP MIB 151
6.5.17 IEC 61850 155
6.5.17.1 IEC61850 Configurator 155
6.6 Transient Recorder 159
6.7 Data Logger 161
6.8 Fault Reports 164
6.9 Event Data 166
6.10 Motor Events 167
6.11 Flex states 168
6.12 Front Panel 169
6.12.1 Programmable LEDs 169
6.12.1.1 LED allocation tables 170
6.12.2 Programmable Pushbuttons 172
6.12.2.1 Ten Pushbutton allocation tables 177
6.12.3 Tab Pushbuttons 177
6.12.4 Annunciator 180
6.12.5 Display Properties 183
6.12.5.1 Support for Cyrillic languages 184
6.12.6 Scratchpad 185
6.12.7 Default Screens 185
6.12.8 Home Screens 186
6.12.9 FlexScreens 187
6.13 Resetting 189
6.14 Installation 190
6.15 Self-Test Monitor 193
6.16 Clear Records 194

Chapter 7 System Setpoints 195

7.1 Chapter Overview 196
7.2 System menu hierarchy 197
7.3 Current Sensing 198
7.4 Voltage sensing 200
7.5 Power Sensing 202
7.6 Power System 203
7.7 Motor setup 207
7.7.1 Variable fequency drives 212
7.7.2 Preset Values 218
7.8 Switching device 219

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7.8.1 Breakers 219

7.8.2 Contactors 221
7.9 FlexCurves 224
7.9.1 FlexCurves OL configuration 226

Chapter 8 Input and Output Setpoints 228

8.1 Chapter Overview 229
8.2 Inputs 230
8.2.1 Contact Inputs 230
8.2.2 Virtual Inputs 232
8.2.3 Remote Inputs 233
8.3 Outputs 234
8.3.1 Output Relays 234
8.3.1.1 Output Relay Availability 236
8.3.1.2 Relay selected for breaker Trip 237
8.3.1.3 Relay selected for breaker close 239
8.3.2 Virtual Outputs 240
8.3.3 Analog Outputs 241

Chapter 9 Protection 244

9.1 Chapter Overview 245
9.2 Protection 246
9.2.1 Motor elements overview 246
9.2.1.1 Thermal Model (49) 246
9.2.1.2 Current Unbalance (46) 269
9.2.1.3 Mechanical Jam (50LR) 275
9.2.1.4 Undercurrent (37) 277
9.2.1.5 Loss of Excitation (40) 280
9.2.1.6 Overload Alarm 284
9.2.1.7 Short Circuit 285
9.2.1.8 Motor Ground Fault (50SG) 288
9.2.1.9 Acceleration Time 292
9.2.1.10 Underpower (37P) 295
9.2.2 2-speed motor elements overview 297
9.2.2.1 2-Speed Thermal Model 297
9.2.2.2 2-Speed Acceleration 299
9.2.2.3 2-Speed Undercurrent 301
9.2.3 Current elements overview 302
9.2.3.1 Inverse Time Overcurrent Curves 303
9.2.3.2 Percent of load-to-trip 315
9.2.3.3 Phase Time Overcurrent Protection (51P) 315
9.2.3.4 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection (50P) 320
9.2.3.5 Phase Directional Overcurrent Protection (67P) 322
9.2.3.6 Neutral Time Overcurrent Protection (51N) 325
9.2.3.7 Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection (50N) 328
9.2.3.8 Neutral Directional Overcurrent Protection (67N) 330
9.2.3.9 Ground Time Overcurrent Protection (51G) 335
9.2.3.10 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection (50G) 339
9.2.3.11 Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Protection (51SG) 340
9.2.3.12 Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection (50SG) 344
9.2.3.13 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection (50_2) 347
9.2.4 Voltage elements overview 349
9.2.4.1 Undervoltage Curves 350
9.2.4.2 Phase Reversal (47) 351
9.2.4.3 Phase Undervoltage Protection (27P) 352
9.2.4.4 Phase Overvoltage Protection (59P) 356

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9.2.4.5 Neutral Overvoltage Protection (59N) 360

9.2.4.6 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection (59_2) 364
9.2.4.7 Volts per Hertz (24) 366
9.2.5 Admittance elements 372
9.2.5.1 Neutral Admittance (21YN) 372
9.2.6 Impedance elements 379
9.2.6.1 Out-of-step (78) 379
9.2.7 Power elements 384
9.2.7.1 Directional Power (32) 384
9.2.7.2 Reactive Power (40Q) 389
9.2.8 Frequency elements 393
9.2.8.1 Frequency Protection Common Setup 393
9.2.8.2 Underfrequency (81U) 394
9.2.8.3 Overfrequency (81O) 397
9.2.8.4 Frequency Rate of Change (81R) 401
9.2.8.5 Fast Underfrequency 404

Chapter 10 Monitoring 408

10.1 Chapter Overview 409
10.2 Monitoring Overview 410
10.3 Breaker monitoring 411
10.3.1 Breakert Monitoring 411
10.3.2 Breaker Arcing Current 412
10.3.3 Breaker Health 414
10.4 Contact Monitoring 419
10.5 Broken Rotor Bar 421
10.6 Electrical Signature Analysis (ESA) 426
10.6.1 ESA procedure 426
10.6.2 ESA applications 431
10.6.3 ESA settings 435
10.7 Stator Inter-turn Fault 441
10.8 Functions 446
10.8.1 Power Factor (55) 446
10.8.2 Demand 450
10.8.2.1 Current Demand 451
10.8.2.2 Real Power Demand 453
10.8.2.3 Reactive Power 455
10.8.2.4 Apparent Power Demand 457
10.8.3 Pulsed Outputs 459
10.8.4 Digital Counters 462
10.8.5 Time of Day Timer 465
10.9 Starter Failure 469
10.10 Harmonic Detection 471
10.11 Power Quality/Voltage Disturbance 474
10.12 Speed 478
10.13 RTD Temperature 482
10.14 RTD Trouble 487
10.15 Loss of Communications 488

Chapter 11 Control 490

11.1 Chapter Overview 491
11.2 Control Overview 492
11.3 Setpoint Group 493
11.4 Motor starting 495
11.4.1 Start Supervision 495

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11.4.1.1 Single Shot Restart 495

11.4.1.2 Thermal Inhibit 496
11.4.1.3 Maximum Starting Rate 499
11.4.1.4 Maximum Hot/Cold Starting Rate 501
11.4.1.5 Time Between Starts 505
11.4.1.6 Restart Delay 506
11.4.1.7 Backspin Detection 507
11.4.2 Autorestart 510
11.4.3 Undervoltage Restart 513
11.4.4 Reduced Voltage Starting 516
11.5 Local Control Mode 521
11.6 Breaker Control 528
11.7 Contactor Control 531
11.8 Virtual Input Control 534
11.9 Trip Bus 535
11.10 Breaker Failure (50BF) 538
11.10.1 Breaker Failure Setup 539
11.10.2 Initiate 542
11.11 VT Fuse Failure (VTFF) 544
11.11.1 VT Fuse Failure settings 544
11.12 Digital Elements 546

Chapter 12 Flexlogic 549

12.1 Chapter Overview 550
12.2 FlexLogic 551
12.2.1 Timers 554
12.2.2 Non-volatile Latches 554
12.2.3 FlexLogic Equation 555
12.2.4 Viewing FlexLogic Graphics 557
12.2.5 FlexElements 558
12.2.5.1 FlexElement settings 559
12.2.5.2 FlexElements - Examples 563

Chapter 13 Testing 567

13.1 Chapter Overview 568
13.2 Testing display hierarchy 569
13.3 Simulation 570
13.3.1 Simulation Setup 570
13.3.2 Simulation Pre-Fault 571
13.3.3 Simulation Fault 572
13.3.4 Simulation Post-Fault 572
13.4 General 574
13.5 Test LEDs 576
13.6 Contact Inputs 577
13.7 Output Relays 578
13.8 GOOSE 579

Chapter 14 Status 580

14.1 Chapter Overview 581
14.2 Summary 582
14.3 Motor status 585
14.4 Breaker status 589
14.5 Information 590
14.6 Communications status 593

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14.6.1 GOOSE 593

14.6.2 Communications Status settings 593
14.7 Other status settings 597

Chapter 15 Metering 602

15.1 Chapter Overview 603
15.2 Metering Overview 604
15.3 Metering Summary 607
15.4 Motor functions 608
15.4.1 Motor Load 608
15.4.2 Speed 609
15.4.3 Broken Rotor Bar 609
15.4.4 Stator Inter-Turn Fault 609
15.4.5 Bearing, Mechanical and Stator Fault 610
15.4.6 Short Circuit 611
15.5 Impedance/admittance 613
15.5.1 Neutral Admittance 613
15.5.2 Positive Sequence impedance 613
15.6 Currents 614
15.7 Neutral IOC 616
15.8 Voltages 617
15.9 Frequency 620
15.9.1 High-speed frequency 621
15.9.2 Fast Underfrequency 621
15.10 Harmonics 622
15.10.1 Harmonic Detection 622
15.11 Power functions 623
15.11.1 Power 623
15.11.2 Power Factor 625
15.11.3 Directional Power 626
15.12 Energy 627
15.12.1 Energy (X) 627
15.12.2 Energy Log 627
15.13 Demand 630
15.13.1 Current Demand 630
15.13.1.1 Current Demand 1(X) 630
15.14 Power Demand 631
15.15 Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure 632
15.16 Resistance Temperature Detectors 633
15.17 Resistance Temperature Detectors 634
15.18 FlexElements 635

Chapter 16 Records 636

16.1 Chapter Overview 637
16.2 Motor records 638
16.2.1 Motor Start Records 638
16.2.2 Motor Start Statistics 638
16.2.3 Learned Data 639
16.3 Events 643
16.3.1 Event Viewer 643
16.4 Transient Records 647
16.5 Fault Reports 648
16.6 Data Logger 650
16.7 Breakers 651

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16.7.1 Breaker Arcing Current 651

16.7.2 Breaker Health 651
16.8 Digital Counters 653
16.9 Remote Modbus Device 654
16.10 Clear Records 657

Chapter 17 Specifications 658

17.1 Device 659
17.1.1 Annunciator panel 659
17.1.2 Custom configurations 659
17.2 Protection elements 660
17.2.1 Thermal model (49) 660
17.2.2 Acceleration time 660
17.2.3 Current unbalance (46) 661
17.2.4 Mechanical jam 661
17.2.5 Loss of excitation (40) 661
17.2.6 Out-of-step (78) 662
17.2.7 Overload alarm 662
17.2.8 Phase reversal (47) 662
17.2.9 Ground fault 663
17.2.10 Short circuit protection 663
17.2.11 Neutral admittance (21YN) 663
17.2.12 Phase directional overcurrent (67P) 664
17.2.13 Neutral directional overcurrent (67N) 664
17.2.14 Sensitive ground instantaneous overcurrent 664
17.2.15 Sensitive ground time overcurrent 665
17.2.16 Negative sequence instantaneous overcurrent 665
17.2.17 Undercurrent 666
17.2.18 Phase overvoltage (59P) 666
17.2.19 Neutral overvoltage (59N) 666
17.2.20 Negative sequence overvoltage (59_2) 667
17.2.21 Phase undervoltage (27P) 667
17.2.22 Overfrequency (81O) 667
17.2.23 Underfrequency (81U) 668
17.2.24 Fast underfrequency 668
17.2.25 Rate of change of frequency (81R) 669
17.2.26 Directional power 669
17.2.27 Reactive power (40Q) 669
17.2.28 Underpower (37P) 670
17.2.29 RTD protection 670
17.3 Control 671
17.3.1 Breaker control 671
17.3.2 Breaker contactor monitoring 671
17.3.3 Breaker failure 671
17.3.4 Local control mode 671
17.3.5 Thermal inhibit 671
17.3.6 Maximum hot or cold start rate 672
17.3.7 Maximum starting rate 672
17.3.8 Restart delay 672
17.3.9 Reduced voltage start 672
17.3.10 Time between starts 672
17.3.11 Backspin protection 672
17.3.12 Undervoltage restart 672
17.3.13 Switch control 673
17.3.14 Trip bus 673

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17.4 Monitoring 674

17.4.1 Breaker arcing current 674
17.4.2 Breaker health 674
17.4.3 Broken rotor bar 674
17.4.4 Demand 674
17.4.5 Electrical signature analysis (ESA) 674
17.4.6 Fault reports 675
17.4.7 Time of day timer 675
17.4.8 Harmonic detection 675
17.4.9 Power factor (55) 675
17.4.10 Speed protection 675
17.4.11 Starter failure 676
17.4.12 Voltage disturbance 676
17.4.13 Voltage Swell 676
17.4.14 Voltage sag 676
17.4.15 Overtorque 676
17.5 Recording 678
17.5.1 Event data 678
17.5.2 Motor start statistics 678
17.5.3 Motor start records 678
17.5.4 Motor learned data 678
17.5.5 Transient recorder 679
17.5.6 Data logger 679
17.5.7 Event recorder 679
17.5.8 Last trip data 679
17.6 User-programmable elements 680
17.6.1 FlexLogic 680
17.6.2 FlexElements 680
17.6.3 FlexStates 680
17.6.4 Non-volatile latches 680
17.6.5 FlexCurves 681
17.6.6 Tab pushbuttons 681
17.6.7 User-programmable LEDs 681
17.6.8 User-programmable pushbuttons 681
17.7 Metering 682
17.7.1 Motor metering values 682
17.7.2 RMS parameters 682
17.7.3 Phasors 683
17.7.4 Frequency 683
17.7.5 Current and voltage harmonics 684
17.8 Inputs 685
17.8.1 AC currents 685
17.8.2 AC voltage 685
17.8.3 BSD inputs 685
17.8.4 Frequency 685
17.8.5 Contact inputs 686
17.8.6 RTD inputs 686
17.9 Outputs 687
17.9.1 Analog outputs 687
17.9.2 Form C output relays 687
17.9.3 Pulsed outputs 688
17.10 Power supply 689
17.10.1 Voltage supplies 689
17.10.2 Power consumption 689
17.10.3 Voltage loss ride through 689
17.10.4 Fuse 689

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17.10.5 Environment awareness model 689

17.11 Communications 691
17.11.1 Ethernet 691
17.11.2 USB 691
17.11.3 USB 691
17.11.4 Serial 691
17.11.5 RS485 692
17.12 Certifications and approvals 693
17.12.1 Approvals 693
17.12.2 Testing and Certification 693
17.13 Environmental 695
17.14 Long-term storage 696

Chapter 18 Maintenance 697

18.1 Chapter Overview 698
18.2 Environmental Health Report 699
18.3 Motor Health Report 701
18.3.1 Event Classification Rules 702
18.4 General Maintenance 703
18.4.1 In-service Maintenance 703
18.4.2 Out-of-service Maintenance 703
18.4.3 Unscheduled Maintenance (System Interruption) 703

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter provides some general information about the technical manual and an introduction to the device(s)
described in this technical manual.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 2
Foreword 3
Product overview 5
General description of the 8 Series 6
Functions and features 8
Security Overview 11
Order Codes 13
Cautions, warnings and notes 15
Must-read Information 18
For Further Assistance 19

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.2 FOREWORD
This technical manual provides a functional and technical description of the relay, as well as a comprehensive set of
instructions for using it. The level at which this manual is written assumes that you are already familiar with
protection engineering and have experience in this discipline. The description of principles and theory is limited to
that which is necessary to understand the product. For further details on general protection engineering theory, we
refer you to the publication, Protection and Automation Application Guide, which is available online.
We have attempted to make this manual as accurate, comprehensive and user-friendly as possible. However we
cannot guarantee that it is free from errors. Nor can we state that it cannot be improved. We would therefore be
very pleased to hear from you if you discover any errors, or have any suggestions for improvement. Our policy is to
provide the information necessary to help you safely specify, engineer, install, commission, maintain, and eventually
dispose of this product. We consider that this manual provides the necessary information, but if you believe that
more details are needed, please contact us.

1.2.1 TARGET AUDIENCE

This manual is aimed towards all professionals charged with installing, commissioning, maintaining,
troubleshooting, or operating any of the products within the specified product range. This includes installation and
commissioning personnel as well as engineers who will be responsible for operating the product.
The level at which this manual is written assumes that installation and commissioning engineers have knowledge of
handling electronic equipment. Also, system and protection engineers have a thorough knowledge of protection
systems and associated equipment.

1.2.2 TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS

The following typographical conventions are used throughout this manual.
● Description of software menu items, buttons, labels or hardware keys and buttons written in bold type and
colored in Vernova dark green.
For example: Select Save from the file menu
● The names for special keys, appear in in upper case bold type and colored in Vernova dark green.
For example: ENTER
● Filenames, paths, code, and text that appears on a command line interface use the courier font
For example: Example\File.text
● Special terminology is written with leading capitals
For example: Line Differential Relay
● If reference is made to the relay's internal settings database on the relay's LCD screen, the menu items are
written in bold italics
For example: SECURITY (on the relay's LCD screen), or Security (in the EnerVista D&I Setup software
software)
● Menu paths are shown with > separators. This applies to both software menu paths and relay menu paths
For example: SETTINGS > SYSTEM SETUP > AC INPUTS (for relay path), or File > Save (for software
path)
● Setting values are written with the courier font and are italicized
For example: Enabled
● Multilin products, use Flexlogic operands. Flexlogic operands are written in dark Vernova green uppercase
courier font
For example: PUSHBUTTON 1 ON
● Sometimes it is beneficial to emphasize some words. Depending on the case in question, this may be done
with bold, italic or upper case font attributes.
● Notes are written in italic in, and are surrounded by a border.
For example:

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

Note:
This is a note

1.2.3 NOMENCLATURE
Due to the technical nature of this manual, many special terms, abbreviations and acronyms are used throughout
the manual. Some of these terms are well-known industry-specific terms while others may be special product-
specific terms used by GE Vernova. The first instance of any acronym or term used in a particular chapter is
explained. In addition, a separate glossary is available on the GE Vernova website.
We would like to highlight the following changes of nomenclature however:
● The word relay and IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) are both used to describe the protection device. The
term IED is associated with the IEC61850 standard, whereas the term relay is the long-used traditional term.
It may also be referred to simply as the device or the product.
● American English and spelling is used throughout this manual.
● The term 'Earth' and American term 'Ground' are equivalent. You may find either used in the manual.

● When depicting a generic instance of a number of items, this manual uses <n> where n can be any integer.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.3 PRODUCT OVERVIEW

The Multilin 859 is a microprocessor-based device intended for the management and primary protection of medium
and large sized induction and synchronous motors. Base relay models provide thermal overload and overcurrent
protection plus a number of current and voltage based backup functions.
The relay features:
● An enhanced thermal model with custom curves, current unbalance biasing, voltage dependent curves and
running and stopped exponential cooling curves. An optional RTD module allowing for the thermal model
RTD bias function.
● Motor start and supervision functions including thermal inhibit, maximum starting rate, time between starts,
restart delay, acceleration time, and emergency restart.
● Basic functions including mechanical jam, current unbalance elements and VFD application support.
● Advanced features including stator differential, sensitive directional power and phase/ neutral directional
elements.
● Additional features for synchronous motor stator and rotor including out-of-step, loss of excitation, power
factor (pull-out) with resynchronization control, complete start sequence control, auto-loading and unloading,
reluctance-torque synchronization, dc exciter regulation (PF based), rotor over-temperature protection,
speed-biased thermal protection, exciter voltage monitoring, and exciter current monitoring.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE 8 SERIES

Each relay provides protection, control, and monitoring functions with both local and remote human interfaces. They
also display the present trip/alarm conditions, and most of the more than 35 measured system parameters.
Recording of past trip, alarm or control events, maximum demand levels, and energy consumption is also
performed.
To meet diverse utility standards and industry requirements, you can program these relays to meet specific
requirements. This flexibility will naturally make a piece of equipment difficult to learn. To aid new users in getting
basic protection operating quickly, setpoints are set to typical default values and advanced features are disabled.
You can reprogram these settings any time.
It is possible for you to program these relays using the front panel keys and display. However, due to the numerous
settings, this manual method can be laborious. To simplify programming and provide a more intuitive interface, you
can enter setpoints with a PC running the EnerVista D&I Setup software. Even with minimal computer knowledge,
this menu-driven software provides easy access to all front panel functions. Actual values and setpoints can be
displayed, altered, stored, and printed. If settings are stored in a setpoint file, they can be downloaded at any time to
the front panel program port of the relay via a computer cable connected to the USB port of any personal computer.

CPU
Relay functions are controlled by two processors: a Freescale MPC5125 32-bit microprocessor that measures all
analog signals and digital inputs and controls all output relays, and a Freescale MPC8358 32-bit microprocessor
that controls all the advanced Ethernet communication protocols.

Analog Input and Waveform Capture

Magnetic transformers are used to scale-down the incoming analog signals from the source instrument
transformers. The analog signals are then passed through a 11.5 kHz low pass analog anti-aliasing filter. All signals
are then simultaneously captured by sample and hold buffers to ensure there are no phase shifts. The signals are
converted to digital values by a 16-bit A/D converter before finally being passed on to the CPU for analysis.
The raw samples are scaled in software, then placed into the waveform capture buffer, thus emulating a fault
recorder. The waveforms can be retrieved from the relay via the software for display and diagnostics.

Frequency
Frequency measurement is accomplished by measuring the time between zero crossings of the composite signal of
three-phase bus voltages, line voltage or three-phase currents. The signals are passed through a low pass filter to
prevent false zero crossings. Frequency tracking utilizes the measured frequency to set the sampling rate for
current and voltage which results in better accuracy for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm for off-
nominal frequencies.
The main frequency tracking source uses three-phase bus voltages. The frequency tracking is switched
automatically by an algorithm to the alternative reference source, i.e., three-phase currents signal or line voltage for
the configuration of tie-breaker, if the frequency detected from the three-phase voltage inputs is declared invalid.
The switching will not be performed if the frequency from the alternative reference signal is detected invalid. Upon
detecting valid frequency on the main source, the tracking will be switched back to the main source. If a stable
frequency signal is not available from all sources, then the tracking frequency defaults to the nominal system
frequency.

Phasors, Transients, and Harmonics

All waveforms are processed eight times every cycle with a DC decaying removal filter and a DFT. The resulting
phasors have fault current transients and all harmonics removed. This results in an overcurrent relay that is
extremely secure and reliable and one that will not overreach.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

Processing of AC Current Inputs

The DC Decaying Removal Filter is a short window digital filter, which removes the DC decaying component from
the asymmetrical current present at the moment a fault occurs. This is done for all current signals used for
overcurrent protection; voltage signals use the same DC Decaying Removal Filter. This filter ensures no overreach
of the overcurrent protection.
The DFT uses exactly one cycle of samples to calculate a phasor quantity which represents the signal at the
fundamental frequency; all harmonic components are removed. All subsequent calculations (e.g. power, etc.) are
based upon the current and voltage phasors, such that the resulting values have no harmonic components. RMS
(root mean square) values are calculated from one cycle of samples prior to filtering.

Protection Elements
All voltage, current and frequency protection elements are processed eight times every cycle to determine if a
pickup has occurred or a timer has expired. The voltage and current protection elements use RMS current/voltage,
or the magnitude of the phasor.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.5 FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES

✲✳✴

❉❢P❣❤ ★✒✧✩✪✧✒✫✏✣✘✑✩✏✑✣✒
❫❩❱❨P◗❨ ❴❱❚❵❨❙ ✦✑✩✑✢✦ ✬✣✘✤✑✣✒✤✘✭

✑✒✤☛
★✵✎✌✶✎✵ ✖✔

✏✥✣✦✧ ✔✱ ✱✕
✦✑✩✒✑ ✔✕☛ ✖✗☛ ✖✗✘ ✖✗✰✔ ✙✑✚✚ ✛✜✢ ✛✜✣ ✛✜✒

✛✯

☛☞✌✍✎ ✏✑ ✖✮★✚ ✖✜☛ ✖✮☛ ✖✮✰✔ ✖✮✥✒ ✯✕☛ ✷✔ ✱✗ ✷✕ ✖✖ ✱✯ ❉●❋ ❉❊❋ ✯✕✘ ✱✮ ✱✮▼ ✕✛ ✔✜◆✘
✷

✭✵❍■❏❑ ✏✑
❉❊▲ ❉●▲
✷✛
✜
✯✯

❖P◗❘❙❚❯❱
❲❳❨❳◗❨❯❩❱ ✱✗✦

✒✑✓

❛❚❳❳❜ ❲❳❝❯◗❳ ✐❥❨❳❡❱P❭

❲❯❦❯❨P❭
❈ ✜✱ ❛❚❳❳❜ ❲❳❝❯◗❳
❬❳❭P❪ ❫❩❱❨P◗❨ ❫❩❱❨P◗❨ ❴❱❚❵❨ ✐❭❳❧❳❱❨
❴❱❚❵❨

❲❯❞❞❳❡❳❱❨❯P❭ ♠♥♦ ❲❯❦❯❨P❭

✛✕ ❫❩❱❨P◗❨ ❴❱❚❵❨
❬❳❭P❪ ❫❩❱❨P◗❨ ✐❭❳❧❳❱❨
❴❱❚❵❨

✸✹✺ ✻✼✽✼✾ ✿✾✼✽❀❁✽❂✼❃ ❄❅❆✽❀❇

✁✂✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 1: Single Line Diagram

ANSI Device Numbers and Functions

ANSI Description ANSI Description
Device Device
12/14 Over Speed Protection/ Under Speed Protection 51G Ground Time Overcurrent
21YN Neutral Admittance 51SG Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent
24 Volts per Hertz 51N Neutral Time Overcurrent
26F Sync. Motor Field Overtemperature 51P Phase Time Overcurrent
27F Sync. Motor Field Undervoltage 52 AC Circuit Breaker
27P Phase Undervoltage 55 Power Factor
27X Auxiliary Undervoltage 56 Sync. Motor Start Sequence Control
32 Directional Power 59F Sync. Motor Field Overvoltage
37 Undercurrent 59N Neutral Overvoltage
37F Sync. Motor Field Undercurrent 59P Phase Overvoltage
37P Underpower 59X Auxiliary Overvoltage
38 Bearing RTD Temperature 59_2 Negative Sequence Overvoltage
40 Loss of Excitation 66 Maximum Starting Rate
40Q Reactive Power 67N Neutral Directional Element
41 DC Field Breaker/Contactor 67P Phase Directional Element
46 Current Unbalance 76F Sync. Motor Field Overcurrent
47 Phase Reversal 78 Out-of-Step Protection
48 Incomplete Sequence 81O Overfrequency
49 Thermal Model 81U Underfrequency
49S Stator RTD Temperature 81R Frequency Rate of Change

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

ANSI Description ANSI Description

Device Device
50BF Breaker Failure 86 Start Inhibit
50G Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 87S Stator Differential
50SG Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent 90F Sync. Motor Power Factor Regulation
50SG/G Ground Fault 95 Reluctance Torque Sync/Resync.
50LR Mechanical Jam 96 Autoloading Relay
50N Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent AFP Arc Flash Protection
50P Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent VTFF Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure
50_2 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent n/a PseudoVoltage

Other Device Functions

Acceleration Time FlexLogic Equations Reduced Voltage Starting
Analog Input Flex States RTD Temperature
Analog Output IEC 61850 Communications Setpoint Groups (6)
Breaker Arcing Current (I2t) Mechanical Jam Short Circuit
Broken Rotor Bar Metering: current, voltage, power, PF, Stator Inter-Turn Fault
energy, frequency, harmonics, THD
Switching Device Control Modbus User Map Time of Day Timer
Breaker Control Motor Health Report Trip Bus (6)
Breaker Health Motor Learned Data Transient Recorder (Oscillography)
Data Logger Motor Start Records Trip and Close Coil Monitoring
Demand Motor Start Statistics User-programmable LEDs
Digital Counters Non-volatile Latches User-programmable Pushbuttons
Event Recorder OPC-UA Communications Virtual Inputs (32)
Fault Report Output Relays Virtual Outputs (32)
Fast underfrequency Overload Alarm Voltage Disturbance
FlexElements Power Quality

859-1601-0911 9
Chapter 1 - Introduction

Targets

Status Summary Setpoints Device

Breakers System

Information Inputs

Switches Outputs

Last Trip Data Protection

Contact Inputs Monitoring

Output Relays Control

Virtual Inputs FlexLogic

Virtual Outputs Testing

Flex States Factory

Communications
Records Events
Device Status
Transients
Clock
Data Logger
PTP Status
Motor Start Records

Metering Summary Motor Start Statistics

Motor Learned Data

Impedance Fault Reports

Admittance Breakers

Currents PwrQuality Events

Voltages Digital Counters

Frequency Remote Modbus Device

Fast Underfrequency Clear Records

Volts per Hertz

Harmonics

Harmonic Detection

Power

Energy

Power Factor

Current Demand

Power Demand

Directional Power

RTDs

RTD Maximums
894502B1
Flex Elements

Figure 2: Main Menu Hierarchy

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.6 SECURITY OVERVIEW

The following security features are available:

BASIC SECURITY
The basic security feature is present in the default offering of the relay. The relay introduces the notion of roles for
different levels of authority. Roles are used as login names with associated passwords stored on the device. The
following roles are available at present: Administrator, Engineer, Operator, Factory and Viewer, with a fixed
permission structure for each one. Note that the Factory role is not available for users, but strictly used in the
manufacturing process.
The relay can still use the SETPOINT ACCESS switch feature, but enabling the feature can be done only by an
Administrator. Setpoint access is controlled by a keyed switch to offer some minimal notion of security.

CYBERSENTRY
The CyberSentry Embedded Security feature is a software option that provides advanced security services. When
the software option is purchased, the Basic Security is automatically disabled.
CyberSentry provides security through the following features:
● An Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)
client that is centrally managed, enables user attribution, and uses secure standards based strong
cryptography for authentication and credential protection.
● A Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) system that provides a permission model that allows access to device
operations and configurations based on specific roles and individual user accounts configured on the AAA
server. At present the defined roles are: Administrator, Engineer, Operator and Viewer.
● Strong encryption of all access and configuration network messages between the EnerVista software and
devices using the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and 128-bit keys in
Galois Counter Mode (GCM) as specified in the U.S. National Security Agency Suite B extension for SSH
and approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FIPS-140-2 standards for
cryptographic systems.
● Security event reporting through the Syslog protocol for supporting Security Information Event Management
(SIEM) systems for centralized cyber security monitoring.
There are two types of authentication supported by CyberSentry that can be used to access the device:
● Device Authentication – in which case the authentication is performed on the device itself, using the
predefined roles as users (No RADIUS involvement).
○ Device authentication using local roles may be done either from the front panel or through EnerVista.
● Server Authentication - in which case the authentication is done on a RADIUS server, using individual user
accounts defined on the server. When the user accounts are created, they are assigned to one of the
predefined roles recognized by the relay.
○ Device authentication using RADIUS server may be done only through EnerVista.

Note:
USB does not currently support CyberSentry security.
EnerVista Viewpoint Monitor does not currently support CyberSentry security.
With the CyberSentry security option, many communication settings cannot be changed remotely. All communication settings
can still be changed through the relay front panel.

When both device and server authentication are enabled, the relay automatically directs authentication requests to
the device or the respective RADIUS server, based on user names. If the user ID credential does not match one of
the device local accounts, the relay automatically forwards the request to a RADIUS server when one is provided. If
a RADIUS server is provided, but is unreachable over the network, server authentication requests are denied. In
this situation, use local device accounts to gain access to the system.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

USER ROLES
User Access Levels are used to grant varying permissions to specific user roles. User roles are used by both Basic
Security and CyberSentry.
The following user roles are supported:
● Administrator: The Administrator role has complete read and write access to all settings and commands.
The role does not allow concurrent access. The Administrator role also has an operand to indicate when it is
logged on.
● Engineer: This role has similar rights to the Administrator role, except that some commands, the security
settings modification and firmware upload are not allowed.
● Operator: The Operator role is present to facilitate operational actions that may be programmed and
assigned to buttons on the front panel. The Operator has read/write access to all settings under the
command menu/section. The Operator can also use the Virtual Input command under the control menu/
section. The Operator can view settings from EnerVista or the front panel but does not have the ability to
change any settings. This role is not a concurrent role.
● Viewer: The Viewer role has read-only access to all 8 Series settings. This role allows concurrent access.
The Viewer is the default role if no authentication has been done to the device. This role can download
settings files and records from the device.
● Factory: This is an internal non-user accessible role used for manufacturing diagnostics. The ability to enable
or disable this role is a security setting that the Administrator controls.

GENERAL RULES FOR USER ROLES WITH CYBERSENTRY

1. The only concurrent role is Observer. If the user is logged in through serial, front panel, or over the network,
that counts as the role being logged in for concurrency reasons.
2. Both EnerVista and the front panel provide a one-step logoff. For the front panel, the root menu has a logoff
command. From EnerVista right-clicking on a device and providing a logoff function from the context menu is
sufficient.
3. The EnerVista Login Screen has User Name: and Password: fields for the default remote (Radius)
authentication, but when a Local Authentication checkbox is selected the User Name: field changes to a
drop down menu where the user can select one of the predefined roles.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.7 ORDER CODES

Support of some of the features are order code dependent. Each relay is ordered with a number of required and
optional modules. Each of these modules can be supplied in a number of configurations specified at the time of
ordering. The information to specify a relay model is provided in the following Order Code table:
ORDER CODE FOR 859 MOTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

B P0 NN NN H N N A N N M B B B B 1 E S N B N 859 Motor Protection System

APPLICATION:
B Basic (369)
A Advanced (869)
PHASE CURRENTS/VOLTAGE
P0 1A/5A three-phase current inputs, 1A/5A ground inputs,
50:0.025A ground inputs , 3 phase voltage inputs
RESERVED
NN None
RESERVED
NN None
POWER SUPPLY:
H 110 to 250 V DC/110 to 230 V AC
L 24 to 48 VDC
RESERVED
N None
RESERVED
N None
INPUTS / OUTPUTS
C 4 Form-C Relays, 6 Digital Inputs, 12 RTDs, 4 Analog Outputs

RESERVED
N None
RESERVED
N None
FACEPLATE
M Basic: Membrane Keypad with 3 Pushbuttons
CURRENT PROTECTION
B Basic: 19, 37, 37P, 38, 46, 49, 50LR, 50G, 66, 86
M Advanced: Basic, 12/14, 50P, 50N, 50_2, 51P, 51N, 51G, 67P,
67N
VOLTAGE MONITORING AND PROTECTION
B Basic: 27P, 47, 59P, 81O, 81U
P Advanced: Basic, 24, 32, 40, 40Q, 55, 59N, 59_2, 78, 81R,
Fast U/F, Neutral Admittance
CONTROL
F Standard: Breaker/Contactor Control, Virtual Inputs, Digital
Elements, FlexLogic, 50BF, Trip Bus

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

ORDER CODE FOR 859 MOTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

T Advanced: Standard, Tab Pushbuttons, Annunciator Panel,

Configurable SLDs with Bay Control, VTFF
MONITORING
B Basic: Motor Health Report, Motor Start Report, Motor
Learned Data, Data Logger, Harmonics, THD, Demand
C Advanced: Basic, Breaker Arcing, Breaker Health Report,
Broken Rotor Bar, Harmonic Detection
E Extended: Advanced ESA Functions, Stator Turn-Turn
COMMUNICATIONS
1 E Basic: Front USB, 3 x Rear RS485, 2 x Ethernet (RJ45),
Modbus RTU/TCP, DNP 3.0, IEC 60870-5-103, SNTP, OPC-
UA, SNMP
3 E Advanced, IEC 61850
COMMUNICATIONS CONNECTOR
C 2 x RJ45
M 2x RJ45, 2 x RS485, 1 x ST Serial Fiber
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:
N None
SECURITY
B Basic
A Advanced: CyberSentry Level 1
FUTURE OPTION
N Not Available

● Harsh Environment Coating is a standard feature on all relays.

● Advanced security is only available with advanced communications (1E, 1P, 3A, 3E). When you select the
advanced communications option, the Ethernet port on the main CPU is disabled.

Note:
Retrofit order codes must be configured using the GE Multilin Online Store (OLS) based on the existing relay order code and
additional requirements. Refer to the GE website and search for the Buy Retrofit Kit for further information.

Other Accessories
● 8S-CABLE-5M - 5-meter (15 foot) RJ-45 Cable (Remote Faceplate Cable)

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.8 CAUTIONS, WARNINGS AND NOTES

Before attempting to install or use the device, review all safety indicators in this document to help prevent injury,
equipment damage, or downtime.

1.8.1 SAFETY WORDS AND DEFINITIONS

The following symbols and formatting are used in this document indicate certain types of information:

Caution:
Refer to equipment documentation. Failure to do so could result in damage to the
equipment

Warning:
Risk of electric shock

Warning:
Risk of damage to eyesight

Note:
Indicates practices not related to personal injury.

1.8.2 GENERAL CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS

The following general safety precautions and warnings apply.

Caution:
Before attempting to use the equipment, it is important that all danger and caution
indicators are reviewed.
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer or functions
abnormally, proceed with caution. Otherwise, the protection provided by the
equipment may be impaired and can result in impaired operation and injury.

Warning:
Hazardous voltages can cause shock, burns or death.

Caution:
Installation/service personnel must be familiar with general device test practices,
electrical awareness and safety precautions must be followed.
Before performing visual inspections, tests, or periodic maintenance on this device
or associated circuits, isolate or disconnect all hazardous live circuits and sources
of electric power.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

Warning:
Failure to shut equipment off prior to removing the power connections could
expose you to dangerous voltages causing injury or death.
Ensure that all connections to the product are correct so as to avoid accidental risk
of shock and/or fire, for example from high voltage connected to low voltage
terminals.

Caution:
Follow the requirements of this manual, including adequate wiring size and type,
terminal torque settings, voltage, current magnitudes applied, and adequate
isolation/clearance in external wiring from high to low voltage circuits.
Use the device only for its intended purpose and application.
Ensure that all ground paths are un-compromised for safety purposes during
device operation and service.
All recommended equipment that should be grounded and must have a reliable and
un-compromised grounding path for safety purposes, protection against
electromagnetic interference and proper device operation.
Equipment grounds should be bonded together and connected to the facility’s
main ground system for primary power.
Keep all ground leads as short as possible.
In addition to the safety precautions mentioned all electrical connections made
must respect the applicable local jurisdiction electrical code.
It is recommended that a field external switch, circuit breaker be connected near
the equipment as a means of power disconnect. The external switch or circuit
breaker is selected in accordance with the power rating.
This product itself is not Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, it can be
used in the computation of site specific Arc Flash analysis when the arc flash
option is ordered. If a new appropriate Hazard Reduction Category code for the
installation is determined, user should follow the cautions mentioned in the arc
flash installation section.
The critical failure relay must be connected to annunciate the status of the device
for ALL applications. This is particularly important for when the Arc Flash option is
ordered.
Ensure that the control power applied to the device, the AC current, and voltage
input match the ratings specified on the relay nameplate. Do not apply current or
voltage in excess of the specified limits.
Only qualified personnel are to operate the device. Such personnel must be
thoroughly familiar with all safety cautions and warnings in this manual and with
applicable country, regional, utility, and plant safety regulations.

Warning:
Hazardous voltages can exist in the power supply and at the device connection to
current transformers, voltage transformers, control, and test circuit terminals. Make
sure all sources of such voltages are isolated prior to attempting work on the
device.
Hazardous voltages can exist when opening the secondary circuits of live current
transformers. Make sure that current transformer secondary circuits are shorted
out before making or removing any connection to the current transformer (CT)
input terminals of the device.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

Caution:
For tests with secondary test equipment, ensure that no other sources of voltages
or currents are connected to such equipment and that trip and close commands to
the circuit breakers or other switching apparatus are isolated, unless this is
required by the test procedure and is specified by appropriate utility/plant
procedure.
When the device is used to control primary equipment, such as circuit breakers,
isolators, and other switching apparatus, all control circuits from the device to the
primary equipment must be isolated while personnel are working on or around this
primary equipment to prevent any inadvertent command from this device.
Use an external disconnect to isolate the mains voltage supply.

Warning:
LED transmitters are classified as IEC 60825-1 Accessible Emission Limit (AEL)
Class 1M. Class 1M devices are considered safe to the unaided eye. Do not view
directly with optical instruments.

Caution:
VDN (Voltage Divider Network module) APPLICATION NOTE: The VDN module must
be installed in an electrical enclosure which is not accessible under normal
working conditions.
The VDN outer mounting frame must not be bonded to any grounded enclosure.
Means of isolation (i.e nylon screws/washers/spacers) shall be used during
installation to avoid any direct bonding to earth ground.

Note:
To ensure the settings file inside the relay is updated, wait 30 seconds after a setpoint change before cycling power.
This product is rated to Class A emissions levels and is to be used in Utility, Substation Industrial environments. Not
to be used near electronic devices rated for Class B levels.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.9 MUST-READ INFORMATION

The following general statements apply and are repeated in the relevant sections of the manual.
● Before upgrading firmware, it is very important to save the current settings to a file on your PC. After the
firmware has been upgraded, it is necessary to load this file back into the device.
● The SNTP and IRIG-B settings take effect after rebooting the relay.
● Commands may be issued freely through other protocols than Modbus (i.e., DNP, IEC 104, and, IEC 61850)
without user authentication or encryption of data taking place, even if the relay has the advanced security
feature enabled.
● Note that the factory role password may not be changed.
● Both DNP and IEC104 protocols can work at the same time, but consider that there is only one point map.
So, both protocols use the same configured points.
● The 52b contact is closed when the breaker is open and open when the breaker is closed.
● The Phase Directional element responds to the forward load current. In the case of a following reverse fault,
the element needs some time – in the order of 8 ms – to change the directional signal. Some protection
elements such as Instantaneous Overcurrent may respond to reverse faults before the directional signal has
changed. A coordination time of at least 10 ms must therefore be added to all the instantaneous protection
elements under the supervision of the Phase Directional element. If current reversal is a concern, a longer
delay – in the order of 20 ms – is needed.
● The same curves used for the time overcurrent elements are used for Neutral Displacement. When using the
curve to determine the operating time of the Neutral Displacement element, substitute the ratio of neutral
voltage to Pickup level for the current ratio shown on the horizontal axis of the curve plot.
● The relay is not approved as, or intended to be, a revenue metering instrument. If used in a peak load control
system, consider the accuracy rating and method of measurement employed, and the source VTs and CTs, in
comparison with the electrical utility revenue metering system.
● In bulk oil circuit breakers, the interrupting time for currents is less than 25% of the interrupting rating and can
be significantly longer than the normal interrupting time.
● For future reference, make a printout of the conversion report immediately after the conversion in case
conversion reports are removed or settings modified from the 8 Series Setup Software.
● To monitor the trip coil circuit integrity, use the relay terminals “FA_1 NO” and “FA_1 COM” to connect the Trip
coil, and provide a jumper between terminals “FA_1 COM” and “FA_1 OPT/V” voltage monitor).
● WiFi and USB do not currently support CyberSentry security. For this reason WiFi is disabled by default if the
CyberSentry option is purchased. WiFi can be enabled, but be aware that doing so violates the security and
compliance model that CyberSentry is supposed to provide.
● In Power factor monitoring, SWITCH-IN and SWITCH-OUT are mutually exclusive settings. (845, 850)

1.9.1 STORAGE
Store the unit indoors in a cool, dry place. If possible, store in the original packaging. Follow the storage
temperature range outlined in the Specifications.
If applicable, use the factory-provided dust caps on all Arc Flash sensor fiber and connectors when not in use, to
avoid dust contamination in the transceiver and sensor plugs.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.10 FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE

For product support, contact us as follows:
GE Vernova
650 Markland Street
Markham, Ontario
Canada L6C 0M1
Worldwide telephone: +1 905 927 7070
Europe/Middle East/Africa telephone: +34 94 485 88 54
North America toll-free: 1 800 547 8629
Fax: +1 905 927 5098
Worldwide e-mail: multilin.tech@ge.com
Europe e-mail: multilin.tech.euro@ge.com
Website: https://www.gevernova.com/grid-solutions

1.10.1 REPAIRS
The firmware and software can be upgraded without return of the device to the factory.
For issues not solved by troubleshooting, the process to return the device to the factory for repair is as follows:
● Contact a GE Grid Solutions Technical Support Center. Contact information is found in the first chapter.
● Obtain a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number from the Technical Support Center.
● Verify that the RMA and Commercial Invoice received have the correct information.
● Tightly pack the unit in a box with bubble wrap, foam material, or styrofoam inserts or packaging peanuts to
cushion the item(s). You may also use double boxing whereby you place the box in a larger box that contains
at least 5 cm of cushioning material.
● Ship the unit by courier or freight forwarder, along with the Commercial Invoice and RMA, to the factory.
● Customers are responsible for shipping costs to the factory, regardless of whether the unit is under warranty.
● Fax a copy of the shipping information to the GE Grid Solutions service department.
Use the detailed return procedure outlined at
https://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/support/ret_proc.htm
The current warranty and return information are outlined at
https://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/warranty.htm

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 CHAPTER 2

INSTALLATION
Chapter 2 - Installation

2.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the mechanical and electrical installation of the relay.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 21
Product Identification 22
Dimensions 23
Mounting 24
Physical considerations of wiring 25
Phase Sequence and Transformer Polarity 27
Zero-Sequence CT Installation 28
Voltage Inputs 29
Backspin Voltage Inputs 30
RTD sensor connections 31
Control Power 34
Contact Inputs 35
Serial Communications 36
Remote Display 37
Typical Wiring Diagram 38

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.2 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

The product identification label is located on the side panel of the relay. This label indicates the product model,
serial number, and date of manufacture. The following figure shows an example of such a label.

Note:
This example label is specific to a particular order of the 850 and may not represent your model.

Figure 3: Product label example

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.3 DIMENSIONS
✗✏✗✘ ✚✏✕✗ ✜✏✜✚
✎✏✑✒ ✓✗✜✎✛✕✖
✓✔✑✕✖ ✓✔✙✖ ✓✎✙✛✗✖

✗✗✏✜✒
✓✔✙✜✛✘✖ ✗✑✏✔✚
✓✔✕✙✏✙✖

✝✞✟✠✡☎✠☛ ☞✟ ✌✂✍✁ ✎✜✘✒✑✑✂✗✏✢✣✤

✌ ✞✠✡ ✄☎✁✆ ✁✂ ✄☎✁✆
The relay dimensions are shown below. Additional dimensions for mounting, and panel cutouts, are shown in the
following sections.
Figure 4: Relay Dimensions

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.4 MOUNTING
The relay can be mounted two ways: standard panel mount or optional tab mounting, if required.
● Standard panel mounting: From the front of the panel, slide the empty case into the cutout. From the rear of
the panel, screw the case into the panel at the 8 screw positions.

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.5 PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF WIRING

When installing two lugs on one terminal, both lugs must be oriented as shown in the picture below. This is to
ensure the adjacent lower terminal block does not interfere with the lug body.

❙ ✁✂❲
❲❆❙✄✂✁
✶ ✷ ✸

▲❖☎✆✝
❚✆✝✞✟✠✡▲
❚✆✝✞✟✠✡▲
❇▲❖☞✌
❉✟☛✟❉✆✝

Figure 5: Positioning the lugs correctly

Figure 6: Correct Installation Method

Figure 7: INCORRECT INSTALLATION METHOD (lower lug reversed)

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.5.1 WIRE SIZE

Use the following guideline for wiring to terminal strips A, B, C, D, F, G, H:
● 12 AWG to 24 AWG
● Suggested wiring screw tightening torque: 4.5 in-lbs (0.5 N-m)
● Usage of ferrules or pin terminals is recommended
● Suggested wire stripping / pin contact length:
○ Right-angle connection type plug: 7 to 8 mm
○ Front connection type plug: 12 mm

Use the following guideline for wiring to terminal blocks J, K:

● 12 AWG to 22 AWG (3.3 mm2 to 0.3 mm2): Single wire termination with/without 9.53 mm (0.375”) maximum
diameter ring terminals.
● 14 AWG to 22 AWG (2.1 mm2 to 0.3 mm2): Multiple wire termination with 9.53 mm (0.375”) maximum
diameter ring terminals. Two ring terminals maximum per circuit.
● Suggested wiring screw tightening torque: 15 in-lb (1.7 N-m)
● Suggested mounting screw tightening torque (to attach terminal block to chassis): 8 in-lb (0.9 N-m)

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.6 PHASE SEQUENCE AND TRANSFORMER POLARITY

For correct operation of the relay features, follow the instrument transformer polarities, shown in the wiring
diagrams. Note the solid square markings that are shown with all instrument transformer connections. When the
connections adhere to the drawing, the arrow shows the direction of power flow for positive watts and the positive
direction of lagging vars. The phase sequence is user programmable for either ABC or ACB rotation.
Depending on order code, the relay can have up to four (4) current inputs in each J slot and K slot. Three of them
are used for connecting to the phase CT phases A, B, and C. The fourth input is a ground input that can be
connected to either a ground CT placed on the neutral from a Wye connected transformer winding, or to a donut
type CT measuring the zero sequence current from a grounded system. The relay CTs are placed in a packet
mounted to the chassis of the relay. There are no internal ground connections on the current inputs. Current
transformers with 1 to 12000 A primaries may be used.

Caution:
Verify that the relay’s nominal input current of 1 A or 5 A matches the secondary
rating of the connected CTs. Unmatched CTs may result in equipment damage or
inadequate protection.

Caution:
IMPORTANT: The phase and ground current inputs correctly measure up to 46
times the current input’s nominal rating. Time overcurrent curves become
horizontal lines for currents above 20 × PKP.

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.7 ZERO-SEQUENCE CT INSTALLATION

The figure below shows the various CT connections and the exact placement of a Zero Sequence current CT, so
that ground fault current can be detected. Twisted pair cabling on the Zero Sequence CT is recommended.

❯✌✍✎✏✑✒✓✑✓ ✔✕✖✒✑ ✍✎✏✑✒✓✑✓ ✔✕✖✒✑

● ♦✁✂✄ ☎♦✂✂✆☎✝✞♦✂ ✝♦ ✂✆✁✝ ✟✠

✹✝ ✆✡✡ ☎♦✂✆
♠✁✡✝ ☛✆ ♦✂ ✝☞✆ ✡♦✁ ☎✆ ✡✞✄✆
❙✛✜✢❝✣ ❙✛✜✢❝✣ ✡☞✞✆✠✄✡
❆ ❇ ❈ ◆ ✘ ✧ ✩ ✪

● ♦✁✂✄
♦✁✝✡✞✄✆ ✙✚

❚✫ ✬✭✫✮✯✰✱
✲✮✳✴ ✵✶ ✫✯
▲❖❆✗
❧✫✷✰ ✳✸✰✶

✾✾✤✤✥✦✧★
▲❖❆✗

Figure 8: Zero Sequence (Core Balance) CT Installation

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.8 VOLTAGE INPUTS

The relays have three channels for AC voltage inputs, each with an isolating transformer. Voltage transformers up to
a maximum 5000:1 ratio may be used. The nominal secondary voltage must be in the 10 to 240 V range.
The relay supports wye and delta (or open delta) VT connections. The typical open delta VT wiring diagram is
shown in the following figure: Open Delta VT Connections. The typical wye VT wiring diagram is shown in the wiring
diagram.
★✩✪✫✬✭✩✮✯ ✮✰ ✱✮✲✫✪ ✰✳✮✲ ✰✮✪ ✱✮✴✩✭✩✵✫ ✲✶✭✭✴
✾✍✏✍✿
✱✮✴✩✭✩✵✫ ★✩✪✫✬✭✩✮✯ ✮✰ ✳✶✷✷✩✯✷ ✵✶✪✴

✘✸✔✏✚✹✔✕✒ ✙✓✌✔✚✓ ✺✻✼✽

✛✜✢✣✤ ✥

✛✜✢✣✤ ✦

✛✜✢✣✤ ✧

✍✖✓✕ ✙✓✎✏✑ ✌✏
✚✍✕✕✓✚✏✔✍✕

❄❅❆ ❄❅❇ ❄❅❈ ❄❅❉ ❄❅❊ ❄❄❅

❀☎ ❀❁ ❀❂ ❀❁ ❀❃ ❀❁

✌✍✎✏✑✒✓ ✔✕✖✗✏✘

✡☛☞

✁✂✂✄✂☎✆✝✞✟✠

Figure 9: Delta VT Connections

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.9 BACKSPIN VOLTAGE INPUTS

The Backspin voltage input is required to run the backspin detection feature. This input allows the 859 to sense
whether the motor is spinning after the primary power has been removed (breaker or contactor opened). These
inputs must be supplied by a separate VT mounted downstream (motor side) of the breaker or contactor. The
correct wiring is illustrated below.

✂
☎ ✱✲ ✳
✄
✚✛✜✢✣✤✥✛✦✧✛✢✛★✩✪✫✰✥ ✛★ ✰✦
✛✬✭★✥✣✮✥★✧✣✯✭✥

✁ ✎
✆ ✝
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌✍ ✏✑✒✒✓✔✕✓✖✗✘✙
Figure 10: Backspin Detection

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.10 RTD SENSOR CONNECTIONS

The relay monitors up to 12 or 13 RTD inputs (depending on model) for Stator, Bearing, Ambient, or other
temperature monitoring. The type of each RTD is field programmable as 100 ohms Platinum, 100 ohms Nickel, 120
ohms Nickel, or 10 ohms Copper. RTDs must be three wire type. Every two RTDs shares a common return. The
RTD circuitry compensates for lead resistance, provided that each of the three leads is the same length. Lead
resistance should not exceed 25 ohms per lead for platinum/nickel RTDs or 3 ohms per lead for copper RTDs.
Shielded cable should be used to prevent noise pickup in the industrial environment. RTD cables should be kept
close to grounded metal casings and away from areas of high electromagnetic or radio interference. RTD leads
should not be run adjacent to or in the same conduit as high current carrying wires. See the typical wiring diagram
for further details.
The relay requires three leads to be brought back from each RTD: Hot, Return and Compensation. In case when it
is not possible to connect or bring all three RTD leads to the relay terminals, it is possible to reduce the number of
leads required to 3 for the first RTD and 1 for each successive RTD. Refer to the figure below for wiring
configuration for this application

✵✶✷✶✸ ✹✶✺✷✸✶✻
✱✲✳ ❃❄❅❄❆
✼✽✸✾✿✺❀✻ ❁✶❂

✧✛
☛☞✌ ✛ ❈
✜ ✧✢
✍☞✎✏✑✒✓✔✌✕☞✒ ✖✗✘❇

✢ ✧✜
✖✗✘ ✖✑✌✙✚✒ ❉
✴✛ ✴✜
❉
✧★
✍☞✎✏✑✒✓✔✌✕☞✒ ✣ ✖✗✘❊
✧✤
☛☞✌ ✤ ❈
✴✢ ✧✩ ✴★
☛☞✌ ✥ ❈
✧✣
✍☞✎✏✑✒✓✔✌✕☞✒ ✛✛ ✖✗✘❋

✖✗✘ ✖✑✌✙✚✒ ✛✦ ✪✫ ✬✫✭✭✮✬✯✰✫✭ ❉

✁✂✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡
Figure 11: Reduced Wiring RTDs

The Hot line would have to be run as usual for each RTD. The Compensation and Return leads, however, need only
be run for the first RTD. At the motor RTD terminal box, the RTD
Return leads must be connected together with jumpers that are as short as possible. The Compensation leads must
be connected together with jumpers at the relay. Note that an error is produced on each RTD equal to the voltage
drop across the jumper on the RTD return. This error increases with each successive RTD added.
VRTD1 = VRTD1
VRTD2 = VRTD2 + VJ3
VRTD3 = VRTD3 + VJ3 + VJ4, etc.

859-1601-0911 31
Chapter 2 - Installation

This error is directly dependent on the length and gauge of the wire used for the jumpers and any error introduced
by a poor connection. For RTD types other than 10 ohm Copper, the error introduced by the jumpers is negligible.
Although this RTD wiring technique reduces the cost of wiring, the following disadvantages must be noted:
1. There will be an error in temperature readings due to lead and connection resistances. This technique is NOT
recommended for 10 ohm Copper RTDs.
2. If the RTD Return lead or any of the jumpers break, all RTDs from the point of the break will read open.
3. If the Compensation lead or any of the jumpers break, all RTDs from the point of the break will function
without any lead compensation.

Two-Wire RTD Lead Compensation

An example of how to add lead compensation to a two wire RTD may is shown in the figure below.

✍✎✏✎✑ ✒✎✓✏✑✎✔
☛☞✌ ✜✢✣✢✤
✕✖✑✗✘✓✙✔ ✚✎✛

✸✵ ✿❀❁
✥✦✧ ✵ ❃
✸✷ ✹✺✻✼✽
★✦✩✪✫✬✭✮✧✯✦✬ ✶ ✰✱✲✾
✸✶ ✿❀❂
✰✱✲ ✰✫✧✳✴✬ ✷ ❄

✁✂✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡
Figure 12: Two-Wire RTD Lead Compensation

The compensation lead L2 is added to compensate for Hot (L1) and Return (L3), assuming they are all of equal
length and gauge. To compensate for leads RL1 and RL2, a resistor equal to the resistance of RL1 or RL2 could be
added to the compensation lead, though in many cases this is unnecessary.

RTD Grounding
Grounding of one lead of the RTDs is done at either the 869 or at the motor. Grounding should not be done in both
places as it could cause a circulating current. Only RTD Return leads may be grounded. When grounding at the
relay only one Return lead need be grounded as they are hard-wired together internally. No error is introduced into
the RTD reading by grounding in this manner.
If the RTD Return leads are tied together and grounded at the motor, only one RTD Return lead can be run back to
the relay. Running more than one RTD Return lead to the relay causes significant errors as two or more parallel
paths for the return current have been created. Use of this wiring scheme causes errors in readings equivalent to
that in the Reduced RTD Lead Number application described earlier.
Figure 13:

859-1601-0911 32
Chapter 2 - Installation

✍✎✏✎✑ ✒✎✓✏✑✎✔
☛☞✌ ✜✢✣✢✤
✕✖✑✗✘✓✙✔ ✚✎✛

✸✵
✥✦✧ ✵ ❇
✶ ✸✶
★✦✩✪✫✬✭✮✧✯✦✬ ✰✱✲❆

✷ ✸✷
✰✱✲ ✰✫✧✳✴✬ ❈
❋✵
❈
✸✽
★✦✩✪✫✬✭✮✧✯✦✬ ✹ ✰✱✲❉
✸✺
✥✦✧ ✺ ❇
✸✹ ❋✶
✥✦✧ ✻ ❇
✸✾
★✦✩✪✫✬✭✮✧✯✦✬ ✵✼ ✰✱✲❊

✰✱✲ ✰✫✧✳✴✬ ✵✵ ✿❀ ❁❀❂❂❃❁❄❅❀❂ ❈

✁✂✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡
Figure 14: RTD Alternate Grounding

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.11 CONTROL POWER

Control power is supplied to the relay such that it matches the relay’s installed power supply range.

Caution:
Control power supplied to the relay must match the installed power supply range. If
the applied voltage does not match, damage to the unit may occur. All grounds
MUST be connected for normal operation regardless of control power supply type.

For more details, please refer to the power supply section.

Caution:
The relay should be connected directly to the ground bus, using the shortest
practical path. A tinned copper, braided, shielding and bonding cable should be
used. As a minimum, 96 strands of number 34 AWG should be used. Belden catalog
number 8660 is suitable.

✁✂✄☎✆
✝✄✞

✵ ✴ ✥✦✧★✩✪ ✫✪✬✭✮✯ ✚✛✤ ✖

✱✴ ✸ ✧✦✮✩ ✹ ✑✒✓✔✕✒✖
✳✲ ✷ ✚✛✣ ✗✒✘✙✕
✱✰ ✶ ✱ ✮✩✭★✪✺✧ ✻ ✚✛✢
✼✺✥✩★✽ ✫✪✬✭✮✯ ✚✛✜ ✓

✟✠✡✡✟✡☛☞✌✍✎✏

Figure 15: Control Power Connection

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.12 CONTACT INPUTS

Note:
Do not connect live circuits to the contact inputs. they are designed for dry contact connections only.

All the digital contact inputs can be configured, apart from the ACCESS switch input. These inputs have default
names to match the functions differential, speed, emergency restart, remote reset and spare). However, in addition
to their default settings, they can also be programmed for use as generic inputs to set up trips and alarms or for
monitoring purposes based on external contact inputs
A twisted pair of wires should be used for contact input connections.

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.13 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

One two-wire RS485 port is provided. Up to thirty-two relays can be daisy-chained together on a communication
channel without exceeding the driver capability. For larger systems, additional serial channels must be added.
Commercially available repeaters can also be used to add more than 32 relays on a single channel. Suitable cable
should have a characteristic impedance of 120 ohms and total wire length should not exceed 1,200 meters (4,000
ft).
Voltage differences between remote ends of the communication link are not uncommon. For this reason, surge
protection devices are internally installed across all RS485 terminals. Internally, an isolated power supply with an
opto-coupled data interface is used to prevent noise coupling.

✎✏✑✒✓✔✒✕ ✖✗✘
❋✌ ✹❀✾ ✙✍✠✝✄ ✌❊✍ ✌✠✄ ✆✂✍✟
✄✪ ✟ ✺✬● ❍
✍ ✞✝✂✌✍✞✡ ✍ ✞✝✂✌✍✞✡
✄✺ ✟ ✺✬● ✭
✄✂✌✂
✄✂✌✂ ✁✞☛

✁✂✄✂☎ ✆✝✁☎ ✞✟ ✄● ✁✞☛☛✞✡

✆✠✟ ✞✡✂✝ ✁✞☛✆☞✌✠✟

✴✟✞☞✡✄ ✌✙✠ ✙✍✠✝✄ ✂✌ ✌✙✠

✁✂✄✂■✆✝✁■✁✞☛✆☞✌✠✟ ✞✡✝❏
✞✟ ✌✙✠ ✬✭ ✮✯✰✮✱ ✞✡✝❏ ✖✗✘
✟ ✺✬● ❍
✹❀✾ ✌✠✟☛✍✡✂✌✍✡✴ ✍☛✆✠✄✂✡✁✠ ✂✌ ✠✂✁✙ ✠✡✄ ✟ ✺✬● ✭
✹✼❁❂✰❃❄❅❅❁ ✶✫✷ ❆❇✸✱ ❄❈❉ ✶ ❈✵✾

✁✞☛☛✞✡

☞✆ ✌✞ ✪✫☎ ✬✭ ✮✯✰✮✱
✞✟ ✞✌✙✠✟ ✍✠✄✱☎ ✖✗✘
☛✂✲✍☛☞☛ ✁✂✳✝✠
✝✠✡✴✌✙ ✞✵
✶✫✷✷ ✸ ✹✺✷✷✷ ✻✼✽✾ ❋✌ ✹❀✾
✟ ✺✬● ❍
✟ ✺✬● ✭

✝✂ ✌
✁✞☛☛✞✡ ✄✠✿✍✁✠
✚✛✜✢✚✣✤✥✦✧★✩

Figure 16: RS485 wiring diagram

Caution:
To ensure that all devices in a daisy-chain are at the same potential, it is imperative
that the common terminals of each RS485 port are tied together and grounded at
the master end. Failure to do so may result in intermittent or failed
communications.

The source computer/PLC/SCADA system should have similar transient protection devices installed, either
internally or externally. Ground the shield at one point only, as shown in the figure above, to avoid ground loops.
Correct polarity is also essential. The relays must be wired with all the positive (+) terminals connected together and
all the negative (–) terminals connected together. Each relay must be daisy-chained to the next one. Avoid star or
stub connected configurations. The last device at each end of the daisy-chain should be terminated with a 120 ohm
¼ watt resistor in series with a 1 nF capacitor across the positive and negative terminals. Some systems allow the
shield (drain wire) to be used as a common wire and to connect directly to the COM terminal; others function
correctly only if the common wire is connected to the COM terminal, but insulated from the shield. Observing these
guidelines ensure a reliable communication system immune to system transients.

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.14 REMOTE DISPLAY

The display can be separated and mounted remotely up to 15 feet (5 meters) away from the main relay. No
separate source of control power is required for the display module. A 15 feet (5 meters) standard double-shielded
twisted-pair network cable of CAT 6 or higher is used to make the connection between the display module and the
main relay. We have a recommended cable available to order. The cable should be wired as far as possible from
high current or voltage carrying cables or other sources of electrical noise.
The display module must be grounded if mounted remotely. A ground screw is provided on the back of the display
module to facilitate this. A 12 AWG wire is recommended and should be connected to the same ground bus as the
main relay unit.
The relay will still function and protect the motor without the display connected.

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Chapter 2 - Installation

2.15 TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM

The following illustrates the electrical wiring of the 859.
REV. CONTACTOR

CIRCUIT BREAKER HGF-CT

F (5 Amp CT)
C A

F
A B MOTOR

F
B C

OPEN DELTA TWISTED

VT CONNECTION PAIR

105 106 107 108 109 110 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 102 104 103 101 91 90

50:
VA VN VB VN VC VN 5A 1A COM 5A 1A COM 5A 1A COM 1A COM 5A 0.025A N V

VOLTAGE INPUTS Phase A Phase B Phase C Neut/Gnd Back Spin

GROUND
CURRENT INPUTS
BUS

FILTER GROUND 123

CONTROL
L

POWER
CONTROL
1 LINE + 124
STATOR POWER
WINDING 1 2 NEUTRAL - 125
RTD1 N
3 Com SAFETY GROUND 126
4 shld.
STATOR 5
111
WINDING 2 6
RTD2 TRIP 112 CR
7 Com
113
8 shld.
OUTPUT RELAYS 114
9 ALARM 115
STATOR
WINDING 3 10 116 ALARM
RTD3 NOTE
11 Com 117 RELAY CONTACTS SHOWN
12 shld. AUX. 1 118 WITH
RTD
13 119 ALARM CONTROL POWER REMOVED
STATOR
WINDING 4 14
RTD4
Multilin 859 AUX. 2
120
121
15 Com Motor Management SELF TEST
122
16 shld. Relay R ALARM
STATOR 17
WINDING 5 18 51
RTD5 SPARE STARTER STATUS
19 Com 52
20 shld. DIFFERENTIAL 53 DIFFERENTIAL
87
RELAY RELAY
DIGITAL INPUTS

STATOR 21 54
WINDING 6 22 SPEED 55
RTD6 14 TWO-SPEED MONITOR
23 Com SWITCH 56
24 shld. ACCESS 57 KEYSWITCH
SWITCH 58 OR JUMPER
MOTOR 25
EMERGENCY 59
BEARING 1 26
RTD7 RESTART 60
27 Com
EXTERNAL 61
28 shld. RESET 62
MOTOR 29
BEARING 2 30
RTD8 1 80 load
31 Com RS485
2 81 PF
OUTPUTS

32 shld. +
ANALOG

3 82 Watts
PUMP 33
34 4 83 -
BEARING 1
RTD9 Com- 84 com-
35 Com METER Shield
36 shld. shld. 85 Shield

PUMP 37 PLC
BEARING 2 38
RTD10
39 Com
40 shld.
41 ETHERNET PORT 2 ETHERNET PORT 1
PUMP (RJ-45) (RJ-45)
CASE 42
RTD11
43 Com
CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2 CHANNEL 3
44 shld. OPTION (C)&(E) OPTION (M)
RS485 RS485
45 RS485
AMBIENT 46 COM COM COM
RTD12
47 Com
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
48 shld.

NOTE
GROUND THE SHIELD EITHER
AT THE SCADA/PLC/COMPUTER
OR THE 859 RELAY

894402A6.cdr

Figure 17: Typical wiring diagram for Delta-connected VT

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Chapter 2 - Installation

MOTOR

SWITCHING DEVICE (52)

Phase A

Phase B

Phase C
WYE VT
CONNECTION

105 106 107 108 109 110

VA VN VB VN VC VN

VOLTAGE INPUTS

859

✽ ✁✁✽✂✄☎
Figure 18: Typical wiring diagram for Wye-connected VT

MOTOR MOTOR
MOTOR MOTOR MOTOR MOTOR

SWITCHING DEVICE (52) SWITCHING DEVICE (52)

SWITCHING DEVICE (52) SWITCHING DEVICE (52) SWITCHING DEVICE (52) SWITCHING DEVICE (52)
Phase A Phase A
Phase A Phase A Phase A Phase A
Phase B Phase B
Phase B Phase B Phase B Phase B
Phase C Phase C
Phase C Phase C Phase C Phase C

105 106 105 106

107 108 107 108 109 110 109 110
Va VN Va VN
Vb VN Vb VN Vc VN Vc VN

Van Vab
Vbn Vbc Vcn Vca

✽ ✁✁✽✂✄☎
Figure 19: Typical wiring diagram for various Pseudo Voltage References

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 CHAPTER 3

INTERFACES
Chapter 3 - Interfaces

3.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 41
First access 42
Front panel options 43
Software Interface 57

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3.2 FIRST ACCESS

There are two methods of interfacing with the relay.
● Using the relay keypad and display.
● Using the EnerVista D&I Setup software software.
This section provides an overview of the interfacing methods using both of these methods.
When first accessing the relay, log in as Administrator either through the front panel or through EnerVista D&I Setup
software connected serially (so that no IP address is required). Use the default password (the default password is
0).

Basic Security
If the relay is in the commissioning phase and you want to bypass authentication, switch the SETPOINT ACCESS
setting on or assign it to a contact input. Once the setting is on, you have complete administrator access from the
front panel. If a contact input is chosen, the access is also conditional on the activation of the respective contact
input.

CyberSentry
If logging in through EnerVista D&I Setup software, choose Device authentication and login as Administrator.

Note:
If the relay is in the commissioning phase, to bypass authentication use the setpoint access feature to gain administrative
access to the front panel in the same way as with basic security.

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3.3 FRONT PANEL OPTIONS

The 859 relay can be delivered with following different front panels:
● The 3-pushbutton membrane faceplate
The front panels provide menu navigation through a selection of navigation pushbuttons and a high quality graphical
display. It includes 3 programmable function pushbuttons and 17 programmable LEDs.

Figure 20: 3-pushbutton membrane front panel

3.3.1 GRAPHICAL DISPLAY PAGES

The front panel liquid crystal display (LCD) allows visibility under various lighting conditions. When the keypad and
display are not being used and there are no active Targets, the Home screen with system information is displayed
after a user-defined period of inactivity. Pressing the Escape key during the display of the default message, returns
the display to the previous display screen. Any Trip, Alarm, or Pickup operation causing a new active Target is
displayed immediately, automatically overriding the Home screen.

3.3.1.1 WORKING WITH GRAPHICAL DISPLAY PAGES

The display contains five main menu items labeled Targets, Status, Metering, Setpoints, and Records located at the
bottom of the screen. Choosing each main menu item displays the corresponding sub-menu.

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

Figure 21: Typical paging

There are two ways of navigating through the menu:

● using the pushbuttons corresponding to the soft tabs from the screen
● by selecting the item from the list of items on the screen using the Up and Down pushbuttons to move the
yellow highlighted line, and pressing the Enter pushbutton.

✁✂✄☎ ✆ ✆ ✁ ✝✆ ✞☎ ☎✂✟✠✄ ✆☎ ✡☛✟✠ ✆ ✂☎☞☛✂✌✆

Figure 22: Tab Pushbuttons

The tab pushbuttons are used to enter the menu corresponding to the label on the tabs. If more than 5 tabs exist,
the first and the last tab are labeled with arrows to allow you to scroll to the other tabs.

✁✂✄☎ ✆ ✁✂✄☎ ✝ ✁✂✄☎ ✞ ✟✟

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

Figure 23: Keypad Pushbuttons

Each Keypad pushbutton serves the following function:

● The Home pushbutton is used to display the home screen, and all screens defined under the Front Panel/
Screens menu as default screens.
● The Help pushbutton is used to provide the Modbus address corresponding to the present location when in
the Actual Values menu.
● The Enter pushbutton has a dual function. It is used to display a sub-menu when an item is highlighted. It is
also used to save the desired value for any selected setpoint.
● The Up, and Down pushbuttons are used to select/highlight an item from a menu, as well as select a value
from the list of values for a chosen item.
● The Up, Down, Left and Right pushbuttons on the membrane faceplate are used to move the yellow
highlight. These pushbuttons are also used on special screens to navigate to multiple objects.
● The Escape pushbutton is used to display the previous menu. This pushbutton can also be used to cancel a
setpoint change.
● The Reset pushbutton clears all latched LED indications, target messages, and latched output relays,
providing the conditions causing these events are not present.

To change (or view) an item on (or from) the menus:

● Use the pushbuttons that correspond to the tabs (Targets, Status, Metering, Setpoints, Records) on the
screen to select a menu.
● Use the Up and Down pushbuttons to highlight an item.
● Press Enter to view a list of values for the chosen item. (Some items are view-only.)
● Use the Up and Down pushbuttons to highlight a value.
● Press Enter to assign the highlighted value to the item.

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3.3.1.2 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

BKR1 LED setting for Breaker symbol color configuration

In all devices the Breaker symbol color is configurable as per the color scheme setting in Setpoints > Device >
Front Panel > Display Properties > Color Scheme.

Single Line Diagram for and Breaker/Contactor & Motor status color
The relay has a single line diagram (SLD) that represents the power system. The single line diagram provided is
pre-configured to show:
● Breaker status
● AC input connection
● System voltage
Accompanying the single line diagram are typical metered values associated with the power system.
The single line diagram is configured as the default menu but this can be changed under Setpoints > Device >
Front Panel > Default Screen.

Figure 24: SLD and typical metered values screen

The breaker/contactor status icon changes state according to the breaker/contactor status input and the color of the
icon changes in accordance with the color scheme setting (Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Display
Properties > Color Scheme). Regardless of the switching device selection (System > Motor > Setup > Switching
Device), the breaker/contactor colors follows the color scheme setting. By default, Green (Open) is selected.
The Breaker/Contactor and motor status color is based on the following logic.

Figure 25: Breaker/Contactor and Motor status color

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

When switching device detection (Breaker or Contactor) Connected/Disconnected (Racked-In/Racked-Out) is

configured, the symbols change with respect to the Connected/Disconnected state of the switching device. The
following table further illustrates this with an example of the switching device Close state when the color scheme is
set to Green (Open).

*8 Series considers the breaker state Connected when detection of the Connected/Disconnected state of the
breaker is not configured. Connected/Disconnected detection is not configured when setpoint Connected (under
Setpoints > System > Breaker) is set to Off.
The parameters displayed in the Front panel screen example are as follows:
Parameter Input for the value
Ia Metering\CT\Ia
Ib Metering\CT\Ib
Ic Metering\CT\Ic
Ig Metering\CT\Ig
Ep Metering\Energy 1\Pwr1 Pos WattHours
Eq Metering\Energy 1\Pwr1 Pos VarHours
P Metering\Power 1\Pwr1 Real
Q Metering\Power 1\Pwr1 Reactive
PF Metering\Power 1\Pwr1 PF

3.3.2 THREE-PUSHBUTTON FRONT PANEL LEDS

Front panel LED details:
● Number of LEDs: 17
● Programmability: Any FlexLogic operand
● Reset mode: self-reset or latched
The front panel provides two columns of 7 LED indicators each, and 3 LED pushbutton indicators. The IN-SERVICE
(LED 1) indicator from the first LED column is a non-programmable LED. LED 3 in the first LED column is
programmable and defaulted to PICKUP. The bottom 3 LED indicators from the first column, and the 7 LED
indicators from the second LED column are fully programmable. The indicators TRIP (LED 2), and ALARM (LED 3),
are also programmable, and can be triggered by either a selection of FlexLogic operand assigned in their own
menu, or by the operation of any protection, control or monitoring element with function selected as Trip, Alarm,
or Latched Alarm.
The RESET key is used to reset any latched LED indicator or Target Message once the condition has been cleared
(latched conditions can also be reset via the RESETTING menu).

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

✁✂ ✄ ✁✂ ✡
✁✂ ☎ ✁✂ ☛
✁✂ ✆ ✁✂ ✄☞
✁✂ ✝ ✁✂ ✄✄
✁✂ ✞ ✁✂ ✄☎
✁✂ ✟ ✁✂ ✄✆
✁✂ ✠ ✁✂ ✄✝

✁✂ ✄✞ ✁✂ ✄✟ ✁✂ ✄✠
✌✍✎✏✌✑✒✓✔✕✖✗
Figure 26: LED numbering

Some status indicators are common while some are feature specific which depend on the availability in the order
code. The common status indicators in the first column are described below.
Status Indicator Description
IN SERVICE Green color = Relay powered up, passed self-test has been programmed, and ready to serve.
This LED indicates that control power is applied, all monitored inputs, outputs, and internal
systems are OK, and that the device has been programmed.
Red color = Relay failed self test, has not been programmed, or out of service.
TRIP This LED indicates that the element selected to produce a trip has operated. This indicator
always latches; as such, a Reset command must be initiated to allow the latch to be reset.
ALARM This LED indicates that the FlexLogic™ operand serving as an Alarm switch has operated.
Latching of the indicator depends on the selected protection function. A Reset command must
be initiated to allow the latch to be reset.
PICKUP This LED indicates that at least one element is picked up. This indicator is never latched.
TEST MODE This LED indicates that the relay has been set into Test Mode.
MESSAGE This LED indicates the presence of Target Messages detected by the relay.
LOCAL MODE This LED indicates that the relay is operating in local mode.

Breaker status indication is based on the breaker’s 52a and 52b contacts. With both contacts wired to the relay and
configured, closed breaker status is determined by closed 52a contact and opened 52b contact. Vice-versa the
open breaker status is determined by opened 52a contact and closed 52b contact. If both 52a and 52b contacts are
open, due to a breaker being racked out from the switchgear, both the Breaker Open and Breaker Closed LED
Indicators will be off.
The Event Cause indicators in the first column are described as follows:
Events Cause LEDs are turned On or Off by protection elements that have their respective target settings selected
as either Self-Reset or Latched. If a protection element target setting has Self-Reset selected, then the
corresponding Event Cause LEDs remain On as long as the operate operand associated with the element remains

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

asserted. If a protection element target setting is Latched, then the corresponding Event Cause LEDs turn On
when the operate operand associated with the element is asserted and will remain On until the RESET button on
the front panel is pressed after the operand is reset.
Default labels are shipped in the package of every product, together with custom templates. A custom LED template
is available for editing and printing from the GE Vernova website. The default labels can be replaced by user-printed
labels. Customization of LED operation is of maximum benefit in installations where languages other than English
are used to communicate with operators.

3.3.3 HOME SCREEN ICONS

The next figure shows the icons available on the front screen. For descriptions of these screen icons see the
following table.

Figure 27: Home Screen Icons

Icon Type Description of Icon

Security Access User not logged in - green and locked
User logged in - Icon is red and unlocked
Setpoint Group Identifies the active setpoint group
Active Target When the target auto navigation setting is disabled, the message LED and the Active Target
icon are the only indication of active target messages.
Breaker Health The Breaker Health icon is blue when the setting for the breaker health function is not
disabled. When the setting is disabled the icon is gray.
Settings Save Indicates that a setting is being saved on the relay (i.e., when changing one of relay settings).
Icon is ON (relay is saving to flash memory) Icon is OFF (relay is not saving to flash memory)
Local Mode Indicates that Local Mode is active. During Local Mode, the control for the breakers and
disconnect switches can be performed only by the relay front panel.

Note:
The security icon only represents the security access level through the front panel.
Do not remove power from the relay whenever the Settings Save icon is ON. When power is removed the data being saved
can also be lost.

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3.3.4 RELAY MESSAGES

3.3.4.1 TARGET MESSAGES

Targets are messages displayed on the screen when any change of state of protection, control, monitoring, or digital
signal takes place. Depending on the model, targets for each element are enabled, or latched by default. You can
disable targets for any particular element if desired.
Target Messages are displayed in order of their activation, whereas in cases of simultaneous activation, they are
displayed in the order outlined below (from highest to lowest priority):
1. Targets generated by pressing programmable pushbutton
2. Targets generated by Contact inputs
3. Targets generated by Protection, Control and Monitoring elements
4. Targets generated by communications.
In cases where the Pickup and Operate flags from an element are detected at the same time, the Pickup flag is not
displayed. The Operate flag is displayed instead.
LED #6, from the first column of LEDs, is factory configured to be triggered by the FlexLogic operand ANY
TARGET, to indicate the presence of at least one target message. This LED is labeled as MESSAGE. The LED can
be programmed to any other FlexLogic operand by choice.

MESSAGE TIMEOUT
The timeout applies to every screen apart from the default screen. Examples include viewing, metering, or
navigating to a screen with setting, etc. If no further navigation is performed, no pushbutton is touched, and/or no
target is initiated for the time specified in the message timeout setpoint, the display goes back to the default screen
(the metering summary screen).
The target message overrides the message timeout. The message timeout starts timing after each target message,
and if no more activity is recorded for the specified time, the display goes back to the default screen.
Pressing a programmable pushbutton activates a new screen with a Target Message corresponding to the
programmed pushbutton action. The pushbutton Target Message is displayed for 10 seconds then defaults to the
screen that was displayed before pressing the pushbutton. The pushbutton Target Message is recorded in the list
with other generated Target Messages.
Target Messages can be cleared either by pressing the pushbutton corresponding to the CLEAR tab, or by initiating
a RESET command. The CLEAR command clears only the Target Messages, while initiating a RESET clears not
only the Target Messages, but also any latched LEDs and output relays.

3.3.4.2 SELF-TEST ERRORS

The relay performs self-diagnostics at initialization (after power up), and continuously as a background task to
ensure that the hardware and software are functioning correctly. There are two types of self-test warnings indicating
either a minor or major problem. Minor errors indicate a problem with the relay that does not compromise protection
and control functionality of the relay. Major errors indicate a problem with the relay which takes it out of service.

Caution:
Self-Test Warnings may indicate a serious problem with the relay hardware!

Upon detection of a minor problem, the relay does the following:

● Displays a detailed description of the error on the relay display as a target message
● Records the minor self-test error in the Event Recorder
● Flashes the ALARM LED

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

Upon detection of a major problem, the relay will:

● De-energize the relay assigned under setting Major Self-Test Relay if the relay is programmed for failsafe
operation or energized if configured for non-failsafe operation.
● De-energize all output relays
● Turn off the IN SERVICE LED
● Flash the TRIP LED
● Assert the Self-Test Trip OP FlexLogic operand
● Display Major Self-test error with the error code as a target message
● Record the major self-test failure in the Event Recorder
When Alarm is selected as a function, upon detection of a major problem, the relay will:
● Flash the ALARM LED.
● Assert Self-Test Alarm OP FlexLogic operand.
● Display Major Self-test error with the error code as a target message
● Display Major Self-test error as a target message
● Record the major self-test failure in the Event Recorder.
Under both conditions, the targets cannot be cleared if the error is still active.

Figure 28: Minor Errors

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Figure 29: Major Errors

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

Minor self-test errors

Minor Self-test Error Description of Problem Frequency of Test What to Do
Message1
Order Code Error Hardware doesn't match order Every 1 second
code
CPU S/N Invalid CPU card doesn’t have valid Every 1 second
data to match the order code.
Slot “$” IO S/N Invalid2 IO card located in slot $ Every 1 second
doesn’t have valid data to
match the order code.
Comms S/N Invalid Comms card doesn’t have Every 1 second
valid data to match the order
code.
CPanel S/N Invalid Control Panel doesn’t have Every 1 second
valid data to match the order
code.
PSU S/N Invalid Power Supply Unit doesn’t Every 1 second
have valid data to match the
order code. If alert doesn’t self-reset then
contact factory. Otherwise
RTC Error The CPU cannot read the time Every 1 second
monitor re-occurrences as
from the real time clock
errors are detected and self-
Product Serial Invalid The product serial number Every 1 second reset
doesn’t match the product
type
Comm Alert #1 Every 1 second
Communication error between
Comm Alert #2 Every 1 second
CPU and Comms board
Comm Alert #3 Every 1 second
FLASH Error The permanent storage Every 1 second
memory has been corrupted
SPI Error Communication error between Every 1 second
CPU and LEDs, Keypad or
peripheral memory devices
Invalid MAC Address MAC address is not in the Every 1 second
product range
Calibration Error Unit has default calibration Boot-up and every 1 second
values
Clock Not Set Clock has the default time Every 1 second Set clock to current time
WiFi Default Settings SSID and Passphrase is the Every 1 second Set SSID and Passphrase
factory default
Link Error Primary3 Port 1 or Port 4 (depending on Every 1 second Ensure Ethernet cable is
order code) is not connected connected, check cable
functionality (i.e. physical
damage or perform continuity
test), and ensure master or
peer device is functioning. If
none of these apply, contact
the factory.

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Chapter 3 - Interfaces

Minor Self-test Error Description of Problem Frequency of Test What to Do

Message1
Link Error Secondary Port 5 is not connected Every 1 second Ensure Ethernet cable is
connected, check cable
functionality (i.e. physical
damage or perform continuity
test), and ensure master or
peer device is functioning. If
none of these apply, contact
the factory.
Traffic Error Primary Abnormally high amount of Every 1 second Contact site IT department to
Broadcast and Uni-cast traffic check network for
on port 1 or port 4 malfunctioning devices
Traffic Error Secondary Abnormally high amount of Every 1 second Contact site IT department to
Broadcast and Uni-cast traffic check network for
on port 5 malfunctioning devices
Ambient Temperature >80C The ambient temperature Every 1 second Inspect mounting enclosure
surrounding the product has for unexpected heat sources
exceeded 80C (i.e loose primary cables) and
remove accordingly
Event Rate High Abnormally high amounts of Every 1 second Ensure settings are not set
events have been generated close to nominal ratings.
so the relay has stopped Ensure FlexLogic equations
logging to prevent further do not have impractical timing
issues for status events
IRIG-B Failure A bad IRIG-B input signal has Every 1 second Ensure IRIG-B cable is
been detected connected, check cable
functionality (i.e. physical
Note: damage or perform continuity
IRIG-B is not available for test), ensure IRIG-B receiver
the 859 is functioning, and check input
signal level (it may be less
than specification). If none of
these apply, contact the
factory.
CAN_1 Error Every 1 second
CAN_2 Error Every 1 second
Version Mismatch CPU and Comms do not have Boot-up and Every 1 second Ensure that both the CPU and
the same revision on firmware Comms FW was uploaded
during the upgrade process
SelfTestFWUpdate The updating of the firmware Every 1 second Re-try uploading firmware. If
failed the upload doesn’t work a
second time contact factory
Remote CAN IO Mismatch RMIO card detection Every 1 second Check RRTD connections,
mismatch check if the RRTD
configuration is still valid,
Validate CANBUS IO.
1 Failure is logged after the detection of 5 consecutive failures
2$ is the slot ID (i.e. F, G, H etc.)
3a Link Error Primary can take up to 12 seconds to appear
3b To disable Link Error Primary target when not in use with SE order code, change IP address to 127.0.0.1

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Major self-test errors

Major Self-test Error Latched Target Description of Frequency of Test What to do
Message Message Problem
Relay Not Ready No PRODUCT SETUP On power up and Program all required
INSTALLATION setting whenever the settings and then set
indicates relay is not in PRODUCT SETUP the PRODUCT SETUP
a programmed state. INSTALLATION setting INSTALLATION setting
is altered. to Ready.
Major Self-Test (error Yes Unit hardware failure Every 1 second Contact the factory and
code) detected supply the failure code
as noted on the display.

The following note is applicable to all 8S products apart from the 859

Note:
When a total loss of power is present, the Critical Failure Relay (Output Relay 8) is de-energized.

3.3.4.3 OUT OF SERVICE

When the relay is shipped from the factory, DEVICE IN SERVICE is set to Not Ready. The IN SERVICE LED will
be orange and the critical fail relay will be de-energized but this will not be classified as a major self-test. An out of
service event will be generated in the event recorder.

3.3.4.4 FLASH MESSAGES

Flash messages are warning, error, or general information messages displayed in response to pressing certain
keys. The factory default flash message time is 2 seconds.

3.3.5 LABEL REMOVAL

For versions up to 3.xx, the front panels are supplied with a label removal tool for removing the LED label and user-
programmable pushbutton label.
The following procedures describes how to use the label removal tool.
1. Bend the tabs of the tool upwards as shown in the image.

2. Slide the label removal tool under the LED label as shown in the next image. Make sure the bent tabs are
pointing away from the relay. Move the tool inside until the tabs enter the pocket.

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3. Remove the tool with the LED label.

The following describes how to remove the user-programmable pushbutton label from the front panel.
1. Slide the label tool under the user-programmable pushbutton label as shown in the next image. Make sure
the bent tab is pointing away from the relay.
Remove the tool and user-programmable pushbutton label as shown in image.

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3.4 SOFTWARE INTERFACE

3.4.1 ENERVISTA D&I SETUP SOFTWARE

Although you can enter settings manually using the control panel keys, you can also use a PC to download
setpoints through the communications port. EnerVista D&I Setup software is used to make this as convenient as
possible. With EnerVista D&I Setup software, it is possible to:
● Program and modify settings
● Load setting files from a computer
● Save setting files to a computer
● Read actual values
● Monitor status
● Read pre-trip data and event records
● Get help on any topic
● Upgrade the firmware
The software allows immediate access to all features with easy to use pull down menus in the familiar Windows
environment. This section provides the necessary information to install the software, upgrade the relay firmware,
and write and edit setting files.
The software can run without a relay connected to the computer. In this case, settings may be saved to a file for
future use. If a relay is connected to a PC and communications are enabled, you can configure the relay from the
setting screens. In addition, measured values, status and trip messages can be displayed with the actual value
screens.

3.4.1.1 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

EnerVista D&I Setup software has the following system requirements:
● Dual-core processor
● Microsoft Windows 10 or higher; 32-bit or 64-bit.
● At least 1 GB of free hard disk space is available.
● At least 2 GB of RAM is installed.
● 1280 x 800 display screen
The EnerVista D&I Setup software can be installed from the GE Multilin website.

3.4.1.2 INSTALLING ENERVISTA D&I SETUP SOFTWARE

Use the following procedure to install EnerVista D&I Setup software using the EnerVista D&I Setup software
Launchpad application (found on the GE Multilin website).
1. Double-click the installation package and follow the instructions to install the software on the local PC.
2. When the installation is complete, start the EnerVista D&I Setup software Launchpad application.
3. Click the IED Setup section of the LaunchPad toolbar.
4. In the EnerVista D&I Setup software Launchpad window, click the Add Product button and select the
required Protection System. Select the Web option to ensure the most recent software release.
5. Click the Add Now button to list software items. EnerVista D&I Setup software Launchpad obtains the latest
installation software from the Web and automatically starts the installation process. A status window with a
progress bar is shown during the downloading process.

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6. Select the complete path, including the new directory name, where the software is to be installed.
7. Click on Next to begin the installation. The files are installed in the directory indicated, the USB driver is
loaded into the computer, and the installation program automatically creates icons and adds the EnerVista
D&I Setup software to the Windows start menu.
8. The required device is added to the list of installed IEDs in the EnerVista D&I Setup software Launchpad IED
Setup window.

If you are going to communicate from your computer to the relay using the USB port:
1. Connect the USB cable from your computer to the relay's USB port.
2. Launch EnerVista D&I Setup software from the LaunchPad. Then in EnerVista D&I Setup software 8 Series
setup software > Device Setup, select USB as the Interface type.
3. Select the Read Order Code button.

3.4.1.3 UPGRADING ENERVISTA D&I SETUP SOFTWARE

The latest software can be downloaded from the GE website.
After upgrading, check the version number under Help > About. If the new version does not display, try uninstalling
the software and reinstalling the new version.

3.4.2 CONNECTING ENERVISTA D&I SETUP SOFTWARE TO THE RELAY

3.4.2.1 USING THE QUICK CONNECT FEATURE

The Quick Connect button can be used to establish a fast connection through the front panel USB port of a relay.
Select USB and press the Connect button. Alternatively, Ethernet or WiFi (not all models) can be used as the
interface.
When connected, a new site called Quick Connect appears in the Site List window.
The Site Device has now been configured via the Quick Connect feature for communications through whichever
interface has been chosen.

3.4.2.2 CONFIGURING ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS

Before starting, verify that the Ethernet cable is properly connected to the relevant Ethernet port.

Note:
The relay supports a maximum of 3 TCP/IP sessions.

1. Install and start the latest version of the software (available from the GE Multilin Website). See the previous
section for the installation procedure.
2. Click on the Device Setup button to open the Device Setup window and click the Add Site button to define a
new site.
3. Enter the desired site name in the Site Name field. If desired, a short description of the site can also be
entered. In this example, we will use Substation 1 as the site name.
4. The new site appears in the upper-left list.
5. Click the Add Device button to define the new device.
6. Enter the desired name in the Device Name field, and a description (optional).
7. Select Ethernet from the Interface drop-down list. This displays a number of interface parameters that must
be entered for proper Ethernet functionality.

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8. Enter the IP address, slave address, and Modbus port values assigned to the relay (from the Setpoints >
Device > Communications menu).
9. Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the relay and upload the order code. If a communications
error occurs, ensure that the Ethernet communication values correspond to the relay setting values.
10. Click OK when the relay order code has been received. The new device will be added to the Site List window
(or Online window) located in the top left corner of the main EnerVista D&I Setup software window.
The Site Device has now been configured for Ethernet communications.

3.4.2.3 CONNECTING TO THE RELAY

Now that the communications parameters have been properly configured, communications with the relay can be
initiated.
1. Expand the Site list by double clicking on the site name or clicking on the + box to list the available devices
for the given site.
2. The required device trees can be expanded by clicking the + box. The following list of headers is shown for
each device:
○ Device Definition
○ Status
○ Metering
○ Quick Setup
○ Setpoints
○ Records
○ Maintenance
3. Expand the Setpoints > Device > Front Panel list item and double click on Display Properties or Default
Screens to open the settings window.
4. The settings window opens with a corresponding status indicator on the lower left of the EnerVista D&I Setup
software window.
5. If the status indicator is red, verify that the serial, USB, or Ethernet cable is properly connected to the relay,
and that the relay has been properly configured for communications (steps described earlier).
The settings can now be edited, printed, or changed. Other setpoint and command windows can be displayed and
edited in a similar manner. Actual Values windows are also available for display. These windows can be arranged
and resized, if necessary.

3.4.2.4 CONFIGURING USB ADDRESS

By default, the relay USB port uses the network address 172.16.0.2. In some cases this IP is part of the corporate
network for the computer and conflicts with existing computers or other devices on that network. To resolve this
conflict, change the USB address to be in a different network. This change must be made to the computer settings,
the relay settings, and the EnerVista D&I Setup software settings in order to connect to the relay through the USB
port.
1. Open the Windows Control Panel and select Network and Internet > Network Sharing. The exact path may
vary depending on the version of Windows.

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2. Click Change adapter settings.

3. Find the GE RNDIS Device (or GE RNDIS Device #2) and right-click the network it is on to open the
Properties window.
4. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.

5. In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, ensure that Use the following IP Address
is selected, and enter an appropriate IP address.
6. Click OK to save the new settings.
7. In the EnerVista D&I Setup software, navigate to File > Preferences > USB and change the IP address to
match. This address will now be used by EnerVista D&I Setup software when the interface selected is USB.

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8. Click OK to save the new settings.

9. On the front panel of the relay, navigate to Setpoint > Device > Communications > USB.
10. Change both the USB IP Address and USB GWY IP Address setpoints to match the IP address the
computer is now using.
The relay should now communicate with the computer through the USB port.

3.4.3 WORKING WITH SETPOINTS

When a settings file is being uploaded to a device, the DEVICE IN SERVICE setting switches to Not Ready for the
duration of the upload. This ensures that all new settings are applied before the device is operational. A settings file
uploads operations including the following:
● EnerVista D&I Setup software menu option Write Settings File to Device
● Logic Designer changes saved online
● SLD configuration saved online
● IEC 61850 configuration saved online
● FlexLogic configuration saved online
● CID file uploaded to device
Individual setting changes from the device front panel or the EnerVista D&I Setup software Online Window do not
change the state of the DEVICE IN SERVICE setting.

3.4.3.1 ENGAGING A DEVICE

EnerVista D&I Setup software may be used in on-line mode (relay connected) to directly communicate with a relay.
Communicating relays are organized and grouped by communication interfaces and into sites. Sites may contain
any number of relays selected from the product series.

3.4.3.2 ENTERING SETPOINTS

The following System Setup page is used as an example to illustrate entering setpoints. In this example, we will
changing the voltage sensing setpoints.
1. Establish communications with the relay.
2. Select the Setpoint > System > Voltage Sensing menu item.
3. Select the Aux. VT Secondary setpoint by clicking anywhere in the parameter box. This displays three
arrows: two to increment/decrement the value and another to launch the numerical keypad.

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4. Clicking the arrow at the end of the box displays a numerical keypad interface used to enter values within the
setpoint range displayed near the top of the keypad: Click = to exit from the keypad and keep the new value.
Click on X to exit from the keypad and retain the old value.

5. For setpoints requiring non-numerical pre-set values (e.g. Phase VT Connection below), clicking anywhere
within the setpoint value box displays a drop-down selection menu arrow. Select the desired value from this
list.

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6. In the Setpoints > System Setup > Voltage Sensing dialog box, click on Save to save the values into the
relay. Click YES to accept any changes and exit the window. Click Restore to retain previous values. Click
Default to restore Default values.
7. For setpoints requiring an alphanumeric text string (e.g. relay name), the value may be entered directly within
the setpoint value box.

Note:
When using Setpoint Groups, an element from one group can be dragged and dropped on the same element in another
group, copying all settings.

3.4.3.3 USING SETPOINT FILES

The EnerVista D&I Setup software interface supports three ways of handling changes to relay settings:
1. In off-line mode (relay disconnected) to create or edit relay settings files for later download to communicating
relays.
2. Directly modifying relay settings while connected to a communicating relay, then saving the settings when
complete.
3. Creating/editing settings files while connected to a communicating relay, then saving them to the relay when
complete.
Setting files are organized on the basis of file names assigned by the user. A setting file contains data pertaining to
the following types of relay settings:
● Device Definition
● Relay Setup
● System Setup
● Protection
● Control
● Inputs/Outputs
● Monitoring
● FlexLogic
● Quick setup

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● Protection summary
● IEC 61850 configurator
● Modbus user map
Factory default values are supplied and can be restored after any changes.
The relay displays relay setpoints with the same hierarchy as the front panel display.

3.4.3.4 DOWNLOADING AND SAVING SETPOINT FILES

You should make a backup of the in-service settings before any changes are made or any work undertaken on
commissioned devices. This section describes how to backup settings to a file and how to use that file to restore
settings to the original relay or to a replacement relay.
Setpoints must be saved to a file on the local PC before performing any firmware upgrades. Saving setpoints is also
highly recommended before making any setpoint changes or creating new setpoint files.
The setpoint files in the EnerVista D&I Setup software window are accessed in the Files Window. Use the following
procedure to download and save setpoint files to a local PC.
1. Ensure that the site and corresponding device(s) have been properly defined and configured.
2. Select the desired device from the site list.
3. Select Read Device Settings from the online menu item, or right-click on the device and select Read Device
Settings to obtain settings information from the device.
4. After a few seconds, the software requests the name and destination path of the setpoint file. The
corresponding file extension is automatically assigned. Press Receive to complete the process. A new entry
is added to the tree, in the File pane, showing path and file name for the setpoint file.

3.4.3.5 ADDING SETPOINT FILES TO THE ENVIRONMENT

EnerVista D&I Setup software allows you to review and manage a large group of setpoint files. Use the following
procedure to add an existing file to the list.
1. In the offline pane, right-click on Files and select the Add Existing Settings File item.
2. The Open dialog box is displayed, prompting to select a previously saved setpoint file.
3. Browse for the file to be added then click Open. The new file and complete path will be added to the file list.

3.4.3.6 CREATING A NEW SETPOINTS FILE

Eenrvista allows you to create a new setpoint files independent of a connected device. These can be uploaded to a
relay at a later date. The following procedure illustrates how to create new setpoint files.
1. In the Offline pane, right click and select the New Settings File item. The Create New Settings File box
appears, allowing for the configuration of the setpoint file for the correct firmware version. It is important to
define the correct firmware version to ensure that setpoints not available in a particular version are not
downloaded into the relay.
2. Select the Firmware Version, and Order Code options for the new setpoint file.
3. For future reference, enter some useful information in the Description box to facilitate the identification of the
device and the purpose of the file.
4. To select a file name and path for the new file, click the button beside the File Name box.
5. Select the file name and path to store the file, or select any displayed file name to replace an existing file. All
setpoint files should have the extension .CID.
6. Click OK to complete the process. Once this step is completed, the new file, with a complete path, is added
to the software environment.

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Note:
Offline settings files can be created for invalid order codes in order to support file conversion from different products,
upgrades, and special orders. To validate an order code, visit the GE Multilin online store.
Filenames for setting files cannot have a period character (.) other than the one that is added in front of CID.

3.4.3.7 UPGRADING SETPOINT FILES TO A NEW REVISION

It is often necessary to upgrade the revision for a previously saved setpoint file after the firmware has been
upgraded. This is illustrated in the following procedure:
1. Establish communications with the relay.
2. Select the Status > Information > Main CPU menu item and record the Firmware Version.
3. Load the setpoint file to be upgraded into the EnerVista D&I Setup software 8 Series setup software
environment.
4. In the File pane, select the saved setpoint file.
5. From the main window menu bar, select the Offline > Edit Settings File Properties menu item and note the
File Version of the setpoint file. If this version is different from the Firmware Revision noted in step 2, select a
New File Version that matches the Firmware Revision from the pull-down menu. For example, if the firmware
revision is J0J08AA150.SFD (Firmware Revision 1.50) and the current setpoint file revision is 1.10, change
the New File Version to 1.5x.
6. Enter any special comments about the setpoint file in the Description field.
7. Select the desired firmware version from the New File Version field.
8. When complete, click OK to convert the setpoint file to the desired revision.

3.4.3.8 PRINTING SETPOINTS

EnerVista D&I Setup software allows you to print partial or complete lists of setpoints. Use the following procedure
to print a list of setpoints:
1. Select a previously saved setpoints file in the File pane or establish communications with a relay.
2. If printing from an online device, select the Online > Print Device Information menu item. If printing from a
previously saved setpoints file, select the Offline > Print Settings File menu item.
3. The Print/Export Options dialog box appears. Select Setpoints in the upper section and select either Include
All Features (for a complete list) or Include Only Enabled Features (for a list of only those features which
are currently used) in the filtering section and click OK.
4. Setpoint lists can be printed in the same manner by right clicking on the desired file (in the file list) or device
(in the device list) and selecting the Print Device Information or Print Settings File options.

3.4.3.9 PRINTING VALUES FROM A CONNECTED DEVICE

A complete list of actual values can also be printed from a connected device with the following procedure:
1. Establish communications with the desired relay.
2. From the main window, select the Online > Print Device Information menu item
3. The Print/Export Options dialog box will appear. Select Actual Values in the upper section and select either
Include All Features (for a complete list) or Include Only Enabled Features (for a list of only those features
which are currently used) in the filtering section and click OK.
Actual values lists can be printed in the same manner by right clicking on the desired device (in the device list) and
selecting the Print Device Information option.

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3.4.3.10 LOADING SETPOINTS FROM A FILE

Note:
An error message occurs when attempting to upload a setpoint file with a revision number that does not match the relay
firmware.

The following procedure illustrates how to load setpoints from a file. Before loading a setpoints file, it must first be
added to the software environment.
1. Select the previously saved setpoints file from the File pane of the main window.
2. Select the Offline > Edit Settings File Properties menu item and verify that the corresponding file is fully
compatible with the hardware and firmware version of the target relay.
3. Right-click on the selected file and select the Write Settings File to Device item.
4. Select the target relay from the list of devices shown and click Send. If there is an incompatibility, an
Incompatible device order codes, versions or Serial Locks error will occur.
If there are no incompatibilities between the target device and the settings file, the data is transferred to the relay.
An indication of the percentage completed is shown in the bottom of the main window.

3.4.3.11 UNINSTALLING FILES AND CLEARING DATA

The relay can be decommissioned by turning off the power to the unit and disconnecting the wires to it. Files can be
cleared after uninstalling Emervista or the relay, for example to comply with data security regulations. On the
computer, settings files can be identified by the .CID extension.
To clear the current settings file do the following:
1. Create a default settings file.
2. Write the default settings file to the relay.
3. Delete all other files with the .CID extension.
4. Delete any other data files, which can be in standard formats, such as COMTRADE or .csv.
You cannot directly erase the flash memory, but all records and settings in that memory can be deleted. Do this from
the front panel or EnerVista D&I Setup software using: Command > Clear All Records

3.4.4 QUICK SETUP

The Quick Setup item can be accessed online or offline in EnerVista D&I Setup software. Settings changes can be
made from both of these screens.
Quick Setup is designed for quick and easy user programming. Power system parameters, and settings for some
simple overcurrent elements are easily set. The Quick Setup screen works as follows:
● Settings names and units can be viewed at this screen. To view the range of the settings, hover the cursor
over the setpoint value field.
● Configure and save the settings as required.
● The Save, Restore and Default buttons function the same as in the individual setting setup screens.
● If you enter a setting value which exceeds the range, when you attempt to save it a warning dialog box will
appear. You must correct the setting value to ensure that it is within the permissible range and save it to
proceed.

3.4.5 UPGRADING RELAY FIRMWARE

To upgrade the firmware, follow the procedures listed in this section. Upon successful completion of this procedure,
the relay will have new firmware installed with the factory default setpoints.The latest firmware files are available
from the GE website.

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Note:
EnerVista D&I Setup software prevents incompatible firmware from being loaded into a relay.
Uploading firmware on a WiFi interface is not allowed.
Before upgrading firmware, it is very important to save the current settings to a file on your PC. After the firmware has been
upgraded, it will be necessary to load this file back into the relay.

3.4.5.1 LOADING NEW RELAY FIRMWARE

Do the following to load new firmware into the relay's flash memory.
1. Connect the relay to the local PC and save the setpoints to a file.
2. Select the Maintenance > Update Firmware menu item. A screen appears with information on how long the
upload will take. Select OK to proceed.
3. EnerVista D&I Setup software requests the new firmware file. Locate the folder that contains the firmware file
to load into the relay.The firmware filename has the following format.
✁ ✂✄ ☎ ☎ ✆✝✂ ✞ ✟✠✡
☛☞✌✍ ✎✏✑✍
☛☞✕✙✴✔✕✍ ✛✍✜ ✢
✒✓✔✕✖ ✗✘✘✍✙✚✌✏ ✛✍✜ ✢
✣✓✖✍ ✤✏✑✍ ☞✥ ✦✍✙✓✕✏ ✧✍✜☞★✍
✩✣✒ ✣✓✖✍ ✪✫✙✚✍✕
✩✕✓✖✫★✎ ✛✍✬✍✕✍✥★✍ ✣✓✖✍ ✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✍✕☞✍✘✳
A screen appears advising that a backup of the settings file should be made before proceeding with the
firmware upgrade. Select YES to proceed.
4. EnerVista D&I Setup software now prepares the relay to receive the new firmware file. The front panel
momentarily displays Upload Mode.
5. A screen appears confirming the firmware versions of the target device and the selected .SFD. Click YES to
proceed with the firmware loading process.
6. EnerVista D&I Setup software will prompt the user to reboot the relay after both the Boot 1 and Boot 2
uploads.

Note:
The relay should be rebooted BEFORE pressing OK.

7. Wait for the Comms upload process to complete.

8. Wait for the Mains upload process to complete.
9. EnerVista D&I Setup software notifies you when the relay is successfully updated.

Note:
Wait for the relay to boot up, then cycle power to the relay to complete the firmware update process.

After successfully updating the firmware, the relay is not in service and requires setpoint programming. To
communicate with the relay, the communication settings may have to be manually reprogrammed.
When communication is established, you must reload the saved setpoints back into the relay.
Modbus addresses assigned to features, settings, and corresponding data items (i.e. default values, min/max
values, data type, and item size) may change slightly from version to version of firmware. The addresses are
rearranged when new features are added or existing features are enhanced or modified.

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3.4.6 SLD CONFIGURATOR

The SLD Configurator allows users to create customized single line diagrams (SLD) for the front panel display. The
SLDs must be configured from the SLD Configurator in the EnerVista D&I Setup software, located under Setpoints
> SLD Configurator. The SLD Configurator allows breakers, switches, metering, and status items on the SLD.
SLDs are viewed from the relay front panel and individual SLD pages can be selected for the default home screen
pages. The relay provides several SLD pages. Each page can have a combination of active and passive objects.
Status, metering, and control objects are active while the static images for bus, generator, motor, transformer,
ground, etc. are passive objects.

Figure 30: SLD Page

For optimum use, the first SLD page can be used for the overall SLD and the subsequent pages can be used for
breaker/switch specific CT/VT placement, metering and status. Once the configurable SLDs are programmed, they
are saved within the relay settings file. The SLD pages can also be saved individually as local XML files. The locally
stored XML files can then be reloaded to generate another diagram. SLDs represent objects using GE symbols
(similar to ANSI).

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Figure 31: Template SLD

The following figure shows the objects that are available for design in the SLD Configurator and their maximum
usage limits [X]. The maximum limit reflects the maximum possible order code.

Figure 32: SLD Configurator Component Library

3.4.6.1 CONTROL OBJECTS

The control objects consist of selectable breakers and disconnect switches. The following figure shows the different
symbols in the GE Standard style and IEC style. If the switching element is tagged, blocked, or bypassed, indicators
with the letters T, B, and By appear on the lower right corner of the element. The breaker/switch name is displayed
at the top of the object.

Note:
The displayed breaker name is configured in the setpoint Setpoints > System > Breakers > Breaker[X] > Name. This
setpoint has a 13-character limit. The name should be kept to a minimum so that it appears properly on the SLD.

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Figure 33: Control Object Symbols

Note:
GE symbols are color-coded ANSI symbols.

The control objects status follows the color scheme from the Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Display
Properties > Color Scheme setting. By default, this setting is set to Green (open). If set to Red (open), the
status colors are reversed.
If the setting is used, the breaker symbols automatically change to the Truck CB symbols. The SLD assumes that if
the Breaker Racked-In/Racked-Out input is used (anything other than Off), the appropriate Truck CB symbol will
be used.
The following figure shows the orientation available for the control objects. The default position for the control
objects is 0 degrees. Orientation in multiple directions allows for configuration of the single line diagram according
to the existing drawings and ensure the correct side for the fixed/moving contacts.

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Figure 34: Orientation for Breakers and Switches

3.4.6.2 STATUS OBJECTS

The status objects consist of digital operands. Up to 15 digital status elements can be configured per SLD page.
The status object acts as an LED on the screen. If the diagram shows a gray circle, it means the assigned input is
low. If it shows a red circle, the assigned input is high. The following figure shows an example of the Reclose
Blocked signal in both On and Off state.

Figure 35: Reclose Blocked signal

In addition, Remote Breaker status objects are added for GE and IEC style. Remote breaker status allows
monitoring of three distant breakers. These objects are not controllable and hence cannot be used for selection and
operation.

3.4.6.3 METERING OBJECTS

The metering objects consist of metering elements. Up to 15 metering elements can be configured per SLD page.
The metering object has an input for all the available FlexAnalog values. The units for these values are dynamically
scaled as per the defaults. The following figure shows the metering element on a configured SLD.

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Figure 36: Metering Element on configured SLD

3.4.6.4 DEVICE STATUS OBJECT

The configurable SLD feature in the relay allows only one device status object per SLD page. The device status
does not have any properties. It is simply shown as Status: [device status].

3.4.6.5 STATIC OBJECTS

Static objects are used as simple bitmap images or text/drawing blocks to complete the single line diagram. There is
no control associated with these static objects. The static objects consist of drawing tools, text object, and power
system components.

3.4.6.6 FRONT PANEL INTERACTION

8 Series relays use the Select-Before-Operate (SBO) mechanism for local control of breakers and switches [IEC
61850-7-2]. Initially, the diagram can be browsed through all available breakers and switches by using the
navigation keys. After navigation, selection must be made for the breaker or switch object by pressing the Enter
key. After selecting the desired switch or breaker, control operations can then be carried out on the selected switch
or breaker. The relay allows local opening, closing, tagging, blocking, and bypassing. Front panel control is only
allowed when the relay is in Local Mode.

3.4.6.6.1 NAVIGATION
The SLD can be accessed in two ways from the front panel of the relay. The original location for the SLD pages is
under Status > Summary > SLD (Single Line Diagram) [x]. However, a more convenient way to access an SLD
page is by setting it as a default home screen at Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Home Screens > Home
Screen1. Pressing the home button more than once rotates through the configured home screens. If the desired
SLD is set to Home Screen 2 through Home Screen 10, it can be activated by pressing home button until it
appears on the screen. If no home screen is configured, the default screens become active. If the default screens
are disabled, Status > Summary > Values screen is shown.

3.4.6.6.2 BREAKER/SWITCH BROWSING AND SELECTION

While in the SLD screen, only one page is active at any point of time. If SLD1 is active, only breakers and switches
on SLD1 can be operated and controlled. By default, when entering the SLD menu, the screen displays SLD1.
SLD2 through SLD6 can be accessed through the navigation pushbuttons as shown in the Active element
selection with flash message figure, found later in this section.
To browse through the control elements on the SLD page, the navigation keys can be used. On the rugged front
panel, the up and down keys can be pressed for navigation and on the membrane front panel, up, down, left, and
right keys can be pressed. With the rugged front panel navigation, pressing down sequentially rotates through all

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the available breakers and switches on the screen. Pressing the up key rotates through in a reverse order. With the
membrane front panel, the up, down, left, and right keys can navigate to the closest breaker/switch depending on
the key press direction.

Figure 37: Navigation keys

While browsing through switches/breakers the active element is shown with a blue colored border around it. To
select a breaker/switch, the browsing indicator border must be around the desired breaker or switch. The breaker or
switch can then be selected by pressing the Enter key. As the breaker or switch is being selected, a flash message
appears indicating that the breaker or switch has been selected as shown in the following figure. Once the element
is selected for operation, the SLD control pushbuttons appear and the color of the highlighter will change to maroon
indicating that the breaker or switch is selected. By default, the control pushbuttons are programmed for Tag,
Block, and Bypass. For each control action, a flash message is displayed.

Figure 38: Active element selection with flash message

Browsing and selection is allowed only when the relay is in Local Mode and the user has security access of at least
operator level. To check if the relay is in local mode, look for an LM symbol on the task pane at the top of the
screen. Pressing navigation keys on SLD pages while in remote mode does nothing.
Control pushbuttons appearing on the SLD page are only active while a control object is selected.
The control object is deselected if you navigate to any screen other than the SLD or by pressing the Escape key. If
no action is taken after selection, the object is automatically deselected after the Bkr/Sw Select timeout setting
(Setpoints > Control > Control Mode > Bkr/Sw Select Timeout). Once deselected, the control pushbutton labels
return to the SLD page navigation labels and the color of the box around the object changes back to blue for
browsing. Pressing Escape once more removes the browsing highlight around the objects. If inactive during
browsing for the timeout setting (Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Message Timeout), the browsing highlight
around the object disappears. If an object is selected, Home button operation is prohibited. The object must be de-
selected by pressing Escape in order for the Home button to function.

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After upgrading from firmware versions 1.3x to 1.7x, the breaker/contactor starting/stopping operations from the
front panel now follow a select-before-operate mechanism. The breaker/contactor must be first selected by
browsing and pressing the Enter key for selection. Once selected, the function can be started or stopped with the
front panel’s pushbuttons.

3.4.6.6.3 CONTROL OPERATIONS

The control operations carried out through the front panel of the relay are done only in Local Mode (Setpoints >
Control > Local Control Mode > Local Mode). Opening and closing operations can be carried out by pressing the
Open and Close pushbuttons on the relay front panel. Other operations such as tagging, blocking and bypassing
can be carried out by pressing the control pushbuttons that appear after the control object selection.

Note:
Remote operations are allowed for opening, closing, blocking, and bypassing. Tagging must be done locally.
It is recommended that tagging is only used for maintenance purposes. When a breaker or a switch is tagged, it cannot be
bypassed although the letters By may appear below the element on SLD.
If breaker is selected and relay status is changed to Out-of-Service, the breaker control actions, such as tag, blocked, bypass
and open/close are blocked. The breaker may remain in the selected state, but no action can be executed.

Once the selected breaker or switch is tagged, a letter T appears below the associated element. Similarly, for
blocking, letter B appears and for bypassing, letters By appear below the associated breaker or switch as shown in
the last column of the following figure. The blocking and bypassing letters also appear if the breakers/switches are
blocked or bypassed remotely. These are linked to their respective breaker/switch in the SLD Configurator window
so that when that breaker/switch is deleted, the letters also get deleted.
Permitted breaker/switch operations are described in the following figure when various letter indications are present
under the control element.

Figure 39: Permitted operations

Note:
For bypassing select-before-operate to start and stop the motor, the Start Motor PB and Stop Motor PB settings can be
utilized under breaker/contactor control.

3.4.7 FLEXCURVE EDITOR

The FlexCurve Editor is designed to graphically view and edit the FlexCurve. The FlexCurve Editor screen is shown
as follows for FlexCurves A, B, C, and D:

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Figure 40: FlexCurve editor

● The Operate Curves are displayed, which can be edited by dragging the tips of the curves
● A Base curve can be plotted for reference, to customize the operating curve. The blue colored curve in the
picture is a reference curve. It can be Extremely Inverse, Definite Time, etc.
● The Trip (Reset and Operate) Times in the tables and curves work interactively i.e., changing the table value
affects the curve shape and vice versa.
● Save Configured Trip Times.
● Export Configured Trip Times to a CSV file
● Load Trip Times from a CSV File
● The screen above shows the model for viewing FlexCurves. Select Initialize to copy the trip times from the
selected curve to the FlexCurve.

3.4.8 TRANSIENT RECORDER (WAVEFORM CAPTURE)

EnerVista D&I Setup software can be used to capture waveforms (or view trace memory) from the relay at the
instance of a pickup, trip, alarm, or other condition.

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Note:
The COMTRADE Version used on 8 Series relays is C37.111-1999.

● With EnerVista D&I Setup software running and communications established, select the Records >
Transients > Transient Records menu item to open the Transient Recorder Viewer window.
● Click on Trigger to trigger a waveform capture.
● To view the captured waveforms, click on the Launch Viewer button. A detailed Waveform Capture window
appears as shown below.
● Click on the Save button to save the selected waveform to the local PC. A new window appears, requesting
the file name and path. One file is saved as a COMTRADE file, with the extension CFG. The other file is a
DAT file, required by the COMTRADE file for proper display of waveforms.
● To view a previously saved COMTRADE file, click the Open button and select the corresponding
COMTRADE file.

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Figure 41: Oscillography

● The red vertical line indicates the trigger point.
● The date and time of the trigger are displayed at the top left corner of the window. To match the captured
waveform with the event that triggered it, make note of the time and date shown in the graph, then find the

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event that matches the same time in the event recorder. The event record provides additional information on
the cause and system conditions at the time of the event.
● From the window main menu bar, press the Preference button

to open the COMTRADE Setup page, in order to change the graph attributes. Change the color of each
graph as desired and select other options as required by checking the appropriate boxes. Click OK to store
these graph attributes and to close the window. The Waveform Capture window reappears based on the
selected graph attributes.
● To view a vector graph of the quantities contained in the waveform capture, press the View Phasors button
to display the following window:

Figure 42: Vector graph

3.4.9 PROTECTION SUMMARY

Protection Summary is a single screen which holds the summarized information of different settings from Grouped
Elements and Monitoring Elements.
The Protection Summary Screen allows the user to:
● view the output relay assignments for the elements
● modify the output relay assignments for the elements
● view the Function status for the elements
● navigate to the respective element screen on a button click.
With EnerVista D&I Setup software running and communications established, select the Setpoints > Protection
Summary menu item to open the Protection Summary window.

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3.4.10 FLEXLOGIC FAVOURITES

With EnerVista D&I Setup software version 2.70 and above, use the FlexLogic Favourites to create a customized
list of FlexLogic operands that use Format Code FC142.
Select Edit FlexLogic Favourites from either the offline menu or the popup menu from an offline CID file to access
a screen where the FlexLogic Favourite list can be modified. The FlexLogic Favourites screen includes a left tree
that shows all the FlexLogic Operands available for the CID file. The right tree shows all the FlexLogic operands
included in the Favourites list.
In the FlexLogic Favourites screen, press the Smart Update button to examine the CID file. Any FlexLogic
operands associated with an enabled feature/element will be added to the FlexLogic Favourites list. Operands will
never be automatically removed from the Favourites list, but can be removed manually by selecting the operand
and pressing the << button. Operands can also be added to the Favourites list by selecting the operands in the left
tree and pressing the >> button.
Select the check-box to use FlexLogic Favourites in any screen with a setting that is configured using the FlexLogic
operand (FC142).
FlexLogic Favourites is enabled when the settings are shown in BOLD and the background color of the setting is
brighter.

3.4.11 OFFLINE SETTINGS FILE CONVERSION

EnerVista D&I Setup software supports conversion of offline settings files created in the SR Series platform. This
feature allows the conversion of existing offline setting files to 8 Series files.
EnerVista D&I Setup software reduces the manual effort required when moving from an older product to a newer
product. The settings file conversion feature takes an existing settings file and generates a new settings file
compatible with the relay specified with the order code. After the import is complete, the results are displayed in an
interactive results window.

3.4.11.1 CONVERTING LEGACY FILES

EnerVista D&I Setup software supports conversion of 369 file to 8-series settings files.
The conversion can only be initialized from the Offline/New Settings File commands located in the taskbar, as
follows:
1. In the menu taskbar, click on Offline and select the New Settings File item. The Create New Settings File
dialog box appears, which allows for the setpoint file conversion.
2. Select the Firmware Version and Order Code option for the new setpoint file.
3. For future reference, enter some useful information in the Description box to identify the device and purpose
for the file.
4. To select the file name and path for the new file, click the button beside the File Name box.
5. To select the SR settings file used for initialization, check the box to the left of Initialize Settings from SR
Settings File.
6. To locate and select the file to convert, click the ellipsis button beside the Initialize Settings from SR
Settings File box.
7. Click OK to begin the conversion and complete the process. Once this step is completed, the new file, with a
complete path, is added to the software environment.

3.4.11.2 CONVERSION SUMMARY REPORT

At the end of the conversion process, the results are summarized in a Settings Conversion Report.
The report is found under Device Definition in the offline file window.

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Note:
Print the Settings Conversion Report immediately following conversion for future reference in case the report is removed or
the settings are modified from the EnerVista D&I Setup software.

3.4.11.3 RESULTS WINDOW

The conversion summary results window has the following columns:
● SettingName: the same tree structure as in the offline window, but with status icons
● SettingValue: the converted value for the settings file
● Original SettingName: setting name of the input file
● Original SettingValue: setting value of the input file

Note:
All other settings available (not shown in the conversion report) in the file are set to default and must be verified before putting
the relay into service.
Settings in the results window are linked to setting screens. Click in the results window to navigate to the corresponding
settings window.

Status Icons
The status icons show the conversion results:

Manual configuration required

Successful conversion

Value is not supported

Print Report
If desired, the conversion summary report can be printed using the File/Print command in the taskbar or it can be
printed from the GUI print button.

Note:
Even if the report shows that a conversion has been successful (green checkbox icon), all settings must still be verified before
putting the relay in service.

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CYBERSECURITY
Chapter 4 - Cybersecurity

4.1 OVERVIEW
In the past, substation networks were traditionally isolated and the protocols and data formats used to transfer
information between devices were often proprietary.
For these reasons, the substation environment was very secure against cyber-attacks. The terms used for this
inherent type of security are:
● Security by isolation (if the substation network is not connected to the outside world, it cannot be accessed
from the outside world).
● Security by obscurity (if the formats and protocols are proprietary, it is very difficult to interpret them).

The increasing sophistication of protection schemes, coupled with the advancement of technology and the desire
for vendor interoperability, has resulted in standardisation of networks and data interchange within substations.
Today, devices within substations use standardised protocols for communication. Furthermore, substations can be
interconnected with open networks, such as the internet or corporate-wide networks, which use standardised
protocols for communication. This introduces a major security risk making the grid vulnerable to cyber-attacks,
which could in turn lead to major electrical outages.
Clearly, there is now a need to secure communication and equipment within substation environments. This chapter
describes the security measures that have been put in place for our range of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs).

Note:
Cybersecurity compatible devices do not enforce NERC compliance, they merely facilitate it. It is the responsibility of the user
to ensure that compliance is adhered to as and when necessary.

This chapter contains the following sections:

Overview 82
The Need for Cybersecurity 83
Standards 84
Cybersecurity Implementation 92
RBAC User Management Cybersecurity Configuration Tool 106

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4.2 THE NEED FOR CYBERSECURITY

Cybersecurity provides protection against unauthorised disclosure, transfer, modification, or destruction of
information or information systems, whether accidental or intentional. To achieve this, there are several security
requirements:
● Confidentiality (preventing unauthorised access to information)
● Integrity (preventing unauthorised modification)
● Availability/Authentication (preventing the denial of service and assuring authorised access to information)
● Non-repudiation (preventing the denial of an action that took place)
● Traceability/Detection (monitoring and logging of activity to detect intrusion and analyse incidents)

The threats to Cybersecurity may be unintentional (e.g. natural disasters, human error), or intentional (e.g. cyber-
attacks by hackers).
Good Cybersecurity can be achieved with a range of measures, such as closing down vulnerability loopholes,
implementing adequate security processes and procedures and providing technology to help achieve this.
Examples of vulnerabilities are:
● Indiscretions by personnel (users keep passwords on their computer)
● Bad practice (users do not change default passwords, or everyone uses the same password to access all
substation equipment)
● Bypassing of controls (users turn off security measures)
● Inadequate technology (substation is not firewalled)

Examples of availability issues are:

● Equipment overload, resulting in reduced or no performance
● Expiry of a certificate preventing access to equipment

To help tackle these issues, standards organisations have produced various standards. Compliance with these
standards significantly reduces the threats associated with lack of Cybersecurity.

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4.3 STANDARDS
There are several standards, which apply to substation Cybersecurity. The standards currently applicable to GE
Vernova's IED's are NERC and IEEE1686.

Standard Country Description

NERC CIP (North American Electric Reliability Framework for the protection of the grid critical Cyber
USA
Corporation) Assets
BDEW (German Association of Energy and Water Requirements for Secure Control and
Germany
Industries) Telecommunication Systems
ICS oriented then Relevant for EPU completing
ANSI ISA 99 USA existing standard and identifying new topics such as
patch management
International Standard for substation IED
IEEE 1686 International
Cybersecurity capabilities
IEC 62351 International Power system data and Comm. protocol
Framework for the protection of the grid critical Cyber
ISO/IEC 27002 International
Assets
NIST SP800-53 (National Institute of Standards and Complete framework for SCADA SP800-82and ICS
USA
Technology) Cybersecurity
CPNI Guidelines (Centre for the Protection of Clear and valuable good practices for Process
UK
National Infrastructure) Control and SCADA security

4.3.1 NERC COMPLIANCE

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) created a set of standards for the protection of critical
infrastructure. These are known as the CIP standards (Critical Infrastructure Protection). These were introduced to
ensure the protection of 'Critical Cyber Assets', which control or have an influence on the reliability of North
America’s electricity generation and distribution systems.
These standards have been compulsory in the USA for several years now. Compliance auditing started in June
2007, and utilities face extremely heavy fines for non-compliance.

NERC CIP standards

CIP Standard Description

CIP-002-1 Critical Cyber Assets Define and document the Critical Assets and the Critical Cyber Assets
Define and document the Security Management Controls required to protect
CIP-003-1 Security Management Controls
the Critical Cyber Assets
Define and Document Personnel handling and training required protecting
CIP-004-1 Personnel and Training
Critical Cyber Assets
Define and document logical security perimeters where Critical Cyber Assets
CIP-005-1 Electronic Security reside. Define and document measures to control access points and monitor
electronic access
Define and document Physical Security Perimeters within which Critical Cyber
CIP-006-1 Physical Security
Assets reside
Define and document system test procedures, account and password
CIP-007-1 Systems Security Management management, security patch management, system vulnerability, system
logging, change control and configuration required for all Critical Cyber Assets
CIP-008-1 Incident Reporting and Response Define and document procedures necessary when Cybersecurity Incidents
Planning relating to Critical Cyber Assets are identified

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CIP Standard Description

CIP-009-1 Recovery Plans Define and document Recovery plans for Critical Cyber Assets

4.3.1.1 CIP 002

CIP 002 concerns itself with the identification of:
● Critical assets, such as overhead lines and transformers
● Critical cyber assets, such as IEDs that use routable protocols to communicate outside or inside the
Electronic Security Perimeter; or are accessible by dial-up

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

Create the list of the assets We can help the power utilities to create this asset register automatically.
We can provide audits to list the Cyber assets

4.3.1.2 CIP 003

CIP 003 requires the implementation of a Cybersecurity policy, with associated documentation, which demonstrates
the management’s commitment and ability to secure its Critical Cyber Assets.
The standard also requires change control practices whereby all entity or vendor-related changes to hardware and
software components are documented and maintained.

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

To create a Cybersecurity policy We can help the power utilities to have access control to its critical assets by
providing centralized Access control.
We can help the customer with its change control by providing a section in the
documentation where it describes changes affecting the hardware and software.

4.3.1.3 CIP 004

CIP 004 requires that personnel with authorized cyber access or authorized physical access to Critical Cyber
Assets, (including contractors and service vendors), have an appropriate level of training.

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

To provide appropriate training of its personnel We can provide Cybersecurity training

4.3.1.4 CIP 005

CIP 005 requires the establishment of an Electronic Security Perimeter (ESP), which provides:
● The disabling of ports and services that are not required
● Permanent monitoring and access to logs (24x7x365)
● Vulnerability Assessments (yearly at a minimum)
● Documentation of Network Changes

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

To monitor access to the ESP To disable all ports not used in the IED
To perform the vulnerability assessments To monitor and record all access to the IED
To document network changes

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4.3.1.5 CIP 006

CIP 006 states that Physical Security controls, providing perimeter monitoring and logging along with robust access
controls, must be implemented and documented. All cyber assets used for Physical Security are considered critical
and should be treated as such:

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

Provide physical security controls and perimeter monitoring GE Vernova cannot provide additional help with this aspect
Ensure that people who have access to critical cyber assets
don’t have criminal records

4.3.1.6 CIP 007

CIP 007 covers the following points:
● Test procedures
● Ports and services
● Security patch management
● Antivirus
● Account management
● Monitoring
● An annual vulnerability assessment should be performed

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

Test procedures, we can provide advice and help on testing
Ports and services, our devices can disable unused ports and
services
To provide an incident response team and have
Security patch management, we can provide assistance
appropriate processes in place
Antivirus, we can provide advise and assistance
Account management, we can provide advice and assistance
Monitoring, our equipment monitors and logs access

4.3.1.7 CIP 008

CIP 008 requires that an incident response plan be developed, including the definition of an incident response team,
their responsibilities and associated procedures.

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

To provide an incident response team and have appropriate

GE Vernova cannot provide additional help with this aspect.
processes in place.

4.3.1.8 CIP 009

CIP 009 states that a disaster recovery plan should be created and tested with annual drills.

Power Utility Responsibilities GE Vernova's Contribution

To implement a recovery plan To provide guidelines on recovery plans and backup/restore documentation

4.3.2 IEEE 1686-2013

IEEE 1686-2013 is an IEEE Standard for substation IEDs' Cybersecurity capabilities. It proposes practical and
achievable mechanisms to achieve secure operations.

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The following features described in this standard apply:

● Passwords are 8 characters long and can contain upper-case, lower-case, numeric and special characters.
● Passwords are never displayed or transmitted to a user.
● IED functions and features are assigned to different password levels. The assignment is fixed.
● The audit trail is recorded, listing events in the order in which they occur, held in a circular buffer.
● Records contain all defined fields from the standard and record all defined function event types where the
function is supported.
● No password defeat mechanism exists. Instead a secure recovery password scheme is implemented.
● Unused ports (physical and logical) may be disabled.

4.3.3 IEC 62351

IEC 62351 is a standard developed for handling the security of IEC TC 57 series of protocols including IEC 60870-
5 series, IEC 60870-6 series, IEC 61850 series, IEC 61970 series & IEC 61968 series. The different security
objectives include authentication of data transfer through digital signatures, ensuring only authenticated access,
prevention of eavesdropping, prevention of playback and spoofing, and intrusion detection.
The Roles described in chapter 62351-8 apply. The table below shows predefined roles, IDs and permissions
assignment according to it:

PERMISSION

SETTINGGROUP
LISTOBJECTS

READVALUES

ROLE NAME
REPORTING

VALUE
(READ)

FILEMNGT
(REVISION =1)

SECURITY
FILEREAD

CONTROL
DATASET

CONFIG
<0> VIEWER x C x C1

<1> OPERATOR x x x C1 x x

<2> ENGINEER x x x X1 X1 X1 x x

<3> INSTALLER x x x X2 X2 x x

<4> SECADM x x X4 X4 X4 x x

<5> SECAUD x x x X1

<6> RBACMNT x x X4 x

<7> (*1) ADMINISTRATOR x x x x x x x x x x

<7, …, 32767> RESERVED For future use of IEC defined roles.

<-32768, …, -1> PRIVATE Defined by external agreement. Not guaranteed to be interoperable.

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PERMISSION

SETTINGGROUP
LISTOBJECTS

READVALUES
ROLE NAME

REPORTING
VALUE

(READ)

FILEMNGT
(REVISION =1)

SECURITY
FILEREAD

CONTROL
DATASET

CONFIG
C = Conditional read access, clarification of specific data objects might be necessary (e.g., VIEWER may not access security
settings, but process values)
C1 = Conditional read access to files or filetype data
X1 = Access to files of type data and config
X2 = Access to files of type config and firmware (updates)
X3 = Access to files of type audit log
X4 = Access to files of type security (config)
(*1) ADMINISTRATOR is a LEGACY predefined role containing full permissions assignation. The ADMINISTRATOR is a pre-
configured role using the <7> first available IEC RESERVED role. The role ID value is configurable in EnerVista for all roles
(but the first 6 currently fixed by the standard), so the user can change the ID to another value if needed (from 7 till 32767 and
from -1 till -32768).

Permissions Definition
As there is not enough granularity in the permissions to accomplish all the filters and assignments to the different
roles, some new permissions have been added to the ones predefined by the standard, e.g. to differentiate the
FILEMNGM, the FW Upgrade, etc.
Below is the list of permissions implemented:

Permission ID Name Comment

1 LISTOBJECTS View settings names/traverse settings (except security settings)
2 READVALUES View non security settings values, view PSL, view 61850
3 DATASET Configure and edit 61850
4 REPORTING View status, metering
5 FILEREAD Read configuration file, read events reports, read waveforms reports, read fault
reports, read disturbance records
6 FILEWRITE Write configuration file, create/edit configuration project, import SCL
7 FILEMNGT Clear records, restore defaults, export SCL, delete configuration project
8 CONTROL Command Breaker, Reset
9 CONFIG View non security settings, edit/configure all non-security settings, configure and Edit
61850, save settings
10 SETTINGGROUP View non security settings, modify group control settings
11 SECURITY View and modify security settings view, configure security, modify users and rbac

12 (*) FILEREAD_SEC Read sec audit log

13 (*) FILEMNGT_SEC Access to files of type security (config)
14 (*) FWUPGRADE Firmware upgrade

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Note:
(*) ID's 1 to 11 are the set of permissions predefined by the standard, available for all device firmware releases.
ID’s 12 to 14 are new customized permissions added, available from 08A release on.

With this permissions definition the roles are defined as follow:

Legacy Roles (Basic Security)

ID Role Permissions
0 VIEWER 1, 2, 4, 5
1 ADMINISTRATOR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
2 ENGINEER 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
3 OPERATOR 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10

Standard Roles (Advanced Security):

ID Role Permissions
0 (*1) VIEWER 1, 2, 4, 5
1 (*1) OPERATOR 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10
2 (*1) ENGINEER 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10
3 (*1) INSTALLER 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14
4 (*1) SECADM 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13
5 (*1) SECAUD 1, 2, 4, 12
6 (*1) RBACMNT 1, 2, 9, 13
7 (*2) ADMINISTRATOR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

Note:
(*1) Role defined by the standard.

Note:
(*2) ADMINISTRATOR is a predefined role containing full permissions assignation. The ADMINISTRATOR role is pre-
configured using the <7> first available IEC RESERVED role.

There are two Cybersecurity options available in the Cortec.

Basic Security where there are 4 fixed roles/users: Administrator, Engineer, Operator and Viewer.
Administrator: Has all the permissions to perform a firmware upgrade, change of parameters, change of security
settings, CID read/write, read data files, issue commands, and read all the values from the device.
Engineer: Change of parameters, CID read/write, read data files, issue commands, and read values from the
device.
Operator: Issue commands and read values of the device.
Viewer: This user can only read values from the device.

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In Advanced Security the device has up to 20 configurable users. Each user will have a configurable username and
password, and it could select one role from the standard and new user defined roles. As stated in the standard,
there is the possibility to redefine new roles, adjusting the name, ID and permissions for each new defined role.
There is no possibility of role combination.
For more detailed information of users and rights/permission definition see the list below:
User/Role Definition:
VIEWER (*1): Can view what objects are present within a Logical-Device by presenting the type ID of those objects.
OPERATOR (*1): An operator can view what objects and values are present within a Logical Device by presenting
the type ID of those objects as well as perform control actions.
ENGINEER (*1): An engineer can view what objects and values are present within a Logical Device by presenting
the type ID of those objects. Moreover, an engineer has full access to DateSets and Files and can configure the
server locally or remotely.
INSTALLER (*2): An installer can view what objects and values are present within a Logical Device by presenting
the type ID of those objects. Moreover, an installer can write files and can configure the server locally or remotely.
SECADM (*2): Security administrator can change subject-to-role assignments (outside the device) and role-to-right
assignment (inside the device) and validity periods; change security setting such as certificates for subject
authentication and access token verification.
SECAUD (*2): Security auditor can view audit logs.
RBACMNT (*2): RBAC management can change role-to-right assignment.
ADMINISTRATOR (*1): Has All read/write access.
RESERVED (*2): This user/role can be defined by the user adjusting name, ID and permissions for each new
defining role.

Note:
(*1) Roles applying to both Basic and Advanced Cybersecurity.

Note:
(*2) Roles only applying to Advanced Cybersecurity.

Rights/Permissions Definition:
● VIEW/LISTOBJECTS (*1): Allows the subject/role to discover what objects are present within a Logical
Device by presenting the type ID of those objects.
● READ/READVALUES (*1): Allows the subject/role to obtain all or some of the values in addition to the type
and ID of objects that are present within a Logical-Device.
● DATASET (*1): Allows the subject/role to have full management rights for both permanent and non-
permanent DataSets.
● REPORTING (*1): Allows a subject/role to use buffered reporting as well as un-buffered reporting.
● FILEREAD (*1): Allows the subject/role to have read rights for file objects.
● FILEWRITE (*1): Allows the subject/role to have write rights for file objects. This right includes the FILEREAD
right.
● FILEMNGT (*1): Allows the role to transfer files to the Logical-Device, as well as delete existing files on the
Logical- Device.
● CONTROL (*1): Allows a subject to perform control operations.
● CONFIG (*1): Allows a subject to locally or remotely configure certain aspects of the server.
● SETTINGGROUP (*1): Allows a subject to remotely configure Settings Groups.

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● SECURITY (*1): Allows a subject/role to perform security functions at both a Server/Service Access Point
and Logical-Device basis.
● FILEREAD_SEC (*2): Allows a subject/role to read sec audit log.
● FILEMNGT_SEC (*2): Allows a subject/role to access to files of type security (config).
● FWUPGRADE (*2): Allows a subject/role to perform firmware upgrade.

Note:
(*1) Standard defined permissions. Available for all device firmware releases.

Note:
(*2) New customized permissions added. Available from 4.20 release on.

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4.4 CYBERSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION

GE Vernova's products have always been and will continue to be equipped with state-of-the-art security measures.
Due to the ever-evolving communication technology and new threats to security, this requirement is not static.
Hardware and software security measures are continuously being developed and implemented to mitigate the
associated threats and risks.
This section describes the current implementation of Cybersecurity. The bulk of the implementation consists of
RBAC (Role Based Access Control) Cybersecurity mode, Centralised Authentication, Remote Logging and System
Hardening. The features are compliant with NERC-CIPv6 and IEEE 1686. This is valid for the release of platform
software to which this manual pertains.

Figure 43: Cybersecurity implementation

Two levels of Cybersecurity are available:

● Basic Cybersecurity
● Advanced Cybersecurity
Basic Cybersecurity includes the following security features:
● Device/Local Authentication
● Four-level access: Fixed local users and roles (Administrator, Engineer, Operator, Viewer)
● ByPass Access
● Password complexity
● Disabling of unused physical and logical ports
● Flag for Failed authentication
● User lockout for configurable period
● Inactivity time out

Advanced security includes additional security features as follows:

● Remote/Server Authentication (supports RADIUS and Legacy LDAP)
● Local authentication with up to 20 configurable users, with configurable roles, username and passwords
● Secure encrypted communication (Modbus/SSH, SFTP)
● Syslog
● Increased product hardening

4.4.1 RBAC FUNCTIONALITY

Role based access control, RBAC, is the core of session management. Every login attempt will connect to the
RBAC service and it will allow or deny the login of the user.

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In Basic Security, default connection is done as Viewer, without password requirement.

In case of Advanced Security, a username and password will be required. If the login is successful, the access level
will correspond to the role defined to this user.
The user cannot change its own role. So, in case of more rights needed, another different user with the
corresponding role should be logged in.
The maximum number of concurrent sessions is only one for all roles, except of Viewer role, which has the limit of 5
sessions.
There is a session timeout adjustable by settings. This timeout means that open sessions are automatically closed if
they remain inactive till the timer elapses. This inactivity timer defines the period that IED waits in idleness before a
logged in user will be automatically logged out. This timeout is different for HMI interface and other interfaces
(Serial, Ethernet, etc).
There is a lockout period adjustable by settings. For each account, when a maximum number of failed login
attempts is reached, it is locked during the specified period. It doesn’t matter the interface the login comes from.
The account will be unlocked at the first successful login passed the lockout period.
If the Authentication Method setting is changed, the logged in user will be forced to logout.

4.4.2 BASIC SECURITY IMPLEMENTATION

4.4.2.1 DEVICE/LOCAL AUTHENTICATION

In Device Authentication mode, IED provide local RBAC Server security. The IED supports unique device
usernames, and stores device passwords securely. For password encryption, PBKDF2 with SHA256 and a unique
64bits salt per user is used.
Only Administrator can change other user’s passwords. All device users can change their own passwords. For
password reset/recovery procedure the Administrator role will be required.
Viewer access level has no password associated and is the default connection to the device. Default password for
Administrator, Engineer and Operator access levels is 0.

4.4.2.2 FOUR-LEVEL ACCESS

Basic IED Security supports 4 fixed roles: Administrator, Engineer, Operator and Viewer. The fixed local usernames
match with these roles.
All the roles are password protected except the Viewer. A Viewer connection is directly logged in without entering a
password using front panel or any communication port.
The different features of each role or access level are shown in the table below, for Basic Security (Legacy):

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Feature Administrator Engineer Operator Viewer

Security settings RW R R R

Change own PW Yes Yes Yes X

Change own PW (Advanced security) Yes Yes Yes Yes

Create New/Modify users, assign roles (advanced

RW X X X
security OC)
Settings
Non-Security settings RW RW R R

FlexLogic RW RW R R

IEC 61850 settings RW RW R R

Factory Settings X X X X

Date change RW RW X X

BKR related RW RW RW X

Commands
Clear records RW X X X

Restore Defaults RW X X X

RESET W W W X
Config File read R R R R
File
Config File write W W X X
Firmware Upgrade W X X X
Upload FW W X X X
Status R R R R
Actual Values
Metering R R R R
Events R R R R
Reports Waveforms R R R R
Security Audit log R R X X

4.4.2.3 BYPASS ACCESS

This feature allows security authentication to be bypassed. Once this setting is anything other than Disabled, the
user gets Administrator access rights on the configured interface for the period of time when the SETPOINT
ACCESS setting is On. For example, if user configures BYPASS ACCESS as Local, then no user authentication is
needed to access the device over USB or HMI when SETPOINT ACCESS is On. Another option is to configure
BYPASS ACCESS as HMI only - enabling the user to view and modify all settings, view actual values or execute
commands. The use of this feature should be restricted only in commissioning phase or when it is considered safe.

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4.4.2.4 ENHANCED PASSWORD SECURITY

When Password complexity setpoint is set to 'Enabled”, it allows user to configure password strings which adhere to
complexity rules defined below. When the setting is configured as 'Disabled” then user can change the password to
any string with max length of 20 characters.
Password complexity has the following features:
● Passwords cannot contain the user's account name or parts of the user's full name that exceed two
consecutive characters.
● Must be at least 8 characters in length. Max length can be 20 ASCII char
● Passwords must contain characters from all four categories:
○ English uppercase characters (A through Z).
○ English lowercase characters (a through z).
○ Numeric: Base 10 digits (0 through 9).
○ Special non-alphanumeric (such as @,!,#,{, but not limited to only those, etc.)
The IED supports encryption for passwords. The encryption algorithm used is PBKDF2 with SHA256 and a unique
64bits salt per user, where this salt is generated randomly.

4.4.2.5 DISABLING PHYSICAL AND LOGICAL PORTS

To secure your system it is advised to harden the product (product hardening) by disabling the unused protocols
and physical ports. This is the simplest method to ensure lesser security risk. The IED offers possibility to enable or
disable protocols / ports based on the usage.
The IED supports the ability to turn off any of the following specific physical ports:
● front USB serial port
● rear port RS485
● Ethernet port

The IED supports the ability to turn off any of the following specific communication protocols:
● IEC 61850 (MMS and GOOSE)
● Modbus RTU
● Modbus TCP
● DNP3oE
● DNP3 Serial
● IEC 60870-5-103
● TFTP

Time synchronization protocols can be selectively enabled/disabled based on the configuration.

● IRIG-B
● SNTP

Services Port Type Port Numbers

Modbus TCP TCP 502
TCP 20000
DNP3oE
UDP 20000
IEC 61850 (MMS) TCP 102
TFTP UDP 69

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Services Port Type Port Numbers

SFTP (SSH) TCP 22

Note:
For data protocols, service availability and detailed information, refer to the Communication Interfaces section in the
Communications chapter.

4.4.2.6 NON-ENCRYPTED/CLEAR TEXT MODBUS

Due to customers’ requests to use 'plain' or 'non-encrypted' Modbus communication with SCADA applications for
certain scenarios, the Modbus TCP setting under the DEVICE\COMMUNICATIONS\MODBUS path supports the
following options:
Disabled: when the Modbus TCP setting is set to Disabled, the port 502 will be closed.
Enabled: when the Modbus TCP setting is set to Enabled, the legitimate user can read or write over plain Modbus
using port 502 on successful authentication.
Read-Only (*): when the Modbus TCP setting is set to Read-Only, the legitimate user can only read over plain
Modbus using port 502.
By default, the Modbus TCP Setting is set to Enabled.
User with 'Administrator' role can configure this setting. Once the setting is configured to other than Disabled, the
IED will allow communication with a 3rd party SCADA application in plain text Modbus over port 502. Also, for
configuration change, the relay will register a security event to identify the user.

Note:
EnerVista Configuration software will always communicate with the IED over SSH using port 22.

Note:
(*) Read-Only option only available for Basic Cybersecurity Cortec options. Advanced Cybersecurity will have just Disabled
and Enabled options.

4.4.2.7 SECURITY EVENTS

Security Events can be displayed in EnerVista Configuration software at RECORDS\SECURITY EVENTS path.
'securelog.csv' file stores security events information. A total of minimum 1024 events are stored in a circular buffer
in non-volatile memory. Once the file reaches its max limit, oldest event Will get over-written by newest security
event.
The security events information supported & stored in events file for each event contains: Priority, Version,
Timestamp, Host, Process Name, Message Id, IEC@41912 ID, Text and UsrID.
The timestamp is the UTC time.
This file will be stored on the IED and will be accessible from EnerVista Configuration software for user with
“Administrator” role. For Basic security, this is the only file to give security audit information to user. And this file will
be useful for advanced security user if in case syslog is not configured or non-functional due to some issue.

Note:
For 4.20 firmware release, the security events can be visualized at RECORDS\SECURITY EVENTS path. Security Events files
(securelog) are available for download, in "csv" and "txt" format, from the Service Report zip file that can be downloaded from
the Online Window of the EnerVista Configuration software, clicking on the last icon from the right, called "Service Report".

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4.4.3 ADVANCED CYBERSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION

In advanced cybersecurity device authentication, all users: Viewer, Administrator, Engineer and Operator, need to
enter username as well as password to get access privileges. Default advanced cybersecurity password is
ChangeMe1#.
For early firmware releases: The Advance Cybersecurity was built on top of Basic Cybersecurity, providing Basic
Cybersecurity options plus extra properties for Advance Cybersecurity that were not available in Basic
Cybersecurity.
For later firmware releases: Basic Cybersecurity is a legacy implementation. Advance Cybersecurity is a separate
Cybersecurity implementation fully configurable following the IEC 62351-8 standard.

4.4.3.1 PERMISSIONS VS ACCESS MATRIX/PERMISSION ASSIGNMENT

In Basic (legacy) security the access is managed with a matrix table based on roles (see Four-level Access in Basic
Security Implementation section).
In Advanced Security the access is managed through permission set. The following table shows the different
features managed by EnerVista Configuration software, and the permissions that the user shall have in order to
write or read values in the different screens:

Feature Write Permissions ID Read Permission ID

Settings Security settings 11+13 11+13
Change own PW Current User N.A.
Change all PW 13 13
Create new/modify users, assign roles (advanced 13 13
security)
Non-security settings 9 2
Flexlogic 9 2
IEC 61850 settings 3 2
Settings group 10 2
Commands Data change 9 N.A.
BKR related 8 N.A.
Clear records 7 N.A.
Restore defaults 7 N.A.
RESET 8 N.A.
File Operations Config file 6 5
Firmware Upgrade Firmware upgrade 14 N.A.
Actual Values Status N.A. 2
Metering N.A. 2
Reports Events N.A. 5
Waveforms N.A. 5
Security audit logs N.A. 12

Note:
For permissions definition see Permission Definition table in IEC 62351 section.

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4.4.3.2 SERVER/REMOTE AUTHENTICATION

The Server/Remote Authentication implementation varies between earlier releases and later releases.
For early firmware releases: The Server Authentication Mode uses only RADIUS.
Where the following RADIUS servers can be set as customer’s central authentication server:
● FreeRADIUS server
● Microsoft NPS server
● RSA Authentication Manager

And where the RADIUS implementation supports the following authentication protocols:
● PEAPv0 with inner authentication method MS-CHAPv2 (To support Microsoft NPS server)
● EAP-TTLS with inner authentication method PAP (To support RSA AM)
● EAP with inner authentication method GTC (To support RSA AM)
● PAP (unsecured, to support any RADIUS server)

For later firmware releases 4.20: The Server Authentication Mode can use either RADIUS or LDAP where:
RADIUS:
Servers used as a central authentication server can be:
● FreeRADIUS server
● RSA Authentication Manager

Implementation supports the authentication protocols:

● PEAPv0 with inner authentication method MS-CHAPv2
● EAP-TTLS with inner authentication method PAP (To support RSA AM)
● PAP (unsecured, to support any RADIUS server)

LDAP:
Servers used as a central authentication server can be:
● Microsoft Active Directory server
● OpenLDAP

Implementation supports the authentication protocols:

● TCP
● STARTTLS

4.4.3.3 SERVER/REMOTE AUTHENTICATION (RADIUS)

In Server Authentication mode, the IED authenticates the user using RADIUS server. RADIUS client resides in the
product and connects to the RADIUS server.
Customer can use any of the following RADIUS servers as their central authentication server
● FreeRADIUS server
● RSA Authentication Manager

RADIUS users and passwords are created in the server (in the Active Directory). Each RADIUS user should have a
password (that meets the password policy of the Active Directory) and specific role assigned to in the Active
Directory.
The relay supports 2 servers in the configuration for redundancy. The IED will try each in sequence until one
respond. When the first RADIUS server is unavailable, the next server in the list is tried for RADIUS Authentication.

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Groups User
Access Request
User login RADIUS
IED Client
Access
Accept
(User Role)
User RADIUS Server Active Directory

V01100

Figure 44: RADIUS server/client communication

The IED will first try the server 1 up to the configured number of retries leaving request timeout between each
request. After this point, if it still does not have a valid answer from server 1, it switches to server 2 and repeats for
up to the number of configured retries again. If it maxes out on retries on the second server, it gives up entirely on
Server Authentication and fallback to device authentication (Only if Authentication Method Server and Device is
selected). A "RADIUS Server unavailable" security event is also logged under this condition.
IED will authenticate and authorize RADIUS users using the following authentication stack:
● Primary Radius if enabled (stop on invalid credential failure, continue all other failures)
● Secondary Radius if enabled (stop on invalid credential failure, continue all other failures) The RADIUS
implementation supports the following authentication protocols:

● PEAPv0 with inner authentication method MS-CHAPv2 (To support Microsoft NPS server)
● EAP-TTLS with inner authentication method PAP (To support RSA AM)
● PAP (unsecured, to support any RADIUS server)

The RADIUS implementation will query the Role ID vendor attribute and establish the logged in user security
context with that role.
In case of Server Authentication mode but if the RADIUS server is not operational, IED will try Device
Authentication.

Note:
For release 4.20 and later, the default security settings are different to releases 4.10 and prior, (e.g., RADIUS Port Prim and
Sec settings in 4.20 release are 2083, whereas in 4.10 they are 1812). Check the 4.20 default values set in your device and
update them to the value needed for your security configuration.

4.4.3.4 SERVER/REMOTE AUTHENTICATION (LEGACY LDAP PULL MODEL)

The relay supports Legacy LDAP Pull Model. The PULL model with LDAP is explained in the IEC 62351-8 section.
In legacy projects will an LDAP repository (e.g., Windows Active Directory), RBAC information is limited to roles,
and they are returned in a simple LDAP response after successful authentication of the user. The relay implements
this legacy usage of LDAP.

RBAC and Legacy LDAP

In the RBAC model, users are assigned to roles through which they acquire permissions. A mapping between these
generic permissions and device-specific actions is used to determine if a user has the right to perform a given
action on a resource (object).

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The RBAC data that changes more frequently is stored outside the device in an idendity provider repositoy which is
the LDAP server in this case. This data includes user credentials, roles and associations between users and roles.
The table below explains the RBAC data versus LDAP data representation:

RBAC Data LDAP Data

subject (user) user
password password
role group
role-user association membership (of a user in a group)

Communication Protocols
The implementation of LDAP supports two protocols: TCP and TCP over TLS, and For TCP over TLS supports
STARTTLS.
TLSv 1.2 and above are supported. TLS versions below 1.2 are not supported.

LDAP Query and Access Token

For an already authenticated user, LDAP returns a token containing IEC 62351-8 groups that the user is a member
of upon request (LDAP search request).
For better performance (faster queries) and to forge the correct LDAP query, the following input is required:
● users OU: The organizational unit where users reside. It is assumed that even in an existing LDAP server
like Active Directory with a large number of users, users all reside in the same organizational unit.
● roles OU: The organizational unit where groups reside. Again, it is assumed that roles reside in one OU
dedicated to this purpose.
● base DN: Ideally the nearest node to the above OUs that is also a direct or indirect parent of both. In fact, this
value is used to limit the search area for user-group memberships. Consequently, both users and roles OU
must be part of this domain.

The following figure shows an example LDAP tree:

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V80018

Figure 45: LDAP tree example

For the data structure shown above, the following shall be provided:
● user OU: ou=DSusers,ou=DSAgile,dc=example, dc=com
● roles OU: ou=DSroles,ou=DSAgile,dc=example, dc=om
● based DN: ou=DSAgile,dc=example,dc=com

Note:
For the base DN, we can also provide dc=example, dc=com but it will result in lower performance as the search area will be
expanded unnecessarily.

Note:
In EnerVista configuration software user DN, roles DN and Based DN are to be provided for LDAP configuration. DN provided
the full path, where OU provides the local path.

Configuration
The LDAP client in the device is configured using the "RBAC UserManagement" configuration tool embedded in the
EnerVista configuration tool. For more information See LDAP configuration in the EnerVista configuration tool
chapter.

Main and Backup Servers

Up to two LDAP servers can be defined. They will be called main and backup servers respectively. The main server
is mandatory, and the backup server is optional.
At initialization, the main server is set as the working server.

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If the main server becomes unavailable:

● The backup server is set as the working server.
● When the main server is up again, it will become the working server always taking precedence over the
backup server.
● If the backup server also becomes inaccessible, the device will switch to local fallback mode.
● When the backup server is up again, it will become the working server and it will switch back to the remote
mode, e.g. Legacy LDAP.

Summary:
● The main server always takes precedence over the backup server.
● Local fallback happens only when both servers are down.

An LDAP server can be considered down for a variety of reasons such as:
● It cannot be reached due to network issues or hardware issues.
● A secure TLS tunnel cannot be established due to a certificate issue, e.g., missing, invalid or revoked
certificate, when communication protocol is set to StartTLS.

4.4.4 UNIQUE CONFIGURABLE USERNAMES

In 'Advanced Security', the user can configure up to 20 configurable user accounts. As part of this, user can
configure a Username (length can be up to 20 ASCII char), Password for the username (in compliance with the
Password complexity) and assign a supported user role (range: Administrator, Engineer, Operator, Viewer, any
other role configured by the user).
The 'Administrator' is eligible to configure various accounts and modify passwords for all available accounts. Non-
Admin users can only modify their own account password.
It is recommended to have more than one 'Administrator' account.

4.4.5 SECURE ENCRYPTED COMMUNICATION

4.4.5.1 MODBUS/SSH
Secure Shell (SSH) protocol provides a secure channel over an unsecured network by using a client-
server architecture. The SSH server reside in the IED. It securely encrypts the Modbus commands and data
between the Toolsuite and itself using port forwarding.
SSH architecture is described in RFC4251 and is composed of three components:
● The transport Layer protocol (SSH-TRANS) – RFC 4253
● The User Authentication Protocol (SSH-USERAUTH) – RFC 4252
● The Connection Protocol (SSH-CONNECT) – RFC 4254

The port forwarding feature is available only on TCP/IP frames. UDP is not supported. The SSH server on the
product runs on port 22.
It supports the Encryption Ciphers: RSA 2048, AES-128-CBC or AES-128-GCM, HMAC-SHA-256.
The SSH server has a timeout for authentication and disconnect if the authentication has not been accepted within
the timeout period.

4.4.5.2 SFTP
SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) is the file transfer protocol used with SSHv2. Provides secure file access, file
transfer, and file management.

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The SFTP commands will be limited for a given period of time to avoid DOS attacks and also implement role-based
access to the file.

4.4.6 SYSLOG
The IED supports security event reporting through the Syslog protocol for supporting Security Information Event
Management (SIEM) systems for centralized cyber security Monitoring over UDP and TCP protocols.

Figure 46: Syslog implementation

2 Syslog servers are supported in the configuration for redundancy. The IED will try each in sequence until one
respond.
The IED logs to a remote syslog server:
● User log events, whether successful or unsuccessful
● Error log events
● Kernel error log events

Syslog Events
Cyber Security
IEC Text (Single Space
Event Numerical
Mnemonic LogType Severity Between Each Reference and Comments
version Event Identifier
Consecutive Words)
(ID)
LOGIN_OK IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC 62351-14:1 Log-in successful [IEEE 1686] specifies event logging for user
successful login. In general, [IEC 62443-4-2]
requires audit logs for access control.
LOGIN_OK_PW_EXPIRED IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC 62351-14:2 Password expired, Log-in successful [NERC-CIP-007-5] requires security policy. In
case the entity local security policy allows a
user to still login in, the course of its password
expiry such as for handling a critical
emergency situation, then this event would be
useful. In general, [IEC 62443-4-2] requires
audit logs for access control.
LOGIN_FAIL_WRONG_CR IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC 62351-14:3 Log-in failed - wrong credentials [NERC-CIP-007-5] requires cyber security
respective logging for both successful and
failed user logins. In general, [IEC 62443-4-2]
requires audit logs for access control.
LOGIN_FAIL_3_TIMES IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC 62351-14:5 Log-in failed 3 times [IEEE 1686] Although [IEEE 1686] mentions
to log an event after 3 unsuccessful access
attempts, the earlier this anomaly is logged
the better cyber secured an entity can be.

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Cyber Security
IEC Text (Single Space
Event Numerical
Mnemonic LogType Severity Between Each Reference and Comments
version Event Identifier
Consecutive Words)
(ID)
LOGIN_FAIL_SESSIONS_LIMIT IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC 62351-14:6 Log-in failed too many user sessions [IEEE 1686] [NERC-CIP-007-5] requires
cyber security respective logging for both
successful and failed user logins. In general,
[IEC 62443-4-2] requires audit logs for access
control.
LOCK_USER_WRONG_CR IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC 62351-14:7 User locked - wrong credentials [NERC-CIP-007-6] recommends limiting the
number of unsuccessful access attempts and
suggests measures for account lockout. In
case the entity local security policy restricts its
access to a user for a certain duration of time
due to repeated certain failed number of
logins attempts from that user, then it is
necessary to generate a corresponding event.
This type of event improves the security of an
entity by reducing the brute force attack
surface from an attacker.
LOGOUT_USER IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC 62351-14:8 Log-out (user logged out) [IEEE 1686] specifies event logging for user
initiated log out.
LOGOUT_TIMEOUT IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC 62351-14:9 Log-out by user inactivity (timeout) [IEEE 1686] specifies event logging for user
when the user is inactive after logging in for a
certain duration of time.
SW_UPDATE_OK IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC 62351-14:14 Software update was successful [IEEE 1686] requires audit logging for
firmware related aspects. A software is
generic that also includes firmware.
SW_UPDATE_FAIL IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC 62351-14:15 Software update failed

SYSLOG_EVENT_SETTING_CHANGE IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC 62351-14:1 Setting change Setting change'. An event to indicate setting
change(s). Origin: Username and IP address.
SYSLOG_EVENT_CLEAR_EVENT_RECORDS IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC62351-14:1 Clear events 'Clear events command'. Clear event records
command was issued. Origin: Username and
IP address.
SYSLOG_EVENT_CLEAR_TRANSIENT_RECORDS IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC62351-14:1 Clear transient records 'Clear transient records command'. Clear
transient records command was issued.
Origin: Username and IP address.
SYSLOG_EVENT_MODBUSTCP_ENABLED IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC62351-14:1 Modbus TCP enabled ModbusTCP Enabled'. Port 502 has been
opened for Read/ Write.
SYSLOG_EVENT_MODBUSTCP_DISABLED IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC62351-14:1 Modbus TCP disabled ModbusTCP Disabled'. Port 502 closed

SYSLOG_EVENT_MODBUSTCP_READONLY IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC62351-14:1 Modbus TCP read only 'ModbusTCP ReadOnly'. Port 502 has been
opened for Read Only operations.
SYSLOG_EVENT_BYPASS_ACCESS_ENABLED IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC62351-14:1 ByPass access enabled 'Bypass Access activated'. Bypass access
has been activated.
SYSLOG_EVENT_BYPASS_ACCESS_DISABLED IEC 62351-14 1 alarm IEC62351-14:1 ByPass access disabled 'Bypass Access deactivated'. Bypass access
has been deactivated.
IEC 62351-14 1 notice IEC62351-14:1 Configuration update has failed Couldn't update configuration from given file.
[IEC@41912 ID="2910:6"] INVALID_CONFIGURATION_XML"
UsrID="Application
IEC62351-14 1 notice IEC62351-14:1 Application configuration is valid
[IEC@41912 ID="2910:8"]

Note:
For release 4.20 and later, forward, clear events, clear transient records syslog events are available for the user.
FlexLogic operands are not available.
For all firmware releases, bypass access disabled, and bypass access enabled syslog events are available for the user.
FlexLogic operands are not available.

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4.4.7 INCREASED PRODUCT HARDENING

In Advanced security, the IED supports the ability to turn off the added features in encrypted communication. SSH
and SFTP protocols on port 22 can be disabled.

4.4.7.1 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

The Advanced security option provides the properties listed below.

4.4.8 LOST PASSWORD

The relays allow modification of all user account passwords by user with “Administrator” privileges. Also, non-Admin
users can update their own passwords.
For 'Advanced Security', it is recommended to have more than one user with 'Administrator' role. This will help in
case 'Administrator' password is lost. Other local 'Administrator' account or Remote authentication user
'Administrator' can modify the password for the 'Administrator' whose password is lost.
If Remote authentication server is not configured or is unreachable, and if there is a single 'Administrator' configured
on IED for Local authentication, then the only way to reset 'Administrator' password is to execute 'Service
command' SETPOINTS\DEVICE\INSTALLATION\ path on HMI. This action will default passwords for all accounts.
To default passwords for all accounts, access IED from HMI as another role. Go to Settings -> Product setup ->
Install: Screen will have option to enter 'Service command'. User can enter the command to reset passwords for all
accounts.
Please, contact GE Vernova customer support to get the code to perform this action.

4.4.9 LOADING FACTORY CONFIGURATION

User needs to login as ‘Administrator’. Go to Security screen and then ‘Restore Defaults’ can be set to ‘Yes’.

4.4.10 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

In addition to all the Basic security features, the Advanced security option provides the properties listed below.

4.4.10.1 LOST PASSWORD

The relays allow modification of all user account passwords by user with “Administrator” privileges. Also, non-Admin
users can update their own passwords.
For 'Advanced Security', it is recommended to have more than one user with 'Administrator' role. This will help in
case 'Administrator' password is lost. Other local 'Administrator' account or Remote authentication user
'Administrator' can modify the password for the 'Administrator' whose password is lost.
If Remote authentication server is not configured or is unreachable, and if there is a single 'Administrator' configured
on IED for Local authentication, then the only way to reset 'Administrator' password is to execute command from
HMI. This action will default passwords for all accounts.
Access IED from HMI as another role. Go to Settings -> Product setup -> Install: Screen will have option to enter
'Service command'. User can enter the command to reset passwords for all accounts.
Please, contact GE customer support to get the code and perform this action.

4.4.10.2 LOADING FACTORY CONFIGURATION

User needs to login as ‘Administrator’. Go to Security screen and then ‘Restore Defaults’ can be set to ‘Yes’.

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4.5 RBAC USER MANAGEMENT CYBERSECURITY

CONFIGURATION TOOL
This section describes the "RBAC UserManagement" configuration tool used to configure Cybersecurity.
For early firmware releases: The Cybersecurity configuration was done fully on Modbus settings placed at
SETPOINTS\DEVICE\SECURITY path. See the figures below for more detail.
For later firmware releases: The Cybersecurity configuration is done partially using Modbus settings placed at
SETPOINTS\DEVICE\SECURITY path, plus the use of the RBAC UserManagement Cybersecurity configuration
tool through EnerVista software.
The "RBAC UserManagement" Cybersecurity configuration tool can be found at EnerVista configuration tool under
Setpoints, this is at SETPOINTS\RBAC USERMANAGEMENT path. RBAC UserManagement is only accessible
online when communicating with the device. The Modbus settings available at SETPOINTS\DEVICE\SECURITY
\SECURITY CONFIG path, such as Bypass Access, Acc Timeout HMI, Pswd Complexity, Factory Service, Require
PW for Reset Key, Require PW for D/T Change, Require PW for Control, are both available in the offline and online
mode of EnerVista and can also be changed through the HMI menus.

Note:
The default security settings are different for later releases

Note:
Enervista Software configuration tool file conversion will not convert Cybersecurity settings from 4.10 to 4.20. The
Cybersecurity settings for 4.20 should be entered directly on the device.

4.5.1 CYBERSECURITY MODBUS SETTINGS CONFIGURATION

For 8A the Modbus Cybersecurity settings are placed at SETPOINTS\DEVICE\SECURITY\SECURITY CONFIG
path. All Modbus settings are the same for Basic and Advanced Cybersecurity, but the Bypass PW for RC setting
is only available for Basic.
See the list of Modbus Cybersecurity settings below:

Setting Name Default Value Basic/Advanced

Factory Service Disabled Disabled
Restore Defaults No No
Acc Timeout HMI 5 min 5 min
Pswd Complexity Enabled Enabled
Bypass Access Disabled Disabled
Require PW for Reset Key Enabled Enabled
Require PW for D/T Change Enabled Enabled
Require PW for Control Enabled Enabled
Bypass PW For RC Off Off

4.5.1.1 CYBERSECURITY NON-MODBUS SETTINGS CONFIGURATION

For 8A the non-Modbus Cybersecurity settings can be configured when connecting online to the device through the
EnerVista configuration software, using the Rback UserManagement configuration tool at SETPOINTS\RBAC
USERMANAGEMENT path.

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Below is an example of RBAC UserManagement screens for Cybersecurity configuration, for Users and Roles,
Security Settings and Syslog Configuration.

4.5.1.2 USER MANAGEMENT CONFIGURATION

The USER MANAGEMENT screen initial screen is similar for Basic and Advanced security. The difference is that
for Basic security the 4 fixed available users/roles can be used (Viewer, Administrator, Engineer and Operator) and
for Advanced Cybersecurity up to 20 users can be created and managed.

Basic Security

Figure 47: Basic secuity user management configuration (not configurable)

Advanced Security

Figure 48: Advanced security user management configuration

In Advanced Security the device has up to 20 configurable users. Each user will have a configurable username
and password, and can select one role from the standard and new user defined roles. As stated in the standard,
there is the possibility to redefine new roles by adjusting the name, ID and permissions for each new defined role. It
is not possible to combine roles.
The screens to configure new users in Advanced Security are as follows:
Click on the right side icon on the users screen:

Figure 49: List of pre-configured users for advanced security

A New User window will open with a list of the already existing roles. In case a new role is needed it can be
configured under the Roles window. See the list of pre-configured roles for Advanced Security.

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Figure 50: Example of new user creation for advanced security

For the configuration to be saved on the device, the Save button needs to be clicked, otherwise the configuration
will not be saved. A warning message will appear if leaving the RBAC USERMANAGEMENT configurator without
saving.

Figure 51: Save changes warning message before closing the RBAC USERMANAGEMENT configurator

4.5.1.3 ROLES CONFIGURATION

The ROLES initial screen is similar for Basic and Advanced security. The difference is that for Basic security the 4
fixed available roles can be used (VIEWER, ADMINISTRATOR, ENGINEER and OPERATOR) and they are not
editable. For Advanced Cybersecurity 7 roles are pre-configured, the first 6 defined by the standard (VIEWER,
OPERATOR, ENGINEER, INSTALLER, SECADM, SECAUD, RBACMNT), and the 7th one (ADMINISTRATOR),
predefined with Role ID 7 that can be changed to any of the available private values allowed by the standard (See
the IEC 62351 table in the IEC 62351 section).

Basic Security

Figure 52: Basic security roles configuration (not configurable)

Advanced Security
The first 6 roles are defined by the standard and all their parameters are fixed. The 7th role, ADMINISTRATOR, is a
pre-configured role to provide all of the set permissions together in a single role. The Role Name and Role
Definition are not configurable, but the Role ID can be configured. The Role ID provided is set to 7, but it can be
configured to -1 or any value from the Private Role ID's available.
To add a new role, click on the right side icon on the Roles window:

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Figure 53: Advanced security roles configuration

A New Role window will open with a list of permissions that can be added to any role.

Figure 54: Advanced security new roles configuration

In order to select more than one of the available options, the CTRL+Click combination of keys must be selected.
Only the Role Name and Role ID can be changed when a new role is created. The Role Definition is fixed to "IEC
62351-8" for all roles.
Follow the rules for Role Name and Role ID creation and press "Apply Changes". The new user will appear on the
Roles' window:

Figure 55: Example of new role creation for advance security

For the configuration to be saved on the device, the Save button needs to be clicked, otherwise the configuration
will not be saved. A warning message will appear if leaving the RBAC USERMANAGEMENT configurator without
saving.

4.5.1.4 SECURITY SETTINGS CONFIGURATION

Basic Security
For Basic Security Access Lockout, Acc Lockout Time, and Acc Timeout, other settings are available.

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Figure 56: Basic Security Settings

Advanced Security
For Advance Cybersecurity, besides the Access Lockout, Acc Lockout Time and Acc Timeout Othr, an
Authentication Method setting is provided. Depending on the Authentication Method setting selection (LOCAL,
RADIUS LEGACY, LDAP_LEGACY) different setting windows will be displayed.

Advanced Security Settings with Local Authentication Method

If the Authen. Method is set to LOCAL, Access Lockout, Acc Lockout Time and Acc Timeout Othr settings are
displayed.

Figure 57: Advanced security settings, authent. method set to local

Advance Security Settings with Radius Legacy Authentication Method

If the Authen. Method is set to RADIUS_LEGACY, the corresponding RADIUS setting will be displayed, number of
retries, primary and secondary ports and IP addresses, path to certificate.
The Authentication Methods supported on RADIUS_LEGACY for the 8A release are as follows:
● PEAPv0 with inner authentication method MS-CHAPv2
● EAP-TTLS with inner authentication method PAP (To support RSA AM)
● PAP (unsecured, to support any RADIUS server)

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Figure 58: Advance security settings with radius legacy as authentication method

To select the certificate needed to communicate through RADIUS_LEGACY, click on the Browse button and select
the path to a valid certificate. The certificate for RADIUS should have a *.der extension.

Figure 59: Advance security settings: radius legacy certificate

Advanced Security Settings with LDAP_LEGACY Authentication Method

If the Authen. Method is set to LDAP_LEGACY, the corresponding LDAP setting will be displayed, number of
retries, primary and secondary ports and IP addresses, path to certificate, as well as the base DN, users DN, roles
DN parameters. See the LDAP section for more details. The Certificate for LDAP should have a *.pem extension.
The LDAP Authentication Methods available are "TCP" and "STARTTLS".

Figure 60: Advanced security settings, authen. method set to LDAP LEGACY

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Figure 61: Advance security settings, LDAP LEGACY certificate

4.5.1.5 SYSLOG CONFIGURATION

The IED supports security event reporting through the Syslog protocol, supporting Security Information Event
Management (SIEM) systems for centralized cyber security Monitoring over UDP and TCP protocols.

Note:
For Basic security for releases 4.10 and earlier, Syslog is not available. For releases 4.20 and later, Syslog is available for
both Basic and Advanced Security.

Syslog configuration has the following settings:

● Network Protocol: Available protocols for syslog configuration, to be selected between UDP and TCP
● Syslog IP Primary, Syslog IP Secondary: IP Primary and secondary
● Syslog Primary Port, Syslog Secondary Port: Primary and secondary port for syslog

Note:
0.0.0.0 or 127.0.0.1 values are considered to be empty or unconfigured Ips. A valid IP value should be entered in each of the
Syslog IP Primary and Syslog IP Secondary settings.

Figure 62: Syslog configuration settings for both basic and advanced security

For any part of the Cybersecurity configuration to be saved on the device, the Save button needs to be clicked
before leaving the RBAC USERMANAGEMENT configuration tool, otherwise the changes on the configuration will
not be saved. A warning message will appear if the RBAC USERMANAGEMENT configurator is left without saving.

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 CHAPTER 5

ABOUT SETPOINTS
Chapter 5 - About Setpoints

5.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 114
About Setpoints 115
Setpoints Entry Methods 116
Common Setpoints 117
Logic Diagrams 119

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5.2 ABOUT SETPOINTS

The relay has a considerable number of programmable setpoints, all of which make the relay extremely flexible.
These setpoints have been grouped into a variety of menus which are available from the paths shown below. Each
setpoints menu has sub-sections that describe in detail the setpoints found on that menu.

Note:
Use the path provided to access the menus from the front panel and from the EnerVista D&I Setup software software.
Certain named settings allow custom names. Do not create 13-character long names using the largest width characters (i.e.
WWWWWWWWWWWWW). Doing so can cause the last 3 characters to overlap the setting name when viewed from the HMI
or the EnerVista D&I Setup software software.

Setpoints Device

System

Inputs

Outputs

Protection

Monitoring

Control

Flexlogic

Testing
894510B1

Figure 63: Main Setpoints Display Hierarchy

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5.3 SETPOINTS ENTRY METHODS

Before placing the relay in operation, you must enter the setpoints, which define the system characteristics, inputs,
relay outputs, and protection settings. You can use one of the following methods:
● Front panel, using the keypad and the display.
● Front USB port, connected to a portable computer running the EnerVista D&I Setup software software.
● Rear Ethernet, copper or fiber port connected to portable computer running the EnerVista D&I Setup software
software.
● Rear RS485 port and a SCADA system running user-written software.
● If applicable for your model, using the Wi-Fi wireless connection to a portable computer running the EnerVista
D&I Setup software software.
Using a computer is the easiest method, as files can be stored and downloaded for fast, error free entry. To facilitate
this process, the EnerVista D&I Setup software software is is available for download. The relay leaves the factory
with setpoints programmed to default values, and it is these values that are shown in all the setpoint message
illustrations.
At a minimum, you must set the Setpoints > System setpoints for the system to function correctly. To safeguard
against the installation of a relay whose setpoints have not been entered, the Out-Of-Service self-test warning is
displayed. In addition, the Critical Failure relay is de-energized. Once the relay has been programmed for the
intended application, you should change the Setpoints > Device > Installation > Device In Service setpoint from
Not Ready (the default) to Ready. Before putting the relay in the Ready state, you should work through each page
of setpoint messages, entering values either by keypad or computer.

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5.4 COMMON SETPOINTS

To make the application of this device as simple as possible, similar methods of operation and similar types of
setpoints are incorporated in various features. Rather than repeat operation descriptions for this class of setpoint
throughout the manual, a general description is presented in this overview. Details that are specific to a particular
feature are included in the discussion of the feature. The form and nature of these setpoints is described below.

FUNCTION
The <ELEMENT_NAME> FUNCTION setpoint determines the operational characteristic of each feature. The range
for this setpoint is: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm and Configurable.
If the FUNCTION setpoint is selected as Disabled, then the feature is not operational.
If FUNCTION is selected as Trip or Latched Trip, then the feature is operational. When the Trip or Latched
Trip function is selected and the feature operates, the output relay #1 Trip operates (when selected as Trip
Relay), and the TRIP LED is lit.
When the Latched Trip function is selected and the feature operates, the TRIP LED and trip output operands will
remain latched. The Latched Trip can be reset by issuing the reset command.
If FUNCTION is selected as Alarm or Latched Alarm, then the feature is operational. When this function is
selected and the feature operates, the ALARM LED is lit and any assigned auxiliary output relays operate. The Trip
output relay does not operate, and the TRIP LED is not lit.
When FUNCTION is selected as Latched Alarm, operation of the Latched Alarm function depends on the
selection of the setting LATCH ALARM OPERATION, configured under Path: Setpoints > Device > Installation.
When the setting LATCH ALARM OPERATION is set to Self-Reset while an element is set to Latched Alarm,
only the Alarm LED will remain latched. When setting LATCH ALARM OPERATION to Latched, both Alarm LED
and element will remain latched.
When Alarm is selected and the feature operates, the ALARM LED flashes, and it self-resets when the operating
conditions are cleared.
If FUNCTION is selected as Configurable, the feature is fully operational but outputs are not driving any action,
such as output relay #1, ALARM LED or anything else. Operands from this element must be programmed to the
required action which may be as simple as the auxiliary output relay from the list of available relays in the element
itself; FlexLogic, Trip Bus etc.

Note:
The FlexLogic operands generated by the operation of each feature are active, and available to assign to outputs, or use in
FlexLogic equations, regardless of the selected function, except when the function is set to Disabled.

PICKUP
The setpoint selects the threshold equal to or above (for over elements) or equal to or below (for under elements)
which the measured parameter causes an output from the measuring element.

PICKUP DELAY
The setpoint selects a fixed time interval to delay an input signal from appearing as an output.

DROPOUT DELAY
The setpoint selects a fixed time interval to delay dropping out the output signal after being generated.

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Chapter 5 - About Setpoints

TDM
The setting provides a selection for Time Dial Multiplier which modifies the operating times per the selected inverse
curve. For example, if an IEEE Extremely Inverse curve is selected with TDM=2, and the fault current is 5 times
bigger than the pickup level, operation of the element can not occur until 2.59 s after pickup.

OUTPUT RELAYS
The <ELEMENT_NAME> RELAYS setpoint selects the relays required to operate when the feature generates an
output. The range is Operate or Do Not Operate, and can be applied to any combination of the auxiliary output
relays. The default setting is Do Not Operate.
The available auxiliary relays vary depending on the order code.

DIRECTION
The <ELEMENT_NAME> DIRECTION setpoint is available for overcurrent features which are subject to control
from a directional element. The range is Disabled, Forward, and Reverse. If set to Disabled, the element is
allowed to operate for current flow in any direction. There is no supervision from the directional element. If set to
Forward, the OC element is allowed to operate when the fault is detected by the directional element in forward
direction. In this mode, the OC element does not operate for fault in reverse direction. If set to Reverse, the OC
element is allowed to operate when the fault is detected in reverse direction, and does not operate in forward
direction.

RESET
Selection of an Instantaneous or a Timed reset is provided by this setting. If Instantaneous is selected, the
element resets instantaneously providing the quantity drops below 97 to 98% of the pickup level before the time for
operation is reached. If Timed is selected, the time to reset is calculated based on the reset equation for the
selected inverse curve.

BLOCK
The <ELEMENT_NAME> BLOCK setpoint selects an operand from the list of FlexLogic operands, which when
active, blocks the feature from running. When set to On the feature is always blocked; when set to Off, block is
disabled.

EVENTS
The <ELEMENT_NAME> EVENTS setpoint can be set to Enabled, or Disabled. If set to Enabled, the events
associated with the pickup, operation, or other conditions of the feature are recorded in the Event Recorder.

TARGETS
The <ELEMENT_NAME> TARGETS setpoint can be set to Disabled, Self-Reset, or Latched. If disabled, all
the target messages are disabled and do not appear on screen. If set to Self-Reset, or Latched, the targets
associated with the pickup, operation, or another condition of the feature are displayed on the screen of the relay.
The targets disappear from the screen when Self-Reset is selected, and the conditions are cleared. The targets
stay on the screen, when Latched is selected, and the conditions are cleared.

Note:
The targets of status, control and pickup conditions are always self-reset type, regardless of the Self-Reset, or Latched
configuration of setpoint <ELEMENT_NAME> TARGETS.
To ensure the settings file inside the relay is updated, wait 30 seconds after a setpoint change before cycling power.
When IP addresses are changed and sent as a Settings file, the unit reboots twice.

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5.5 LOGIC DIAGRAMS

Refer to the logic diagrams provided for a complete understanding of the operation of each feature. These
sequential logic diagrams illustrate how each setpoint, input parameter, and internal logic is used in a feature to
obtain an output. In addition to these logic diagrams, the Setpoints chapter provides written descriptions for each
feature.
● Setpoints: Shown as a block with a heading labeled SETPOINT. The exact wording of the displayed setpoint
message identifies the setpoint. Major functional setpoint selections are listed below the name and are
incorporated in the logic.
● Comparator Blocks: Shown as a block with an inset box labeled RUN with the associated pickup/dropout
setpoint shown directly above. Element operation of the detector is controlled by the signal entering the RUN
inset. The measurement/comparison can only be performed if a logic 1 is provided at the RUN input. The
relationship between a setpoint and input parameter is indicated by the following symbols: < (less than), >
(greater than), etc.
● Pickup and Dropout Time Delays: Shown as a block with indication of two timers – the tPKP (Pickup Delay),
and tDPO(Dropout Delay).
● LED Indicators: Shown as the following schematic symbol (X).
● Logic: Described with basic logic gates (AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR). The inverter (logical NOT), is shown
as a circle: O
● FlexLogic operands: Shown as a block with a heading labeled FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS. Each feature
produces output flags (operands) which can be used further for creating logic in the FlexLogic equation editor,
or Trip Bus, or can be directly assigned to trigger an output. The operands from all relay features constitute
the list of FlexLogic operands.

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 CHAPTER 6

DEVICE SETPOINTS
Chapter 6 - Device Setpoints

6.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the Device setpoint menu settings in detail.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 121
Device menu hierarchy 122
Custom Configuration 123
Real-time Clock 126
Communications 131
Transient Recorder 159
Data Logger 161
Fault Reports 164
Event Data 166
Motor Events 167
Flex states 168
Front Panel 169
Resetting 189
Installation 190
Self-Test Monitor 193
Clear Records 194

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6.2 DEVICE MENU HIERARCHY

Setpoints Custom Configuration Modbus Protocol

Device Real-time Clock RS485
System Security USB
Inputs Communications Wi-Fi
Outputs Transient Recorder Ethernet
Protection Data Logger Routing
Monitoring Fault Report DNP Protocl
Control Event Data DNP/IEC Points List
Flexlogic Flex States IEC 60870-5-104
Testing IEC 60870-5-103
IEC103 Points List
IEC103 Disturbance
Recorder
Remote Modbus
Front Panel Programable LEDs
Resetting Programable PBs
Installation Annunciator
Display Properties
Default Screens
894531B1
Figure 64: Device Display Hierarchy

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6.3 CUSTOM CONFIGURATION

The custom configuration features allows you to customize the configurations as desired.

Configuration Mode
The 8-series platform, supports a multitude of functions and features including:
● Protection and Control (P&C)
● Asset Monitoring
● Flexible Logic Engine (FlexLogic)
● Records and Reporting
● Time Synchronization
● Testing/Simulation
Taking into consideration user experience, configuration mode controls how the Setpoints are presented by only
displaying settings that are typically used, or settings that are important to configure.
Two configuration modes are supported:
● Simplified - In this mode, some of the functions, features and settings are hidden or made read-only (grayed
out). All the settings made in Regular configuration mode are still applied during simplified mode (they are
either hidden or read-only), so simplified configuration mode can also be seen as a way of locking advanced
setpoints.
● Regular - In this mode, all function/features and setpoints of the device are editable and nothing is hidden or
grayed out.
Configuration mode is applicable to the Setpoints items only and does not control view/presentation to other main
menu items, such as Device Definition, Status, Metering, Records, Commands and Maintenance. The configuration
mode setting is available to be changed by the Administrator role. The configuration mode control is applicable to
device HMI and setup software, as well as online and offline setting files.

Note:
Configuration mode does not disable the device functionality or settings. It only controls the view or presentation on the HMI
and setup software screens. Therefore, settings which are hidden or Read-only are preserved and applied within the device.

The home icon on the home page changes color according to the configuration mode. When in Simplified
configuration mode, the home icon color is green. When in regular mode the home icon color is blue.

Example 1: Setting items view control

The Phase TOC 1 function in Regular mode has 14 editable setpoints. In the Simplified mode this function has only
6 out of the 14 setpoints made available to edit. 5 setpoints are hidden, and 3 setpoints are read/view-only.

Note:
All setpoints under Regular mode are still applied and used by the device. For example the Input is hidden but configured as
Phasor during Regular mode, therefore Phase TOC 1 still applies Phasor as an input. Similarly, Reset is read-only, and
Phase TOC 1 still applies Instantaneous for resetting. The read-only settings are greyed out.

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Chapter 6 - Device Setpoints

✁✂✄☎✆r Simplified
..\Current\Phase TOC 1 ..\Current\Phase TOC 1
Item Name Value Unit Item Name Value Unit
Function Disabled Function Disabled
Signal Input CT Bank 1 -J1 Signal Input CT Bank 1 -J1
Input Phasor
Pickup 1.000 x CT
Pickup 1.000 x CT
Curve IEEE Mod Inverse
Curve IEEE Mod Inverse
TDM 1.00
TDM 1.00
Reset Instantaneous
Reset Instantaneous
Direction Disabled Direction Disabled
Voltage Restraint Disabled Voltage Restraint Disabled
Volt Lower Limit 0.1 p.u. Relays Do Not Operate
Block Off PTOC 1
Relays Do Not Operate
Events Enabled
Targets Self-Reset
PTOC 1

Figure 65: Comparison of the setpoints for Regular and Simplified mode

Example 2: Function/Feature view control

The differences in the Inputs setpoint screens for Regular and Simplified mode are shown below. Under Simplified
mode, the Virtual Inputs and Remote Inputs are hidden for any configuration change. However, the device will still
accept and process virtual and remote inputs based on what is configured during Regular mode. This way,
Simplified configuration mode does not change the behavior of the device.

✁✂✄☎✆r Simplified
..\Setpoints\Inputs ..\Setpoints\Inputs
Item Name Item Name
Contact Inputs Contact Inputs
Virtual Inputs Analog Inputs
Analog Inputs
Remote Inputs

Inputs MA In

Inputs V Inputs MA In Rem In

Figure 66: Comparison of the Inputs screens for Regular and Simplified mode

CONFIG MODE
Path: Setpoints > Device > Config Mode

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Chapter 6 - Device Setpoints

Range: Simplified, Regular

Default: Regular
This setting allows selection of the configuration mode while the device is accessed by the Administrator role. In
Regular configuration mode, all values in settings/functions can be edited. In Simplified configuration mode,
selected settings/functions are hidden or the values are read-only to enhance user experience with minimum
setpoint changes.

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6.4 REAL-TIME CLOCK

Path: Setpoints > Device > Real Time Clock
The relay is capable of receiving a time reference from several time sources in addition to its own internal clock for
the purpose of time-stamping events, transient recorders and other occurrences within the relay. The accuracy of
the time stamp is based on the time reference that is used. The relay supports an internal clock, SNTP, IRIG-B, and
PTP IEEE 1588 (version 2) as potential time references.
If two or more time sources are available, the time source with the higher priority shown in Time Sources table is
used where 1 is considered to be the highest priority. Please note that the time source priority of PTP and IRIG-B
can be swapped. If both PTP and IRIG-B are available, by default the clock syncs to PTP over IRIG-B. If PTP is not
available, the CPU syncs the internal clock to IRIG-B.

Time Sources
Time Source Priority
PTP (IEEE1588) 1*
IRIG-B 2*
SNTP 3
Internal Clock 4
* The priority of IRIG-B and PTP can be swapped.

Note:
Synchronization by IEC103, DNP, Modbus and IEC104 is not going to be issued if there is a sync source from IRIG-B, SNTP
or PTP.

Note:
IRIG-B is not available for the 859

6.4.1 PTP CONFIGURATION

Path: Setpoints > Device > Real Time Clock > Precision Time

PORT 4(5) PTP FUNCTION

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
When the port setting is selected as Disabled PTP is disabled on the port. The relay does not generate, or
listen to, PTP messages on the port.

PORT 4(5) PATH DELAY ADDER

Range: 0 to 60000 ns in steps of 1 ns
Default: 0 ns
The time delivered by PTP is advanced by the time value in the setting prior to the time being used to
synchronize the relay’s real time clock. This is to compensate for time delivery delays not compensated for in the
network. In a fully compliant Power Profile (PP) network, the peer delay and the processing delay mechanisms
compensate for all the delays between the grandmaster and the relay. In such networks, the setting is zero.
In networks containing one or more switches and/or clocks that do not implement both of these mechanisms, not
all delays are compensated, so the time of message arrival at the relay is later than the time indicated in the
message. The setting can be used to approximately compensate for the delay. Since the relay is not aware of

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network switching that dynamically changes the amount of uncompensated delay, there is no setting that always
completely corrects for uncompensated delay. A setting can be chosen that reduces worst-case error to half of
the range between minimum and maximum uncompensated delay if these values are known.

PORT 4(5) PATH DELAY ASYMMETRY

Range: -1000 to +1000 ns in steps of 1 ns
Default: 0 ns
The setting corresponds to Delay Asymmetry in PTP, which is used by the peer delay mechanism to compensate
for any difference in the propagation delay between the two directions of a link. Except in unusual cases, the two
fibers are of essentially identical length and composition, so the setting is set to zero.
In unusual cases where the length of link is different in different directions, the setting is to be set to the number
of nanoseconds longer the Ethernet propagation delay is to the relay compared with the mean of path
propagation delays to and from the relay. For instance, if it is known say from the physical length of the fibers
and the propagation speed in the fibers that the delay from the relay to the Ethernet switch it is connected to is
9000 ns and that the delay from the switch to the relay is 11000 ns, then the mean delay is 10000 ns, and the
path delay asymmetry is +1000 ns.

STRICT POWER PROFILE

Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
Power profile (IEEE Std C37.238™ 2011) requires that the grandmaster clock be power profile compliant, that
the delivered time have a worst-case error of ±1 µs, and that the peer delay mechanism be implemented. With
the strict power profile setting enabled, the relay selects as master only clocks displaying the IEEE_C37_238
identification codes. It uses a port only when the peer delay mechanism is operational. With the strict power
profile setting disabled, the relay uses clocks without the power profile identification when no power profile clocks
are present, and uses ports even if the peer delay mechanism is non-operational.
The setting applies to all of the relay’s PTP-capable ports.

PTP DOMAIN NUMBER

Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0
The setting is set to the domain number of the grandmaster-capable clock(s) to which they can be synchronized.
A network may support multiple time distribution domains, each distinguished with a unique domain number.
More commonly, there is a single domain using the default domain number zero.
The setting applies to all of the relay’s PTP-capable ports.

PTP VLAN PRIORITY

Range: 0 to 7
Default: 4
The setting selects the value of the priority field in the 802.1Q VLAN tag in request messages issued by the
relay’s peer delay mechanism. In compliance with PP (Power Profile) the default VLAN priority is 4, but it is
recommended that in accordance with PTP it be set to 7.
Depending on the characteristics of the device to which the relay is directly linked, VLAN Priority may have no
effect.
The setting applies to all of the relay’s PTP-capable ports.

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PTP VLAN ID
Range: 0 to 4095
Default: 0
The setting selects the value of the ID field in the 802.1Q VLAN tag in request messages issued by the relay’s
peer delay mechanism. It is provided in compliance with PP (Power Profile). As these messages have a
destination address that indicates they are not to be bridged, their VLAN ID serves no function, and so may be
left at its default value.
Depending on the characteristics of the device to which the relay is directly linked, VLAN ID may have no effect.
The setting applies to all of the relay’s PTP-capable ports.

PTP PRIORITY
Range: 1, 2
Default: 1
The setting sets the priority of PTP time for the relay. If set to 1 and IRIG-B is available, the relay syncs the
relay’s time reference to the PTP time. If set to 2 and IRIG-B is available, the relay syncs its reference to IRIG-B
time.

Note:
IRIG-B is not available for the 859

6.4.2 CLOCK
Path:Setpoints > Device > Real Time Clock > Clock

DATE
Format: Month/Day/Year
Range: Month: 1 to 12; Day: 1 to 31; Year: 2008 to 2094
Default: 01/01/2008

TIME
Range: 0 to 23: 0 to 59:0 to 59
Default: 00:00:00

LOCAL TIME OFFSET FROM UTC

Range: –24.00 to 24.00 hrs in steps of 0.5 hrs
Default: 0.00 hrs

REAL TIME CLOCK EVENTS

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled (FW 3.00), Disabled (FW4.10)

IRIG-B
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

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Note:
IRIG-B is not available for the 859

DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

DST START MONTH

Range: January to December (all months)
Default: Not Set

DST START DAY

Range: SUN to SAT (all days of the week)
Default: Not Set

DST START WEEK

Range: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, Last
Default: Not Set

DST START HOUR

Range: 0 to 23
Default: 2

DST END MONTH

Range: January to December (all months)
Default: Not Set

DST END WEEK

Range: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, Last
Default: Not Set

DST END DAY

Range: SUN to SAT (all days of the week)
Default: Not Set

DST END HOUR

Range: 0 to 23
Default: 2

Note:
IRIG-B is available in all relays apart from the 859. A failure on IRIG-B triggers an event and a target message.
IRIG-B is auto-detected. The signal type is detected in the hardware, so there are no configurable options.

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6.4.3 SNTP PROTOCOL

8 series relays accept time synchronization from up to two different SNTP servers. In order to define number of
SNTP servers to be used, different settings for each SNTP server must be configured.
● If one SNTP server is used to synchronize the relay, the SNTP Server and UDP port settings must be
configured with the corresponding settings.
● If two SNTP servers are used to synchronize the relay, the SNTP Server IP and UDP port for the main server
must be configured, along with the SNP Server 2 IP and UDP port for the back-up server.

Note:
8 Series relays only support SNTP unicast. It may take 2-3 minutes for the relay to synchronize with the SNTP server.

Path: Setpoints > Device > Real Time Clock > SNTP

SNTP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

SNTP SERVER IP ADDRESS

Range: Standard IP Address Format
Default: 0.0.0.0

SNTP UDP PORT NUMBER

Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
Default: 123

SNTP SERVER 2 IP ADDRESS

Range: Standard IP Address Format
Default: 0.0.0.0

SNTP 2 UDP PORT NUMBER

Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1
Default: 123

Note:
The SNTP and PTP settings take effect after rebooting the relay.

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6.5 COMMUNICATIONS
8-series relays relays have a two-stage communications capability. The base CPU supports the Modbus protocol
through the Ethernet, USB and serial ports. In addition, the base CPU also supports the IEC 103, DNP serial, DNP
TCP/IP, Ethernet and TFTP protocol. Once the communications module option is added to the base, the
communications module supports IEC 61850 Ed.2. The communications CPU also supports Modbus TCP, DNP
TCP, TFTP, SFTP, and SNTP protocol.

6.5.1 MODBUS PROTOCOL

All Ethernet ports and serial communication ports support the Modbus protocol. The only exception is if the serial
port has been configured for DNP or IEC 60870-5-103 operation (see descriptions below). This allows the EnerVista
D&I Setup software (which is a Modbus master application) to communicate with the relay.
The relay implements a subset of the Modicon Modbus RTU serial communication standard. The Modbus protocol
is hardware-independent. That is, the physical layer can be any of a variety of standard hardware configurations.
This includes USB, RS485, fiber optics, etc. Modbus is a single master / multiple slave type of protocol suitable for a
multi-drop configuration.
The relay is always a Modbus slave with a valid slave address range 1 to 254.

DATA FRAME FORMAT AND DATA RATE

One data frame of an asynchronous transmission to or from a relay typically consists of 1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1
stop bit. This produces a 10-bit data frame. This is important for transmission through modems at high bit rates.
Modbus protocol can be implemented at any standard communication speed. The relay supports operation at 9600,
19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bps baud rate. The USB interface supports Modbus TCP/IP.

FUNCTION CODE SUPPORTED

The following functions are supported:
● FUNCTION CODE 03H - Read Setpoints
● FUNCTION CODE 04H - Read Actual Values
● FUNCTION CODE 05H - Execute Operation
● FUNCTION CODE 06H - Store Single Setpoint
● FUNCTION CODE 07H - Read Device Status
● FUNCTION CODE 08H - Loopback Test
● FUNCTION CODE 10H - Store Multiple Setpoints
● FUNCTION CODE 42H - Group Settings Read
● FUNCTION CODE 43H - Group Settings Write
When a Modbus master such as the EnerVista D&I Setup software communicates with the relay over Ethernet, the
relay slave address, TCP port number and IP address for the associated port must be configured and are also
configured within the Master for this device. The default Modbus TCP port number is 502.

6.5.2 MODBUS CONFIGURABLE PARAMETERS

The following Modbus parameters are configurable:
Path:Setpoints > Device > Communications > Modbus Protocol

MODBUS SLAVE ADDRESS

Range: 1 to 254 in steps of 1
Default: 254

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For the RS485 ports each 8 Series must have a unique address from 1 to 254. Address 0 is the broadcast
address to which all Modbus slave devices listen. Addresses do not have to be sequential, but no two devices
can have the same address, otherwise conflicts resulting in errors occur. Generally, each device added to the
link uses the next higher address starting at 1.

MODBUS TCP PORT NUMBER

Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
Default: 502
The TCP port number used with Modbus over Ethernet. Note that the maximum number of simultaneous
Modbus connections supported over Ethernet is three for an 8 Series without the communications card and five
for an 8 Series with the communications card.

COMPATIBILITY
Range: Disabled, FlexMap
Default: Disabled
Compatibility mode changes the Modbus actual value registers to emulate the SR relay. The emulation supports
typical actual value data for common data items.
See the 8 Series Protective Relay Communications guide for the list.

FLEXMAP FILE
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Depends on the type of the relay and order code options:
SR735XAFlexMap.000 for Current protection option "S"
SR750XAFlexMap.000 for Current Protection option "M", "D" or "A"
SR469XAFlexMap.000
SR745XAFlexMap.000
SR489XAFlexMap.000
369XAFlexMap.000
The Flexmap File describes the translation from the Modbus memory map to the target Modbus memory map.
The default Flexmap File can be changed by entering the filename. In the case where the default
SR735XAFlexMap.000 file requires to be changed to SR750 then enter SR750XAFlexMap.000 file.

RS485 Port1
Range: Off, On
Default: Off

RS485 Port2
Range: Off, On
Default: Off

RS485 Port3 (only 859)

Range: Off, On
Default: Off

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Ethernet Port1
Range: Off, On
Default: Off

Ethernet Port2
Range: Off, On
Default: Off

Ethernet Port4 (not 859)

Range: Off, On
Default: Off

Ethernet Port5 (not 859)

Range: Off, On
Default: Off

MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT

Range: 0 to 3600 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
The Modbus Activity Timeout specifies the minimum time without Modbus communication. This timeout is
used to declare the Modbus Loss of Communication state.
The Modbus state is always Active if the Modbus Activity Timeout is 0 s.

MODBUS 485 READ ACTUALS

Range: Function Code 03h, Function Code 04h
Default: Function Code 04h
The Modbus 485 Read Actuals setting configures the Function Code that the relay responds to from a Modbus
Master when Actual Values are requested. Use this setting in scenarios where the Modbus Master can only
communicate using Function Code 03h for requesting Actual Values.

Note:
This setting applies only to the RS485 connection.
When this setting is changed to Function Code 03h, retrieving configuration settings through the RS485 port is not possible.

MODBUS ERROR RESPONSES

The following exception response codes are implemented.
Error ID Exception Description
01 ILLEGAL FUNCTION The function code transmitted is not one of the functions supported by the 8
Series.
02 ILLEGAL DATA ADDRESS The address referenced in the data field transmitted by the master is not an
allowable address for the 8 Series.
03 ILLEGAL DATA VALUE The value referenced in the data field transmitted by the master is not within
range for the selected data address.

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6.5.3 RS485
On the rear, the relay is equipped with two RS485 serial communication ports. The RS485 port has settings for
baud rate and parity. It is important that these parameters agree with the settings used on the computer or other
equipment connected to this port. A maximum of 32 relays can be daisy-chained and connected to a DCS, PLC or a
PC using the RS485 port.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > RS485

BAUD RATE
Range: 2400, 4800, 9600, 1200, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
Default: 115200

PARITY
Range: None, Odd, Even
Default: None

PORT PROTOCOL
Range: Modbus, DNP 3.0, IEC 60870-5-103
Default: Modbus

6.5.4 USB
The USB parameters are as follows:
IP Address: 172.16.0.2
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
IP GWY IP Address: 172.16.0.1

Note:
Whenever the device is rebooted, the USB cable needs to be unplugged and plugged in again for proper communication to be
established over USB.

Connecting multiple relays over USB to a single PC is not possible because in the case of USB, the IP address of
the device 172.16.0.2 is constant.

6.5.5 ETHERNET PORTS

The following communication offerings are available.

Base Offering
● 2x Copper (RJ45) Ports
● Modes: 10/100 Mbps
● Protocols: Modbus TCP, DNP 3.0, IEC 61850 GOOSE, SNTP, IEC 62439-3 clause 4 (PRP)

Advanced Offering
● 4x Copper (RJ45) Ports or 2x Fiber
● Modes: 10/100 Mbps (copper)
● 100Mbps (Fiber)
● Protocols: Modbus TCP, DNP 3.0, IEC 61850 GOOSE, SNTP, IEC 62439-3 clause 4 (PRP), HSR

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Note:
Always use Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable when connecting to RJ45 Ethernet ports

6.5.5.1 NETWORK SETTINGS MENU

This section describes the network settings menu. If the communications card is installed network port 1 is no
longer available. When using more than one Ethernet port, configure each to belong to a different network or subnet
using the IP addresses and mask, else communication becomes unpredictable when more than one port is
configured to the same subnet.

Note:
Use the softkeys and Down/Up key to enter an IP address. When entering an IP address you must press the BACK key first
to switch between softkey mode and the Down/Up key mode.

NETWORK 1, 2, 4, 5
Range: Standard IPV4 Address format
Default: 192.168.11.11 (Port 1)
Default: 192.168.11.12 (Port 2)
Default: 192.168.11.13 (Port 4)
Default: 192.168.11.14 (Port 5)

The setting sets the port’s IPV4 address in standard IPV4 format.

Note:
The setting is valid on Port 2(5) if Prt1(4) is set to Independent

Note:
The setting is valid on Port 2 if Prt1 Operation is set to Independent.

Note:
172.17.X.X/16 and 172.18.X.X/16 are reserved IPs.

PRT1<n> SUBNET IP MASK

Range: Standard IPV4 mask format
Default: 255.255.255.0 (Port 1, 2, 4, 5)
This setting specifies the IPv4 mask associated with the corresponding port IP address.

PRT<n> OPERATION
Range: Independent, LLA, PRP, HSR
Default: Independent
This setting determines the mode of operation for ports 1 and 2: Independent, LLA, PRP, HSR
Independent operation: Ports 1, 2, 4 and 5 operate independently with their own MAC and IP address.

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LLA operation: Ports 1, 2, 4 and 5 use port 1’s MAC and IP address settings while port 2 is in standby mode in
that it does not actively communicate on the Ethernet network but monitors its link. If port 1 is active and the link
loss problem is detected, communications is switched to port 2 immediately. Port 2 is, in effect, acting as a
redundant or backup link to the network for port 1.
LLA (Link Loss Alert): is a proprietary feature supported by the fiber optic ports. When enabled, this feature is
able to detect a failure of the fiber link. If Prt1 Operation is set to LLA, the detection of a link failure by this
feature triggers the transfer of communications. If LLA is enabled on a port with a non-fiber SFP, the target
message LLA not supported by Prt (1 or 2) is displayed on the keypad and an event is logged.

Note:
LLA is not available on port 4,5 copper (RJ45). When the port operation is selected, the relay requires a reboot for the setting
to be applied.

Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) operation: Ports 1 and 2 use the same MAC address and combine
information at the link layer. It is intended to only be used if the two ports are connected to separate parallel
LAN’s. In this mode of operation, both ports cannot be connected to the same LAN. The receiving devices (8
Series) process the first frame received and discard the duplicate through a link redundancy entity (LRE) or
similar service that operates below layer 2. Aside from LRE, PRP uses conventional Ethernet hardware but both
ports must know they are in PRP. Ports of PRP devices operating with the same Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
for traffic that uses IP Management protocols such as Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) must operate
correctly.
Duplicate Discard mode: This is the normal setting for PRP operation and once set it allows the sender LRE to
append a six-octet field that contains a sequence number, the Redundancy Control Trailer (RCT) to both frames
it sends. The receiver LRE uses the sequence number of the RCT and the source MAC address to detect
duplicates. It forwards only the first frame of a pair to its upper layers.
HSR operation: When set to HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy Protocol), PRT1 is paired with PRT2,
or PRT4 is paired with PRT5. Each pair of ports use the same MAC address. In this mode, all the participating
devices are connected in ring topology. In normal condition (fault-free state), both identical frames will reach the
destination device within a certain interval. The first frame will be sent up the OSI stack to the destination
application, while the second one will be discarded.
For more information, see the Communications Guide.

Note:
NOTE: redundancy operations work in pairs Port1/2 and Port4/5 only. It is not interchangeable between all ports.

Note:
Always use Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable when connecting to RJ45 Ethernet ports

6.5.6 ROUTING
When the configuration card is present, a default route and a maximum number of 6 static routes can be configured.
The default route is used as the last choice, if no other route towards a given destination is found.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > Routing > Default Route

GATEWAY ADDRESS
Range: Standard IPV4 unicast address format (0.0.0.1 to 223.255.255.254)
Default: 127.0.0.1
This setting sets the gateway of the default route to be used by IP traffic sent from the relay, if no other route
towards a given IP destination is found.

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This setting is available only if the communications card is present.

Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > Routing > Static RT1 (2 to 6)

RT1 (2,3,4,5,6) DESTINATION

Range: Standard IPV4 network address format (0.0.0.1 to 223.255.255.254)
Default: 127.0.0.1
This setting sets the destination IPv4 route. This setting is available only if the communications card is present.

RT1 (2,3,4,5,6) MASK

Range: Standard IPV4 network mask format
Default: 255.0.0.0
This setting sets the IP mask associated with the route. This setting is available only if the communications card
is present.

RT1 (2,3,4,5,6) GATEWAY

Range: Standard IPV4 unicast address format (0.0.0.1 to 223.255.255.254)
Default: 127.0.0.1
This setting sets the destination IP route. This setting is available only if the communications card is present.

RULES FOR ADDING AND DELETING STATIC ROUTES

1. By default, the value of the destination field is 127.0.0.1 for all static routes (1 to 6). This is equivalent to
saying that the static routes are not configured. When the destination address is 127.0.0.1, the mask and
gateway must also be kept as default values.
2. By default, the value of the default route gateway address is 127.0.0.1. This means the default route is not
configured.
3. Use any of the static network route entries numbered 1 to 6 to configure a static network route. Once a route
destination is configured for any of the entries 1 to 6, that entry becomes a static route and it must meet all
the rules listed in Important Notes below.
4. To configure the default route, enter a default gateway address. A default gateway address configured must
be validated against Rule #5, the next rule.
5. Routes are deleted by replacing the route destination with the default address (127.0.0.1). When deleting a
route, the mask and gateway must also be put back to their default values.
6. The default route is deleted by replacing the default gateway with the default value 127.0.0.1.

Note:
Host routes are not supported at present.
The route mask has IPv4 mask format. In binary this is a set of contiguous bits of 1 from left to right, followed by one or more
contiguous bits of 0.
The route destination and mask must match. This can be verified by checking that RtDestination & RtMask == RtDestination
This is an example of a good configuration: RtDestination= 10.1.1.0; Rt Mask= 255.255.255.0
This is an example of a bad configuration: RtDestination = 10.1.1.1; Rt Mask= 255.255.255.0
The route destination must not be a connected network.
The route gateway must be on a connected network. This rule applies to the gateway address of the default route as well.
This can be verified by checking that: RtGwy & Prt4Mask) == (Prt4IP & Prt4Mask) || (RtGwy & Prt5Mask) == (Prt5IP &
Prt5Mask)

TARGETS
Wrong Route Config

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Description: A route with mismatched destination and mask has been configured.
Message: Wrong route configuration.
Solution: Rectify the IP address and mask of the mis-configured route.

TOPOLOGY

Figure 67: Topology Example

In the topology example above, the device is connected through the two Ethernet ports available on the
communications card.

Note:
Always use Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable when connecting to RJ45 Ethernet ports

Port 4 (IP address 10.1.1.2) connects to LAN 10.1.1.0/24 and to the Internet through Router1. Router 1 has an
interface on 10.1.1.0/24 and the IP address of this interface is 10.1.1.1.
Port 5 (IP address 10.1.2.2) connects to LAN 10.1.2.0/24 and to EnerVista D&I Setup software through Router 2.
Router 2 has an interface on 10.1.2.0/24 and the IP address of this interface is 10.1.2.1.

Network addresses:
● PRT4 IP ADDRESS = 10.1.1.2
● PRT4 SUBNET IP MASK = 255.255.255.0
● PRT5 IP ADDRESS = 10.1.2.2
● PRT5 SUBNET IP MASK = 255.255.255.0

Routing Settings:
IPV4 DEFAULT ROUTE: GATEWAY ADDRESS = 10.1.1.1
STATIC NETWORK ROUTE 1: RT1 DESTINATION = 10.1.3.0/24RT1 NET MASK = 255.255.255.0RT1
GATEWAY = 10.1.2.1

Behavior:
One static network route was added to the destination 10.1.3.0/24, where a laptop running EnerVista D&I Setup
software is located. This static route uses a different gateway (10.1.2.1) than the default route. This gateway is the

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address of Router 2, which is aware of destination 10.1.3.0 and is able to route packets coming from the device and
destined to EnerVista D&I Setup software.

6.5.7 DNP PROTOCOL SETTINGS

Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > DNP protocol

DNP CHANNEL 1(2) PORT

Range: None, Network - TCP, Network - UDP
Default: None
The DNP Channel 1 Port and DNP Channel 2 Port settings select the communications port assigned to the
DNP protocol for each channel. When set to Network - TCP, the DNP protocol can be used over TCP/IP on
channels 1 or 2. When set to Network - UDP, the DNP protocol can be used over UDP/IP.

DNP ADDRESS
Range: 0 to 65519 in steps of 1
Default: 65519
The DNP address sets the DNP slave address. This number identifies the device on a DNP communications
link. Each DNP slave must be assigned a unique address.

DNP CLIENT ADDRESS 1(2)

Range: standard IP address
Default: 0.0.0.0
The DNP Client Address settings can force the device to respond to a maximum of two specific DNP masters.

DNP TCP/UDP PORT 1(2)

Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1
Default: 2000

Note:
DNP Channel 1 Port will take the DNP TCP/UDP Port 1 and DNP Client Address 1 to allow/reject connections. The same
relation is used by channel 2.

DNP UNSOL RESP FUNCTION

Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled
This setting will take effect for Ethernet communication only if the main card is present or a comms card is
available in the device. This setting enables/disables the unsolicited response functionality. It is disabled for
RS485 applications since there is no collision avoidance mechanism.

DNP UNSOL RESP TIMEOUT

Range: 0 to 60 s in steps of 1
Default: 5 s
Sets the time the relay waits for a DNP master to confirm an unsolicited response.

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UNSOL RESP MAX RETRIES

Range: 1 to 255 in steps of 1
Default: 10
Sets the number of times the device retransmits an unsolicited response without receiving confirmation from the
master; a value of 255 allows infinite re-tries.

UNSOL RESP AT STARTUP

Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled
When relay is rebooting, unsolicited responses work without an Enable message needed, but this is only
possible once the Master resets the communications with the relay. This happens with both Reset Link or Class
1 request messages.

DNP UNSOL RESP DEST ADDRESS

Range: 1 to 65519 in steps of 1
Default: 1
Sets the DNP address to which all unsolicited responses are sent. The IP address to which unsolicited
responses are sent is determined by the device from the current TCP connection or the most recent UDP
message.

DNP TIME SYNC IIN PERIOD

Range: 1 to 10080 min. in steps of 1
Default: 1440 min
This setting determines how often the Need Time Internal Indication (IIN) bit is set by the device. Changing this
time allows the DNP master to send time synchronization commands more or less often, as required.

Note:
If the requirement for synchronization is more than a couple of seconds, consider synchronization via other means such as
IRIG-B or 1588. Given network asymmetry, the consistency of the network latency, clock drift, and additional delays due to
routers located between the client and the device all contribute error.

Note:
IRIG-B is not available for the 859

DNP MESSAGE FRAGMENT SIZE

Range: 30 to 2048 in steps of 1
Default: 240
This setting determines the size, in bytes, at which message fragmentation occurs. Large fragment sizes allow
for more efficient throughput; smaller fragment sizes cause more application layer confirmations to be necessary
which can provide for more robust data transfer over noisy communication channels.

DNP OBJECT DEFAULT VARIATION SETTINGS

These settings allow selection of the DNP default variation number for object types 1, 2, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, and
32. The default variation refers to the variation response when variation 0 is requested and/or in class 0, 1, 2, or
3 scans. The DNP binary outputs typically map one-to-one to IED data points. That is, each DNP binary output

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controls a single physical or virtual control point in an IED. In the 8 Series relay, DNP binary outputs are mapped
to virtual inputs. See below for details

DNP OBJECT 1(2) DEFAULT VARIATION

Range: 1, 2
Default: 2

DNP OBJECT 20(22) DEFAULT VARIATION

Range: 1, 2, 5, 6
Default: 1

DNP OBJECT 21 DEFAULT VARIATION

Range: 1, 2, 9, 10
Default: 1

DNP OBJECT 23 DEFAULT VARIATION

Range: 1, 2, 5, 6
Default: 2

DNP OBJECT 30 DEFAULT VARIATION

Range: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Default: 1

TCP CONNECTION TIMEOUT

Range: 10 to 300 s in steps of 1
Default: 120 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the detection of dead network TCP connections. If there is no data traffic
on a DNP TCP connection for greater than the time specified by this setting, the connection will be aborted.. This
frees up the connection to be re-used by a client.

6.5.8 DNP AND IEC104 POINT LISTS

The menu path for the DNP/IEC104 point lists is shown below.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > DNP/IEC104 Point Lists
Binary Input/MSP Points
Analog Input/MME Points
Binary Outp/CSC/CDC Pnts

Binary input points (DNP) or MSP points (IEC 60870-5-104)

You can configure the binary inputs points for the DNP protocol, or the MSP points for IEC 60870-5-104 protocol to
a maximum of 96 points. The data source for each point is user-programmable and can be configured by assigning
FlexLogic operands. For a complete list, see Format Code FC142.
The menu path for the binary input points (DNP) or MSP points (IEC 60870-5-104) is shown below.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > DNP/IEC104 Point Lists > Binary Input/MSP Points
Point 0 Entry

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...
Point 255 Entry

Analog input points (DNP) or MME points (IEC 60870-5-104)

You can configure up to 255 analog input points for the DNP or IEC 60870-5-104 protocols. The menu path for the
analog input point (DNP) or MME points (IEC 60870-5-104) is shown below.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > DNP/IEC104 Point Lists > Analog Input / MME Points
Analog IP Point 0 Entry
Point 0 Scale Factor
Point 0 Deadband

DNP ANALOG INPUT POINT 0(255) SCALE FACTOR

Range: / 0.001, / 0.01, / 0.1, / 1, / 10, / 100, / 1000, / 10000, / 100000
Default: /1
These are numbers used to scale analog input point values. Each setting represents the scale factor for the
analog input point. For example, if the DNP PHASE A VOLTAGE SCALE FACTOR setting is set to / 1000,
and the Phase A voltage is 72000 V, the Phase A voltage sent on to the relay is 72 V. The settings are useful
when analog input values must be adjusted to fit within certain ranges in DNP masters.

Note:
A scale factor of / 0.1 is equivalent to a multiplier of 10.

DNP ANALOG INPUT POINT 0(255) DEADBAND

Range: 1 to 100000000 in steps of 1
Default: 30000
The setting is the threshold value to define the condition to trigger unsolicited responses containing analog input
data. Each setting represents the default deadband value for the associated analog input. For example, to
trigger unsolicited responses from the relay when phase A current changes by 15 A, the DNP Current Deadband
for Phase A current should be set to 15. Note that these settings are the deadband default values. DNP object
34 points can be used to change deadband values from the default for each individual DNP analog input point.
Whenever power is removed and re-applied, the new deadbands are in effect.

Binary output points (DNP) or CSC/CDC points (IEC 60870-5-104)

You can configure the binary output points for the DNP protocol, or the CSC/CDC points for IEC 60870-5-104
protocol to a maximum of 16 points. The data source for each point is user-programmable and can be configured by
assigning FlexLogic operands. The menu path for the binary output points (DNP) or CSC/CDC points (IEC
60870-5-104) is shown below.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Communications > DNP/IEC104 Point Lists > Binary Output / CSC/CDC Points
Binary Output Point 0 ON
Binary Output Point 0 OFF
...
Binary Output Point 31 ON
Binary Output Point 31 OFF

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Note:
The DNP/IEC 60870-5-104 point lists always begin with point 0 and end at the first Off value. Since DNP / IEC 60870-5-104
point lists must be in one continuous block, any points assigned after the first Off point are ignored.

BINARY INPUT POINTS

The DNP binary input data points are configured through the DNP/IEC104 POINT LISTS BINARY INPUT/MSP
POINTS menu. When a freeze function is performed on a binary counter point, the frozen value is available in the
corresponding frozen counter point.
● Static (Steady-State) Object Number: 1
● Change Event Object Number: 2
● Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read), 22 (assign class)
● Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 2 (Binary Input with status), Configurable
● Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 2 (Binary Input Change with Time),
Configurable
● Change Event Scan Rate: 8 times per power system cycle
● Change Event Buffer Size: 1024
● Default Class for All Points: 1

POINT NAME/DESCRIPTION COUNTERS

The following details lists both Binary Counters (Object 20) and Frozen Counters (Object 21). When a freeze
function is performed on a Binary Counter point, the frozen value is available in the corresponding Frozen Counter
point. Digital Counter values are represented as 16 or 32-bit integers. The DNP 3.0 protocol defines counters to be
unsigned integers. Care should be taken when interpreting negative counter values.

BINARY COUNTERS
● Static (Steady-State) Object Number: 20
● Change Event Object Number: 22
● Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read), 7 (freeze), 8 (freeze noack), 9 (freeze and clear), 10 (freeze
and clear, noack), 22 (assign class)
● Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Binary Counter with Flag)
● Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Counter Change Event without
time)
● Change Event Buffer Size: 10
● Default Class for all points: 3

FROZEN COUNTERS
● Static (Steady-State) Object Number: 21
● Change Event Object Number: 23
● Request Function Codes supported: 1 (read)
● Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Frozen Counter with Flag)
● Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested: 1 (32-Bit Counter Change Event without
time)
● Change Event Buffer Size: 10
● Default Class for all points: 3

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BINARY AND FROZEN COUNTERS POINT INDEX NAME/DESCRIPTION

● 0 Digital Counter 1
● 1 Digital Counter 2
● 2 Digital Counter 3
● 3 Digital Counter 4
● 4 Digital Counter 5
● 5 Digital Counter 6
● 6 Digital Counter 7
● 7 Digital Counter 8
● 8 Digital Counter 9
● 9 Digital Counter 10
● 10 Digital Counter 11
● 11 Digital Counter 12
● 12 Digital Counter 13
● 13 Digital Counter 14
● 14 Digital Counter 15
● 15 Digital Counter 16

ANALOG INPUTS
It is important to note that 16-bit and 32-bit variations of analog inputs are transmitted through DNP as signed
numbers. Even for analog input points that are not valid as negative values, the maximum positive representation is
32767 for 16-bit values and 2147483647 for 32-bit values. This is a DNP requirement. The deadbands for all Analog
Input points are in the same units as the Analog Input quantity. For example, an Analog Input quantity measured in
volts has a corresponding deadband in units of volts. Relay settings are available to set default deadband values
according to data type. Deadbands for individual Analog Input Points can be set using DNP Object 34.
A default variation refers to the variation response when variation 0 is requested and/or in class 0, 1, 2, or 3 scans.
The default variations for object types 1, 2, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, and 32 are selected via relay settings. This optimizes
the class 0 poll data size.
For static (non-change-event) objects, qualifiers 17 or 28 are only responded when a request is sent with qualifiers
17 or 28, respectively. Otherwise, static object requests sent with qualifiers 00, 01, 06, 07, or 08, are responded with
qualifiers 00 or 01. For change event objects, qualifiers 17 or 28 are always responded.
Cold restarts are implemented the same as warm restarts – the relay is not restarted, but the DNP process is
restarted.

6.5.9 IEC60870-5-103
The point map for the 103 is different from the one shared by the IEC104 and DNP protocols. IEC 60870-5-103
serial communications protocol is supported on the rear RS485 port only.
The DNP, IEC 103 and Modbus cannot be enabled simultaneously. Only one instance of DNP 3.0, IEC 103 or
Modbus can run on the RS485 serial port.
Path: SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > IEC 60870-5-103 PROTOCOL

IEC103 Common ASDU Addrs

Range: 0 to 254 in steps of 1
Default: 0

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IEC103 Sync Timeout

Range: 0 to 1440 minutes in steps of 1 min
Default: 0 min
All binary inputs are configured from FlexLogic operands. For a complete list, see Format Code FC142.

Note:
Pay attention when configuring the function type and information number of the different points, because they must be unique.
There is no mechanism in the EnerVista D&I Setup software or the front panel HMI to detect duplication of the information
index.
The IEC 60870-5-103 point lists always begin with point 0 and end at the first Off value. Since IEC 60870-5-103 point lists
must be in one continuous block, any points assigned after the first Off point are ignored.

6.5.10 IEC 103 POINT LISTS

6.5.10.1 BINARY INPUT POINTS

SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > IEC 103 POINTS LISTS > BINARY INPUTS

Point [x] Func Type

Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

Point [x] Info Num

Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

Point [x]
Range: Off, On, No, Yes, Cl 1 on, Cl 2 on, Cl 3 on, Cl 4 on,
Default: Off

Present in Gen Interrogation

Range: No, Yes
Default: No

6.5.10.2 MEASURANDS
SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > IEC 103 POINTS LISTS > IEC 103 MEASURANDS
There are five ASDUs: First ASDU, Second ASDU, Third ASDU, fourth ASDU and Fifth ASDU. Each ASDU has the
following settings for up to nine instances for each ASDUach of the following settings are applicable only to to the
selected ASDU:

nth ASDU Ident type

Range: 3, 9
Default: 3

nth ASDU Func Type

Range: 0 to 255

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Default: 0

nth ASDU Info Num

Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

nth ASDU Scan Timeout

Range: 0 to 100 seconds
Default: 0 s

Each of the following settings are common to all instances

nth Analog Entry

Range: Off, [Protection function]
Default: off

nth Analog Factor

Range: 0.000 to 65.535
Default: 0.000

nth Analog Offset

Range: -32768 to 32767
Default: 0

6.5.10.3 COMMANDS
SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > IEC 103 POINTS LISTS > COMMANDS
There are 32 instances of commands: Commands 0 to Commands 31

Command [x] Func Type

Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

Command [x] Info Num

Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

Command [x] ON
Range: OFF, [options]
Default: OFF

Command [x] OFF

Range: OFF, [Breaker and Switch open close options, Virtual input options]
Default: OFF

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6.5.11 IEC 103 DISTURBANCE RECORDER

SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > IEC103 DISTURBANCE RECORDER > DIGITAL CHANNEL
1(64)
There are 64 digital channels, each with the following settings:

FUNC TYPE
Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

INFO NUM
Range: 0 to 255
Default: 0

6.5.12 GOOSE SUBSCRIBE

6.5.12.1 REMOTE INPUTS

SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > GOOSE SUBSCRIBE > REMOTE INPUTS
There are 256 remote inputs, each with the following settings:

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default RI [x]

DEFAULT STATE
Range: Off, On, Latest/Off, Latest/On
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

6.5.12.2 REMOTE INPUTS DPS

SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > GOOSE SUBSCRIBE > REMOTE INPUTS DPS
There are 16 remote inputs, each with the following settings:

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default RI DPS [x]

DEFAULT STATE
Range: Intermediate, Off, On, Bad State, Latest
Default: Latest

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6.5.12.3 GOOSE ANALOG

Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: BlankSETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > GOOSE SUBSCRIBE > GOOSE ANALOG

Float settings (1 to 24)

FLOAT NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default GOOSE Float[x]

FLOAT ID
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Blank

DEFAULT MODE
Range: Default value, Last known
Default: Default Value

DEFAULT VALUE
Range: -10000000.000 to 10000000.000
Default: 1000.000

UNITS
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Blank

PU BASE
Range: 0.001 to 10000000.000
Default: 1.000

SINT32 settings (1 to 8)

SINT32 NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: GOOSE Sint [x]

SINT32 ID
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Blank

DEFAULT MODE
Range: Default value, Last known
Default: Default Value

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DEFAULT VALUE
Range: -10000000.000 to 10000000.000
Default: 1000

UNITS
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Blank

PU BASE
Range: 0.001 to 10000000.000
Default: 1.000

6.5.13 IEC 61850 MMS

SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > IEC61850 MMS

MMS PROTOCOL
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

6.5.14 TFTP
SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > TFTP

TFTP Protocol
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

6.5.15 SFTP/SSH
SETPOINTS > DEVICE > COMMUNICATIONS > SFTP/SSH

SFTP/SSH
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

6.5.16 SNMP
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a network protocol designed to manage devices in an IP
network.The SNMP system consists of an agent, a manager and the communication protocol between agent and
manager. 8-series relays implement the SNMP agent functionality to provide SNMP services to the SNMP manager.
The SNMP manager is the client and is not in the scope of this specification.
SNMP implementation uses UDP as the transport protocol. The SNMP agent running in the device, uses port 161 to
process SNMP manager's request. For the SNMP agent to report the trap messages, SNMP manager uses port
162. SNMPv2c and SNMPv3 both use UDP and the same port. SNMPv2c provides a security mechanism via the
use of a community name in plain text. An SNMP Read-Only Community String is implemented in the device, which
is like a user id or password that is sent along with each SNMP Get-Request. SNMPv3 uses User-based Security
Model (USM) and provides security via authentication and privacy. SNMPv3 uses HMAC-MD5-96 and HMAC-

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SHA-96 as the authentication protocols and uses Cipher Block Chaining Data Encryption Standard (CBC-DES)
symmetric encryption protocol as the privacy protocol.
SNMP Protocol Operations Supported by product?
GET REQUEST YES
GET NEXT REQUEST YES
GET RESPONSE YES
SET REQUEST NO
TRAP YES
GETBULK REQUEST YES
INFORM NO

Note:
A full list of supported SNMP services are listed in RFC1905 for SNMPv2c and RFC3416 for SNMPv3.

Path: Device > Communications > SNMP

SNMP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
This setting enables and disables the SNMP functionality. When set to Disabled, SNMP services are disabled.
When set to enabled, SNMP services are enabled and MIBs are reported to SNMP client.

SNMP VERSION
Range: V3, V2C
Default: V3
This setting specifies the SNMP version to be used.

TRAP DEST. IP1

Range: 0.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.254 in steps of 1
Default: 0.0.0.0
This is the Trap destination IP for the SNMP interface, which needs to be set to the SNMP manager IP address.
Setting this cell to 0.0.0.0 disables the Trap interface.

TRAP DEST. IP2

Range: 0.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.254 in steps of 1
Default: 0.0.0.0
This is the Trap destination IP for the SNMP interface, which needs to be set to the SNMP manager IP address.
Setting this cell to 0.0.0.0 disables the Trap interface.

COMMUNITY NAME
Range: 8 ACSII characters
Default: AAAAAAAA
This is the SNMP v2c community name setting, used for authentication between the SNMP manager and the
relay. The community name must be the same in both the SNMP Manager and the IED.

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USER NAME
Range: 16 ACSII characters
Default: ReadOnlyUserName
This setting is the SNMP v3 user name.

SECURITY LEVEL
Range: NoAuthNoPriv, AuthNoPriv, AuthPriv
Default: AuthNoPriv
This represents the SNMP v3 security level. The levels of security are defined by the SNMP standard: 0 -
Without authentication and without privacy (NoAuthNoPriv) 1 - With authentication but without privacy
(AuthNoPriv) 2 - With authentication and with privacy (AuthPriv) Authentication is used to check the identity of
users. Privacy allows for encryption of SNMP messages.

AUTH PROTOCOL
Range: HMAC-MD5-96, HMAC-SHA-96
Default: HMAC-MD5-96
This is the SNMP v3 Authentication Protocol, which sets the hash-based message authentication code function
used for the authentication of messages. MD5 - Message Digest implementationSHA - Secure Hash Algorithm
implementationSHA is considered cryptographically stronger than MD5 but takes a longer time to compute. Both
implementations are considered secure. The SNMP Manager and the IED must use the same Authentication
Protocol.

AUTH PASSWORD
Range: 8 ACSII characters
Default: AAAAAAAA
The setting used for the SNMP v3 Authentication Password.

ENCRYPT PROTOCOL
Range: CBC-DES
Default: CBC-DES
This is the SNMP v3 encryption protocol, which is a read-only setting.

ENCRYPT PASSWORD
Range: 8 ACSII characters
Default: BBBBBBBB
This is the SNMP v3 encryption protocol, which is a read-only setting.

6.5.16.1 SNMP MIB

SNMP uses a Management Information Base (MIB), which contains information about parameters to supervise. The
MIB format is a tree structure, with each node in the tree identified by a numerical Object Identifier (OID). Each OID
identifies a variable that can be read using SNMP with the appropriate software. The information in the MIB is
standardized. Each device in a network (workstation, server, router, bridge, etc.) maintains a MIB that reflects the
status of the managed resources on that system, such as the version of the software running on the device, the IP
address assigned to a port or interface, the amount of free hard drive space, or the number of open files. The MIB
does not contain static data, but is instead an object-oriented, dynamic database that provides a logical collection of
managed object definitions. The MIB defines the data type of each managed object and describes the object.The

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following table lists all the MIB points and the data sources mapping. The data source mapping may differ between
products.
Address Name Trigger Map
1.3.6.1.4.1.13248. OID Prefix

1 8 Series

1 System Data

1 Model Number No

2 Serial Number No

3 Software Revision No

4 Frequency No

2 Date and Time

1 Date Time No

2 IRIG-B Status (not for 859) Yes

3 Active Sync Source Yes

5 SNTP Server 1 No

6 SNTP Server 2 No

7 SNTP Status Yes

8 PTP Status Yes

3 System Alarms

1 Settings File Rejected Yes

2 Major Error Yes

3 Minor Error Yes

4 Port 4 Fails Yes

5 Port 5 Fails Yes

6 SNTP Failure Yes

7 PTP Failure Yes

8 IRIG-B Failure (not for 859) Yes

9 Device Out Of Service Yes

4 Device Mode

1 IED Mod/Beh Yes

2 Simulation Mode of Subscription Yes

SNMPv3 SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB
When the SNMP version is set to V3, SNMP client can access MIB SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB as defined in
RFC3414. When the version is set to V2C, this MIB is not accessible. SNMPv3 must implement this MIB to satisfy
USM conformance statement if SNMPv3 adopts USM as its security model. The following table shows the SNMP
user-based security model MIB.
Address Name Trigger Map

1.3.6.1.6.3.15 snmpUsmMIB

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Address Name Trigger Map

1 usmMIBObjects

1 usmStats

1 usmStatsUnsupportedSecLevels No

2 usmStatsNotInTimeWindows No

3 usmStatsUnknownUserNames No

4 usmStatsUnknownEngineIDs No

5 usmStatsWrongDigests No

6 usmStatsDecryptionErrors No

2 usmUser

1 usmUserSpinLock No

2 usmUserTable

1 usmUserEntry

1 usmUserEngineID No

2 usmUserName No

3 usmUserSecurityName No

4 usmUserCloneFrom No

5 usmUserAuthProtocol No

6 usmUserAuthKeyChange No

7 usmUserOwnAuthKeyChange No

8 usmUserPrivProtocol No

9 usmUserPrivKeyChange No

10 usmUserOwnPrivKeyChange No

11 usmUserPublic No

12 usmUserStorageType No

13 usmUserStatus No
The below table shows the SNMP MIB for PRP:
Address Name

0 ITU

1 ISO

0 Standard

62439 IECHighavailibility

3 PRP

1 linkRedundancyEntityObjects

0 lreConfiguration

0 lreConfigurationGeneralGroup

1 lreManufacturerName

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Address Name

2 lreInterfaceCount

1 lreConfigurationInterfaceGroup

0 lreConfigurationInterfaces

1 lreInterfaceConfigTable

1 lreInterfaceConfigEntry

1 lreInterfaceConfigIndex

2 lreRowStatus

3 lreNodeType

4 lreNodeName

5 lreVersionName

6 lreMacAddressA

7 lreMacAddressB

8 lreAdapterAdminStateA

9 lreAdapterAdminStateB

10 lreLinkStatusA

11 lreLinkStatusB

12 lreDuplicateDiscard

13 lreTransparentReception

14 lreHsrLREMode

15 lreSwitchingEndNode

16 lreRedBoxIdentity

17 lreSanA

18 lreSanB

19 lreEvaluateSupervision

20 lreNodesTableClear

21 lreProxyNodeTableClear

1 lreStatistics

1 lreStatisticsInterfaceGroup

0 lreStatisticsInterfaces

1 lreInterfaceStatsTable

1 lreInterfaceStatsIndex

2 lreCntTotalSentA

3 lreCntTotalSentB

4 lreCntErrWrongLANA

5 lreCntErrWrongLANB

6 lreCntReceivedA

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Address Name

7 lreCntReceivedB

8 lreCntErrorsA

9 lreCntErrorsB

10 lreCntNodes

11 IreOwnRxCntA

12 IreOwnRxCntB

3 lreProxyNodeTable

1 lreProxyNodeEntry

1 reProxyNodeIndex

2 reProxyNodeMacAddress

6.5.17 IEC 61850

The optional communications processor supports both the IEC 61850 GOOSE and IEC 61850 MMS Server service
as per IEC 61850 standard Ed. 2. The GOOSE messaging service provides the ability for the relay to Publish/
Subscribe Digital Input and other element statuses and its Quality and Timestamp to/from other IEDs with
supporting GOOSE messaging service. Server support allows remote control center, RTU/Gateway, local HMI or
other client role devices access to the relay for monitoring and control. The configuration of IEC 61850 services is
accomplished using the EnerVista D&I Setup software.
The IEC 61850 Server (i.e. the relay) reports information to the IEC 61850 Client, such as the Local HMI, RTU and
Gateway. This information consists of logical device data, data sets, data control block, logical nodes and their data
attributes.
Appendix B lists the implementation details of IEC 61850, including the logical nodes and number of instances for
each that are supported..
Data Obj data attribute Type FC Name Description
PhyHealth ENS This physical device’s health
stVal ENUMERATED ST 3 when ANY MAJOR ERROR ==On; 2
when ANY MINOR ERROR==On; 1
otherwise

6.5.17.1 IEC61850 CONFIGURATOR

The relay supports the IEC 61850 protocol, which is an order code option.
The IEC 61850 configurator is found in both the online and offline section of the EnerVista D&I Setup software for
configuring the online and offline settings file respectively.

ONLINE SETTINGS FILE

Two options are available to configure the relay’s online settings file.
1. Configuration
○ Configure the device through the Device Setup or Quick connect screen.
○ The IEC 61850 Configurator item is displayed after Maintenance.

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○ Launch the online IEC 61850 configurator screen, by double-clicking on IEC61850 Configurator.
○ Select the required settings from the different tab displays (in the configurator screen) to complete the
IEC 61850 configuration.
2. Online right-click option
○ Select any online relay and right click on the selected item. More options become available for
selection, as described below.
ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
Generate ICD file: The menu option generates a default ICD file with the respective order code option and saves
the file to the path selected previously.

Read Device Settings: The menu option reads all the settings from the relay by TFTP and creates a file with
extension *.CID. The created *.CID file consists of two sections. A private section where all non IEC 61850 settings
are available, and a public section in which IEC 61850 related settings are implemented.
When creating a CID file using a 3rd party ICT/SCL tool, ensure the following:
● The order code in the CID file must match the device order code if writing the CID file directly into the relay.
The Desc value in communication settings of the CID file must match the relay’s order code.
● The maximum allowed services must be equal or below the specified limits as in ICD/CID.
● Configure Datasets only in LLN0 logical node.
● Creating new LD, LN, and communication-AP settings is not recommended.

OFFLINE SETTINGS FILE

The Generate ICD File menu option generates a default ICD file with the respective order code option and saves
the file to the path selected previously.

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IEC 61850 CONFIGURATOR DETAILS

The IEC61850 Configurator allows editing of all sections of the IEC 61850 CID and ICD file. No other operations
can be performed in the EnerVista D&I Setup software if the IEC61850 Configurator is open. Close the IEC 61850
session to perform other operations.

Note:
When the IEC 61850 configuration is saved while online, the DEVICE IN SERVICE state (Setpoints > Device > Installation)
switches to Not Ready for the duration of the upload. This ensures that all new settings are applied before the device is
operational.

The IEC61850 Configurator for firmware V4.1 and later consists of these items in the hierarchy menu.
● Access Point Addressing
● Settings
● DataSets
● Reports
● GOOSE
:

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6.6 TRANSIENT RECORDER

The Transient Recorder contains waveforms captured at the same sampling rate as the other relay data at the point
of trigger. By default, data is captured for all AC current and voltage inputs available on the relay as ordered.
Transient record is generated upon change of state of at least one of the assigned triggers: Trigger Source,
Trigger on Any Pickup, Trigger on Any Operate, Trigger on Alarm, or Trigger on Trip.
The number of cycles captured in a single transient record varies based on the number of records, sample rate, and
the number of selected channels. There is a fixed amount of data storage for the Transient Recorder: the more data
captured, the less the number of cycles captured per record.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Transient Recorder

NUMBER OF RECORDS
Range: 1 to 16 in steps of 1
Default: 5
The selection from the range defines the desired number of records.

SAMPLES PER CYCLE

Range: 8/c, 16/c, 32/c, 64/c, 128/c
Default: 32/c
This setpoint provides a selection of samples-per-cycle for representing the waveform. The waveform records
can be viewed using the EnerVista D&I Setup software software.

TRIGGER MODE
Range: Overwrite, Protected
Default: Overwrite
When Overwrite setting is selected, the new records overwrite the old ones, meaning the relay will always
keep the newest records as per the selected number of records. In Protected mode, the relay will keep the
number of records corresponding to the selected number of records, without saving further records that are
beyond the selected number of records.

TRIGGER POSITION
Range: 0 to 100% in steps of 1%
Default: 20%
This setting indicates the location of the trigger with respect to the selected length of record. For example at 20%
selected trigger position, the length of each record will be split on 20% pre-trigger data, and 80% post-trigger
data.

TRIGGER SOURCE:
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The trigger source can be any digital input: an operand from the list of FlexLogic operands, a contact input, a
contact output, a virtual input or output, or a remote input or output.

TRIGGER ON ANY PICKUP

Range: On, Off
Default: Off

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Selection of On enables triggering of the recorder upon pickup condition detected by any of the protection or
control elements.

TRIGGER ON ANY OPERATE

Range: On, Off
Default: Off
Selection of On enables triggering of the recorder upon operate state of any of the enabled protection or control
elements.

TRIGGER ON TRIP
Range: On, Off
Default: Off
Selecting the On setting enables triggering of the recorder when any of the protection elements configured as a
Trip function operates, or the state of the operand assigned to operate the #1 Trip output relay changes to
High.

TRIGGER ON ALARM
Range: On, Off
Default: Off
Selecting On setting enables triggering of the recorder when any of the protection elements configured as
Alarm, or Latched Alarm function operates, or the state of the operand assigned to trigger the Alarm LED
changes to High.

DIGITAL INPUT 1 to 64
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

ANALOG INPUT 1 to 16
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic analog parameter
Default: Off

Note:
A consecutive transient record cannot be triggered until the first record has been completed.

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6.7 DATA LOGGER

The data logger samples and records up to 16 analog parameters at a configured rate. All data is stored in non-
volatile memory, where the information is retained upon a relay control power loss.
The data logger can be configured with a few channels over a long period of time, or with larger number of channels
for a shorter period of time. The relay automatically partitions the available memory between the channels in use.
The selection of the rate for logging data also affects the duration of recorded data. The data logger has longer
duration for sampling rates at longer periods of time (i.e. 1 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour), as compared to sampling
rates at short periods (i.e. per cycle, or per second).
The recorded data can be downloaded to EnerVista D&I Setup software and displayed with parameters on the
vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.

Note:
If data is not available for the entire duration of pre-trigger, the trigger position will be based on available pre-trigger.

Path: Setpoints > Device > Data Logger

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Continuous, Triggered
Default: Continuous
This setting configures the mode in which the data logger operates. When set to Continuous, the data logger
actively records any configured channels at the rate defined in the Data Logger Rate setting. The data logger is
idle in this mode if no channels are configured. When set to Triggered, the data logger begins to record any
configured channels at the instance of the rising edge of the trigger (FlexLogic operand). The data logger
ignores all subsequent triggers and continues to record data until the active record is full. Once the data logger is
full, capturing of data stops until it is cleared.
Clear Data Logger
Once the data logger is full, a Clear Data Logger command is required to clear the data logger record, before a
new record can be started. Performing the Clear Data Logger command also stops the current record and resets
the data logger to be ready for the next trigger. The Clear Data Logger command is located at Setpoints >
Records > Clear Records. The Data Logger Storage Capacity table below shows an example of the
dependency of the data logger storage capacity with respect to the selected number of channels, and the
selected rate (time interval) at which the logged values are taken. The Data Logger buffer space can be
monitored to produce an alarm when the logged data occupies 80% of the data logger storage space. Target
message, and operand Data Logger ALRM is generated at this time.

TRIGGER
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting selects the signal used to trigger the start of a new data logger record. Any FlexLogic operand can
be used as a trigger source. The Triggered setting only applies when the Data Logger Function is set to
“Triggered”.

TRIGGER POSITION
Range: 0 to 50% steps of 1%
Default: 20%
This setpoint defines the percentage of buffer space that is used for recording pre-trigger samples.

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DATA LOG FULL ALARM (4.10 onwards)

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
This setpoint disables/enables the Data Logger Full event and target message.

RATE
Range: 1 cycle, 1 second, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24
hours
Default: 1 minute
This setting selects the time interval at which the actual value is recorded.

CHANNEL 1(16) SOURCE

Range: Off, Any FlexAnalog parameter
Default: Off
This setpoint selects the metering analog value that is to be recorded in Channel 1(16) of the data log. The
parameters available in a given relay are dependent on: the type of relay, the type and number of CT/VT
hardware installed, and the type and number of Analog Inputs hardware installed. Upon startup, the relay
automatically prepares the parameter list.

CHANNEL 1(16) MODE

Default: Sample
Range: Sample, Min, Max, Mean
This setpoint defines the type of sample to be logged in the data logger record with respect to the selected rate,
i.e the time interval selected under the setpoint Rate.
While enabled the Data Logger executes every protection pass and each of the four modes —Sample, Max,
Min or Mean. The FlexAnalog values are updated at protection-pass rate:
In Sample mode the data logger records the FlexAnalog value updated in the first protection-pass from the time
interval selected under setpoint Rate.
In Max mode the data logger records the maximum protection pass value of the selected FlexAnalog parameter
from all protection pass values from the time interval selected under setpoint Rate.
In Min mode the data logger records the minimum protection pass value of the selected FlexAnalog parameter
from all protection pass values from the time interval selected under setpoint Rate.
In Mean mode, the data logger records the average value among all the values at protection-pass rate, from the
time interval selected under setpoint Rate.
The mean (average) is calculated simply using the well known ratio between the sum of all the values and their
number over the time interval.

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Figure 68: Data Logger Storage Capacity

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6.8 FAULT REPORTS

The relay supports up to 15 fault reports. The trigger conditions and the analog quantities to be stored are entered
in this menu.
When enabled, this function monitors the pre-fault trigger. The pre-fault data are stored in the memory for
prospective creation of the fault report on the rising edge of the pre-fault trigger. The element waits for the fault
trigger as long as the pre-fault trigger is asserted, but not shorter than 1 second. When the fault trigger occurs, the
fault data is stored and the complete report is created. If the fault trigger does not occur within 1 second after the
pre-fault trigger drops out, the element resets and no record is created.
The user-programmable fault report contains a header with the following information:
● Relay model
● Device name
● Firmware revision
● Date and time of trigger
● Name of pre-fault trigger (FlexLogic operand)
● Name of Fault trigger (FlexLogic operand)
● Active setting group at the time of pre-fault trigger
● Active setting group at the time of fault trigger.
The fault report continues with the following information:
● All current and voltage phasors (one cycle after the fault trigger)
● Pre-fault values for all programmed analog channels (one cycle before pre-fault trigger)
● Fault values of all programmed analog channels (one cycle after the fault trigger)
Each Fault Report created can be saved as a text file using the Enervista software. The file names are numbered
sequentially to show which file is older than the other.
The trigger can be any FlexLogic operand, but in most applications it is expected to be the same operand, usually a
virtual output, that is used to drive an output relay to trip a breaker. A Fault Rpt Trig event is automatically created
when the report is triggered.
If a number of protection elements, such as overcurrent elements, are ORed to create a fault report trigger, the first
operation of any element causing the OR gate output to become high triggers the fault report. However, If other
elements operate during the fault and the first operated element has not been reset (the OR gate output is still
high), the fault report is not triggered again. Considering the reset time of protection elements, there is very little
chance that fault report can be triggered twice in this manner. As the fault report must capture a usable amount of
pre and post-fault data, it cannot be triggered faster than every 20 ms.
The fault report stores data, in non-volatile memory, pertinent to an event when triggered. Each fault report is stored
as a file to a maximum capacity of fifteen files. A sixteenth trigger overwrites the oldest file.
The Enervista software is required to view all captured data. The relay faceplate display can be used to view the
date and time of trigger, the fault type and the distance location of the fault.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Fault Report

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

PRE-FAULT TRIGGER
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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This setpoint specifies the FlexLogic operand to capture the pre-fault data. The rising edge of this operand
stores one cycle-old data for subsequent reporting. The element waits for the fault trigger to actually create a
record as long as the operand selected as Pre-Fault Trigger is On. If the operand remains Off for 1 second, the
element resets and no record is created.

FAULT TRIGGER
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint specifies the FlexLogic operand to capture the fault data. The rising edge of this operand stores the
data as fault data and results in a new report. The trigger (not the pre-fault trigger) controls the date and time of
the report. The distance to fault calculations are initiated by this signal.

ANALOG CHANNELS 1 to 32
These settings specify an actual value such as voltage or current magnitude, true RMS, phase angle, frequency,
temperature, etc., to be stored should the report be created. Up to 32 analog channels can be configured.

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6.9 EVENT DATA

The Event Data feature stores 64 FlexAnalog quantities each time an event occurs. The relay is able to capture a
maximum of 1024 records. The Event Data behavior matches that of the Event Recorder. This is a Platform feature
and a Basic option so it has no dependencies.
There is no enabling or disabling of the feature. It is always on.
When changes are made to the Event Data settings, the Event data is cleared and the Snapshot.txt file is deleted.
The Event Record remains as is and is not cleared.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Event Data

PARAMETER 1 to 64
Range: Off, any FlexAnalog Parameter
Default: Off

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6.10 MOTOR EVENTS

Path: Setpoints\Device\Motor Events.
Events associated with Motor Status can be Enabled or Disabled by the corresponding setpoint programmed under
the path: Setpoints > Device > Motor Events

MOTOR STOPPED
Range: Disabled, enabled
Default: Enabled

MOTOR STARTING
Range: Disabled, enabled
Default: Enabled

MOTOR RUNNING
Range: Disabled, enabled
Default: Enabled

MOTOR OVERLOAD
Range: Disabled, enabled
Default: Enabled

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6.11 FLEX STATES

The Flex State feature provides a mechanism where any of 256 selected FlexLogic operand states or any inputs
can be used for efficient monitoring.
The feature allows user-customized access to the FlexLogic operand states in the relay. The state bits are packed
so that 16 states may be read out in a single Modbus register. The state bits can be configured so that all of the
states which are of interest are available in a minimum number of Modbus registers.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Flex States

PARAMETER 1 (to 256)

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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6.12 FRONT PANEL

The relay provides an easy to use faceplate for menu navigation through five navigation pushbuttons and high
quality graphical display. Conveniently located on the panel is a group of seven pushbuttons for Up/Down value
selection, Enter, Home, Escape, Help, and Reset functions. The faceplate includes three programmable function
pushbuttons with LEDs.
The ten pushbutton membrane faceplate (available for 850 only for hardware versions A and B, and all models for
hardware version C) includes ten programmable function pushbuttons and twelve programmable LEDs.

Note:
The USB port on the Front Panel is intended for connection to a portable PC.

6.12.1 PROGRAMMABLE LEDS

Path: Setpoints > Device > Front panel >Programmable LEDs

LED “IN SERVICE”

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: In-Service
This setpoint requires assigning of FlexLogic operand to turn on the LED “In Service” This LED indicates that
control power is applied, all monitored inputs, outputs, and internal systems are OK, and that the device has
been programmed.

LED “TRIP”
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Any Trip
The setpoint requires a FlexLogic operand to be assigned in order to turn on the TRIP LED, when triggered. This
indicator always latches, and a reset command must be initiated to allow the latch to be reset.
The LED can be also triggered by the operation of a protection, control, or monitoring element with its function
selected as Trip.

LED “ALARM”
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Any Alarm
The setpoint requires a FlexLogic operand to be assigned in order to turn on the ALARM LED, when triggered.
The indicator is a self-reset indicator, unless it is initiated from a protection, control, or monitoring element whose
function is selected as Latched Alarm. Resetting the Latched Alarm LED is performed by initiating a Reset
command.

LED “PICKUP”
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Any Pickup
The setpoint requires a FlexLogic operand to be assigned in order to turn on the PICKUP LED , when triggered.
The indicator is a self-rest indicator and will turn off if the condition evolves into a fault or the measured
parameter drops below the pickup level.

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LED x NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: LED 5
The setpoint is used to select the LED name by choosing up to 13 alphanumeric characters.

LED x COLOR
Range: Off, Red, Green, Orange
Default: Orange
The setpoint selects the color of the LED. Three colors are available for selection: Red, Green, and Orange.

Note:
This setting is not available for LEDs 18 to 24.

LED x TRIGGER
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operands
Default: Testing On
This setpoint requires the assigning of a FlexLogic operand to trigger the selected LED upon operation.

LED x TYPE
Range: Self-reset, Latched
Default: Testing On
The setpoint defines the type of LED indication as either Self-Reset (the LED resets after the FlexLogic
operand drops out), or Latched (the LED stays latched upon dropping out of the FlexLogic operand).

6.12.1.1 LED ALLOCATION TABLES

Default LED setpoints for 3 Pushbutton Front Panels

Name Color Trigger Type
LED1 In Service Green In-Service Self-Reset
LED2 Trip Red Any Trip Latched
LED3 Alarm Orange Any Alarm Self-Reset
LED4 Pickup Green Any Pickup Self-Reset
LED5 TEST MODE Orange Testing ON Self-Reset
LED6 MESSAGE Orange Active Target Self-Reset
LED7 LOCAL MODE Orange Local Mode ON Self-Reset
LED8 BKR OPEN Green BKR Opened Self-Reset
LED9 BKR CLOSED Red BKR Closed Self-Reset
LED10 LED 10 Green Off Self-Reset
LED11 SYNCHECK OK Green Sync 1 Check OK Self-Reset
LED12 AR Enabled Orange AR1 Enabled Self-Reset
850 with AR Function
LED12 LED 12 Orange AR1 Enabled Self-Reset
850 without AR
Function

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Name Color Trigger Type

LED13 AR In Progress Orange AR1 In Progress Self-Reset
850 with AR Function
LED13 LED 13 Orange AR1 Enabled Self-Reset
850 without AR
Function
LED14 AR Lockout Orange AR1 Lockout Self-Reset
850 with AR Function
LED14 LED 14 Orange AR1 Enabled Self-Reset
850 without AR
Function
LED12 AR ENABLED Orange AR1 Enabled Self-Reset
LED13 AR IN PROGRESS Orange AR1 In Progress Self-Reset
LED14 AR LOCKOUT Orange AR1 Lockout Self-Reset
LED15 PB 1 Orange Pushbutton 1 ON Self-Reset
LED16 PB 2 Orange Pushbutton 2 ON Self-Reset
LED17 PB 3 Orange Pushbutton 3 ON Self-Reset

Default LED setpoints for 10 Pushbutton Membrane Front Panel

Name Color Trigger Type
LED1 In Service Green In-Service Self-Reset
LED2 Trip Red Any Trip Latched
LED3 Alarm Orange Any Alarm Self-Reset
LED4 Pickup Green Any Pickup Self-Reset
LED5 TEST MODE Orange Testing ON Self-Reset
LED6 MESSAGE Orange Active Target Self-Reset
LED7 PHASE A FAULT Orange Ph TOC 1 OP A Self-Reset
LED8 PHASE B FAULT Green Ph TOC 1 OP B Self-Reset

LED9 PHASE C FAULT Red Ph TOC 1 OP C Self-Reset

LED10 GROUND FAULT Green GND TOC 1 OP Self-Reset

LED11 50P INST OC Green Ph IOC 1 OP Self-Reset

LED12 850 with AR AR Lockout Orange AR1 LOCKOUT Self-Reset

Function
LED12 850 without AR 27 Phase UV Orange AR1 LOCKOUT Self-Reset
Function
LED 13 Not available Not available Not available Not available

LED 14 Not available Not available Not available Not available

LED15 PB 1 Orange PB 1 On (Open) Self-Reset

LED16 PB 2 Orange PB 2 On (Close) Self-Reset

LED17 PB 3 Orange PB 3 On (Reclose Self-Reset

Enbld)
LED18 PB 4 Orange PB 4 On (GndTrip Self-Reset
Enbld)

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Name Color Trigger Type

LED19 PB 5 Orange PB 5 On (Remote Self-Reset
Enbld)
LED20 PB 6 Orange PB 6 On (Hot Line Tag) Self-Reset

LED21 PB 7 Orange PB 7 On (Demand Self-Reset

Reset)
LED22 PB 8 Orange PB 8 On (Alt Settings) Self-Reset

LED23 PB 9 Orange PB 9 On (Trig Osc) Self-Reset

LED24 PB 10 Orange PB 10 On (PB Block) Self-Reset

6.12.2 PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS

Note:
The 10 pushbutton panel is available only for the 850 for hardware versions A and B, and for all models from hardware
version C.

The user-programmable pushbuttons provide an easy and error-free method of entering digital state (on, off)
information. Depending on the faceplate three to ten pushbuttons are available for programming.
The digital state of the pushbuttons can be entered only locally (by directly pressing the front panel pushbutton).
Typical applications include breaker control, autorecloser blocking and settings groups changes. The user-
programmable pushbuttons are under the control level of password protection.

Figure 69: 3 Pushbutton Front Panel

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Figure 70: 10 Pushbutton Front Panel

Each pushbutton asserts its own on and off FlexLogic operands (for example, PUSHBUTTON 1 ON and
PUSHBUTTON 1 OFF). These operands are available for each pushbutton and are used to program specific
actions. Each pushbutton has an associated LED indicator. By default, this indicator displays the present status of
the corresponding pushbutton; ON or OFF. This can be changed by programming the LED Trigger setting in the
Programmable LED settings menu.
The activation and deactivation of user-programmable pushbuttons is dependent on whether latched or self-reset
mode is programmed.

LATCHED MODE
In Latched Mode, a pushbutton can be set (activated) by directly pressing the associated front panel pushbutton.
The pushbutton maintains the set state until deactivated by a Reset command or after a user-specified time delay.
The state of each pushbutton is stored in non-volatile memory and maintained through loss of control power.
The pushbutton is Reset (deactivated) in Latched Mode by directly pressing the associated active front panel
pushbutton. It can also be programmed to Reset automatically through the PB 1 AUTORESET and PB 1
AUTORESET DELAY settings. These settings enable the auto-reset timer and specify the associated time delay.
The auto-reset timer can be used in select-before-operate (SBO) switching device control applications, where the
command type (CLOSE/OPEN) must be selected prior to command execution. The selection must Reset
automatically if control is not executed within a specified time period.

SELF-RESET MODE
In Self-reset mode, a pushbutton remains active for the time it is pressed (the pulse duration) plus the Dropout time
specified in the PUSHBTN 1 DROPOUT TIME setting. The pushbutton is Reset (deactivated) in Self-reset mode
when the dropout delay specified in the PUSHBTN 1 DROPOUT TIME setting expires.The pulse duration of the
pushbutton must be at least 50 ms to operate the pushbutton. This allows the user-programmable pushbuttons to
properly operate during power cycling events and various system disturbances that may cause transient assertion
of the operating signals.

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The operation of each user-programmable pushbutton can be inhibited through the PUSHBTN 1 LOCK setting. If
locking is applied, the pushbutton ignores the commands executed through the front panel pushbuttons. The locking
functions are not applied to the auto-reset feature. In this case, the inhibit function can be used in SBO control
operations to prevent the pushbutton function from being activated and ensuring “one-at-a-time” select operation.
The locking functions can also be used to prevent accidental pressing of the front panel pushbuttons.
Pushbutton states can be logged by the Event Recorder and displayed as Target Messages. In latched mode, user-
defined messages can also be associated with each pushbutton and displayed when the pushbutton is ON or
changing to OFF.
Path:Setpoints > Device > Programmable PBs > Pushbutton 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset
This setting selects the characteristic of the pushbutton. If set to Disabled the pushbutton is not active and the
corresponding FlexLogic operands (both ON and OFF) are de-asserted. If set to Self-reset the control logic is
activated by the pulse (longer than 100 ms) issued when the pushbutton is being physically pressed.
When in Self-reset mode and activated locally, the pushbutton control logic asserts the ON corresponding
FlexLogic operand as long as the pushbutton is being physically pressed, and after being released the
deactivation of the operand is delayed by the PUSHBTN 1 DROPOUT TIME setting. The OFF operand is
asserted when the pushbutton element is deactivated.
If set to Latched, the control logic alternates the state of the corresponding FlexLogic operand between ON and
OFF on each button press or by virtually activating the pushbutton (assigning Set and Reset operands). When in
Latched mode, the states of the FlexLogic operands are stored in a non-volatile memory. Should the power
supply be lost, the correct state of the pushbutton is retained upon subsequent power-up of the relay.

ID TEXT
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Open (PB1), Close (PB2), F1 (PB3), Gnd Trip Enabled (PB4), SCADA Enabled (PB5), Hot Line Tag
(PB6), Demand Reset (PB7), Alt Settings (PB8), Target Reset (PB9), PB Block (PB10)
Default: Start (PB1), Stop (PB2), F1 (PB3), Gnd Trip Enabled (PB4), SCADA Enabled (PB5), Hot Line Tag
(PB6), Demand Reset (PB7), Alt Settings (PB8), Target Reset (PB9), PB Block (PB10)
This setting specifies the 13-character line of the user-programmable message and is intended to provide the ID
information of the pushbutton.

ON TEXT
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: PB1 On (or PB[X] On)
This setting specifies the 13-character line of the user-programmable message and is displayed when the
pushbutton is in the ON position.

OFF TEXT
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: PB1 Off (or PB[X] On)
This setting specifies the 13-character line of the user-programmable message and is displayed when the
pushbutton is activated from the ON to the OFF position and the PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION is Latched. This
message is not displayed when the PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION is Self-reset as the pushbutton operand

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status is implied to be “OFF” upon its release. The length of the “OFF” message is configured with the
PRODUCT SETUP/DISPLAY PROPERTIES/FLASH MESSAGE TIME setting.
The message programmed in the PUSHBTN 1 ID and PUSHBTN 1 ON TEXT settings will be displayed as long
as Pushbutton 1 On operand is asserted, but not longer than the time period specified by the FLASH MESSAGE
TIME setting. After the flash time has expired, the default message or other active target message is displayed.
The instantaneous Reset of the flash message will be executed if any relay front panel button is pressed or if
any new target or message becomes active.
The PUSHBTN 1 OFF TEXT setting is linked to Pushbutton 1 Off operand and will be displayed in conjunction
with PUSHBTN 1 ID only if the pushbutton element is in Latched mode.

HOLD PRESSED
Range: 0.0 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.1 s
This setting specifies the time required for a pushbutton to be pressed before it is deemed active.
The timer is Reset upon release of the pushbutton. Note that any pushbutton operation will require the
pushbutton to be pressed a minimum of 60 ms. This minimum time is required prior to activating the pushbutton
hold timer.

AUTORESET
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the user-programmable pushbutton Autoreset feature. The setting is applicable only if the
pushbutton is in Latched mode.

AUTORESET DELAY
Range: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 1.0 s
This setting specifies the time delay for automatic Reset of the pushbutton when in the Latched mode.

LOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting assigns a FlexLogic operand serving to inhibit pushbutton operation from the front panel
pushbuttons. This locking functionality is not applicable to pushbutton autoreset.

DROPOUT TIME
Range: 0.0 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.0 s
This setting applies only to Self-reset mode and specifies the duration of the pushbutton “active” status after
the pushbutton has been released. The length of time the operand remains on has no effect on the pulse
duration.
The setting is required to set the duration of the pushbutton operating pulse.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled

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Default: Enabled

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❑❑❏ ✓✧ ❞✦✫
▲ ✲ ✲ ✌✑ ✧✓ ❇✧✖
✏✎ ✧
❅
✹ ✹ ✌✍☞ ❵✖✗✒ ✰✯✯
❅☞ ❪ ❅☞ ❪ ☛ ❆ ✮
❫✌✏ ❭✲ ✲
✏❫✌ ❴✲

❩❬ ▼◆❖ ▼◆❖

❇✑ ❇✑ ❲
❇✑ ■■ ✘✜✗ ✲ ❆❅ ❆❅ ❍
❆❅ ❍ ✖✛ ✣✛ ✭✬ ✦✬✗ ☞✍ ❱ ☞✍ ● ✜✗✘✛✖
☞✍ ● ✘✒ ✢✗✙ ✘✪✫ ✱✙ ✎ ❚s ✎ ❋❊
✎ ❋❊ ✚✙ ✮✴ ✧✩ ❄✏ ❳ ❄✏ ✮ ✒✘
❄✏ ✮ ✑✌✏ ✖✗✘✒ ✗★ ✌✑
✗✘✖ ❃✎ ❃✎ ❉✮❁ ✑✌✏ ✖✚✧✓ ✴✾✵
✾
✵✴❁
❃✎ ❉✮ ✌
✏✑✎
✘
✖✗✒
✾✴
✵❁ ✴✾✽ ✴✹ ✎✍ ✦✧✚
✏✎
✒✕ ✢❂ ❱✸ ✢❂ ✽✹ ✎✍ ✧✪ ❁
✢❂ ✽❁✹ ✷✸✵✶ ✌☞
✕
✓✔✒ ✥✤ ✌✍☞ ✔✓ ✰✯✯ ✷✳ ✌☞ ✖✗✒ ❋✻ ✹✻❀
✌✍☞
✕✔
✓✒ ✻
❀✹ ✮✼✻ ☛ ✒✍ ✮ ✢☞ s❲ ✢☞ ❈❉
✢☞ ✚ ❈❉ ☛ ✍ ✿ ✺ ✳✴
☛ ✍ ✎ ✚ ✚ ☛ ❆ ❱ ✿

◗
P

Figure 71: Pushbuttons Logic Diagram

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6.12.2.1 TEN PUSHBUTTON ALLOCATION TABLES

PB1 to PB3 Default Values (3 pushbutton Front Panels)

PB1 PB2 PB3
Function Self-Reset Self-Reset Self-Reset
ID Text Open Close F1
ON Text PB1 ON PB2 ON PB3 ON
OFF Text PB1 OFF PB2 OFF PB3 OFF
LED Trigger PB1 ON PB2 ON PB3 ON
Hold Pressed 0.1s 0.1s 0.1s
Autoreset Disabled Disabled Disabled
Autoreset Delay 1.0s 1.0s 1.0s
Lock Off Off Off
Dropout Time 0.0s 0.0s 0.0s
Events Enabled Enabled Enabled

6.12.3 TAB PUSHBUTTONS

The Tab Pushbuttons provide an easy and error-free method of entering digital state (on, off) information. Twenty
(20) Tab Pushbuttons are available for programming.
The digital state of the Tab Pushbuttons can be entered locally (by directly pressing the front panel pushbutton) or
through Modbus by specifying the correct COMMAND sequence. Typical applications include breaker control,
autorecloser blocking, and settings groups changes. The Tab Pushbuttons are under the control level of password
protection. Only one pushbutton can be pressed at a time. If multiple pushbuttons are pressed simultaneously, the
button pressed first takes the priority.
The Tab Pushbutton settings can be accessed from Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Tab Pushbuttons > Tab
PB1. The Tab Pushbutton control can be executed by navigating to Status > Summary > Tab Pushbuttons. By
default, the summary page is shown to quickly glance at the active tab pushbuttons. The individual pages can then
be accessed from the summary page. Each Tab Pushbutton asserts its own OFF and ON FlexLogic operands (for
example, TAB PB 1 ON and TAB PB 1 OFF). These operands are available for each pushbutton and can be used to
program specific actions. Each pushbutton has an associated “LED” indicator. By default, this indicator displays the
present status of the corresponding pushbutton ON state.
The activation and deactivation of Tab Pushbuttons is dependent on whether latched or self-reset mode is
programmed.
SELF-RESET MODE: In Self-reset mode, a Tab Pushbutton remains active for the time it is pressed (the pulse
duration) plus the Dropout time specified in the settings. The pushbutton is deactivated in Self-reset mode when the
dropout delay specified in the Dropout Time setting expires. The pulse duration of the pushbutton must be at least
100ms to operate the pushbutton.
LATCHED MODE: In Latched Mode, a pushbutton can be set (activated) by directly pressing the associated tab
pushbutton. The pushbutton maintains the set state until deactivated by another press of the same button. The state
of each pushbutton is stored in non-volatile memory and maintained through the loss of control power.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Tab PBs > Tab PB1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset (up to 3.xx)
Default: Disabled (from 4.10)

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This setting selects the characteristic of the pushbutton. If disabled, the pushbutton is not active and the
corresponding FlexLogic operands (both ON and OFF) are de-asserted. If set to Self-reset the control logic is
activated by the pulse issued when the pushbutton is being physically pressed.
When in Self-Reset mode and activated locally, the pushbutton control logic asserts the Tab PB [X] ON
FlexLogic operand as long as the pushbutton is being physically pressed, and after being released the
deactivation of the operand is delayed by the Dropout Time setting. The OFF operand is asserted when the
pushbutton element is deactivated.
If set to Latched, the control logic alternates the state of the corresponding FlexLogic operand between ON and
OFF on each button press. When in Latched mode, the states of the FlexLogic operands are stored in a non-
volatile memory. Should the power supply be lost, the correct state of the pushbutton is retained upon
subsequent power-up of the relay. When the pushbutton operand is in the ON state, the operand appears on the
target message until the pushbutton is pressed again to change it to the OFF state.

ID TEXT
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Tab PB 1 (or Tab PB[X])
This setting specifies the 13-character line of the user-programmable message and is intended to provide the ID
information of the pushbutton. This text is used to describe the pushbutton in the FlexLogic operands.

LINE 1 TEXT
Range: 2 lines of alphanumeric characters
Default: [blank]
This setting specifies the text that is displayed on Line 1 of the button when in the normal view.

LINE 2 TEXT
Range: 2 lines of alphanumeric characters
Default: [blank]
This setting specifies the text that is displayed on Line 2 of the button when in the normal view.

LINE 1 SHORT TEXT

Range: 2 lines of alphanumeric characters
Default: [blank]
This setting specifies the text that is displayed on Line 1 of the button when in the summary view. This is also the
text that appears on the tabs when operating the pushbuttons from the Single Line Diagram view.

LINE 2 SHORT TEXT

Range: 2 lines of alphanumeric characters
Default: [blank]
This setting specifies the text that is displayed on Line 2 of the button when in the summary view.

BUTTON COLOR
Range: Black, Red, Yellow, Blue, Green, Teal, Purple, White
Default: Black
This setting specifies the background color of the Tab Pushbutton. If the button is disabled, the button color by
default is shown as gray.

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TEXT COLOR
Range: Black, Red, Yellow, Blue, Green, Teal, Purple, White
Default: White
This setting specifies the text color of the Tab Pushbutton.

INDICATOR COLOR
Range: Black, Red, Yellow, Blue, Green, Teal, Purple, White
Default: Yellow
This setting specifies the color of the “LED” indicator for the Tab Pushbutton.

INDICATOR TRIGGER
Range: TAB PB 1 ON, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: TAB PB 1 ON
This setting assigns a FlexLogic operand to trigger the Indicator to change color from the default color (white) to
the selected color.

HOLD PRESSED
Range: 0.1 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.1 s
This setting specifies the time required for a pushbutton to be pressed before it is deemed active.
The timer is Reset upon release of the pushbutton. Note that any pushbutton operation will require the
pushbutton to be pressed a minimum of 100ms.

AUTORESET
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Tab Pushbutton Autoreset feature. The setting is applicable only if the pushbutton is in
“Latched” mode.

AUTORESET DELAY
Range: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 1.0 s
This setting specifies the time delay for automatic Reset of the pushbutton when in the “Latched” mode.

LOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting assigns a FlexLogic operand to inhibit pushbutton operation from the front panel pushbuttons. This
locking functionality is not applicable to pushbutton autoreset.

DROPOUT TIME
Range: 0.0 s to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.0 s

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This setting applies only to “Self-reset” mode and specifies the duration of the pushbutton “active” status after
the pushbutton has been released. The length of time the operand remains on has no effect on the pulse
duration.
The setting is required to set the duration of the pushbutton operating pulse.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

6.12.4 ANNUNCIATOR
The graphical annunciator panel provides an emulation of a conventional physical annunciator panel with backlit
indicators each inscribed with a description of the alarm condition that lights the indicator. The annunciator has 36
user-configurable (programmable) indicators. The indicators can be arranged in pages of 3x3 or 2x2 grids. Each
indicator can have up to 3 lines of configurable text. When the indicators are not active (i.e. a configured
FlexOperand for the annunciator is not triggered), the background is black and the foreground text color is gray.
When the associated FlexOperand becomes active, the background and the foreground turns brighter in color per
the color configuration. When disabled, the indicators are grayed out with no text.

Layout
If the grid layout is selected to be 3x3, the annunciator has 4 pages. If the grid layout is 2x2, the annunciator has 9
pages. The numbering of the indicators is shown as follows.

Grid Layout 3x3 – Indicator Numbering

Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4

Grid Layout 2x2 – Indicator Numbering

Page 1 Page 2 Page # Page 9

✸✸ ✸✁
✸ ✸✂

Figure 72: Annunciator grid layout

Navigation
The annunciator panel can be displayed in two ways. By default, the annunciator panel is programmed as one of
the homescreens. This means that when on the home page, pressing the home button multiple times rotates
through all the homescreens. Alternatively, the annunciator can be accessed by navigating to Status\Summary
\Annunciator\Page1. Individual annunciator pages can also be assigned as a homepage. If the auto navigation
setting is enabled in the setup, the screen automatically jumps from home to the annunciator page with the first
active alarm. Pages with active alarms will have a maroon flashing tab pushbutton label. If other pages have active
alarms, the >> button will show a flashing label.

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Path:Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Annunciator > Annunciator Setup

RESET ANNUNCIATOR
Range: Off, any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting designates a FlexLogic operand that, when activated, acknowledges/resets all annunciator windows
in the graphical front panel. This setting is the same as that defined under Setpoints > Device > Resetting >
Reset Annunciator.
The Reset Annunctr OP (OPRD) FlexLogic operand is activated by the two sources of RESET command,
operand source and manual source. Each individual source of a RESET ANNUNCIATOR command also
activates its individual operand Reset Annunctr OP (OPRD) or Reset Annunctr OP (MNUL) to identify the source
of the command. Both of these operands generate an event in the event record when activated. The Reset
Annunciator setting selects the operand that activates the Reset Annunctr OP (OPRD) operand. The RESET
pushbutton in the front panel or the reset command from the EnerVista D&I Setup software 8 Series Setup
software activates the Reset Annunctr OP (MNUL) operand.

PAGE LAYOUT
Range: 3x3, 2x2
Default: 3x3
This setting selects the grid layout of the annunciator pages. The default 3x3 grid layout provides 4 annunciator
pages and 2x2 provides 9 pages.

AUTO NAVIGATION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
This setting when enabled, automatically navigates to the annunciator panel page from where the indication was
triggered. While in the annunciator panel, if no action is taken, the screen returns back to the home page after
the timeout setting.

FOCUSED NAVIGATION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When this setting is enabled at the same time as the AUTO NAVIGATION setting, the page that has the active
indicator will come into focus. The focus will change to the newest indicator as soon as that becomes active.
Target Messages and Default Screens both have a lower priority than the FOCUSED NAVIGATION setting of
the Annunciator Panel.
Path:Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Annunciator > Indicator 1(36)

ALARM INPUT
Range: Off, any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
This setting specifies the input operand used to activate the corresponding indicator.

ALARM TYPE
Range: Off, Self-Reset, Latched
Default: Off

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This setting specifies the alarm type. Self-Reset alarms track the state of the corresponding input operand.
Latched alarms can be reset using Reset pushbutton or through Acknowledgment via graphical front panel.
The alarm type of each annunciator indicator may be configured as Off, Self-Reset, or Latched. The default
mode is Off. In this mode, the indicator is grayed out without any text. In self-reset mode, the indicator’s inactive
state is by default in black background with dark gray color text. When the associated operand becomes active
(i.e. the assigned FlexOperand is triggered), the configured background color and foreground text color appears.
In latched mode, the configured operand causes the background to flash when it becomes active. If the alarm is
then acknowledged or reset, the background stops flashing. If the operand becomes inactive, the indicator
returns to its default colors. The behavior of these modes conforms to ISA-18.1-1979 (R2004) standard - A-4-5-6
(self-reset), and M-6 (latched).

Note:
If the Annunciator Alarm was initiated by another element that is of a Latched type (e.g. Trip Bus), you must navigate out of
the Annunciator and then reset the latched element. This action will reset the latched element, the Annunciator Alarm and
also the Trip LED if applicable.

❙t❛t❡ ✥✁r♠❛✂

❱✄s☎❛✂ ✆❋ ❋

❖
✒ ♣
✒
☛ ✞
✟✠
✑ ✡
✏ ❞ ❘✓✔✓✕ ✖❇ ✕✗
✍✎ ❖ ❆❝✘✙✗✇❧✓✚❣✓
✌
☞ ◆
☛

❙t❛t❡ ✝❜♥✁r♠❛✂

❱✄s☎❛✂ ✆✥

Figure 73: Self-Reset Mode

❙t❛t❡✿ ✥♦r♠❛

❱✁s✂❛ ✿ ✄❋ ❋

❖♣✆✝✞✟❞ ❖ ◆

✏ ❙t❛t❡✿ ☎ ❛r♠
✏ ❘✆✓✆ ✔ ✕❇ ✔✖
❘✆✓✆ ✔ ✕❇ ✔✖ ✠
✎ ❆❝✗✟ ✖✇❧✆❞ ❣✆ ❱✁s✂❛ ✿ ❋❛st✑❋ ❛s✒
❆❝✗✟ ✖✇❧✆❞ ❣✆ ✍
✌ ❆◆❉
❆◆❉ ☞
☛ ❖♣✆✝✞✟❞ ❖ ✘✘
❖♣✆✝✞✟ ❞ ❖ ◆ ✡
✠ ❘✆✓✆ ✔ ✕❇ ✔✖
❆❝✗✟ ✖✇❧✆❞ ❣✆
❆◆❉
❖♣✆✝✞✟❞ ❖ ◆
❙t❛t❡✿ ☎❜♥♦r♠❛

❱✁s✂❛ ✿ ✄✥

Figure 74: Latched Mode

When any annunciator page is displayed with an alarm condition, the navigation keys can be used to select an
indicator. Once selected, the alarm condition can be acknowledged by pressing the reset pushbutton or by pressing
the enter key. A confirmation message is displayed for acknowledging the alarm. Pressing the Reset or Enter key
again acknowledges the alarm and pressing the Escape button discards the message. When the alarms are active
under latched mode, a power loss retains the previous state of the alarm as the alarm states are stored in non-
volatile memory.

TEXT LINE 1 (2,3)

Range: 15 Alphanumeric Characters
Default: [blank]

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These settings specify the displayed text on the corresponding line in the alarm indicator. Three lines can be
displayed with each line allowing up to 15 alphanumeric characters.

TEXT COLOR
Range: Black, Red, Yellow, Blue, Green, Teal, Purple, White
Default: White
This setting specifies the color of the alarm indicator text.

BACK COLOR
Range: Black, Red, Yellow, Blue, Green, Teal, Purple, White
Default: Red
This setting specifies the color of the alarm indicator background. When the indicator becomes active, the
background changes color from the default Black to the programmed alarm back color.

6.12.5 DISPLAY PROPERTIES

Some relay messaging characteristics can be modified to suit different situations using the Front Panel Display
Properties setting.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Display Properties

COLOR SCHEME
Range: Green (open), Red (open)
Default: Green (open)
This setting defines the color scheme for the breaker status. If it is programmed Green (open), the breaker open
status is shown in the color green on the single line diagram and on the device status.

FLASH MESSAGE TIME

Range: 1 to 10 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 5 s
Flash messages are status, warning, error, or information messages displayed for several seconds in response
to certain key presses during programming. These messages override any normal messages. The duration of a
flash message on the display can be changed to accommodate different reading rates.

SCREEN TIMEOUT
Range: 10 to 900 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 120 s
If no pushbutton has been pressed for certain period of time, the relay automatically reverts to its default screen.
If the Default Screens are Enabled, Default Screens will become active after the Screen Timeout expires. If the
Default Screens are Disabled, The Actuals\Summary page is displayed after the Screen Timeout expires.

DISPLAY INTENSITY
Range: 10%-100%
Default: 100%
The backlight can be reduced be make the screen easier to view under higher atmosphere lighting.

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Note:
Only available on Membrane and 10 Pushbutton front panel

INACTIVITY TIMEOUT
Range: 10 to 900 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 300 s
When the Inactivity Timeout expires, the screen will dim to Inactivity Intensity.
If the Default Screens are Disabled, the Screen Saver images will become active when the Inactivity Timeout
expires. If the Defaults Screens are Enabled, the Default Screens will be displayed at the Inactivity Intensity
when the Inactivity Timeout expires.
If a new Target occurs and the Target Auto Navigation is enabled, the Target Screen will become active. If the
system is in an inactive state, the system will switch to an active state. The intensity will return to Display
Intensity. If targets are present, the Default Screens will still become operational after the Inactivity Timeout.

INACTIVITY INTENSITY
Range: 10% - 100%
Default: 50%
The inactivity intensity can be varied so that backlight is on at a low intensity instead of being fully shut off.

TARGET AUTO NAVIGATION

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When the target auto navigation is set to Enabled, it will override the current menu page and go to the target
message page when a target is active.

The Active target Icon shown above, will be the only indication of active target messages.

LANGUAGE
Range: English, French, German, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian,
Default: English
This setting selects the language used to display the settings, metering, status, and targets. The range is
dependent on the order code of the relay.

6.12.5.1 SUPPORT FOR CYRILLIC LANGUAGES

The 8 Series of relays support the Russian and Ukrainian languages, but for this to work you also need to configure
your Windows system accordingly. You can do this by selecting the required language. Modify the settings in the
following locations:
● Control panel > Region > Adminstrative tab > Change System Locale > Language for non-Unicode
programs
● Control panel > Region > Language Preferences
For more information, refer to your Microsoft documentation.

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6.12.6 SCRATCHPAD
You can enter up to ten lines of information under the message scratchpad screen. This information could be
installation notes, or any other information which may be useful, such as reminding operators to perform certain
tasks. You can enter these messages using the EnerVista D&I Setup software setup software or the front panel
keypad.
Messages can be displayed in the following ways:
● On the front panel, all ten scratchpad message lines are displayed under the path: Setpoints\Device\Front
Panel\Scratchpad
● On the front panel, this scratchpad screen can also be displayed as a default screen when the Scratchpad
option is selected under the path: Setpoints\Device\Front Panel\Default Screen. The display disappears
after the message time-out period specified by the path: Setpoints\Device\Front Panel\Display Properties
\Message Timeout.
● On the front panel, this scratchpad screen can also be displayed as a FlexScreen when the relevant
FlexLogic operand is asserted. this can be set under the path: Setpoints\Device\Front Panel\FlexScreens
\FlexScreen [X] Operate, if Scratchpad is selected for the corresponding setpoint at the path: Setpoints
\Device\Front Panel\FlexScreens\FlexScreen [X].
Path: Setpoints\Device\Front Panel\Scratchpad

Line 1(10)
Range: up to 26 alphanumeric characters
Default: Text 1(10)
This menu is used to enter user-defined text. 10 lines are available, and each line supports up to 26 characters.
This user-defined text can be entered from the front panel keypad or the EnerVista D&I Setup software.

6.12.7 DEFAULT SCREENS

The relay provides the convenience of configuring and displaying up to three default screens from a predefined list.
Each type of screen to display can be selected, and the display time programmed. The sequence of displaying the
screens starts after the time of inactivity programmed in the MESSAGE TIMEOUT setpoint, when no PB has been
pressed, and no target message is present. Pressing a pushbutton, or the presence of a target message inhibits the
sequential display of default screens. The screen displays resume only after the target messages are cleared, and
no PB pressing is recorded for 30 seconds. When configured the home screen is changed to the first screen
defined by this feature. Display timeouts also return to this first screen (i.e. default screen 1).
If the default screens feature is disabled and there are no home screens programmed, the home page will show the
Metering > Summary > Values screen after the message timeout inactivity period.
Path: Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Default Screen

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
This setpoint enables the feature. Displaying of the screen starts 30 s after setting the feature to “Enabled”,
providing no targets have been issued, nor a PB has been pressed.

DISPLAY TIME
Range: 5 to 900 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 10 s
The display time is the amount of time that each of the three screens are displayed within the display sequence.

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DEFAULT SCREEN X
Range: varieties of screens for selection
Default: SLD (for Default Screen 1 only), Off (for others)
This setpoint enables the user to input the default screens.

DEFAULT SCREEN INTENSITY (not available for all FW versions)

Range: 0 to 100% in steps of 10%
Default: 100%
The default screen intensity can be varied so that the backlight is at a low intensity instead of being fully shut off.

6.12.8 HOME SCREENS

The home screens allow the selection of a set of pages as home pages (max. 10). Multiple home pages are
configured and navigated to by pressing the home button repeatedly. Navigate through all available home screens
by repeatedly pressing the home button.
When returning to the home screen (either by pressing escape or directly pressing the Home button) through the
different menus, the last accessed home screen is shown. Subsequent presses of the Home button navigates to the
next programmed home screen on the list.
While accessing the home screens, the tab pushbutton navigation labels show the root menu – i.e. Targets, Status,
Metering, Setpoints, and Records. The exceptions are the Tab Pushbuttons screens which instead show
pushbuttons in the navigation labels.
If the default screens are enabled, the first default screen is shown after 30 seconds plus the inactivity period
defined in Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Display Properties > Message Timeout. If the default screens
feature and screen saver are disabled, the screen defaults to the Values screen after the inactivity period.
When the home screens are programmed and the default screens feature is enabled but the screens are set to Off,
the last accessed home screen is shown as the home page.
By Default, the first home screen is configured to show the first single line diagram.

Note:
When on any single line diagram page, if an object is selected, the home button will not function. The selected object must
first be de-selected by pressing the escape button to be able to use the home button functionality again.

Path: Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > Home Screens

HOME SCREEN 1
Range: All available pages
Default: SLD1

HOME SCREEN 2
Range: All available pages
Default: Tab PB Summary

HOME SCREEN 3
Range: All available pages
Default: Annunciator Pg 1

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HOME SCREEN 4
Range: All available pages
Default: Values

HOME SCREEN 5 to 10
Range: All available pages
Default: Off

6.12.9 FLEXSCREENS
The FlexScreens allow you to select a page to appear on the display based on the results of an OPERATE setting.
Up to five FlexScreens can be configured. When the OPERATE setting evaluates to a TRUE, the FlexScreen
configured will be displayed.

Note:
A pulse of 500 ms (or greater) is required to activate a FlexScreen condition.

Path: Setpoints > Device > Front Panel > FlexScreens

FLEXSCREEN 1
Range: All available pages
Default: Off

FLEXSCREEN 1 OPERATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint requires the assignment of a FlexLogic operand to turn on FlexScreen 1.

FLEXSCREEN 2
Range: All available pages
Default: Off

FLEXSCREEN 2 OPERATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint requires the assignment of a FlexLogic operand to turn on FlexScreen 2.

FLEXSCREEN 3
Range: All available pages
Default: Off

FLEXSCREEN 3 OPERATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint requires the assignment of a FlexLogic operand to turn on FlexScreen 3.

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FLEXSCREEN 4
Range: All available pages
Default: Off

FLEXSCREEN 4 OPERATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint requires the assignment of a FlexLogic operand to turn on FlexScreen 4.

FLEXSCREEN 5
Range: All available pages
Default: Off

FLEXSCREEN 5 OPERATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint requires the assignment of a FlexLogic operand to turn on FlexScreen 5.

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6.13 RESETTING
Some events can be programmed to latch the faceplate LED event indicators and target message on the display.
Depending on the application some auxiliary output relays can be programmed to latch after the triggering event is
cleared. Once set, the latching mechanism holds all the latched indicators, messages, and auxiliary output relays in
the set state, after the initiating condition has cleared, until a RESET command is received to return these latches
(except the FlexLogic latches) to the reset state.
The RESET command can be sent from the faceplate Reset pushbutton, a remote device via a communication
channel, or any programmed FlexLogic operand. Executing the RESET command from either source creates a
general FlexLogic operand RESET OP. Each individual source of a RESET command also creates its individual
operand RESET OP (PB), RESET (COMMS), and RESET OP (OPERAND) to identify the source of the command.

RESET INPUT 1(2,3):

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects an operand from the list of FlexLogic operands. The targets, LEDs, and latched output
relays reset upon assertion from any of the operands selected as Reset Inputs.

RESET ANNUNCIATOR
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects an operand from the list of FlexLogic operands. When activated it resets all annunciator
windows on the graphical front panel.

✦✝✷✂✠
✘✙ ✚✛✜✢✜✣✤ ✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞
✴✵ ✶✎
✵ ✌✧★✧✩ ✪✫ ✬✫✳✰

✥✂✦✟☎✝☛✦
✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞
✌✍✎✍✏ ✑✒✓✔✏ ✕ ✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞
✖
✌✍✎✍✏ ✑✒✓✔✏ ✱ ✗ ✌✧★✧✩ ✪✫ ✬✪✫✧✌✭✮✯✰
✌✍✎✍✏ ✑✒✓✔✏ ✲

✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞
✌✍✎✍✏ ✺✻✼✶ ✸✼✶✶✔✒✒✽✾✿✏✽✼✒✎ ✌✧★✧✩ ✪✫ ✬✸✪✹✹★✰

✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞
✖
✗ ✌✧★✧✩ ✪✫

Figure 75: Reset logic

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6.14 INSTALLATION
Path:Setpoints > Device > Installation

DEVICE NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
An alphanumeric name may be assigned to the device.

DEVICE IN SERVICE
Default: Not Ready
Range: Not Ready, Ready
The relay is defaulted to the “Not Ready” state when it leaves the factory. This safeguards against the installation
of a relay whose settings have not been entered. When powered up successfully, the “IN SERVICE” LED
becomes red. The relay in the “Not Ready” state blocks signaling of any output relay. These conditions remain
until the relay is explicitly put in the “Ready” state.

SERVICE COMMAND
Range: 0 to 65535
Default: 0

TEMPERATURE DISPLAY
Range: Celsius, Fahrenheit
Default: Celsius
Selects engineering unit of temperature display.

LATCHED ALARM OPERATION

Range: Self-Reset, Latched
Default: Latched
This setting applies to all the elements programmed to Latched Alarm function. It does not apply to the
elements that are programmed to Alarm function.
When
○ this setting is programmed to Latched, all the elements programmed to Latched Alarm will keep
the Alarm LED and outputs (OP signal and assigned Output Relay) latched until the operating condition
clears and a Reset command is issued.
When
○ this setting is programmed to Self-Reset, all the elements programmed to Latched Alarm will
keep the Alarm LED latched but resets outputs (OP signal and assigned Output Relay) automatically once
the operating condition clears.

REMOTE IO DETECT VALUE

Range: Up to 6 alphanumeric characters
Shows the letter type of the Remote RTD card Board ID installed (e.g. GGGG).

CURRENT CUTOFF
Range: 0.000 to 1.000 p.u. in steps of 0.001 p.u.
Default: 0.020 p.u.

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VOLTAGE CUTOFF
Range: 0.0 to 300.0 in steps of 0.1 V
Default: 1.0 V

Note:
Lower the Voltage Cutoff and Current Cutoff levels with care as the relay accepts lower signals as valid measurements.
Unless dictated otherwise by a specific application, the default settings of “0.020 pu” for current and “1.0 V” for voltage are
recommended.

OV/UV DPO RANGE

Range: 2% , 4%
Default: 2%
This setpoint determines the threshold of the drop-out level. There are two possible ranges, 2% or 4%. This
setting affects to all voltage protection functions located under the menu Protection\Voltage Prot.
For overvoltage elements:
The enumerate value of 2% specifies that the dropout voltage level is achieved when the voltage level drops
below 2% of the pickup value.
For 4%, the drop-out voltage level is specified when the voltage level drops below 4% of the pickup voltage
level.
For Undervoltage elements:
The 2% value determines than the drop-out condition of the pickup flag is given when the voltage level is higher
than 2% of the pickup voltage level.
On the other hand, the 4% value establishes that the drop-out level of the pickup flag is given when the voltage
is higher than the 4% of the pickup voltage level.
The next table summarizes both conditions:
OV/UV DPO Range OV Functions UV Functions
(Dpo Level) (Dpo Level)
2% 98% 102%
4% 96% 104%

BKR 1 STATUS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
Target Message for the breaker status is shown when the set to ‘Enabled’. When ‘Disabled’, all target messages
related to breaker status will be blocked.

Note:
This setting is available when Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup > Switching Device Type = Breaker

BKR 3 STATUS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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CONTACTOR 1 STATUS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
The Target Message for the contactor status is shown when enabled. When disabled, all target messages
related to contactor status are blocked.

Note:
This setting is available when Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup > Switching Device Type = Contactor

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6.15 SELF-TEST MONITOR

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6.16 CLEAR RECORDS

The Clear Records command is accessible from the front panel and from the EnerVista D&I Setup software.
Path: Device > Clear Records
Records can be cleared by assigning On to the appropriate setting.

Note:
The Clear Records command is also available from Records> Clear Records, where the allowable settings also include
FlexLogic operands.

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SYSTEM SETPOINTS
Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

7.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the Device setpoint menu settings in detail.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 196
System menu hierarchy 197
Current Sensing 198
Voltage sensing 200
Power Sensing 202
Power System 203
Motor setup 207
Switching device 219
FlexCurves 224

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7.2 SYSTEM MENU HIERARCHY

Setpoints Device

System Current Sensing

Inputs Voltage Sensing

Outputs Power Sensing

Protection Power System

Monitoring Motor

Control Breakers/Contactors

Flexlogic Switches

Testing FlexCurves
Switches

894513B1

Figure 76: Device Display Hierarchy

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7.3 CURRENT SENSING

The Current Sensing menu provides the setup menu for the Current Transformers (CTs) connected to the relay
terminals. The setup of the three-phase CTs, and the Ground CT requires a selection of primary CT ratings. The
secondary CT ratings are selected in the relevant order code. The CT inputs are grouped in banks of four currents:
● Three inputs for phase currents A, B, and C
● One input for ground current.
The AC card has two AC banks, one bank currents and one bank voltages.
The basic Motor Protection System has 8 AC inputs:
● Four AC inputs currents, 3 CTs for phase currents with separate 1 A and 5 A terminals, and 1 CT for ground
or residual connection current with separate 1 A and 5 A terminals
● One Sensitive 50:0.025 A CT
● Three AC inputs voltages for three phase voltages

The Current sensing selection is found in the following menus:

Path:Setpoints > System > Current Sensing > CT

CT BANK NAME
This setting allows you to specify the CT bank name which will appear in all menus and metering screens.

PHASE CT TYPE
Range: 1 A, 5 A
Default: 5 A
Enter the phase CT secondary tap, i.e. 1 A or 5 A to match the tap of the phase CTs connected to the relay.

PHASE CT PRIMARY
Range: 1 A to 20000 A
Default: 500 A
Enter the primary rating of the three-phase feeder CTs wired to the relay phase CT terminals. With the phase
CTs connected in wye (star), the calculated phasor sum of the three phase currents (Ia + Ib + Ic = Neutral
Current = 3I0) is used as the input for the neutral.

GROUND CT TYPE
Range: None, 1 A/5 A, 50:0.025 A
Default: 1 A/5 A
Enter the phase CT secondary tap, i.e. 1 A or 5 A to match the tap of the phase CTs connected to the relay. The
GROUND CT TYPE must be entered here. For high resistance grounded systems, sensitive ground detection is
possible with the 50:0.025 CT. On solidly or low resistance grounded systems where fault current can be quite
high, a 1 A or 5 A CT should be used for either zero-sequence (core balance) or residual ground sensing.

GROUND CT PRIMARY
Range: 1 A to 2000 A
Default: 100 A
Enter the primary rating of the ground CT wired to the relay ground CT terminals. When the ground input is used
for measuring the residual 3I0 current, the primary current must be the same as the one selected for the phase

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CTs. If a residual connection is used with the phase CTs, the phase CT primary must also be entered for the
ground CT primary. As with the phase CTs the type of ground CT should be chosen to handle all potential fault
levels without saturating..

Note:
The GROUND CT PRIMARY setting is only displayed when the GROUND CT TYPE is set to 1 A or 5 A

Note:
The cut-off for current measurements is 0.02 x CT. This is the minimum value above which metering functions.

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7.4 VOLTAGE SENSING

The Voltage Sensing menu provides the setup for all VTs (PTs) connected to the relay voltage terminals.
Path: Setpoints > System > Voltage Sensing > Ph VT Bnk1-J2

PHASE VT BANK NAME

Range: Any combination of 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Ph VT Bnk 1-J2
Enter the name of the phase voltage from bank J2.

PHASE VT CONNECTION
Range: Wye, Delta, Single
Default: Wye
Select the type of phase VT connection to match the VTs (PTs) connected to the relay.
In cases when the distribution feeder has only one VT source (to measure single phase to neutral voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage), the relay facilitates 3-phase power and energy measurements derived from pseudo 3-
phase voltages. The pseudo 3-phase voltages are derived from any one VT source connected by considering a
balanced 3-phase system (i.e. all three phase voltages and currents same in magnitude and placed 120 degrees
apart with individual phases). Since the pseudo 3-phase voltage calculation relies on a balanced power system,
the calculation accuracies are influenced by system unbalance conditions. In case of a perfectly balanced
system, the calculated pseudo voltages are the same as the actual system voltages. However, the errors in the
3-phase power and from a single-phase reference input are only used for calculating the 3-phase metering
quantities.

PSEUDO VOLTAGE REFERENCE

Range: Van, Vbn, Vcn, Vab, Vbc, Vca
Default: Van
This setting is only applicable when PHASE VT CONNECTION is set to Single. This means there is only one
VT source available for metering. The relay allows any type of connection (A to neutral, B to neutral, C to neutral,
A to B phase, B to C phase, and C to A phase) with a single VT reference input. It derives all 3-phase voltages
from the provided single voltage reference input by considering a 3- phase balanced system.
When the setpoint PSEUDO VOLTAGE REFERENCE is configured to Van or Vab, single-phase VT inputs are
connected to VT Channel 1. Similarly, when PSEUDO VOLTAGE REFERENCE is configured to Vbn(Vbc) and
Vcn(Vca), the VT inputs are connected to VT Channel 2 and Channel 3, respectively.

Note:
When Pseudo Voltage is used, sequence components (positive, negative and zero sequence voltage) displayed in the
metering value are not a measured quantity, so sequence components should be ignored when PHASE VT CONNECTION is
set to Single.

PHASE VT SECONDARY
Range: 10.0 to 240.0 V in steps of 0.1 V
Default: 120.0 V
Select the output secondary voltage for phase VTs connected to the J2 bank.

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PHASE VT RATIO
Range: 1.00 to 5000.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
Select the phase VT ratio to match the ratio of the VTs connected to the J2 bank.

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7.5 POWER SENSING

The power computation is performed using the voltage and current inputs. In cases when the connected VTs and
CTs have opposite polarity, the power sensing menu provides for inverting the power measurement.
Path:Setpoints > System > Power Sensing > Power 1 > Power (X)

PHASE CT&VT POLARITY

Range: Same, Inverse
Default: Same
When Inverse is selected, this setpoint inverts (multiplies phase currents by -1) the CT polarity for the phase
currents from CT bank, with respect to the phase voltages from the VT bank.

Note:
The setpoint for inversion of the power metering will be useful to avoid the physical inversion of the CT connections on the
relay. As the power metering will affect the power directional elements, the user must determine the correct forward and
reverse direction of the power, before setup.

RESET EVENT ENERGY

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
At the rising edge of the FlexLogic operand selected under this setpoint, all energy metering values (under
Metering > Energy 1(X) > Energy) are logged and reset to zero, and Reset Energy D/T is recorded and
displayed.
The logged values are displayed as the Last Event Pos(Neg) WattHours and Last Event Pos(Neg) VarHours
under Metering > Energy 1(X) > Energy Log.
An application example could be monitoring of the total energy accumulated at the end of an event or a shift
interval. An event/shift interval can be defined per the breaker status operand (open or closed) or operand
derived by the Time of Day Timer element. Time-based shift schedules can be set in the Time of Day Timer
element.

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7.6 POWER SYSTEM

Path:Setpoints > System > Power System

NOMINAL FREQUENCY
Range: 60 Hz, 50 Hz
Default: 60 Hz
The power system NOMINAL FREQUENCY is used as a default to set the digital sampling rate if the system
frequency cannot be measured from available AC signals. This may happen if the signals selected for frequency
tracking are not present, or a valid frequency is not detected. Before reverting to the nominal frequency, the
frequency tracking algorithm holds the last valid frequency measurement for a safe period of time while waiting
for the signals to reappear or for the distortions to decay.

PHASE ROTATION
Range: ABC, ACB
Default: ABC
The selection of the PHASE ROTATION setting must match the power system phase rotation. The phase
sequence setting is required to properly calculate sequence components and power parameters. Note that this
setting informs the relay of the actual system phase sequence, either ABC or ACB. CT and VT inputs on the
relay labeled as a, b, and c, must be connected to system phases A, B, and C for correct operation.

REVERSE PH ROTATION - CT Bnks

REVERSE PH ROTATION - VT Bnks

Default: Off
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
The relay provides the flexibility of dynamically reversing the phase rotation (ABC <-> ACB) of both current and
voltage phases. These setpoints can be used to reverse phase rotation of CT bank(s) and VT bank independent
of each other. There may be a reverse motor application when only current phase rotation is reversed (ABC <->
ACB) while voltage phase rotation remains the same. An example of such an application is illustrated in the
figure below.

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Figure 77: Reverse motor application, current phase rotation reversed

These settings dynamically reverse the phase rotation of all currents/voltages set under Setpoints > System >
Power System > Phase Rotation. For example, if the nominal phase rotation is ABC but the condition (FlexLogic
operand) becomes true (high), then the phase rotation switches to ACB.
The reverse phase rotation feature is only intended for use in special applications such as pumped storage
schemes, reverse motor application, etc. As soon as the reverse phase rotation condition (FlexLogic operand)
status becomes false (low), the phase rotation returns to the nominal value set under Setpoints > System > Power
System > Phase Rotation.

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Note:
Dynamic switching of the phase rotation (ABC <-> ACB) using this feature blocks all relay functions that use current and
voltage measurements for 3 cycles as soon as phase rotation switches from forward to reverse or reverse to forward.

Note:
Any FlexElement that uses FlexAnalog values (current, voltage, power, impedance) must be blocked using the FlexLogic
operands 'Ph Rotation Inhibit' in order to secure element operation during the phase rotation switching process.

Note:
In applications when only the current phase rotation reverses while voltage phase rotation remains same, as illustrated by the
figure below, different CT and VT phase rotations may result in unexpected operation of the functions that use power, power
factor, and impedance. It is recommended to block these functions.

❳❨✁❩❬☎❭✆❪ ❫✄✁❴❵✝❛❜
✞✟✠ ☞✌ ✞✍✎❝✜✕ ✖✒✗
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✞✟✠✟✡☛✟ ☞✌ ✞✍✎✏✎✑✍✒✓ ✞✟✠ ☞✌ ✞✍✎❝✔✕ ✖✒✗
✔✕ ✖✒✗☛ ❢✏✎✣✌ ❣ ❤✍❃✐
✘✙✙ ✚ ✛ ✢ ✣✤✣ ✞✟✠✥ ✞✍✎ ✘✒
❙✫✲❖✪ ❚ ✪✶❑▼ ✲✪✭ ✯✭❯ ✬✲✫✲✭ ✞✟✠✥ ✞✍✎ ✘✙✙❉
✩✪✫✬✭ ✮✯✰✱✲ ✳✱✴✴✭✯✲✬ ✵✶✴ ❱ ❖◗❖❑✭✬ ✲✶ ✰✴✭❘✭✯✲ ❲✫❖✺
✵✴✶✷ ✳✸ ✹✫✯✺ ✫✯▼ ✵✶✴✲✪ ✬❯●✲❖✪●✯❍ ✮❁❂ ✮✹❂ ✮✳ ✔✼✡✡✟✒✎ ☞✌✏☛✍✡☛★ ✞✾✿★
✦✧★ ✦✖★ ✦✔ ✿✟❀✼✟✒✣✟☛ ✾✟✏☛✼✡✟✽✟✒✎☛

✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ P ❡❯●✲❖✪●✯❍ ❲✫❖✺ ✲✶

✞✟✠✟✡☛✟ ☞✌ ✞✍✎✏✎✑✍✒✓ ✵✶✴❯✫✴▼ ✰✪✫✬✭ ✴✶✲✫✲●✶✯
✜✕ ✖✒✗☛ ❢✏✎✣✌ ❣ ❤✍❃✐
✘✙✙ ✚ ✛ ✢ ✣✤✣ ✞✟✠✥ ✞✍✎ ✘✒
❙✫✲❖✪ ❚ ✪✶❑▼ ✲✪✭ ✯✭❯ ✬✲✫✲✭ ✞✟✠✥ ✞✍✎ ✘✙✙❉
✵✶✴ ❱ ❖◗❖❑✭✬ ✲✶ ✰✴✭❘✭✯✲ ❅❁❂ ❅✹❂ ❅✳
☞✌✏☛✟ ✦✒✻✼✎ ✔✼✡✡✟✒✎☛ ❲✫❖✺ ✫✯▼ ✵✶✴✲✪ ✬❯●✲❖✪●✯❍ ✜✍❃✎✏❄✟ ☞✌✏☛✍✡☛★ ✞✾✿★
✙✡✍✽ ✜✕ ✖✏✒✗ ✿✟❀✼✟✒✣✟☛ ✾✟✏☛✼✡✟✽✟✒✎☛
✜✧★ ✜✖★ ✜✔
❳❨✁❩❬☎❭✆❪ ❫✄✁❴❵✝❛❜
P ❡❯●✲❖✪●✯❍ ❲✫❖✺ ✲✶
✵✶✴❯✫✴▼ ✰✪✫✬✭ ✴✶✲✫✲●✶✯ ☞✌ ✞✍✎ ✦✒✌✑❞✑✎
❥❦❧♠♥♦♣qrst✉
❋●✬●✯❍■❏✫❑❑●✯❍ ❆ ✖❃✍✣✗ ✞✟❃✏✤ ❈✼✒✣✎✑✍✒☛❉ ✙✍✡
▲▼❍✭ ◆✭✲✭❖✲●✶✯ ❇ ✛
❊ ✣✤✣❃✟☛ ❊ ✣✤✣❃✟☛

❋●✬●✯❍■❏✫❑❑●✯❍ P❁❑❑ ❋✭❑✫◗ ❏✱✯❖✲●✶✯✬ ✲✪✫✲ ✱✬✭

▲▼❍✭ ◆✭✲✭❖✲●✶✯ ❖✱✴✴✭✯✲✬ ✫✯▼ ❘✶❑✲✫❍✭✬
✷✭✫✬✱✴✭✷✭✯✲✬
Figure 78: Reverse phase rotation logic diagram

FREQUENCY TRACKING
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
The frequency reference is provided by composite signal derived by the Clarke transformation (VFREQUENCY = (2VA
– VB – VC) / 3) for better performance during fault, open pole, and VT and CT fail conditions.
● If present, the three-phase voltages are used for frequency tracking. Phase A voltage is used as a phase
reference.
● FREQUENCY TRACKING is switched automatically by an algorithm, to the three-phase currents (or auxiliary
voltage signal for the tie-breaker configuration), if the frequency detected from the three-phase voltage inputs

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is declared invalid. The switching is not performed if the frequency from the alternative reference signal is
detected invalid.
● Upon detecting valid frequency on the main frequency and phase reference signal, tracking is switched back
to that reference.

Note:
FREQUENCY TRACKING should be set to “Disabled” only under very unusual circumstances. Consult the factory for special
variable-frequency applications.

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7.7 MOTOR SETUP

The following settings reflect the design and configuration of the motor that the relay will protect. Note that some
protection elements are dependent on these settings for correct operation.
Path:Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup

MOTOR FULL LOAD AMPS (FLA)

Range: 1 to 5000 A in steps of 1 A
Default: 100 A
This setting represents the full load current (FLA) of the motor. FLA is a standard motor parameter that can be
found on the motor nameplate.

MOTOR OVERLOAD FACTOR

Range: 1.00 to 1.50 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This setting defines the current level at which the motor is considered to be overloaded. If the motor current
exceeds the Motor Overload Factor threshold, the Thermal Model reacts by accumulating thermal capacity.
Normally, this factor is set slightly above the motor service factor to account for inherent load measuring errors
(CTs and limited relay accuracy). The typical total inaccuracy factor is 8 to 10%; as such, for motors with a
thermal capability at a rated service factor of 1 or 1.15, the Motor Overload Factor must be set to 1.1 or 1.25
respectively.

MOTOR NAMEPLATE VOLTAGE

Range: 100 to 50000 V in steps of 1 V
Default: 600 V
This setting represents the rated phase-to-phase motor voltage. The MOTOR NAMEPLATE VOLTAGE setting is
used as a reference for the voltage dependent thermal overload curve feature and indicates a 100% voltage
starting condition.

MOTOR HORSEPOWER
Range: 100 to 200000 HP in steps of 1 HP
Default: 4000 HP
This setting represents the motor rated horsepower (HP).

Note:
This setting is only needed in the Stator-Inter-Turn Fault element to calculate negative sequence impedance when the
setpoint Neg Seq Imp Autoset

RATED SPEED
Range: 100 to 7200 RPM in steps of 1
Default: 3600 RPM
RPM defines the rated speed of the motor.

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Note:
In 2 Speed motor application, when 2-Speed Motor Protection is “Enabled” and Speed2 Motor Switch is “On”, setpoint
Speed2 Rated Speed, programmed under System > Motor > Setup, will be used by the Speed Protection as the rated
value.

MOTOR RATED EFFICIENCY

Range: 0.0 to 100.0% in steps of 1.0
Default: 100.0%
This setting represents the motor rated efficiency and is used by the ESA (electrical signature analysis) element
found under Monitoring. This setting is only available with order code option Extended (E) Monitoring.

EMERGENCY RESTART
Range: FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This feature must only be used in an emergency, as it defeats the purpose of the relay – protecting the motor.
The input selected by the setting is used to reset the motor thermal capacity used from its current value to 0%,
so that a hot motor may be restarted. The selected input also sets the Start Inhibit block functions lockout time to
zero. These are: Thermal Inhibit, Maximum Starting Rate and Time Between Starts. However, a Restart
Delay inhibit lockout will remain active (it may be used as a backspin timer) and any trip condition that remains
(such as a hot RTD) will still cause a trip.
In the event of a real emergency, the Emergency Restart input must remain asserted until the emergency is over.
All the associated output relays reset until the Emergency Restart Input is removed. However, the TCU does
not remain reset to zero if the Emergency Restart input remains asserted, the thermal model continues
calculating the TCU.
The Emrg Restart Alarm operand is asserted if the Emergency Restart input remains asserted for 10 seconds.

NUMBER OF STARTS TO LEARN

Range: 1 to 5 in steps of 1
Default: 3
This setting selects number of motor start and stop records to calculate learned data presented in the Setpoints
> Records > Motor Learned Data.

LOAD AVERAGE CALC. PERIOD

Range: 1 to 90 min in steps of 1 min
Default: 15 min
This setting adjusts the period of time over which the average motor load and power is calculated. The
calculation is ignored during motor starting.

SWITCHING DEVICE TYPE

Range: Breaker, Contactor
Default: Contactor
Default: Breaker
This setting specifies the type of switching device installed to stop or start the motor.

MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL

Range (4.10): 0 to 60 cycles in steps of 1 cycle

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Default: 0 cycles
This value (when non-zero) averages current and power factor for the programmed number of cycles using a
running average technique.This setting is intended for use on driving reciprocating loads or variable frequency
drives (VFD).
With the reciprocating load application, the number of cycles to average can be determined from current
waveform capture using the Oscillography/Datalogger feature. The second way to determine this setpoint is by
using the following relation:
N = P / 2, where N is the number of cycles to average and P is the number of poles on the motor.
For example: Set the MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL equal to 3 cycles for a motor driving reciprocating load
with 6 number of poles.
The latter approach of determining the cyclic load only applies to the applications where loads are coupled
directly to the motor (with no gear box).

Note:
When set greater than one cycle, Motor Load Filter Interval may increase trip/alarm times for the following protection
elements: Acceleration Time, Current Unbalance, Mechanical Jam, Overload, Thermal Model, Undercurrent, Power Factor,
Three-Phase Apparent Power, Three-Phase Reactive Power, Three-Phase Real Power and Under Power. No other elements
are affected. Trip/alarm times increase 16.7 ms (or 20msec @50Hz) for each additional cycle in the filter interval.

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

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✤✥ ✱✲ ✪ ✻✤ ✿ ✎✖ ✽✼ ✸✩ ☞✩ ✧✩ ✎✖ ✽✼ ⑨✸ ☞⑨ ⑨✧
✹ ✫ ✻ ✹ ✫✻

Figure 79: Motor Load Averaging Filter for VFD and Cyclic Load Motor Applications

NUMBER OF POLES
Range: 2 to 64 in steps of 2
Default: 2

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

This setting represents the number of poles of the motor.

MAX. ACCELERATION TIME

Range (3.xx): 1.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Range (4.10): 1.00 to 250.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 10.00 s
This setting specifies the maximum acceleration time. This setting can be estimated experimentally by starting a
given motor several times under various load and electrical conditions and measuring the starting time. Some
security margin should be applied.
This setting is used by the Acceleration Time element and Motor Start Statistics.
The Acceleration Time element operates if the motor is not in the Running state when this time expires.
Regardless of whether the Acceleration Time element is Enabled or Disabled, this setting is also required to
calculate the Motor Start Statistics when the motor doesn’t go in the Running state from the Start state, i.e.
unsuccessful motor start. For a successful motor start, motor Starting and Running states are used to calculate
the motor start statistics.

2-SPEED MOTOR PROTECTION

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

Note:
2-Speed Motor Protection is used in Stator-Inter-Turn Fault element, Electrical Signature Analysis and Backspin protection.

This setting is used to enable the two-speed motor function. This function provides proper protection for a two-
speed motor where there are two different full load values. The two-speed functionality is required for motors having
two windings wound into one stator. One winding, when energized, provides one of the speeds. When the second
winding is energized, the motor takes on the speed determined by the second winding. The algorithm integrates the
heating at each speed into one thermal model using a common thermal capacity used register value for both
speeds. Using the relay for such applications provides several options, allowing the removal of traditional wiring and
interlocking.
● Use the front panel pushbuttons and provide necessary operate and interlock logic via FlexLogic.
● Use the external pushbuttons and provide necessary operate and interlock logic using FlexLogic as shown
below.
● Use a traditional external control schematic with some connections to the relay for control and protection.

SPEED2 MOTOR SWITCH

Range: Off, any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
If the two-speed motor feature is used, this setting specifies a FlexLogic operand to indicate the current motor
speed. This is typically an indication that the contactor at speed 2 is energized. When the assigned FlexLogic
operand (typically a contact input operand) is asserted, the algorithm switches to speed 2 (high speed). If the
assigned FlexLogic operand is de-asserted, the algorithm switches to speed 1 (low speed). This allows the relay
to determine which settings must be active at any given time.

SPEED2 SWITCH 2-1 DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 5.00 s

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

This setting specifies the time delay to transfer from high to low speed. This allows the motor to slow down
before energizing at low speed. When the motor is switched from high speed to low speed, the Speed2 Trans
2-1 Op FlexLogic operand is set for time defined by the SPEED2 SWITCH 2-1 DELAY setting to allow inputs for
control logic of contactors and breakers at both speeds. FlexLogic operands required for contactor and breaker
control are provided.

SPEED2 MAX. ACCEL TIME

Range: 1.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 10.00 s
This setting is used by the Speed2 Acceleration Time element and Speed2 Motor Start.
When the setpoint 2-SPEED MOTOR PROTECTION is programmed as enabled, regardless of the Acceleration
Time element being Enabled or Disabled, this setting is also required to calculate the motor start statistics when
the motor does not go into the Running state from the Start state, i.e. unsuccessful motor start. Otherwise, in the
successful motor start case, motor Starting and Running states are used to calculate the motor start statistics.

SPEED2 CT PRIMARY
Range: 1 to 12000 A in steps of 1 A (firmware version up to 3.xx)
Range: 1 to 20000 A in steps of 1 A (firmware version 4.0 onwards)
Default: 500 A
This setting specifies the primary rating of the three-phase CTs installed at the speed 2 stator winding terminals.

SPEED2 MOTOR FLA

Range: 1 to 5000 A in steps of 1 A
Default: 100 A
This setting specifies the motor full load current for speed 2.

SPEED2 RATED SPEED

Range: 100 to 7200 RPM in steps of 1 RPM
Default: 3600 RPM
This setting specifies the motor rated speed for speed 2. In addition, this setting is also used by the Speed
element as the rated value.

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✹ ✛✗✶✼✷
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Figure 80: Two-Speed Motor Protection

7.7.1 VARIABLE FEQUENCY DRIVES

Path: Setpoints > System > Motor > VFD

859-1601-0911 212
Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

Note:
The VFD function is not available when the relay is used for synchronous motor applications (SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
TYPE set to Brush-type or Brushless at Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup).

Some Variable Frequency Drives (VFD), for example pulse width modulated drives, generate significant distortion in
voltages introducing harmonics. However, distortion due to these harmonics is not as significant in currents as in
voltages. The functionality of various protection elements is made adaptive to the VFD motor applications
depending on the system configurations. The possible system configurations can be: (a) motor start and run
through the VFD only, (b) VFD with Bypass (BP) Switch i.e., motor run through the bypass switch without VFD but
the VFD is required for starting.
The VFD Function must be enabled in order to ensure proper performance of the relay for motor applications with
VFD. In the motor application when VFD can be bypassed via the Bypass Switch as shown in Figure 1(B), status of
the bypass switch must be configured as a selected input under setpoint BYPASS SWITCH.
If the VFD Function is enabled and the Bypass Switch operand is not asserted (i.e., bypass switch is open) then the
algorithms adopt the following changes:
● The frequency tracking source is switched from three-phase voltages to three-phase currents. For the case
where currents are not available or system frequency cannot be measured from the available ac signals, the
power system nominal frequency is used as a default. All elements will function properly for a frequency
range of 3Hz to 72Hz.
● Thermal Model Voltage Dependent (VD) function is blocked automatically.
● The VFD Not Bypassed operand is asserted, which could be used to block the voltage elements via Block
setting of the elements.
● To mitigate oscillations, all motor current functions except Short Circuit, Ground Fault and Differential
elements use the Motor Load Averaging Filter of length setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL set
under Setpoints > System Setup > Motor
● When the VFD configuration support FUNCTION is enabled and the Bypass Switch operand is now asserted
(i.e. bypass switch is closed) then the frequency tracking source will be switched from currents to voltages.
All voltages elements will work as normal, VFD Not Bypassed operand will be de-asserted while VFD Bypass
operand will be asserted and all motor functions will then be using the normal RMS currents.

Note:
To ensure the proper working of the voltage related functions and metering, CTs and VTs must be on the motor side of the
VFD. In the case that the voltage inputs to the relay are measured at the busbar side of the VFD and there is a frequency
difference between the bus and motor sides of the VFD then voltage functions must not be used or must be blocked. In the
case that the voltage inputs to the relay are measured at motor side of the VFD, voltages may or may not be sinusoidal and
highly distorted depending on the VFD type. We recommend that voltage functions are blocked if VFD output voltages are not
sinusoidal and highly distorted. If VFD output voltages are substantially sinusoidal, which can be verified from the metering,
oscillography and data logger, then blocking of the voltage elements is not required.

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

✛✙✚✫✕✝

✦✧

✢✣✤✆✖✥✤✔★
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✢✣✤✆✖✥
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✄☎✆☎✝ ✬✭✮✮✯✰✱✯✲✳✴✵

Figure 81: Possible VT Locations: Busbar or Motor Side of the VFD

With the VFD motor application, the motor protection relay uses the running average technique to smooth out the
phasor’s ripple due to the distortion generated by the VFD. When setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL is set
to non-zero cycles, the Motor Load Averaging Filter can increase Trip or Alarm times for the following protection
elements:
● Acceleration Time
● Current Unbalance
● Mechanical Jam
● Overload
● Thermal Model
● Reduced Voltage Start
● Undercurrent
● Power Factor
● Three-Phase Apparent Power
● Three-Phase Reactive Power
● Three-Phase Real Power
● Under Power
The short circuit elements such as short circuit, ground fault, differential and TOC/IOC, will trip as per the
specification.
Note that when using this filter for the VFD motor application running at a low frequency, it will result in very long
delay times for the Trip or Alarm. For example, if the setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL is set to 10 cycles
and the motor is running at 20Hz (tracking frequency), then the Trip/Alarm delay is increased by 0.5 sec.
In order to avoid long Trip/Alarm delays, the Trip/Alarm delay is limited internally to the number of cycles equal to
the minimum of the maximum delay at nominal frequency and average filter delay at tracking frequency as follows:

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

Min[(1/Fn) ´ 16 cycles, (1/F) ´ N in cycles]

where:
● N = The setpoint Motor Load Filter Interval for the number of cycles in the range 0 to 32
● Fn = The nominal system frequency in Hz (50 or 60 Hz)
● F = The tracking frequency in Hz
This adjustment to the filter length to avoid large Trip/Alarm delay is only applicable when the VFD Function is
enabled and the Bypass Switch operand is not asserted. This adjustment is not applicable when this filter is applied
to motor application with reciprocating load. Following examples shows the Trip/Alarm times delay calculation with
the above mentioned adjustment to the filter length when the average filter of length MOTOR LOAD FILTER
INTERVAL is applied for the VFD applications:
Example 1:
● Setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL, N = 20 cycles
● Tracking frequency, F = 40Hz
● Setpoint Nominal Frequency, Fn = 60Hz
● Maximum time delay @ Nominal Frequency = (1/Fn) x 16 cycles x 1000 = ~270 msec
● Actual time delay @ or tracking Frequency = (1/F) x 20 cycles x 1000 = ~500 msec
The Trip/Alarm time delay is then = Min(270, 500) = 270msec
Example 2:
● Setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL, N = 4 cycles
● Tracking frequency, F = 70 Hz
● Nominal Frequency, Fn = 60 Hz
● Maximum time delay @ Nominal Frequency = (1/Fn) x 16 cycles x 1000 = ~270 msec
● Actual time delay @ Actual or tracking Frequency = (1/F) x 4 cycles x 1000 = ~60 msec
The Trip/Alarm time delay is then = Min(270, 60) = 60 msec
For the VFD motor application, setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL (under Setpoints > System Setup >
Motor) can be determined from the captured load waveforms obtained from the Datalogger or Oscillography
features by following the steps below:
1. Capture the pre-filtered load analog value from the Datalogger/Oscillography. This analog value is defined as
Motor Load in the Thermal Model analog values. Motor Load is the average of three RMS input currents and
is applied at the input of motor load averaging filter.
2. By analyzing the captured waveform in Step 1, estimated the length of oscillation that repeats itself at regular
intervals. Estimation of length must be done in nominal power cycles.
3. Set the Motor Load Filter Interval equal to the value estimated in Step 2 plus a recommended margin of 1
cycle.
4. Capture the Fltd Motor Load analog value from the Datalogger/Oscillography. Fltd Motor Load is the
motor load current after filtration of oscillations due to VFD.
5. Analyze the captured waveform in Step 4 to see if the estimate value from Step 2 is appropriate enough to
mitigate the oscillations. If needed, repeat Steps 1-4 in order to achieved the appropriate value of the setpoint
MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL until oscillations become negligible.

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the VFD configuration support.

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

BYPASS SWITCH
Range: FlexLogic operand
Default Off
This setting defines the digital input to determine if motor is powered by the VFD or directly from the AC source
through bypass switch. The VFD Bypassed operand will be asserted when VFD is bypassed i.e. motor is directly
powered by the AC system or the utility. This operand can be used to block the voltage based elements via
Block setting of the desired elements if this operand is not asserted i.e. VFD is not bypassed.

Note:
We recommend blocking the voltage based elements via Block setting of the desired elements if VFD Not Bypassed is
asserted.

STARTING FREQUENCY
Range: 3.0 to 72.0 Hz in steps of 0.1 Hz
Default: 10.0 Hz
This setting defines starting frequency, which provides faster tracking to the frequency once motor is energized.
For example, in the motor application when VFD is required at the starting and normally the starting frequency is
10 Hz then set the Starting Frequency equal to 10 Hz rather than nominal system frequency. If this value is not
known then simply set this value equal to the system Nominal Frequency.
✬✛✜✭✗✮ ❇❅❆◆❁❖

✢✣ ❍■

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✄☎✆☎✝ ✲✳✴✳✵

P◗❘ ❙❚❯❚❱ ❲❚❳❨❱❨❩ ❯❬❱❚❭❪❬ ❯❬❨ ❫❴❵ P❛❘ ❙❚❯❚❱ ❲❚❳❨❱❨❩ ❯❬❱❚❭❪❬ ❯❬❨ ❫❴❵ ❳❜❯❬
❛❝❲❞❡❡ ❢❳❜❯❣❬

Figure 82: Typical Motor Applications with VFD and Bypass Switch

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

❃ ❃
❂ ❂
▲ ❁ ❁
✌ ❅✔✴ ❊ ✹❀✿ ✹❀✿
❅✕✴ ❑✴ ❅❍✓ ✻ ✻
✽✾ ✵✴ ✾✽
❋●✴ ●✳✏ ✎✳
✕
✼ ✏✏ ✼
✳✤ ✎✴ ★ ✻✸ ✻✸ ✵✴
✍✎✌ ✺✹ ✏✏ ☛
✱ ✹✺✸ ☞✔ ✎✍ ✡✠
✷ ✲ ✷✸ ✌ ✟
✞
✦ ☞ ✝
❉✤ ❉✤ ✆
❈ ☎
❈ ✄
✂
✁

✭ ✶

❊❅
✓❍
✕✎
✫✲ ✳★
✌
❅✲ ❅✕
✔✓✕ ●✴ ✴✕
❇✴✴ ❋✳✴ ●✳✲ ✶ ✭
✑ ✤ ✑

✮✯✰

✮✯✰ ✮✯✰

★ ★
❃ ❑✴ ✧ ❈ ❃
❂ ✔✏ ❑✲ ❑✲ ❂
❁ ✌✑ ✫✳ ✫✳ ❁
✹❀✿ ✚ ✌ ✳✴ ✚ ✗✕✌ ✏ ✏ ✚ ✚ ✹❀✿
✶ ✢✣✜ ❅✕✴ ✣✢ ❅✔✴ ❊✴✎ ✣✢ ✣✢
✻ ✬❊ ✲✒❏ ✜✛ ❅✴ ✳✳ ❇✔ ✜✛ ✜✛ ✗
✻ ✬✶✵
✽✾ ✚✛✙ ❋●✴ ✚✙ ❋●✴ ● ✚✙ ✚✙ ✕✖✓✔ ✽✾ ✴✍
✼
✻✸
❅✔✓
✳✎ ✘ ✳
▼❑
✘ ✳✤ ✧ ❈✲ ✘ ✗✦ ✘ ✼
✻✸ ✍✲
✔✑ ❇✤✎ ✴
✏✔✌ ●✔✍ ●✔✍ ✪✩ ✬✶✵ ✑✒ ✔✑
✹✺✸ ✳✲ ❅✓ ✑ ❅❊✔✓ ❅✩ ❅✩ ★ ❇❆✴ ✏✏✎ ✹✺✸ ✳✲
✷ ✔✲ ✳✎ ✴✏ ✴✏ ❍ ✧ ✬✭✫ ✷ ✔✲
✲❑ ✲❑✳ ✔✑ ✎✖ ❅✎
❍ ■✩ ✩☞ ✩✧ ✎ ❅✎ ❈■ ❈☞ ❈✧
✦
✥✤ ❅❄✎ ✌✍ ✫ ✱
✱ ✦ ✤ ✖❏ ☞ ☞ ✪
❏ ☞

Figure 83: VFD Logic

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

7.7.2 PRESET VALUES

You can preset the following actual value accumulators. When the accumulator is preset with a new value, the relay
overwrites the previous actual value and continues the accumulation starting from the new value. The accumulated
value is displayed in Status or Metering.
Path: Setpoints > System > Motor > Preset Values

MOTOR RUNNING HOURS

Range: 0 to 99999 hrs in steps of 1 hr
This value sets the running hours of the existing motor. The accumulated Motor Running Hours is shown in
STATUS > MOTOR > MOTOR RUNNING HOURS.

POS WATT HOURS

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
This value sets the Positive Watt Hours. The accumulated Positive Watt Hours are shown in METERING >
ENERGY 1 > PWR1 POS WATTHOURS. Clearing the Energy Use Data sets the displayed value to the preset
value.

NEG WATT HOURS

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
This value sets the Negative Watt Hours. The accumulated Negative Watt Hours are shown in METERING >
ENERGY 1 > PWR1 NEG WATTHOURS. Clearing the Energy Use Data sets the displayed value to the preset
value.

POS VAR HOURS

Range: 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 Mvarh
This value sets the Positive (negative) Var Hours. The accumulated Positive Var Hours are shown in METERING
> ENERGY 1 > PWR1 POS VARHOURS. Clearing the Energy Use Data sets the displayed metering value to
the preset value.

NEG VAR HOURS

Range: 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 Mvarh
This value sets the Negative Var Hours. The accumulated Negative Var Hours are shown in METERING >
ENERGY 1 > PWR1 NEG VARHOURS. Clearing the Energy Use Data sets the displayed metering value to the
preset value.

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

7.8 SWITCHING DEVICE

The relay supports two types of motor switching devices: breakers and contactors. A breaker operation is controlled
by two coils labeled “Trip” and “Close”. Each of them has to be separately energized with a short pulse in order to
change the state of the breaker. A contactor operation is controlled by a single coil. When the coil is energized, the
main contacts are closed and when the coil is de-energized, the main contacts are open. You need to select either
“Breaker” or “Contactor” and the selection must match the actual device type used.
The selection is made in Setpoints > System > Motor > Switching Device Type.

7.8.1 BREAKERS
The breaker connection/disconnection to/from the power system (racked-out by the breaker racking mechanism, or
isolated by the associated disconnect switches on a fixed circuit breaker) is provided by monitoring the contact input
BKR CONNECTED. If the contact input selected under the CONNECTED setpoint is asserted, the breaker is
considered connected to the primary system. When the breaker is determined disconnected, the breaker state is
shown to be neither open, nor closed. The trolley is integrated with a circuit breaker (CB), which works as a
Disconnect switch. CB Trolley status is decided based on the contact input selected under the CONNECTED and
BKR TROLLEY setpoints.
Path: Setpoints > System > Breakers

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: BKR1

CONTACT INPUT 52a

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Selects the Contact Input connected to the Breaker auxiliary contact 52a.

CONTACT INPUT 52b

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Selects the Contact Input connected to the Breaker auxiliary contact 52b.

CONNECTED
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Select a contact input to show whether the breaker is connected (Racked-in, or disconnect switches switched-
on), or disconnected (racked-out, or disconnect switches switched-off) from the system.

BKR TROLLEY
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Select a contact input to show whether the Breaker Trolley is connected or disconnected from the system.

TRIP RELAY SELECT

Range: Off, Any Output Relay

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

Default: Relay 1
This setting is typically available for two or more breaker applications. For single breaker applications, the setting
is hidden and trip relay selection is defaulted to Relay 1.Any output relay from the list of available output relays
can be programmed for breaker tripping action.

CLOSE RELAY SELECT

Range: Off, Relay X
Default: Relay 2
This setting is typically available for two or more breaker applications. For single breaker applications, the setting
is hidden and close relay selection is defaulted to Relay 2.Any output relay from the list of available output relays
can be programmed for breaker closing action.

Breaker status depending on availability of contacts 52a and 52b

52a Contact 52b Contact
Breaker Status
Configured Configured

Open Closed

52a contact open 52b contact

Yes Yes 52a contact closed 52b contact open
closed
Yes No 52a contact open 52a contact closed
No Yes 52b contact closed 52b contact open
No No Breaker Not Configured Breaker Not Configured

Breaker status with both contacts 52a and 52b configured

52a Contact 52b Contact
Breaker Status
Configured Configured
Off On BKR Opened
On Off BKR Closed
On On BKR Unknown State
Off Off BKR Unknown State

★✫✵✶✫✷✸✹✜
✿✵❃✺✷✹✽❃ ✷✺✵✻✼✽✾✿
✁✂ ✄ ❀✏❁✟✆✝✝✞✟✠✞✡
✁✂ ✄ ☎✆✝✝✞✟✠✞✡
✳
☛☞✞✌✍✆✎✏✟ ✆✑✞✒✓✝✡ ✔✄✕ ✖✗✗ ✔ ✘ ✙✚ ✴ ★✫✵✶✫✷✸✹✜
✙
✛ ✚ ✷✺✵✻✼✽✾✿
✛ ✁✂ ✄ ☎✆✝✝✞✟✠✞✡
✜✢✣✣✤✥✦✤✧ ★✩✤✪✫✢✬✭✥
✢✮✤✯✰✣✧ ✱✦✰✦✲✱

✿✵❃✺✷✹✽❃
✁✂ ✄ ❅✒✆☞☞✞❆
★✫✵✶✫✷✸✹✜
✖✗✗ ✔ ✘ ✙✚ ✳ ✷✺✵✻✼✽✾✿
✛ ✴ ❇✒ ❅✒✆☞☞✞❆ ✓✡ ❈✠✓✠❉❁
☛☞✞✌✍✆✎✏✟ ✆✑✞✒✓✝✡ ✔✄✕

❃✯✢✩✩✤❄ ★✩✤✪✫✢✬✭✥ ✷✮✤✯✰✣✧ ❂✳

✿✦✰✦✲✱
✴

Figure 84: Breaker Connected/Disconnected (Racked-In/Racked-Out) Detection

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

☞❫❪❬☛☞ ♣☛❙❙❫❬☛

❵❝❞ ✶ ✔✓✕ ✒✓✔❋qs❢❞t✉

❈ ❆❥ ✖✗❛❡❥ ✚✥✗ ✢✚✥❥❛✢❥ ✣✤✚✛✤❛❦❦✗✦

❘
❧❥✚ ✕✤✜✣ ❛✥✦ ✒✖✚❡✗ ✚r❥✣r❥ ✤✗✖❛♥❡
♦

❙☛☞✌✍✎✏☞

✺✑❛ ✒✓✔✕❆✒✕ ❲❨☛❩❨✍❬✎❭ ✍✌☛❪❫✏❴❙

❋✖✗✘✙✚✛✜✢ ✚✣✗✤❛✥✦❂✶✱ ✓❖❖ ❂ ✵ ❵❝❞ ✶ ✒✚✥❖✜✛r✤✗✦

❅
◆
❉
P❇ ✫■❏❑ ❇✻■▲✹■✻ ▼✫◗❚■❏

❅
◆
❉ ❲❨☛❩❨✍❬✎❭ ✍✌☛❪❫✏❴❙
❈
❘
❵❝❞ ✶ ✒✖✚❡✗✦

❙☛☞✌✍✎✏☞

✺✑❜ ✒✓✔✕❆✒✕
❅
◆
❋✖✗✘✙✚✛✜✢ ✚✣✗✤❛✥✦❂✶✱ ✓❖❖ ❂ ✵ ❉

P❇ ✫■❏❑ ❇✻■▲✹■✻ ◗P■❯■❏

✧★✩✪✫✬✭✮✯ ✬✰✩✲✳✴✷ ❲❨☛❩❨✍❬✎❭ ✍✌☛❪❫✏❴❙

❅
◆ ❈
✸❇✹✻ ✼✾✳ ✿❀✳❀✩❁ ❘
❉ ❵❝❞ ✶ ✓✣✗✥✗✦

✧★✩✪✫✬✭✮✯ ✬✰✩✲✳✴✷
✸❇✹✻ ✼✾❃ ✿❀✳❀❄✿❁
✫■❏❑ ▲✫▲✻❱

❲❨☛❩❨✍❬✎❭ ✍✌☛❪❫✏❴❙
❳
❈ ❊● ♠❍
❅ ❘ ❵❝❞ ✶ ❢✥❣❤✥ ✐❥❛❥✗
◆
❉

✽ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 85: Breaker State Detection logic diagram

7.8.2 CONTACTORS
Path: Setpoints > System > Contactor > Contactor 1
If the selection in Setpoints > System > Motor > Switching Device Type is Contactor, the menu shows the
following:Path: Setpoints > System > Contactor

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Contactor 1

CONTACT INPUT 52a

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Selects the Contact Input connected to the contactor auxiliary contact 52a.

CONTACT INPUT 52b

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Selects the Contact Input connected to the contactor auxiliary contact 52b.

CONNECTED
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

Select a contact input to show whether the contactor is connected (Racked-in, or disconnect switches switched-
on) or disconnected (racked-out, or disconnect switches switched-off) to the system. This setpoint is only
applicable to the withdrawable type of contactors

TRIP RELAY SELECT

Range: Off, Any Output Relay
Default: Relay 1
Output Relay 1 can be programmed for contactor tripping action. If, for example, instance Relay 1 is
programmed under this setpoint for tripping, the operation of the output will follow the Trip Logic

CLOSE RELAY SELECT

Range: Off, Relay X
Default: Off
Selection of any auxiliary relay assigns the Start command to the selected output relay. The selected auxiliary
output relay under this setpoint follows the Close Logic.

Note:
Any relay that is selected as Close Relay will not then be available for selection in any element.

Note:
The logic for contactor configuration and the Open/Close status is shown in the tables below:

Contactor status depending on availability of contacts 52a and 52b

52a Contact 52b Contact
Breaker Status
Configured Configured

Open Closed

52a contact open 52a contact closed

Yes Yes
52b contact closed 52b contact open
Yes No 52a contact open 52a contact closed
No Yes 52b contact closed 52b contact open
No No Breaker Not Configured Breaker Not Configured

Contactor status with both contacts 52a and 52b configured

52a Contact 52b Contact
Breaker Status
Configured Configured
Off On BKR Opened
On Off BKR Closed
On On BKR Unknown State
Off Off BKR Unknown State

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

✘✙✚✛✜✢✣✤✥ ✢✦✚✧★✩✪ ✫✬★✬✭✫

✯✰ ✲✰✄✳☎✴ ✄✂ ✷✸✆✹❙
❈✎✖✺✕✒✺✎✔ ✡✑✻✒✎✖✖☞✒✺☞✗
❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✁ ❆◆
❉ ✯✰ ✲✰✄✳☎✴ ✄✂ ✷✸✆✹❙
❈✝✞✞✟❈✠✟✡ ✮
❘ ❈✎✖✺✕✒✺✎✔ ❈✎✖✖☞✒✺☞✗
❋☛☞✌✍✎✏✑✒ ✎✓☞✔✕✖✗❂✶✱ ✝❖❖ ❂ ✵
✽✼✾✿❀✼❁❃❄❅❇❊

Figure 86: Contactor Connected/Disconnected (Racked-In/Racked-Out) Detection

❊●❍■❏❊ ❑❏❙❙●■❏
❈✹✻✴❛✼✴✹✾ ✞✹✴ ❈✹✻▼P❀

❖
❘

❆✴ ✵✶❛✷✴ ✹✻✶ ✼✹✻✴❛✼✴ ✽✾✹❀✾❛❁❁✶❂

❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✁ ❃✴✹ ✹t✴✽t✴ ✾✶✵❛❄✷ ✟✪✥✠ ❛✻❂ ❈✱✝✩❅❇
❈✝✞✟❆❈✟ ✥✞✠✡✟ ✺☛❛
❵❞❡❢❣❤✐❥❦ ❧♥❡♦♣qr s✉✈ ✇①① s ② ◗❯❏❱❯❲■❨❩ ❲❬❏❍●❭❪❙
❈✹✻✴❛✼✴✹✾ ❈✹✻▼P❀t✾✶❂
✦
◆
❉

✦
◆
❉ ◗❯❏❱❯❲■❨❩ ❲❬❏❍●❭❪❙
❖
❘ ❈✹✻✴❛✼✴✹✾ ❈✵✹✷✶❂

❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✁
❈✝✞✟❆❈✟ ✥✞✠✡✟ ✺☛❜ ✦
◆
❵❞❡❢❣❤✐❥❦ ❧♥❡♦♣qr s✉✈ ✇①① s ② ❉

❖ ◗❯❏❱❯❲■❨❩ ❲❬❏❍●❭❪❙
❋☞✌✍✎✏✑✒✓ ✔✕✌✖✗✘✙ ✦ ❘ ❈✹✻✴❛✼✴✹✾ ✝✽✶✻✶❂
✭✚✛✗ ✜✢✗✢✌✮ ◆
❉
❋☞✌✍✎✏✑✒✓ ✔✕✌✖✗✘✙
✭✚✛✣ ✜✢✗✢✤✜✮

✎▲✫✿ ✬✎✬✯✰
❳ ✸✧♠★
❖ ✩
❘
✧ ♠★ ◗❯❏❱❯❲■❨❩ ❲❬❏❍●❭❪❙
✦
◆ ✱❆✟❈❚ ❈✹✻✴❛✼✴✹✾ ✡✻❫❴✻ ✩✴❛✴
❉
❖ ③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩❶❷❸❹
❘ ✪

✯▲✲▲✳
✭✓✏❝❝✗✘✙✮

Figure 87: Contactor State Detection logic diagram

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

7.9 FLEXCURVES
The relay incorporates four programmable FlexCurves - FlexCurve A, B, C and D. The points for these curves are
defined in the EnerVista D&I Setup software. User-defined curves can be used for Time Overcurrent protection in
the same way as IEEE, IAC, ANSI, and IEC curves. Each of the four FlexCurves has 120-point settings for entering
times to reset and operate, 40 points for reset (from 0 to 0.98 times the Pickup value) and 80 for operate (from 1.03
to 20 times the Pickup). This data is converted into two continuous curves by linear interpolation between data
points.
Path: Setpoints > System > FlexCurves

Note:
Use EnerVista D&I Setup software to select, design or modify any of the Flexcurves

Note:

Figure 88: Flexcurve setpoints

The following table for FlexCurves A, B, C, and D details the 120 points as well as the characteristic for each of
them, and a blank cell to write the time value when the operation (for I > Ipickup) or the reset (for I < Ipickup) is
required.

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Chapter 7 - System Setpoints

RESET TIME ms RESET TIME ms OPERATE TIME OPERATE TIME OPERATE TIME OPERATE TIME
ms ms ms ms
0.00 0.68 1.03 2.9 4.9 10.5

0.05 0.70 1.05 3.0 5.0 11.0

0.10 0.72 1.1 3.1 5.1 11.5

0.15 0.74 1.2 3.2 5.2 12.0

0.20 0.76 1.3 3.3 5.3 12.5

0.25 0.78 1.4 3.4 5.4 13.0

0.30 0.80 1.5 3.5 5.5 13.5

0.35 0.82 1.6 3.6 5.6 14.0

0.40 0.84 1.7 3.7 5.7 14.5

0.45 0.86 1.8 3.8 5.8 15.0

0.48 0.88 1.9 3.9 5.9 15.5

0.50 0.90 2.0 4.0 6.0 16.0

0.52 0.91 2.1 4.1 6.5 16.5

0.54 0.92 2.2 4.2 7.0 17.0

0.56 0.93 2.3 4.3 7.5 17.5

0.58 0.94 2.4 4.4 8.0 18.0

0.60 0.95 2.5 4.5 8.5 18.5

0.62 0.96 2.6 4.6 9.0 19.0

0.64 0.97 2.7 4.7 9.5 19.5

0.66 0.98 2.8 4.8 10.0 20.0

The first two columns (40 points) correspond to the RESET curve. The other 4 columns, with 80 points in total,
correspond to the OPERATE curve. The reset characteristic values are between 0 and 0.98xPKP, and the operation
values are between 1.03 and 20xPKP.
The final curve is created by means of a linear interpolation from the defined points. This is a separate process for
the RESET and the OPERATE curve.
The definition of these points is performed in a separate module from the relay, using a configuration program
included in EnerVista D&I Setup software, which incorporates a graphical environment for viewing the curve, thus
making it easy to create.

Note:
The relay using a given FlexCurve applies linear approximation for times lying between the user-entered points. Therefore,
special care must be taken when setting the points close to a Pickup multiple of 1; that is, 0.97*Ipickup and 0.98*Ipickup
should be set to a similar value as 1.03*Ipickup. Otherwise, the thermal model may incorrectly estimate the TCU% level
resulting in undesired behavior.

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FLEXCURVE A, B, C, D CONFIGURATION WITH EnerVista D&I Setup software

EnerVista D&I Setup software allows for easy configuration and management of FlexCurves and their associated
data points. Prospective FlexCurves can be configured from a selection of standard curves to provide the best
approximate fit, then specific data points can be edited afterwards. Alternately, curve data can be imported from a
specified file (.csv format) by selecting the Import Data From setting.
Curves and data can be exported, viewed, and cleared by clicking the appropriate buttons. FlexCurves A, B, C, and
D are customized by editing the operating time (ms) values at pre-defined per-unit current multiples. Note that the
pickup multiples start at zero (implying the “reset time”), operating time below Pickup, and operating time above
Pickup.

7.9.1 FLEXCURVES OL CONFIGURATION

FlexCurve OL is customized by editing the operating time values as well as the operate quantity, which is a multiple
of FLA.

The following table shows the configurable operating quantity (x FLA) and operating times (in seconds) for the
maximum configurable range of 30 operating points. The minimum number of operating points is 10.

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Example FlexCurve OL Values with 30 Operating Points

Trip Time Operating Time (s) Trip Time Operating Time (s)
1.01 x FLA 17414.38 3.75 x FLA 26.78
1.05 x FLA 3414.84 4.00 x FLA 23.32
1.10 x FLA 1666.72 4.25 x FLA 20.50
1.20 x FLA 795.44 4.50 x FLA 18.17
1.30 x FLA 507.21 4.75 x FLA 16.22
1.40 x FLA 364.54 5.00 x FLA 14.57
1.50 x FLA 279.96 5.50 x FLA 11.96
1.75 x FLA 169.66 6.00 x FLA 9.99
2.00 x FLA 116.63 6.50 x FLA 8.48
2.25 x FLA 86.12 7.00 x FLA 7.29
2.50 x FLA 66.64 7.50 x FLA 6.33
2.75 x FLA 53.31 8.00 x FLA 5.55
3.00 x FLA 43.73 10.00 x FLA 5.55
3.25 x FLA 36.58 15.00 x FLA 5.55
3.50 x FLA 31.09 20.00 x FLA 5.55

Note:
For FlexCurve OL to properly work, it is important to enter the current pickup levels (x FLA) in ascending order, while the trip
times can be entered in descending or ascending order.

The FlexCurve OL points are configured in the Setup software, which incorporates a graphical user interface. The
final curve is created by means of a linear interpolation from the points defined by the user.

FlexCurve OLName
Default: FlexCurve OL

No. of Operating Points

Range: 10 to 30 insteps of 1
Default: 30

Select Curve
Range: Standard Curve
Default: Standard Curve

Curve Multiplier
Range: 1 to 25 in steps of 1
Default: 4
Default: Est Time-Speed

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INPUT AND OUTPUT SETPOINTS

Chapter 8 - Input and Output Setpoints

8.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the Device setpoint menu settings in detail.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 229
Inputs 230
Outputs 234

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8.2 INPUTS

Setpoints
Device
System
Inputs Contact Inputs
Outputs Virtual Inputs
Protection Analog inputs*
Monitoring Remote inputs
Control
* Not 859
Flexlogic
Testing 894529B1
Figure 89: Inputs Display Hierarchy

8.2.1 CONTACT INPUTS

The relay is equipped with a number of Contact Inputs, all of which are programmable apart from the ACCESS
switch input. These digital inputs have default names to match the functions of the inputs (differential, speed,
emergency restart, remote reset and spare).However, in addition to their default settings they can also be
programmed for use as generic inputs to set up trips and alarms or for monitoring purposes based on external
contact inputs. These Contact Inputs are dry input signals, which use an internal DC voltage source.
The Contact Inputs are either open or closed with a programmable debounce time to prevent false operation from
induced voltage. The debounce time is adjustable as per manufacturer specifications.
A raw status is scanned for all Contact Inputs synchronously at the constant rate of one protection pass (1/8 cycle)
as shown in the figure below. The DC input voltage is compared to a user-settable threshold. A new Contact Input
state must be maintained for a user-configurable debounce time in order for the relay to validate the new contact
state. In the figure below, the debounce time is set at 2.5 ms; thus the 3rd sample in a row validates the change of
state (mark no. 2 in the diagram). Once validated (debounced), the new state will be declared and a FlexLogic
operand will be asserted at the time of a new protection pass. A time stamp of the first sample in the sequence that
validates the new state is used when logging the change of the Contact Input into the Event Recorder (mark no. 1 in
the diagram).
Protection and control elements, as well as FlexLogic equations and timers, are executed eight times in a power
system cycle. The protection pass duration is controlled by the frequency tracking mechanism. The FlexLogic
operand reflecting the debounced state of the contact is updated at the protection pass following the debounce
(marked no. 2 on the figure below). The update is performed at the beginning of the protection pass so all protection
and control functions, as well as FlexLogic equations, are fed with the updated states of the Contact Inputs.
The FlexLogic operand response time to the Contact Input change is related to the debounce time setting plus up to
one protection pass (variable and depending on system frequency if frequency tracking enabled). For example, 8
protection passes per cycle on a 60 Hz system correspond to a protection pass every 2.1 ms. With a contact
debounce time setting of 3.0 ms, the FlexLogic™ operand-assert time limits are: 4.2 + 0.0 = 4.2 ms and 4.2 + 2.1 =
6.3 ms. The 4.2 ms is the minimum protection pass period that contains a debounce time, 3.0 ms.
Regardless of the contact debounce time setting, the Contact Input event is time-stamped with 1 protection pass
accuracy using the time of the first scan corresponding to the new state (mark no. 1 below). Therefore, the time
stamp reflects a change in the DC voltage across the Contact Input terminals that was not accidental as it was
subsequently validated using the debounce timer. The debounce algorithm is symmetrical: the same procedure and
debounce time are used to filter the LOW-HIGH (marks no.1 and 2 in the figure below) and HIGH-LOW (marks no.
3 and 4 below) transitions.

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Figure 90: Contact Input Debouncing Mechanism and Time-stamping Sample Timing

Path: Setpoints > Inputs > Contact Inputs

The Contact Inputs menu contains configuration settings for each Contact Input as well as voltage threshold for all
Contact Inputs.

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: CI 1
An alphanumeric name may be assigned to a Contact Input for diagnostic, setting, and event recording
purposes. The CI X ON (Logic 1) FlexLogic operand corresponds to Contact Input X being closed, while CI X
OFF corresponds to Contact Input X being open. The default names of the contact inputs are matched to the
functions of the inputs (differential, speed, emergency restart, remote reset and spare). However, in addition to
their default settings they can also be programmed for use as generic inputs to set up trips and alarms or for
monitoring purposes based on external contact inputs

DEBOUNCE TIME
Range: 0.0 to 16.0 ms in steps of 0.5 ms
Default: 10.0 ms
The Debounce Time defines the time required for the contact to overcome ‘contact bouncing’ conditions. As this
time differs for different contact types and manufacturers, set it as a maximum contact debounce time (per
manufacturer specifications) plus some margin to ensure proper operation.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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For example, to use Contact Input F1 as a status input from the breaker 52b contact, to seal-in the trip relay and
record it in the Event Records menu, make the following settings changes:
CONTACT INPUT 1 NAME: 52b
CONTACT INPUT 1 EVENTS: Enabled

Note:
The 52b contact is closed when the breaker is open and open when the breaker is closed.

8.2.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS

The relay is equipped with 64 Virtual Inputs that can be individually programmed to respond to input signals from
the keypad or from communications protocols. This has the following advantages over Contact Inputs only:
● The number of logic inputs can be increased without introducing additional hardware.
● Logic functions can be invoked from a remote location over a single communication channel.
● The same logic function can be invoked both locally via contact input or front panel keypad, and/or remotely
via communications.
● Panel switches can be replaced entirely by virtual switches to save cost and wiring.
All Virtual Input operands are defaulted to Off (logic 0) unless the appropriate input signal is received.
Path: Setpoints > Inputs > Virtual Inputs > Virtual Input

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
If this setting is disabled, the input is OFF (logic 0) regardless of any attempt to alter the input. If enabled, the
input operates as shown on the logic diagram below, and generates output FlexLogic operands in response to
received input signals and the applied settings.

NAME
Range: Up to 13 Alphanumeric Characters
Default: VI 1
An alphanumeric name may be assigned to a Virtual Input for diagnostic, setting, and event recording purposes.

Note:
Do not use special characters (e.g. <) as this could result in an error. Use only letters from the alphabet and numbers.

TYPE
Range: Latched, Self-reset
Default: Latched
There are two types of operation: self-reset and latched. If VIRTUAL INPUT x TYPE is “Self-Reset,” when the
input signal transits from OFF to ON the output operand will be set to ON for only one evaluation of the
FlexLogic equations, then return to OFF. If set to “Latched,” the virtual input sets the state of the output operand
to the same state as the most recent received input.
The self-reset operating mode generates the output operand for a single evaluation of the FlexLogic equations
(i.e., a pulse of one protection pass). If the operand is to be used anywhere other than internally in a FlexLogic
equation, it will likely have to be lengthened in time. A FlexLogic timer with a delayed reset time can perform this
function.

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Chapter 8 - Input and Output Setpoints

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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Figure 91: Virtual Inputs Scheme Logic

8.2.3 REMOTE INPUTS

Remote inputs provide a means of exchanging digital state information between Ethernet-networked devices
supporting IEC 61850. Remote inputs that create FlexLogic operands at the receiving relay are extracted from
GOOSE messages originating in remote devices.
Remote input 1 must be programmed to replicate the logic state of a specific signal from a specific remote device
for local use. The programming is performed by the three settings shown in the Virtual Inputs section.
Path: Setpoints > Inputs > Remote Inputs

NAME
Range: Up to 13 Alphanumeric Characters
Default: VI 1
An alphanumeric name may be assigned to a Remote Input for diagnostic, setting, and event recording
purposes.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
This setting enables event generation whenever Remote Input Status is updated.

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8.3 OUTPUTS

Setpoints
Device
System
Inputs Output Relays
Outputs Virtual Outputs
Protection Analog Outputs
Monitoring
Control
Flexlogic
Testing 894530B1
Figure 92: Outputs Display Hierarchy

8.3.1 OUTPUT RELAYS

The device is equipped with four Form-C output relays. Each output relay has normally open (NO) and normally
closed (NC) contacts, and can switch up to 8 A at either 250 V AC or 30 V DC with a resistive load. The NO or NC
state is determined by the ‘no power’ state of the relay outputs.
All four output relays may be configured for fail-safe or non-fail-safe operation. When in fail-safe mode, output relay
activation or a loss of control power will cause the contacts to go to their power down state.
Example:
● A fail-safe NO contact closes when the relay is powered up (if no prior unreset trip conditions) and will open
when activated (tripped) or when the relay loses control power.
● A non-fail-safe NO contact remains open when the relay is powered up (unless theres is a prior unreset trip
condition), and will close only when activated (tripped). If control power is lost while the output relay is
activated (NO contacts closed) the NO contacts will open.
These Auxiliary Relays can be energized from the menu of the protection or control feature or from their respective
menus when assigning a FlexLogic operand (trigger) under the setpoint Aux Rly # Operate. By default, Aux Relay
1 and 2 are configured for tripping and alarm purposes, respectively. They are labeled Trip, Alarm, Aux 1 and Aux 2.
Depending on how an Aux. Relay is assigned, one of the following logic diagrams apply:
● If any of the auxiliary output relays are programmed under the Breaker or Contactor menu for tripping, the
operation of the output follows the Trip logic outlined in the logic diagram (Relay 1 TRIP Selected for Breaker
1 logic diagram) below.
● If any of the auxiliary output relays are programmed under Breaker or Contactor menu for closing, the
operation of the output follows the Close logic diagram (Close Selected for Breaker 1 logic diagram).
● If the auxiliary output is not programmed for tripping or closing a breaker, the operation of the output follows
the generic relay logic from logic diagram (Auxiliary relays general logic).
The Trip and Close auxiliary relays follow the respective Trip and Close logic, meaning they will have fixed operating
characteristics as they depend on breaker feedback for resetting.
The auxiliary relays selected for breaker tripping are also available for selection from the menus of all protection
elements. However, the auxiliary relays selected for breaker closing are excluded from the list for selection from the
menu of all elements. Refer to the Breaker setup section on how to select an auxiliary relay for tripping and closing
breakers.

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Trip and Close output relay operation

The operation of the Trip and Close output relays is designed to be controlled by the 52a and 52b contacts.
If TYPE is set to Dropoff, the Trip and Close relay operation follows the logic outlined below:
● The Trip and Close relays reset after a breaker is detected in a state corresponding to the command. When a
command is sent to one of these special relays, it remains operated until the requested change of the breaker
state is confirmed and the initiating condition has reset.
● If the command resets without a change of the breaker state, the output relay is reset after a default interval
of 2 seconds.
● If neither of the breaker auxiliary contacts 52a nor 52b is assigned to a logic input, the Trip Relay resets after
a default interval of 100 ms after the initiating input resets. The Close Relay is reset after 200 ms.
● The Dropoff Time setpoint is available only when the output relay is selected as Dropoff. In all other cases
the Dropoff Time setpoint is hidden and deactivated. The default setting for the Dropoff time is 100 ms.
If the selection is Latched, the relay is energized by any trip or open command and remains energized upon
element dropout. Latched auxiliary outputs can be reset with a reset command.
If Self-Reset type is selected, the output relay is energized when the corresponding element operates and it
stays energized until the element drops out.

Figure 93: Switch timing of relay types

DWELL TIMER
When the input energizing quantity is true, the output is also activated at the same time instance. If the input
energizing quantity stays activated for a time period shorter than the amount of time defined by the setpoint pickup
value, the output stays activated for the specified time, even if the input energizing quantity is activated again in
between.
If the input energizing quantity stays activated for a time period longer than the predefined amount of the pickup
value time, the output is deactivated when the input energizing quantity is deactivated.

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Chapter 8 - Input and Output Setpoints

The following tables summarize the operation

Setpoint ‘Type’ Reset Operation Setpoint ‘Pickup Value’ Setpoint ‘Dropoff Value’
Pickup Self-Reset Visible Hidden
Dropoff Self-Reset Hidden Visible
Pickup/Dropoff Self-Reset Visible Visible
Self-Reset Self-Reset Hidden Hidden
Latched Latched, can reset only by Reset Command. Hidden Hidden
Pulsed Pulsed Visible Hidden
Dwell Dwell Visible Hidden

52a Contact 52b Contact Relay Operation

Configured Configured
Yes Yes Trip Relay and Close Relays continue operating until the breaker is detected open or closed using both
52a and 52b contacts as per breaker detection logic.
Yes No The Trip Relay continues operating until 52a indicates an open breaker. The Close Relay continues
operating until 52a indicates a closed breaker.
No Yes The Trip Relay continues operating until 52b indicates an open breaker. The Close Relay continues
operating until 52b indicates a closed breaker.
No No The Trip Relay operates upon a trip command and stays “high” until the 100 ms default time expires.
The Close Relay operates upon close command and resets after the 200 ms time expires.

8.3.1.1 OUTPUT RELAY AVAILABILITY

The output relays can be used for many different purposes such as opening and closing breakers, contactors,
switches, control of primary equipment such as motor, transformer, generator, for blocking or supervision purposes,
for interlocking, etc.. To avoid using the same output relay for two totally different actions, the relay checks the
assignments of these output relays, and prevents their usage for some other actions. For this purpose, the output
relays that have been already assigned for Trip and Close actions, are hidden from the menus of other elements.
When Output Relay 1 has been assigned under Trip Relay Select setpoint to trip breaker (or contactor), this output
relay will be hidden from the list of outputs available to select in the menu of Protection/Control/Monitoring
elements. Similarly, when any of the auxiliary relays has been assigned under Close Relay Select setpoint to close
breaker (or contactor), this output relay will be hidden from the list of outputs available to select in the menu of
Protection/Control/Monitoring elements.

MAINTAINING AN UNINTERRUPTED PROCESS

The Output Relays are operational (can be closed/opened) while the is In-Service. If the relay goes into “Out-of-
Service” mode, the status of all previously energized output relays changes to de-energized. If an output relay was
used to maintain a running process, or to hold a motor contactor while energized, the process or the motor
contactor will be interrupted. To keep the process uninterrupted, the following connection scheme can be applied:

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Figure 94: Maintaining an uninterrupted process upon a relay Major Error

If the output relay is energized during the In-Service relay condition, the NO contact will be closed, and the NC
contact will be open. The process is running. If the relay goes into “Out-of-Service” mode, the output relay will be
de-energized, and the process will still be running, as the NC contact will be closed. An external switch, or stop
pushbutton must be installed in series to the relay output contacts, so that one can stop the process if needed.

8.3.1.2 RELAY SELECTED FOR BREAKER TRIP

When any Auxiliary Relay is selected under Setpoints > System > Breakers (Contactor) > Breakers 1
(Contactor 1) > Trip Relay Select, the Trip Relay logic is applied to energize the selected Relay. If the selected
value of Trip Relay Select is Off, the output relay functions as an Auxiliary relay. The description below applies to
the Relay 1 Trip functionality

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Trip
The setpoint is used to name the Trip relay by selecting up to 13 alphanumeric characters.

Note:
If Aux Relay 1 is selected for Breaker Trip or Contactor Trip, the relay name from the Output Relays menu changes to “Trip”. If
Aux Relay 1 is not selected, the name reverts to “Aux Relay 1".

BLOCK
Range: Disabled, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Disabled
This setting defines a Block to the Trip output relay. When the selected input is asserted, the Trip output relay is
blocked.

OPERATE
Range: Off, On, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint provides a selection of any operand from the list of FlexLogic or communications, which can be
used to energize the Trip output relay.
When set to On, the output relay is constantly asserted (On=1).
When set to Off and no FlexLogic operand is selected, the output relay operates as set in individual protection
elements.

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Note:
Setting OPERATE to On supersedes individual protection function settings.

PICKUP VALUE
Range: 0 to 14400000 in steps of 1 ms
Default: 0 ms
This setting is used to set the time/time delay for Pickup, Dwell, Pulse, Pickup/Dropoff.

DROPOFF VALUE
Range: 0 to 14400000 in steps of 1 ms
Default: 0 ms
This setting is used to set the drop-off time delay for Dropoff, Pickup/Dropoff.

BLOCK
Range: Disabled, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Disabled
This setting defines a Block to the Trip output relay. When the selected input is asserted, the Trip output relay is
blocked.

OPERATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint provides a selection of any operand from the list of FlexLogic or communications, which can be
used to energize the Trip output relay.

TYPE
Range: Pickup, Dropoff, Dwell, Pulse, Pickup/Dropoff, Self-Reset, Latched
Default: Self-Reset
If Self-Reset type is selected, the output relay is energized as long as the element is in operating mode and
resets when the element drops out. If Latched type is selected, the output relay stays energized upon element
dropout. The latched auxiliary outputs can be reset by issuing a reset command. More detail is provided in
description of the Output Relays

OPERATION
Range: Non-Failsafe, Failsafe
Default: Failsafe
Failsafe operation causes the output relay to be energized when the Trip condition signal is low and de-
energized when the same signal is high. A failsafe relay also changes state (if not already activated by an
operand driving this output relay) when control power is removed from the 859. Conversely a non-failsafe relay is
de-energized in its normal non-activated state and will not change state when control power is removed from the
relay (if not already activated by a protection element).
The default value depends on the selection made in: Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup > Switching Device
Type. If the Switching Device Type is “Breaker”, the Operation default is “Non-Failsafe”. If the Switching Device
Type is “Contactor”, the Operation default is “Failsafe”.

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Note:
Changing the default setting will result in losing the basic functionality of the output relay.

Caution:
A failsafe relay changes state when control power is removed from the relay. When Switching
Device Type is “Contactor”, output relay in failsafe mode can result into tripping of the motor when
relay power is removed.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
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➵ ▼ ◆✴❖ ➻
➸ ③❱❯ ④⑤❤❭ ④❶❷❭ ✶❲✹ ④④❷ ✸◆❘❲❨✵✴ r❯✴✶s✴❯✼
❋●❍❍❑▲❞ ❋●❍■❏❑▲❍ ✥✦✧★✩✪✧ ✥✫✪✦✫✪
✳✴✵✶✷ ✸ ✳✴✶✹✷ ✺ ✻✼
✠❛☞❜❝ ➳ ✬✧✭✩✮ ✯ ✰✬✱✲
❁❂❃❄❃❅ ❆❇❈❉❊ ➵
➳ ➸
❡❅ ❢ ❣ ➵ ③❱❯ ④❸⑤❭ ✶❲✹ ④④❷ ✸❙t❱ r❯✴✶s✴❯◆✼
➸ ❙
✥✦✧★✩✪✧ ✪❹✧ ❺✧✭✧❻✪✧❼
q❩❱❲ ✹❯❱❩❱❬❙ ❱❳ ❙◗✴ ❙❯❘❩ ◆❘❨❲✶✵ ✶❲✹ ❲❱ ❽✫❾ ✬✧✭✩✮ ✦★❿➀★✩➁➁✧❼
P◗❘◆ ❙❘❚✴❯ ◆❙✶❯❙◆ ❱❲ ❙◗✴ ❳✶✵✵❘❲❨ ✴✹❨✴ ❱❳ r❯✴✶s✴❯ ❱❩✴❲ ◆❙✶❙❬◆ ✹✴❙✴❖❙✴✹❭ ❙◗❘◆ ❙❘❚✴❯ ➂❿★ ➃➄✬ ✪★➅✦
✶ ❩❬✵◆✴❭ ✶❲✹ ❘◆◆❬✴◆ ✶ ❩❱◆❘❙❘❪✴ ❩❬✵◆✴ t❘✵✵ ◆❙✶❯❙ ❱❲ ❙◗✴ ❯✶❘◆❘❲❨ ✴✹❨✴ ❱❳ ✶ ❩❬✵◆✴
❬❩❱❲ ❙❘❚✴ ✴❫❩❘❯✷ ❘◆◆❬✴✹ ❳❯❱❚ ✴❘❙◗✴❯ ❱❳ ❙◗✴ ❙t❱ ❙❘❚✴❯◆❭ ✶❲✹ ➺ ✙✚✛
t❘✵✵ ❩❯❱✹❬❖✴ ❩❱◆❘❙❘❪✴ ❩❬✵◆✴ ❬❩❱❲ ❙❘❚✴ ➻
✴❫❩❘❯✷✉ ➳
➠➡➢➤➡➥➦➧➨ ➥➩➢➫➭➯➲ ✻❤❤ ❚◆ ✈◗✴❲ r❯✴✶s✴❯ ❱❩✴❲ ◆❙✶❙❬◆ ❘◆ ✹✴❙✴❖❙✴✹❭ ➵ ➳
✶❲✹ ❲❱ ❙❯❘❩ ❘◆ ❩❯✴◆✴❲❙❭ ❙◗✴ ❱❬❙❩❬❙ ❯✴✵✶✷ ➸ ➵
❧♠✳ ✻ ➟✶❲❬✶✵ ♦❩✴❲ t❘✵✵ ◆❙✶✷ ❯✴◆✴❙✉ ➺ ➸
❋●❍❍❑▲❞ ✳✴✵✶✷ ✸✳✴✶✹✷ ✺ ✻✼
➻
✳✴✵✶✷ ✸ ✳✴✶✹✷
☞✛①✙✕ ① ✺ ✻✼
⑥⑦ ❡❄❊❂❇⑧⑨⑩ ❡❅ ❢ ❣
➺ ✙✚✛
✁✂✄ ✜✂✟✢✏✝✟ ➻
❧♠✳ ✻ ♥❱❖✶✵ ♦❩✴❲ ➳ ✓✏✌✣✗✝✁☎✘
➺ ➵ ✤✁☎✡☛☎✁ ✓✏✌✟✡✓✟ ➊➋●➌➋❏❞❑➍ ❏■●➎➏▲➐
➻ ➸
✕✝➆ ✙☎✖✡➇ ☞➉ ✺ ✻✼
✳✴✵✶✷ ✸➈✳✴✶✹✷
❧♠✳ ✻ ✳✴❚❱❙✴✵ ♦❩✴❲ ✳❴❵❴P ✸❖❱❚❚✶❲✹✼
❋●❍■❏❑▲❍
✁✂✄ ✁☎✆✝☎✞✟ ➳ ➑✥✰✾❀ ✬✧✭✩✮ ✯➒✰★➅✦➓ ➅❺
✇✛①② ➵
③❱❯ ④⑤❷ ❱❲✵✷ ➸ ✦★❿➀★✩➁➁✧❼ ➔✮ ✪❹✧ ➁✩→✫➂✩❻✪✫★✧★
q➶✳ q➶ P❯❘❩ ♦❥ ➺ ❁❂❃❄❃❅
➂❿★ ➔★✧✩➣✧★ ✪★➅✦✦➅→➀ ❿→ ↔↕➙➛ ↔➜➝
➻ Ø☎✖✎Ù✙☎✞☎✟
✩→❼ ↔↔➝ ➒❺➅→➀✭✧ ➔★✧✩➣✧★ ❿✦✪➅❿→➓
③❱❯ ④⑤❤ ❱❲✵✷ ❛✡✟✓✢☎✘
➺ ★✧✭✩✮❺➞ ❽❼❼➅✪➅❿→✩✭ ❿✫✪✦✫✪ ★✧✭✩✮❺ ❻✩→
♦❥❴♣ ✸ ❳❯❱❚ P❯✶❲◆❳✴❯ ❵❖◗✴❚✴✼ ✛✂✓☛✝✄ ➻
➔✧ ❺✧✭✧❻✪✧❼ ✪❿ ❿✦✧★✩✪✧ ➂★❿➁ ✪❹✧
ÚÛÜÝ❉❄Þ❁❂❃❄❃❅ ➁✧→✫ ❿➂ ✧✩❻❹ ✧✭✧➁✧→✪➞
③❱❯ ④❸⑤ ❱❲✵✷ ✒✜☎✖✖
❴✵✴❚✴❲❙ ❱❩✴❯✶❙❘❱❲ t❘❙◗ ◆✴✵✴❖❙❘❱❲ ❱❳ ❦❬❫
✳✴✵✶✷ ❩❯❱❨❯✶❚❚✴✹ ❳❱❯ ❧♠✳ ❙❯❘❩❩❘❲❨ ✛✝✖✞☎ ❋●❍■❏❑▲❍
✛✂✓☛✝✄ ×✡✖✝☎
③❱❯ ④⑤❤❭ ④❶❷❭ ④⑤❷ ✶❲✹ ④④❷ ❱❲✵✷
❁❂❃❄❃❅ ❆❇❈❉❊
P✳✐❥ ✸ ❳❯❱❚ ❦❲✷ ❴✵✴❚✴❲❙ ◆✴❙ ❙❱P❯❘❩ ✽✾✿❀ ✰✬✱✲
✙ß➉

✂✑☎✁✞
➺
➻
➳ ↔➜➝ ✥→✭✮❀ ➼❹✧→ ➽❿→✪✩❻✪❿★ ➅❺ ❺✧✭✧❻✪✧❼ ✩❺ ✩
➵ ➾➚➅✪❻❹➅→➀ ✿✧➪➅❻✧➛ ✩✭✭ ✪❹✧ ➅→✦✫✪❺ ✩❺❺❿❻➅✩✪✧❼
✳❴❵❴P ✸❖❱❚❚✶❲✹✼ ➸
➚➅✪❹ ➽❿→✪✩❻✪❿★ ✩★✧ ✫❺✧❼ ➔✮ ✪❹✧ ✰★➅✦ ✽❿➀➅❻ ↔➝à↔à➜❽➜➞❻❼★

Figure 95: Relay 1 “TRIP” Selected for Breaker 1 logic diagram

8.3.1.3 RELAY SELECTED FOR BREAKER CLOSE

Output Relay 2 (F4) is labeled CLOSE/AUX on the wiring diagram. As suggested by that name, it can be used as a
Close relay or an Auxiliary relay. This selection is made at Setpoints > System > Breakers (Contactor) > Breakers 1
(Contactor 1) > Close Relay Select. If the selected value of the CLOSE RELAY SELECTsetting is Off, Output Relay
2 functions as an Auxiliary relay. If the selected value is Relay 2, Output Relay 2 functions as a Close relay. The
default value is Off. The description below applies to both Relay 2 “Close” functionality.
Path:Setpoints > Outputs > Output Relays > Aux Relay 2 (Close)

Note:
The output relays selected under the Breaker menu for breaker closing are excluded from the list of outputs for selection
under the menus of all elements providing such output relay selection.

Note:
For relays with a single breaker, if Aux Relay 2 is selected for Breaker Close, the relay name from the Output Relays menu
changes to “Close”. If Aux Relay 2 is not selected, the name reverts to “Aux Relay 2”.

859-1601-0911 239
Chapter 8 - Input and Output Setpoints

✠✆☎✡☛☎✆ ✁✂✄☎
☞✌✆✂✍ ✠✆☎✡☛☎✆ ✎☎✟☎✏✟✑✂✒✓

✔✟ ✁☎✡✄✟ ✂✒☎
✏✂✒✟✡✏✟ ✕✆✂✖✆✡✍✍☎✗
☞✌✆✂✍ ✠✆☎✡☛☎✆ ✎☎✟☎✏✟✑✂✒✓

❘❙✻✪ ✹✻✶✫✴ ✪✹✺✴✹✪ ✵✼ ✹❙✫ ✳✺❑❑✻✼P ✫❯P✫

✵✳ ✺ ❚▲❑✪✫❲ ✺✼❯ ✻✪✪▲✫✪ ✺ ❚✵✪✻✹✻❨✫
❚▲❑✪✫ ▲❚✵✼ ✹✻✶✫ ✫❩❚✻✴❬
✁✂✄☎ ✦✧☎✒ ✡✟ ✁☎✡✄✟ ❂❊❋●❍
❀❁❂❂❃❄❅ ✘✙ ✂✒☎ ✏✂✒✟✡✏✟ ✏✂✒★✖✞✆☎✗ ✛
✚ ✩ ✪✫✬ ✜
✠✢✣ ✿
❀❁❂st❃❄❂
❆❇ ❈ ❉
♥✐♦❣♦❇ ♣❥qr❤ ✘✙
✘✙ ✚
➟➠➡➢➠➤➥➦➧ ➤➨➡➩➫➭➯ ✚ ✹
❀❁❂❂❃❄❅ ■➝❴ ❛ ➞✺✼▲✺❑ ✭❑✵✪✫ ✉✈✇①②③✇ ③④✇
❴✫❑✺❬ ✲ ❴✫✺❯❬ ❵ ❛✽
✣❜✥❝✔❞✥ ⑤✇⑥✇⑦③✇⑧ ⑨⑩❶ ❷✇⑥②❸
❘❙✻✪ ✹✻✶✫✴ ✪✹✺✴✹✪ ✵✼ ✹❙✫ ✳✺❑❑✻✼P ✫❯P✫ ✷❚✵✼ ❯✴✵❚✵▲✹ ✵✳ ✹❙✫ ✬❑✵✪✫ ✪✻P✼✺❑ ✺✼❯ ✼✵ ✈①❹❺①②❻❻✇⑧ ❼❹①
❡❢ ❆❣❤✐❥❦❧♠ ❆❇ ❈ ❉ ✵✳ ✺ ❚▲❑✪✫❲ ✺✼❯ ✻✪✪▲✫✪ ✺ ❚✵✪✻✹✻❨✫ ❱✴✫✺❏✫✴ ✬❑✵✪✫ ✪✹✺✹▲✪ ❯✫✹✫✬✹✫❯❲ ✹❙✻✪ ✹✻✶✫✴
❚▲❑✪✫ ▲❚✵✼ ✹✻✶✫ ✫❩❚✻✴❬ ❳✻❑❑ ✪✹✺✴✹ ✵✼ ✹❙✫ ✴✺✻✪✻✼P ✫❯P✫ ✵✳ ✺ ❚▲❑✪✫ ✛ ❽❾❷ ❹① ❿❹➀③②⑦③❹① ⑦⑥❹⑤✇
✻✪✪▲✫❯ ✳✴✵✶ ✫✻✹❙✫✴ ✵✳ ✹❙✫ ✹❳✵ ✹✻✶✫✴✪❲ ✺✼❯ ✜
✩◗◗ ✶✪ ❳✻❑❑ ❚✴✵❯▲✬✫ ❚✵✪✻✹ ✻❨✫ ❚▲❑✪✫ ▲❚✵✼ ✹✻✶✫ ✘✙
■➝❴ ❛ ✮✵✬✺❑ ✭❑✵✪✫ ✫❩❚✻✴❬❭ ✚ ✘✙ ✢✣✤✥
✛ ✛ ❴✫❑✺❬ ✲❴✫✺❯❬ ❵ ❛✽ ✚
✜ ✜
■➝❴ ❛ ❴✫✶✵✹✫ ✭❑✵✪✫ ■❑✵✬❏ ✭❑✵✪✫
✲✳✴✵✶ ❘✴✺✼✪✳✫✴ ✪✬❙✫✶✫✽
✾✵✴ ❪❫➲ ✵✼❑❬
▼▲✹✵✴✫✪✹✺✴✹ ✭❑✵✪✫ ▼✹✹✫✶❚✹ ✢✣✤✥ ✾✵✴ ❪❫◗ ✵✼❑❬ ➅➆❁➇➆t❅❃➈
✛ ✛
✜ ✜ ts❁➉➊❄➋
✷✸❴ ✭❑✵✪✫ ✘✙ ❝☎✁✡➂
✔✞➁❴✫❑✺❬ ➃ ✣➄
✲ ❴✫✺❯❬ ❵ ❛✽
✛ ✚ ❴✱✰✱❘ ✲✬✵✶✶✺✼❯✽
✾✵✴ ❪❫◗ ✵✼❑❬ ✜ ➌✉➍➎➏ ❷✇⑥②❸ ➐
✁✂✄☎ ✦✑✟✧✂✞✟ ❀❁❂st❃❄❂ ❘✴✻❚ ❴✫❑✺❬ ✘✙
✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✳✴✵✶ ❘✴✺✼✪✳✫✴ ✰✬❙✫✶✫✽ ✏✂✒★✖✞✆☎✗ ✏✂✒✟✡✏✟ ➑❿⑥❹⑤✇➒ ➓⑤ ⑤✇③ ❼❹①
❞➳❜✥➵ ✚ ➔①✇②→✇① ⑦⑥❹⑤✇ ➔❸
✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✳✴✵✶ ✷✸ ✴✫✪✹✵✴✺✹✻✵✼✽ ♥✐♦❣♦❇ ⑧✇❼②⑩⑥③ ❼❹① ➣↔↕➙
✤☎✁✌➺❝☎✄☎✟ ②➀⑧ ➣➛➜ ①✇⑥②❸⑤
✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✳✴✵✶ ✷✾ ✴✫✪✹✵✴✺✹✻✵✼✽ ✢✡✟✏✧☎✗
❜✑✏☛✞✕ ✛
➻➼➽➾r❣➚♥✐♦❣♦❇ ✜
✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✳✴✵✶ ✷✸ ❴✫✺✬✹✻❨✫ ❖✵❳✫✴ ✴✫✪✹✵✴✺✹✻✵✼✽
✎✦☎✁✁
✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✳✴✵✶ ▼▲✹✵✴✫✬❑✵✪✫✽ ✘✙ ❜✞✁✄☎ ❀❁❂st❃❄❂
✘✙ ✚
✚ ❜✑✏☛✞✕ ➸✡✁✞☎
✁✂✄☎ ✆☎✝✞☎✄✟ ♥✐♦❣♦❇ ♣❥qr❤
❝➪➄
▼▲✹✵✴✫✬❑✵✪✫ ◆✼ ❖✴✵P✴✫✪✪ ➣➜➐➣➐➶⑨➛➹⑦⑧①
❞✑✍☎✆✄

■✴✫✺❏✫✴ ✾✺✻❑▲✴✫

Figure 96: Close” Selected for Breaker 1 logic diagram

8.3.2 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS

The relay is equipped with 96 virtual outputs that may be assigned for use via FlexLogic. Virtual outputs not
assigned for use are set to OFF (Logic 0).
A name can be assigned to each virtual output. Any change of state to a virtual output can be logged as an event if
programmed to do so. Virtual outputs are resolved in each protection pass via the evaluation of FlexLogic
equations.
For example, if Virtual Output 1 is the trip signal from FlexLogic and the trip relay is used to signal events, the
settings would be programmed as follows:
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 NAME: Trip
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 EVENTS: Enabled
Path: Setpoints > Outputs > Virtual Outputs > Virtual Outputs 1 (32)

NAME
Range: up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: VO 1
An alphanumeric name may be assigned to a virtual output for diagnostic, setting, and event recording
purposes.

Note:
Do not use special characters (e.g. <) as this could result in an error. Use only letters from the alphabet and numbers.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

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8.3.3 ANALOG OUTPUTS

Depending on the order code, the relay supports one optional DC analog card. The Analog card has 4 analog inputs
and 7 analog outputs.There are three Analog Output channel scenarios for analog minimum and maximum output
range shown in the figure below. Type A characteristics apply when the minimum range is 0 and the maximum
range is a positive (+ve) value. Type B characteristics apply when the minimum and maximum ranges are definitely
positive (+ve) values. Type C characteristics apply when the minimum range is a negative (-ve) and the maximum
range is a positive (+ve) value. The following diagram illustrates these characteristics.

Figure 97: Analog Outputs Channel Characteristics

Path: Setpoints > Outputs > Analog Outputs > Analog Output 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

RANGE
Range: 0 to 1 mA, 0 to 5 mA, 0 to 10 mA, 0 to 20 mA, or 4 to 20 mA
Default: 0 to 1 mA
This setting provides the selection for the analog output range.

PARAMETER
Range: Off, any Flex Analog Parameter
Default: Off
This setting selects the measured parameter to control the Analog Output level.

MIN VALUE
Range: Populates per selection of the analog parameter
Default: 0
This setting defines the minimum value of the analog output quantity. It populates based on the selection of the
analog parameter.

MAX VALUE
Range: Populates per selection of the analog parameter

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Chapter 8 - Input and Output Setpoints

Default: 0
This setting defines the maximum value of the analog output quantity. It populates based on the selection of the
analog parameter.
Each channel can be programmed to represent a FlexAnalog parameter available in the respective relay. The range
and steps is the same as the range of the FlexAnalog.

PF SCALING TYPE
Range: Flat, Step
Default: Flat
The measured Power Factor values can be transferred to any of the available analogue outputs. There are two
options for scaling power factor: Flat and Step.

Note:
This setting is only available when Analog Output is selected as Power Factor.

Figure 98: Flat Scaling

Flat scaling is a simple ascending linear function. It covers all selected ranges. The above figure shows the graph
for the 4 to 20 mA output range in Flat Scaling. It covers the entire selected power factor range from the minimum
(-0.99) to the maximum setting (+1.00).

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Figure 99: Step Scaling

Step scaling is a discontinuous descending linear function with one step-up point. The figure above shows the
related graph for the 4 to 20 mA output range in Step Scaling. It covers all the entire selected power factor range
from the minimum (-0.01) to the maximum setting (+0.00).

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 CHAPTER 9

PROTECTION
Chapter 9 - Protection

9.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 245
Protection 246

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Chapter 9 - Protection

9.2 PROTECTION
The protection elements are organized in six (6) identical setpoint groups: Setpoint Group 1 to Setpoint Group 6.

Setpoints
Device Group 1 Motor
System Group 2 2-speed Motor
Inputs Group 3 Current
Outputs Group 4 Voltage
Protection Group 5 Impedance
Monitoring Group 6 Power
Control Frequency
Flexlogic
Testing 894517B1
Figure 100: Protection Display Hierarchy

Each Setpoint Group has the same protection functions, depending on the relay order code.

9.2.1 MOTOR ELEMENTS OVERVIEW

The relay provides the following motor protection elements:
● Thermal Model
● Current Unbalance
● Mechanical Jam
● Undercurrent
● Loss of Excitation
● Overload Alarm
● Short Circuit
● Ground Fault
● Acceleration Time
● Underpower

9.2.1.1 THERMAL MODEL (49)

The Thermal model consists of five key elements:
● Thermal model curve (overload)
● Overload pickup level
● Unbalance biasing of the machine current while the machine is running
● Machine cooling time constants
● Biasing of the thermal model based on hot/cold information and/or measured stator temperature
The algorithm integrates both stator and rotor heating into a single model. The machine heating level is maintained
in the Thermal Capacity Used (TCU) register. If the machine has been stopped for a long time, it will be at ambient
temperature and the Thermal Capacity Used will be zero. If the machine is in overload, the output operand is set
once the thermal capacity used reaches 100%.
Once the machine load current exceeds the overload level (FLA x overload factor), it enters an overload phase; that
is, the heat accumulation becomes greater than the heat dissipation. The thermal model reacts by incrementing the

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Thermal Capacity Used at a rate dependent on the selected thermal curve and overload level. When the thermal
capacity reaches 100%, the Thermal TRIP OP operand (typically configured to trip the machine) is set.
Resetting of Thermal OP and output relays depends on the selection of Trip Function.
● When Trip Function is is set to Trip or Configurable, thermal model outputs (output relay(s) and operand
Thermal OP) reset automatically as soon as TCU level drops to 97%.
● When Trip Function is set as Latched Trip, Thermal Trip OP and output relays will remain asserted until
current drops below OL*FLA level and Reset command is initiated or Emergency Restart input is asserted.
In the event of a loss of control power to the relay while the machine status is not Stopped or Tripped, the thermal
capacity will remain unchanged when control power is restored.
If the machine status is stopped or tripped when the control power is lost, the thermal capacity will decay for the
duration of the loss of control power based on the stopped machine cooling rate (assuming the real time clock
(RTC) was working properly during the power loss). If the clock was not working properly, the TCU value will remain
unchanged when the relay power is restored.
The setpoints are defined in Setpoints > Protection > Group 1 > Motor/Generator > Thermal Model and are
described in the following sections.

9.2.1.1.1 TRIP FUNCTION

Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip (4.00 onwards), Configurable
Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Thermal Model trip functionality.

9.2.1.1.2 OVERLOAD CURVE

Range: Standard, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D, FlexCurve OL, IEC
Default: Standard
The thermal model curve determines the thermal limit overload conditions that can damage the machine. This curve
accounts for machine heating in both the stator and rotor during stall, acceleration, and running conditions. The
overload curve can take one of the six formats shown above. The selected curve (except IEC) can also serve as a
base for a voltage dependent overload curve if the VOLTAGE DEPENDENT FUNCTION setting is enabled. The
algorithm uses memory in the form of a register called Thermal Capacity Used. This register is updated every
power cycle using the following equation:
☎✌☎✟✆✍
✁✄☎✆✝ ✞✟✠ ✂ ✁✄☎✆✝ ✞✟✡☛✠ ☞ ✓ ✔✕✕✖
✎ ✟✏✑✒
Where:
● ttrip represents the time coordinate on the time-current overload curve, corresponding to the equivalent
machine current detected within any power cycle period of machine overload. In text, it is also specified as
time to trip.
● Tsystem represents the period in seconds corresponding to the nominal power system frequency.
Always set the overload curve slightly lower than the thermal limits provided by the machine manufacturer. This
ensures that the machine is tripped before the thermal limit is reached.
The Standard curve is based on typical machine thermal limit curves and is normally used for standard machine
applications (see the following Standard Curves figure and Standard TD Multipliers table). The pickup level for the
standard curve is calculated as the motor/generator overload factor setting (OL) multiplied by the the motor/
generator full load amps setting (FLA).
The motor full Load Amps (FLA) setting can be found in the menu Setpoints > System > Motor
The generator Full Load Amps (FLA) is calculated as follows:

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Chapter 9 - Protection

FLA = (Rated MVA)/(Ö3´Rated Voltage)

Pickup Level vs. Standard Curve TD Multipliers

STANDARD CURVE TD MULTIPLIERS
Pickup x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 x 10 x 11 x 12 x 13 x 14 x 15
Level
1.01 4353.6 8707.2 13061 17414 21768 26122 30475 34829 39183 43536 47890 52243 56597 60951 65304
1.05 853.7 1707.4 2561.1 3414.9 4268.6 5122.3 5976.0 6829.7 7683.4 8537.1 9390.8 10245 11098 11952 12806
1.10 416.68 833.36 1250.0 1666.7 2083.4 2500.1 2916.8 3333.5 3750.1 4166.8 4583.5 5000.2 5416.9 5833.6 6250.2
1.20 198.86 397.72 596.58 795.44 994.30 1193.2 1392.0 1590.9 1789.7 1988.6 2187.5 2386.3 2585.2 2784.1 2982.9
1.30 126.80 253.61 380.41 507.22 634.02 760.82 887.63 1014.4 1141.2 1268.0 1394.8 1521.6 1648.5 1775.3 1902.1
1.40 91.14 182.27 273.41 364.55 455.68 546.82 637.96 729.09 820.23 911.37 1002.5 1093.6 1184.8 1275.9 1367.0
1.50 69.99 139.98 209.97 279.96 349.95 419.94 489.93 559.92 629.91 699.90 769.89 839.88 909.87 979.86 1049.9
1.75 42.42 84.83 127.24 169.66 212.07 254.49 296.90 339.32 381.73 424.15 466.56 508.98 551.39 593.81 636.22
2.00 29.16 58.32 87.47 116.63 145.79 174.95 204.11 233.26 262.42 291.58 320.74 349.90 379.05 408.21 437.37
2.25 21.53 43.06 64.59 86.12 107.65 129.18 150.72 172.25 193.78 215.31 236.84 258.37 279.90 301.43 322.96
2.50 16.66 33.32 49.98 66.64 83.30 99.96 116.62 133.28 149.94 166.60 183.26 199.92 216.58 233.24 249.90
2.75 13.33 26.66 39.98 53.31 66.64 79.96 93.29 106.62 119.95 133.27 146.60 159.93 173.25 186.58 199.91
3.00 10.93 21.86 32.80 43.73 54.66 65.59 76.53 87.46 98.39 109.32 120.25 131.19 142.12 153.05 163.98
3.25 9.15 18.29 27.44 36.58 45.73 54.87 64.02 73.16 82.31 91.46 100.60 109.75 118.89 128.04 137.18
3.50 7.77 15.55 23.32 31.09 38.87 46.64 54.41 62.19 69.96 77.73 85.51 93.28 101.05 108.83 116.60
3.75 6.69 13.39 20.08 26.78 33.47 40.17 46.86 53.56 60.25 66.95 73.64 80.34 87.03 93.73 100.42
4.00 5.83 11.66 17.49 23.32 29.15 34.98 40.81 46.64 52.47 58.30 64.13 69.96 75.79 81.62 87.45
4.25 5.13 10.25 15.38 20.50 25.63 30.75 35.88 41.00 46.13 51.25 56.38 61.50 66.63 71.75 76.88
4.50 4.54 9.09 13.63 18.17 22.71 27.26 31.80 36.34 40.88 45.43 49.97 54.51 59.05 63.60 68.14
4.75 4.06 8.11 12.17 16.22 20.28 24.33 28.39 32.44 36.50 40.55 44.61 48.66 52.72 56.77 60.83
5.00 3.64 7.29 10.93 14.57 18.22 21.86 25.50 29.15 32.79 36.43 40.08 43.72 47.36 51.01 54.65
5.50 2.99 5.98 8.97 11.96 14.95 17.94 20.93 23.91 26.90 29.89 32.88 35.87 38.86 41.85 44.84
6.00 2.50 5.00 7.49 9.99 12.49 14.99 17.49 19.99 22.48 24.98 27.48 29.98 32.48 34.97 37.47
6.50 2.12 4.24 6.36 8.48 10.60 12.72 14.84 16.96 19.08 21.20 23.32 25.44 27.56 29.67 31.79
7.00 1.82 3.64 5.46 7.29 9.11 10.93 12.75 14.57 16.39 18.22 20.04 21.86 23.68 25.50 27.32
7.50 1.58 3.16 4.75 6.33 7.91 9.49 11.08 12.66 14.24 15.82 17.41 18.99 20.57 22.15 23.74
8.00 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.10 12.49 13.88 15.27 16.65 18.04 19.43 20.82
10.00 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.10 12.49 13.88 15.27 16.65 18.04 19.43 20.82
15.00 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.10 12.49 13.88 15.27 16.65 18.04 19.43 20.82
20.00 1.39 2.78 4.16 5.55 6.94 8.33 9.71 11.10 12.49 13.88 15.27 16.65 18.04 19.43 20.82

STANDARD CURVE TD MULTIPLIERS continued

Pickup Level x 16 x 17 x 18 x 19 x 20 x 21 x 22 x 23 x 24 x 25
1.01 69658 74011 78365 82719 87072 91426 95779 100133 104487 108840
1.05 13659 14513 15367 16221 17074 17928 18782 19635 20489 21343
1.10 6666.92 7083.60 7500.28 7916.96 8333.64 8750.33 9167.01 9583.69 10000 10417
1.20 3181.78 3380.64 3579.50 3778.36 3977.22 4176.08 4374.94 4573.80 4772.66 4971.52

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Chapter 9 - Protection

STANDARD CURVE TD MULTIPLIERS continued

Pickup Level x 16 x 17 x 18 x 19 x 20 x 21 x 22 x 23 x 24 x 25
1.30 2028.86 2155.67 2282.47 2409.28 2536.08 2662.88 2789.69 2916.49 3043.30 3170.10
1.40 1458.18 1549.32 1640.46 1731.59 1822.73 1913.87 2005.00 2096.14 2187.28 2278.41
1.50 1119.84 1189.83 1259.82 1329.81 1399.80 1469.79 1539.78 1609.77 1679.76 1749.75
1.75 678.63 721.05 763.46 805.88 848.29 890.71 933.12 975.54 1017.95 1060.37
2.00 466.53 495.69 524.84 554.00 583.16 612.32 641.48 670.63 699.79 728.95
2.25 344.49 366.02 387.55 409.08 430.62 452.15 473.68 495.21 516.74 538.27
2.50 266.56 283.22 299.88 316.54 333.20 349.86 366.52 383.18 399.84 416.50
2.75 213.24 226.56 239.89 253.22 266.55 279.87 293.20 306.53 319.86 333.18
3.00 174.91 185.85 196.78 207.71 218.64 229.57 240.51 251.44 262.37 273.30
3.25 146.33 155.47 164.62 173.76 182.91 192.06 201.20 210.35 219.49 228.64
3.50 124.38 132.15 139.92 147.70 155.47 163.24 171.02 178.79 186.56 194.34
3.75 107.11 113.81 120.50 127.20 133.89 140.59 147.28 153.98 160.67 167.37
4.00 93.28 99.11 104.94 110.77 116.60 122.43 128.26 134.08 139.91 145.74
4.25 82.00 87.12 92.25 97.37 102.50 107.62 112.75 117.87 123.00 128.12
4.50 72.68 77.22 81.76 86.31 90.85 95.39 99.93 104.48 109.02 113.56
4.75 64.88 68.94 72.99 77.05 81.11 85.16 89.22 93.27 97.33 101.38
5.00 58.29 61.94 65.58 69.22 72.87 76.51 80.15 83.80 87.44 91.08
5.50 47.83 50.82 53.81 56.80 59.79 62.78 65.76 68.75 71.74 74.73
6.00 39.97 42.47 44.97 47.46 49.96 52.46 54.96 57.46 59.96 62.45
6.50 33.91 36.03 38.15 40.27 42.39 44.51 46.63 48.75 50.87 52.99
7.00 29.14 30.97 32.79 34.61 36.43 38.25 40.07 41.89 43.72 45.54
7.50 25.32 26.90 28.48 30.07 31.65 33.23 34.81 36.40 37.98 39.56
8.00 22.20 23.59 24.98 26.37 27.76 29.14 30.53 31.92 33.31 34.69
10.00 22.20 23.59 24.98 26.37 27.76 29.14 30.53 31.92 33.31 34.69
15.00 22.20 23.59 24.98 26.37 27.76 29.14 30.53 31.92 33.31 34.69
20.00 22.20 23.59 24.98 26.37 27.76 29.14 30.53 31.92 33.31 34.69

Note:
If you have upgraded from a SR269 or SR269 Plus, be aware that many of the Trip time values for the SR269/269 Plus are
different from those of the 8 series motor products. This is significantly so for multiples of 5 or more, where the trip times for
the 8 series product are significantly shorter.

The Overload Curve is then calculated using the following equation:

ttrip = (TDM´2.2116623) / {0.02530337[(Imachine/FLA)-1)]2 + 0.05054758[(Imachine/FLA)-1)]}

9.2.1.1.3 CURVE K FACTOR

Range: 1.00 to 1.50 in steps of 0.05
Default: 1.10
The setting applies only to the IEC curve and is applied as described below. Refer to the IEC 255-8 standard for
additional details on its application.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

If IEC is selected as the Overload Curve, the relay can apply the IEC 255-8 hot and cold curve characteristics
to the thermal model. Appropriate selection of Hot/Cold curve characteristic is based on the machine status and
Thermal Capacity (TC) Used as per the following table.
The IEC255-8 cold curve trip time is defined as follows:
☞
✟✡☛✁☛✂

✆ ✝ ✞ ✟✠ ☞ ☞
✁✂✄☎
✟✡☛✁☛✂ ✌ ✍✎ ✞ ✏✑✒✓

The IEC255-8 hot curve trip time is defined as follows:

✑ ✑
✟✒✓✁✓✂ ✡ ✟☎

✆ ✝ ✞ ✟✠ ✑ ✑
✁✂✄☎
✟✒✓✁✓✂ ✡ ☛☞ ✞ ✌✍✎✏

where:
ttrip○= time to trip
τ = ○IEC time constant defined by IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 1 and IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 2
settings.
Imotor
○ = Ieq measured motor load current as defined in equation 13
Ip =○Motor load current before overload occurs
k = ○k-factor (overload factor) defined by IEC CURVE k FACTOR setting applied to FLA
FLA○ = Motor rated current specified by the MOTOR FULL LOAD AMPS setting, can be found in the
Setpoints > System > Motor menu

The square of the motor load current, Ip2 in the equation above, represents the thermal capacity of the motor
before overload occurs, as determined by the equation shown in the description below for the COOL TIME
CONSTANT RUNNING setting. Therefore, the trip time obtained from the IEC hot curve takes into account a
percent of the thermal capacity that has already been used. The motor thermal model automatically determines
the hot and cold states of the motor based on the motor state prior to overload and thermal capacity used (TCU)
as per the following table.
Prior to overload condition Upon overload Selection of IEC curve
condition Characteristic by 869
Motor Status TC Used Motor Status
Stopped Less than 5% Starting Cold
Stopped Greater than or equal to 5% Starting Hot
Running Less than 5% Overload Hot
Running Greater than or equal to 5% Overload Hot

9.2.1.1.4 IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT

Range: 0 to 1000 min in steps of 1
Default: 45 min
The thermal model specifies two IEC thermal time constants defined by setpoints IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 1
and IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 2. These settings specify thermal time constants for IEC motor curves in the
preceding equations as per the IEC 255-8 standard.
While starting (Ieq > 2 x k x FLA), a machine is rotor-limited, and subjected to extensive heating. The thermal model
requires a separate heating constant specified by IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 2 in order to properly reflect the

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Chapter 9 - Protection

rotor heating. However, during running overload (k x FLA < Ieq ≤ 2 x k x FLA) the motor is stator-limited, and the
thermal model uses the stator heating time constant specified by IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 1.
Thermal model automatically selects the IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 1 or IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 2
based on the load current as per the following table.

Selection of IEC Curve Time Constant 1 or 2

IEC Time Constant Selection Criteria
IEC Curve Time Constant 1 (k x FLA) < Ieq ≤ (2 x k x FLA)
IEC Curve Time Constant 2 Ieq> (2 x k x FLA)

When the IEC curves are selected, the relay calculates the time to trip using the IEC255-8 cold curve and IEC255-8
hot curve equations and increases Thermal Capacity Used as defined by the Thermal Capacity Used equation
above. If the overload disappears or the machine is tripped (stopped), then the Thermal Capacity Used decreases
as per the equation in the COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING setting description, to simulate cooling, depending
on the status and the values programmed for the COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING and COOL TIME
CONSTANT STOPPED settings. If the IEC curve is selected, then the following applies:
The relay calculates the time to trip using the IEC255-8 cold curve and IEC255-8 hot curve equations and increases
Thermal Capacity Used as defined by the Thermal Capacity Used equation above. If the overload disappears or the
motor is tripped (stopped), then the Thermal Capacity Used decreases as per the equation in the COOL TIME
CONSTANT RUNNING setting description, to simulate motor cooling, depending on the motor status and the
values programmed for the COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING and COOL TIME CONSTANT STOPPED settings.
If the IEC curve is selected, then the following applies:
● For two-speed motor applications, the IEC CURVE k FACTOR and IEC CURVE TIME CONSTANT 1(2)
settings are used at both speeds.
● Voltage dependent overload curves are not applicable.
● The motor status is evaluated using motor FLA and the IEC CURVE k FACTOR setting.

9.2.1.1.5 TD MULTIPLIER
Range: 1.00 to 25.00 in steps of 0.01 (thermal model curve is Motor)
Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01 (thermal model curve is FlexCurve A/B/C/D/OL)
Default: 1.00
The multiplier is used to shift the overload curve on the time axis to create a family of the different curves. The TD
MULTIPLIER value is used to select the curve that best matches the thermal characteristics of the protected
machine.

Note:
If thermal model curve is selected as Standard, then the TD MULTIPLIER (TDM) can be specified between 1.00” and
25.00 as indicated in the Standard Curves diagram below.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 101: Standard Motor Curves

Note:
During the interval of discontinuity, the longer of the two trip times is used to reduce the chance of nuisance tripping during
machine starts.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

9.2.1.1.6 UNBALANCE BIAS K FACTOR

Range: 0 to 19 in steps of 1
Default: 0
Unbalanced phase currents cause rotor heating that is not shown in the thermal damage curve. When the machine
is running, the rotor rotates in the direction of the positive sequence current at near synchronous speed. Negative
sequence current, which has a phase rotation that is opposite to the positive sequence current, and hence opposite
to the direction of rotor rotation, generates a rotor voltage that produces a substantial current in the rotor. This
current has a frequency that is approximately twice the line frequency: 100 Hz for a 50 Hz system or 120 Hz for a
60 Hz system. Skin effect in the rotor bars at this frequency causes a significant increase in rotor resistance and
therefore, a significant increase in rotor heating. This extra heating is not accounted for in the thermal limit curves
supplied by the machine manufacturer as these curves assume positive sequence currents from a perfectly
balanced supply voltage and machine design.
The thermal model may be biased to reflect the additional heating that is caused by negative sequence current
when the machine is running. This biasing is done by creating an equivalent machine heating current rather than
simply using the average current. This equivalent current is calculated using the equation shown below.

✟
✟ ☞✌
✁✂ ✄ ✆✝✞ ✠✡☛ ☞✠
☎

where:
● Ieq = thermal model biased machine load current
● Iavg = average of the three RMS currents
● I_1 = positive sequence current
● I_2 = negative sequence current
● K = constant
The machine derating as a function of voltage unbalance as recommended by NEMA (National Electrical
Manufacturers Association) is shown below. Assuming a typical induction machine with an inrush of 6 x FLA and a
negative sequence impedance of 0.167, voltage unbalances of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% equals current unbalances of 6,
12, 18, 24, and 30% respectively. Based on this assumption, the amount of machine derating for different values of
K entered for setting UNBALANCE BIAS K FACTOR is also shown in the following figure.

Note:
The curve created when K = 8 is almost identical to the NEMA derating curve.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 102: Medium Machine Derating Factor Due to Unbalanced Voltage

If a value of K = 0 is entered, unbalance biasing is defeated and the overload curve times out against the measured
per unit machine positive sequence current. The following equations can be used to calculate k.
The K factor is the ratio of rotor negative- to positive-sequence resistance. K is required to reflect the increased
negative sequence rotor resistance due to the skin effect under unbalanced conditions. In case, rotor negative
sequence resistance and positive sequence resistance are not available, the following equations can be used to
calculate K factor. These equations are derived based on the empirical data – and it gives the best estimate of the K
factor. In case rotor negative and positive sequence resistances are known then K factor can be calculated as K =
R-/R
✗✘✙
✁ ✂✄☎
✆ ✠✡☛☞✌✍✎✏ ✑✒✡✌✓✎✡✑✔✕ ✖ ✝ ✆ ✠✍✚✛✒✑✜✢✎✡✌✢✑ ✑✒✡✌✓✎✡✑✔
✝✞✟ ✞✟
where ILR is the per unit locked rotor current.

9.2.1.1.7 COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING

Range: 1 to 1000 minutes in steps of 1 minute
Default: 15 minutes
The thermal capacity used value is reduced in an exponential manner when the machine current is below the full
load amps times overload factor (OL x FLA) settings to simulate machine cooling. The motor COOL TIME
CONSTANT RUNNING should be entered for running case. Machine cooling is calculated as follows:

✁✂ ✄ ☎ ✁✂✆✝✞✟✝ ✠ ✁✂✡☛☞ ✌ ☎✍ ✎✝ ✏ ✑ ✒✓✓✔ ✌✕ ✁✂✡☛☞

✞ ✄✟ ✏✑✒
✁✂✄☎✆ ✝ ✍ ✎ ✓✑✔✕ ☛ ✍✖✖✗
✠✡ ☛ ☞✡✌

where:
● TCU = thermal capacity used.
● TCUstart = TCU value caused by overload condition.
● TCUend= TCU value dictated by the hot/cold curve ratio when the machine is running. This value is 0 when
the machine is stopped).
● t = time in minutes.
● τcool= COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

● Ieq = Equivalent machine heating current (also defined as Thermal Model Biased Machine Load Current).
● OL = Overload factor
● FLA = machine rated current
● hot / cold = hot/cold curve ratio
For the case when the motor is running cyclic or reciprocating load of small load cycle, it is recommended to
calculate the value of COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING using the below equation.
t = (87.4 ´ TDM) / 60 (min)
where TDM is the TD Multiplier.
However, COOL TIME CONSTANT RUNNING can be only selected using the above equation when OVERLOAD
CURVE is set to Standard.

9.2.1.1.8 COOL TIME CONSTANT STOPPED

Range: 1 to 1000 minutes in steps of 1 minute
Default: 30 minutes
The Thermal Capacity Used value is reduced in an exponential manner when the machine current is stopped after
running rated load or tripped due to overload. The machine COOL TIME CONSTANT STOPPED must be entered
for the stopped cases. A stopped machine normally cools significantly slower than a running machine.
For the machine stopped case, cooling is also calculated using the same equation above, however; the value of the
cool time constant (τ) is now COOL TIME CONSTANT STOPPED and TCUend is now 0.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 103: Thermal Model Cooling

9.2.1.1.9 HOT/COLD SAFE STALL RATIO

Range: 0.01 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1
The machine manufacturer sometimes provide thermal limit information for a hot/cold machine. The algorithm uses
this data if this setting is programmed. The value entered for the setting dictates the level at which Thermal
Capacity Used settles for current that is below the overload factor (OL) times FLA. When the machine is running at
a level that is below this limit Thermal Capacity Used rises or falls to a value based on Ieq (thermal model biased
load current).

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Chapter 9 - Protection

☞ ✄✌
✁✂✄☎✆ ✝ ✔✕ ✒✎✓ ✠ ✔✖✖✗
✞✟ ✠ ✡✟☛ ✍✎✏✑
where:
● TCUend = Thermal Capacity Used, if Ieq remains steady state.
● Ieq = equivalent motor heating current (also defined as Thermal Model Biased Motor Load Current)
● OL = Overload factor.
● FLA = Machine rated current.
● hot/cold = HOT/COLD SAFE STALL RATIO setting.

9.2.1.1.10 RTD BIAS SETINGS

RTD BIAS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When enabled, this feature acts as an additional check of the overheating through the current based thermal
model. The current based thermal model estimates machine heating from the thermal overload curves and
cooling time constants. The thermal overload curves are based solely on measured current, assuming a normal
40°C ambient temperature and normal machine cooling. This feature provides additional protection in cases
where there is an unusually high ambient temperature, or machine cooling is malfunctioning, or machine
temperature increases due to other unexpected factors, or the overload curve was selected incorrectly.
Therefore, if the stator has embedded RTDs, the RTD Bias feature is used to augment the thermal model
calculation of Thermal Capacity Used. This feature uses the hottest stator RTD temperature value to estimate
the RTD Thermal Capacity Used and compare this value to the Thermal Capacity Used calculated by the
current based thermal model (overload curve and cool times). The larger of the two values is used from that
point onward. Since RTDs have a relatively slow response, RTD biasing is useful for slow machine heating.
Other portions of the thermal model are required during starting and heavy overload conditions when machine
heating is relatively fast
The RTD Bias feature is active only if the optional RTD Input module has been installed.
Each stator RTD must be first configured as STATOR application under Setpoints > Monitoring > RTD
Temperature > RTD 1(X). RTDs configured as Stator type are used by the thermal model for determining the
RTD Bias.
The RTD bias feature alone cannot generate a trip. Even if the RTD bias feature forces the RTD bias thermal
capacity used to 100%, the load current must be above the overload pickup (OL x FLA) setting to set the output.

RTD BIAS MINIMUM

Range: 0 to 250°C in steps of 1
Default: 40°C

RTD BIAS CENTER

Range: 0 to 250°C in steps of 1
Default: 130°C

RTD BIAS MAXIMUM

Range: 0 to 250°C in steps of 1
Default: 155°C

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Chapter 9 - Protection

The RTD bias feature is a two-part curve (RTD Bias Thermal Capacity Used) constructed from three points:
minimum, center and maximum. If the maximum stator RTD temperature is below the RTD BIAS MINIMUM
setting (typically 40°C), no biasing occurs. If the maximum stator RTD temperature is above the RTD BIAS
MAXIMUM setting (typically at the stator insulation rating or slightly higher), then the thermal memory is fully
biased and RTD bias thermal capacity used is forced to 100%. At values in between, the present RTD bias
thermal capacity used created by other features of the thermal model is compared to the RTD bias thermal
capacity used. If the value of the RTD bias thermal capacity used is higher, then this value is used from that
point onward. The RTD BIAS CENTER setting must be set to the rated running temperature of the motor. The
relay automatically determines the RTD bias thermal capacity used value for the center point using the HOT/
COLD SAFE STALL RATIO setting.

✓✏☎
✁✂ ✄☎ ✆ ✝✞✟✠✄✡✞✁☛☞☎☛✌ ✍ ✔✕ ✖ ✔✗✗✘
✎✏✑✒
At < RTD_Bias_Center temperature
✁☞✎✏✒✓✔✕✒✖ ✗ ✁☞✎✏✘✙✚
✝✁✞✟✠✡☎☛✟✁✂✄ ✑ ✁✂✄ ☎✆ ✝✁✞✟✠✡☎☛✟✂☞✌✆☞✍
✁☞✎✏✓✛✚✔✛✜ ✗ ✁☞✎✏✘✙✚

At > RTD_Bias_Center temperature,

✆✏✕✖✘✙✚✛✘✜ ☎ ✆✏✕✖✙✢✣✚✢✤
✡✆☛☞✌✍✟✎☞✆✝✞ ✗ ✁✂✄✄ ☎ ✆✝✞ ✟✠ ✡✆☛☞✌✍✟✎☞✝✏✑✠✏✒✓ ✔ ✆✝✞ ✟✠ ✡✆☛☞✌✍✟✎☞✝✏✑✠✏✒
✆✏✕✖✥✘✦ ☎ ✆✏✕✖✙✢✣✚✢✤

where:
RTD_Bias_TCU
○ = thermal capacity used due to hottest stator RTD
Temp
○ actual = current temperature of the hottest stator RTD
Temp
○ min = RTD BIAS MINIMUM setting
Temp
○ center = RTD BIAS CENTER setting
Temp
○ max = RTD BIAS MAXIMUM setting
TCU
○ at RTD_Bias_Center = thermal capacity used defined by the HOT/COLD SAFE STALL RATIO setting

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 104: RTD Bias Curve

RTD BIAS PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0 s to 600 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 2 s
This setting specifies the amount of time the RTD bias thermal capacity used must remain at 100% or above to
generate a trip.

RTD BIAS VOTING

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
The RTD biasing feature selects the maximum stator RTD temperature to calculate the RTD Thermal Capacity
Used. However, in the event of the malfunction of the maximum temperature RTD, the RTD Bias Voting function
assures extra security. This function requires another stator RTD to be voted with the maximum temperature
RTD.
Maximum stator RTD temperature will be used by the RTD Biasing feature only if both maximum stator RTD
temperature and voting RTD temperature, which is the second maximum temperature, lie within the range

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Chapter 9 - Protection

defined by the setpoint RTD BIAS VOTING BAND. If the maximum stator RTD temperature and voting RTD
temperature don’t lie within the settable range than next maximum stator RTD temperature will require voting by
the next voting RTD. If voting fails, RTD Bias feature will block automatically.

Note:
At least two RTDs have to be configured as Stator type (under Setpoints > Monitoring > RTD Temperature) for this feature
to become active.

RTD BIAS VOTING BAND

Range: 0 to 50°C in steps of 1°C
Default: 10°C
This value specifies the temperature difference range between the maximum stator RTD temperature and
another voting stator RTD temperature.
Examples:
Assuming RTD BIAS VOTING is Enabled and RTD BIAS VOTING BAND is programmed as 10°C and three
RTDs are programmed as Stator type under Setpoints > Monitoring > RTD Temperature.
Example 1: Actual temperature values of RTD1, RTD2 and RTD3 are 100°C, 95°C and 80°C, respectively.
The Voting feature selects RTD1 (100°C) as the maximum temperature RTD among the three RTDs and RTD2
(95°C) as the voting RTD. Because, temperature difference between RTD1 and RTD2 is less than the RTD
BIAS VOTING BAND of 10°C, RTD1 temperature will be selected as the maximum stator RTD temperature.
Example 2: Actual temperature values of RTD1, RTD2 and RTD3 are 100°C, 85°C and 80°C, respectively.
RTD1 (100°C) is selected as the maximum temperature RTD among the three RTDs and RTD2 (85°C) as the
voting RTD. Since the temperature difference between RTD1 and RTD2 is greater than the RTD BIAS VOTING
BAND of 10°C, RTD1 temperature will not be selected as the maximum stator RTD temperature and RTD1 is
declared as a malfunctioning RTD internally.
The Voting feature will then select RTD2 (85°C) as the maximum temperature RTD from the remaining two
RTDs, and RTD3 (80°C) as the voting RTD. The RTD2 temperature (85°C) is chosen as input to the RTD Bias
feature because the temperature difference between RTD2 and RTD3 is less than the RTD BIAS VOTING
BAND of 10°C.

9.2.1.1.11 SPEED BIAS SETINGS

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

Note:
This feature is only applicable to a brush-type synchronous motor with Phase Currents Slot - K order code options C5/D5 for
the K2-slot card.

The brush-type synchronous motor runs in induction mode from the motor starting to the synchronized state. In the
starting state, the motor is rotor-limited and the rotor is subjected to extensive heating. SPEED BIAS, when
Enabled, acts as an additional check of the amortisseur, or squirrel cage winding rotor heating. This feature takes
the estimated speed-dependent thermal capacity used (actual value) and compares this value to the Thermal

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Capacity Used calculated by the current-based method and RTD Bias method (when enabled). The largest of these
three values is used from that point onward.
● The Speed Bias feature is only applicable to brush-type synchronous motor and requires that the SC Speed-
Dependent Thermal Protection function be enabled.
● Speed-biasing is not applicable to brushless synchronous motors and induction motors. The Speed Bias
feature alone cannot generate a trip.
● Even if the SM SC Spd-Dep TC Used reaches 100%, the load current must be above the overload pickup
(OL x FLA) setting to set the output.
● Speed Bias is only applicable when a brush-type synchronous motor is in induction mode (no DC field
applied) with the motor in the Starting, Running or SM Resync state.

9.2.1.1.12 VOLTAGE DEPENDENT SETTINGS

VOLT. DEPENDENT (VD) FUNCTION

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
This setting enables or disabled the voltage dependent feature and modifies the locked rotor portion of the
programmed relay overload curve with respect to the acceleration thermal limits
If the motor is called upon to drive a high inertia load, it is quite possible and acceptable for the acceleration time
to exceed the safe stall time (keeping in mind that a locked rotor condition is different than an acceleration
condition). The voltage dependent overload curve feature is tailored to protect these types of motors. This curve
is composed of the three characteristics of thermal limit curve shapes as determined by the stall or locked rotor
condition, acceleration, and running overload. The following figure presents the typical thermal limit curve for
high inertia application.
In this instance, each distinct portion of the thermal limit curve must be known and protection coordinated
against that curve. The relay protecting the motor must be able to distinguish between a locked rotor condition
(curve 4) and an accelerating condition for different levels of the system voltage (curves 2 and 3). Voltage is
continually monitored during motor starting and the acceleration thermal limit portion of the relay overload curve
is dynamically adjusted based on motor voltage variations.
The acceleration thermal limit is a function of motor speed during the start. The dynamically shifted voltage
dependent overload curve inherently accounts for the change in motor speed as a function of motor impedance.
The change in impedance is reflected by motor terminal voltage and line current. This method aids to set
dynamically the appropriate value of the thermal limit time for any given line current at any given terminal
voltage.
The VOLT. DEPENDENT (VD) FUNCTION setpoint enables the voltage dependent feature and modifies the
locked rotor portion of the programmed relay overload curve with respect to the acceleration thermal limits.
These thermal limits are typically available from the machine specifications provided by motor manufacturer.

Note:
Variable frequency drives (VFD) generates significant distortion in voltage input, therefore, Voltage Dependent Function is
blocked when operand VFD Not Bypassed is asserted. VFD Not Bypassed is asserted when VFD FUNCTION is Enabled
and operand Bypass Switch is not asserted.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 105: Thermal Limits for High Inertial Load

VD MIN VOLTS
Range: 60 to 99% in steps of 1
Default: 80%
The setting defines the minimum allowable line voltage applied to the motor during the acceleration if VOLTAGE
DEPENDENT FUNCTION is Enabled. This voltage is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage setting.
If the measured line voltage drops below this setting during acceleration, the thermal curve is switched to one
based on the programmed minimum voltage thermal limit:
✟
✝✞ ✠ ✁ ✞
✁✂✄☎✆
✝✟

VD VOLTAGE LOSS
Range: Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting is used to address situations when the voltage input into thermal model has been lost. In this case,
the voltage dependent algorithm readjusts the voltage dependent curve to avoid an inadequate thermal
protection response. The VT fuse failure function is typically used to detect a voltage loss condition. If a voltage
loss has been detected while the motor accelerates, the thermal curve is switched to one based on the
programmed 100% voltage thermal limit:

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Chapter 9 - Protection

✟
✝✞ ✠ ✁ ✞
✁✂✄☎✆
✝✟

VD STALL CURRENT @ MIN V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 4.50 x FLA
The setting defines the locked rotor current level at minimum machine voltage (I1).

VD STALL TIME @ MIN V

Range: 0.1 to 1000.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 20.0 seconds
The setting defines the maximum time that the motor is allowed to withstand the locked rotor current at minimum
machine voltage (t1).

VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ MIN V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 4.00 x FLA
The setting defines the starting current level corresponding to the crossing point between the acceleration
thermal limit at minimum voltage and the programmed relay overload curve (I2). This value can be typically
determined from machine acceleration curves. The value at the breakdown torque for the minimum voltage start
is recommended for this setting.

VD STALL CURRENT @ 100% V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 6.00 x FLA
The setting defines the locked rotor current level at the rated motor voltage (I3).

VD STALL TIME @ 100% V

Range: 0.1 to 1000.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 10.0 seconds
The setting defines the maximum time the motor is allowed to withstand the locked rotor current at rated motor
voltage (t3).

VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ 100% V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 5.00 x FLA
The setting defines the starting current level corresponding to the crossing point between the acceleration
thermal limit at rated voltage and the programmed relay overload curve (I4). The value can be typically
determined from the motor acceleration curves. The current value at the breakdown torque for the 100% voltage
start is recommended for this setting. The voltage dependent overload curves are shown in the following figure.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 106: Voltage Dependent Overload Curves

9.2.1.1.13 ALARM AND TRIP SETTINGS

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latch Alarm

859-1601-0911 264
Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Thermal Model alarm functionality.

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 1.00 to 100.00% in steps of 1.00
Default: 75.00%
The setting specifies a pickup threshold of the Thermal Capacity Used (TCU) for the alarm function.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate.

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

9.2.1.1.14 BLOCK, EVENTS AND TARGETS SETTINGS

BLOCK (THERMAL MODEL BLOCK)

Range: Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The thermal model can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand. While the blocking signal is applied, the
element remains running and updates the thermal memory, but the states of the Thermal Trip OP and Thermal
Alarm OP operands will reset. When the element blocking signal is removed, the element logic is based on the
new value of the thermal capacity and updates the status of the Thermal Trip OP and Thermal Alarm OP
operands.
The following procedure, along with the previous figure, illustrates the construction of the voltage overload
curves.
1. Draw a curve for the running overload thermal limit. The curve is one that has been selected in the relay as
an Overload Curve.
2. Determine the point of intersection between the Overload Curve and the vertical line corresponding to the
per-unit current value of VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ MIN V (see point 2).
3. Determine the locked rotor thermal limit point for the minimum voltage machine start. The coordinates of this
point are the per-unit current value of VD Stall Current @ Min Volts and the time value of VD Safe Stall Time
@ Min V (see point 1).
4. The line connecting points 1 and 2 constructs the acceleration curve for the system voltage level defined by
the VD MIN MOTOR VOLTS setting. The acceleration time-current curve for the minimum voltage starting is
calculated from the following equation:

ttrip = AFactor × e − I /σ
where
I −I
σ = 1 2 and AFactor = t1 × e I1 /σ
In ( t2 / t1 )

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Chapter 9 - Protection

where:
○ I is a variable multiplier of the rated current (values between I1 and I2),
○ I1 is a multiplier of the rated current (FLA) specified by the VD STALL CURRENT @ MIN V setting,
○ t1 is a time value specified by the VD SAFE STALL TIME @ MIN V setting,
○ I2 is a multiplier of the rated current (FLA) specified by the VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ MIN V setting,
and
○ t2 is a time coordinate of the intersection point between the thermal model curve and the vertical line
corresponding to the per-unit current value of the VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ MIN V setting.
5. Determine the point of intersection between the Overload Curve and the vertical line corresponding to the
multiplier of the rated current value of the VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ 100% V setting (see point 4).
6. Draw the locked rotor thermal limit point for the 100% voltage machine start. The coordinates of this point are
the multiplier of the rated current value (FLA) of the VD STALL CURRENT @ 100% V setting and the time
value of the VD SAFE STALL TIME @ 100% V setting (see point 3).
7. The line connecting points 3 and 4 constructs the acceleration curve for the rated system voltage. The
acceleration time-current curve for the rated voltage starting is calculated from the same equations, but the
setpoints associated with the 100% voltage starting are applied.
8. The line connecting points 1, 3 and 5 represent the machine safe stall conditions for any system voltage from
the minimum to 110% of rated. Ideally, all the points on this line are characterized by the same thermal limit
(I2t), but the equivalent starting impedance at reduced voltage is greater than the impedance at full voltage.
As such, the higher terminal voltages tend to reduce I2t. The rate of I2t reduction is dictated by the VD STALL
CURRENT and VD SAFE STALL TIME setpoints for rated and minimum voltage conditions. For voltage
conditions above rated, the locked rotor thermal limit and acceleration curve are extrapolated up to 110% of
the terminal voltage. The point coordinates (Is, Ts) for 110% are extrapolated based on the I1, T1, I3, and
T3values. For starting currents at voltages higher than 110%, the trip time computed from 110% V thermal
limit value is used.

Note:
The voltage dependent curve for current values above 8 times pickup (OL x FLA) are clamped and the time to trip is frozen at
the level calculated for the 8 times pickup current.

The following three figures (a), (b) and (c) illustrate the resultant overload protection curve for minimum, 100%, and
maximum line voltages. For voltages between these limits, the relay shifts the acceleration curve linearly and
constantly, based on the measured line voltage during a start. Figures (d), (e) and (f) illustrate the starting curves for
the following abnormal conditions: line voltages below the minimum, above 110%, and the situation for voltage loss.
For the Voltage Dependent Overload Curve Protection figure: (a) At Minimum Voltage, (b) At 100% Voltage, (c) At
110% Voltage, (d) At Less Than Minimum Voltage, (e) At Voltage Loss Condition, (f) At More Than 110% Voltage

859-1601-0911 266
Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 107: Voltage Dependent Overload Curve Protection

Note:
859, 869 note

Note:
For the three abnormal voltage situations, the relay makes a transition from the acceleration curve to the standard or
FlexCurve when the Motor Running or Motor Overload operands are asserted.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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Chapter 9 - Protection

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Latched

9.2.1.1.15 THERMAL MODEL LOGIC DIAGRAM

o
SETPOINTS
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT
FUNCTION:
Disabled = 0
Enabled = 1
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
VFD NOT BYPASSED

AND
Motor curve

❚✠ ✄✂✄✞✞✟✟✄✆
t✭■✮✁ ✷
✵✂✵✄☎✆✵✆✆✝ ✭■✌ ✞✮ ✡ ✵✂✵☎✵☎☛✝☎☞ ✭■✌ ✞✮
SETPOINTS
CURVE:
Motor

AND
FlexCurve
FlexCurve

SETPOINTS

AND
VOLTAGE DEPENDENT
VOLTAGE LOSS:
= Off

AND
SETPOINTS
MOTOR NAMEPLATE
VOLTAGE:
Vrated Voltage dependent

AND
motor curve
SETPOINTS
Phase VT Ratio:
Auxiliary VT Ratio: ❱ ❘ ✔ ❙ ❱ r❛✒✎♦ TO THERMAL
❱✁
Vratio ❱ r❛✒❡✓ MODEL LOGIC
on next page
Phase Voltages
Voltage dependent

AND
VA RMS FlexCurve
Select lowest value ❱♠ ✎♥✏ ❱ ✏ ❱✶✶✍ ✪
VB RMS VRMS=min(VAB,VBC,VCA)
VC RMS
110% voltage
AND
❱ ✑ ❱ ✶✶✍ ✪
locked rotor curve
SETPOINTS ✷
■✺ t✺
Voltage Dependent Min t✭■ ✮ ✁
✷
Motor Volts: ❱ ❁ ❱♠ ✎♥ ■

Vmin
869 only Minimum voltage
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
MOTOR RUNNING locked rotor curve
✷
SM RUNNING ■✶ t✶
t✭■✮✁
OR

SM STABILIZING ✷
■
SM RESYNC
MOTOR OVERLOAD
100% voltage
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND locked rotor curve

MOTOR STARTING ✷
■ t
t✭■✮✁ ✸ ✸
✷
■
894101C1

Figure 108: Voltage Dependent Overload Curve Selection logic diagram

859-1601-0911 268
Chapter 9 - Protection

✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
❿➁❿➀➊❿➋➇➌ ➀❿➍❽➂➀❽➉ ◆ ✧✣✰❃ ✜✤✭★
❖
P
➎➏➐➑ ▲
▲ ▼
❵✚✁❛✚☎❜✆✙ ☎✄✁✖✗✝❝ ▼
◆ ✪❩❇❍■❲❇ ✪●❲❩●❲
✯❭❊❉❑❇ ✯❡❅❲ ✤❇❆❲■❍❲ ❖ ✤❇❑■❣ ✽➵✜✤✭★➸
P ✯
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✪❊❑❣ ❭❊ ➺❁➓
✧✦✜✱✢
✜✤✭★ ❬✫✬✱✜✭✪✬❃ ▲ ◆ ✤
▼ ❖
✰❭❆■❏❑❇❪❫❴ P ✤✣✯✣✜
✜✱❘❙❚❯➒ ➓➔❱
✜❍❭❩ ▲ ▲ ◆ ✱❅❨❨■❊❪
✧■❲❞❡❇❪✜❍❭❩ ▼ ▼ ❖ ✤
P
✱❅❊❋❉●❍■❏❑❇ ◆ ✧✦✜✱✢
✭❇❈ ➒ ✪✧ ❳ ❬✧✦ ❖
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ P ✯ ◆
❖ ✧✣✰❃ ✦✧✦✤✥
✤✜✰ ❄✭✦✯❃ ⑥⑦⑧⑦⑨ ⑩❶❷❸❹❺❹⑨ P
▲ ✤✜✰ ❄✭✦✯ ✥✭✬✭✥✫✥❃ ✤✣✯✣✜
▼ ▲
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✤✜✰ ❄✭✦✯ ✱✣✬✜✣✤ ★✪✭✬✜❃ ✱❅❨❨■❊❪ ▼
✦✧✦✤✥ ❬✫✬✱✜✭✪✬❃ ✤✜✰ ❄✭✦✯ ✥✦◗✭✥✫✥❃ ◆
❖ ✯
✤✜✰ ❄✭✦✯ ✲✪✜✭✬✮❃ P
✰❭❆■❏❑❇❪❫❴
▲ ✤✜✰ ❄✭✦✯ ✲✪✜✭✬✮ ❄✦✬✰❃ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✧✦✜✱✢
✦❑■❍❨ ▼ ▲
✜✢✣✤✥✦✧ ✥✪✰✣✧ ✱✫✤✲✣❃ ❽❾❿➀➁➂➃ ➁➄➅❿➃ ➆➃➄➇➈➉ ▼ ✤
✧■❲❞❡❇❪ ✦❑■❍❨
✜✰ ✥✫✧✜✭★✧✭✣✤❃ ➎➏➐➑ ✤✣✯✣✜
✱✪✪✧ ✜✭✥✣ ✱✪✬✯✜✦✬✜ ✤✫✬✬✭✬✮❃ ✱❅❨❨■❊❪
✱✪✪✧ ✜✭✥✣ ✱✪✬✯✜✦✬✜ ✯✜✪★★✣✰❃
✤✫✬ ✞✟✠✡✟☛☞✌✍ ☛✎✠✏✑✒✓✔ ✕☎✂☎✖ ✂✗✂✘ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✥✪✜✪✤ ✜✤✭★★✣✰ ✜❍❭❩ ✪●❲❩●❲ ✤❇❑■❣ ◗
➤♦✐➥ ➦✐➟❦♣➧♥ ❤♥♠♥➨➩♥➨❦ ✥✪✜✪✤ ✯✜✪★★✣✰ rs ts✉ ✈✇①②③✉①④ ✈✇①②③✉①
➫➞♦➭♥ ➯♥➟♥➜❦↕✐➨ ➲✐➧↕➜ ✥✪✜✪✤ ✯✜✦✤✜✭✬✮ ✦✱✜✫✦✧ ✲✦✧✫✣✯
➯➜➳♥➥♥ ✤❇❆❇❲ ✜✱ ❘❙❚❯ ❲❅ ❴❱
✥✪✜✪✤ ✤✫✬✬✭✬✮ ❵✚✁❛✚☎❜✆✙ ☎✄✁✖✗✝❝
✤❭❆❭❊❉ ✥✪✜✪✤ ✪✲✣✤✧✪✦✰ ✜✢✣✤✥✦✧ ✪★
✣❪❉❇
✭❇❈ ❻ ✪✧ ❳ ❬✧✦ ✜✢✣✤✥✦✧ ★✩★ ❵✚✁❛✚☎❜✆✙ ☎✄✁✖✗✝❝
✜✢✣✤✥✦✧ ✦✧✦✤✥ ✪★
✳✴✵✶✷ ✸✹✺✺✷✻✼✶ ◆
❲ ✜✱❘❙❚❯❱ ✜✱❘❙❚❯ ❻ ✦❑■❍❨ ❖
✭✦ ✤✥✯ ◆ P ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✭❄ ✤✥✯ ★❭❞❢●❩ ❖
P ✦❑■❍❨ ✪●❲❩●❲ ✤❇❑■❣ ◗
✭✱ ✤✥✯ ❤✐ ❥✐❦ ❧♠♥♦♣❦♥q ❧♠♥♦♣❦♥
★❅❆ ✯❇❈ ✭ ✜✱❘❙❚❯ ❻ ✽❴❴❱
✬❇❉ ✯❇❈ ✭ ✭

✗✙✂✘✗✚ ✛✗✚✘✁ ◆
❖
✯✱ ✜✱ ❘❙❚❯❱ ⑤ ▲ P
✯✥ ✯✱ ✯❩❪❼ ✰❇❩ ✜✱ ✫❆❇❪ ▼
✪❊❑❣ ❭❊ ➺❂➓ ✯✱ ✜✱❘❙❚❯ ❻
✗✙✂✘✗✚ ✛✗✚✘✁ ✤✜✰ ✜✱❘❙❚❯❱ ✽❴❴❱
✯✜✦✜✪✤ ✜✣✥★ ✯✣✬✯✪✤ ✽ ✪❊❑❣ ❭❊ ➺❂➓
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✯✜✦✜✪✤ ✜✣✥★ ✯✣✬✯✪✤ ✾ →➣❤ ↔↕♣➙ ➛↕➜➝➞♠ ❤♥➟♣➠
✯✜✦✜✪✤ ✜✣✥★ ✯✣✬✯✪✤ ✿ ✤✜✰ ✜✱ ❘❙❚❯ ❻
✽❴❴❱ ❲➡➢➡ ❴ ➻➼➽➾➚➪➶➻➹➜➩♦
✯✜✦✜✪✤ ✜✣✥★ ✯✣✬✯✪✤ ❀
✯✜✦✜✪✤ ✜✣✥★ ✯✣✬✯✪✤ ❁ ✥■❳ ✜❇❨❩
✯✜✦✜✪✤ ✜✣✥★ ✯✣✬✯✪✤ ❂ ✢❅❲❲❇❆❲ ✤✜✰

Figure 109: Thermal Model logic diagram

9.2.1.2 CURRENT UNBALANCE (46)

Unbalance current, also known as negative sequence current or I2, results in disproportionate rotor heating. You
configure it by setting a non-zero value for the Unbalance Bias K Factor under Setpoints > Protection > Group
1(6) > Motor > Thermal Model. This feature protects the motor against unbalance by tripping when the motor’s
thermal capacity is exhausted. The current unbalance protection can detect this condition and issue an alarm or trip
before the motor has heated substantially. Unbalance is defined as the ratio of negative-sequence to positive-
sequence current,
✟✡
✂✄☎✆✝ ✞ ✁ ☛☞✌✍✎✏ ✑✒✒✓
✟✠

where Afactor is the adjustment factor used to prevent nuisance trip and/or alarm at light loads.
If the motor is operating at an average current level (Iavg) equal to or greater than the programmed full load current
(FLA, as selected by Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup), the adjustment factor (Afactor) is one. However, if the
motor is operating at an average current level (Iavg) less than FLA then the adjustment factor (Afactor) is the ratio of
average current to full load current.
If this element is enabled, a trip and/or alarm occur(s) once the unbalance level equals or exceeds the set pickup for
the set period of time. If the unbalance level exceeds 40% or when Iavg ≥ 25% FLA and current in any one phase is
less than the cutoff current, the motor is considered to be single phasing and a trip occurs within 2 seconds. Single
phasing protection is disabled if the unbalance trip feature is “Disabled”.

Note:
Unusually high unbalance levels can be caused by incorrect phase CT wiring.

Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Current Unbalance

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TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Current Unbalance Trip functionality.

UNBAL INPUT
Range: I2/I1, Lookup Table
Default: Lookup Table
In VFD driven motor applications, measurement of the sequence component (I1, I2) from currents Phasors may
not be accurate depending on the VFD output current signatures. The relay provides calculation of unbalance
current (%) using the Lookup table method, so, when setpoint VFD FUNCTION = Enabled, the relay by default
uses unbalance current (%) determined from the Lookup Table established from the graph shown below. The
ratio of negative to positive-sequence current is calculated from 0 to 30%, not 50%.
Unbalance (%) is calculated as:

✁✂✄ ☎✆✞✟☎✆✝✄ ✜ ✠✡☛✠ ☞✁✂✄ ✌✍✎✏✑ ✒ ✓✌✔✕✑✖✖✗✘✙✚ ✟ ✛✢✣✤✥✦✧

✁✂✄ ☎✆✞✟☎✆✝✄ ✫ ✠✡☛✠ ☞✁✂✄ ✌✍✎✏✑ ✒ ★✩✪ ✟ ✛✢✣✤✥✦✧

✁✂✵✂
☎ ✰✱✲
✛✢✣✤✥✦✧ ✬ ✭✮✯ ✝✳ ☎✰✱✲ ✫ ✭✮✯

✛✢✣✤✥✦✧ ✬ ✴ ✝✳ ☎✰✱✲ ✜ ✭✮✯

Imin and Imax are the minimum and maximum of the three phase filtered RMS currents. The ratio of negative
sequence to positive sequence current for any magnitude of phase current may be displayed on a graph as
shown below (providing the supply is a true three phase supply and there is no zero-sequence current flowing,
no ground fault).

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 110: Negative to Positive Sequence Current Ratio

Note:
The UNBAL INPUT setpoint is applicable only when VFD FUNCTION is Enabled.

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.50 s
This setting specifies the length of time to block the current unbalance function when motor is starting. The
element is active only when the motor is running and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start for a period
specified by this setting. A value of 0 specifies that the feature is not blocked from start. For values other than 0,
the feature is disabled when the motor is stopped and also from the time a start is detected until the time entered
expires.

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 4.0 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1%
Range: 4.0 to 40.0% in steps of 0.1% (when setpoint UNBAL INPUT = Lookup Table) (applicable to 859
firmware version 4 or later, or 869 firmware version 3 or later)

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Default: 15%
The setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function. When setting the pickup level, note that a 1%
voltage unbalance typically translates into a 6% current unbalance. To prevent nuisance trips or alarms, the
pickup level must not be set too low. Also, since short term unbalances are common, a reasonable delay must
be set to avoid nuisance trips or alarms. This setting must be greater than the corresponding setting for the
alarm stage.

TRIP CURVE
Range: Definite Time, Inverse Time
Default: Definite Time
Definite Time
When the curve is programmed as definite time, the trip element operates when the operating quantity exceeds
the pickup level for longer than the set time delay (programmed as TRIP PICKUP DELAY).
Inverse Time
The curve for the unbalance current is defined as:

T = TDM/[Unbal]2, where Unbal is defined by the preceding unbalance equation, T = time in seconds when I2 >
pickup (minimum and maximum times are defined by setpoints), TDM = time dial multiplier

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s (when TRIP CURVE = Definite Time)
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay for the trip function. This setting is only applicable when TRIP CURVE is
programmed as Definite Time.

Note:
Small power system transients or switching device operation can generate spurious negative sequence current that can result
in the false operation of the Current Unbalance element. In order to prevent false operation of the element, it is strongly
recommended to set Trip Pickup Delay and Alarm Pickup Delay settings greater than two power cycles.

TRIP TDM
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 in steps of 0.01 (when TRIP CURVE = Inverse Time)
Default: 10.00
The setting provides a selection for Time Dial Multiplier which modifies the operating times per the inverse curve.
This setting is only applicable when TRIP CURVE is programmed as Inverse Time.

TRIP MAX TIME

Range: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The Unbalance maximum time defines the maximum time that any value of negative sequence current in excess
of the pickup value will be allowed to persist before a trip is issued. This setting can be applied to limit the
maximum tripping time for low level unbalances. This setting is only applicable when TRIP CURVE is
programmed as Inverse Time.

TRIP MIN TIME

Range: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: 0.25 s
Unbalance minimum time defines the minimum time setting that can be applied to limit the minimum tripping
time. Small power system transients or switching device operation can generate spurious negative sequence
current that can result in the false operation of the Current Unbalance element. Unbalance minimum time must
be set in order to prevent false operation of the element. This setting is only applicable when TRIP CURVE is
programmed as Inverse Time.

TRIP RESET TIME

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting defines the linear reset time of the trip element time accumulator. It is the maximum reset time from
the threshold of tripping based on the motor unbalance inverse curve. The reset time has an accumulator/
integrator to represent the thermal memory counter which increments linearly if the motor unbalance current is
above the threshold, and decrements linearly if it is below the threshold. This setting is only applicable when
TRIP CURVE is programmed as Inverse Time.

Figure 111: Unbalance Inverse Time Curves

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay to reset the trip command. This delay must be set long enough to allow the
breaker or contactor to disconnect the motor. This setting is only applicable when TRIP CURVE is programmed
as Definite Time.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Current Unbalance Alarm functionality.

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 4.0 to 30.0% in steps of 0.1% (when setpoint UNBAL INPUT = Lookup Table) (applicable to 859
firmware version 4 or later, or 869 firmware version 3 or later)
Range: 4.0 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1%
Default: 10%
The ALARM PICKUP setting specifies a pickup threshold for the alarm function.
For example, if the supply voltage is normally unbalanced up to 2%, the current unbalance seen by a typical
motor is 2 × 6 = 12%. In this case, set the current unbalance alarm pickup to 15% and the current unbalance trip
pickup to 20% to prevent nuisance tripping; 5 or 10 seconds is a reasonable delay.

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay for the alarm function.

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay to reset the alarm command.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The Current Unbalance can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: Latched
✯❍●✱ ✁✺✬✛✻
❉
❊
✲✳✴✵ ✶✷✸✴ ❋

❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s✲
✁✯✁✂✄ ❃✮✪✝✩ ❏✪✱ ❇
❈
✁✜❯ ✁✺✬✛✻

●✔✓✬✹✺✗◗❘✦ ✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✴ ✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✴✲

❉
❊
❇ ✁✯✁✂✄ ✑ ✝✰✮✑✱ ✁✯✁✂✄ ✑ ✝✰✮✑ ●❍✯✁■✱
✁✯✁✂✄ ❋ ☎ ✲✳✴✵ ✶✷✸✴
❈ ❉
❊ ✁✯✁✂✄ ●✂❏✑❏✮✩ ●❍✯✁■✱
✂✮✪
✯✁✩✝❚ ✁✯✁✂✄ ❋ ❏✚✕✾✚✕ ✂✗✺✬❯ ❱
✯✁✩✝❚
✕❑▲❑
✕▼◆❖
●✒ ✪✒✕ ❏✾✗✛✬✕✗❲ ❏✾✗✛✬✕✗
✮✜✹✬✺ ④ ✁✺✬✛✻ ✑✔✼✽✚✾ ✂❍☎❍✩ ✂

✲✳✴✵ ✶✷✸✴ ✝✒✻✻✬✜◗

❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s✲

✆✯❏✝✰✱
✝✮✂ ✮✪✆✁✯ ✁✯✁✂✄ ❏✑

❏❙❘✦ ✝✮✂ ✮✪✆✁✯ ✁✯✁✂✄ ✑✰✑

✲✳✴✵ ✶✷✸✴
❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s✲

❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s ☎✩✁✂✩ ✆✯❏✝✰ ●❍✯✁■✱

✝✮✂ ✮✪✆✁✯ ✩✂ ✑ ✑✰✑
✕t✉▲
✄✒✕✒✛ ☎✕✒✾✾✗◗ ✦

❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s✲
❇
✲✳✴✵ ✶✷✸✴ ❈
✝✮✂ ✮✪✆✁✯ ✩✂ ✑ ❏✑

✩✂ ✑ ❃✮✪✝✩ ❏✪✱

✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✴
●✔✓✬✹✺✗◗❘✦ ❉
❊
❉ ❏✚✕✾✚✕ ✂✗✺✬❯ ❱
❋
✩✛✔ ✾ ❊
❇ ❋
●✒ ✪✒✕ ❏✾✗✛✬✕✗❲ ❏✾✗✛✬✕✗
❈
✯✬✕✼✈✗◗ ✩✛✔✾
❝❞❡❢❣❤✐❡❝ ❇
❈
✝✒✜P✫✚✛✬✹✺✗
✩✂ ✑ ✝✮✂❜❍✱
❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s✲
❉
✩✂ ✑ ✑ ✝✰✮✑✱ ❊
❋ ☎ ✁✜❯ ✩✛✔✾
✞✟✠✡☛✠✟☞✌✍ ✎✟✠☛✌✏ ✩✂ ✑ ✑✔✼✽✚✾ ●✗✺✬❯✱

✩✂ ✑ ✩●✄✱
✯✁✩✝❚ ✯❍●✱ ✩✛✔✾
✑✒✓✔✕✔✖✗ ✓✗✘✙ ✝✚✛✛✗✜✕ ✢ ✣✤
✩✂ ✑ ✄✁❱ ✩ ✄❍✱ ①②③✱ ✩✒ ✒✾✗✛✬✕✗

✪✗✫✬✕✔✖✗ ✓✗✘✙ ✝✚✛✛✗✜✕ ✢ ✭✤ ✩✂ ✑ ✄ ✪ ✩ ✄❍✱ ✂❍☎❍✩ ✂ ❏✚✕✾✚✕ ✂✗✺✬❯ ❦✢✩✂ ✑✤

❇
❈
✩✂ ✑ ✂❍☎❍✩ ✩ ✄❍✱ ✝✒✻✻✬✜◗

✩✂ ✑ ●✂❏✑❏✮✩ ●❍✯✁■✱ ①❂③✱ ✩✒ ✒✾✗✛✬✕✗ ✕✈✗

❳❨❩✌✌ ❬❨✟✏✌ ✞☛❩❩✌❭☞✏ ✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✴
❸❹ ✓✗✺✗✼✕✗◗ ✆✛✗✬✽✗✛❥
✂✮✪
❪❩❫❴ ✞❳ ❵✟❭❛ ✄❏✩❏✂ ❃✮✯✯ ✯❏✁● ✁✄✑☎ ✢❃✯✁✤ ✮✜✹✬✺ ❘ ✁ ⑧✿⑨⑩❶❷ ★ ❦✦✦❆
❸❺ ✝✒✜✕✬✼✕✒✛ ✩✛✔✾ ✂✗✺✬❯
✁ ✂✄☎
✔⑦ ✿❀❁ ④ ❃✯✁❲ ✁ ⑧✿⑨⑩❶❷ ❘ ❦ ✮✪✆✁✯ ④ ✑ ✝✰✮✑ ❉
❦ ❊
✆ ✂✄☎ ✿❀❁ ❘ ★ ✢ ✁ ✂✄☎ ⑥ ✆ ✂✄☎ ⑥ ✝ ✂✄☎✤ ❋
⑤ ✿❀❁
✔⑦ ✿❀❁ ✥ ❃✯✁ ❲ ✁ ⑧✿⑨⑩❶❷ ❘ ✕
✝ ✂✄☎ ❃✯✁ ❇
❈
❃✛✒✻ ☎✗✕✾✒✔✜✕ ❄ ☎❯✓✕✗✻ ❄ ✄✒✕✒✛

❉ ❧♠✳♥♠✶♦✷♣ ✶✵✳qr✸s✲
❊ ❇
❋ ☎ ❈
☎ ✪✇✯❍ ✑❚✁☎ ✪✇ ❏✑

✧❥ ❦ ✯✁✩✝❚
✿❀❁ ④ ✦✙✧❂ ★ ❃✯✁
✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✴
✂❍☎❍✩ ✂
❉ ❏✚✕✾✚✕ ✂✗✺✬❯ ❱
❊ ✝✒✻✻✬✜◗
❋
✁ ✂✄☎ ✥ ✦✙✦✧ ★ ✝✩ ●✒ ✪✒✕ ❏✾✗✛✬✕✗❲ ❏✾✗✛✬✕✗
❇
❈
✆ ✂✄☎ ✥ ✦✙✦✧ ★ ✝✩
❉
❊
✝ ✂✄☎ ✥ ✦✙✦✧ ★ ✝✩ ❋

✮✜✹✬✺ ❄ ❅✦❆

❇
❈ ✧✓
✦ ①③❅✦③⑤✁❂✙✼◗✛

Figure 112: Current Unbalance logic diagram

9.2.1.3 MECHANICAL JAM (50LR)

A motor load can become constrained (mechanical jam) during starting or running. The starting current magnitude
alone cannot provide a definitive indication of a mechanical jam; however, the running current magnitude can.
Therefore, the Mechanical Jam element is specially designed to operate for running load jams. Starting load jams
are detected by monitoring acceleration time and speed.
After a motor has started and reached the running state, a trip or alarm occurs if the magnitude of any phase
current exceeds the setting PICKUP for a period of time specified by the setting PICKUP DELAY.
The thermal element also operates during mechanical jams but after a delay when the thermal capacity reaches
100%. Not only does the Mechanical Jam protect the motor by tripping it quicker than the thermal protection, it can
also prevent or limit damage to the driven equipment in the event of a locked rotor during running.
The Mechanical Jam is armed as long as the motor status is not “Starting” or “Stopped”; this includes “Running” and
“Overload”. As soon as any phase current exceeds the user-selectable threshold, the element picks up and
operates after the programmed time delay. The element uses currents configured under Setpoints > System >
Current > Sensing and motor status asserted by the thermal model element. Both the signal source and thermal
protection must be configured properly in order for the mechanical jam protection to operate.
When the 2-Speed Motor Protection functionality is employed, the relay will block Mechanical Jam Protection during
the acceleration time from Speed 1 to Speed 2 until the motor current has dropped below overload pickup level (OL
x FLA) or the ACCEL TIME Fr. SPD 1-2 has expired. At a point in time when the motor has reached the Speed 2
running stage, the Mechanical Jam will be re-enabled using the setpoint Speed2 Motor FLA set under Setpoints >
System > Motor > Setup. The Pickup level must be set higher than the motor loading during normal operation, but
lower than the motor stall level for both speeds. Normally the delay is set to the minimum time delay or set so that
no nuisance trips occur due to momentary load fluctuations.
Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Mechanical Jam

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Mechanical Jam functionality.

PICKUP
Range: 1.00 to 10.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 2.00 x FLA
The setting defines the excessive current condition that identifies a mechanical jam. As the element is not armed
during start conditions, this threshold can be set below the starting current. Since the element is armed during
overload conditions, this setting must be higher than the maximum overload current. The setting is entered in
multiplies of FLA (programmed under Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup menu).

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.10 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies the pickup delay of the element. In the case of large motors that could feed close-in feeder
faults, this setting can coordinate with feeder protection to avoid false tripping due to excessive fault currents fed
by the motor.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting defines the reset delay of the element. Typical application includes time seal-in of the tripping
command

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The mechanical jam can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Disabled, Latched
Default: Latched

859-1601-0911 276
Chapter 9 - Protection

Logic diagram
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
❿✢✣✡✰✏✠✣☞
✭✦➃✓➄➅✿➆✍✎
✰✖✦✪
✟✓✱✧❀✿➆ ✰✖✦✪ ✫ ✚
✬ ✛
✑➅✓✖❂ ✜
✷✸✁✹✸☎✺✆✻ ☎✄✁✼✽✝✾
✟✓✱✧❀✿➆ ✑➅✓✖❂
✑➒➔ ✰✖✦✪
✡✕➒➓✔✩✖✓➄➅✿
✚ ✟✮✭☞ ✰✗✏✤
✛ ↔↕➙☞ ✰✕ ✕✪✿✖✓✱✿
❭❪❫❴❪❵❛❜❝ ❵❞❫❡❢❣❤ ✜
✫ ✠✩✱✪✩✱ ✗✿➅✓➔ ❃➛✰✗✏✤➜
❙❚❯❚❱ ❲❯❳❱❯❨❩❬ ✫ ✬
✬
❙❚❯❚❱ ❲❯❚❧❧❦q ↔➝➙☞ ✰✕ ✕✪✿✖✓✱✿ ✱❀✿
✚ ➃✿➅✿✧✱✿➆ ✞✖✿✓★✿✖➞
✛ ✘
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✜ ✡✕➒✱✓✧✱✕✖ ✰✖✦✪ ✗✿➅✓➔
✟✑✰✡➀
✞✟✠✡☛☞
✗
✠✌✍✎
✚ ✟✮✭☞ ✑✟✑✗✒
✛
✜
✐❱❚❥ ❲❦❯❧❚❨❩❯ ♠ ➇❱❚❯❦t❯❨❚❩ ♠ ✫ ✷✸✁✹✸☎✺✆✻ ☎✄✁✼✽✝✾
❙❚❯❚❱ ♠ ❲❧❦qr ❺tt❦➈❦❱❳❯❨❚❩ ✬ ✑➒➔ ✑➅✓✖❂
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ⑩❨❥❦ ✚
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✛
❿✢✣✡✰✏✠✣☞ ✜ ✘
✤✏✡☛✢✤☞
❺❼❼❸❹ ⑩➉❙❸ ✐❶➊ ❲➇❻ ➋ ➌r❽ ✟✑✰✡➀ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✭✦➃✓➄➅✿➆✍✎ ✚ ✗✢✣
✛ ✗
✐❱❚❥ ❲❦❯❧❚❨❩❯ ♠ ➇❱❚❯❦t❯❨❚❩ ♠ ✜ ➑ ✫ ✡✕❂❂✓➒➆ ✠✩✱✪✩✱ ✗✿➅✓➔ →
❯➍➎➏➎➐ ✬
❙❚❯❚❱ ♠ ❺tt❦➈❦❱❳❯❨❚❩ ❯❨❥❦ ✏✑ ✥ ✤✦✧★✩✪ ✗✮✘✮✰ ✭✕ ✣✕✱ ✠✪✿✖✓✱✿➣ ✠✪✿✖✓✱✿
✚ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✛ ✷✸✁✹✸☎✺✆✻ ☎✄✁✼✽✝✾
❭❪❫❴❪❵❛❜❝ ❵❞❫❡❢❣❤ ✜ ✤✏✡☛✢✤ ✭✮✟✑✯☞ ✫
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✭✗✠✤✠✢✰ ✭✮✟✑✯☞ ✬ ✒✿✧❀ ❁✓❂ ❃ ✠✤
❲❧❦❦qr ❙❚❯❚❱ ❲s❨❯t✉ ✚ ❙⑨⑩⑨❶ ⑨❷❸❶❹⑨❺❻ ✐❺❼⑩⑨❶❽
✛ ✱✲✳✲
✜ ✘ ✘✤✮✮✭❾ ✒✠✰✠✗ ❿✟✑☞ ✱✴✵✶
✐❱❚❥ ❲❦❯❧❚❨❩❯ ♠ ❲♥♦❯❦❥
♠ ❙❚❯❚❱ ♠ ❲❦❯♣❧ ✟✑✰✡➀ ✗✢✣
✏✞ ✥ ✤✦✧★✩✪ ✫ ✷✸✁✹✸☎✺✆✻ ☎✄✁✼✽✝✾
✗ ✬
❶❨♦❨❩❬ ❸q❬❦ ✒✿✧❀ ❁✓❂ ❃ ✤☛✤

➁■➂ ❄❅❆❇❈ ❉❊❋❋❈●❍❇ ▼❋◆❖ ✈✇①② ③ ④⑤ ⑥ ⑦⑤⑧

❄❅❆❇❈ ❉❊❋❋❈●❍ ❉P ◗❆●❘

✏✑ ✗✒✘ ❃ ➃✿✧ ✏✡ ✥ ✤✦✧★✩✪

✏✞ ✗✒✘ ✈✇①② ➦ ➧ ➩ ➫✈⑧ ➭ ✈➯ ➭ ✈➲➳
➨
✏✡ ✗✒✘

❄❅❆❇❈ ❉❊❋❋❈●❍❇ ■❆❏●❑❍❊▲❈

▼❋◆❖ ❄❅❆❇❈ ❉❊❋❋❈●❍ ❉P ◗❆●❘
✏✑ ✒✓✔ ✕✖ ✏✑ ✗✒✘✙
✏✞ ✒✓✔ ✕✖ ✏✞ ✗✒✘✙ ↔➙➢✎➙➝✑➤➥✧➆✖
✏✡ ✒✓✔ ✕✖ ✏✡ ✗✒✘✙
✙❿✕✖ ➟❿✭ ✓✪✪➅✦✧✓✱✦✕➒➣ ✪❀✓➃✿ ✧✩✖✖✿➒✱➃ ✓✖✿
➃➠✦✱✧❀✿➆ ➡✖✕❂ ➡✩➒➆✓❂✿➒✱✓➅ ✤❀✓➃✕✖ ❂✓✔➒✦✱✩➆✿
➛✏✑➞✞➞✡ ✒✓✔➜ ✱✕ ✗✒✘ ➛✏✑➞✞➞✡ ✗✒✘➜ ➠❀✿➒ ➃✿✱✪✕✦➒✱
➟❿✭ ❿✩➒✧✱✦✕➒ ✦➃ ✮➒✓➄➅✿➆ ✓➒➆ ✕✪✿✖✓➒➆ ➟❿✭ ✣✕✱
✞➔✪✓➃➃✿➆ ✦➃ ✓➃➃✿✖✱✿➆

Figure 113: Mechanical Jam 1 logic diagram

9.2.1.4 UNDERCURRENT (37)

The relay provides one Undercurrent element per protection group. The element responds to a per-phase current.
When the motor is in the running state, an alarms occurs if the magnitude of any phase current falls below the
undercurrent alarm pickup level for the time specified by the undercurrent alarm delay. Furthermore, a trip occurs if
the magnitude of any phase current falls below the undercurrent trip pickup level for the time specified by the
undercurrent trip delay. The alarm and trip pickup levels must be set lower than the lowest motor loading during
normal operations.
The Undercurrent element is active only when the motor is running and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start
for a period of time defined by the setting START BLOCK DELAY. This block may be used to allow pumps to build
up head before the undercurrent element trips or alarms. A second independent Undercurrent protection element is
provided for Speed 2. If 2 speed functionality is enabled, the relay relies on the motor speed indication; so the main
Undercurrent protection element is only active when the motor is running at speed 1 (low speed), and the Speed2
Undercurrent protection element is only active when the motor is running at high speed (speed 2).
Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1 > Motor > Undercurrent 1

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Undercurrent Trip functionality.

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 15000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.50 s

859-1601-0911 277
Chapter 9 - Protection

The Undercurrent element is active only when the motor is running and it is blocked upon the initiation of a motor
start for a period of time defined by the START BLOCK DELAY setting (e.g., this block can be used to allow
pumps to build up head before the undercurrent element trips or alarms).

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.50 s
The Undercurrent element remains blocked when the breaker closes for a period of time defined by this setting.
The START BLOCK DELAY setting allows the connected load to build-up to a certain level before the
undercurrent element trips or alarms.

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 0.10 to 0.99 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.70 x FLA
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function.

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 0.05 to 0.95 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.60 x CT
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function.

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the trip function.

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a specifies a time delay to reset the trip command. This delay should be set long enough to
allow the breaker or contactor to disconnect the motor.

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a specifies a time delay to reset the trip command. This delay should be set long enough to
allow the breaker or contactor to disconnect the feeder.

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 9 - Protection

This setting enables the Undercurrent Alarm functionality.

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 0.10 to 0.99 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.75 x FLA
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the alarm function.

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 0.10 to 0.95 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.70 x CT
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the alarm function.

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the alarm function.

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay to reset the alarm command.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Undercurrent can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

859-1601-0911 279
Chapter 9 - Protection

❧♠✹♥♠✼♦✽♣ ✼✻✹qr✾s
◗❯❏ ❪●❱❫
❇ ◆❤❍✐ ❪❩✚❴ ✇❊✐ ❪❁ ❁❫■●✛❋■ ❃❚❋❫❚❋
❈
❉ ❩■❀✛❏ ① ②❪❩✚❴③
❳ ❥❁❯⑦⑧❚●✛✜❀■ ❱❯ ✇④⑤
❨
✇④⑤✐ ❪❁ ❁❫■●✛❋■ ❋❖■
✁✂✄ ☎ ✆✝ ✞✟✠✠✡☛☞✌ ✍✠✎✏ ✑✒✓✞✔ ✕✖☛✗ ✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺ ❇
❈ ❊ ❲■❀■✢❋■P ✿●■✛❂■●⑥
✘✂✄ ☎ ✆✝ ✞✟✠✠✡☛☞✌ ✍✠✎✏ ✞✔ ✙✖☛✗ ❪●❱❫ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺✸ ❉ ❥❁❯❋✛✢❋❁● ❪●❱❫ ❩■❀✛❏
✚✛ ❪●❱❫ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❍■❀✛❏ ◆◗❪❥❦
❩❬❭ ✚❣ ❡ ❪●❱❫ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❪●❱❫ ❍●❁❫❁❚❋ ❍■❀✛❏ ❧♠✹♥♠✼♦✽♣ ✼✻✹qr✾s✸
✚✜ ❳ ❩❤❊❤❪ ❩
✚❢ ❡ ❪●❱❫ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❨ ❋❵▼❵ ❬❯P■●✢❚● ❪●❱❫ ❃❴
❋❛❜❝ ❥❁❘❘✛❯P
✚✢ ❳
✚❞ ❡ ❪●❱❫ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❨
⑨❖■❯ ⑩❙❍ ❙❚❯✢❋❱❁❯ ❱❲ ❤❯✛✜❀■P ✛❯P ✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺
❁❫■●✛❯P ❶⑩❙❍ ❭❁❋ ✿❏❫✛❲❲■P❷ ❱❲ ❪●❚■✈
✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺ ❪●❱❫ ❃❚❋❫❚❋ ❩■❀✛❏ ✉
✢❚●●■❯❋ ❱❯❫❚❋❲ ✛●■ ❲❸❱❋✢❖■P ❹●❁❘
❴❖✛❲❁● ❺✛⑧❯❱❋❚P■ ❋❁ ❙❱❀❋■●■P ❩❺❊❻ ◗❀✛●❘ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺✸ ❍❁ ❭❁❋ ❃❫■●✛❋■✈ ❃❫■●✛❋■
◗❀✛●❘ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❍■❀✛❏
❩❬❭ ✚❣ ❡ ◗❀✛●❘ ❴❱✢❂❚❫
❳ ◗❀✛●❘ ❍●❁❫❁❚❋ ❍■❀✛❏
✚❢ ❡ ◗❀✛●❘ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❨ ❋❵▼❵ ❧♠✹♥♠✼♦✽♣ ✼✻✹qr✾s✸
❋❛❜❝
✚❞ ❡ ◗❀✛●❘ ❴❱✢❂❚❫ ❬❯P■●✢❚● ❪●❱❫ ❴t❴

✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺ ◆❤❍✐ ◗❀✛●❘

❪❩✚❴ ❙❬❭❥❪✚❃❭✐ ❇
❈
❍❱❲✛✜❀■P❅❆ ❉
❪●❱❫ ❳ ❳
❨ ❨
◆✛❋✢❖■P ❪●❱❫ ❇
❇ ❈
❥❁❯⑦⑧❚●✛✜❀■ ❈ ❉ ❊
❉
◆◗❪❥❦
❩❤❊❤❪ ❩
❥❁❘❘✛❯P

❧♠✹♥♠✼♦✽♣ ✼✻✹qr✾s✸
❬❯P■●✢❚● ◗❀✛●❘ ❃❴
✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺ ❬❯P■●✢❚● ◗❀✛●❘ ❴t❴
✿❀❁✢❂
❃❄❅❆ ✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺ ✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺
❊❋✛●❋ ✿❀❁✢❂ ❍■❀✛❏ ◗❀✛●❘ ❃❚❋❫❚❋ ❩■❀✛❏ ✉
❋❑▲▼ ❆ ❍❁ ❭❁❋ ❃❫■●✛❋■✈ ❃❫■●✛❋■
✫✬✭✮✬✯✰✱✲ ✯✳✭✴✵✶✷ ❇
✣✤✥✤✦ ✧✥✤★★✩✪ ❈
❉

✸✹✺✻✼✽✾✺
◗❀✛●❘ ❙❚❯✢❋❱❁❯
❍❱❲✛✜❀■P
◗❀✛●❘ ❳
❨
◆✛❋✢❖■P ◗❀✛●❘

✇⑤❼❆⑤❽◗❽❻✢P●

Figure 114: Undercurrent logic diagram

9.2.1.5 LOSS OF EXCITATION (40)

Typically, a synchronous machine has an excitation system, which supplies DC (Direct Current) to energize the
rotor/field winding. This excitation to the machine rotor may be completely or partially lost due to various abnormal
conditions, such as field circuit open or short, loss of supply to the excitation system, or unintentional trip of a field
breaker and so on. Due to loss of excitation, the synchronous machine may act as an induction machine, which
may cause the machine to over-speed (above synchronous speed) and also draw reactive power (Var) from the
system. Therefore, Loss Of Excitation (LOE) protection is applied to protect synchronous machines from over-
speeding, as well as to recover systems from voltage collapse.

X
Diameter
Circle 2
Diameter
Circle 1
Circle 1

Circle 2
Offset

Offset

Figure 115: Loss of excitation Characteristic

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Loss of excitation protection is achieved using positive sequence impedance measurements (from voltage and
currents), and two inverted offset (Mho) circles, as shown. User configurable Under-Voltage (UV) supervision and
sufficient positive sequence current (>0.05 x CT) are applied for additional protection of this element. Each
individual circle characteristic can be applied independently. In the case where a circle element is enabled and the
measured positive sequence impedance falls within this circle, the element operates with the corresponding time
delay setting. Further, a 20 ms reset delay is applied to the element logic which enhances protection dependability,
especially when measured impedance jitters around a circle boundary.

Note:
All impedance (in ohms) settings refer to the relay side impedance quantity, i.e. the CT/VT secondary side when looking into
the machine.

Base impedance should be calculated on secondary side.

The following is the guideline used to derive the setting of this element.
The inner circle (Circle 1) diameter is set to machine base impedance (i.e. 1 pu), which considers the loss of field
during full loading to medium loading of the machine. An offset is one half of the direct axis transient reactance (X'd)
- both impedances referring to the relay side. The corresponding time delay for the inner circle needs to be higher
than the worst case power swing scenario, and hence this value is determined from stability studies (typically, this
value may be in the range of 0.2 s to 0.5 s).

On the other hand, the outer circle (e.g. Circle 2) diameter is set to the synchronous reactance of the machine (Xd)
and an offset equal to one half of the direct axis transient reactance (X'd) - both impedances referring to the relay
side. This allows the machine to be protected during light load conditions or with reduced field excitation. The
corresponding time delay for the outer circle should be high enough to prevent mis-operations due to power swings,
and hence this value is determined from stability studies (typically, this value may be in the range of 0.5 s to 2 s).

Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Loss of Excitation

CIRCLE 1 FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

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CIRCLE 1 DIAMETER
Range: 0.1 to 300.0 ohms in steps of 0.1 ohms
Default: 25.0 ohms
This setting is the diameter of the Circle 1 characteristic in ohms, referring to the CT/VT secondary (relay).

CIRCLE 1 OFFSET
Range: 0.1 to 300.0 ohms in steps of 0.1 ohms
Default: 2.5 ohms
This setting is the offset of the Circle 1 characteristic in ohms, referring to the CT/VT secondary (relay).

CIRCLE 1 PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.30 s

CIRCLE 1 UV SUPERVISION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
Under-voltage supervision of the element can be enabled or disabled. If Enabled for Circle 1, the positive
sequence voltage at the machine terminal should be lower than setting value in “UV Supervision” in order to
execute the Circle 1 impedance element, i.e. LOE Circle 1 is enabled only in case voltage drops below the “UV
supervision” level. This additional check ensures the drop in machine terminal voltage in case of loss of
excitation.

CIRCLE 1 OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

CIRCLE 2 FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

CIRCLE 2 DIAMETER
Range: 0.1 to 300.0 ohms in steps of 0.1 ohms
Default: 35.0 ohms
This setting is the diameter of the Circle 2 characteristic in ohms, referring to the CT/VT secondary (relay).

CIRCLE 2 OFFSET
Range: 0.1 to 300.0 ohms in steps of 0.1 ohms
Default: 2.5 ohms
This setting is the offset of the Circle 2 characteristic in ohms, referring to the CT/VT secondary (relay).

CIRCLE 2 PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

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CIRCLE 2 UV SUPERVISION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
Under-voltage supervision of the element can be enabled or disabled. If Enabled for Circle 2, the positive
sequence voltage at the machine terminal should be lower than setting value in “UV Supervision” in order to
execute the Circle 2 impedance element, i.e. LOE Circle 1 is enabled only in case voltage drops below the “UV
supervision” level. This additional check ensures the drop in machine terminal voltage in case of loss of
excitation.

CIRCLE 2 OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

UV SUPERVISION
Range: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.70 x VT
This setting specifies the pickup value for under-voltage supervision for one or both circles (if enabled).

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Latched

<

Figure 116: Loss of Excitation Logic Diagrams: circle 1

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<

Figure 117: Loss of Excitation Logic Diagrams: circle 2

9.2.1.6 OVERLOAD ALARM

The Overload Alarm is used to alarm abnormal load increases that can indicate problems with the process. An
alarm is enabled only after the acceleration stage is complete and the motor has entered the running or overload
stage. Once enabled, the alarm is generated when the biased motor load current exceeds the PICKUP setting for
the time delay specified by the setting PICKUP DELAY. When the current has subsided, the alarm stays active for
the time specified by the setting PICKUP DELAY.
Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1 > Motor > Overload Alarm

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

PICKUP
Range: 0.50 to 3.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.70 x FLA

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

AND
LED:
ALARM
SETPOINT FlexLogic Operands

OR
FUNCTION Any Alarm
Disabled

AND
S
Alarm
LATCH
OR

Latched Alarm
R
Configurable
RESET Set
Dominant
Command

SETPOINT SETPOINT
BLOCK PICKUP SETPOINT
AND

Off = 0 RUN SETPOINTS

PICKUP DELAY:
OUTPUT RELAY X

MOTOR STATUS Iavg > PICKUP DROPOUT DELAY: Do Not Operate, Operate

OR
Running
Overload
tPKP FlexLogic Operands
tDPO
OR

SM Resync Overload Alarm OP

SM Running
Applicable to Only 869 Synchronous FlexLogic Operands
Motor Application
Overload Alarm PKP

Phase Currents (RMS) from J1-CT

Bank
Phase A current (Ia)
Phase B current (Ib)
Phase C current (Ic)
894097A3

Figure 118: Overload Alarm logic diagram

9.2.1.7 SHORT CIRCUIT

If Short Circuit is enabled, a trip or alarm occurs once the magnitude of any phase current exceeds the setting
PICKUP for the time specified by the setting PICKUP DELAY.

Note:
Care must be taken when turning on this feature. If the interrupting device (contactor or circuit breaker) is not rated to break
the fault current, the function of this feature must not be configured as Trip. Alternatively, this feature may be programmed
as Alarm or Latched Alarm and assigned to an auxiliary relay connected to an upstream device which is capable of
breaking the fault current.

Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Short Circuit

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Short Circuit setting.

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If the operating condition is satisfied when Trip is selected as the function, the logic operands Short Circuit PKP
and Short Circuit OP are asserted, which in turn operates the LED trip and trip output relay.
If Alarm is selected, the LED alarm flashes on Short Circuit operation, and it automatically resets when the
activating condition clears.
If Latched Alarm is selected, the LED alarm flashes on Short Circuit operation, and stays on after the condition
clears, until a reset command is initiated. The TRIP output relay does not operate if Latched Alarm or Alarm
function is selected. Any assignable output relays can be selected to operate when the Short Circuit function
is selected as Latched Alarm, Alarm or Trip.

OVERREACH FILTER
Range: Off, On
Default: Off
When a motor starts, the starting current (typically 6 × FLA for an induction motor) has an asymmetrical
component. This asymmetrical current may cause one phase to see as much as 1.6 times the normal RMS
starting current. If the Pickup was set at 1.25 times the symmetrical starting current, it is probable that there
would be nuisance trips during motor starting. A rule of thumb has been developed over time that short circuit
protection be at least 1.6 times the symmetrical starting current value. This allows the motor to start without
nuisance tripping. The overreach filter removes the DC component from the asymmetrical current present at the
moment of fault. This eliminates overreach; however, the response time slows slightly (10 to 15 ms) but remains
within specification.

PICKUP
Range: 1.00 to 30.00 x CT in steps of 0.01
Default: 6.00 x CT
The setting specifies a pickup threshold for the Short Circuit element.
If 2-Speed Motor Protection functionality is employed, then the CT primary is the value of setting “2-Speed CT
Primary” that can be found under Setpoints > System > Motor.

Note:
Special care must be taken when setting Pickup for motor applications with low and high speed windings. Pickup must be set
with enough margin such that short circuit elements do not malfunction when switching from one speed to another.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 s
The setting specifies the pickup delay for the Short Circuit element.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 s
The setting defines the reset delay of the element.

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The Short Circuit can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

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OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Latched

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869: To operate Output

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

Contactor Trip Relay

859: To operate the
selected Breaker/
Relay 1(TRIP)

Short Circuit 1 PKP

SETPOINT

Short Circuit 1 OP
Any Alarm
Any Trip

Output Relay X
LED: ALARM
LED: TRIP
OR

OR OR

LATCH
LATCH

R
S
R
S
AND AND AND AND

Command
RESET
tRST
DROPOUT DELAY:
SETPOINTS
PICKUP DELAY:

tPKP

OR

Metering > Motor > Short Circuit

IB > Pickup
IA > Pickup

IC > Pickup

ACTUAL VALUES
SETPOINT

SC RMS Ib
SC RMS Ia

SC RMS Ic
PICKUP:
RUN

AND
OVERREACH FILTER:
SETPOINT

Off or On

OR
Phase Currents from Phase Current
SETPOINT
SETPOINT

CT bank

IC RMS
IA RMS
IB RMS

894099C1
Latched Alarm
Configurable
Latched Trip
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0

BLOCK:
Off=0
Alarm
Trip

Figure 119: Short Circuit logic diagram

9.2.1.8 MOTOR GROUND FAULT (50SG)

When motor stator windings become wet or suffer insulation deterioration, low magnitude leakage currents often
precede complete failure and resultant destructive fault currents. This ground fault protection provides early
detection of such leakage current, so that the motor can be tripped in time to limit motor damage. However,
sometimes a high magnitude ground fault occurs, which is too high for the contactor to interrupt. In this case, it is
best to set the Ground Fault function as a Control to signal an upstream device, or wait for the fuses to do the
interruption. Various situations (e.g. contactor bounce) can cause transient ground currents during motor starting,
which can exceed the pickup level for a very short period of time. The TRIP PICKUP START DELAY setting can be
fine-tuned to an application such that it still responds very quickly, but rides through normal operational
disturbances. Normally, the Ground Fault time delays are set as short as possible (0 seconds). However, time to trip

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might have to be increased if nuisance tripping occurs. Special care must be taken when the ground input is wired
to the phase CTs in a residual connection. When a motor starts, the starting current (typically 6 × FLA for an
induction motor) has an asymmetrical or DC component. This momentary DC component causes each of the phase
CTs to react differently, and cause a net current into the ground input of the relay. A 20 ms block of the ground fault
element when the motor starts normally enables the relay to ride through this momentary ground current signal.
Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Ground Fault

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Ground Fault Trip functionality.

GROUND CT TYPE
Range: 1/5A, 50:0.025A, 1A SG
Default: 1/5A
For high resistance grounded systems, sensitive ground current detection is possible if the 50:0.025A or 1A
sensitive ground input is used. To use the 50:0.025A input, select “50:0.025A” for the Ground CT Type. On
solidly grounded systems where fault currents can be quite large, the 1/5A (1A or 5A depending on the order
code) secondary ground CT input must be used for either zero-sequence or residual ground sensing. If the
connection is residual, the Ground CT secondary and primary values must be the same as the phase CT. If
however, the connection is zero-sequence, the Ground CT secondary and primary values must be entered.

Note:
The Ground CT type setting is only applicable when 50:0.025A or 1A sensitive ground is selected in the order code.
Otherwise, this setting is hidden and 1/5A secondary Ground CT Type is used as the base value.

TRIP PICKUP
For 1/5A Ground CT Type:
Range: 0.01 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.20 x CT
For 50:0.025 Ground CT Type (Ground Current order code option B1/B5/0B):
Range: 0.50 to 15.00 A in steps of 0.01 A
Default: 10.00 A
For 1A Sensitive Ground CT Type (Ground Current order code option S1):
Range: 0.005 to 3.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.200 x CT
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function.

TRIP PICKUP
For 1/5A Ground CT Type:
Range: 0.01 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.20 x CT
For 50:0.025 Ground CT Type :

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Range: 0.50 to 15.00 A in steps of 0.01 A

Default: 10.00 A
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function.

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 1800.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the amount of time motor ground current must exceed pickup to generate a trip when the
motor is in a running or overload condition.

TRIP PICKUP START DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 1800.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the amount of time motor ground current must exceed pickup to generate a trip when the
motor is in a starting condition.

Note:
The TRIP PICKUP START DELAY must be set less than the motor starting time in order to avoid any delayed operation of
the element in an event of a ground fault that occurs during motor start and continues while the motor enters into running
state.

TRIP PICKUP RUN DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 1800.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the amount of time motor ground current must exceed pickup to generate a trip when the
motor is in a running condition.

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.01 s
This setting specifies a time delay to reset the trip command. This delay must be set long enough to allow the
breaker or contactor to disconnect the motor.

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Ground Fault Alarm functionality.

ALARM PICKUP
For 1/5A Ground CT Type:
Range: 0.01 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT

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Default: 0.10 x CT
For 50:0.025 Ground CT Type:
Range: 0.50 to 25.00 A in steps of 0.01 A
Default: 5.00 A
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the alarm function.

ALARM PICKUP
For 1/5A Ground CT Type:
Range: 0.01 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.10 x CT
For 50:0.025 Ground CT Type (Ground Current order code option B1/B5/0B):
Range: 0.50 to 25.00 A in steps of 0.01 A
Default: 5.00 A
For 1A Sensitive Ground CT Type (Ground Current order code option S1):
Range:0.005 to 3.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.100 x CT
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the alarm function.

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 1800.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the amount of time motor ground current must exceed pickup to generate an alarm.

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.01 s
This setting specifies a time delay to reset the alarm command.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The Ground Fault can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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TARGETS

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Range: Self-reset, Disabled

neglecting to release a fan brake.

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP

ACCELERATION TIME
869: To operate Output

AND
Relay 1(TRIP)
OR

Figure 120: Ground Fault logic diagram

859: To operate the
SETPOINTS selected Breaker/
S
TRIP PICKUP START DELAY:
AND

Contactor Trip Relay

OR
TRIP DROPOUT DELAY: LATCH
tPKP SETPOINT
SETPOINT t RST

AND
RESET R
SETPOINT Trip Output Relay X
TRIP FUNCTION: Command
TRIP PICKUP: Do Not Operate, Operate
OR

RUN

AND
Disabled=0
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Trip SETPOINTS
Ig > Pickup GndFault 1 Trip OP
Latched Trip TRIP PICKUP RUN DELAY:

OR
OR

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY: GndFault 1 Trip PKP

Configurable tPKP tRST

AND
SETPOINT
BLOCK:
Off=0

SETPOINT
SETPOINT
ALARM FUNCTION: ALARM PICKUP: SETPOINTS
ALARM PICKUP DELAY:
RUN

AND
Disabled=0 ALARM DROPOUT DELAY: LED: Alarm
AND

ALARM tPKP tRST FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS

Ig > Pickup

OR
LATCH ALARM Any Alarm
OR

S SETPOINT
AND

SETPOINT
LATCH Alarm Output Relay X
GROUND CT TYPE: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND Do Not Operate, Operate
RESET R
1/5A Motor Starting 20ms 0 Command
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS

OR
50:0.025A* Motor Stopped
GndFault 1 Alrm OP
1A SG*
GndFault 1 Alrm PKP
Ig RMS

* if selected in the order code

otherwise use 1/5A
894090C1

during a start as early as possible to minimize re-starting delays once the cause of the stall is remedied, e.g.
Many motors have a time margin between acceleration-time and the stall limit. It is advantageous to detect stalling

292
Chapter 9 - Protection

The Acceleration Time element compares actual starting time with a pre-determined time setting (defined under
Setpoints > System > Motor as MAX. ACCELERATION TIME) and operates when it is exceeded. This element
has the functionality to adapt the tripping time for starts with lower starting current, and it stores acceleration time
and current of the last five starts.

Note:
In both Definite Time and Adaptive mode, if motor remains in Starting state for more than two times the set MAX.
ACCELERATION TIME, the element de-asserts the asserted operating flag, and resets timer to zero so that thermal
protection operates according to set thermal limits.

The element uses currents configured under Setpoints > System > Current Sensing and motor status asserted by
the Thermal Model protection element. Both the signal source and thermal protection must be configured properly in
order for the Acceleration Time protection to operate.
The following figure shows examples of constant and variable acceleration currents and explains measurement of
the acceleration time and current. Part “a” represents a constant current start and part “b” represents a variable
current start.
The element stores the basic statistics for the last five successful starts. The following values are retained, available
for display and accessible via communications:
● Date and time of starting.
● Acceleration time (seconds).
● Effective acceleration current (multiplies of FLA).
● Peak acceleration current (multiplies of FLA).
Recorded effective acceleration current and time could be used for fine-tuning of the relay settings.
✩✪

✍✎✎✏✑✒ ✎✖✗✗✏✘✓
✩✫

✩✭

✩✮

✩✬
✣ ✣
✢ ✢
✜✛ ✜✛
✛
✚✙
✛
✚✙ ☛✶✵ ✷ ☛✵✵ ✷ ✒✒ ✷ ☛✴✵
✍✎✎✏✑✒ ✎✖✗✗✏✘✓ ✸
✴
✩✯

✤✑✍ ✥ ✦✏✗✧✔✎✏ ✤✍✎✓★✗ ✤✑✍ ✥ ✦✏✗✧✔✎✏ ✤✍✎✓★✗

✡☛☞✌ ✍✎✎✏✑✒ ✓✔✕✏ ✡☛☞✌ ✍✎✎✏✑✒ ✓✔✕✏

✰✱✲ ✰✳✲

✁✁✂✄☎✆✄✝✞✟✠

Figure 121: Sample Acceleration Currents: (a) Constant Current Start and (b) Variable Current Start

Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Acceleration Time

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Acceleration Time functionality.

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CURRENT
Range: 1.00 to 10.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 6.00 x FLA
The setting is only used in the Adaptive mode. The setting defines a constant current that when applied to the
motor accelerates the motor within the normal acceleration time. The setting is used to adapt the tripping action
when the current is changing significantly during the start, such as due to voltage dips.

MODE
Range: Definite Time, Adaptive
Default: Definite Time
The setting defines the operating mode of the Acceleration Time element. When set to “Definite Time”, the
element times duration of the motor start and operates when the starting time exceeds the Max. Acceleration
Time (defined under Setpoints > System > Motor). When set to “Adaptive”, the element uses the effective
accelerating current to adapt to the starting conditions. The operating equation assumes that the accelerating
power is proportional to the square of the current and neglects any current unbalance or impact of the rotor slip.
Consequently, in the Adaptive mode, the element operates when the square of the current integrated from the
beginning of the start up to a given time exceeds the product of acceleration Current2 x Max. Acceleration Time.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The Acceleration Time element can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Disabled
Default: Latched

859-1601-0911 294
Chapter 9 - Protection

SETPOINT
FUNCTION:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Disabled=0 Any Trip
Trip
LED: TRIP

AND
Latched Trip 869: To operate Output

OR
Alarm Relay 1(TRIP)

AND

OR
Latched Alarm
859: To operate the
Configurable selected Breaker/
S

AND
Contactor Trip Relay
LATCH
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
R
Motor Stopped LED: ALARM

AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
SETPOINT SETPOINT Any Alarm
BLOCK: CURRENT:

AND
S
Off=0
MAX ACCELERATION TIME:
Definite Time LATCH SETPOINT
RUN
SETPOINT Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
Mode: Adaptive
T > MAX ACCELERATION TIME FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
Motor Accel Time OP

OR
RUN

Phase Currents Magnitude from

Phase Current CT bank
I2 T > Current2 x MAX.
IA Mag or IA FLTD RMS*
ACCELERATION TIME
MAX

IB Mag or IB FLTD RMS*

RECORDS
IC Mag or IC FLTD RMS*
Start Date
*For VFD application, phase currents are Calculate: Start Time
switched from fundamental Phasor Peak acceleration current
magnitude (IA/B/C Mag) to Filtered RMS (IA/ Start Acceleration Time
Effective acceleration current
B/C FLTD RMS) when setpoint VFD Function Acceleration time Start Effective Current
is Enabled and operand ‘VFD Not Bypassed’ Start Peak Current
is asserted

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Motor Starting
Motor Running
OR

SM Field Applied*
* Synchronous Motor Application. Not
applicable to 859 ✁✂✄ ☎✆

Figure 122: Acceleration Time logic diagram

9.2.1.10 UNDERPOWER (37P)

The Underpower element responds to total three-phase real power (kW) measured from the phase currents and
voltages. When the motor is in the running state, a trip and/or alarm occurs once the magnitude of three-phase real
power falls below the pickup level for a period of time specified by the TRIP PICKUP DELAY and/or ALARM
PICKUP DELAY. The pickup must be set lower than the lowest motor loading during normal operations. For
example, Underpower may be used to detect loss of load conditions. Loss of load conditions does not always cause
a significant loss of current. Power is a more accurate representation of loading and may be used for more sensitive
detection of load loss. This may be especially useful for detecting process related problems.
Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Underpower

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Underpower Trip functionality.

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 15000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.50 s
The setting specifies the length of time to block the Underpower function when the motor is starting. The
Underpower element is active only when the motor is running and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start
for a period of time specified by this setting. For example, this block may be used to allow pumps to build up
head before the Underpower element trips or alarms. A value of 0 specifies that the feature is not blocked from
start. For values other than 0, the feature is disabled when the motor is stopped and also from the time a start is
detected until the time entered expires.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 1 to 25000 kW in steps of 1 kW
Default: 1 kW
The setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function. This setting is typically set at a level less than the
corresponding setting for the alarm function.

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.01 s
The setting specifies a time delay for the trip function. The time delay must be long enough to overcome any
short lowering of the load (e.g. during system faults).

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.01 s
The setting specifies a time delay to reset the trip command. This delay must be set long enough to allow the
breaker or contactor to disconnect the motor.

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled
The setting enables the Underpower Alarm functionality.

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 1 to 25000 kW in steps of 1 kW
Default: 2 kW
The setting specifies a pickup threshold for the alarm function. The alarm pickup threshold must be less than the
motor load during normal operation.

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.01 s
The setting specifies a time delay to reset the alarm command.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand

859-1601-0911 296
Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: Off
The Underpower can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Disabled
Default: Latched
Three Phase Currents from FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
CT bank Underpwr Trip PKP
IA SETPOINT
TRIP PICKUP: SETPOINTS
IB FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TRIP PICKUP DELAY:
IC RUN TRIP DROPOUT DELAY: Any Trip
tPKP tRST LED: TRIP
P3ph < Trip Pickup

AND
Three Phase Voltages from VT 869: To operate Output
Bank P3ph = Pa + Pb + Pc Relay 1(TRIP)
VOLTAGE CONNECTION

OR
WYE DELTA 859: To operate the
VAG VAB S selected Breaker/

AND
Contactor Trip Relay
VBG VBC LATCH
VCG VCA FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
RESET R
Command Underpwr Trip OP

OR
SETPOINT
Output Relay X
IA mag > 0.1 x FLA Do Not Operate, Operate
AND

IB mag > 0.1 x FLA SETPOINT

IC mag > 0.1 x FLA ALARM PICKUP: SETPOINTS
ALARM PICKUP DELAY:
RUN
ALARM DROPOUT DELAY:
VA mag > 0.25 x Vrated tPKP
P3ph < ALarm Pickup tRST
AND

VB mag > 0.25 x Vrated

SETPOINT
AND

VC mag > 0.25 x Vrated

TRIP FUNCTION:
Disabled=0
Trip LED: Alarm

AND
OR

Latched Trip FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

Configurable

OR
Any Alarm
AND

SETPOINT

AND
S
BLOCK: LATCH
Off=0
RESET R
SETPOINT Command
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND START BLOCK DELAY:
Motor Stopped tBLK 0 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Underpwr Alarm OP
Underpwr Alarm PKP
AND

SETPOINT
ALARM FUNCTION: SETPOINT
AND

Output Relay X
Disabled=0
Do Not Operate, Operate
ALARM
OR

LATCH ALARM

894096A1

Figure 123: Underpower logic diagram

9.2.2 2-SPEED MOTOR ELEMENTS OVERVIEW

The relay provides the following motor protection elements:
● 2-speed thermal model
● 2-speed acceleration
● 2-speed undercurrent

9.2.2.1 2-SPEED THERMAL MODEL

Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group1(6) > 2-Speed Motor > Speed2 Thermal Model
When the two-speed motor functionality is used, these settings allow the selection of the proper parameters for the
thermal model when the motor is switched to the second speed. There is one thermal model and it has inputs for
overload conditions from calculations at both speeds. As such, the accumulated thermal capacity is calculated from
overload contributions at each speed.
The algorithm integrates the heating at each speed into one thermal model using a common thermal capacity used
register value for both speeds.
This section gives details on settings for thermal model at the second motor speed.

859-1601-0911 297
Chapter 9 - Protection

OVERLOAD CURVE
Range: Motor, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D, FlexCurve OL, IEC
Default: Motor

TD MULTIPLIER
Range: 1.00 to 25.00 in steps of 0.01 when thermal model curve is Motor
Default: 1.00
Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01 when thermal model curve is FlexCurve A/B/C/D/OL
Default: 0.00

VOLT. DEPENDENT (VD) FUNCTION

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

VD MIN MOTOR VOLTS

Range: 60 to 99% in steps of 1
Default: 80%

VD VOLTAGE LOSS
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

VD STALL CURRENT @ MIN V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 4.50 x FLA

VD STALL TIME @ MIN V

Range: 0.1 to 1000.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 20.0 s

VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ MIN V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 4.00 x FLA

VD STALL CURRENT @ 100% V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 6.00 x FLA

VD STALL TIME @ 100% V

Range: 0.1 to 1000.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 10.0 s

VD ACCEL. INTERSECT @ 100% V

Range: 1.50 to 20.00 in steps of 0.01

859-1601-0911 298
Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: 5.00 x FLA

✖✗✘✙✙ ✚✗✛✜✙ ✢✣✤✥✛✦✙✜ ✧✘✣★
✢✖ ✩✛✪✫
✒✬✎✏✑✓✌ ✕✬✭✭✌✕✏✮✬✭
☛☞✌ ✍✌✎✏✑
✒✑✓ ✒✑✔ ✒✳
✒✔✓ ✒✔✕ ✒✴
✒✕✓ ✒✕✑ ✒✵

✏✶✷✸✹✳✺ ✻✼✽✷✺

✖✗✘✙✙ ✚✗✛✜✙ ✯✰✘✘✙✪✥✜

✧✘✣★ ✯✖ ✱✛✪✫ ✲
✮✑ ✮✳
✮✔ ✮✴
✮✕ ✮✵

✾✿✷✷✽✲ ✏✶✷✸✹✳✺ ✾✿✷✷✽❅ ✏✶✷✸✹✳✺

✻✼✽✷✺ ❀✷❁❁❂❃❄❀ ✻✼✽✷✺ ❀✷❁❁❂❃❄❀
✼❆❆ ✼❃
❊❋●❍❋■❏❑▲ ■▼●◆❖P◗
✻✬✏✬❈ ✾❉✌✌✍ ❅
✑✵❁❂❇✷

✁✂✄☎☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 124: 2-speed Thermal Model logic diagram

9.2.2.2 2-SPEED ACCELERATION

ath:Setpoints > Protection > Group1(6) > 2-Speed Motor > Speed2 Acceleration
Speed2 Acceleration Time functionality is enabled when the motor is switched from speed 1 to speed 2 and 2-
Speed Motor Protection (set under Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup) is enabled.

Note:
Speed2 Acceleration CURRENT and MODE settings and functionality at speed 2 are identical to those of speed 1 and are
described in the Acceleration Time element.

Two additional settings define the transition between speeds. A two-speed motor is usually started at a low speed
(speed 1) and then switched to a higher speed (speed 2) when required. When the motor starts directly at high
speed, then the Speed 2 MAX. ACCEL. TIME setting (defined under Setpoints > Setup > Motor) specifies the
maximum acceleration time at speed 2. When the motor is switched from a low-to-high speed setting, the Speed 2
ACCEL. TIME FR. SPD 1-2 setting specifies the acceleration time. When the motor is switched from high speed to
low speed, the Speed2 Trans 2-1 Op FlexLogic operand is set for a time defined by the Speed 2 Switch 2-1 Delay
setting (under Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup) to allow inputs for control logic of contactors and breakers at
both speeds. The acceleration time at speed 2 becomes functional only if the acceleration time at speed 1 is
enabled. When the acceleration time at any speed is not required, it can be permanently blocked.

CURRENT
Range: 1.00 to 10.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 6.00 x FLA

MODE
Range: Definite Time, Adaptive
Default: Definite Time

ACCEL TIME FR. SPD 1-2

Range: 0.50 to 250.00 s in steps of 0.01
Default: 10.00 s

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859-1601-0911
Default: Off
Chapter 9 - Protection

from low-to-high speed.

SETPOINT
FUNCTION:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand

Disabled=0 Any Trip

Trip
LED: TRIP
Latched Trip 869: To operate Output

AND
Relay 1(TRIP)

OR
Alarm

AND
OR
Latched Alarm
859: To operate the
Configurable selected Breaker/
S
From Setpoint > Protection > Motor >

AND
Contactor Trip Relay
Acceleration Time LATCH
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND R
Motor Stopped LED: ALARM

AND
Speed2 Motor Switch
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINT
SETPOINT
OR

Any Alarm

AND
2-SPEED MOTOR PROTECTION CURRENT:
Enabled=1 S

AND
SPEED2 MAX. ACCEL. TIME:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
From Setpoint > System > Motor > Setup LATCH
ACCEL TIME FR. SPD 1-2: Spd2 Accel Time OP
Definite Time

Figure 125: Speed2 Acceleration Time logic diagram

Command R
RUN
SETPOINT
RESET
SETPOINT
BLOCK:
Adaptive Output Relay X
Off=0
T > SPEED2 MAX. ACCEL. TIME Do Not Operate, Operate
OR

Programmed under Setpoint >

SETPOINT

OR
Protection > Motor > Acceleration
RUN Time
Mode:

Phase Currents Magnitude from

Phase Current CT bank I2 T > CURRENT2 *
IA Mag or IA FLTD RMS* SPEED2 MAX. ACCEL. TIME
IB Mag or IB FLTD RMS* RECORDS

MAX
IC Mag or IC FLTD RMS* Start Date
*For VFD application, phase currents are Calculate: Start Time
switched from fundamental Phasor Peak acceleration current Start Acceleration Time
magnitude (IA/B/C Mag) to Filtered RMS (IA/ Effective acceleration current
Start Effective Current
B/C FLTD RMS) when setpoint VFD Function Acceleration time
is Enabled and operand ‘VFD Not Bypassed’ Start Peak Current
is asserted

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Motor Starting
Motor Running
894023C1
This setting is provided to select maximum accelerating time from speed 1 to speed 2 when motor is switched

300
Chapter 9 - Protection

9.2.2.3 2-SPEED UNDERCURRENT

Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group1(6) > 2-Speed Motor > Speed2 Undercurrent
If the Speed2 Undercurrent function is enabled, a trip or alarm is initiated once the IA, IB or IC current magnitude
falls below the pickup level for a period of time specified by the delay. For example, the undercurrent can be used to
detect loss-of load conditions. This can be especially useful for detecting process related problems. This element is
active if the motor is running at Speed 2. The undercurrent function at speed 2 becomes functional only if
undercurrent at speed 1 is enabled. When the undercurrent function at any speed is not required, it can be
permanently blocked.

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 15000.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.50 s
This setting specifies a time to block the undercurrent function when the motor is starting directly at speed 2.
Prior to starting, the motor state is determined from the Motor Stopped operand. The speed 2 undercurrent
element is active only when the motor is running at speed 2 and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start for
a period of time defined by the START BLOCK DELAY setting (for example, this block can be used to allow
pumps to build up head before the undercurrent element trips or alarms). A value of zero (0) specifies that the
feature is not blocked from start. For values other than zero (0), the feature is disabled when the motor is
stopped and also from the time a start is detected until the time entered expires. A one second delay is added to
prevent wrong operation of the element when motor is switched from speed 1 to speed 2.

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 0.10 to 0.99 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.70 x FLA

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 0.10 to 0.99 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.75 x FLA

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand

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 9.2.3

859-1601-0911
Default: Off
Chapter 9 - Protection

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output
869: 3 Ph Currents from J1-CT bank AND Relay 1(TRIP)
859: 3 Ph Currents from CT bank Configurable in 859
OR

Ia 859: To operate the

SETPOINT S selected Breaker/
Ib SETPOINTS
Trip Pickup
AND

Contactor Trip Relay

Ic Trip Pickup Delay LATCH
RUN Ia < Trip Pickup Trip Dropout Delay FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
When VFD Function is Enabled and RESET R
Ib < Trip Pickup tPKP

OR
operand ‘VFD Not Bypassed’ is True, tRST Command Spd2 U/C OP
current inputs are switched from Phasor Ic < Trip Pickup
OR

Magnitude to Filtered RMS. SETPOINT

Figure 126: Undercurrent logic diagram

Trip Output Relay X
SETPOINT

● Phase time overcurrent (Phase TOC)

SETPOINT Alarm Pickup SETPOINTS Do Not Operate, Operate
RUN Alarm Pickup Delay Programmed under Setpoint >

● Neutral time overcurrent (Neutral TOC)

TRIP FUNCTION: Ia < Alarm Pickup
Alarm Dropout Delay Protection > Motor >
Ib < Alarm Pickup

OR
Disabled=0 tPKP Undercurrent
tRST FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Trip Ic < Alarm Pickup Spd2 U/C PKP
Latched Trip

OR
LED: Alarm
Configurable
From Setpoint > Protection >

● Phase instantaneous overcurrent (Phase IOC)

Motor > Undercurrent
AND
OR

Setpoints/System/Motor
2-Speed Motor Protection

CURRENT ELEMENTS OVERVIEW

S
AND

AND
Disabled = 0
LATCH
From Setpoint > System >

● Phase directional overcurrent (Phase Directional OC)

Motor > Setup RESET R
Command

AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Speed2 Motor Switch FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Spd2 U/C Alm OP
SETPOINT
Spd2 U/C Alm PKP
Block
Off=0 SETPOINT SETPOINT
Start Block Delay Alarm Output Relay X
tBLK 0 Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Motor Stopped Programmed under Setpoint >

AND
Protection > Motor >
Undercurrent
SETPOINT
Alarm Function
Disabled
Alarm

OR
Latched Alarm
From Setpoint > Protection >

The 859 motor protection relay provides the following current protection elements:
Motor > Undercurrent

894024A1

302
Chapter 9 - Protection

● Neutral instantaneous overcurrent (Neutral IOC)

● Neutral directional overcurrent (Neutral Directional OC)
● Ground time overcurrent (Ground TOC)
● Ground instantaneous overcurrent (Ground IOC)
● Sensitive ground time overcurrent (Sensitive Ground TOC)
● Sensitive ground instantaneous overcurrent (Sensitive Ground IOC)
● Negative sequence instantaneous overcurrent (Negative Sequence IOC)

The relay has six setpoint groups with phase, neutral, and ground elements per group. The programming of the
time-current characteristics of these elements is identical in all cases and is only covered in this section. The
required curve is established by programming a Pickup Current, Curve Shape, Curve Multiplier, and Reset Time.
The Curve Shape can be either a standard shape or a user-defined shape programmed with the FlexCurve feature.

9.2.3.1 INVERSE TIME OVERCURRENT CURVES

The Inverse Time Overcurrent Curves used by the Time Overcurrent elements are the IEEE, IEC, GE Type IAC,
ANSI, I2t and I4t standard curve shapes. This allows for simplified coordination with downstream devices.
If none of these curve shapes are adequate, FlexCurves may be used to customize the inverse time curve
characteristics. The definite time curve is also an option that may be appropriate if only simple protection is
required.

OVERCURRENT CURVE TYPES

IEEE ANSI IEC GE TYPE IAC OTHER
IEEE Extremely Inverse ANSI Extremely Inverse IEC Standard Inverse IAC Extremely Inverse I2t
IEEE Very Inverse ANSI Very Inverse IEC Very Inverse IAC Very Inverse I4t
IEEE Moderately IEC Extremely Inverse FlexCurves™ A, B, C
ANSI Normally Inverse IAC Inverse
Inverse and D
US Inverse ANSI Moderately UK Long Time Inverse
IAC Short Inverse Recloser Curve
Inverse
US Short Time Inverse Rectifier Definite Time
FR Short Time Inverse RI
Standard Inverse (1.3s)
BPN EDF

A time dial multiplier setting allows the selection of a multiple of the base curve shape (where the time dial multiplier
= 1) with the curve shape setting. Unlike the electromechanical time dial equivalent, operate times are directly
proportional to the time multiplier (TD MULTIPLIER) setting value. For example, all times for a multiplier of 10 are
10 times the multiplier 1 or base curve values. Setting the multiplier to zero results in an instantaneous response to
all current levels above Pickup.
Time Overcurrent time calculations are made with an internal energy capacity memory variable. When this variable
indicates that the energy capacity has reached 100%, a Time Overcurrent element will operate. If less than 100%
energy capacity is accumulated in this variable and the current falls below the dropout threshold of 97 to 98% of the
Pickup value, the variable must be reduced.
Two types of this resetting operation are available: DT and Inverse. The Inverse selection can be used where
the relay must coordinate with electromechanical relays. The DT selection is intended for applications with other
relays, such as most static relays, which set the energy capacity directly to zero or some fixed time delay when the
current falls below the reset threshold or when inverse curve coordination is not available.

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Note:
In IEEE, ANSI, IAC, I2T, I4T User Curves, multiplier setting TDM value is provided by the Time Dial setting

IEEE CURVES
The IEEE Time Overcurrent curve shapes conform to industry standards and the IEEE C37.112-1996 curve
classifications for extremely, very, and moderately inverse. The IEEE curves are derived from the formula:

Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
● A, B, p = constants
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)
● tr = characteristic constant

IEEE INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

IEEE CURVE SHAPE A B P tr
IEEE Extremely Inverse 28.2 0.1217 2.000 29.1
IEEE Very Inverse 19.61 0.491 2.000 21.6
IEEE Moderately Inverse 0.0515 0.1140 0.02000 4.85
US Inverse 5.95 0.180 2.000 5.95
US Short Time Inverse 0.16758 0.11858 0.02000 2.261

IEEE CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
IEEE EXTREMELY INVERSE
0.5 11.341 4.761 1.823 1.001 0.648 0.464 0.355 0.285 0.237 0.203
1.0 22.682 9.522 3.647 2.002 1.297 0.927 0.709 0.569 0.474 0.407
2.0 45.363 19.043 7.293 4.003 2.593 1.855 1.418 1.139 0.948 0.813
4.0 90.727 38.087 14.587 8.007 5.187 3.710 2.837 2.277 1.897 1.626
6.0 136.090 57.130 21.880 12.010 7.780 5.564 4.255 3.416 2.845 2.439
8.0 181.454 76.174 29.174 16.014 10.374 7.419 5.674 4.555 3.794 3.252
10.0 226.817 95.217 36.467 20.017 12.967 9.274 7.092 5.693 4.742 4.065
IEEE VERY INVERSE
0.5 8.090 3.514 1.471 0.899 0.654 0.526 0.450 0.401 0.368 0.345
1.0 16.179 7.028 2.942 1.798 1.308 1.051 0.900 0.802 0.736 0.689
2.0 32.358 14.055 5.885 3.597 2.616 2.103 1.799 1.605 1.472 1.378
4.0 64.716 28.111 11.769 7.193 5.232 4.205 3.598 3.209 2.945 2.756

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TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)

1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
6.0 97.074 42.166 17.654 10.790 7.849 6.308 5.397 4.814 4.417 4.134
8.0 129.432 56.221 23.538 14.387 10.465 8.410 7.196 6.418 5.889 5.513
10.0 161.790 70.277 29.423 17.983 13.081 10.513 8.995 8.023 7.361 6.891
IEEE MODERATELY INVERSE
0.5 3.220 1.902 1.216 0.973 0.844 0.763 0.706 0.663 0.630 0.603
1.0 6.439 3.803 2.432 1.946 1.688 1.526 1.412 1.327 1.260 1.207
2.0 12.878 7.606 4.864 3.892 3.377 3.051 2.823 2.653 2.521 2.414
4.0 25.756 15.213 9.729 7.783 6.753 6.102 5.647 5.307 5.041 4.827
6.0 38.634 22.819 14.593 11.675 10.130 9.153 8.470 7.960 7.562 7.241
8.0 51.512 30.426 19.458 15.567 13.507 12.204 11.294 10.614 10.083 9.654
10.0 64.390 38.032 24.322 19.458 16.883 15.255 14.117 13.267 12.604 12.068
US Inverse
0.5 2.470 1.082 0.462 0.288 0.214 0.175 0.152 0.137 0.127 0.120
1.0 4.940 2.163 0.924 0.577 0.428 0.350 0.304 0.274 0.254 0.240
2.0 9.880 4.327 1.848 1.153 0.856 0.700 0.608 0.549 0.509 0.480
4.0 19.760 8.653 3.695 2.307 1.712 1.400 1.216 1.098 1.018 0.960
6.0 29.640 12.980 5.543 3.460 2.568 2.100 1.824 1.647 1.526 1.441
8.0 39.520 17.307 7.390 4.613 3.423 2.800 2.432 2.196 2.035 1.921
10.0 49.400 21.633 9.238 5.767 4.279 3.500 3.040 2.744 2.544 2.401
US Short Time Inverse
0.5 10.350 6.062 3.831 3.040 2.621 2.356 2.171 2.032 1.924 1.837
1.0 20.700 12.123 7.662 6.079 5.241 4.712 4.341 4.065 3.849 3.674
2.0 41.400 24.247 15.324 12.159 10.483 9.423 8.683 8.130 7.698 7.349
4.0 82.800 48.493 30.648 24.317 20.966 18.847 17.365 16.259 15.395 14.698
6.0 124.200 72.740 45.972 36.476 31.448 28.270 26.048 24.389 23.093 22.046
8.0 165.600 96.987 61.296 48.635 41.931 37.694 34.730 32.519 30.791 29.395
10.0 207.001 121.233 76.620 60.793 52.414 47.117 43.413 40.648 38.489 36.744

ANSI CURVES
The ANSI time overcurrent curve shapes conform to industry standards and the ANSI C37.90 curve classifications
for extremely, very, and moderately inverse. The ANSI curves are derived from the following formulae:

Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting

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● A to E = constants
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)
● tr = characteristic constant

ANSI INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

ANSI CURVE SHAPE A B C D E tr
ANSI Extremely Inverse 0.0399 0.2294 0.5000 3.0094 0.7222 5.67
ANSI Very Inverse 0.0615 0.7989 0.3400 -0.2840 4.0505 3.88
ANSI Normally Inverse 0.0274 2.2614 0.3000 -4.1899 9.1272 5.95
ANSI Moderately Inverse 0.1735 0.6791 0.8000 -0.0800 0.1271 1.08

ANSI CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
ANSI EXTREMELY INVERSE
0.5 2.000 0.872 0.330 0.184 0.124 0.093 0.075 0.063 0.055 0.049
1.0 4.001 1.744 0.659 0.368 0.247 0.185 0.149 0.126 0.110 0.098
2.0 8.002 3.489 1.319 0.736 0.495 0.371 0.298 0.251 0.219 0.196
4.0 16.004 6.977 2.638 1.472 0.990 0.742 0.596 0.503 0.439 0.393
6.0 24.005 10.466 3.956 2.208 1.484 1.113 0.894 0.754 0.658 0.589
8.0 32.007 13.955 5.275 2.944 1.979 1.483 1.192 1.006 0.878 0.786
10.0 40.009 17.443 6.594 3.680 2.474 1.854 1.491 1.257 1.097 0.982
ANSI VERY INVERSE
0.5 1.567 0.663 0.268 0.171 0.130 0.108 0.094 0.085 0.078 0.073
1.0 3.134 1.325 0.537 0.341 0.260 0.216 0.189 0.170 0.156 0.146
2.0 6.268 2.650 1.074 0.682 0.520 0.432 0.378 0.340 0.312 0.291
4.0 12.537 5.301 2.148 1.365 1.040 0.864 0.755 0.680 0.625 0.583
6.0 18.805 7.951 3.221 2.047 1.559 1.297 1.133 1.020 0.937 0.874
8.0 25.073 10.602 4.295 2.730 2.079 1.729 1.510 1.360 1.250 1.165
10.0 31.341 13.252 5.369 3.412 2.599 2.161 1.888 1.700 1.562 1.457
ANSI NORMALLY INVERSE
0.5 2.142 0.883 0.377 0.256 0.203 0.172 0.151 0.135 0.123 0.113
1.0 4.284 1.766 0.754 0.513 0.407 0.344 0.302 0.270 0.246 0.226
2.0 8.568 3.531 1.508 1.025 0.814 0.689 0.604 0.541 0.492 0.452
4.0 17.137 7.062 3.016 2.051 1.627 1.378 1.208 1.082 0.983 0.904
6.0 25.705 10.594 4.524 3.076 2.441 2.067 1.812 1.622 1.475 1.356
8.0 34.274 14.125 6.031 4.102 3.254 2.756 2.415 2.163 1.967 1.808
10.0 42.842 17.656 7.539 5.127 4.068 3.445 3.019 2.704 2.458 2.260
ANSI MODERATELY INVERSE
0.5 0.675 0.379 0.239 0.191 0.166 0.151 0.141 0.133 0.128 0.123
1.0 1.351 0.757 0.478 0.382 0.332 0.302 0.281 0.267 0.255 0.247

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TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)

1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
2.0 2.702 1.515 0.955 0.764 0.665 0.604 0.563 0.533 0.511 0.493
4.0 5.404 3.030 1.910 1.527 1.329 1.208 1.126 1.066 1.021 0.986
6.0 8.106 4.544 2.866 2.291 1.994 1.812 1.689 1.600 1.532 1.479
8.0 10.807 6.059 3.821 3.054 2.659 2.416 2.252 2.133 2.043 1.972
10.0 13.509 7.574 4.776 3.818 3.324 3.020 2.815 2.666 2.554 2.465

IEC CURVES
For European applications, the relay offers three standard curves defined in IEC 255-4 and British standard BS142.
These are defined as IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, and IEC Curve C. The formula for these curves is:

BPN EDF Curve Operate Equation

Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
● K, E = constants
● tr = characteristic constant
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)

IEC (BS) INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

IEC (BS) CURVE SHAPE K E tr
IEC Curve A (BS142) 0.140 0.020 9.7
IEC Curve A (BS142) 13.500 1.000 43.2
IEC Curve A (BS142) 80.000 2.000 58.2
IEC Short Inverse 0.050 0.040 0.500
Long Time Inverse 120 1 -
Rectifier 45900 5.6 -
Standard Inverse (1.3s) 0.0607 0.02 3.55

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IEC (BS) CURVE SHAPE K E L

BPN EDF 1000 2 0.655

Note:
When using Long Time Inverse, Rectifier, IEC Short Time Inverse, BPN EDF curves for the operate characteristic, DT
(Definite Time) is always used for the Reset characteristic

IEC CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
IEC CURVE A
0.05 0.860 0.501 0.315 0.249 0.214 0.192 0.176 0.165 0.156 0.149
0.10 1.719 1.003 0.630 0.498 0.428 0.384 0.353 0.330 0.312 0.297
0.20 3.439 2.006 1.260 0.996 0.856 0.767 0.706 0.659 0.623 0.594
0.40 6.878 4.012 2.521 1.992 1.712 1.535 1.411 1.319 1.247 1.188
0.60 10.317 6.017 3.781 2.988 2.568 2.302 2.117 1.978 1.870 1.782
0.80 13.755 8.023 5.042 3.984 3.424 3.070 2.822 2.637 2.493 2.376
1.00 17.194 10.029 6.302 4.980 4.280 3.837 3.528 3.297 3.116 2.971
IEC CURVE B
0.05 1.350 0.675 0.338 0.225 0.169 0.135 0.113 0.096 0.084 0.075
0.10 2.700 1.350 0.675 0.450 0.338 0.270 0.225 0.193 0.169 0.150
0.20 5.400 2.700 1.350 0.900 0.675 0.540 0.450 0.386 0.338 0.300
0.40 10.800 5.400 2.700 1.800 1.350 1.080 0.900 0.771 0.675 0.600
0.60 16.200 8.100 4.050 2.700 2.025 1.620 1.350 1.157 1.013 0.900
0.80 21.600 10.800 5.400 3.600 2.700 2.160 1.800 1.543 1.350 1.200
1.00 27.000 13.500 6.750 4.500 3.375 2.700 2.250 1.929 1.688 1.500
IEC CURVE C
0.05 3.200 1.333 0.500 0.267 0.167 0.114 0.083 0.063 0.050 0.040
0.10 6.400 2.667 1.000 0.533 0.333 0.229 0.167 0.127 0.100 0.081
0.20 12.800 5.333 2.000 1.067 0.667 0.457 0.333 0.254 0.200 0.162
0.40 25.600 10.667 4.000 2.133 1.333 0.914 0.667 0.508 0.400 0.323
0.60 38.400 16.000 6.000 3.200 2.000 1.371 1.000 0.762 0.600 0.485
0.80 51.200 21.333 8.000 4.267 2.667 1.829 1.333 1.016 0.800 0.646
1.00 64.000 26.667 10.000 5.333 3.333 2.286 1.667 1.270 1.000 0.808
IEC SHORT INVERSE
0.05 0.153 0.089 0.056 0.044 0.038 0.034 0.031 0.029 0.027 0.026

0.10 0.306 0.178 0.111 0.088 0.075 0.067 0.062 0.058 0.054 0.052
0.20 0.612 0.356 0.223 0.175 0.150 0.135 0.124 0.115 0.109 0.104
0.40 1.223 0.711 0.445 0.351 0.301 0.269 0.247 0.231 0.218 0.207
0.60 1.835 1.067 0.668 0.526 0.451 0.404 0.371 0.346 0.327 0.311
0.80 2.446 1.423 0.890 0.702 0.602 0.538 0.494 0.461 0.435 0.415
1.00 3.058 1.778 1.113 0.877 0.752 0.673 0.618 0.576 0.544 0.518

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TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)

1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
Rectifier
0.05 264.241 48.313 4.896 0.976 0.280 0.101 0.042 0.020 0.010 0.006
0.10 528.482 96.626 9.792 1.952 0.559 0.201 0.085 0.040 0.021 0.012
0.20 1056.964 193.251 19.583 3.904 1.119 0.403 0.170 0.080 0.042 0.023
0.40 2113.928 386.502 39.167 7.808 2.237 0.806 0.340 0.161 0.083 0.046
0.60 3170.891 579.754 58.750 11.712 3.356 1.209 0.510 0.241 0.125 0.069
0.80 4227.855 773.005 78.334 15.615 4.474 1.612 0.680 0.322 0.166 0.092
1.00 5284.819 966.256 97.917 19.519 5.593 2.015 0.850 0.402 0.208 0.115
Standard Inverse (1.3s)
0.05 0.373 0.217 0.137 0.108 0.093 0.083 0.076 0.071 0.068 0.064
0.10 0.745 0.435 0.273 0.216 0.186 0.166 0.153 0.143 0.135 0.129
0.20 1.491 0.870 0.546 0.432 0.371 0.333 0.306 0.286 0.270 0.258
0.40 2.982 1.739 1.093 0.864 0.742 0.665 0.612 0.572 0.540 0.515
0.60 4.473 2.609 1.639 1.295 1.113 0.998 0.918 0.858 0.811 0.773
0.80 5.964 3.479 2.186 1.727 1.484 1.331 1.224 1.144 1.081 1.030
1.00 7.455 4.348 2.732 2.159 1.856 1.664 1.530 1.429 1.351 1.288

IAC CURVES
The curves for the General Electric type IAC relay family are derived from the formula:

Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
● A to E = constants
● tr = characteristic constant
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)

GE TYPE IAC INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS

IAC CURVE SHAPE A B C D E tr
IAC Extremely Inverse 0.0040 0.6379 0.6200 1.7872 0.2461 6.008
IAC Very Inverse 0.0900 0.7965 0.1000 -1.2885 7.9586 4.678
IAC Inverse 0.2078 0.8630 0.8000 -0.4180 0.1947 0.990
IAC Short Inverse 0.0428 0.0609 0.6200 -0.0010 0.0221 0.222

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IAC CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
IAC EXTREMELY INVERSE
0.5 1.699 0.749 0.303 0.178 0.123 0.093 0.074 0.062 0.053 0.046
1.0 3.398 1.498 0.606 0.356 0.246 0.186 0.149 0.124 0.106 0.093
2.0 6.796 2.997 1.212 0.711 0.491 0.372 0.298 0.248 0.212 0.185
4.0 13.591 5.993 2.423 1.422 0.983 0.744 0.595 0.495 0.424 0.370
6.0 20.387 8.990 3.635 2.133 1.474 1.115 0.893 0.743 0.636 0.556
8.0 27.183 11.987 4.846 2.844 1.966 1.487 1.191 0.991 0.848 0.741
10.0 33.979 14.983 6.058 3.555 2.457 1.859 1.488 1.239 1.060 0.926
IAC VERY INVERSE
0.5 1.451 0.656 0.269 0.172 0.133 0.113 0.101 0.093 0.087 0.083
1.0 2.901 1.312 0.537 0.343 0.266 0.227 0.202 0.186 0.174 0.165
2.0 5.802 2.624 1.075 0.687 0.533 0.453 0.405 0.372 0.349 0.331
4.0 11.605 5.248 2.150 1.374 1.065 0.906 0.810 0.745 0.698 0.662
6.0 17.407 7.872 3.225 2.061 1.598 1.359 1.215 1.117 1.046 0.992
8.0 23.209 10.497 4.299 2.747 2.131 1.813 1.620 1.490 1.395 1.323
10.0 29.012 13.121 5.374 3.434 2.663 2.266 2.025 1.862 1.744 1.654
IAC INVERSE
0.5 0.578 0.375 0.266 0.221 0.196 0.180 0.618 0.160 0.154 0.148
1.0 1.155 0.749 0.532 0.443 0.392 0.360 0.337 0.320 0.307 0.297
2.0 2.310 1.499 1.064 0.885 0.784 0.719 0.674 0.640 0.614 0.594
4.0 4.621 2.997 2.128 1.770 1.569 1.439 1.348 1.280 1.229 1.188
6.0 6.931 4.496 3.192 2.656 2.353 2.158 2.022 1.921 1.843 1.781
8.0 9.242 5.995 4.256 3.541 3.138 2.878 2.695 2.561 2.457 2.375
10.0 11.552 7.494 5.320 4.426 3.922 3.597 3.369 3.201 3.072 2.969
IAC SHORT INVERSE
0.5 0.072 0.047 0.035 0.031 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.025
1.0 0.143 0.095 0.070 0.061 0.057 0.054 0.052 0.051 0.050 0.049
2.0 0.286 0.190 0.140 0.123 0.114 0.108 0.105 0.102 0.100 0.099
4.0 0.573 0.379 0.279 0.245 0.228 0.217 0.210 0.204 0.200 0.197
6.0 0.859 0.569 0.419 0.368 0.341 0.325 0.314 0.307 0.301 0.296
8.0 1.145 0.759 0.559 0.490 0.455 0.434 0.419 0.409 0.401 0.394
10.0 1.431 0.948 0.699 0.613 0.569 0.542 0.524 0.511 0.501 0.493

I2T CURVES

The curves for the I2t are derived from the formula:

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Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)

I2T CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
0.05 2.22 1.25 0.55 0.31 0.20 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05
0.10 4.44 2.50 1.11 0.63 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.10
1.00 44.44 25.00 11.11 6.25 4.00 2.78 2.04 1.56 1.23 1.00
10.00 444.44 250.00 111.11 62.50 40.00 27.78 20.41 15.63 123.5 10.00
100.00 4444.44 2500.00 1111.1 625.00 400.00 277.78 204.08 156.25 123.46 100.00
600.00 26666.7 15000.0 6666.7 3750.0 2400.0 1666.7 1224.5 937.50 740.74 600.00

I4T CURVES

The curves for the I4t are derived from the formula:

Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)

I4T CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)
1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
0.05 0.9876 0.3125 0.0617 0.0198 0.0008 0.0038 0.0021 0.0012 0.0007 0.0005

0.10 1.9753 0.6250 0.1235 0.0391 0.0160 0.0077 0.0042 0.0024 0.0015 0.0010
1.00 19.753 6.250 1.235 0.391 0.160 0.077 0.042 0.024 0.015 0.010
10.00 197.531 62.500 12.346 3.906 1.600 0.772 0.416 0.244 0.152 0.100

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TDM CURRENT (I/Ipickup)

1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
100.00 1975.31 625.00 123.46 39.06 16.00 7.72 4.16 2.44 1.52 1.00
600.00 11851.9 3750.0 740.7 234.4 96.00 46.3 25.0 14.65 9.14 6.00

RI (RAPID INVERSE) CHARACTERISTIC

The RI operate curve is represented by the following equation

where:
● T is the operating time
● k(RI) is the Time Multiplier setting.
● I = input current,
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting

Note:
When using RI for the Operate characteristic, DT (Definite Time) is always used for the Reset characteristic.

RI CURVE TRIP TIMES (IN SECONDS)

MULTIPLIER CURRENT (I/Ipickup)

(k(RI)) 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
0.1 0.550 0.452 0.384 0.357 0.343 0.334 0.328 0.323 0.320 0.317
0.2 1.101 0.905 0.768 0.714 0.685 0.667 0.655 0.646 0.639 0.634
0.4 2.202 1.810 1.536 1.429 1.371 1.335 1.310 1.292 1.279 1.268
0.6 3.303 2.715 2.305 2.143 2.056 2.002 1.965 1.939 1.918 1.902
0.8 4.404 3.620 3.073 2.857 2.742 2.670 2.620 2.585 2.558 2.536
1.0 5.505 4.525 3.841 3.571 3.427 3.337 3.276 3.231 3.197 3.171

IDG CURVE
The IDG curve is commonly used for time delayed neutral/ground fault protection in the Swedish market. The IDG
curve is represented by the following equation:
T = 5.8 - 1.35 x loge (I/Ipickup)
where:
● T is the operating time
● I = input current,
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting.

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The IDG Is setting is set as a multiple of the Ground/Neutral overcurrent setting Ipickup for the IDG curve. It
determines the actual current threshold at which the element starts.
The IDG Time setting sets the minimum operate time at high levels of fault current for IDG curves.

Note:
When using IDG for the Operate characteristic, DT (Definite Time) with a value of zero is recommended to use for the Reset
characteristic.

Figure 127: IDG Characteristic

EPATR B CURVE
The EPATR B curve is commonly used for Sensitive Earth Fault protection. It is based on primary current settings,
employing a SEF CT ratio of 100:1 A. The EPATR_B curve has 3 separate segments defined in terms of the primary
current. It is defined as follows:
Segment Primary Current Range Based on 100A: Current/Time Characteristic
1A CT Ratio

1 ISEF = 0.5A to 6.0A t = 432 X TMS / ISEF0.655 sec

2 ISEF = 6.0A to 200A t = 800xTMS / ISEF sec

3 ISEF > 200A t = 4 x TMS sec

where TMS (time multiplier setting) is 0.025 - 1.2 in steps of 0.025.

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Note:
When using EPATR B curve, DT (Definite Time) is always used for the Reset characteristic.

Figure 128: EPATR B characteristic shown for TMS = 1.0

FLEXCURVES
The custom FlexCurves are described in detail in the FlexCurves section of this chapter. The curve shapes for the
FlexCurves are derived from the formulae:
T = TDM x [FlexCurveTime at (I/Ipickup)] when (I/Ipickup) ³ 1.00
TRESET = TDM x [FlexCurveTime at (I/Ipickup)] when (I/Ipickup) £ 0.98
Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds),
● TDM = Multiplier setting,
● I = input current,
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting,
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is timed)

Note:
Flexcurve A/B/C/D is renamed as Def User Curve A/B/C/D

DEFINITE TIME CURVES

The Definite Time curve shape operates as soon as the pickup level is exceeded for a specified period of time. The
base Definite Time curve delay is in seconds. The curve multiplier of 0.05 to 600 makes this delay adjustable from
50 to 600000 milliseconds.
T = TDM in seconds, when I > Ipickup

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Treset = TDM in seconds

Where:
● T = operate time (in seconds)
● TDM = Multiplier setting
● I = input current
● Ipickup = Pickup Current setting
● TRESET = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is Timed)

Note:
Note: In Definite Time Curves, Multiplier setting value is provided by ‘Time Delay’ setting.

9.2.3.2 PERCENT OF LOAD-TO-TRIP

The Percent of Load-to-Trip is calculated from the phase with the highest current reading. It is the ratio of this
current to the lowest PICKUP setting among the phase time and the instantaneous overcurrent elements. If all of
these elements are disabled, the value displayed is 0.

9.2.3.3 PHASE TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (51P)

You can configure the TOC element as follows:
● Apply any of the IEEE, ANSI, IEC, and IAC standard inverse curves
● Apply any of the four FlexCurves
● Set it to definite time.
The selection of Time Dial Multiplier and minimum Pickup helps to fine tune the protection for accurate upstream/
downstream coordination and during certain conditions, such as manual closing and maintenance.
The settings of this function are applied to each of the three phases to produce Pickup and Trip flags per phase.
There is no intentional dead band when the current is above the Pickup level. However the Pickup accuracy is
guaranteed within the current input accuracy of 1.5% above the set pickup value. The time overcurrent (TOC)
Pickup flag is asserted, when the current on any phase is above the pickup value. The TOC Trip flag is asserted if
the element stays picked up for the time defined by the selected inverse curve and the magnitude of the current.
The element drops from Pickup without operating if the measured current drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup
value before the time for operation is reached. When Definite Time is selected, the time for TOC operation is
defined only by the TDM setting. When in Definite Time mode, TDM sets the time to operate in seconds.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Phase TOC > Phase TOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Latched Trip, Configurable
Default: Disabled

INPUT
Range: Phasor, RMS
Default: Phasor
This selection defines the method of processing of the current signal. It could be Root Mean Square (RMS) or
Fundamental Phasor Magnitude.

PICKUP
Range: 0.020 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT

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Default: 1.000 x CT

CURVE
Range: Definite Time, IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, IEC Curve C, IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse,
Rectifier,SI(1.3s), BPN EDF, IEEE Mod Inverse, IEEE Very Inverse, IEEE Extr. Inverse, US Inverse, US ST
Inverse, ANSI Extr. Inverse, ANSI Very Inverse, ANSI Norm Inverse, ANSI Mod Inverse, IAC Extr. Inverse, IAC
Very Inverse, IAC Inverse, IAC Short Inverse, I2t, I4t, Rapid Inverse, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C,
FlexCurve D.
Default: IEEE Mod Inverse
This setting sets the shape of the selected over-current inverse curve. If none of the standard curve shapes is
appropriate, a FlexCurve can be created. Refer to the User curve and the FlexCurve setup for more details on
their configurations and usage.

TDM
Range: 0.01 to 28800.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Curve A/B/C, IEEE M/V/E Inverse, US
Inverse, US Short Time, ANSI E/V/N/M Inverse, IAC E/V/N/S Inverse, I2T and I4T curves. For example, if an
IEEE Extremely Inverse curve is selected with TDM = 2, and the fault current is 5 times bigger than the PKP
level, the operation of the element will not occur before 2.59 s have elapsed after Pickup.

TMS
Range: 0.025 to 1.200 in steps of 0.005
Default: 1.00
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse, Rectifier,
Standard Inverse SI(1.3s), and BPN EDF curves.

K (RI)
Range: 0.10 to 10.00 in steps of 0.05
Default: 1.00
This setting defines the Time multiplier constant to adjust the operate time of the Rapid Inverse (RI) curve.
This k(RI) setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as
Rapid Inverse.

TIME DELAY
Range: 0.000 s to 28800.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000
This setting defines the time delay for operation. This Time Delay setting can be made visible from setting
management, only when the Curve setting is selected as Definite Time.

DT ADDER
Range: 0.00 to 100.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.00
This setting adds an additional fixed time delay to the IDMT Operate characteristic.The DT Adder setting will be
visible for when any IDMT curves are selected under the Curve setting.

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RESET
Range: DT, Inverse
Default: DT
Selection of a Definite Time (DT) or Inverse reset time is provided using this setting.
If Definite Time (DT) reset is selected, the Phase TOC element will reset after a time delay provided by the
Reset Time setting. If Inverse reset is selected, the time to reset is calculated based on the reset equation for
the selected inverse curve.
Note: When using IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, Rapid Inverse curves for the
Operate characteristic, Definite Time is used by default as Reset characteristic.

RESET TIME
Range: 0.000 to 28800.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.000
This setting provides selection for dropout time delay used to delay the dropout of the detection of the
overcurrent condition.
This can be made visible from setting management when the Reset setting is selected as DT or when using
Long Time Inverse, IEC Short Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, and Rapid Inverse curves.

DIRECTION
Range: Disabled, Forward (Ph Dir OCx FWD), Reverse (Ph Dir OCx REV)
Default: Disabled
This setting determines the direction of Phase TOC element.

V DEP OC
Range: Disabled, VCO, VRO
Default: Disabled
V Dep OC (Voltage Dependent Overcurrent) replaces the legacy Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (VRO) function
by adding Voltage Controlled Overcurrent functionality to it. This setting can now select Disabled, VCO or VRO.
When enabled, this feature controls the Pickup value of each individual Phase Time Overcurrent element in a
fixed relationship with its corresponding phase input voltage.
An overcurrent protection scheme is co-ordinated throughout a system such that cascaded operation is
achieved. This means that if for some reason a downstream circuit breaker fails to trip for a fault condition, the
next upstream circuit breaker should trip.
If the current seen by a local device for a remote fault condition is below its overcurrent setting, a voltage
dependent element may be used to increase the sensitivity to such faults. As a reduction in system voltage will
occur during overcurrent conditions, this may be used to enhance the sensitivity of the overcurrent protection by
reducing the pick-up level.
If cold load pickup, autoreclosing, or manual close blocking features are controlling the protection, the Phase
TOC Voltage Restraint does not work, even when enabled.
In Voltage Controlled Operation (VCO) mode of operation, the under-voltage detector is used to produce a step
change in the current setting, when the voltage falls below the voltage setting V Dep OC V<1. The operating
characteristic of the current setting when voltage-controlled mode is selected is as follows:

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Current
Setting

Current Pickup Setting

K x Current Pickup Setting

V Dep OC V1 Measured Voltage

Figure 129: VCO operation

Current
Setting

Current Pickup Setting

K x Current Pickup Setting

V Dep OC V2 V Dep OC V1 Measured Voltage

Figure 130: VRO operation

VT INPUT
Range: Dependent upon the order code
Default: Ph VT Bank 1-J2
This setting provides the selection for the voltage input bank, when V Dep OC is enabled.

V Dep OC V1
Range: 0.01 to 1.20 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.72 x VT
This setting sets the voltage V1 threshold at which the current setting of the overcurrent stage becomes reduced.
This is on a per phase basis.

V Dep OC k
Range: 0.10 to 1.00 in steps of 0.05
Default: 0.25
This setting determines the Overcurrent multiplier factor used to reduce the pick-up overcurrent setting.

V Dep OC V2
Range: 0.01 to 1.2 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.54 x VT

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This setting sets the voltage V2 threshold at which the current setting of the overcurrent stage becomes reduced.
This is on a per phase basis.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP To operate Output Relay

AND
1(TRIP)
Configurable in 845 & 859

OR
S

AND
LATCH
R
LED: ALARM

AND
SETPOINT
I>[X] FUNCTION: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
Any Alarm
Disabled

AND
Trip S
Latched Trip LATCH SETPOINT
SETPOINTS

OR
Alarm Command R Output Relay X
Latched Alarm I>[X] CURRENT SET: RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
Configurable FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
I>[X] CURVE:

OR
PTOC I>[X] Trip
SETPOINTS
I>[X] DIRECTION: I>[X] TMS:

Non-Directional
I>[X] TIME DIAL:
Forward
AND

Reverse I>[X] k (RI):

FlexLogic Operands

AND
OR

I>[X] TIME DELAY:

Ph A Reverse (from Phase PTOC I>[X] Trip A
AND

Directional OC element)
I>[X] DT ADDER:
PTOC I>[X] Trip B
Ph B Reverse (from Phase AND
Directional OC element) Same Logic as for Phase A I>[X] RESET CHAR:
PTOC I>[X] Trip C

I>[X] tRESET: PTOC I>[X] Trip

Ph C Reverse (from Phase Same Logic as for Phase A
AND

Directional OC element) RUN Ia > CURRENT SET

SETPOINTS

OR
I>[X] INHIBIT: SETPOINTS
Adjust PKP
Off=0 I>[X] Rly OP[1-11]
RUN Ib > CURRENT SET Do Not Operate, Operate

USED ONLY IN 845

SETPOINTS SETPOINTS Adjust PKP

SIGNAL
INPUT:
Phase Currents INPUT: RUN Ic > CURRENT SET LED: PICKUP
Phase A current (Ia)
Phase B current (Ib) CT Bank 1 – J1 Phasor, RMS

OR
Phase C current (Ic)

From Cold Load Pickup Adjust PKP FlexLogic Operands

TOC Pickup Raise
PTOC I>[X] Start
OR

From Autoreclose
TOC Pickup Raise SETPOINT
PTOC I>[X] Start A
From Manual Close Blocking I>[X] CURRENT SET :
AND

TOC Pickup Raise

I>[X] V Dep OC k PTOC I>[X] Start B

I>[X] V Dep OC V<1 PTOC I>[X] Start C

SETPOINT
I>[X] V DEP OC: I>[X] V Dep OC V<2

Disable RUN

VCO
VRO
Calculate VCO/VRO
Multiplier
Phase Voltages
Phase A Voltage (Va)
Phase B Voltage (Vb)
Phase C Voltage (Vc)
✄ ✁✂✁ ☎✂

Figure 131: Phase Time Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.4 PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (50P)

The PIOC protection consists of three identical instantaneous overcurrent elements, one for each phase. All three
have identical characteristics. The settings of this function are applied to each of the three phases to produce
Pickup and Trip flags per phase. There is no intentional dead band when the current is above the Pickup level.
However the Pickup accuracy is guaranteed within the current input accuracy of 3% above the set pickup value.
The IOC Pickup flag is asserted, when the current of any phase is above the pickup value. The IOC Operate flag is
asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined in PH IOC PKP DELAY. The element drops from
Pickup without operating if the measured current drops below 97-98% of the Pickup value before the time for
operation is reached.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group1(6) > Current > Phase IOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 9 - Protection

INPUT
Range: Phasor, RMS
Default: Phasor

PICKUP
Range: 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT

DIRECTION
Range: Disabled, Forward (Ph Dir OCx FWD), Reverse (Ph Dir OCx REV)
Default: Disabled

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 28800.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 28800.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output Relay

AND
1(TRIP)
Configurable in 845 & 859

OR
S

AND
SETPOINT LATCH

FUNCTION: R
LED: ALARM

AND
Disabled
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Trip

OR
Any Alarm
Latched Trip

AND
S
OR
Alarm
Latched Alarm LATCH SETPOINT
Configurable Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINTS

OR
Phase IOC 1 OP
DIRECTION:
Disabled
SETPOINTS
Forward
AND

Reverse PICKUP:

AND
OR

RUN
SETPOINTS
AND

Ph A Reverse (from Phase

Directional OC element) Ia > PICKUP PICKUP DELAY:

DROPOUT DELAY:
Ph B Reverse (from Phase Same Logic as for Phase A
Directional OC element)
tPKP
AND

RUN tRST
Ph C Reverse (from Phase
Same Logic as for Phase A
Directional OC element) tPKP

OR
Ib > PICKUP
tRST
SETPOINTS tPKP
BLOCK tRST
AND

RUN FlexLogic Operands

Off = 0
Phase IOC 1 OP A
Ic > PICKUP
From Cold Load Pickup Phase IOC 1 OP B
OR

From Autoreclose Phase IOC 1 OP C

(per shot settings)

From Manual Close Blocking

LED: PICKUP

USED ONLY IN 850

SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS

OR
Phase Currents INPUT:
SIGNAL INPUT:
Phase A current (Ia)
FlexLogic Operands
Phase B current (Ib) Phasor, RMS
CT Bank 1 - J1
Phase IOC 1 PKP
Phase C current (Ic)
Phase IOC 1 PKP A
USED ONLY IN 845/889
Phase IOC 1 PKP B
✁✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟✠✡☛
Phase IOC 1 PKP C

Figure 132: Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent logic diagram

9.2.3.5 PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (67P)

The Phase Directional Overcurrent protection elements (one for each of phases A, B, and C) determine the phase
current flow direction for steady state and fault conditions and can be used to control the operation of the phase
overcurrent elements by sending directional bits to inputs of these elements.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 133: Phasors for phase A polarization

The element is intended to send a directional signal to an overcurrent element to prevent an operation when current
is flowing in a particular direction. The direction of current flow is determined by measuring the phase angle
between the current from the phase CTs and the line-line voltage from the VTs, based on the 90° or quadrature
connection. To increase security for three phase faults very close to the VTs used to measure the polarizing voltage,
a voltage memory feature is incorporated. This feature remembers the measurement of the polarizing voltage 3
cycles back and uses it to determine direction. The voltage memory remains valid for one second after the voltage
has collapsed.
The main component of the phase directional element is the phase angle comparator with two inputs: the operating
signal (phase current) and the polarizing signal (the line voltage, shifted in the leading direction by the characteristic
angle, ECA).
The following table shows the operating and polarizing signals used for phase directional control:
POLARIZING SIGNAL (Vpol)
Operating
Phase VT-Phase-Rotation: ABC VT-Phase-Rotation: ABC VT-Phase-Rotation: ACB VT-Phase-Rotation: ACB
signal
CT-Phase-Rotation: ABC CT-Phase-Rotation: ACB CT-Phase-Rotation: ABC CT-Phase-Rotation: ACB
A Angle of Ia Angle of Vbc × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vbc × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vcb × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vcb × (1ÐECA)
B Angle of Ib Angle of Vca × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vab × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vba × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vac × (1ÐECA)
C Angle of Ic Angle of Vab × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vca × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vac × (1ÐECA) Angle of Vba × (1ÐECA)

Note:
For 850D dual feeder applications, when the signal input is from CT Bank 1 – J1, VT Bank 1-J2 is used as the polarizing
voltage source. Similarly, when the signal input is from CT Bank 2 – K1, VT Bank 2 – K2 is used as the polarizing voltage
source.

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Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group1(6) > Current > Phase Dir OC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

ECA
Range: 0° to 359° in steps of 1°
Default: 30°
The setting is used to select the element characteristic angle, i.e. the angle by which the polarizing voltage is
shifted in the leading direction to achieve dependable operation.

POLARIZING V THRESHOLD
Range: 0.015 to 3.000 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Default: 0.700 x VT
The setting is used to establish the minimum level of voltage for which the phase angle measurement is reliable.
The setting is based on VT accuracy.

REV WHEN V MEM EXP

Range: No, Yes
Default: No
The setting is used to select the required operation upon expiration of voltage memory. When set to “Yes” the
directional element output value is forced to Reverse when voltage memory expires; when set to “No” the
directional element is Forward when voltage memory expires.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

Note:
The Phase Directional element responds to the forward load current. In the case of a following reverse fault, the element
needs some time – in the order of 8 ms – to change the directional signal. Some protection elements such as Instantaneous
Overcurrent may respond to reverse faults before the directional signal has changed. A coordination time of at least 10 ms
must therefore be added to all the instantaneous protection elements under the supervision of the Phase Directional element.
If current reversal is a concern, a longer delay – in the order of 20 ms – is needed.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

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Figure 134: Phase Directional Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.6 NEUTRAL TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (51N)

The relay computes the neutral current (In) using the following formula:
|In|=|Ia+Ib+Ic|
The settings of this function are applied to the neutral current to produce Trip or Pickup flags. The Neutral TOC
Pickup flag is asserted when the neutral current is above the pickup value. The Neutral TOC Trip flag is asserted if
the element stays picked up for the time defined by the selected inverse curve and the magnitude of the current.
The element drops from Pickup without operation if the measured current drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup
value before the time for operation is reached. When Definite Time is selected, the time for Neutral TOC operation
is defined only by the TDM setting.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Neutral TOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

INPUT
Range: Phasor, RMS
Default: Phasor
This selection defines the method of processing of the current signal. It could be Root Mean Square (RMS) or
Fundamental Phasor Magnitude.

PICKUP
Range: 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.200 x CT

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CURVE
Range: Range: Definite Time, IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, IEC Curve C, IEC Short Inverse ,Long Time Inverse,
Rectifier, SI(1.3s), BPN EDF, IEEE Mod Inverse, IEEE Very Inverse, IEEE Extr. Inverse, US Inverse, US ST
Inverse, ANSI Extr. Inverse, ANSI Very Inverse, ANSI Norm Inverse, ANSI Mod Inverse, IAC Extr. Inverse, IAC
Very Inverse, IAC Inverse, IAC Short Inverse, I2t, I4t, Rapid Inverse, IDG, EPATR B, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B,
FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D.
Default: IEEE Mod Inverse
This setting sets the shape of the selected over-current inverse curve. If none of the standard curve shapes is
appropriate, a FlexCurve can be created. Refer to the User curve and the FlexCurve setup for more details on
their configurations and usage.

TDM
Range: 0.01 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Curve A/B/C, IEEE M/V/E Inverse, US
Inverse, US Short Time, ANSI E/V/N/M Inverse, IAC E/V/N/S Inverse, I2T and I4T curves.

TMS
Range: 0.025 to 1.200 in steps of 0.005
Default: 1.000
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse, Rectifier,
Standard Inverse SI(1.3s), BPN EDF and EPATR B curves.

K (RI)
Range: 0.10 to 10.00 Step: 0.05
Default: 1.00
This setting defines the Time multiplier constant to adjust the operate time of the Rapid Inverse (RI) curve.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when Curve setting is selected as Rapid
Inverse.

IDG Is
Range: 1.0 to 4.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 1.5
This setting is set as a multiple of the ground fault overcurrent setting for the IDG curve.
It determines the actual current threshold at which the element starts.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as IDG.

IDG Time
Range: 1.00 to 2.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.20
This setting sets the minimum operate time at high levels of fault current for IDG curves.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as IDG.

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Time Delay
Range: 0.000 s to 200.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000
This setting defines the time delay for operation.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as DT
(Definite Time).

DT Adder
Range: 0.00 to 100.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.00
This setting adds an additional fixed time delay to the IDMT Operate characteristic.
This setting will be visible for when any IDMT curves are selected under the Curve setting.

RESET
Range: DT, Inverse
Default: DT
This setting sets a Definite Time (DT) or Inverse reset time.
If Definite Time (DT) reset is selected, the Neutral TOC element will reset after a time delay provided by the
Reset Time setting. If Inverse reset is selected, the time to reset is calculated based on the reset equation for
the selected inverse curve.
When using Long Time Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, IEC Short Inverse, Rapid Inverse, IDG, EPATR B curves the
reset is always definite time defined by the setpoint Reset Time.

Reset Time
Range: 0.000 to 100.000 s in stepos of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000s
This setting determines the Reset time for the Definite Time Reset characteristic.
This can be made visible from setting management when the Reset setting is selected as DT or when using
Long Time Inverse, IEC Short Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, IDG, EPATR B and Rapid Inverse curves.

DIRECTION
Range: Disabled, Forward (Ntrl Dir OCx FWD), Reverse (Ntrl Dir OCx REV)
Default: Disabled

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled

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Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
SETPOINT
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output Relay

AND
FUNCTION:
1(TRIP)
Disabled Configurable in 845 & 859

OR
Trip
S

AND
Latched Trip
LATCH
OR

Alarm
Latched Alarm
R
LED: ALARM

AND
Configurable
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
SETPOINTS Any Alarm

AND
PICKUP: S
LATCH SETPOINT
CURVE:
Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
TDM:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
RESET: Ntrl TOC 1 OP

SETPOINTS DIRECTION:
AND

BLOCK: RUN In > PICKUP

Off = 0

Adjust PKP LED: PICKUP

SETPOINTS SETPOINTS
Calculated as a sum of SIGNAL
INPUT: FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
phase currents INPUT:
Ntrl TOC 1 PKP
Neutral current (In) CT Bank 1 – J1 Phasor, RMS

USED ONLY IN 845/889

From Cold Load Pickup

From Autoreclose
(per shot settings)

From Manual Close Blocking

USED ONLY IN 850

✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡☛☞

Figure 135: Neutral Time Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.7 NEUTRAL INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (50N)

The Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent protection element computes the neutral current (In) using the following
formula:
|In| = |Ia + Ib + Ic|
The element responds to the magnitude of a neutral current fundamental frequency phasor calculated from the
phase currents. A positive-sequence restraint is applied for better performance. A small portion (6.25%) of the
positive-sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the zero-sequence current magnitude when forming the
operating quantity of the element as follows:
Iop = 3 * (|I_0| - K * |I_1|) where K = 1/16 and |I_0| = 1/3 * |In|
The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious zero-sequence
currents resulting from:
● system unbalances under heavy load conditions
● current transformer (CT) transformation errors of during double-line and three-phase faults
● switch-off transients during double-line and three-phase faults
The positive-sequence restraint must be considered when testing for Pickup accuracy and response time (multiple
of Pickup). The operating quantity depends on how test currents are injected into the relay (single-phase injection:
Iop = 0.9375 * I_injected three-phase pure zero sequence injection: Iop = 3 * I_injected).
The settings of this function are applied to the neutral current to produce Pickup and Trip flags. The Neutral IOC
Pickup flag is asserted, when the neutral current is above the pickup value. The Neutral IOC Operate flag is
asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined by the Neutral IOC PICKUP DELAY setting. If the

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Pickup time delay is set to 0.000 seconds, the Pickup and Operate flags are asserted at the same time. The
element drops from Pickup without operation if the neutral current drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Neutral IOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

PICKUP
Range: 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default (FW 4.10): 0.20 x CT

DIRECTION
Range: Disabled, Forward (Ntrl Dir OCx FWD), Reverse (Ntrl Dir OCx REV)
Default: Disabled

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 9 - Protection

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
SETPOINT
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output Relay

AND
FUNCTION:
1(TRIP)
Disabled Configurable in 845 & 859

OR
Trip
S

AND
Latched Trip
LATCH

OR
Alarm
Latched Alarm
R
LED: ALARM

AND
Configurable
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
Any Alarm

AND
S
LATCH SETPOINT
Command R Output Relay X
ACTUAL VALUE
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS NEUTRAL IOC1 Iop FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
PICKUP: Ntrl IOC1 OP
SETPOINTS
DIRECTION:
SETPOINTS PICKUP DELAY:
AND
RUN
BLOCK:
DROPOUT DELAY:
Off = 0 Iop = 3 * (|I_0| - K * |I_1|)

Iop > PICKUP tPKP

tRST
From Cold Load Pickup
OR

From Autoreclose
(per shot settings) LED: PICKUP

From Manual Close Blocking FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS

Ntrl IOC1 PKP
USED ONLY IN 850

SETPOINTS

SIGNAL INPUT
Neutral IOC source

I_0 and I_1 CT Bank 1 - J1 Phasor

USED ONLY IN 845/889 ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡☛☞

Figure 136: Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.8 NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (67N)

Note:
For FW 4.10 onwards, V_X (or VX), is know as V_N (or VN)

The Neutral Directional Overcurrent protection element provides both forward and reverse fault direction indications
shown by the operands Ntrl Dir OC FWD and Ntrl Dir OC REV, respectively. The output operands are asserted if the
magnitude of the operating current is above a Pickup level (overcurrent unit) and the fault direction is seen as
forward or reverse, respectively (directional unit).
The overcurrent unit responds to the magnitude of a fundamental frequency phasor of the neutral current calculated
from the phase currents. There are separate Pickup settings for the forward-looking and reverse-looking functions.
The element applies a positive-sequence restraint for better performance; a small user-programmable portion of the
positive-sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the zero sequence current magnitude when forming the
operating quantity.
Iop = 3 * (|I_0| - K * |I_1|)
The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious zero-sequence
currents resulting from:
● system unbalances under heavy load conditions
● current transformer (CT) transformation errors of during double-line and three-phase faults
● switch-off transients during double-line and three-phase faults.
The positive-sequence restraint must be considered when testing for Pickup accuracy and response time (multiple
of Pickup). The operating quantity depends on the way the test currents are injected into the relay (single-phase
injection: Iop = (1 – K) × Iinjected ; three-phase pure zero-sequence injection: Iop = 3 × Iinjected).

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Chapter 9 - Protection

The positive-sequence restraint is removed for low currents. If the positive-sequence current is below 0.8 x CT, the
restraint is removed by changing the constant K to zero. This facilitates better response to high-resistance faults
when the unbalance is very small and there is no danger of excessive CT errors as the current is low.
The directional unit uses the zero-sequence current (I_0) for fault direction discrimination and may be configured to
use either zero-sequence voltage, ground current, or both for polarizing. The following table defines the neutral
directional overcurrent element.
Directional unit Overcurrent unit
Polarizing mode Direction Compared phasors
Voltage Forward -V_0 1_0 x 1ÐECA Iop = 3 x {|I_0| - K x |
I_1|}
Reverse -V_0 -1_0 x 1ÐECA
If |I_1| > 0.8 x CT
Current Forward Ig I_0
Reverse Ig -I_0 Iop = 3 x {|I_0|}
Dual Forward -V_0 or I_0 x 1ÐECA or if |I_1| £0.8 x CT

Ig I_0
Reverse -V_0 or -I_0 x 1ÐECA or
Ig -I_0
Where:
● V_0 = 1/3 * (Vag + Vbg + Vcg) = zero sequence voltage
● I_0 = 1/3 * In = 1/3 * (Ia + Ib + Ic) = zero sequence current
● ECA = element characteristic angle
● In = neutral current
When POLARIZING VOLTAGE is set to Measured VX, one-third of this voltage is used in place of V0.
The following figure explains the use of the voltage polarized directional unit of the element by showing the voltage-
polarized phase angle comparator characteristics for a phase A to ground fault, with:
● ECA = 90° (element characteristic angle = centerline of operating characteristic)
● FWD LA = 80° (forward limit angle = the ± angular limit with the ECA for operation
● REV LA = 80° (reverse limit angle = the ± angular limit with the ECA for operation).
The element incorporates a current reversal logic: if the reverse direction is indicated for at least 1.25 of a power
system cycle, the prospective forward indication will be delayed by 1.5 of a power system cycle. The element is
designed to emulate an electromechanical directional device. Larger operating and polarizing signals will result in
faster directional discrimination bringing more security to element operation.
The forward-looking function is designed to be more secure as compared to the reverse-looking function, and
should therefore be used for the tripping direction. The reverse-looking function is designed to be faster as
compared to the forward-looking function and should be used for the blocking direction. This allows better protection
coordination.
The above bias should be taken into account when using the Neutral Directional Overcurrent element to
directionalize other protection elements.

Note:
For relays ordered without voltage inputs, the polarizing signal for the Neutral Directional OC element is the ground current
(Ig) from the bank selected as Signal Input in the element’s menu. In this case the setpoints POLARIZING MODE, and
POLARIZING VOLTAGE are not displayed.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

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Figure 137: Neutral Directional Voltage-polarized Characteristics

Note:
For 850 Dual Feeder Applications: For Signal Input of CT Bank 1 – J1 >> VT Bank 1 -J2 is considered as Polarizing voltage
source. And, For CT Bank 2 – K1 >> VT Bank 2 – K2 is considered as Polarizing Voltage Source

Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Neutral Directional OC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

POLARIZING MODE
Range: Voltage, Current, Dual
Default: Voltage

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Chapter 9 - Protection

This setting selects the polarizing mode for the directional unit.
If Voltage
○ polarizing mode is selected, the element uses the zero-sequence voltage angle for polarization.
Select either the zero-sequence voltage V0, calculated from the phase voltages, or the zero-sequence
voltage supplied externally as the auxiliary voltage V_X. The calculated V0 can be used as polarizing voltage
only if the voltage transformers are connected in Wye. The auxiliary voltage can be used as the polarizing
voltage if the auxiliary voltage is connected to a zero-sequence voltage source (such as the open delta
connected secondary of VTs). The zero-sequence (V0) or auxiliary voltage (V_X), accordingly, must be
greater than 0.02 x VT to be validated for use as a polarizing signal. If the polarizing signal is invalid, neither
forward nor reverse indication is given.
If Current
○ polarizing mode is selected, the element uses the angle of the ground current measured on the
ground current input. The ground CT must be connected between the ground and neutral point of an
adequate source of ground current. The ground current must be greater than 0.05 x CT to be validated as a
polarizing signal. If the polarizing signal is not valid, neither forward nor reverse indication is given. For a
choice of current polarizing, it is recommended that the polarizing signal be analyzed to ensure that a known
direction is maintained irrespective of the fault location. For example, if using an autotransformer neutral
current as a polarizing source, it should be ensured that a reversal of the ground current does not occur for a
high-side fault. The low-side system impedance should be assumed minimal when checking for this
condition. A similar situation arises for a wye/delta/wye transformer, where current in one transformer winding
neutral may reverse when faults on both sides of the transformer are considered.
If Dual
○ polarizing mode is selected, the element performs both directional comparisons as described above.
A given direction is confirmed if either voltage or current comparators indicate so. If a conflicting
(simultaneous forward and reverse) indication occurs, the forward direction overrides the reverse direction.

POLARIZING VOL SUPV

Range: 0.005 to 0.400 x VT in steps of 0.005 x VT
Default: 0.020 x VT
The zero-sequence or auxiliary voltage must be greater than the polarizing supervision voltage configured in this
setting, to be validated for use as a polarizing signal. If the polarizing signal is invalid, neither forward nor reverse
indication is given.

POS SEQ RESTRAINT

Range: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.063
This setting controls the amount of the positive-sequence restraint. Set to zero to remove the restraint. Set
higher if large system unbalances or poor CT performance are expected.

FORWARD ECA
Range: –180° to 180° in steps of 1°
Default: 75°
This setting defines the element characteristic angle (ECA) for the forward direction in “Voltage” polarizing mode.
“Current” polarizing mode uses a fixed ECA of 0°. The ECA in the reverse direction is the angle set for the
forward direction shifted by 180°.

FORWARD LIMIT ANGLE

Range: 40° to 90° in steps of 1°
Default: 90°
This setting defines a symmetrical (in both directions from the ECA) limit angle for the forward direction.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

FORWARD PICKUP
Range: 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.050 x CT
This setting defines the Pickup level for the overcurrent unit of the element in the forward direction. When
selecting this setting it must be kept in mind that the design uses a ‘positive-sequence restraint’ technique for the
Calculated 3I0 mode of operation.

REVERSE LIMIT ANGLE

Range: 40° to 90° in steps of 1°
Default: 90°
This setting defines a symmetrical (in both directions from the ECA) limit angle for the reverse direction.

REVERSE PICKUP
Range: 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.050 x CT
This setting defines the Pickup level for the overcurrent unit of the element in the reverse direction. When
selecting this setting it must be kept in mind that the design uses a ‘positive-sequence restraint’ technique for the
Calculated 3I0 mode of operation.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 9 - Protection

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✡☛ ✡☞✂✘✎✡✍✂ ✞✎✠✠✂☛✍ ✟☎✁✡✠✝✒✝☛✆ ✌☎✎✠✞✂ ✌✂✍✍✝☛✆
☛✂✎✍✠✡✁ ☞✝✠ ☎✞ ✠✂✑
✟✝✞✔✎✟✏
✶✱ ✟☎✌✝✍✝✑✂ ✌✂✘✎✂☛✞✂ ✠✂✌✍✠✡✝☛✍ ✝✌ ☛☎✍ ✡✟✟✁✝✂☞ ✕✵✂☛
✝✭✳ ✝✌ ✓✂✁☎✕ ★✷✸ ✹ ✞✍ ✡☛☞ ✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞
☛✂✎✍✠✡✁ ☞✝✠ ☎✞
✟☎✌✗✌✂✘ ✠✂✌✍✠✡✝☛✍ ☛✙✚✛ ☞✜✚ ☎✞ ✠✂✑
✠✎☛
✼✰✝✭★ ✗ ✔ ✝✭✳ ✱ ✟✝✞✔✎✟ ●❍■❏❑▲▼■◆❖P◗

Figure 138: Neutral Directional Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.9 GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (51G)

The settings of Ground Time Overcurrent protection element are applied to the ground input current to produce Trip
or Pickup flags. The Ground TOC Pickup flag is asserted when the ground current is above the PKP value. The
Ground TOC Trip flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined by the selected inverse curve
and the magnitude of the current. The element drops from Pickup without operation if the measured current drops
below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value before the time for operation is reached. When Definite Time is selected, the
time for Ground TOC operation is defined only by the TDM setting.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Ground TOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

INPUT
Range: Phasor, RMS
Default: Phasor
This selection defines the method of processing of the current signal. It could be Root Mean Square (RMS) or
Fundamental Phasor Magnitude.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

PICKUP
Range: 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.200 x CT

CURVE
Range: Range: Definite Time, IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, IEC Curve C, IEC Short Inverse ,Long Time Inverse,
Rectifier, SI(1.3s), BPN EDF, IEEE Mod Inverse, IEEE Very Inverse, IEEE Extr. Inverse, US Inverse, US ST
Inverse, ANSI Extr. Inverse, ANSI Very Inverse, ANSI Norm Inverse, ANSI Mod Inverse, IAC Extr. Inverse, IAC
Very Inverse, IAC Inverse, IAC Short Inverse, I2t, I4t, Rapid Inverse, IDG, EPATR B, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B,
FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D.
Default: IEEE, Moderately Inverse

TDM
Range: 0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Curve A/B/C, IEEE M/V/E Inverse, US
Inverse, US Short Time, ANSI E/V/N/M Inverse, IAC E/V/N/S Inverse, I2T and I4T curves.

TMS
Range: 0.025 to 1.200 in steps of 0.005
Default: 1.000
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse, Rectifier,
Standard Inverse SI(1.3s), BPN EDF and EPATR B curves.

K (RI)
Range: 0.10 to 10.00 Step: 0.05
Default: 1.00
This setting defines the Time multiplier constant to adjust the operate time of the Rapid Inverse (RI) curve.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when Curve setting is selected as Rapid
Inverse.

IDG Is
Range: 1.0 to 4.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 1.5
This setting is set as a multiple of the ground fault overcurrent setting for the IDG curve.
It determines the actual current threshold at which the element starts.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as IDG.

IDG TIME
Range: 1.00 to 2.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.20
This setting sets the minimum operate time at high levels of fault current for IDG curves.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as IDG.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

TIME DELAY
Range: 0.000 s to 1200.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000
This setting defines the time delay for operation.
This setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as DT
(Definite Time).

DT ADDER
Range: 0.00 to 100.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.00
This setting adds an additional fixed time delay to the IDMT Operate characteristic.
This setting will be visible for when any IDMT curves are selected under the Curve setting.

RESET
Range: DT, Inverse
Default: DT
This setting sets a Definite Time (DT) or Inverse reset time.
If Definite Time (DT) reset is selected, the Neutral TOC element will reset after a time delay provided by the
Reset Time setting. If Inverse reset is selected, the time to reset is calculated based on the reset equation for
the selected inverse curve.
When using Long Time Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, IEC Short Inverse, Rapid Inverse, IDG, EPATR B curves the
reset is always definite time defined by the setpoint Reset Time.

RESET TIME
Range: 0.000 to 100.000 s in stepos of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000s
This setting determines the Reset time for the Definite Time Reset characteristic.
This can be made visible from setting management when the Reset setting is selected as DT or when using
Long Time Inverse, IEC Short Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, IDG, EPATR B and Rapid Inverse curves.

DIRECTION
Range: Disabled, Forward, Reverse
Default: Disabled

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off or PB 4 OFF (GND TRIP ENABLED), Dependent on order code

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled

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 TARGETS

859-1601-0911
Default: Enabled

Default: Self-reset
Chapter 9 - Protection

LED:
In 845 & 859, operate the selected Trip
TRIP
SETPOINT Output Relay

AND
FUNCTION: Operate Output Relay 1 (TRIP)

OR
Disabled
S FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Trip

AND
LATCH Any Trip
Latched Trip
R
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled

Alarm LED:

OR
ALARM
Latched Alarm

AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Configurable
OR
Any Alarm
SETPOINTS S

AND
PICKUP: LATCH SETPOINT
Command R Output Relay X
CURVE: RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
Direction (from Ground Directional FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TDM:
OC element)
Ground TOC1 OP
OR

Not Applicable in 869 and 859 RESET:

Bridge – P14 only

SETPOINTS DIRECTION:

BLOCK: RUN Ig > PICKUP

AND
Off = 0

LED: PICKUP
SETPOINTS Adjust PKP

Figure 139: Ground Time Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

SETPOINTS FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
SIGNAL
INPUT: INPUT: Ground TOC1 PKP
From Ground CT

Ground current (Ig) CT Bank 1 – J1 Phasor, RMS

USED ONLY IN 845/889

From Cold Load Pickup

From Autoreclose
(per shot settings)

From Manual Close Blocking

USED ONLY IN 845

894121C1

338
Chapter 9 - Protection

9.2.3.10 GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (50G)

The settings of the Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent protection element are applied to the measured Ground
current for producing Pickup and Trip flags. The Ground IOC Pickup flag is asserted when the Ground current is
above the pickup value. The Ground IOC Operate flag is asserted if the element stays picked-up for the time
defined by the Ground IOC PICKUP DELAY setting. If the The Pickup time delay is set to 0.000 seconds. The
Pickup and Operate flags will be asserted at the same time. The element drops from Pickup without operation if the
Ground current drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Ground IOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

PICKUP
Range (up to FW 3.xx): 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Range (from FW 4.10): 0.010 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default (up to FW 3.xx): 1.00 x CT
Default (from FW 4.10): 0.200 x CT

DIRECTION (not used in 859)

Range: Disabled, Forward, Reverse
Default: Disabled

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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Chapter 9 - Protection

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset
LED: TRIP

AND
SETPOINT
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FUNCTION:

OR
Any Trip
Disabled
S

AND
Trip
LATCH
Latched Trip
R
OR

Alarm
LED: ALARM

AND
Latched Alarm
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Configurable

OR
Any Alarm

AND
S
Direction (from Ground Directional LATCH SETPOINT
OC element) SETPOINTS
Command R Output Relay X
PICKUP: SETPOINTS RESET Do Not Operate, Operate

PICKUP DELAY:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINTS DIRECTION:

OR
Ground IOC1 OP
BLOCK:
AND

RUN DROPOUT DELAY:

Off = 0

Ig > PICKUP tPKP

tDPO
From Cold Load Pickup
OR

From Autoreclose
(per shot settings)
LED: PICKUP
From Manual Close Blocking
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
USED ONLY IN 850 Ground IOC1 PKP
SETPOINTS

From Ground CT SIGNAL INPUT:

Ground current (Ig) CT Bank 1 - J1

894119C1.vsdx
USED ONLY IN 845

Figure 140: Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.11 SENSITIVE GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (51SG)

The settings of the Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent protection element are applied to the Sensitive Ground input
current to produce Trip or Pickup flags. The Sensitive Ground TOC Pickup flag is asserted when the Sensitive
Ground current is above the PKP value. The Sensitive Ground TOC Trip flag is asserted if the element stays picked
up for the time defined by the selected inverse curve and the magnitude of the current. The element drops from
Pickup without operation if the measured current drops below 97-98% of the Pickup value before the time for
operation is reached. When Definite Time is selected, the time for Sensitive Ground TOC operation is defined only
by the TDM setting.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Sensitive Ground TOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

INPUT
Range: Phasor, RMS
Default: Phasor
This selection defines the method of processing of the current signal. It can be Root Mean Square (RMS) or
Fundamental Phasor Magnitude.

PICKUP
Range: 0.50 to 15.00 A in steps of 0.01 A
Default: 10.00 A
This setting sets the sensitive ground overcurrent pickup level.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

In the case of 50:0.025 Ground input, the pickup level is specified as Ampere in primary. For example, with a
PKP setting of 10.00 A, when ground current (primary) is 10.00A, the ground input will measure 10.000 A, and
this function should pick up.

CURVE
Range: Definite Time, IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, IEC Curve C, IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse,
Rectifier,SI(1.3s), BPN EDF, IEEE Mod Inverse, IEEE Very Inverse, IEEE Extr. Inverse, US Inverse, US ST
Inverse, ANSI Extr. Inverse, ANSI Very Inverse, ANSI Norm Inverse, ANSI Mod Inverse, IAC Extr. Inverse, IAC
Very Inverse, IAC Inverse, IAC Short Inverse, I2t, I4t, Rapid Inverse, IDG, EPATR B, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B,
FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D.
Default: IEEE Mod Inverse
This setting sets the shape of the selected over-current inverse curve. If none of the standard curve shapes is
appropriate, a FlexCurve can be created. Refer to the User curve and the FlexCurve setup for more details on
their configurations and usage.

TDM
Range: 0.01 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This setting provides the selection for the Time Dial Multiplier by which the times from the inverse curve are
modified. For example if an ANSI Extremely Inverse curve is selected with TDM = 2, and the fault current is 5
times bigger than the PKP level, the operation of the element will occur but not before 2.59s of time has elapsed
from pickup.

TMS
Range: 0.025 to 1.200 in steps of 0.005
Default: 1.00
This is the Time Multiplier Setting to adjust the operate time of IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse, Rectifier,
Standard Inverse SI(1.3s), BPN EDF and EPATR B curves.

K (RI)
Range: 0.10 to 10.00 in steps of 0.05
Default: 1.00
This setting defines the Time multiplier constant to adjust the operate time of the Rapid Inverse (RI) curve.
This k(RI) setting can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is selected as
Rapid Inverse.

IDG Is
Range: 1.0 to 4.0 in steps of 0.1
Default: 1.5
This setting is set as a multiple of the Ground Fault overcurrent setting IDG Is for the IDG curve.
It determines the actual current threshold at which the element starts.

IDG TIME
Range: 1.00 to 2.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.20
This setting sets the minimum operate time at high levels of fault current for IDG curves.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

IDG Is and IDG Time settings can be made visible from setting management, only when the Curve setting is
selected as IDG.

TIME DELAY
Range: 0.000 s to 200.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000
This setting defines the time delay for operation. This Time Delay setting can be made visible from setting
management, only when the Curve setting is selected as DT.

DT ADDER
Range: 0.00 to 100.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.00
This setting adds an additional fixed time delay to the IDMT Operate characteristic.The DT Adder setting will be
visible for when any IDMT curves are selected under the Curve setting.

RESET
Range: DT, Inverse
Default: DT
Selection of a Definite Time (DT) or Inverse reset time is provided using this setting.
If Definite Time (DT) reset is selected, the Phase TOC element will reset after a time delay provided by the
Reset Time setting. If Inverse reset is selected, the time to reset is calculated based on the reset equation for
the selected inverse curve.
Note: When using IEC Short Inverse, Long Time Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, Rapid Inverse curves for the
Operate characteristic, Definite Time is used by default as Reset characteristic.

RESET TIME
Range: 0.000 to 100.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.000
This setting provides selection for dropout time delay used to delay the dropout of the detection of the
overcurrent condition.
This can be made visible from setting management when the Reset setting is selected as DT or when using
Long Time Inverse, IEC Short Inverse, BPN EDF, Rectifier, IDG, EPATR B and Rapid Inverse curves.

DIRECTION
Range: Disabled, Forward, Reverse
Default: Disabled
This setting defines the operation direction of the Sensitive Ground TOC element. Entering the direction for the
Sensitive Ground TOC element does not automatically apply the selection. The direction detection is performed
by the element Sensitive Ground Directional OC, which must be enabled and configured according to the
directionality criteria of the feeder currents.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Sensitive Ground TOC is blocked, when the selected operand is asserted.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
This also sets the events of Sensitive Ground TOC function.

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset
The selection of Self-reset or Latched settings enables the targets of the Sensitive Ground TOC function.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

894039C1
8S: To operate Output
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Do Not Operate, Operate

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Relay 1(TRIP)

SETPOINT

SGnd TOC 1 OP
Any Alarm
Any Trip

SGnd TOC 1 PKP

Output Relay X

LED: PICKUP
LED: ALARM
LED: TRIP
OR

OR OR

LATCH
LATCH

R
S
R
S

AND AND AND AND

Command
RESET

Isg > PICKUP

Time Dail/TMS/Time Delay
SETPOINTS

DIRECTION:
Reset Char

Adjust PKP
PICKUP:

CURVE:

RESET:

RUN

AND
SETPOINTS

Phasor, RMS
INPUT:

OR
Direction (from Sens Ground Directional

From Sensitive Ground CT

From Manual Close Blocking

Input for 859

From Cold Load Pickup

Bridge – P14D only

(per shot settings)

From Autoreclose

Not for 869 & 859

OC element)

Sens Ground current (Isg)

SETPOINTS

Ig (From 50:0.025 CBCT)

SETPOINT

Latched Alarm
Configurable
Latched Trip
FUNCTION:
Disabled

BLOCK:
Off = 0
Alarm
Trip

Figure 141: Sensitive Ground Time Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

9.2.3.12 SENSITIVE GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (50SG)

The settings of the Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent protection element are applied to the measured
Sensitive Ground current for producing Pickup and Trip flags. The Sensitive Ground IOC Pickup flag is asserted
when the Sensitive Ground current is above the Pickup value. The Sensitive Ground IOC Operate flag is asserted if
the element stays picked-up for the time defined by the Sensitive Ground IOC PICKUP DELAY setting. If the Pickup
time delay is set to 0.00 seconds, the Pickup and Operate flags are asserted at the same time. The element drops
from Pickup without operation if the Sensitive Ground current drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Sensitive Ground IOC 1(X)

859-1601-0911 344
Chapter 9 - Protection

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

PICKUP
Range: 0.002 to 3.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
This setting sets the instantaneous Sensitive Ground overcurrent pickup level specified as a multiplier of the
nominal CT current for sensitive CT input. For example, a PKP setting of 0.9 x CT with 300:5 CT translates into
270A primary current.

DIRECTION (not used in 859)

Range: Disabled, Forward, Reverse
Default: Disabled
This setting defines the operation direction of the Sensitive Ground time overcurrent element. Entering the
direction for the Sensitive Ground IOC element, does not automatically apply the selection. The direction
detection is performed by the element Sensitive Ground Directional OC, which must be enabled and configured
according to the directionality criteria of the feeder currents.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s
This setting provides the selection for the pickup time delay used to delay the operation of the protection.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s
This setting provides the selection for the dropout time delay used to delay the dropout of the detection of the
overcurrent condition.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Sensitive Ground IOC is blocked, when the selected operand is asserted.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

859-1601-0911 345
Chapter 9 - Protection

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset
❈❉❇
❆❁❅
❄
✾❃❂
✼
❁✿ ✡➇ ✡➇
❻ ✒✖
✻❀✿ ✚✖ ❝ ✏➆ ✏➆
❀ ❺ ✒✙❢
✺ ☞✡✏ ☛➅✌ ☛➅✌
✼✿ ✉ ✎ ❦✑❣ ✒❹
✖❝
✬
✍ ✳✬ ✍ ✳✳✮
✾✽ ❁t ✍✌
✼✻ ❥✧✫ ✙✒ ✎➄
➃ ❿✭ ✎➄ ❿
✺ t❊❍ ☛☞✡ ❛ ❢
✬ ✍➁ ✤✬
➃
✍➁ ✤✬✭
●❋ ✳★❛ ✚✖✩ ➂☛ ✜ ➂☛ ✜
❊ ✓ ✓
★
✬ ✚❜ ➀➁ ✘✑ ➀➁ ✘✑
✟✠✝✞
✵✶ ☎✆✄
❇❈ ✄✂✂
❁❆ ✁
❍ ✿③
●❋
❊ ⑩❶⑧⑨ ✿✼ ✾③➋
⑤ ⑦ ⑥ ✈ ①②
●

❆❋
③④✾ ❋✈
② ❁
②①
✷✸✹ ✷✸✹ ✷✸✹ ✇

❈
❸❷
❇✇❈
❍
●❋
❊
❾❽
❧❼
☞✡✏ ❦✯❣
✎
✍✌ ❦✯❣ ❥✫❜
☞☛ ❥✫❜
✡ ✳★ ★❛
✳✬✬
✮✭
✧❜ ♥♠
✤✳ ❧♠

✳★
☞✡✏ ✮
✎
✍✌ ✤✳✭
✴
☛☞✡ ✩✯ ✔✥✤
✳★✯ ✤✬❛
✮ ❥✧✭
✤✳✭ ✤❜ ★✩✧

✷✸✹

✵✶
✵✶

❩❖❱ ❭s ❴▼ ✦✥
❏❑❫ ❨❩ ❲❱ ✤✔✣
s ❨❬ ❩❖❱ ✖✓
▲ ❙❚❯❘ ❬❨◆❑ ❬r ❑◆ ❏❑❫
☞✏ ❩❬❨ ◆❨❨ ❙❩ ▼◆ r ✙✙✒✛
✎ ☞✡✏ ❖◗ ❨❚❏ ❨❭ ✢
✍✌ ❳ ▼➊ ✎ ❑P ❭❑❱ ❬❑❭ ❱◗❩ ❯❙❩❚ ❙❪❨❙❭ ✜✓
✙❤❝❡ ❑▲❏➉ ◆❩◗ ✍✌ ◗ ❑◆ ❬❩
☛☞✡ ✩✯ ✲ ✒❡ ♣ ❑◆❖▼ ♦ ❬q ➌ ➍ ✚✛✙
✤✬❛ ✱
✜✒❡ ❣ ✙❝
❞ ❩❙❑ ❭❙❑❚ ☛☞✡ ✯✮ ❑▲❏ ❏❨❲ ▲❑ ❳❨ ✘
✜✒ ✛✕✥ ❭❚ ❨❙❏ ▲❑ ■ ♣ ❏■ ✒✕✗
✲ ❑▲❏
✩✭ ✔✕
❞❝
❢✙✕ ✙❤❡❝ ✐✖✢ ✓✰✚ ❙❏❨➈ ➈ ✬✭✫ ✱✰ ❏■ ■
✖✔✕
★❵ ❜ ❛ ❣ ✫❝ ✭ ✪
✰✬ ✒✓✑

Figure 142: Sensitive Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection logic diagram

859-1601-0911 346
Chapter 9 - Protection

9.2.3.13 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (50_2)

The Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent element may be used to determine and clear unbalance in the
system. The input for computing negative sequence current is the fundamental phasor value. The relay computes
the negative sequence current magnitude |I2| using the following formula:
|I2|=1/3*|Ia+Ib*(1∠240º)+Ic*(1∠120 º)|
The element responds to the negative-sequence current and applies a positive sequence restraint for better
performance: a small portion (12.5%) of the positive sequence current magnitude is subtracted from the negative
sequence current magnitude when forming the operating quantity:
Iop = |I2| - K * |I_1|
where K = 1/8 and |I_1| = 1/3*|Ia+Ib*(1∠120º)+Ic*(1∠240 º)|
The positive sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious negative-sequence
currents resulting from:
● system unbalances under heavy load conditions
● current transformer (CT) transformation errors during three-phase faults
● fault inception and switch-off transients during three-phase faults.
The positive sequence restraint must be considered when testing for Pickup accuracy and response time (multiple
of Pickup). The operating quantity depends on the way the test currents are injected into the relay (single-phase
injection: Iop = 0.2917 * I_injected; three-phase injection, opposite rotation: Iop = I_injected).
The settings of this function are applied to the calculated negative sequence current to produce Pickup and Trip
flags. The Negative Sequence IOC Pickup flag is asserted, when the negative sequence current is above the pickup
value. The Negative Sequence IOC Operate flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined by
the Negative Sequence IOC PICKUP DELAY setting. If the Pickup time delay is set to 0.000 seconds, the Pickup
and Operate flags are asserted at the same time. The element drops from Pickup without operation if the negative
sequence current drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Current > Negative Sequence IOC 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT
Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: CT Bank 1-J1
This setting provides the selection for the current input bank. The default bank names can be changed in:
Setpoints > System > Current Sensing > [Name] > CT Bank Name.

PICKUP
Range: 0.020 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT

DIRECTION
Range: Non-Directional, NegSeq Dir [1-4] FWD, NegSeq Dir [1-4]
Default: Non-Directional

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Chapter 9 - Protection

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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 ●
●
●
●
●
●
9.2.4

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Phase reversal
Chapter 9 - Protection

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
SETPOINT
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output Relay
FUNCTION:

Phase overvoltage (Phase OV)

AND

1(TRIP)

Phase undervoltage (Phase UV)

Disabled Configurable in 845 & 859
OR

Undervoltage curves (UV Curves)

Trip
Latched Trip S
AND

Alarm
LATCH

OR
Latched Alarm
R
LED: ALARM
Configurable
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR

Any Alarm
Direction (from Neg Seq
SETPOINTS

Auxiliary overvoltage (Auxiliary OV) (not 859)

Directional OC element)
S

Auxiliary undervoltage (Auxiliary UV) (not 859)

AND

PICKUP: SETPOINTS LATCH SETPOINT

PICKUP DELAY: Command R Output Relay X

VOLTAGE ELEMENTS OVERVIEW

DIRECTION:
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS
RUN DROPOUT DELAY: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

AND
BLOCK:
Neg Seq IOC 1 OP
OR

Off = 0 (|I_2| – K * |I_1|)> PICKUP tPKP

tDPO
From Cold Load Pickup

OR
From Autoreclose
(per shot settings)

LED: PICKUP
From Manual Close Blocking
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
USED ONLY IN 850
Neg Seq IOC 1 PKP
SETPOINTS
Negative Sequence IOC source
SIGNAL INPUT:

Figure 143: Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent logic diagram

I_2 and I_1 CT Bank 1 - J1 Phasor

USED ONLY IN 845/889

The 859 motor protection relay provides the following voltage protection elements:
894042C1

349
Chapter 9 - Protection

● Neutral overvoltage (Neutral OV)

● Negative sequence overvoltage (Neg Seq OV)
● Volts per Herz

9.2.4.1 UNDERVOLTAGE CURVES

The undervoltage elements can be programmed to have an inverse time delay characteristic. The undervoltage
delay setpoint defines a family of curves as shown below.
The operating time is given by:
T = D/(1 - V/Vpkp)
Where:
● T = Operating Time
● D = Undervoltage PICKUP DELAY setpoint (for D = 0.00 operates instantaneously)
● V = Voltage as a fraction of the nominal VT Secondary Voltage
● Vpkp = Undervoltage Pickup Level
The element resets instantaneously if the applied voltage exceeds the dropout voltage. The delay setting selects
the minimum operating time of the phase undervoltage.

Note:
At 0% of Pickup, the operating time equals the Undervoltage PICKUP TIME DELAY setpoint.

Figure 144: Inverse Time Undervoltage Curves

If FlexCurves are selected, the operating time determined based on following equation:
T = FlexCurve (Vpkp / V)

Note:
FlexCurve reverses the ratio of voltages. The ratio of set pickup value to the measured voltage.

Example: For a Pickup set to 0.9 x VT, when the measured voltage is 0.82 x VT, the ratio would be 0.9/0.8 = 1.1,
therefore in the FlexCurve, the corresponding Trip time setting entry is at 1.1 x PKP (not at 0.82 x PKP). On the

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Chapter 9 - Protection

other hand, when the measured voltage is 1 x VT, the ratio is 0.9/1 = 0.9, therefore, in the FlexCurve, the
corresponding Reset time entry is at 0.9 x PKP.

9.2.4.2 PHASE REVERSAL (47)

The relay can detect the phase rotation of the three phase voltages. When all three Phase-to-Phase Voltages (Vab,
Vbc and Vca) are greater than 50% of VT, if the phase rotation of the three phase voltages is not the same as the
Phase Rotation or Reverse Phase Rotation (under Setpoints > System > Power System), and there is no fuse
failure, either an alarm or a trip will occur within the programmed PICKUP DELAY time.
Upon detection of the phase reversal, this element will also issue a Phase Rev Inhibit operand to inhibit starting of a
motor.
This element will be blocked automatically by the relay for three cycles when voltage phase rotation dynamically
switches from forward to reverse or reverse to forward. Dynamic switching of the phase rotation (ABC<->ACB) can
be achieved using the feature Reverse Phase Rotation - VT Bnks. More details can be found in section Setpoints >
System > Power System.

Note:
VT is the secondary voltage programmed under Setpoints > System > Voltage Sensing > Phase VT Secondary.

Note:
In 2 Speed motor application, when 2-Speed Motor Protection is Enabled and Speed2 Motor Switch is On, the setpoint
Speed2 Phase Rotation (under Setpoints > System > Motor System > Setup) is used by the Phase Reversal element.

Path:Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Voltage > Phase Reversal

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Phase Reversal functionality.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the pickup delay of the element.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting defines the reset delay of the element.

BLOCK
Range: Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The Phase Reversal can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-Reset
SETPOINT
FUNCTION: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Disabled=0 Any Trip
Trip LED: TRIP

AND
869: To operate Output
Latched Trip SETPOINT
Relay 1(TRIP)
OR

Alarm PHASE ROTATION:

OR
AND

Latched Alarm Rev Ph Rotation-VT Bnk: 859: To operate the

Configurable RUN S selected Breaker/

AND
Contactor Trip Relay
LATCH

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND Phase Reversal R

VT Fuse Fail 1 OP LED: ALARM

AND
From Setpoints > System > FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
SETPOINT Power System SETPOINTS Any Alarm
PICKUP DELAY:
BLOCK:

AND
DROPOUT DELAY: S
Off=0 tPKP
OR

tRST LATCH
SETPOINT SETPOINT
PHASE ROTATION: Command R Output Relay X
ACTUAL VALUES
Rev Ph Rotation-CT Bnk: RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
Vab > 50% x VT
AND

Vbc > 50% x VT RUN

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Vca > 50% x VT

OR
Phase Reversal OP
ACTUAL VALUES Phase Reversal
AND

IA > 5% x FLA
AND

IB > 5% x FLA FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

From Setpoints > System >
IC > 5% x FLA Phase Reversal PKP
Power System
Phase Rev Inhibit
SETPOINT
Enable Current Mode:
Yes = 1

VA VAB
VB VBC
VC VCA

IA
IB
IC
✁✂✄☎✄✆✄

Figure 145: Phase Reversal logic diagram

9.2.4.3 PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (27P)

The Phase Undervoltage element may be used to protect voltage sensitive loads and system components against
sustained undervoltage conditions. This element may be used for permissive functions, initiation of the source
transfer schemes, and similar functions.
The Phase Undervoltage element may be set as an instantaneous element with no time delay or as a time delayed
element which can be configured with definite time, inverse time or FlexCurves. The Phase Undervoltage element
has programmable minimum operating threshold to prevent some undesired operation when voltage is not
available. The input voltages are the three phase to phase voltages from delta connected VTs (PTs) or three phase
to ground voltages from wye connected VTs (PTs).
The settings of this function are applied to each of the three voltage inputs to produce Pickup and Trip flags per
voltage input. The UV Pickup flag is asserted, when the measured voltage on any of the three voltage inputs is
below the PKP value. The UV Trip flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined by Pickup time
delay or for the time defined by the selected inverse curve / FlexCurve, and number of voltages required for
operation matches the number of voltages selected in the setting. The element drops from Pickup without operation
if the measured voltage rise above 102 to 103% of the Pickup value, before the time for operation is reached.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

The MINIMUM VOLTAGE setting selects the operating voltage below which the element is blocked (a setting of 0
allows a dead source to be considered a fault condition).
This element may be used to give a desired time delay operating characteristic versus the applied voltage (phase to
ground or phase to phase for wye VT connection, or phase to phase for delta VT connection) or as a definite time
element. For the inverse time setpoint, the undervoltage delay setpoint defines a family of curves.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Voltage Elements > Phase UV 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

MODE
Range: Phase to Ground, Phase to Phase
Default (3.xx): Phase to Ground
Default (4.10): Phase to Phase
This setting provides the selection of phase to ground and phase to phase voltages for a Wye VT connection
(phase to phase for delta connected VT connection).

Note:
Only Phase-to-Phase mode should be used when Delta/Single’ VT Connection Type and Pseudo Reference Phase-to-Phase
is programmed for the Phase VT Connection setting under System/Voltage Sensing.

BYPASS STOPPED BLOCK

Range: No, Yes
Default: No
This setpoint may be used to prevent nuisance alarms or trips when the motor is stopped. If “No” is programmed
the undervoltage element will be blocked from operating whenever the motor is stopped (no phase current and
starter status indicates breaker or contactor open). If the load is high inertia, it may be desirable to ensure that
the motor is tripped offline or prevented from starting in the event of a total loss or decrease in line voltage.
Programming “Yes” for the block setpoint will ensure that the motor is tripped and may be restarted only after the
bus is re-energized.

STARTING PICKUP
Range: Range: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of: 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.00 x VT
This setting sets the phase Undervoltage pickup level specified per times VT while the motor is in the Starting
state.

PICKUP
Range: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.00 x VT
This setting sets the Phase Undervoltage Pickup level specified per times VT.
For example, a Pickup setting of 0.80 x VT with a 13800:115 VT translates into 11.04kV (or 92V secondary). If
the mode selection is phase to phase and the Setpoints/System Setup/Voltage Sensing/Phase VT Connection

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Chapter 9 - Protection

selection is Wye, the previous example translates to the phase to phase voltage value of 11.04kV x 1.732 =
19.12kV.

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.20 x VT
This setting sets the minimum operating voltage for the undervoltage Pickup level specified per times VT.
For example, a PKP setting of 0.20 x VT with 13800:115 VT translates into 2.76kV (or 23V secondary).
If the Mode setting selection is Phase to Phase and the Setpoints/System Setup/Voltage Sensing/Phase VT
Connection selection is Wye, the previous example translates to a
Phase to Phase voltage value of 2.76kV x 1.732 = 4.78kV.

PHASES FOR OPERATION

Range: Any One, Any Two, All Three
Default: Any One
This setting defines the number of voltages required for operation of the Phase UV protection function.

UNDERVOLTAGE CURVES
Range: Definite Time, Inverse Time, FlexCurves A/B/C/D
Default: Definite Time
This setting provides the selection of definite time delay or time delay inverse undervoltage curves, or
FlexCurves. In the case of FlexCurves, the voltage ratio used is reversed. Refer to the equation and note
regarding FlexCurves in the previous section .

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.020 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s
This setting provides definite time pickup delay.

RESET TIME
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s
This setting provides selection for dropout time delay used to delay the dropout of the detection of the
undervoltage condition.

RESET MODE
Range: Definite Time, Dependent Time
Default: Definite Time
This setting is based on IEC 60255-151 reset characteristics.
If Definite Time is selected, the percentage of elapsed time for the operate timer is memorized for the set reset
time. If the pickup condition returns before the reset timer has timed out, the operate time initializes from the
memorized value. Otherwise, the memorized value is reset to zero after the reset time times out.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

✞✆✟✠✡☛ ☞✌
✍✄✎✌✄
✏☞✑✒✆✄✆☞✑ ✁✂✁✄ ☎✆✝✁
✁✂✁✄ ☎✆✝✁

✓☛✁✌✎✄✁ ✄✆✝✁✌

✓☛✁✌✎✄✁

Figure 146: Reset Mode Definite Time

If Dependent Time is selected, the operate timer start decrementing when the pickup condition resets. If the pickup
condition returns before the reset timer has timed out, the operate timer again start incrementing. Otherwise, the
relay returns to its reset state after the set reset time.
✞✆✟✠✡☛ ☞✌
✍✄✎✌✄
✏☞✑✒✆✄✆☞✑ ✁✂✁✄ ☎✆✝✁ ✁✂✁✄ ☎✆✝✁

✓☛✁✌✎✄✁ ✄✆✝✁✌

✓☛✁✌✎✄✁
Figure 147: Reset Mode Dependent Time

Note:
This setting is hidden when Undervoltage Curve is configured to Definite Time. When Curve is programmed as Definite Time,
the Reset Mode is always Definite Time.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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 9.2.4.4

859-1601-0911
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
Chapter 9 - Protection

SETPOINT
LED: TRIP
FUNCTION: 8S: To operate Output Relay

AND
1(TRIP)
Disabled Configurable in 845 & 859
OR

Trip
Latched Trip S

AND
LATCH
Alarm

OR
R
Latched Alarm
LED: ALARM
Configurable
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR

Any Alarm
SETPOINTS
S
AND

BLOCK :
LATCH SETPOINT
Off = 0

AND
Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
859
SETPOINT FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Phase UV1 OP
OR

Bypass Stopped Block SETPOINTS

Yes PICKUP or Starting Pickup*

OR
No
PICK-UP DELAY

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TMS

AND
Motor Stopped
UNDERVOLTAGE CURVES

889 RESET TIME SETPOINTS

SETPOINTS RESET MODE PHASES FOR OPERATION:

SETPOINTS
RUN VA(VAB) < PICKUP

AND
SIGNAL INPUT: MINIMUM VOLTAGE:

Figure 148: Phase Undervoltage Protection logic diagram

ANY ONE
NAME( Ph VT Bnk1-J2
OPERATE: ANY TWO
OR

VA(VAB) MINIMUM FlexLogic Operands

RUN VB(VBC) < PICKUP

PHASE OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (59P)

AND
ALL THREE }
VB(VBC) MINIMUM Phase UV1 OP A:
ANY ONE
SETPOINTS VC(VCA) MINIMUM RUN VC(VCA) < PICKUP ANY TWO { Phase UV1 OP B:

AND
PICK-UP:
OR

Phase-to-Ground Voltages –
Wye connection MODE: ALL THREE } Phase UV1 OP C:

Phase A voltage (VA)

Phase B voltage (VB) * Starting Pickup is
applicable to 859 only
Phase C voltage (VC)
Phase-to-Phase Voltages –
LED: PICKUP
Delta connection
Ph-Ph AB voltage (VAB)
Ph-Ph BC voltage (VBC)

delta connected VTs or three phase to ground voltages from wye connected VTs.
MODE: Phase to Ground, Phase
Ph-Ph CA voltage (VCA) to Phase (for wye connection) Phase UV1 PKP:
Phase to Phase (Delta VTs)
Calculated Phase-to-Phase Phase UV1 PKP A:
Voltages – Wye connection
Ph-Ph AB voltage (VAB) Phase UV1 PKP B:
{
Ph-Ph BC voltage (VBC)
Ph-Ph CA voltage (VCA) Phase UV1 PKP C:

859
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Motor Starting

☞☛✡✠✟✞✝✆✄☎✄✂✁

OV Trip flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined by the Pickup time delay and that
The settings of this function are applied to each of the three voltage inputs to produce Pickup and Trip flags per
voltage input. The OV Pickup flag is asserted when the voltage on any voltage input is above the PKP value. The
The relay provides two identical Phase Overvoltage (OV) elements per protection group, or a total of 12 elements.
Each Phase Overvoltage element may be used to protect voltage sensitive loads and system components against

time delay or may be set as a definite time element. The input voltages are the three phase to phase voltages from

356
sustained overvoltage conditions. The Phase Overvoltage element may be set as an instantaneous element with no
Chapter 9 - Protection

number of voltages required for operation is equal to the number defined by voltages required for the operation
setting. The element drops from pickup without operation, if the measured voltage drops below the configured
dropout level of the pickup value, before the time for operation is reached. The dropout level can be configured at
Setpoints > Device > Installation > OV/UV DPO Range.
Phase Overvoltage elements may be used to protect voltage sensitive loads and system components against
sustained overvoltage conditions. The Phase Overvoltage element may be set as an instantaneous element with no
time delay or may be set as a definite time element, Inverse Time, or with FlexCurve. The input voltages are the
three phase to phase voltages from delta connected VTs, or the three phase to ground voltages from wye
connected VTs.
This element may be used to give a desired time-delay operating characteristic versus the applied voltage or as a
definite time element. For the inverse time setpoint, the overvoltage pickup delay setpoint defines a family of curves
as shown below.
The operating time is given by:

T = D / [(V/Vpickup)-1] when V > Vpickup

where:
● T = trip time in seconds
● D = Overvoltage Pickup Delay setpoint
● V = actual phase-phase voltage
● Vpickup = Overvoltage Pickup setpoint

Figure 149: Overvoltage curves

Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Voltage > Phase OV 1(X)

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Chapter 9 - Protection

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

MODE
Range: Phase to Ground, Phase to Phase
Default (3.xx): Phase to Ground
Default (4.10): Phase to Phase
This setting provides the selection of phase to ground and phase to phase voltages for a Wye VT connection
(phase to phase for delta connected VT connection).

Note:
Only Phase to Phase mode should be selected when Delta/Single VT Connection Type and Pseudo Reference Phase-to-
Phase is programmed for the Phase VT Connection setting under Setpoints > System > Voltage Sensing.

PICKUP
Range: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.50 x VT
The setting sets the phase overvoltage pickup level to specified per times VT.
For example, a Pickup setting of 1.10 x VT with 13800:115 VT translates into 15.18kV. If the mode selection is
phase to phase and Setpoints > System Setup > Voltage Sensing > Phase VT Connection selection is Wye,
the previous example translates to the phase to phase voltage value of 15.18kV x 1.732 = 26.29kV.

PHASES FOR OPERATION

Range: Any One, Any Two, All Three
Default: Any One
The setting defines the number of voltages required for operation of the Phase OV protection function.

CURVE (not used in 859)

Range: Definite Time, Inverse Time, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D
Default: Definite Time
This setting provides selection of curves for overvoltage as definite time, inverse time overvoltage curves or
FlexCuves.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s
This setting provides definite time pickup delay.

TMS
Range: 0.5 to 100.0 in steps of: 0.5
Default: 1.0

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Chapter 9 - Protection

If the Inverse Time is selected as an Curve setpoint, the TMS value is loaded to variable “D” in the curve formula

Note: This TMS setting is visible from setting management, only when ‘Curve’ setting is selected as IDMT
or Inverse Time.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 9 - Protection

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✜ ✞✻✕✼✖✞ ❖✘✾☞❪✙
✿❀ ❁ ❂ ✕✖✗✓✘✙
❖✗✿✞✿✖❫ ❖✘✾☞❪✙
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✗✖✽
✏ ✞✼✞
✐✐❥ ✍❙✎❳
✓☞✒✓☞✢✔ ✺ ✞✻✕✼✖✞ ✏ ✗❴❫ ✞❛☞❴✘❴ ❜✿✗ ✿✞✘✗☞❫✻✿✽✙
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✗✖✽
✏ ✞✼✞
❴✻P✽☞✾ ✻✽✞✖❫✙ ✓✢✒✓✢✕✔ ✺ ✞✻✕✼✖✞ ✏ ✗❴❫ ☞✽❪ ✿✽✘
✣
✗✖✽ ✿✞✘✗☞❫✘✙ ☞✽❪ ❫❵✿ ✤
✽☞◆✘✒ ✞✟ ✓❫ ✢❙❢▼ ❬❣❤ ✏ ✞✼✞ ❃❄❅❆❇❈❉❊❋ ☎●❅❍■❏❑▲
✓✕✒✓✕☞✔ ✺ ✞✻✕✼✖✞ ✏ ✗❴❫ ❞
☞✾✾ ❫❛✗✘✘
✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✿✞ ☞✙
☞✽❪ ✿✽✘
✣
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✞✻✕✼✖✞✙ ☞✽❪ ❫❵✿ ✤ ❡ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✿✞ ✢✙
✥✦✧★✩✪✫✬✪✭✮✬✯✰✱ ✲✬✳✫✧✴✩★ ✵ ☞✾✾ ❫❛✗✘✘ ❞
◆✿❖✘✙
✶✷✩ ✸✬✰✰✩✸✫✹✬✰ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✿✞ ✕✙
✞✟✠✡☛ ☞ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓☞✔
✞✟✠✡☛ ✢ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓✢✔
✞✟✠✡☛ ✕ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓✕✔
✥✦✧★✩✪✫✬✪✥✦✧★✩ ✲✬✳✫✧✴✩★ ✵
❭✩✳✫✧ ✸✬✰✰✩✸✫✹✬✰ ◆✿❖✘✙ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✏✍ P◗✍❘❙❚❯
✞✟❬✞✟ ☞✢ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓☞✢✔ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✏✍ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✾✘❖✙ ✞✻✕✼✖✞

✞✟❬✞✟ ✢✕ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓✢✕✔ ✒❱✍◗ ❲❳☛ ❨✍❙❙☛❨✏❩✍❙✔

✞✟✠✡☛ ✏✍ ✞✟✠✡☛
✞✟❬✞✟ ✕☞ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓✕☞✔ ✒❖☛✎✏✠ ❨✍❙❙☛❨✏❩✍❙✔
❝✧✳✸✯✳✧✫✩✱ ✥✦✧★✩ ✪✫✬✪✥✦✧★✩ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✞✼✞✙
✲✬✳✫✧✴✩★ ✵ ✶✷✩ ✸✬✰✰✩✸✫✹✬✰
✞✟❬✞✟ ☞✢ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓☞✢✔ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✿✞ ☞✙
✞✟❬✞✟ ✢✕ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓✢✕✔
❡ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✿✞ ✢✙
✞✟❬✞✟ ✕☞ ✌✍✎✏✠✑☛ ✒✓✕☞✔

✞✟✠✡☛ ✿✓ ▼ ✿✞ ✕✙

✐❥✈✈✈❂☞▼②❨❚◗

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
SETPOINT
LED: TRIP
8S: To operate Output Relay

AND
FUNCTION:
1(TRIP)
Disabled Configurable in 845 & 859

OR
Trip
S

AND
Latched Trip
LATCH
OR

Alarm
R
Latched Alarm
LED: ALARM

AND
Configurable
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
Any Alarm

AND
S
LATCH SETPOINT
SETPOINTS Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS PICKUP: SETPOINTS FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
AND

BLOCK : PICKUP DELAY: Phase OV 1 OP

Off = 0 CURVE:
DROPOUT DELAY: SETPOINTS
RUN VA(VAB) > PICKUP
t PKP
889 only
t RST PHASES FOR OPERATION:
SETPOINTS RUN
t PKP
SIGNAL INPUT: VB(VBC) > PICKUP t RST ANY PHASE
RUN
OR

t PKP OPERATE: ANY TWO

NAME( Ph VT Bnk1-J2 THREE FlexLogic Operands
VC(VCA) > PICKUP t RST }
PHASE
Phase OV 1 OP A:
ANY PHASE
SETPOINTS ANY TWO { Phase OV 1 OP B:
OR

PICKUP:
THREE
Phase-to-Ground Voltages – PHASE }
Wye connection MODE: Phase OV 1 OP C:
Phase A voltage (VA)
Phase B voltage (VB)
Phase C voltage (VC)
Phase-to-Phase Voltages –
Delta connection
Ph-Ph AB voltage (VAB) LED: PICKUP
Ph-Ph BC voltage (VBC) MODE: Phase to Ground, Phase
to Phase (for wye connection)
Ph-Ph CA voltage (VCA) Phase to Phase (Delta
Calculated Phase-to-Phase connection) Phase OV 1 PKP:
Voltages – Wye connection
Ph-Ph AB voltage (VAB) Phase OV 1 OP A:
Ph-Ph BC voltage (VBC)
Ph-Ph CA voltage (VCA) { Phase OV 1 OP B:

✁✂✄✂✁☎✆✝✞✟✠✡ Phase OV 1 OP C:

Figure 150: Phase Overvoltage logic diagram

9.2.4.5 NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (59N)

The relay provides one Neutral Overvoltage (Neutral OV, also called Neutral Displacement) element per protection
group.
The Neutral Overvoltage element can be used to detect asymmetrical system voltage conditions caused by a
ground fault or the loss of one or two phases of the source. The element responds to the system neutral voltage

859-1601-0911 360
Chapter 9 - Protection

(3V0), calculated from the phase voltages. The nominal secondary voltage of the phase voltage channels entered
under Setpoints > System > Voltage Sensing > Phase VT Secondary is the base used when setting the Pickup
level. The Neutral Overvoltage element can provide a time-delayed operating characteristic versus the applied
voltage (initialized from FlexCurves A, B, C or D) or can be used as a definite time element. The source voltage
assigned to this element must be configured for a phase VT and phase VTs must be wye connected. VT errors and
normal voltage unbalance must be considered when setting this element.

Note:
The same curves used for the time overcurrent elements are used for Neutral Displacement. When using the curve to
determine the operating time of the Neutral Displacement element, substitute the ratio of neutral voltage to Pickup level for the
current ratio shown on the horizontal axis of the curve plot.

The relay provides Neutral Overvoltage protection with independent time delay characteristics. Each stage provides
a choice of operate characteristics, where you can select between:
● An IDMT characteristic
● A range of user-defined curves
● DT (Definite Time)
The undervoltage delay setpoint defines a family of curves as shown below.
The Inverse Time characteristics is given by:
T = D / [(V/Vpkp) - 1]
where:
● T = Operating Time
● D = neutral over voltage Pickup Time Delay setpoint (for D = 0.00 operates instantaneously)
● V = Voltage as a fraction of the nominal VT Secondary Voltage
● Vpkp = neutral over voltage Pickup Level
If FlexCurves are selected, the same curves used for the time overcurrent elements are used for Neutral
Displacement. When using the curve to determine the operating time of the Neutral Displacement element,
substitute the ratio of neutral voltage to the pickup level for the current ratio shown on the horizontal axis of the
curve plot.
T = FlexCurve(V/Vpkp)

Inverse Time neutral over voltage Curves for varying D

859-1601-0911 361
Chapter 9 - Protection

The Neutral Overvoltage feature should be applied with caution. It would normally be applied to give line-to-ground
fault coverage on high impedance grounded or ungrounded systems, which are isolated. This constraint stems from
the fact that a measurement of 3V0 cannot discriminate between a faulted circuit and an adjacent healthy circuit.
Use of a time delayed back-up or alarm mode allows other protections an opportunity to isolate the faulted element
first.
The settings of this function are applied to 3V0 calculated from the three phase-to-ground (wye connected VTs)
voltage inputs to produce Pickup and Trip flags per 3V0 calculated voltage. The Neutral OV Pickup flag is asserted
when the calculated 3V0 voltage is above the PKP value. The Neutral OV Trip flag is asserted if the element stays
picked up for the time defined by the selected inverse curve and the magnitude of the 3V0 voltage. The element
drops from Pickup without operation, if the calculated voltage drops below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value before the
time for operation is reached.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Voltage Elements > Neutral OV 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

PICKUP
Range (3.xx): 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Range (4.10): 0.02 to 4.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.30 x VT

CURVE
Range (3.xx): Definite Time, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D
Range (4.10): Definite Time, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D, Inverse time
Default: Definite Time

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s
The NEUTRAL OV 1 PICKUP DELAY setting applies only if the NEUTRAL OV 1 CURVE setting is Definite
time.
If Inverse Time is selected as neutral OV Curve, the Pickup Delay value is loaded to variable D in the curve
formula.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate

859-1601-0911 362
Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

859-1601-0911 363
Chapter 9 - Protection

894050C1
8S: To operate Output Relay

Configurable in 845 & 859

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

FlexLogic Operands
1(TRIP)

SETPOINT

Neutral OV 1 OP
Any Alarm

Neutral OV 1 PKP:
Any Trip

Output Relay X
LED: ALARM
LED: TRIP
OR

LED: PICKUP
OR OR

LATCH
LATCH

R
S
R
S
AND AND AND AND

Command
RESET

t RST
SETPOINTS

DROP-OUT DELAY:
PICK-UP DELAY:

CURVE:

t PKP
3_Vo > PICKUP
SETPOINTS

PICKUP:
RUN

3_V0

AND

OR
USED ONLY IN 850
SETPOINTS

Ph VT Bank 1-J2
SIGNAL INPUT:

OR
Van > 0.85 x VT

Vbn > 0.85 x VT

Vcn > 0.85 x VT

Phase Voltages
SETPOINTS
SETPOINT

Phase A Voltage (Va)

Phase B Voltage (Vb)
Phase C Voltage (Vc)
Latched Alarm
Configurable
Latched Trip
FUNCTION:
Disabled

BLOCK :
Alarm

Off = 0
Trip

Figure 151: Neutral Overvoltage Protection logic diagram

9.2.4.6 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (59_2)

The relay provides one Negative Sequence Overvoltage (Negative Sequence OV 1) element per protection group,
or a total of 6 elements.
The Negative Sequence Overvoltage element can be used to detect an asymmetrical system voltage condition, loss
of one or two phases of the source, or reversed phase sequence of voltages. The element responds to the negative
sequence voltage (V2), calculated from the phase voltages. The Negative Sequence Overvoltage element may be
set as an instantaneous element with no time delay, or may be set as a definite time element.
The settings of this function are applied to the calculated Negative Sequence Voltage to produce Pickup and Trip
flags. The Negative Sequence OV Pickup flag is asserted when the Negative Sequence Voltage is above the PKP

859-1601-0911 364
Chapter 9 - Protection

value. The Negative Sequence OV Trip flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the time defined by Pickup
time delay. The element drops from Pickup without operation if the calculated Negative Sequence Voltage drops
below 97 to 98% of the Pickup value before the time for operation is reached.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Voltage > Neg Seq OV 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

PICKUP
Range: 0.00 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.00 x VT
This setting sets the Negative Sequence Overvoltage Pickup level specified per times VT. For example, a Pickup
setting of 0.80 x VT with 13800:115 VT translates into 11.04 kV (or 92 V secondary).

Note:
If the 3 phase VT is delta connected, the Negative Sequence Overvoltage pickup level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the
user setting, before being compared to the actual negative sequence voltage.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s
This setting provides definite time pick-up delay. Instantaneous operation is selected by pick-up time delay
setting of 0.000 s.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s
This setting provides definite time drop-out delay. An instantaneous reset is provided by drop-out time delay
setting of 0.000 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

859-1601-0911 365
 9.2.4.7
TARGETS

859-1601-0911
Default: Self-reset
Chapter 9 - Protection

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP
8S: To operate Output Relay

AND
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched

1(TRIP)

VOLTS PER HERTZ (24)

OR

859: To operate the selected

S Breaker/Contactor Trip Relay

AND
LATCH
R
SETPOINT
AND LED: ALARM

FUNCTION: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR

Any Alarm
Disabled
Trip S
AND

Latched Trip LATCH SETPOINT

Alarm R Output Relay X

OR
Command
Latched Alarm RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
Configurable FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINTS Neg Seq OV 1 OP:
OR

SETPOINTS PICK-UP DELAY:

SETPOINTS PICKUP:
DROP-OUT DELAY:
BLOCK: RUN

AND
t PKP
Off = 0 V_2 > PICKUP
t RST

LED: PICKUP FlexLogic Operands

Phase Voltages SETPOINTS Neg Seq OV 1 PKP:

Phase A Voltage (Va) Signal Input
Phase B Voltage (Vb)

Figure 152: Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection logic diagram

Phase C Voltage (Vc) Ph VT Bank 1 – J2

850 Only 894051C1vsdx

voltage on the relay terminals, the V/Hz value is automatically set to “0”. The V/Hz value is established as per
The volts-per-hertz (V/Hz) value is calculated using the maximum of the three-phase voltage inputs. If there is no

voltage and nominal frequency power system settings as follows: if the phase voltage inputs defined in the source

366
Chapter 9 - Protection

menu are used for V/Hz operation, then V/Hz is based on the selected Setpoint > System > Voltage Sensing >
Ph VT Bnk1-J2 > Voltage 1 > Phase VT Secondary setting, and the Setpoint > System > Power System >
Nominal Frequency setting.
For example, if Phase VT Secondary and Nominal Frequency are set as 120 V and 60 Hz, respectively, these set
values define the base unit as 1 x (V/Hz).
The volts-per-hertz ratio after division of these nominal settings is 120/60 = 2.
Assume the PICKUP setpoint from the V/Hz element is set to 1.05 x (V/Hz). This will mean that in order for the
element to pick up, the actual volts-per-hertz ratio after division should be 2 *1.05 = 2.1.
The ratio of 2.1 can be achieved if for example the measured voltage is 126V and frequency is 60 Hz, or the voltage
is constant at 120 V and the frequency is 57.14 Hz, or any other combination of these two values, which after V/Hz
division equals 2.1.
To check back the PICKUP setting, we use the base (V/Hz) unit = 120/60 = 2, such that the PICKUP setting value is
2.1/2 = 1.05 x (V/Hz).
The element has a linear reset characteristic. The reset time can be programmed to match the cooling
characteristics of the protected equipment. The element will fully reset from the trip threshold in Reset Time
seconds. The V/Hz element can be used as an instantaneous element with no intentional time delay or as a Definite
or Inverse timed element. The characteristics of the inverse curves are shown as follows.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Voltage > Volts per Hertz 1(2)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (not for 859)

Range: dependent on the order code
Default: Ph VT Bnk1-J2
This setting specifies the input voltage used to calculate the per-unit volts-per-Hertz (V/Hz). If three phase
voltages are used then set the AC Inputs to “Ph VT Bnk1-J2”. To use the V/Hz element with auxiliary voltage, set
AC Inputs to “Aux VT Bnk1-J2”.

VOLTAGE MODE
Range: Phase-ground, Phase-phase
Default: Phase-ground
If the Phase VT Connection is selected as “Wye”, then the VOLTAGE MODE setting further defines the
operating quantity and per-unit value for this element. If the VOLTAGE MODE is set as “Phase-phase”, then the
operating quantity for this element will be phase-to-phase nominal voltage. Likewise, if the VOLTAGE MODE is
set to “Phase-ground”, then the operating quantity for this element will be the phase-to-ground nominal voltage.
If the Phase VT Connection (set under Setpoint > System > Voltage Sensing) is selected as “Delta”, then the
phase-to-phase nominal voltage is used to define the per-unit value, regardless of the Voltage Mode selection.

PICKUP
Range: 0.80 to 4.00 V/Hz in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.05 V/Hz
Enter the Volts per Hertz value (in V/Hz) above which the Volts per Hertz 1 element will pickup.

859-1601-0911 367
Chapter 9 - Protection

CURVE
Range: Definite Time, Inverse A, Inverse B, Inverse C, FlexCurve A, FlexCurve B, FlexCurve C, FlexCurve D
Default: Definite Time

Inverse Curve A: The curve for the Volts/Hertz Inverse Curve A shape is derived from the formula:

☞✌✍ ✞
☞✢ ✷ ❵ ✟✠✡☛ ✎ ✁✂✄☎✆
✖✜ ✞ ✙ ✓ ✝
✔✚✛ ✝ ✗✘ ✁✂✄☎✆✑ ✏ ✶
✕ ✒
where:
● T = Operating Time
● TDM= Time Delay Multiplier (delay in seconds)
● V = fundamental RMS value of voltage (pu)
● F = frequency of voltage signal (pu)
● Pickup = volts-per-hertz pickup setpoint (pu)
The volts/hertz inverse A curves are shown below.

Figure 153: Volts-Per-Hertz Curves for Inverse Curve A

Inverse Curve B:The curve for the Volts/Hertz Inverse Curve B shape is derived from the formula:

TDM V
T✎ when ✁ Pickup
✟✍ V ☛ ✆ F
✝☞ ✠ Pickup✄ ✂ 1
✞✌ ✡ ☎
where:
where:
● T = Operating Time
● TDM = Time Delay Multiplier (delay in seconds)

859-1601-0911 368
Chapter 9 - Protection

● V = fundamental RMS value of voltage (pu)

● F = frequency of voltage signal (pu)
● Pickup = volts-per-hertz pickup setpoint (pu)
The Volts/Hertz inverse B curves are shown below.

Figure 154: Volts-Per-Hertz Curves for Inverse Curve B

Inverse Curve C:The curve for the Volts/Hertz Inverse Curve C shape is derived from the formula:

TDM V
T✎ when ✁ Pickup
1/2 F
✟✍ V ☛ ✆
✝☞ ✠ Pickup✄ ✂1
✞✌ ✡ ☎

where:
● T = Operating Time
● TDM = Time Delay Multiplier (delay in seconds)
● V = fundamental RMS value of voltage (pu)
● F = frequency of voltage signal (pu)
● Pickup = volts-per-hertz pickup setpoint (pu)
The Volts/Hertz Inverse C curves are shown below.

859-1601-0911 369
Chapter 9 - Protection

Figure 155: Volts-Per-Hertz Curves for Inverse Curve C

TD MULTIPLIER
Range: 0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This setting provides a selection for the Time Dial Multiplier which modifies the operating times for the selected
inverse curve.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
For the definite time, T(s) = TD multiplier. For example, setting the TD multiplier to 20 results in a time delay of
20 seconds to operate when above the Volts/Hz pickup setting.

T RESET
Range: 0.00 to 6000.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
Enter the time that the Volts per Hertz value must remain below the pickup level before the element resets.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off
The Volts per Hertz can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

859-1601-0911 370
Chapter 9 - Protection

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

859-1601-0911 371
Chapter 9 - Protection

Configurable in 845 & 859

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Output Relay 1(TRIP)

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

✠✟✞✝☎✆✄☎✄✂✁
Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

869: To operate

SETPOINT

Volts/Hz 1 OP

Volts/Hz 1 PKP
Output Relay X
Any Alarm
Any Trip
LED: TRIP

ALARM
LED:
OR

OR OR

LATC
LATC

H
H

R
S
R
S
AND AND AND AND

Command
RESET

V/Hz
SETPOINTS
Voltage Mode:

TD Multiplier:
Reset Time:
Pickup:
Curve:

RUN

Bnk1-J2
Bnk1-J2

Aux VT
Ph VT

V, F

V, F

AND
MAX

OR
Phase Voltage Inputs from Ph VT

Auxiliary Voltage Inputs from Aux

Delta
Vab
Vbc
Vca
Actual Values

Actual Values
SETPOINT

SETPOINT

SETPOINT

J2-3VT Frequency

J2-Vx Frequency
SIGNAL INPUT:
Latched Alarm
Configurable
Latched Trip
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0

VT Bnk1-J2
WYE
Van
Vbn
Vcn
Bnk1-J2
Alarm

Block:
Off=0
Trip

Vx

Figure 156: Volts per Hertz logic diagram

9.2.5 ADMITTANCE ELEMENTS

9.2.5.1 NEUTRAL ADMITTANCE (21YN)

In a medium voltage (MV) network, the compensating reactor is used to compensate the capacitive fault current
ideally to zero at the fault point. However, detection of low ground fault current in such networks is challenging when
using the conventional current-based ground fault detection methods. This element uses neutral admittance based
criteria to successfully detect the ground fault in the compensated or isolated MV networks. Measured or calculated
values of neutral current (I0) and neutral voltage (V0) are used to calculate the shunt neutral admittance (Y0),

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conductance (G0) and susceptance (B0). The element uses one of the three modes (Y0, G0, B0) to operate or block
the output operands.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Admittance > Neutral Admittance 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Neutral Admittance functionality.

CURRENT INPUT
Range: I0, Ig
Default: I0
Current input can be programmed to be either the zero-sequence current, I0 calculated from the phase currents
or measured ground current, Ig supplied externally at ground CT input. This setpoint is hidden when the Ground
CT Type is selected None or 50:0.025, the 859 uses calculated zero-sequence current I0 to calculate
admittance.

MODE
Range: Y0, G0, B0
Default: Y0
This setting selects the protection criterion (characteristic quantity) of the Neutral Admittance Ground Fault
protection. When this value is set to Y0, G0 and B0, the protection criterion is Neutral-Admittance, Neutral-
Conductance, and Neutral-Susceptance, respectively.

DIRECTION
Range: Non-directional, Forward, Reverse
Default: Non-directional
When set to Non-Directional, the element operates in both forward and reverse direction.When set to
“Forward”, the element operates when the fault is detected in the forward direction. When set to Reverse, the
element operates when the fault is detected in the Reverse direction.The following figures show the interactions
between different setting options of the parameters Mode and Direction per the tripping and operating ranges of
the Neutral Admittance Ground Fault protection.

Note:
This is setting is not applicable to protection criterion mode Y0.

ANGLE CORRECTION
Range: 0.0 to 359.0° in steps of 0.1°
Default: 0.0°
This setting specifies the correction angle between current and voltage.
In addition, this setting can be used to correct the relative polarity of the ground current with respect to voltage. If
the polarity of the current is reversed or not relative to voltage, this setting can be used to change the polarity.
When “180 deg” is selected, the measured admittance Y0 is multiplied with -1 which corresponds to a 180
degree shift in current direction.

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jB
Y✵ ✂ ✵ ✁(I✵ V✵ )
I
V✵

Y✆ ✠ ✆ ✟(I✆ ✞ V✆ ✝ ✶✄☎)
I
V✆

Secondly, this angle can also be used to eliminate the angular errors of the voltage transformer and/or current
transformers (CT); measured phase angle deviations caused by measuring inaccuracy of voltage transformers,
can be eliminated by properly setting this value.

jB
Y0'
✄ Y0

c
✂

+
Y0
✂ ✁c
Y0
- Y0"

Y0 REACH
Range: 0.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 1.00 mS
This setting defines the reach of neutral admittance based protection criterion. Neutral Admittance Ground Fault
protection will operate after the set Pickup Delay time when the neutral admittance quantity, Y0, exceeds this
reach level. Regardless of the DIRECTION setting, this element always operates in the non-directional mode.
Operating characteristic depends only on the pick-up threshold defined by this setting.

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G0 FWD REACH
Range: -500.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 1.00 mS
This setting defines the pickup level of protection criterion based on the neutral conductance. Neutral Admittance
Ground Fault protection will operate after the set Pickup Delay time when the neutral conductance quantity, G0,
exceeds the reach level defined by this setting. This setting is not applicable when the DIRECTION setting is set
to Reverse.

G0 REV REACH
Range: -500.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: -1.00 mS
This setting defines the pickup level of protection criterion based on the neutral conductance. Neutral Admittance
Ground Fault protection will operate after the set Pickup Delay time when the neutral conductance quantity, G0,
lies below the reach level defined by this setting. This setting is not applicable when the DIRECTION setting is
set to Forward.
Depending on pick-up threshold (G0) and directional settings, conductance characteristics are as follows:

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Chapter 9 - Protection

jB jB

Block Operate Operate Block

G G

G0 Fwd G0 Rev
Reach Reach

Forward Direction Operate/Block Characteristic Reverse Direction Operate/Block Characteristic

jB jB

Operate Block Operate Block Operate Block

G G

G0 Rev G0 Fwd G0 Fwd G0 Rev

Reach Reach Reach Reach

Non-directional Operate/Block Characteristic Non-directional Operate/Block Characteristic

when G0 Fwd Reach G0 Rev Reach when G0 Fwd Reach ❁ G0 Rev Reach

B0 FWD REACH
Range: -500.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 1.00 mS
This setting defines the pickup level of the protection criterion based on the neutral susceptance. Neutral
Admittance Ground Fault protection will operate after the set Pickup Delay time when the neutral susceptance
quantity, B0, exceeds this setting. This setting is not applicable when the DIRECTION setpoint is set as Reverse.

B0 REV REACH
Range: -500.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: -1.00 mS
This setting defines the pickup level of the protection criterion based on the neutral susceptance. Neutral
Admittance Ground Fault protection will operate after the set Pickup Delay time when the neutral susceptance
quantity, B0, lies below the reach level defined by this setting. This setting is not applicable when the
DIRECTION setting is set to Forward.
Depending on pick-up threshold (B0) and directional settings, susceptance characteristics are as follows:

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jB jB

Operate

B0 Fwd
Block Reach
G G

B0 Rev
Block Reach

Operate

Forward Direction Operate/Block Characteristic Reverse Direction Operate/Block Characteristic

jB jB
Block

B0 Fwd B0 Rev
Block Reach Reach
G G

B0 Rev Operate B0 Fwd

Reach Reach

Operate Block

Non-directional Operate/Block Characteristic Non-directional Operate/Block Characteristic

when B0 Fwd Reach B0 Rev Reach when B0 Fwd Reach ❁ B0 Rev Reach

Note:
All the reach settings, for admittance, conductance, and susceptance, are expressed in secondary Siemens.

MINIMUM CURRENT
Range: 0.02 to 1.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.02 x CT
Range (for sensitive ground when Current Input is set to K1 Isg): 0.005 to 0.100 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.005 x CT
This setting specifies the minimum limit of the measuring process ground/sensitive ground current to activate
Neutral Admittance Ground/Sensitive Ground Fault protection. The element remains blocked until the ground/
sensitive ground current value for building the protective criterion exceeds this minimum limit.

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.01 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 0.01 x VT

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This setting specifies the minimum limit of the measuring process ground voltage to activate Neutral Admittance
Ground Fault protection. The element remains blocked until the ground voltage value for building the protective
criterion exceeds this minimum limit.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 600.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.100 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the function.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 600.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s
This setting specifies a dropout time delay for the function.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The element will be blocked, when the selected operand is asserted.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
The element will be blocked, when the selected operand is asserted.

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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9.2.6.1

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SETPOINT
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
FUNCTION:
Any Trip
Disabled=0

OUT-OF-STEP (78)
LED: TRIP
Trip
AND

Latched Trip Operate Output Relay 1(TRIP)

OR

OR
Alarm
SETPOINT
Latched Alarm

AND
DIRECTION: S
Configurable
AND

Y0 REACH: LATCH
G0 FWD REACH:
SETPOINT R
G0 REV REACH: LED: ALARM

IMPEDANCE ELEMENTS
BLOCK: S0 FWD REACH:
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Off=0 S0 REV REACH:
OR

Any Alarm
RUN jB

AND
Operate
Y0 S
AND

Block G
LATCH SETPOINT
SETPOINT SETPOINT
VOLTAGE INPUT: MIN VOLTAGE: Command R Output Relay X
J2 V0 MIN CURRENT: RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
J2 Vaux RUN jB SETPOINT

AND
V < Min Voltage FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
PICKUP DELAY:
K2 V0 Operate Operate

OR
Block Ntrl Admit 1 OP
OR

I < Min Current G

K2 Vaux tPKP
OR

G0 G0 tDOP

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINT Ntrl Admit 1 PKP
RUN jB

AND
ANGLE CORRECTION:
SETPOINT B0 Operate
RUN
CURRENT INPUT: Y0 = Mag(I0/V0) G

that pass through both blinders and outside the mho characteristic.
J1 I0 = Ang(I0/V0) Block
Y
J1 Ig B0 Operate
✂
G0 = Y0*cos( Y)

Figure 157: Neutral Admittance Ground Protection logic diagram

K1 I0
✂
B0 = Y0*sin( Y)
K1 Ig
✂
K1 Isg ACTUAL VALUES
Ntrl Admit Mag
Ntrl Admit Angle
Ntrl Conductance
SETPOINT
MODE: Ntrl Susceptance
Y0
G0
S0

☎✝✆ ☎✄✁

swings that pass through the motor and a limited portion of the system, but to prevent operation on stable swings
element measures the positive-sequence apparent impedance, and traces its locus with respect to a single blinder
The Out-of-step element provides an out-of-step (loss-of-synchronism or pole slip) tripping function for motors. The

operating characteristic with an offset mho supervisory. The purpose of the supervisory mho is to permit tripping for

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Chapter 9 - Protection

The out-of-step tripping feature operates as follows: The trip sequence identifies unstable power swings by
determining whether the impedance locus enters one blinder, spends a finite time between the left and right blinder
characteristics, and then exits the opposite blinder. The out-of-step trip process is supervised by a mho
characteristic. If the locus enters the left blinder, right blinder and mho characteristic (indicated by the AND
operation of OOS LFT BLD PKP and OOS RGT BLD PKP FlexLogic operands) for an interval longer than PICKUP
DELAY, the timing out signal (OOS TIMER PKP FlexLogic operand) is established. After the PICKUP DELAY timer
times out, latch 1 is set as long as the impedance stays within the mho characteristic. If afterwards, at any time
(given the impedance stays between the two blinders characteristic), the locus exits from the opposite blinder, latch
2 is set as long as the impedance stays inside the mho characteristic. The element is now ready to trip. If the
“Blinder Exit” trip mode is selected, the OOS OP operand is set immediately and sealed-in for the interval set by the
SEAL-IN DELAY. If the “MHO Exit” trip mode is selected, the element waits until the impedance locus leaves the
mho characteristic, and then the OOS OP operand is set and sealed-in.
The element is set to use the single blinder characteristic with a supervisory mho as illustrated below.

The FlexLogic output operands for the out-of-step element are described as follows:
● The OOS Lft Bld PKP, OOS Rgt Bld PKP, and OOS Timer PKP FlexLogic operands are auxiliary operands
that can be used to facilitate testing and special applications.
● The OOS OP FlexLogic operand can be used to trip the circuit breaker to isolate the loss-of-synchronism .
Follow these steps for a typical setting procedure of the out-of-step element:
1. Carry out detailed transient stability studies for the overall system.
2. Determine the values of generator transient reactance (X'd), step-up transformer reactance (XT), and system
impedance under maximum generation (ZmaxS). The total impedance is given by:

3. Determine the values of the motor transient reactance (X'd), and system impedance (ZS). The total
impedance is given by Ztotal = ZS + j * X’d
4. Set MHO FORWARD REACH to 1.5 times the transformer impedance in the system direction. Set MHO
REVERSE REACH to twice the generator transient reactance in the generator direction.
5. Set MHO REVERSE REACH for 0.05 to 0.15 times the motor transient reactance. Set MHO FORWARD
REACH to twice the motor transient reactance in the motor direction.
6. Set BLINDERS RCA to the angle of Ztotal, θ.

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7. Using the results of transient stability analysis, find the critical angle δc between the and the system, beyond
which the system begins to become unstable. If a stability study is not available, this angle is typically set at
120°. Then, 10 degrees are normally added in order to increase relay operation security, δ = δc +10.
8. Determine the blinder distance, d, from the following equation:

9. Set RIGHT BLINDER and LEFT BLINDER to d.

10. Using the results of the transient stability analysis, find the PICKUP DELAY, which is shorter than the time
required for the impedance locus to travel between the left and right blinders during the fastest expected out-
of-step.
11. Validate the settings with the transient stability study cases.

Figure 158: A Typical Out-of-step Setting

Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Impedance > Out of Step

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (not 859)

Range: Positive Impedance 1, Positive Impedance 2
Default: Positive Impedance 1
This setting provides the selection for the positive sequence impedance which is calculated by terminal side or
neutral side CT. Positive sequence impedance 1 is calculated using 3-phase J1 currents and 3-phase J2
voltages. Positive sequence impedance 2 is calculated using 3-phase K1 currents and 3-phase J2 voltages.

MHO FORWARD REACH

Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01 ohms

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: 2.00 ohms

This setting specifies the forward reach of the mho characteristic. The reach impedance is entered in secondary
ohms. The reach impedance angle is fixed to 90 degrees.

MHO REVERSE REACH

Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01 ohms
Default: 2.00 ohms
This setting specifies the reverse reach of the mho characteristic. The reach impedance is entered in secondary
ohms. The reach impedance angle is fixed to -90 degrees.

RIGHT BLINDER
Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01 ohms
Default: 2.00 ohms
This setting defines the right blinder position of the blinder characteristic along with the resistive axis of the
impedance plane, expressed ins secondary ohms. The angular position of the blinder is adjustable with the use
of the BLINDERS RCA setting.

LEFT BLINDER
Range: 0.10 to 500.00 ohms in steps of 0.01 ohms
Default: 2.00 ohms
This setting defines the left blinder position of the blinder characteristic along with the resistive axis of the
impedance plane, expressed ins secondary ohms. The angular position of the blinder is adjustable with the use
of the BLINDERS RCA setting.

BLINDERS RCA
Range: 40 to 90° in steps of 1°
Default: 90°
This setting defines the angular position of the left and right blinders.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 1.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.100 s
This setting should be set to detect the fastest expected unstable power swing and produce out-of-step tripping
in a secure manner. This timer defines the interval that the impedance locus must spend between the left and
right blinders to establish the out-of-step tripping signal. This time delay must be set shorter than the time
required for the impedance locus to travel between the left and right blinders during the fastest expected out-of-
step. Setting the delay too long can reduce dependability.

TRIP MODE
Range: Blinder Exit, MHO Exit
Default: MHO Exit
Selecting Blinder Exit results in an instantaneous trip after the last step in the out-of-step tripping sequence
is completed (the impedance locus leaves the opposite blinder). The Blinder Exit trip mode stresses the circuit
breakers as the currents at that moment are high (the electromotive forces of the two equivalent systems are
close to 180° apart).

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Selecting MHO Exit results in a trip at the moment when the impedance locus leaves the mho characteristic.
The MHO Exit trip mode relaxes the operating conditions for the breakers as the currents at that moment are
low, preventing the breakers from a maximum recovery voltage during interruption. The selection should be
made considering the capability of the breakers in the system.

POS SEQ CURR SUPERVISION

Range: 0.05 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 1.00 x CT
A common overcurrent pickup level supervises the left and right blinder characteristics. The supervision
responds to the positive sequence current.

SEAL-IN DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 1.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.100 s
The out-of-step trip FlexLogic operand (OOS OP) is sealed-in for the specified period of time. The sealing-in is
crucial to the MHO Exit trip mode, as the original trip signal is a very short pulse occurring when the impedance
locus leaves the mho characteristic after the out-of-step sequence is completed.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Latched

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9.2.7.1

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LED: TRIP
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

POWER ELEMENTS
OR

Any Trip
SETPOINT S
AND

FUNCTION: LATCH
Disabled R
Trip LED: ALARM
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

DIRECTIONAL POWER (32)

Latched Trip
OR

Any Alarm
Alarm

OR
Latched Alarm S
AND

S Q3

XOR
Configurable LATCH SETPOINT
LATCH3 R
SETPOINT SETPOINT Command Output Relay X

AND
Reset- RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
BLOCK: POS SEQ CURR SUPV:
Dominant
Off=0 RUN FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
R
OOS OP
OR

Figure 159: Out-of-step Protection Logic Diagram

| I_1 | > PICKUP
FlexLogic Operands

AND
S Q4

AND
VT Fuse Fail 1 OP
LATCH4

From System\Motor\Setup Reset-

0.5 cyc Dominant
SETPOINTS
R

AND
0
Synchronous Motor Type SETPOINTS
None=0 MHO FWD REACH:

AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS MHO REV REACH:
FlexLogic Operands
Motor Starting RIGHT BLINDER: SETPOINT
OOS Rgt Bld PKP
Motor Running LEFT BLINDER: TRIP MODE:

OR
Motor Overload BLINDERS RCA: Blinder Exit

AND
SM Field Applied RUN OOS Lft Bld PKP
SETPOINT Mho Exit
PICKUP DELAY:
tPKP

AND
SETTING Mho SETPOINT OOS Timer PKP
0
AND

S Q1
AND

SIGNAL INPUT 0.5 cyc

AND

RUN 0 SEAL-IN DELAY:

V1 Impedance 1 or 2 depending LATCH1 0
OR

on Signal Input selection S Q2

OR

I1 Reset-
Left Blinder tRST
Dominant LATCH2
AND

delta-connected VTs. In the latter case, the two-wattmeter method is used.

RUN 0.5 cyc R
0
AND

Set-Dominant
AND

R
Right Blinder

✆☎✁✄✄✂✁

The relay provides two identical Directional Power elements per protection group; a total of 12 elements.
The Directional Power element responds to three-phase directional power and is designed for reverse power

generation. The relay measures the three-phase power from either a full set of wye-connected VTs or a full-set of
(32REV) and low forward power (32FWD) applications for synchronous machines or interconnections involving co-

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Chapter 9 - Protection

The element has an adjustable characteristic angle and minimum operating power as shown in the Directional
Power characteristic diagram. The element responds to the following condition:
Pcosq + Qsinq > MIN
Where:
● P and Q are active and reactive powers as measured per the metering convention
● Ɵ is a sum of the element characteristic (DIR POWER 1 RCA) and calibration (DIR POWER 1
CALIBRATION) angles
● SMIN is the minimum operating power.
The element has two independent (as to the PICKUP and DELAY settings) stages for Alarm and Trip, and they can
be set separately to provide mixed power protection.

Figure 160: Directional Power characteristic

By making the characteristic angle adjustable and providing for both negative and positive values of the minimum
operating power, a variety of operating characteristics can be achieved as presented in the figure below. For
example, section (a) in the figure below shows settings for reverse power, while section (b) shows settings for low
forward power applications.

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Figure 161: Sample applications of the Directional Power element

Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Power > Directional Power 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option

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Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (Not 859)

Range: Power 1, Power 2
Default: Power 1
This setting provides the selection for the power input. Depending on the order code selection, the
corresponding CT/VT inputs to calculate power are selected under Setpoints > System > Power Sensing.

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 50000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the length of time to block this function when the motor is starting. The element is active
only when the motor is running and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start for a period of time specified by
this setting. For example, this block may be used to allow pumps to build up head before the element trips or
alarms. A value of 0 specifies that the feature is not blocked from start. For values other than 0, the feature is
disabled when the motor is stopped and also from the time a start is detected until the time entered expires.

RCA
Range: 0 to 359° in steps of 1°
Default: 180°
This setting specifies the Relay Characteristic Angle (RCA) for the Directional Power function. Application of this
setting provides the following benefits:
It allows
○ the element to respond to active or reactive power in any direction (active overpower/underpower,
etc.).
Together
○ with a precise calibration angle, it allows compensation for any CT and VT angular errors to permit
more sensitive settings.
It allows
○ for required direction in situations when the voltage signal is taken from behind a delta-wye
connected power transformer and phase angle compensation is required.

For example, the active overpower characteristic is achieved by setting DIR POWER 1 RCA to “0°,” reactive
overpower by setting DIR POWER 1 RCA to “90°,” active underpower by setting DIR POWER 1 RCA to “180°,”
and reactive underpower by setting DIR POWER 1 RCA to “270°”.

CALIBRATION
Range: 0 to 0.95° in steps of 0.05°
Default: 0°
This setting allows the Relay Characteristic Angle to change in steps of 0.05°. This may be useful when a small
difference in VT and CT angular errors is to be compensated to permit more sensitive settings.
The setting enables calibration of the Directional Power function in terms of the angular error of applied VTs and
CTs. The element responds to the sum of the DIR POWER 1 RCA and DIR POWER 1 CALIBRATION settings.

STAGE 1 SMIN
Range: -3.000 to 3.000 x Rated Power in steps of 0.001 x Rated Power
Default: 0.100 x Rated Power
The setting specifies the minimum power as defined along the relay characteristic angle (RCA) for the stage 1 of
the element. The positive values imply a shift towards the operate region along the RCA line; the negative

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values imply a shift towards the restrain region along the RCA line. Refer to the Directional power sample
applications figure for details. Together with the RCA, this setting enables a wide range of operating
characteristics.
The setting applies to three-phase power and the rated power is as follows:
Rated Power = 3 x VTSecondary (phase-neutral) x VTRatio x CTPrimary(Wye-connected VT), or Rated Power
= (3)1/2x VTSecondary (phase-phase) x VTRatio x CTPrimary (Delta-connected VT)
For example:
A setting of 2% for a 200 MW machine is 0.02 × 200 MW = 4 MW.
If 7.967 kV is a primary VT phase-neutral voltage and 10 kA is a primary CT current, the source rated power is
239 MVA, and, SMIN must be set at 4 MW/239 MVA =0.0167 x Rated ≈ 0.017 x Rated.
If the reverse power application is considered, RCA = 180° and SMIN = 0.017 x Rated.
The element drops out if the magnitude of the positive-sequence current becomes virtually zero, that is, it drops
below the cutoff level.

STAGE 1 DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.500 s
The setting specifies a time delay for stage 1. For reverse power or low forward power applications for a
synchronous machine, stage 1 is typically applied for alarming and stage 2 for tripping.

STAGE 2 SMIN
Range: -3.000 to 3.000 x Rated Power in steps of 0.001 x Rated Power
Default: 0.100 x Rated Power
The setting specifies the minimum power as defined along the relay characteristic angle (RCA) for stage 2 of the
element. The setting needs to be coordinated with the setting of stage 1.

STAGE 2 DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 20.000 s
The setting specifies a time delay for stage 2. For reverse power or low forward power applications for a
synchronous machine, stage 1 is typically applied for alarming and stage 2 for tripping.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

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TARGETS

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Chapter 9 - Protection

LED: TRIP

AND
SETPOINT FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
DIR POWER 1

OR
Any Trip
FUNCTION:
Disabled S

AND
LATCH
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled

Trip
Latched Trip R

REACTIVE POWER (40Q)

LED: ALARM
Alarm

OR
AND
Latched Alarm FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR

Any Alarm
Configurable

Figure 162: Directional Power logic diagram

S
SETPOINTS AND LATCH SETPOINT
BLOCK: Command R Output Relay X
Off=0 RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

AND
SETPOINT DirPwr 1 OP
OR

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
START BLOCK DELAY:
Motor Stopped tBLK SETPOINTS
0
DIR POWER 1
Applicable to 869 & 859
RCA:
SETPOINTS
DIR POWER 1
I1* > CURRENT CUTOFF CALIBRATION: DIR POWER 1
DIR POWER 1 STAGE 1 DELAY:
OR

*In 850, I1 is positive-sequence current of the FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

current source selected to determine Power ‘Current Cutoff’ is programmed under STAGE 1 SMIN: tPKP
configured under setting ‘Signal Input’. In 869, I1 is Path: Setpoints\Device\Installation DIR POWER 1 DirPwr 1 Stg1 OP
measured as J1 I_1. In 859, I1 is measured as I_1.
STAGE 2 SMIN: 100ms
Three-phase Power RUN DirPwr 1 Stg1 PKP
Real Power (P) DIRECTIONAL POWER
Reactive Power (Q) CHARACTERISTICS DirPwr 1 Stg2 PKP

SETPOINTS
DIR POWER 1
LED: PICKUP
STAGE 2 DELAY: DirPwr 1 PKP
OR

tPKP
DirPwr 1 Stg2 OP
100ms
✞✝✆☎✄✂✁

In a synchronous motor application, the reactive power element can be used to detect excitation system
malfunction, e.g. under excitation, loss of excitation, etc. Once the 3-phase total reactive power exceeds the

389
Chapter 9 - Protection

positive or negative level, for the specified delay, a trip or alarm occurs indicating a positive or negative KVAR
condition. VTFF detection can be used to block this function.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1 > Power > Reactive Power

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Reactive Power Trip functionality.

POSITIVE VAR TRIP PICKUP

Range: 0.02 to 2.00 x Rated in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.80 x Rated
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the positive MVAR trip function. The level is programmed as a
multiple of Rated MVAR calculated from the rated MVA and rated power factor. Rated reactive power is
calculated as follows: Rated Reactive Power = Rated MVA x sin(cos-1(Rated Power Factor))
Rated MVA and Rated Power Factor are programmed under Setpoints > System > Motor.

POSITIVE VAR TRIP PICKUP

Range: 1 to 25 kvar in steps of 1
Default: 25 kvar
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the positive var trip function.

NEGATIVE VAR TRIP PICKUP

Range: 0.02 to 2.00 x Rated in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.80 x Rated
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the negative var trip function.

NEGATIVE VAR TRIP PICKUP

Range: 1 to 25 kvar in steps 1
Default: 25 kvar
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the negative var trip function.

POSITIVE VAR TRIP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 10.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the positive var trip function. Once the 3-phase total reactive power
exceeds the positive level for the duration of the Positive var Trip Delay time, a trip will occur indicating a positive
var condition.

NEGATIVE VAR TRIP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the negative var trip function.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

TRIP RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Reactive Power alarm functionality.

POSITIVE VAR ALARM PICKUP

Range: 0.02 to 2.00 x Rated in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.85 x Rated
This setting is typically set at a level less than the Positive var Trip Pickup for the alarm function.

POSITIVE VAR ALARM PICKUP

Range: 1 to 25000 kvar in steps of 1
Default: 10 kvar
This setting is typically set at a level less than the Positive var Trip Pickup for the alarm function.

NEGATIVE VAR ALARM PICKUP

Range: 0.02 to 2.00 x Rated in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.85 x Rated
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the negative var alarm function.

NEGATIVE VAR ALARM PICKUP

Range: 1 to 25000 kvar in steps of 1
Default: 10 kvar
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the negative var alarm function.

POSITIVE VAR ALARM DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 10.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the positive var alarm function.

NEGATIVE VAR ALARM DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the negative var alarm function.

ALARM RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

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Chapter 9 - Protection

BLOCK FROM ONLINE

Range: 0.00 to 5000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.50 s
In a synchronous motor application, it may be desirable not to trip or alarm on reactive power until the speed of
the machine is near the synchronous speed or the field has been applied. Therefore, this feature can be blocked
upon the initiation of a motor start for a period of time specified by this setting. From that point forward, the
reactive power trip and alarm elements are active. A value of zero for the block time indicates that the reactive
power protection is active as soon as motor start is detected.

Note:
The setpoint BLOCK FROM ONLINE is hidden when the order code includes Phase Currents - Slot K option C5/D5 and the
setpoint SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR TYPE (under Setpoints > System > Motor Setup) is programmed as Brushless or
Brush-type. In this case, the Reactive Power element activates when the motor is synchronized (field applied) and therefore
the motor state becomes SM Running or Overload=1 with field applied.

Note:
The setpoint BLOCK FROM ONLINE is visible when the order code does not include Phase Currents - Slot K option C5/D5 or
when the setpoint SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR TYPE (under Setpoints > System > Motor Setup) is programmed as None. In
this case the Reactive Power element runs after the BLOCK FROM ONLINE timer expires.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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 393
frequency signal. It also provides an extra security condition before considering that the new incoming period would
be valid and available for the estimation of the frequency. The frequency is updated with the integration of the last
The relay provides a selection to detect between Normal and Hi-Speed Freq as input to detect underfrequency,

The Normal frequency estimation algorithm checks the time between two positive zero-crossing of the effective
overfrequency and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). Compared to the regular metered voltage frequency
❅✽❇❦P✭➁➀➀➀❿❽
✱✰✭✢✭ ✯✤✮✭✢
✾✿ ✱✰✭✢✭
❀✥❀ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ◗✼✴ ✩★✽✼✻✺✹✸✷✶
❀✥❀ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ✸❁❀ ✬
✪✫ ✦✴✣✵✮✤✴✳✲ ✱✰✭✢✭
✕②✛❑①✖✘✙ ▲✚✇ ✙◆✈✖◆✉
✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
❂●✹●✷❘❁✶❼❂✼✐
✞✝❣♥✆✆q ✞♥✝❣♣ ☎
✰ ✬
❿❾❽ ✪✫ ✞♦✁♥✄✝♠❧ ✄✁✂✁
❀✣ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ◗✼✴ ✯✤✮✭✢ ✬ ✾✿ ❤❢❣❢❢❡❞ ☎
✕②✛❑①✖✘✙ ▲✚✇✙◆✈✖◆✉ ✪✫ ✔✓✒✑✡✏☞ ✎✍✌☞✠☛✡✠✟
✐ ✬
✪✫

value, the Hi-Speed Freq input has a faster response time, but is less accurate.
✾✿ ✩★✼●❁✴
✦✼❆❥✮ ❅❁❂❁✱ ❦❇●❥✐
❀✣ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ✸❁❀ ✬ ❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❍ ❏❅✼❊❁❀ ✼❃✷❂❇✹✼✰❏
✕②✛❑①✖✘✙ ▲✚✇✙◆✈✖◆✉ ✪✫ ✩ t❝t❂
■
✾✿
✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
✩ ❴ ❅✹❄❈ ●✼❋❊ ✩ ❝❜❛❂ ✬
✦s✭✢❵✶ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✹◗✼✴ ✴✳✰ ✬ ✪✫ ✞✝✆✆✁✂☎ ✄✁✂✁
✕✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕ ✦❵✴✵✢✴✣ ✱✣✰✲ ✥✤✣✢✜
❂●✹●✷❘❁✶❼❂✼✐ ✦❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✹◗✼✴ ✪✫ ✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕ ✔✓✒✑✡✏☞ ✎✍✌☞✠☛✡✠✟
✰ ✮❵✐❵✰ ✗✛✚ ✙✘✗✖✕
✽●✹❘❘❁✤ ✩★✧✣
✼❂✹❅✼❆✣ ③✼❂✹❅✼❆✣ ❂❁✴ ❁✶ ✯✤✮✭✢ ❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❍ ❏❅✼❊❁❀ ✼❃✷❂❇✹✼✰❏
✦✸❥✹✻✼✰ ❂❉❆❂❉✣ ❘❅✹✻✭ ✾✿ ■
✦✥✤✣✢✜
✩ t❝t❂ ✩ ❍ ❅✹❄❈ ●✼❋❊ ✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
✕✗✛✚ ✙✘✗✖✕ ✐ ✬ ✬
✪✫

FREQUENCY PROTECTION COMMON SETUP

✾✿ ✪✫ ✦s✭✢❵✶ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✷✸❁❀
✕✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
✴✳✰
✱✰✭✢✭ ✦✶❵✢ ✦❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❘❅✹✻✭ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✷✸❁❀ ✼✻✺✹❅❉◗r●❁✤
✬ ✗✛✚✙ ✘✗✖✕ ✬ ❆✷❅✮ ✽✼❋❇❂✹✢
✪✫ ✪✫ ✾✿
❆✷❅✮
✩★✽✼✻✺✹✸✷✶
✦✴✣✵✮✤✴✳✲ ❀✵✰✮
❀✥❀ ❆✷❅✮ ❅✹❄ ◗✼✴
❀✥❀ ❆✷❅✮ ❅✹❄ ✸❁❀ ✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
✕②✛❑①✖✘✙ ▲✚✇✙◆✈✖◆✉
❀✣ ❆✷❅✮ ❅✹❄ ◗✼✴ ❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❍ ❏❅✼❊❁❀ ✼❃✷❂ ❇✹✼✰❏
❻❺❹❸❷⑤❶✙ ⑩⑨⑧⑦◆⑥⑤④✉ ✾✿ ■
✩ t❝t❂ ✩ ❴ ❅✹❄❈ ●✼❋❊
✦s✭✢❵✶ ❀✵✰✮ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✹◗✼✴ ✴✳✰
❂●✹●✷❘❁✶❼❂✼✐ ✕✗✛✚✙ ✘✗✖✕
✦❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❆✷❅✮ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✹◗✼✴
✰ ✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
❫❱❚❪❭❬❩❨❳❲❱❚❯❚❙ ❘❁❅✲
✯✤✮✭✢ ❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❍ ❏❅✼❊❁❀ ✼❃✷❂ ❇✹✼✰❏

Figure 163: Reactive Power Logic Diagram

✼❃✷❂ ❇✹✼✰ P❅❊❀

FREQUENCY ELEMENTS
✩ ■
✐ ✬ t❝t❂ ✩ ❍ ❅✹❄❈ ●✼❋❊ ✕✖▼◆❑❖ ◆❑▼✗▲❑
✾✿ ✪✫ ✦s✭✢❵✶ ❀✵✰✮ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✷✸❁❀ ✴✳ ✰
✕✗✛✚✙ ✘✗✖✕ ✦❆❉❈❇✷❀ ❆✷❅✮ ❅✹❄ ✼❃✷❂✷✸❁❀
✬ ✗✛✚✙✘✗✖✕
✪✫
❀✣ ❆✷❅✮ ❅✹❄ ✸❁❀
❻❺❹❸❷⑤❶✙ ⑩⑨⑧⑦◆⑥⑤④✉ ✾✿
❂●✹●✷❘❁✶❼❂✼✐
✰ ✮❵✐❵✰
✽●✹❘❘❁✤
✼❂✹❅✼❆✣ ③✼❂✹❅✼❆✣ ❂❁✴ ❁✶ ✯✤✮✭✢
✦✸❥✹✻✼✰ ❂❉❆❂❉✣ ❆✷❅✮ ✾✿
✕✗✛✚✙ ✘✗✖✕ ✐ ✬
❆✷❅✮ ✦✶❵✢ ✾✿ ✪✫
✬
✪✫
Chapter 9 - Protection

859-1601-0911
9.2.8.1
9.2.8
Chapter 9 - Protection

16 stored periods. When there is a large change in frequency between two consecutive periods, the estimation of
the frequency is updated with the integration of the last 4 valid periods.
The Hi-Speed Freq estimation algorithm is less restrictive and checks the time between two consecutive zero-
crossings in both directions of the effective frequency signal. Therefore, one measurement (raw frequency) would
be available every half cycle. The frequency is updated with the integration of the latest valid stored periods. The
number of periods used for the calculation is specified by the setting Semicycles Set. Another estimation of the
frequency is also provided after the integration of the latest valid stored periods but considering the setting
Semicycles Reset.
The Actual value Hi-Speed Freq is available under Path: Measurement > Hi-Speed Freq.

High-Speed Frequency
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
This setting enables measurement of Hi-Speed Freq. When enabled, all the frequency-based elements (UF, OF,
ROCOF) provide user-configurable selection between Normal and Hi-Speed Freq. The selection between
Normal and Hi-Speed Freq is specified by the setpoint Frequency Input. When disabled, all the frequency-
based elements (UF, OF, ROCOF) use Normal Frequency.

Freq Set # Semi-Cycles

Range: 5 to 16
Default: 5
Short Description:
The number of semi-cycles used for frequency estimation.

Freq Reset # Semi-Cycles

Range: 3 to 16
Default: 3
The number of semi-cycles used for frequency estimation to evaluate the reset conditions.

9.2.8.2 UNDERFREQUENCY (81U)

The relay can be used as the primary detecting relay in automatic load-shedding schemes based on
underfrequency. The need for such a relay arises if during a system disturbance, an area becomes electrically
isolated from the main system and suffers a generation deficiency due to the loss of either transmission or
generation facilities. If reserve generation is not available in the area, conditions of low system frequency occur
which can lead to a complete collapse. The relay provides several identical Underfrequency (UNDERFREQ)
elements per protection group, which can automatically disconnect sufficient load to restore an acceptable balance
between load and generation. The Underfrequency element can be set as an instantaneous element with no time
delay or as a definite time delayed element. The Underfrequency element has the programmable minimum
operating thresholds to prevent undesired operation during periods of light load or unavailable voltage. The input
voltages are the three phase-to-phase voltages from delta connected VTs (PTs), three phase-to-ground voltages
from wye connected VTs (PTs), or single phase auxiliary voltage. The input currents are the three phase currents.
The Underfrequency Pickup flag is asserted when the measured frequency of the specified source is below the PKP
value and the voltage and current are above the MINIMUM levels. The Underfrequency Trip flag is asserted if the
element stays picked up for the time defined by the Pickup time delay. The element drops from Pickup without
operation if the measured frequency rises above 0.03Hz of the Pickup value and stays dropped-out for the defined
time delay before the time for operation is reached.
The minimum operating voltage setting selects the minimum voltage below which the element is blocked.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

The minimum operating current setting selects the minimum current below which the element is blocked. Operation
during periods of light load are prevented.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Frequency > Underfrequency 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

START BLOCK DELAY (only 859, 869)

Range: 0.00 to 5000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the length of time to block this function when motor is starting. The element is active only
when the motor is running and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start for a period of time specified by this
setting. For example, this block may be used to allow pumps to build up head before the element trips or alarms.
A value of 0 specifies that the feature is not blocked from start. For values other than 0, the feature is disabled
when the motor is stopped and also from the time a start is detected until the time entered expires.

FREQUENCY INPUT
Range: Normal, High-Speed
Default: Normal
You can select Normal or High-speed frequency as an input. Compared to the regular metered voltage
frequency value, the high-speed frequency has the faster response but lesser accuracy. This setpoint is only
available when Hi-Speed Freq is enabled under the path: Setpoints\Protection\Frequency\Common Setup.

PICKUP
Range (normal frequency): 15.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Range (high-speed frequency): 40.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Default: 59 Hz

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 2.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 2.000 s
Default: Ph VT Bnk1-J2

VT INPUT
Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: Ph VT Bnk1-J2 or LEA Bnk1-J2, Dependent on order code

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.000 to 1.250 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Default: 0.700 x VT
The setting sets the minimum voltage for Underfrequency element operation specified per times VT. The setpoint
prevents incorrect operation before energization of the source to the relay location, and during voltage dips.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection and SIGNAL INPUT is set to Ph VT Bnk1-J2, the positive sequence voltage is used
as the supervision voltage. In such condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting since
the base of VT here is the phase-phase voltage.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection, the positive sequence voltage is used as the supervision voltage. In such
condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting since the base of VT here is the phase-
phase voltage.

Note:
When the source input for tracking frequency differs from that used for Under Frequency function, due to frequency variations,
you may encounter notable voltage measurement errors as the frequency of input signal moves away from the tracking
frequency source input. For instance, when the setting Frequency Input is configured to auxiliary voltage (from the 4th VT),
while the tracking frequency comes from the main source's three-phase voltages, any difference between the frequency of the
auxiliary voltage (Vx) and the three-phase voltages (3VT) leads to a magnitude measurement error in Vx, caused by the
deviation of Vx frequency from the main frequency

CT INPUT (not for 859 or 889)

Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: CT Bank 1-J1 or CT Bank 1-K1, dependent on order code

MINIMUM CURRENT
Range: 0.000 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.200 x CT
The setting sets the minimum value of current required on any phase to allow the Underfrequency element to
operate. The setpoint is used to prevent underfrequency tripping during periods of light load, when this action
would have an insignificant effect on the system. A setting of zero is suspend current supervision.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched

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 9.2.8.3

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Chapter 9 - Protection

SETPOINT
FUNCTION:
Disabled FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
Trip
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output Relay
Latched Trip
AND
1(TRIP)
Alarm Configurable in 845 & 859

OR
OR

Latched Alarm
Configurable S
AND

LATCH
SETPOINT
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND START BLOCK DELAY: R
Motor Stopped tBLK LED: ALARM
0
AND

Applicable to 869 & 859 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR

Any Alarm

OVERFREQUENCY (81O)
S
AND

LATCH SETPOINT
Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINTS Underfreq 1 OP
OR

AND
BLOCK:
Off=0

SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS
UNDERFREQ1 UNDERFREQ1
CT INPUT PICKUP DELAY:
MINIMUM CURRENT:

Figure 164: Underfrequency Protection logic diagram

SETPOINTS
Not Applicable to 869 & 859 UNDERFREQ1
RUN UNDERFREQ1 SETPOINTS
DROPOUT DELAY:
Positive-sequence I MINIMUM PICKUP:
OUTPUT RELAYS (3-7):
869: CT Bank 1 – J1 RUN tPKP

AND
AND
Do Not Operate, Operate
AND

859: CT Bank
0<f ✁ PICKUP tDPO
OR

SETPOINTS LED: PICKUP

SETPOINTS
VT INPUT* Fast reset delay
UNDERFREQ1 SETPOINTS 60 ms
8S*: Ph VT Bnk 1 – J2 MINIMUM VOLTAGE: 0
UNDERFREQ1
859: Ph VT Bnk
AND

RUN PICKUP: Underfreq 1 PKP

* except 859 Positive-sequence
RUN

AND
V MINIMUM

wye/delta 0 < f high-speed ✁ PICKUP

Composite FREQUENCY f
Vx (not appliable to 859) FREQUENCY f high-speed f reset > PICKUP
FREQUENCY f reset

SETPOINTS

Freq Set #Semicycles

SETPOINTS

Freq Reset #Semicycles

SETPOINTS

Frequency Input

Normal
High-speed
☞☛✡✠✟✞✆✝✆☎✂✄

The relay provides several identical Overfrequency (OVERFREQ) elements per protection group.
A significant overfrequency condition, likely caused by a breaker opening and disconnecting load from a particular

the over speed can lead to a turbine trip, which would then subsequently require a turbine start up before restoring
generation location, can be detected and used to quickly ramp the turbine speed back to normal. If this is not done,

397
Chapter 9 - Protection

the system. If the overfrequency turbine ramp down is successful, the system restoration can be much quicker. The
overfrequency monitoring feature of the relay can be used for this purpose at a generating location.
The Overfrequency feature is inhibited from operating unless the magnitude of the positive sequence or auxiliary
voltage rises above a threshold. When the supply source is energized, the overfrequency delay timer is allowed to
start timing only when the threshold is exceeded and the frequency is above the programmed Pickup level. In the
same way, when an overfrequency condition starts the overfrequency delay timer and the voltage falls below the
threshold before the timer has expired, the element resets without operating.
The Overfrequency element may be set as an instantaneous element with no time delay, or as a definite time
delayed element. The Overfrequency element has a fixed minimum operating threshold to prevent undesired
operation during periods of unavailable voltage. The input voltages are the three phase-to-phase voltages from
delta connected VTs (PTs), three phase-to-ground voltages from wye connected VTs (PTs), or single phase auxiliary
voltage.
The settings of this function are applied to each source to produce Pickup and Operate flags. The Overfrequency
Pickup flag is asserted when the measured frequency of the specified source is above the PKP value and the
voltage is above the threshold. The Overfrequency Operate flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the
time defined by the Pickup time delay. The element drops from Pickup without operation if the measured frequency
decreases below 0.03 Hz of the Pickup value and stays dropped out for the defined time delay before the time for
operation is reached.
The minimum operating voltage is set as a threshold below which the element is blocked.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Frequency > Overfrequency 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT
Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: Ph VT Bnk1-J2 or LEA Bnk1-J2, Dependent on order code
This setting provides selection of the frequency input.

FREQUENCY INPUT
Range: Normal, High-Speed
Default: Normal
You can select Normal or High-speed frequency as an input. Compared to the regular metered voltage
frequency value, the high-speed frequency has the faster response but lesser accuracy. This setpoint is only
available when Hi-Speed Freq is enabled under the path: Setpoints\Protection\Frequency\Common Setup.

START BLOCK DELAY (only 859, 869)

Range: 0.00 to 5000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies the length of time to block this function when motor is starting. The element is active only
when the motor is running and is blocked upon the initiation of a motor start for a period of time specified by this
setting. For example, this block may be used to allow pumps to build up head before the element trips or alarms. A
value of 0 specifies that the feature is not blocked from start. For values other than 0, the feature is disabled when
the motor is stopped and also from the time a start is detected until the time entered expires.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

PICKUP
Range (normal frequency): 15.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Range (high-speed frequency): 40.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Default: 59 Hz

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 2.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 2.000 s

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.000 to 1.250 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Default: 0.700 x VT
The setting sets the minimum voltage for Overfrequency element operation specified per times VT.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection and SIGNAL INPUT is set to Ph VT Bnk1-J2, the positive sequence voltage is used
as the supervision voltage. In such condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting since
the base of VT here is the phase-phase voltage.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection, the positive sequence voltage is used as the supervision voltage. In such
condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting since the base of VT here is the phase-
phase voltage.

Note:
When the source input for tracking frequency differs from that used for Under Frequency function, due to frequency variations,
you may encounter notable voltage measurement errors as the frequency of input signal moves away from the tracking
frequency source input. For instance, when the setting `Frequency Input' is configured to auxiliary voltage (from the 4th VT),
while the tracking frequency comes from the main source's three-phase voltages, any difference between the frequency of the
auxiliary voltage (Vx) and the three-phase voltages (3VT) leads to a magnitude measurement error in Vx, caused by the
deviation of Vx frequency from the main frequency.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled

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 TARGETS

859-1601-0911
Default: Enabled

Default: Self-reset
Chapter 9 - Protection

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP
8S: To operate Output Relay
SETPOINT

AND
1(TRIP)
FUNCTION: Configurable in 845 & 859
Disabled OR
S
Trip

AND
LATCH
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched

Latched Trip
R
Alarm

OR
LED: ALARM
Latched Alarm

AND
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Configurable

Figure 165: Overfrequency logic diagram

OR

Any Alarm
SETPOINT
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND AND S
START BLOCK DELAY:
Motor Stopped tBLK 0 LATCH SETPOINT
Applicable to 869 & 859 Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BLOCK:
Overfreq1 OP
OR

Off=0

AND
Voltage Inputs
None

SETPOINTS SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS
OVERFREQ1
SIGNAL INPUT*: OVERFREQ1 PICKUP DELAY:
MINIMUM OPERATING SETPOINTS
WYE DELTA VOLTAGE: OVERFREQ1
OVERFREQ1
VA VAB DROPOUT DELAY:
RUN PICKUP:
VB VBC Positive-sequence RUN tPKP

AND
V MINIMUM
AND

VC VCA tDPO

OR
f PICKUP
Composite

Vx* FREQUENCY f LED: PICKUP

FREQUENCY f high-speed
*Not applicable to 859 FREQUENCY f reset FAST RESET DELAY
SETPOINTS 60 ms FlexLogic Operands
SETPOINTS 0
OVERFREQ1 Overfreq1 PKP
AND

PICKUP:
Freq Set #Semicycles
RUN

AND
Freq Reset #Semicycles
f high-speed PICKUP
From: Setpoints\Protection\
Frequency\Common Setup
f reset < PICKUP

SETPOINTS

Frequency Input

Normal
High-speed ✞✝✁✆☎✄✂✁

400
Chapter 9 - Protection

9.2.8.4 FREQUENCY RATE OF CHANGE (81R)

There is one Frequency Rate of Change protection element which can respond to rate of change of frequency with
voltage, current and frequency supervision.
The Rate of Change element may be set as an instantaneous element with no time delay or as a definite time
delayed element. The rate of change element has the programmable minimum operating voltage and current
thresholds to prevent undesired operation under specific system conditions.
The settings of this function are applied to each source to produce Pickup and Trip flags.
The Frequency Rate of Change Pickup flag is asserted when the calculated frequency rate of change of the
specified source is above the PKP value, the voltage and current are above the MINIMUM levels, and the frequency
is within a certain range. The Frequency Rate of Change Trip flag is asserted if the element stays picked up for the
time defined by the Pickup time delay. The element instantaneously drops from Pickup without operation, if the
frequency rate of change drops below 96% of the Pickup value, before the time for operation is reached.
The minimum voltage and current thresholds select the minimum voltage and current below which the element is
blocked.
The minimum and maximum frequencies set the operating frequency range out of which the element is blocked.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Frequency > Frequency Rate of Change 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

FREQUENCY INPUT
Range: Normal, High-Speed
Default: Normal
You can select Normal or High-speed frequency as an input. Compared to the regular metered voltage
frequency value, the high-speed frequency has the faster response but lesser accuracy. This setpoint is only
available when Hi-Speed Freq is enabled under the path: Setpoints\Protection\Frequency\Common Setup.

TREND
Range: Decreasing, Increasing, Bi-directional
Default: Decreasing
The setting allows configuring of the element to respond to increasing or decreasing frequency, or to a frequency
change in either direction.

PICKUP
Range: 0.10 to 15.00 Hz/sec in steps of 0.01 Hz/sec
Default: 0.50 Hz/sec
The setting specifies an intended Pickup threshold.
For applications monitoring a decreasing trend, set TREND to Decreasing and specify the Pickup threshold
accordingly. The operating condition is: -df/dt > PKP.
For applications monitoring an increasing trend, set TREND to Increasing and specify the pickup threshold
accordingly. The operating condition is: df/dt > PKP.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

For applications monitoring rate of change of frequency in any direction, set TREND to “Bi-Directional” and
specify the Pickup threshold accordingly. The operating condition can be either of the above two conditions.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 2.000 s
This setting provides a definite Pickup time delay. Instantaneous operation is selected by a Pickup time delay
setting of 0.000 s.

MINIMUM FREQUENCY
Range (normal speed): 20.00 to 80.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Range (high-speed): 40.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Default: 45.00 Hz
The setting defines the minimum frequency level required for operation of the element.
The setting may be used to effectively block the feature based on frequency. For example, if the intent is to
monitor an increasing trend but only if the frequency is already above certain level, this setting is set to the
required frequency level.

MAXIMUM FREQUENCY
Range: 20.00 to 80.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz (3.x.x, normal speed with 4.xx)
Range: 40.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz (4.xx high speed)
Default: 65.00 Hz
The setting defines the maximum frequency level required for operation of the element.
The setting may be used to effectively block the feature based on frequency. For example, if the intent is to
monitor a decreasing trend but only if the frequency is already below a certain level (such as for load shedding),
this setting is set to the required frequency level.

VT INPUT
Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: Ph VT Bnk1-J2 or LEA Bnk1-J2, Dependent on order code
This setting provides selection of the frequency input.

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.000 to 1.250 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Default: 0.700 x VT
The setting defines the minimum voltage level required for operation of the element. The supervising function
responds to the positive-sequence voltage. Overvoltage supervision is used to prevent operation under specific
system conditions such as faults.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection and FREQUENCY INPUT is set to Ph VT Bnk1-J2, the positive sequence voltage is
used as the supervision voltage. In such condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting
since the base of VT here is the phase-phase voltage.

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Chapter 9 - Protection

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection, the positive sequence voltage is used as the supervision voltage. In such
condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting since the base of VT here is the phase-
phase voltage.

CT INPUT
Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: CT Bank1-J1 or CT Bank1-K1, dependent on order code
This setting provides the current bank selection for the minimum current setting.

MINIMUM CURRENT
Range: 0.000 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.200 x CT
This setting defines the minimum current level required for operation of the element. The supervising function
responds to the positive-sequence current. Typical application includes load shedding. Set the Pickup threshold
to zero if no overcurrent supervision is required. The setting of zero suspends the current supervision.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The element will be blocked when the selected operand is asserted.

OUTPUT RELAYS
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Each relay can be selected to become either energized or de-energized when operated, and to operate as latched,
self-resetting or pulsed.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
The selection of the Enabled setting enables the events of the function.

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset
This setting is used to define the operation of an element target message. When disabled, no target message is
issued upon operation of the element. When set to Self-Reset, the target message and its LED indication
follow the operate state of the element, and self-reset once the operate element condition clears. When set to
Latched, the target message will remain visible after the element output returns to logic 0 until a RESET
command is received by the relay.

859-1601-0911 403
 9.2.8.5

859-1601-0911
conditions are given:
Chapter 9 - Protection

● System splits into islands.

LED: TRIP
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR

Any Trip
SETPOINT

danger of losing generation capacity.

FUNCTION: S
AND

LATCH
Disabled
R
Trip
LED: ALARM
Latched Trip
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Alarm

OR
OR

Any Alarm
Latched Alarm

FAST UNDERFREQUENCY
Configurable S
AND

LATCH SETPOINT
Command R Output Relay X
SETPOINTS
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
BLOCK:
Off=0 FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SETPOINTS

AND
FreqRate1 OP
OR

FREQ RATE TREND:

Current Inputs SETPOINTS Decreasing

OR
SETPOINTS FREQ RATE Increasing

FREQ RATE MINIMUM CURRENT: Bi-directional

CT INPUT: RUN

OR
CT Bank 1 – J1 Positive-sequence SETPOINTS
OR

I MINIMUM
Only 850 and 845 SETPOINTS
FREQ RATE
Voltage Inputs FREQ RATE PICKUP: PICKUP DELAY:
None FlexLogic Operands
AND RUN tPKP
FreqRate1 Dwn OP

AND
SETPOINTS

● Busbars, generator group or interconnection feeders trip.

-df/dt PICKUP 0
FREQ RATE SETPOINTS
VT INPUT: SETPOINTS
FREQ RATE SETPOINTS
869 Ph VT Bnk 1 – J2 MINIMUM VOLTAGE: FREQ RATE
FREQ RATE PICKUP: PICKUP DELAY:
859 Ph VT RUN
RUN tPKP
AND

Figure 166: Frequency Rate-of-Change Protection logic diagram

Positive-sequence
V MINIMUM FreqRate1 Up OP
wye/delta df/dt PICKUP 0

Composite SETPOINTS
FreqRate1 Up PKP
Vx FREQ RATE
MIN FREQUENCY:

FREQ RATE FreqRate1 Dwn PKP

Note: Aux Voltage (Vx) is not applicable to MAX FREQUENCY:
859 LED: PICKUP
RUN

● Inadequate load forecast or deficient generation capacity programming.

FREQUENCY f
f > MIN & f < MAX

FreqRate1 PKP
OR

✟✞✝✆☎✄✂✁ RATE OF CHANGE df/dt

of big frequency variations, the regulator is not able to correct itself, and the frequency value decreases which the
When the frequency variation is small, the unbalance condition is corrected by the generator regulator. In the case

404
Frequency variations originate from unbalance conditions between generation and load. The main reasons for these
Chapter 9 - Protection

If this underfrequency condition is not corrected a general blackout may occur.

In case of a shortage of generation capacity, the only possible way of recovering the stability of the system is
through a selective load shedding scheme. The load disconnection is done when the frequency goes down below
certain thresholds, in order to provide adequate reaction time for the generators to recover via their speed
regulators.
It is important to point out that when the frequency decreases quickly, relay operation based on the detection of the
underfrequency condition may not be enough to recover stability. In this case the load shedding scheme must also
take into account the rate of change of frequency. This is done by calculating the frequency derivative over time.
Loads are shed, based not only on an absolute (static) underfrequency threshold, but also on the dynamic rate of
change of frequency.
The Fast Underfrequency element is mainly used in medium voltage and distribution substations as a selective load
shedding scheme. By doing so, frequency recovers stability and potentially dangerous situations that might affect
generators in other parts of the electrical system are avoided.
The Fast Underfrequency element measures frequency by detecting the consecutive voltage zero crossings and
measuring the time between them. The measured frequency has a range between 20 to 70 Hz. The out-of-range
measurement will be classified as invalid, which will not affect the behavior of the SET and RESET counters. The
fast frequency is the average value of the measured frequency in a short window. Compared to the regular metered
voltage frequency value, the fast frequency has the faster response but lesser accuracy.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Frequency > Fast Underfrequency > Common Setup

FREQUENCY INPUT
Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: Ph VT Bnk1-J2
This setting provides the selections for the frequency signal source.

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.10 to 1.10 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.40 x VT
The setting sets the minimum voltage for all Fast Underfrequency elements operation specified per times VT.
The setpoint prevents incorrect operation if the voltage decreases below the threshold.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection and SIGNAL INPUT is set to Ph VT Bnk1-J2, the positive sequence voltage is used
as the supervision voltage. In such condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3) of the user setting since
the base of VT here is the phase-phase voltage.

Note:
If the 3-phase VT uses a delta connection, the positive sequence voltage is used as the supervision voltage. In such
condition, the true supervision level is internally changed to 1/Ö3 of the user setting since the base of VT here is the phase-
phase voltage.

SEMICYCLES SET
Range: 1 to 20 in steps of 1
Default: 3
This setting specifies a SET counter prior to picking up. When the frequency is detected to be below the setting
(and the rate of change is below the setting as well if in the DF/DT Type), the element starts counting for
however many consecutive half-periods (semi cycles) it continues below the setting. If the SET counter is

859-1601-0911 405
Chapter 9 - Protection

reached, the pickup signal of the element is activated and the element starts the delay timer set independently
for each element. However, the invalid frequency measurement will not affect the SET counter.

SEMICYCLES RESET
Range: 0 to 4 in steps of 1
Default: 0
If the frequency transiently restores and pickup conditions are not satisfied, the element freezes the SET counter
to pick up and starts counting the number of semi cycles to reset the element. If the count of semi cycles to reset
reaches the value set in the setting SEMICYCLES RESET, then the element is reset. On the other hand, if the
pickup conditions are satisfied before reset, the element will continue the count of semi cycles to set from where
it was left. The invalid frequency measurement will not affect the SET counter.
The SEMICYCLES SET and SEMICYCLES RESET settings are common for the eight Fast Underfrequency
elements.
Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Frequency > Fast Underfrequency > Fast Underfreq1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

TYPE
Range: UF Only, UF and DF/DT
Default: UF Only
This setting specifies the input to the element. The UF Only type uses only the frequency value. The UF and
DF/DT type considers both frequency and rate of change of frequency (df/dt) as the input.

UNDERFREQENCY PICKUP
Range: 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Default: 59.00 Hz
This setpoint sets the Underfrequency Pickup level.

RATE OF CHANGE PICKUP

Range: -10.00 to -0.10 Hz/sec in steps of 0.01 Hz/sec
Default: -0.75 Hz/sec
This setpoint sets the Rate of Change Pickup level.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 1.000 s

RESET DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

859-1601-0911 406
Chapter 9 - Protection

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
LED: TRIP

AND
SETPOINT
FUNCTION: Operate Output Relay 1(TRIP)

OR
Disabled=0
S

AND
Trip
Latched Trip LATCH
OR

Alarm R
Latched Alarm LED: ALARM

AND
Configurable
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
Any Alarm

AND
S

SETPOINT LATCH SETPOINT

SETPOINT R
SETPOINT MINIMUM VOLTAGE: Command Output Relay X
SETPOINTS
UF PICKUP:
AND

BLOCK: RUN RESET Do Not Operate, Operate

PICKUP DELAY:
Off=0 RUN SETPOINT
V MINIMUM RESET DELAY: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SEMICYCLES SET:
AND

OR
0 < f < PICKUP tPKP Fast UF 1 OP
OR

J2 Voltage Input RUN Counter

SETPOINT tRST
RESET
FREQUENCY INPUT: SETPOINT
TYPE:
LED: PICKUP
WYE DELTA
UF Only
AND

VA VAB
SETPOINT
VB VBC Positive-sequence UF and df/dt SETPOINT FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SEMICYCLES RESET:
VC VCA ROC PICKUP: Fast UF 1 PKP
RUN Counter
RUN
Composite
RESET
Frequency f Rate of Change df/dt df/dt < PICKUP
Vx
894127C1.vsdx

Figure 167: Fast Underfrequency logic diagram

859-1601-0911 407
CHAPTER 10

MONITORING
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 409
Monitoring Overview 410
Breaker monitoring 411
Contact Monitoring 419
Broken Rotor Bar 421
Electrical Signature Analysis (ESA) 426
Stator Inter-turn Fault 441
Functions 446
Starter Failure 469
Harmonic Detection 471
Power Quality/Voltage Disturbance 474
Speed 478
RTD Temperature 482
RTD Trouble 487
Loss of Communications 488

859-1601-0911 409
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.2 MONITORING OVERVIEW

Setpoints Breaker Breaker Monitoring

Device Breaker Arcing Current
System Breaker health
Inputs Contactor Contactor Monitoring
Outputs ESA
Protection Broken Rotor Bar
Monitoring Stator Inter-turn
Control Functions Power Factor Current
Flexlogic Harmonic Detection Demand Real Power
Testing Speed Protection Pulsed Outputs Reactive Power
RTD Temperature Digital Counters Apparent Power
Loss of Comms Time of Day Timers 894521B1
Figure 168: Monitoring Display Hierarchy

859-1601-0911 410
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.3 BREAKER MONITORING

10.3.1 BREAKERT MONITORING

If the breaker is open and the current remains above 2% of CT for longer than the MONITOR DELAY, or if the
breaker is closed and the current remains below 2% of CT for longer than the MONITOR DELAY, then a trip or
alarm will occur (according to the relay settings). If Relay 1 is assigned under the TRIP RELAY SELECT setpoint,
then a trip will occur and a trip event will be recorded; otherwise, an alarm will occur and an alarm event will be
recorded.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Breaker > BKR 1 Monitor > BKR [X] Monitor

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the breaker monitoring functionality. The trip function directly operates trip Relay 1 when
Relay 1 is selected as a trip relay under setpoint TRIP RELAY SELECT (Path: Setpoints > System > Breakers
> Breaker [X]).

MONITOR DELAY
Range: 0.0 s to 60.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.0 s

OUTPUT RELAY
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Any auxiliary relay configured under this setpoint can be operated by the Breaker Monitor function.

Note:
The Breaker Monitor function also operates the Trip Relay logic when the Relay 1 is selected under the setpoint TRIP RELAY
SELECT.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Reactive Power can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

859-1601-0911 411
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Logic diagram
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✞✟✣✣✍✠✘ ✺ ✯☞✔✜☞✔ ✺✑✏✍✬ ❀
❪❫❴❵❛ ❜ ❝❞❡❡❛❢❣ ❤✐❴❥
✦ ✺✼✿✼✛ ✖✟ ❁✟✔ ✯✜✑✌✍✔✑❂ ✯✜✑✌✍✔✑
❪❫❴❵❛ ❦ ❝❞❡❡❛❢❣ ❤✐❧❥ ❃✍❈☛ ❉ ✚❊✚❋ ● ✞✛ ✧
✱✲✁✳✲☎✴✆✵ ☎✄✁✶✷✝✸
❪❫❴❵❛ ♠ ❝❞❡❡❛❢❣ ❤✐❝❥ ✦
✧ ✭✹✺ ✫✟✠✕✔✟✌ ✯✻
★
✩
✪
P◗❘❙◗❚❯❱❲ ❚❳❘❨❩❬❭
✱✲✁✳✲☎✴✆✵ ☎✄✁✶✷✝✸
❍■❏ ♥♦♣q▼❖
✭✹✺ ✫✟✠✕✔✟✌ ✻✹✻
❄❆rr❅❋✢s❊✓✘✌

Figure 169: Breaker Monitoring logic diagram

10.3.2 BREAKER ARCING CURRENT

The relay provides one Breaker Arcing Current element. This element calculates an estimate of the per-phase wear
on the breaker contacts by measuring and integrating the current squared passing through the breaker contacts as
an arc. These per-phase values are added to accumulated totals for each phase and compared to a programmed
threshold value. When the threshold is exceeded in any phase, the relay can set an output operand and set an
alarm. The accumulated value for each phase can be displayed as an actual value.
The same output operands that are selected to operate the Trip output relay that is used to trip the breaker
indicating a tripping sequence has begun, are used to initiate this feature. A time delay is introduced between
initiation and starting of integration to prevent integration of current flow through the breaker before the contacts
have parted. This interval includes the operating time of the output relay, any other auxiliary relays and the breaker
mechanism. For maximum measurement accuracy, the interval between the change-of-state of the operand (from 0
to 1) and contact separation should be measured for the specific installation. Integration of the measured current
continues for 100 ms, which is expected to include the total arcing period.

Figure 170: Breaker Arcing Current Measurement

Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Breaker > BKR 1 Monitor > BKR 1 Arcing Current

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: CT Bank 1 -J1, CT Bank 2 -K1, CT Bank 3 -K2
Default: CT Bank 1 -J1
This setting provides selection of the current input source.

INITIATION
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand, digital input, virtual input or remote input that initiates the Breaker
Arcing Current scheme, typically the Trip signals from internal protection functions.

DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.00 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.030 s
The setpoint provides a delay interval between the time the tripping sequence is initiated and the time the
breaker contacts are expected to part, starting the integration of the measured current.

ALARM LEVEL
Range: 0 to 50000 kA2-c in steps of 1 kA2-c
Default: 1000 kA2-c
The setpoint specifies the threshold value (kA2-cycle) above which the output operand is set.

OUTPUT RELAYS X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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892743C1.vsdx
LED: Alarm

FlexLogic Operands
Do Not Operate, Operate
OUTPUT RELAYS 3 to 7
SETPOINTS

BKR 1 Arc OP
OR

Set-Dominant
LATCH # 1

R
S
OR
AND AND

Command

kA² cyc > Alarm Level

RESET

SETPOINTS

ALARM LEVEL:
BKR 1 ARCING

Select highest value

Add to accumulator

Total I² cycle
RECORDS

Set all to 0
IC² cycle
IA² cycle

IB² cycle
BKR 1 ARCING
CURRENTS
0

IC²t Integrate
IA²t Integrate

IB²t Integrate
100ms

RUN

RUN

RUN
0
SETPOINTS
BKR 1 ARCING
DELAY:
tdelay

OR

AND AND

OR
CLEAR BKR 1 ARCING
SETPOINTS

SETPOINTS

SETPOINTS

COMMAND
CT Bank current IC
CT Bank current IA
CT Bank current IB
BKR 1 ARCING

BKR 1 ARCING

BKR 1 ARCING
Latched Alarm
Configurable

INITIATION:
FUNCTION:

CURRENT:
Disabled

YES = 1
BLOCK:

NO = 0
Off = 0

Off = 0
Alarm

Figure 171: Breaker Arcing Current logic diagram

10.3.3 BREAKER HEALTH

The relay provides breaker health information by monitoring and analyzing the operation count, arcing energy of
breaking current, arcing time, tripping time, closing time and spring charging time if applicable. The breaker health
status depends on many factors, such as permissible operation number, magnitude of breaking current, mechanical
wear and contact wear.
The operation count is able to give direct information by comparing it with the permissible operation number. The
longer tripping time and closing time can provide an approximate estimation of trip/close coils and mechanical wear.
The increasing spring charging time may imply developing problems in motor and spring mechanisms. Meanwhile,
the increase in arcing energy of the breaking current may reflect the possibility of contact wear. Longer arcing time

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may suggest the loss of dielectric strength in the arc chamber. If the arcing energy or any of the time intervals is
above the related Pickup levels for the use-defined times, the Alarm Led is lit.
The scheme is equipped with three incomplete sequence timers for Trip/Close time, arc time and spring charge time
respectively. So it automatically resets the related time interval after the programmed delay.
A breaker operation function is also included, where breaker operation failure is caused by either of the following
conditions:
● The breaker does not respond to a Trip command within the programmed breaker operation delay time.
● The breaker does not respond to a Close command within the programmed time.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Breaker 1 > Breaker Health

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

MODE
Range: Detection, Monitoring
Default: Detection
The Breaker Health has two running modes: detection and monitoring. Since the monitored time intervals differ
for different breaker types and manufacturers, the detection mode can be used to help set the Pickup settings
based on the historical true values. The operation count, arcing energy of the breaking current, arcing time,
tripping time, closing time and spring charging time are measured and displayed in Records > Breaker Health,
but the element does not pick up when in detection mode. Monitoring mode is the normal mod e, wherein
measurements are analyzed and the element may pick up accordingly.

PRESET TRIP COUNTER

Range: 0 to 100000 in steps of 1
Default: 0
This setting pre-sets the actual operation number when the relay is starting in service or the record is cleared.

TRIP TRIGGER
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting assigns the trip initiation signal.

CLOSE TRIGGER
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting assigns the close initiation signal.

SPRING CHARGE STATUS

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setting selects the signal to show the status of Spring Charge. Normally, the contact input connected to the
auxiliary contact of the limit switch can be used.

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TRIP TIME PICKUP

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.050 s
The setting sets the Pickup level of the Trip time. The Trip time interval is initiated by the Trip Trigger signal and
stopped by the Open Status signal.

CLOSE TIME PICKUP

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.050 s
The setting sets the Pickup level of the Close time. The Close time interval is initiated by the Close Trigger signal
and stopped by the Close Status signal.

INCOMPLETE TRP/CLS TIME

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.100 s
The setting declares a breaker operation failure condition if the breaker does not respond within this time delay.
The setting should be greater than the Trip time PKP value and Close time PKP value.

ARC TIME PICKUP

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.100 s
The setting sets the Pickup level of the Arc time. The Arc time is initiated by the Open Status signal and stopped
when the current samples in one cycle are less than 0.02 CT. Then the Arc time is equal to the calculated time
interval minus one cycle.

INCOMPLETE ARC TIME

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.300 s
The setting declares an Arc time failure condition if there are currents flowing through the breaker after this time
delay. This setting should be greater than the Arc time PKP value.

SPRING CHARGE TIME PICKUP

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 15.000 s
This setting sets the Pickup level of the Spring Charge time. The Spring Charge time is measured from the pulse
duration of the Spring Charge Status.

INCOMPLETE CHARGE TIME

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 45.000 s
The setting declares a Charge time failure condition if the spring charging process is not finished after this time
delay. The setting should be greater than the Charge time PKP value.

ARC ENERGY PICKUP

Range: 1 to 100000 kA2-c in steps of 1 kA2-c

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Default: 1000 kA2-c

The setting sets the Pickup level of the arc energy. The arc energy value is calculated in the Breaker Arcing
Current element.

Note:
The arc energy is calculated by the breaker arcing current element. If the breaker arcing current element is disabled, the arc
energy is not calculated and this setting should not be used. The arc energy used here is the individual value for each trip and
not the accumulated value recorded in the Breaker Arcing Current element.

ALARM COUNTER
Range: 1 to 100 in steps of 1
Default: 5
The setting sets the alarm counter level. One counter is used to accumulate the Pickup data from all monitoring
quantities. If the counter value is above the alarm counter level, the LED is lit and one operand is asserted.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

LED: ALARM

AND

OR
AND
S

LATCH

Set-Dominant
Command
R
RESET

SETPOINTS
BKR HEALTH
FUNCTION: FlexLogic Operands
Disabled SETPOINTS BKR1 Hlth PKP
Alarm BKR HEALTH

OR
IN ALARM COUNTER:
Latched Alarm

OR
RUN SETPOINTS
Configurable
Counter Real Counter Alarm OUTPUT RELAYS (3-7):

SETPOINTS Command Do Not Operate, Operate

BLOCK: CLEAR RESET

AND
Off=0

AND
SETPOINTS
BKR HEALTH
MODE:

OR
Detection
Monitoring

SETPOINTS SETPOINTS
BKR HEALTH BKR HEALTH
AND

TRIP TRIGER: TRIP TIME PICKUP:

Off=0 RUN
BKR1 Hlth Trip PKP
t_trip PKP

FlexLogic Operand START SETPOINTS

t_trip
BKR1 Opened STOP BKR HEALTH

OR
ARC TIME PICKUP:
START RUN
Current Inputs START t_arc_A BKR1 Arc PKP A
STOP (t_arc_A-t_trip-1 cyc) PKP
Phase A Current (ia) ia < 0.02 xCT for one cyc
RUN
START BKR1 Arc PKP B
START t_arc_B (t_arc_B-t_trip-1 cyc) PKP
STOP
Phase B Current (ib) ib < 0.02 xCT for one cyc RUN
BKR1 Arc PKP C
START (t_arc_C-t_trip-1 cyc) PKP
START t_arc_C
STOP
Phase C Current (ic) ic < 0.02 xCT for one cyc
SETPOINTS
AND

BKR HEALTH
OR

INCOMPLETE ARC TIME:

AND

RUN
t_IAT
AND

t_IAT
OR

OR
BKR1 Arc Fail
AND

t_IAT
AND

Command
AND
OR

RESET
AND

SETPOINTS

BKR HEALTH
OR

INCOMPLETE TRP/CLS TIME:

AND

RUN
OR

BKR1 Hlth OP Fail

t_ITCT
OR
OR

SETPOINTS
AND

BKR HEALTH
AND

CLOSE TRIGER:
Off=0 SETPOINTS
BKR HEALTH
CLOSE TIME PICKUP:
RUN
FlexLogic Operands START BKR1 Hlth Cls PKP
t_close t_close PKP
BKR1 Closed STOP
SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS
BKR HEALTH
BKR HEALTH CHARGE TIME PICKUP:
SPRING CHARGE STATUS: RUN
BKR1 Hlth Chg PKP
Off=0 t_charge t_charge PKP

SETPOINTS

BKR HEALTH
INCOMPLETE CHARGE TIME:

RUN
t_ICT
BKR1 Charge Fail

SETPOINTS
OR

BKR HEALTH
ARC ENERGY PICKUP:
Arc Energy Inputs RUN
BKR1 Engy PKP A
IA2t cycle IA2t PKP
RUN
BKR1 Engy PKP B
IB2t cycle IB2t PKP
RUN
BKR1 Engy PKP C
IC2t cycle IC2t PKP

✁✂✄☎✆✁✝✞

Figure 172: Breaker Health and Operation logic diagram

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10.4 CONTACT MONITORING

If the contactor is open and the current remains above 2% of CT for longer than the MONITOR DELAY, or if the
contactor is closed and the current remains below 2% of CT for longer than the MONITOR DELAY, then a trip or
alarm will occur (according to the relay settings). If Relay 1 is assigned under the TRIP RELAY SELECT setpoint,
then a trip will occur and a trip event will be recorded; otherwise, an alarm will occur and an alarm event will be
recorded.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Contactors > Contactor 1 Monitor > Contactor [X] Monitor

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the contactor monitoring functionality. The trip function directly operates trip Relay 1 when
Relay 1 is selected as a trip relay under setpoint TRIP RELAY SELECT (Path: System > Contactors > Contactor
[X]).

MONITOR DELAY
Range: 0.0 s to 60.0 s in steps of 0.1s
Default: 0.0 s

OUTPUT RELAY
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Any auxiliary relay configured under this setpoint can be operated by the Contactor Monitor function.

Note:
Contactor Monitor function also operates the Trip Relay logic when the Relay 1 is selected under the setpoint TRIP RELAY
SELECT.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Reactive Power can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Logic diagram
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✒☞✠✓✔✕✟✠
✖✕✗✍✎✏✑✘✙✚ ✱✲✁✳✲☎✴✆✵ ☎✄✁✶✷✝✸
✛✌✕✜ ✢✠✬ ✛✌✕✜
✤✍✔✓✥✑✘ ✛✌✕✜ ✦ ★ ✤✻✖✼ ✛✽❃✹ ❄❅❆✼ ✛✟ ✟✜✑✌✍✔✑ ✔✥✑
✧ ✩
✢✏✍✌✣ ✪ ✗✑✏✑✓✔✑✘ ✭✌✑✍✮✑✌❇
✤✍✔✓✥✑✘ ✢✏✍✌✣ ✦ ✞✟✠✔✍✓✔✟✌ ✛✌✕✜ ✽✑✏✍✬
✧
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌✍✎✏✑
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
★
✫✟✠✕✔✟✌ ✖✑✏✍✬ ✩ ✿
✪
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✔ ✚ ✤✢✛✞✾
✭✏✟✓✮ ★ ✽
✩
✯✰✙✚ ✪ ★ ✤✻✖✼ ✢✤✢✽✫
✩
✪
✦ ✱✲✁✳✲☎✴✆✵ ☎✄✁✶✷✝✸
✧ ✢✠✬ ✢✏✍✌✣
❙❚❯❱❚❲❳❨❩ ❲❬❯❭❪❫❴
❍■❏❑▲▼❑■◆ ❖P◗❏◗❘ ★
★ ✩
✩ ✪ ✿
✪
✤✢✛✞✾ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✞✟✣✣✍✠✘ ✽ ✯☞✔✜☞✔ ✽✑✏✍✬ ❀
❵❛❜❝❞ ❡ ❢❣❤❤❞✐❥ ❦❧❜♠ ✽✻✿✻✛ ✖✟ ❁✟✔ ✯✜✑✌✍✔✑❂ ✯✜✑✌✍✔✑
✦
❵❛❜❝❞ ♥ ❢❣❤❤❞✐❥ ❦❧♦♠ ❃✍❈☛ ❉ ✚❊✚❋ ● ✞✛ ✧
✱✲✁✳✲☎✴✆✵ ☎✄✁✶✷✝✸
❵❛❜❝❞ ♣ ❢❣❤❤❞✐❥ ❦❧❢♠ ✦
✧ ✞✟✠✔ ✫✟✠✕✔✟✌ ✯✹
★
✩
✪
❙❚❯❱❚❲❳❨❩ ❲❬❯❭❪❫❴
✱✲✁✳✲☎✴✆✵ ☎✄✁✶✷✝✸
❍■❏❑▲▼❑■◆ ❍q■r◗❘
✞✟✠✔ ✫✟✠✕✔✟✌ ✹✺✹

❄❆ss❅❅✢t❊✓✘✌

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.5 BROKEN ROTOR BAR

Under healthy rotor conditions, there will be only the slip frequency (s*fs) current in the rotor. A broken rotor bar
creates an asymmetry in the rotor circuit which in turn creates a negative rotating magnetic field at slip frequency (-
s*fs) in the rotor. This negative slip frequency component in the rotor creates fs*(1-2*s) component in the stator. This
causes electromagnetic torque and speed oscillation at twice the slip frequency. This results infs*(1+2*s) and other
harmonics in stator current at fs*(1+2*k*s), where k is an integer and s is the slip. A defect in a rotor bar of an
induction motor causes modulation of the stator current. The impact of broken rotor bars on the stator current can
be determined by analyzing in the frequency domain. This approach to detecting rotor bar failures is called Motor
Current Signature Analysis (MCSA).
There are two methods of detecting a Broken Rotor Bar component.
1. Power Based Coherent Demodulation: This technique uses multiplication of voltage and current samples
thereby shifting the fundamental to DC and fault frequency to lower closer to DC value, to detect the broken
rotor bar component. This method is running when voltage is available and is meeting MOTOR VOLTAGE
SUPERVISION setting check.
2. Conventional current based FFT method: In case voltage is not available or the voltage magnitude is lower
than the MOTOR VOLTAGE SUPERVISION setting value, the algorithm switches to analyzing the frequency
spectrum from current samples only, to detect the broken rotor bar component.
The spectral components due to broken rotor bars can be expressed as: fb = (1 ± 2s)f1. The lower component is
due to broken bars, and the upper one is due to a related speed oscillation. Since the broken rotor bar disturbances
are of an “impulse nature” (not a pure sine wave), the broken rotor bar spectral components can be expressed more
accurately as: fS = (1 ± 2k*s)*f1, where k = 1,2, 3…
The amplitude of harmonic spectral components due to rotor bar defects, where k >= 2, is dependent on the
geometry of the fault. Their amplitude is significantly lower than the “main” sidebar component and they can be
ignored in this analysis.
The following figure shows the frequency spectrum of a Motor with Broken Rotor Bar:

Figure 173: EFT of Stator Current of Induction Machine with Rotor Bar Fault

The figure above shows that the envelope of the stator current waveform is heavily modulated with the broken rotor
frequency present at nearly ±12 Hz with respect to the fundamental frequency.
Patented Power Based Coherent Demodulation method is based on the multiplication of the current signal with any
supply of fundamental frequency signal. The supply frequency signal is readily available in the voltage signal.
Hence, for coherent demodulation, the current signal is multiplied by the corresponding phase or line voltage signal

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Va*Ia. This approach allows to increase the contrast between fault signature by shifting fault characteristic
frequency closer to the DC in the whole spectrum.
The FFT of the resultant multiplied signal is shown in the following figure. Comparison of the two figures shows a
clear contrast between fault signature and fundamental frequency in coherent demodulated signal compared to only
current FFT method signal.

Note:
This element is not applicable to synchronous motor applications.

Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Broken Rotor Bar

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled
When Alarm is selected and the Broken Rotor Bar operates, the LED alarm flashes, and self-resets when the
operating conditions are cleared. When Latched Alarm is selected, and the Broken Rotor Bar operates, the
LED alarm flashes during the Broken Rotor Bar operating condition, and is continually lit after the conditions are
cleared. The LED alarm is cleared by issuing the reset command. When Configurable is selected, the
ALARM LED does not turn on automatically. They need to be configured using their own menus and FlexLogic
operands.

START OF BRB OFFSET

Range: -12.00 to 11.99 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Default: 0.40 Hz
This setting defines the beginning of the frequency range where the spectral component due to a rotor bar
failure, is searched.
The setting must be set to a value equal to:

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

fstart_offset = 2*s* f1 – max(0.3, min(2*s* f1 – 0.4, 1.0))

where:
f1 =○system frequency
s = ○the motor slip at full load
max○ = returns the largest of its arguments
min○= returns the smallest of its arguments.

For example, if the full load slip is 0.01, set this setting to:
2*0.01*60 – 0.8 = 0.40 Hz, for a 60 Hz power system.

END OF BRB OFFSET

Range: -12.00 to 11.99 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Default: 2.00 Hz
This setting defines the end of the frequency range where the spectral component due to a rotor bar failure, is
searched.
This setting must be set to a value equal to:
fend_offset = 2*s* f1 + max(0.3, min(2*s* f1 – 0.4, 1.0))
where:
f1 =○system frequency
s = ○the motor slip at full load
max○ = returns the largest of its arguments
min○= returns the smallest of its arguments.
For example, if the full load slip is 0.01, set this setting to:
2*0.01*60 + 0.8 = 2.00 Hz, for a 60 Hz power system.

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 60.00 s
This setting specifies the time for which the broken rotor bar detection algorithm is blocked after the motor status
has changed from “Stopped” to “Running”. This ensures that the broken rotor bar element is active only when
the motor is running.

MINIMUM MOTOR LOAD

Range: 0.50 to 1.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.70 x FLA
This setting is used to block the data acquisition of the Broken Rotor Bar detection function, as long as the motor
load is below this setting. The Broken Rotor Bar detection algorithm cannot accurately determine the BRB
spectral component when a motor is lightly loaded.

MAXIMUM LOAD DEVIATION

Range: 0.00 to 1.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Default: 0.10 x FLA

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

This setting is used to block the data acquisition of the Broken Rotor Bar detection function, as long as the
standard deviation of the motor load is above this setting. The Broken Rotor Bar detection algorithm cannot
accurately determine the BRB spectral component when the motor load varies.

MAXIMUM CURRENT UNBALANCE

Range: 0.0 to 100.0% in steps of 0.1%
Default: 15.0%
This setting is used to block the data acquisition of the Broken Rotor Bar detection function, as long as the
current unbalance is above this setting. The Broken Rotor Bar detection algorithm cannot accurately determine
the BRB spectral component in a current unbalance situation.

MOTOR VOLTAGE SUPERVISION

Default: 50.0%
Range: 0.0 to 100.0% in steps of 0.1%
This setting is used to switch the detection technique from a Power based Coherent demodulation to a Current
based FFT detection method in case the minimum of the three phase-to-phase voltages falls below the setting
configured. This voltage is expressed as a percentage of the Setpoints > System > Motor > Motor Nameplate
Voltage setting. This setting is hidden for non-voltage order code devices.

PICKUP
Default: -40 dB
Range: -60 to -12 dB in steps of -1dB
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for this element. The pickup threshold is usually be set to a level
between –54 dB (likely a cracked rotor bar) and –50 dB (likely a broken rotor bar).

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 5 to 600 min in steps of 5 min
Default: 10 min
This setting is used to set the pickup time delay used to delay the pickup of the detection of the Broken Rotor
Bar condition.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 5 to 600 min in steps of 5 min
Default: 10 min
This setting is used to set the dropout time delay used to delay the dropout of the detection of the Broken Rotor
Bar condition.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Broken Rotor Bar is blocked when the selected operand is asserted.

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 425
✐❦❥✐✐❤❣❢
✌✆
✕✘☞✌❅✄
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Figure 174: Broken Rotor Bar Logic Diagram

☞✰✌✎✏✦ ✢✧✣✢✧☎ ✑✤✌✕✏✣☎ ✙☛❁✘✩▼✏✎✞
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❆✠✂✔✩ ✖✕✌✎✔
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled

✡✝✔
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✡✝✔
❇✦✔✩✔ ✛✡✁✩
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Default: Self-reset
Default: Enabled

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EVENTS:
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.6 ELECTRICAL SIGNATURE ANALYSIS (ESA)

Rotating machines are a critical component of many industrial processes and are frequently integrated in
commercially available equipment and industrial processes. The condition of a rotating machine can be effectively
monitored using a non-intrusive method called Electrical Signature Analysis (ESA). The concept is to treat the
electric machine as an implicit transducer built into machine-driven equipment; the current behavior can then be
used to show various operating conditions of the machine as well as the load it is driving.
Proven ESA algorithms are implemented in the 8 Series to detect various failure modes in a rotating machine and
its assembly. Some of the proven ESA applications are described as follows. Traditionally, machine condition can
be supervised by measuring quantities such as noise, vibration and temperature. The implementation of these
measuring systems is expensive and proves only to be economical in the case of large motors or critical
applications. A solution to this problem is to use quantities that are already measured in a drive system e.g. the
machine stator current, often required for command purposes. ESA is the technique used to analyze and monitor
the trend of dynamic energized systems.
Specifically, ESA is the monitoring of stator current or voltage (more precisely supply current) of the machine. A
single stator current or voltage monitoring system is commonly used (monitoring only one of the three phases of the
machine supply). Machine stator windings are used as a transducer in ESA, picking the signals (induced currents
and voltages) from the rotor (but also revealing information about the state of the stator). Various electrical and
mechanical fault conditions present in the machine further modulate machine current and/or voltage signal and
contribute to additional sideband harmonics. Faults in machine components produce corresponding anomalies in
the magnetic field and change the mutual and self-inductance of then machine and this appears in the supply
current and/or voltage spectrum as sidebands around line (supply, grid) frequency. Based on fault signatures motor
faults can be identified and their severity can be accessed.

Note:
The technology discussed in this manual has been patented (filed) with following disclosure numbers.

● GE 73745/316350: System, method and procedure for Industrial motor electrical signature analysis.
● US 15/489, 228: An autonomous procedure for electrical signature analysis based machine M&D.

10.6.1 ESA PROCEDURE

The following high-level procedure describes how a motor is diagnosed:
1. ESA captures current signal from the CT sensing mechanism available in the relay. No additional sensing or
wiring mechanism is required to install or use ESA.
2. Stator phase A current measured by the J1 slot is used for the purpose of motor current signature analysis.
3. Before doing analysis, a data quality check is performed to verify if the power quality condition is good.
Voltage, frequency, THD, signal stability and voltage/current unbalance levels are checked to be within
satisfactory limits. Signature analysis is performed only if the data quality check passes and an event is
generated if the check fails.
4. Once the data quality check has passed, FFT is applied on J1 phase A current samples to convert time
domain data into frequency domain and obtain current magnitudes at various frequency ranges of interest.
5. For each fault or anomaly, fault frequencies are computed based on supply frequency, speed, harmonic
factor, slip etc. depending on the fault type.
6. Normalized dB magnitudes are computed at fault frequencies (based on formulae) as the ratio of magnitude
at fault frequency and rated magnitude i.e.

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Magnitude in dB = 20 * Log10 (X1/Xr),

○ where 'X1' is peak magnitude within fault frequency 'f1' vicinity range in I^2 FFT
○ 'Xr' is rated quantity^2 of motor with same unit.
○ The Rated Current of Machine is MOTOR FULL LOAD AMPS (FLA) in settings under System >
Motor > Setup.
7. Peak magnitude in dB is computed as the highest magnitude observed at a specific fault frequency vicinity
range and Energy in dB is computed as the ratio of root mean square of 3 points around the fault frequency
corresponding to peak magnitude, w.r.t rated magnitude.
Energy in dB = 20 * Log10 (E1/Er)
where:
○ 'E1' is root mean square of 3 points around peak magnitude at fault frequency 'f1'
○ 'Er' is rated quantity or magnitude of motor (rated current) with same unit.
○ The Rated Current of Machine is MOTOR FULL LOAD AMPS (FLA) in settings under System >
Motor > Setup.
8. During baseline mode, the dBs are computed as per steps 6 and 7 which are then averaged over the entire
baseline period and then stored as averaged normalized dB with respect to each load bin of the motor. A load
bin is defined as the load interval of 10% within the 0% to 120% range of motor load operation, a total of 12
load bins.

Note:
The relay enters baseline mode at any time if the baseline data for a load bin is not available or has been erased.

9. During monitoring mode, the dBs are computed at every interval as per steps 6 and 7. These dB levels and
corresponding frequencies can be analyzed using an FFT spectrum analyzer, as shown in the next figure, at
Motor M&D > Records > ESA Record. This spectrum tool works like the Comtrade viewer available for
viewing transient records (Records > Transients > Transient Records) with the red, black and dark pink
lines indicating fault frequencies of bearing, mechanical and stator faults and their corresponding values. FFT
waveform will be visualized as per I^2 FFT format in file including fault frequencies and magnitudes.

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Figure 175: Relative Magnitude (dB) vs. Frequency (Hz)

Note:
To support event-based monitoring, an additional FFT file is captured and saved from Motor M&D > Records > ESA Record
(Last PKP). This can be used to analyze the dB values during event conditions.

10. Based on dBs computed in steps 8 and 9, the change in Peak magnitude and Energy dBs are computed as
the maximum difference in dB levels observed during baseline and monitoring modes at any of the fault
frequencies. The following example is indicative of how a change in dB is computed at various fault
frequencies.

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Figure 176: Fault indicating frequencies are highlighted

11. If the change in dB of peak and energy magnitude is greater than the pick up levels configured in the ESA set
points, then a corresponding fault element is triggered after the configured delay only if the level is sustained.
12. The dBs can be visualized in the form of a circle under Motor M&D > ESA Circle to determine the motor
status (normal, caution or alarm) as represented in the following figure.

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Figure 177: Motor status represented in circular format

○ A circle is drawn with 3 dBs taken into consideration – baseline dB corresponding to ‘k’ value where
maximum change in dB is observed, PKP level 1 dB setting and PKP level 2 dB setting as the radius of
circles corresponding to the baseline, caution and alarm zones (‘k’ is the fault harmonic factor).
○ The entire circle is divided into 12 equal sections covering 30 degrees of circumference corresponding
to each load bin. Load bin 1 starts at 0 degrees and ends with load bin 12 at the 360 degree point in
the anti-clockwise direction.
○ The latest or last computed maximum change in dB at a specific ‘k’ is represented as a ‘dot’ in the
current operating load bin and as a trajectory of the last 10 values in the history will be represented per
load bin. The dB data represented in circle format will correspond to the maximum change in dB from
baseline dB at a specific ‘k’ value in the formula (k = 1,2,3) related to the fault.

Note:
In cases where the baseline mode is disabled or the baseline data is not available, the user can configure bearing,
mechanical and stator function elements to operate based on peak magnitude (and energy) dBs. In such cases PKP 1 and
PKP 2 settings are configured to correspond to the magnitude level (i.e. an example of 75 dB and 65 dB for PKP 1 and PKP 2
settings). However, in this case the circle will not plot any data.

13. Motor M&D data is stored as a short-term historical log with a maximum of 4800 records with data logged at
every 15 minute interval and during every intermediate PKP when the motor is in monitoring mode.
○ The file is stored in the local PC folder where EnerVista D&I Setup software is installed. The filename
format is: log_ESA(Date_timestamp).txt, example: log_ESA20170511_162126.txt
○ The file can also be converted to .csv format
○ The file can be retrieved and viewed by using EnerVista D&I Setup software software in LDR (Learned
Data Record) format under Motor M&D > Records > Historical Log, as shown in the next screenshot.
Details of learned data record view can be found in the Records section under Learned Data.

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○ Additionally, the file can be converted to .xlsx or .xls format and opened using Microsoft excel for
analysis purposes or the trending of any parameter(s). T properly align data as rows/columns in the
excel format, open the file and delete cell A1 and select shift cells left.
○ The historical ESA data can also be viewed as trend charts for each sub-system of motor in the Motor
M&D menu.

Figure 178: Viewing Motor M&D data file

○ It is possible to retrieve the baseline data of all the load bins related to the ESA function as part of a
service report, which constitutes two files; ESA_baseline metering data, containing only normalized
peak dB baseline magnitudes per load bin and ESA_detailed baseline data containing all computed
baseline magnitudes per load bin at each fault frequency. The retrieved files can also be viewed offline
in EnerVista D&I Setup software.
○ An ESA health report can be generated in PDF format in Motor M&D > Records menu and contains
consolidated data of all the latest information related to the Broken Rotor Bar, Stator Inter-turn,
Bearing, Mechanical and Stator ESA functions. It also contains the latest FFT waveform and its data.
This report can be used by the maintenance team as digital records for asset management and
condition-based maintenance scheduling.

10.6.2 ESA APPLICATIONS

ESA application for Rolling Element Bearing Fault Detection

Bearing faults are only applicable to the roller element type where the ball bearing design has both outer and inner
races. For journal, sleeve or thrust bearings with alternate designs this algorithm is blocked.
The faults occurring in motor bearings are generally due to excessive load, rise of temperature inside the bearing
and use of bad lubricant. The bearing consists mainly of the outer race and inner race ways, the balls and cage.

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This analysis assumes equal distance between the balls. The different faults that may occur in a bearing can be
indicated as a single parameter based on any affected component as shown in the next figure.
● Outer raceway defect
● Inner raceway defect
● Ball defect

Figure 179: Ball bearing details

The Bearing Flt element uses FFT computation on the current signal to detect bearing failure on an electrical
machine. The operating condition can be defined as: Computing vibration frequency related to bearing damage
using this equation.

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◆ ✗ ❉
❢ ✈✖❜ ❂ ✂ ❜ ✕ ✭✶ ☎ ❜ ✡ ✭✎✏✑✠r r✝✍✠✡
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✁ ❉❜ ✻✌ ❉❝
where
● Nb is no. of rolling elements (see setpoint No of Rolling Elements for more details)
● Dc is cage diameter (see setpoint Cage Diameter for more details)
● Db is rolling ball diameter (see setpoint Rolling Element Ball Diameter for more details)
Compute stator current frequency related to bearing damage using the following equation.
fbearing = fsupply ± k ´ fvib
where
● k is any integer: 1,2,3
● fsupply is the actual supply frequency (when Frequency Tracking is Enabled), otherwise the Nominal
Frequency (programmed under System > Power System) is taken as supply frequency.
In case of I square FFT, the fault frequency equation for the bearing function will be fbearing = k * fvib
Identifying peak magnitudes or energy in dB at the stator current frequencies and calculating change in dB
magnitude for baseline (healthy mode) peak magnitudes or energy at the corresponding stator current frequencies
in dB for each load bin is given by the following equations:
Change in Energy dB = Energy dB (Latest) – Energy dB (Baseline)

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Change in Peak Magnitude dB = Peak magnitude dB (Latest) – Peak magnitude dB (Baseline)

ESA Application for Mechanical Fault Detection

Although mechanical faults like Foundation looseness, Eccentricity and Misalignment (FEM) are different fault
conditions in a rotating machine, they can be identified at the same set of stator current frequencies related to
eccentricity damage. Air-gap eccentricity represents a condition when air gap distance between the rotor and the
stator is not uniform. Two types of abnormal air-gap eccentricity exist: static and dynamic. In the case of static
eccentricity the position of a minimal radial air gap is fixed, while in the case of dynamic eccentricity the position of
the minimal air gap follows the turning of the rotor. Normal (concentric) state, static and dynamic eccentricities are
illustrated in the following figure. As the rotor bars recede or approach the stator magnetic fields, they cause a
change to the current in the stator. In the case of static eccentricity, sideband components appear at frequencies.

Figure 180: Eccentricity details

The Mechanical fault detection application uses ESA computation on the current signal to detect misalignment,
eccentricity and foundation-looseness failure cases of the machine. The operating condition can be defined by
computing the ESA frequencies related to the mechanical defects (shaft misalignment, load unbalance, loose
foundation, dynamic/static eccentricity). The ESA frequencies are calculated using the following equation.
✷ ❦ ✭✶ ❾ s ✮
❢ ❂ ❢ ❬✶ ➧ ❪
♠✁✂✄☎✁✆♥♠✝ ♥
P

where
● k is any integer: 1,2,3
● s is actual motor slip computed based on rated slip and actual input power
● P is number of poles programmed under System > Motor > Setup
● fsupply is actual supply frequency (when Frequency Tracking is Enabled), otherwise Nominal Frequency
(programmed under System > Power System) is taken as supply frequency.
In case of I square FFT, the fault frequency equation for the mechanical function will be:
fmechanical = k * fr
where rotational frequency in Hz (speed in rpm/60) is represented as fr
You can identify the peak magnitudes (or energy in dB at the mechanical fault frequencies) and calculate the
maximum change in dB at baseline (healthy mode) peak magnitudes (or energy at the corresponding fault
frequencies). This is performed with regard to the current load bin of the operation as given by the following
equations:
Change in Energy dB = Energy dB (Latest) – Energy dB (Baseline)
Change in Peak Magnitude dB = Peak magnitude dB (Latest) – Peak magnitude dB (Baseline)

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ESA Application for Stator Fault Detection

Stator faults cause damage to insulation, laminations, frames and winding due to various electro-mechanical and
thermal stresses.
The reasons and effects of this are as follows:
● Failure of insulation leading to turn-turn, phase-phase, coil-coil, phase to ground faults
● Rotor striking the stator due to misalignment
● Shaft deflection or bearing failure causing stator laminations to puncture the coil insulation leading to coil to
ground fault
● Transients in supply voltage due to power system faults, VFDs, operation of breakers leading to turn-turn or
turn-ground fault
● Thermal stress due to overcurrent flowing due to sustained overload or fault, higher ambient temperature,
obstructed ventilation, unbalanced supply voltage etc. increases winding temperature and reduces insulation
life.
● Environment stress based on ambient temperature
The relay detects stator faults using ESA based on fault frequencies computed as:
● CF ± Supply frequency sidebands and
● CF ± Supply frequency ± Rotational frequency sidebands
where:
● CF = Center Frequency = Rotational frequency (rps) * Number of stator slots
● Rotational frequency = Running speed in rpm/60
● Sideband represents the upper and lower frequency region for the stated frequency at the center.
For example, in the following figure ‘fc’ represents the center frequency and ‘fc+fm’ or ‘fc-fm’ represents sidebands
of ‘fc’.
In case of I square FFT the stator fault frequencies will be shifted by fundamental frequency and the new fault
frequencies will be as shown in the following figure i.e. fc (CF), 'fc+fm', 'fc-fm'.

Note:
Stator ESA will not be applicable in case of no voltage or in the 1-Ph VT option based on the voltage type setting in ESA.

Figure 181: Center frequency with sidebands

The algorithm for detection of Bearing, Mechanical and Stator fault consists of two sections named the Baseline
mode and Operation mode.

Baseline Mode
This mode runs once during the commissioning/installation for a given setup of CTs, PTs and machine rating, for a
default 1 hour per load bin (baseline period - configurable) of motor operational time. All dB computations (highest

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normalized peak magnitude and energy at peak magnitude) with baseline data are computed and captured for each
load bin. During the baseline period, dB computations are averaged continuously for each load bin and stored as
averaged normalized dBs. Apart from average (mean), standard deviation is also computed in a recurring fashion
continuously for each load bin and stored as Standard Deviation[N], where N = Load bin number. Thereafter the
device enters into this mode whenever there is a need to capture baseline data for a particular load bin or if the
baseline data is not captured for that particular bin during the initial 1 hour period per load bin (default) after
installation, and enters back to operational or monitoring mode instantly once baseline data is captured and stored.
FFT is run on baseline data samples to capture peak magnitude or energy for each possible harmonic factor (k =
1,2,3) related to bearing, mechanical and stator faults and the averaged values are stored in an internal file for each
load bin. Both data quality check and ESA accuracy checks are performed prior to recording data. Baseline data is
considered the data of a healthy motor. Users can clear baseline data using the ‘Clear ESA baseline data’
command and capture data again by enabling baseline mode and configuring the baseline period.

Monitoring mode
During monitoring mode ESA algorithms for bearing, mechanical and stator faults are computed every 1 minute
based on current square (Ia) samples. FFT is run on these current square (Ia) samples to capture the peak
magnitude or energy for each possible harmonic factor (k = 1,2,3) related to bearing, mechanical and stator faults,
and stored in an internal file for each load bin. Computed ESA dB magnitudes at all fault frequencies after each
interval are compared with baseline magnitudes to extract the maximum change in dB. Both data quality checks
and ESA accuracy checks are performed prior to recording data. Users can clear operational data using the Clear
ESA operational data command.
If load oscillations are present in the system, false alarms may arise specifically for mechanical and broken rotor bar
faults. If the PKP element is switching from ON to OFF and back again frequently, load oscillations may be to blame
and there is no need to check/correct the load condition. When a real fault occurs, the dB level is sustained and the
fault PKP element does not switch values between ON and OFF repeatedly.

10.6.3 ESA SETTINGS

System > Motor > Setup
ESA computation uses some of the existing settings already available. The following are the settings (shown with
their path location) that must be configured.
● Number of Poles: This setting from System > Motor > Setup is used to compute synchronous speed.
(Mandatory)
● Motor Horsepower and Motor Rated Efficiency: These settings from System > Motor > Setup are used to
compute rated input power that in turn is used for speed estimation. (Mandatory)
● Nominal frequency: This setting from System > Power System is used to compute frequency variation in
the case of data quality check. (Mandatory)
● Frequency tracking: This setting from System > Power System, if enabled, is used to compute source
frequency more accurately. Enabling this setting is recommended. (Optional)
● Rated speed: This setting from System > Motor > Setup is used for speed estimation. (Mandatory)
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > ESA

Note:
Some of the existing settings as mentioned in the preceding list will be re-used for ESA computation hence it is necessary to
configure them. Since ESA is dependent on speed and frequency, it is mandatory to configure the rated speed. In addition,
frequency tracking must be enabled for accurate ESA results.

MOTOR MANUFACTURER
Range: n/a
Default: None

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Configure the name of the motor manufacturer as a character string using the information taken from the motor
nameplate data.

FUNCTION - BEARING
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When the Enabled function is selected, the element checks for the Bearing (Eccentricity) Fault status as
programmed.

FUNCTION - MECHANICAL (MECH)

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When the Enabled function is selected, the element checks for the mechanical (FEM) Fault status as
programmed.

FUNCTION - STATOR
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When the Enabled function is selected, the element checks for the stator Fault status as programmed.

MOTOR TYPE
Range: IND, VFD-IND, Sync
Default: IND
Configure the motor type as Line Fed Induction Motor (IND) or VFD fed Induction Motor (VFD-IND) or Line Fed
Synchronous Motor (Sync). Where the VFD option is required, ensure other settings related to VFD are also
configured under System > Motor > VFD.

VOLTAGE TYPE
Range: 3-Ph VT, 1-Ph VT, No VT
Default: 3-Ph VT
Configure if the voltage input to the relay is available through VT as:
3-Ph
○ VT, if three-phase voltage input is available.
1-Ph
○ VT, if only single-phase voltage input is available.
No ○VT, if no voltage input is available.

Setting dependency: If the voltage type chosen is “No VT” (either because VT is not available with VFD or VT is
on the bus side of the system), then VFD will be considered as voltage-less. 1-Ph VT option is not applicable for
VFD.

DATA QUALITY CHECK

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

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When this setpoint is Enabled, FFT computation on current samples is only performed when data quality checks
are passed. If input phase A current fails any of the following data quality checks, the ESA element asserts a
FlexLogic operand and generates the event Data Quality Check Fail.
Frequency
○ measured shall be within +/- 5% limits of nominal frequency, except for VFD based on Motor type
setting.
Voltage
○ measured shall be within +/- 10% limits of nominal voltage (voltage order code) except for VFD
based on Motor type setting.
THD○ (total harmonic distortion) of phase current computed shall be less than 5% of nominal frequency.
Current
○ unbalance in system computed shall be less than 10% of the FLA.
Voltage
○ unbalance in system computed shall be less than 5%. (Voltage unbalance as per IEC can be
computed as the ratio of V2/V1 represented as % similar to current unbalance, where V1 is pos seq voltage
and V2 is neg seq voltage from metering)
The○total number of cycles of data collected shall be the integral number of cycles for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz
systems i.e. time length shall be multiples of 20 ms and 16.67 ms for 50 Hz and 60 Hz systems respectively.
Due to power supply issues or site specific conditions, the data quality check may not always pass. Under such
conditions, the data quality check may be disabled by operator, however, the performance of ESA algorithms under
such conditions is questionable and should be considered case to case with added scrutiny.

BASELINE PERIOD
Range: 1 to 300 mins in steps of 1 min
Default: 60 mins
Baseline period indicates the duration of time (motor running hours) that the relay stays in this period to capture
baseline data, during installation or commissioning, for extracting baseline (healthy) dB magnitudes. It should be
set based on motor conditions. If the motor is expected to operate at different load levels and is older, it is better
to have larger baseline period. If the motor usually operates at a set load and is newer, a shorter baseline period
can be used.

BASELINE MODE
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
Baseline mode is disabled by default. During installation/commissioning baseline mode must be enabled along
with having a set baseline period. The relay will capture baseline data for the specified time period then go back
to operational mode automatically. If necessary, the user can clear the baseline data and restart data capture by
enabling baseline mode and setting or changing the baseline period.

NUMBER OF ROLLING ELEMENTS

Range: 1 to 1000 in steps of 1
Default: 1
Number of rolling elements must be configured using the motor bearing specification information provided by
manufacturer.

CAGE DIAMETER
Range: 0.001 to 1000.000 inches in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.500 inch
Cage diameter needs to be configured using the motor bearing specification information provided by the
manufacturer. See ‘Dc’ in the following figure: Ball bearing cross-sectional view for reference.

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ROLLING ELEMENT BALL DIAMETER

Range: 0.001 to 1000.000 inches in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.100 inch
Rolling element ball diameter needs to be configured using the motor bearing specification information provided
by the manufacturer. See ‘Db’ in the following figure: Ball bearing cross-sectional view for reference.

Figure 182: Ball bearing cross-sectional view

NO. OF STATOR SLOTS

Range: 1 to 500 in steps of 1
Default: 0
Configure the number of stator slots based on the motor design. This information is available from the
manufacturer or found in the motor technical manuals.

BEARING FAULT PKP STAGE 1(2)

Range: 1 to 100 dB in steps of 1 dB
Default: 45 dB (55 dB)
Configure the minimum dB level above the baseline dB level (for any load bin) at which the bearing fault operand
level 1 (level 2) picks up. This setting is applicable to both peak magnitude and energy at peak magnitude.
ESA operates and generates an event when change in dB, ∆dB value is greater than the pickup level in dB and
is sustained for the pickup delay time for the specific load bin. Change in dB, ∆dB is computed from actual dB
level minus baseline dB.
Example 1 - when Baseline Mode is Enabled
Pickup level (dBpkp) is set at 25dB
Baseline dB (dBbaseline) computed by Baseline Mode = -80dB
Actual dB level required to operate = dBbaseline + dBpkp =-80dB + 25dB = -55dB
ESA operates when actual dB is equal to or greater than -55dB

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Example 2 - when Baseline Mode is not Enabled

Pickup level (dBpkp) is set at 45dB
Baseline dB (dBbaseline) is fixed = -100 dB.
Actual dB level required to operate ESA = (dBbaseline) + dBpkp = -100dB + 45 = -55dB
ESA operates when actual dB is equal to or greater than -55dB
Therefore, for the same threshold, i.e. -55dB, with baseline mode disabled, the pickup level should be higher as
it is compared with -100dB, as compared to baseline enabled. The pickup level can be adjusted to get threshold
around -55dB to -45dB for Caution, and -45dB to -35dB for Alarm purposes.

BEARING FAULT PKP DELAY 1(2)

Range: 5 to 60 min in steps of 5 min
Default: 10 min (15 min)
Configure the delay in minutes after which the bearing fault operand pickup level 1 (level 2) will operate if the
level sustains.

MECH FAULT PKP STAGE 1(2)

Range: 1 to 100 dB in steps of 1 dB
Default: 45 dB (55 dB)
Configure the minimum dB level above the baseline dB level (for any load bin) at which the bearing fault operand
level 1 (level 2) picks up. This setting is applicable to both peak magnitude and energy at peak magnitude.

MECH FAULT PKP DELAY 1(2)

Range: 5 to 60 min in steps of 5 min
Default: 10 min (15 min)
Configure the delay in minutes after which the bearing fault operand pickup level 1 (level 2) will operate if the
level sustains.

STATOR FAULT PKP STAGE 1(2)

Range: 1 to 100 dB in steps of 1 dB
Default: 45 dB (55 dB)
Configure the minimum dB level above the baseline dB level (for any load bin) at which the bearing fault operand
level 1 (level 2) picks up. This setting is applicable to both peak magnitude and energy at peak magnitude.
In general, set the PKP settings for all faults after baseline data is computed. Once the baseline data is available
based on the motor condition, criticality, application and any other important factors, the PKP settings stage 1
and 2 can be derived as (Baseline dB+Tolerance1) and (Baseline dB + Tolerance 2) where Tolerance 2 >
Tolerance 1.

STATOR FAULT PKP DELAY 1(2)

Range: 5 to 60 min in steps of 5 min
Default: 10 min (15 min)
Configure the delay in minutes after which the bearing fault operand pickup level 1 (level 2) will operate if the
level sustains.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The ESA element is blocked, when the selected operand is asserted.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
This enables the events of the Stator Inter-Turn fault function.

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Latched
This enables the targets of the Stator Inter-Turn fault function.

Note:
In cases where baseline mode is disabled or baseline data is not available, the PKP related settings of bearing, mechanical
and stator for dB levels should correspond to peak magnitude and not change in dB magnitude (Example: a default of 75dB
for Flt PKP Stg 1 and 65dB for Flt PKP Stg 2).

✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌✠✍✎ ❣✗✏✎ ❚❣❚❴✼
✏☞✑✒✓✔✕✖
✗✠✒✓✔✕✖
✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄❃✾☛✒☛✌✽
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✚✟☛✿✟☛ ❴✕✔✒❖ ↔
✣ ✏✌ ▲✌☛ ✚✿✕✽✒☛✕④ ✚✿✕✽✒☛✕
✘✔✌✡✙✎ ✤
✥ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✚✛✜✢ ❼✍❽ ✞✒✟✔☛ ❙❾❙ ✾☛✒❀✕ ✧❵❅❛✎ ❼✍❽ ✞✒✟✔☛ ❙❾❙ ✾☛✒❀✕ ✧❵❅❛✎
✘✒✑✕✔☞✠✕ ✼✌✖✕✎ ✘✒✑✕✔☞✠✕ ❙✕✽☞✌✖❵☛❞❡❛✎
✣ ☛❡➀❡ ✴✵✁✶✵☎✷✆✸ ☎✄✁✹✺✝✻
✴✵✁✶✵☎✷✆✸ ☎✄✁✹✺✝✻ ✢ ⑨✖✘❡✉s③ ❿❙❾❙ ✤
✗✠✒✓✔✕✖ ☛❞❡ ✥ ❼✍❽ ✞✔☛ ✚❙ ✾☛❀ ✧❵❅❛
⑨✖✘⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧ ❿❙❾❙ ✢
✼✌☛✌✽ ✾☛✌✿✿✕✖ ✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽
❁
✼✌☛✌✽ ❘✽☞✿✿✕✖ ❂ ✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽ ✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✴✵✁✶✵☎✷✆✸ ☎✄✁✹✺✝✻
✼✌☛✌✽ ✾☛✒✽☛☞✠❀ ⑨✖✘➁✉s③④ ⑨✖✘⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧
▲✟▼✓✕✽ ✌❑ ❴✌✔✔☞✠❀ ✗✔✕▼✕✠☛✑❵▲✓❛✎ ❼✍❽ ✞✔☛ ❙❾❙ ✾☛❀ ✧❵❅❛
✣ ◗✒❀✕ ✏☞✒▼✕☛✕✽ ❵✏✡❛✎ ✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽
✤
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✥ ❴✌✔✔☞✠❀ ✗✔✕▼✕✠☛ ✘✒✔✔ ✏☞✒▼✕☛✕✽❵✏✓❛✎
✣ ▲✌ ✌❑ ✾☛✒☛✌✽ ✾✔✌☛✑ ❵▲✑❛✎ ➣
✤ ♦♣♥♠❹♣❺♠♥❻ ♦♣q❦
✏✒☛✒ ↕✟✒✔☞☛❖ ◗❄✕✡✙ ✥ ❴❱▲ ◗❄✒✠❀✕ ☞✠ ✖✘④ ➄➅➆➅➇➈➉➊➋➄➌➆➌➇➋➍➎➏ ➐➑➆ ➄➌➉➈➆➌➇➈➉➊
✗✠✒✓✔✕✖ ✜ ✧ ✖✘❡✉s③④ ✖✘⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧
❚✖✒✿☛☞❜✕ ✞✒✟✔☛ ⑨✖✘❡✉s③✜✖✘❡✉s③⑩✖✘rst✉✈✇①✉②❡✉s③ ▲✌✽▼ ❙✕✒✙ ✼✒❀✠☞☛✟✖✕ ➂ ✙ ✜ ✧❃❅❃➃
❴❱▲ ✞✽✕◆✟✕✠✡☞✕✑ ◗✌▼✿✟☛✒☛☞✌✠ ✢ ⑨✖✘⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧✜✖✘⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧⑩✖✘rst✉✈✇①✉②⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧ ✗✠✕✽❀❖ ✒☛ ❙✕✒✙ ✼✒❀ ➂ ✙ ✜ ✧❃❅❃➃
❲❳❨❩❲❬ ❭❲❬❩❪❫ ◗✒✔✡✟✔✒☛☞✌✠ ✌❑ ❙✕✒✙ ✖✘ ✌❑ ✼✒❷ ◗❄✒✠❀✕ ☞✠ ✼✒❀ ✖✘ ➂ ✙ ✜ ✧❃❅❃➃
✦✧ ★✒ ✩✪✫✬✭✮✮✯✰✱ ✬✭✱ ✲✳✳ ✞✒✟✔☛ ▲✌✽▼✒✔☞❶✕✖ ❙✕✒✙ ✖✘④ ✗✠✕✽❀❖ ✖✘ ✼✒❷ ◗❄✒✠❀✕ ☞✠ ✗✠✕✽❀❖ ➂ ✙ ✜ ✧❃❅❃➃
✦❅ ❆✒✠ ❇❈❉❊❋✰●❍■●❏❈❏❊❋✰ ✞✽✕◆✟✕✠✡☞✕✑ ✧ ✒✠✖ ✼✒❷ ◗❄✒✠❀✕ ☞✠ ✖✘ ✒☛ ❣✌✒✖ ✘☞✠
✣ ❚✖✒✿☛☞❜✕ ✞✞❘❝ ✒✠✖ ✗✠✕✽❀❖ ✑✿✕✡☞❸✡ ❣✌✒✖ ✘☞✠
✤ ✾❢☞☛✡❄☞✠❀ ❘☞▼✕ ✌❑ ✞✒✟✔☛ ◗✌▼✿✟☛✒☛☞✌✠
✦✧P◗❘ ✞✽✕◆✟✕✠✡❖ ❇❈❉➙❊✳✰●❑✑✟✿✿✔❖●❏❈❇➙❊✳✰ ✥ ✾✕✒✽✡❄ ✓✒✠✖ ✓✕☛❢✕✕✠ ✘✒✑✕✔☞✠✕ ✖✘rst✉✈✇①✉②❡✉s③④ ✖✘rst✉✈✇①✉②⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧ ✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽④✚✠✔❖ ✙✜✧ ❑✌✽
✦✧❃✦❅ ❙❄✒✑✕ ❚ ❘❯✏ ➛➜➝●➞➟ ▼✌✖✕ ✒✠✖ ❜✌✔☛✒❀✕P✔✕✑✑ ✒✿✿✔☞✡✒☛☞✌✠
✼✌✠☞☛✌✽☞✠❀ ▼✌✖✕ ❤✐❥❦❧♠♥❦ ♦♣q❦ ➣
✼✌☛✌✽ ❆❃★ ❱✠✓✒✔✒✠✡✕ ➠➡●➢➤➥ ➦➧●❏➨➤ ➄➅➆➅➇➈➉➊➋➄➌➆➌➇➋➍➎➏ ➐➑➆ ➒➓➔➅➑➈➉➅
❚❜❀ ▲✌✽▼ ❙✕✒✙ ✼✒❀ ➂ ✙ ✜ ✧❃❅❃➃
❆✠ ✜ ✼✌☛✌✽ ▲✒▼✕✿✔✒☛✕ ❆✌✔☛✒❀✕ ✖✘❡✉s③④ ✖✘⑤①✉⑥⑦⑧ ❚✔✔✌✡✒☛☞✌✠ ✒✠✖ ✾☛✌✽☞✠❀ ❚❜✕✽✒❀✕ ❚❜❀ ✗✠✕✽❀❖ ✒☛ ❙✕✒✙ ✼✒❀ ➂ ✙✜✧❃❅❃➃
❑✠ ✜ ▲✌▼☞✠✒✔ ✞✽✕◆✟✕✠✡❖ ✣ ✖✘
✤ ❑✌✽ ❣✌✒✖ ✘☞✠✑ ❣✌✒✖ ✘☞✠
✥ ❘☞▼✕ ✌❑ ✘✒✑✕✔☞✠✕ ◗✌▼✿✟☛✒☛☞✌✠
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✼✌☛✌✽ ❯✌✽✑✕✿✌❢✕✽❃❘❖✿✕✎ ✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽→✚✠✔❖ ✙✜✧ ❑✌✽ ❜✌✔☛✒❀✕P
✔✕✑✑ ✗✾❚ ✡✒✑✕→
✼✌☛✌✽ ❴✒☛✕✖ ✗✛❃❆✌✔☛ ❘❖✿✕✎
➄➅➆➅➇➈➉➊➋➄➌➆➌➇➋➍➎➏ ➐➑➆ ➄➌➉➈➆➌➇➈➉➊
✾✿✕✕✖ ✗✑☛☞▼✒☛☞✌✠ ✗✑☛☞▼✒☛✕✖ ✾✿✕✕✖
✍ ✘✕✒✽☞✠❀❃✼✕✡❄✒✠☞✡✒✔❃✾☛✒☛✌✽
❲❳❨❩❲❬ ❭❲❬❩❪❫
✦✧ ★✒ ✴✵✁✶✵☎✷✆✸ ☎✄✁✹✺✝✻
✏✒☛✒ ↕✟✒✔☞☛❖ ◗❄✕✡✙ ✞✒☞✔

➩➫➭➯➲➩➳➭➵➸➺➻

Figure 183: ESA Logic diagram

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10.7 STATOR INTER-TURN FAULT

When the insulation of the stator windings deteriorates due to age and other factors, this creates an inter-turn fault.
This type of fault is local and can happen either on the same phase or different phases. An inter-turn fault causes
heating at the local level, but the heat rapidly propagates, causing the fault to extend to other areas of the stator
winding. If an inter-turn fault can be detected in time, it provides warning of upcoming major damage to the system.
The stator inter-turn fault element uses phasor (magnitude and angle) qualities of sequence components to detect
stator turn failure of the induction machine.
The operating condition can be defined as:
OP = (Znp/Zpp) - ZUBbase
Where:
● Zpp = positive sequence impedance
● Znp = cross-coupled negative-to-positive sequence impedance
● ZUBbase = learned unbalance base impedance
● Znp/Zpp can be calculated from V1, V2, I2 and Znn as follows:

Where:
● V1 = positive sequence voltage phasor quantity calculated from the motor terminal voltages
● V2 = negative sequence voltage phasor quantity calculated from the motor terminal voltages
● I1 = positive sequence current phasor quantity calculated from the motor terminal currents
● I2 = negative sequence current phasor quantity calculated from the motor terminal currents
● Znn = negative sequence impedance phasor quantity
For an ideal symmetrical machine Zpn = Znp = 0 i.e., it is a decoupled positive and negative sequence component
circuit for the induction machine. However, in practice the situation is not ideal and due to inherent asymmetry in the
machine the Zpnand Znp values are small non-zero quantities. When a turn fault occurs, the asymmetry in the
system is further aggravated which results in these cross-coupling terms increasing. The normalized cross-coupled
impedance, or ratio of Znp to Zpp as defined by the above equation, is the key operating signal that can effectively
detect a stator inter-turn fault.
The inherent asymmetries in the machine at the time of commissioning and without a stator inter-turn fault present
are represented as:
ZUBbase = (Znp/ Zpp)at 0 inter-turn fault
The Neg Seq Impedance (Znn) required for the implementation of the above can be set manually if NEG SEQ IMP
AUTOSET is set to Manual. This value can be calculated from the machine equivalent circuit parameters (i.e.
winding inductance and resistance). It can also be measured by deliberately applying the unbalance condition
during commissioning.
When NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is set to Auto, the internal algorithm calculates this value from the motor
nameplate information (kWatts, rated voltage and number of poles) using the Heuristic method.

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With the known value of Znn and the phasor value for each current and voltage, all parameters of equation (1) are
known and hence the operating signal can be calculated.
The algorithm for detection of the stator inter-turn fault is comprised of two phases:
● Learning Phase – this runs only once during commissioning for the given CTs, PTs and machine rating. This
phase is used to calculate the unbalance impedance ZUBbase of the machine that is used by the monitoring
phase. The setpoint “Learn Turn Fault Data” can be used to initiate the learning phase of the algorithm. Once
set to Yes from front panel, the monitoring algorithm pauses and the learning algorithm runs to acquire a new
set of ZUBbase values. The monitoring phase is disabled until ZUBbase is calculated; once the new average of
ZUBbase is calculated, the monitoring phase is automatically reactivated.
● Monitoring Phase – Once the learning phase is complete and the new average of ZUBbase is available, the
monitoring phase runs, checking for the operating signal, and alarms whenever it exceeds Pickup Stage 1
and Pickup Stage 2.
Both the learning and monitoring phase algorithms calculate the average of ZUBbase over a window size of 100 ms.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Stator Inter-turn Fault

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Stator Inter-turn Fault function.

NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET

Range: Manual, Auto
Default: Auto
As a convenient alternative to manually determining the negative sequence impedance (Znn), the relay can
automatically calculate the setting Neg Seq Impedance from the nameplate information (Horse Power, Poles and
Rated Voltage).
When ○ NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is changed from Auto to Manual, the learning phase is automatically
initiated to calculate the new ZUBbase.
When○ NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is already set to Manual and the Znn value is changed, the learning phase
is automatically initiated to calculate the new ZUBbase.
When ○ NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is changed from Manual to Auto, a new Znn value is calculated based on
the nameplate information (Horse Power, Poles and Rated Voltage) and the learning phase is automatically
initiated to calculate the new ZUBbase.
When ○ NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is set to Auto and any of the nameplate information (Horse Power, Poles
and Rated Voltage) is changed, a new Znn value is calculated and the learning phase is automatically
initiated to calculate the new ZUBbase.

NEG SEQ IMPEDANCE MAG

Range: 0.10 to 100.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 Ω
Default: 10.00 Ω
This setting is only visible when NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is set to Manual. This setting defines the negative
sequence impedance Znn magnitude calculated by the user.

NEG SEQ IMPEDANCE ANG

Range: 0.0 to 359.0 degrees in steps of 0.1 degrees

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Default: 0.0 degrees

This setting is only visible when NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET is set to Manual. This setting defines the negative
sequence impedance Znn angle calculated by the user.

PICKUP STAGE 1
Range: 0.001 to 10.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.100
This setting specifies a first pickup threshold of the ratio between Znp and Zpp averaged over 100 msec.

PICKUP DELAY STAGE 1

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00
This setting provides the selection for the Pickup 1 time delay used to delay the operation of the protection.

PICKUP STAGE 2
Range: 0.001 to 10.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.600
This setting specifies a second pickup threshold of ratio between Znp and Zpp averaged over Tavg time.

PICKUP DELAY STAGE 2

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00
This setting provides the selection for the Pickup 2 times delay used to delay the operation of the protection.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.00
This setting provides the selection for the dropout time delay used to delay the dropout of the detection of the
Stator Inter-turn Fault condition.

LEARN TURN FAULT DATA

Default: No
Range: Yes, No
Selecting Yes causes the monitoring algorithm to pause and run the learning phase algorithm. Once the
learning phase algorithm has finished running, LEARN TURN FAULT DATA is automatically set to No.
During
○ the learning phase, the monitoring phase algorithm is blocked.
When
○ a new Znn value is calculated (in Auto mode) or manually entered (in Manual mode), LEARN TURN
FAULT DATA is automatically changed to Yes in order to calculate the new ZUBbase

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

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BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operands
Default: Off
The Stator Inter-turn fault element will be blocked, when the selected operand is asserted.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
This enables the events of the Stator Inter-turn fault function.

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Latched
This enables the targets of Stator Inter-turn fault function.

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

SETPOINT
FUNCTION:
Disabled=0 SETPOINT
Alarm NEG SEQ IMP AUTOSET: SETPOINTS

OR
Latched Alarm AUTO:
NEG SEQ IMPEDANCE MAG/ANGLE:
Configurable MANUAL:
RUN
RUN
SETPOINT
Learning Phase

Learn Turn Fault Data: Auto-Set Procedure

V ✂ ✁Z nn I ✁
Yes=1 Z UBbase ✄
V
SETPOINT
BLOCK:
Off=0

LED: ALARM
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Motor Stopped SETPOINT
SETPOINTS

AND
Any Alarm
OR

PICKUP STAGE 1: PICKUP DELAY STAGE 1:

OR
Motor Tripped
DROPOUT DELAY: S
AND

Motor Starting OP Pickup Stage 1 tPKP

✟ tRST LATCH

Command R
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND RESET FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

AND
SETPOINTS Stat Trn FLT 1 PKP
OR

Stat Trn FLT 1 OP

Figure 184: Stator Inter-Turn Fault Protection logic diagram

NEG SEQ IMPEDANCE MAG/ANGLE:
SETPOINT
RUN
Output Relays
OR

Monitoring Phase Do Not Operate, Operate

Sequence Components
V Z nn I FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OP
☎ ✞ ✞
Positive Sequence Current
✆ ☎ Z UBbase
V
OR

Stat Trn FLT 2 OP

Positive Sequence Voltage
✝
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Negative Sequence Voltage Stat Trn FLT 2 PKP

SETPOINT LED: ALARM

SETPOINTS
AND

PICKUP STAGE 2: FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

PICKUP DELAY STAGE 2:
DROPOUT DELAY: Any Alarm
OR

OP ✟ Pickup Stage 2 tPKP tRST

S
AND

LATCH

Command R
RESET ☞✎✍ ✌☞☛✡✠

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.8 FUNCTIONS

10.8.1 POWER FACTOR (55)

When using a synchronous machine, it is desirable not to trip or alarm on power factor until the field has been
applied. Therefore, this feature can be blocked until the machine comes up to speed and the field is applied. From
that point forward, the power factor trip and alarm elements will be active. Once the power factor is less than either
the Lead or Lag level, for the specified delay, a trip or alarm will occur indicating a Lead or Lag condition. The power
factor alarm can be used to detect loss of excitation and out of step.
The relay calculates the average Power Factor in the three phases as follows:
Average Power Factor = Total 3-Phase Real Power / Total 3-Phase Apparent Power
For delta-connected VTs, the Power Factor feature is inhibited from operating unless all three voltages are above
the selected voltage threshold and one or more currents are above the selected current threshold. Power Factor
element delay timers are only allowed to time when the voltage threshold is exceeded on all phases and current
threshold is exceeded on one phase. In the same way, when a Power Factor condition starts the Power Factor
delay timer, if all three phase voltages fall below the threshold and one phase current threshold falls below the timer
has timed-out, the element resets without operating. A loss of voltage during any state returns both Power Factor
elements to the Reset state.
For wye-connected VTs, the power factor value is calculated from the valid phase(s) for which voltage and current
are above the user selected thresholds. Power Factor element delay timers are only allowed to time when the
supervision conditions are met. In the same way, when a Power Factor condition starts the Power Factor delay
timer, if one or more valid phases no longer satisfy the supervision conditions, the power factor is re-calculated
based on the still valid phase(s). If the element is continuously asserted with the new power factor value, the timer
would continue timing, otherwise, the element resets without operating.
The minimum operating voltage and current are set as a threshold below which the element is reset.
The following figure illustrates the conventions established for use, where the negative value means the lead power
factor, and the positive value means the lag power factor.

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+Q

Trip Lag PF

Lead PF=-1 Lag PF=1

-P +P
Lag PF=1 Lead PF=-1

Normal
Operating Zone Trip Lead PF

-Q
Figure 185: Power Factor Conventions

In a synchronous machine, this type of machine can operate in lagging (under excitation), leading (over excitation)
or unity power factor conditions depending on the applied field current. As shown in below figure, V-curves are
normally provided by the machine manufacturer to determine the relationship between the field current and power
factor.

Figure 186: Synchronous Machine Simplified V-Curve Example

In synchronous motor applications, in case of a lagging power factor, two modes of power factor protection are
available. They are as follows:

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option

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Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Power Factor Trip functionality.

TRIP LEAD LEVEL

Range: 0.05 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00 Lag
This setting specifies the Power Factor Lead Trip level.

Note:
Enter 1.00 to turn off the Trip Lead Level. The HMI also shows it is “OFF”.

TRIP LAG LEVEL

Range: 0.05 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This setting specifies the Power Factor Lag Trip level.

Note:
When the Trip Lag Level is set to 1.00, the pickup level turns it off.

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay for the trip function.

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a dropout time delay for the trip function.

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latch Alarm
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Power Factor Alarm functionality.

ALARM LEAD LEVEL

Range: 0.05 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This setting specifies the Power Factor Lead Alarm level.

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Note:
Enter 1.00 to turn off the Alarm Lead Level. The HMI shows “OFF”.

ALARM LAG LEVEL

Range: 0.05 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.00
This setting specifies the Power Factor Lag alarm level.

Note:
Enter 1.00 to turn off the Alarm Lag Level. The HMI shows OFF”.

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay for the alarm function.

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a dropout time delay for the alarm function.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

START BLOCK DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The Power Factor element can be blocked until the machine comes up to speed and the field is applied. The
element is blocked upon initiation of a motor Starting status for a period of time defined by this setting.

Note:
START BLOCK DELAY is not applicable to synchronous motor applications. The PF element remains blocked until the motor
start sequence is completed.

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
Range: 0.00 to 1.25 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 0.30 x VT
This setting sets the minimum voltage for the Power Factor element operation specified times VT.

MINIMUM CURRENT
Range: 0.00 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Default: 0.20 x CT

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This setting sets the minimum current for the Power Factor element operation specified times CT.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The element is blocked when the selected operand is asserted.

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
The selection of “Enabled” enables the events of the function.

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset
◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯
✺✾✳ ❇✰✿❈
✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗
✪✫ ✷▼✱❜ ❇❄❭❋ ❤✐❥❜ ❇✣ ✣❈✲✰✯✮✲ ✮✸✲
❇❄❭❋ ✼❅❆❑❇❭✦❆❜ ✬ ❀✲✢✲✤✮✲✹ ✜✰✲✯✥✲✰❦
✱✿❀✯❁✢✲✹★✩ ❂❃ ❑✣✾✮✯✤✮✣✰ ❇✰✿❈ ❄✲✢✯✳
❇✰✿❈
❂❃ ✪✫
✷✯✮✤✸✲✹ ❇✰✿❈ ✭
✬
❑✣✾❧❉✽✰✯❁✢✲ ✷✺❇❑▲
❄▼✭▼❇ ❄ ◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯✕
❋✣❲✲✰ ✼✯✤✮✣✰ ✣❞ ❇✸✰✲✲ ❑✣✻✻✯✾✹ ❋✼ ❇✰✿❈ ✦❋
❋✸✯❀✲❀ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗ ❂❃
❫✹✲✢✮✯❪✤✣✾✾✲✤✮✲✹ ❬❇❀❴ ❇✰✿❈ ✷✲✯✹ ✷✲❊✲✢ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗
❇✰✿❈ ✷✯❉ ✷✲❊✲✢ ❇✰✿❈ ✦✽✮❈✽✮ ❄✲✢✯✳ ❢
❋✣❲✲✰ ✼✯✤✮✣✰ ✣❞ ❬✯✢✿✹ ❄❅❆
❋✸✯❀✲❫❀❴ ✱✣ ❆✣✮ ✦❈✲✰✯✮✲❣ ✦❈✲✰✯✮✲
❫❲✳✲❪✤✣✾✾✲✤✮✲✹ ❬❇❀❴ ❲✸✲✾ ❋✼ ❳ ✩ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗✕
❨ ❇✰✿❈ ❋✿✤✥✽❈ ✱✲✢✯✳
❩❋✼❩ ❳ ❇✰✿❈ ✷✲✯✹ ✷✲❊✲✢ ❂❃ ❇✰✿❈ ✱✰✣❈✣✽✮ ✱✲✢✯✳
✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗ ✮●✶● ✮❍■❏
✜✢✣✤✥ ❲✸✲✾ ❋✼ ❡ ✩ ◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯✕
❨
✦✧★✩ ✪✫ ❩❋✼❩ ❳ ❇✰✿❈ ✷✯❉ ✷✲❊✲✢ ❋✼ ❇✰✿❈ ❋❱❋
✬
✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗
✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✎ ☞✏✡✑✒✓✔ ✭✮✯✰✮ ✜✢✣✤✥ ✱✲✢✯✳ ◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯✕
✁✂✁✄ ☎✂✁✆✆✝✞ ✮✴✵✶ ✩ ❋✼ ✷✲✯✹ ❇✰✿❈ ❋❱❋
❋✼ ✷✯❉ ❇✰✿❈ ❋❱❋
✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗✕ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗✕
✺✢✯✰✻ ❋✿✤✥✽❈ ✱✲✢✯✳
❬✣✢✮✯❉✲ ❭✾❈✽✮❀ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❬✦✷❇✺❛▼❜ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✱✰✣❈✣✽✮ ✱✲✢✯✳
❪ ✹✲✢✮✯ ✤✣✾✾✲✤✮✲✹ ✮●✶● ✮❍■❏ ✪✫ ✷▼✱❜ ✺✢✯✰✻
❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❑❅❄❄▼❆❇❜ ✬
❬✺✜ ◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯
❂❃
❬✜❑ ❬✺✜ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗ ✺✾✳ ✺✢✯✰✻
❬❑✺ ✪✫ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✷✲✯✹ ✷✲❊✲✢ ✪✫
❬✜❑ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ✬ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✷✯❉ ✷✲❊✲✢ ✬ ✭
❑✽✰✰✲✾✮ ❭✾❈✽✮❀ ❬❑✺ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ✪✫ ❄❅❆
✬ ❂❃ ✷✺❇❑▲
❋✸✯❀✲ ✺ ❑✽✰✰✲✾✮ ❫❭✺❴ ❭✺ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❲✸✲✾ ❋✼ ❳ ✩
❂❃ ❨ ❄▼✭▼❇ ❄
❋✸✯❀✲ ✜ ❑✽✰✰✲✾✮ ❫❭✜❴ ❭✜ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❩❋✼❩ ❳ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✷✲✯✹ ✷✲❊✲✢ ❑✣✻✻✯✾✹
❋✸✯❀✲ ❑ ❑✽✰✰✲✾✮ ❫❭❑❴ ❭❑ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❂❃
❬✺ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ✪✫ ❲✸✲✾ ❋✼ ❡ ✩ ◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯✕
❬✣✢✮✯❉✲ ❭✾❈✽✮❀ ✬ ❨ ❋✼ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✦❋
❪ ❲✳✲ ✤✣✾✾✲✤✮✲✹ ❬✜ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❩❋✼❩ ❳ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✷✯❉ ✷✲❊✲✢
❬❑ ❝ ❵❭❆❭❵❅❵ ❋✼ ✺✢✯✰✻ ❋❱❋
❬✺ ✪✫ ❂❃ ✪✫
❬✜ ✬ ✬ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗
❬❑ ✺✢✯✰✻ ✦✽✮❈✽✮ ❄✲✢✯✳ ❢
✪✫
✬ ✱✣ ❆✣✮ ✦❈✲✰✯✮✲❣ ✦❈✲✰✯✮✲

✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✗ ◆❖✖P❖✙◗✚❘ ✙✘✖❙❚✛❯✕

✺✢✯✰✻ ✼✽✾✤✮✿✣✾ ❋✼ ✷✲✯✹ ✺✢✯✰✻ ❋❱❋
✱✿❀✯❁✢✲✹ ❋✼ ✷✯❉ ✺✢✯✰✻ ❋❱❋
✺✢✯✰✻ ❂❃
✷✯✮✤✸✲✹ ✺✢✯✰✻

❤❥♠♠✐❤✺♥♦✤✹✰

Figure 187: Power Factor logic diagram

10.8.2 DEMAND
Current Demand is measured on each phase, and on three phases for real, reactive, and apparent power. Setpoints
allow emulation of some common electrical utility demand measuring techniques for statistical or control purposes.

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Note:
The relay is not approved as, or intended to be, a revenue metering instrument. If used in a peak load control system, the
user must consider the accuracy rating and method of measurement employed, and the source VTs and CTs, in comparison
with the electrical utility revenue metering system.

The relay can be set to calculate Demand by any of three methods; Thermal Exponential, Block Interval, Rolling
Demand.

Thermal Exponential
This selection emulates the action of an analog peak recording Thermal Demand meter. The relay measures the
quantity (RMS current, real power, reactive power, or apparent power) on each phase every second, and assumes
the circuit quantity remains at this value until updated by the next measurement. It calculates the Thermal Demand
equivalent based on:

d(t) = D(1 - e-kt)

Where:
● d = demand value after applying input quantity for time t (in minutes)
● D = input quantity (constant)
● k = 2.3/thermal 90% response time.

Figure 188: Thermal Demand Characteristic (15 min response)

The 90% thermal response time characteristic defaults to 15 minutes. A setpoint establishes the time to reach 90%
of a steady-state value, just as with the response time of an analog instrument. A steady-state value applied for
twice the response time will indicate 99% of the value.

Block Interval
This selection calculates a linear average of the quantity (RMS current, real power, reactive power, or apparent
power) over the programmed Demand time interval, starting daily at 00:00:00 (i.e. 12 am). The 1440 minutes per
day is divided into the number of blocks as set by the programmed time interval. Each new value of Demand
becomes available at the end of each time interval.

Rolling Demand
This selection calculates a linear average of the quantity (RMS current, real power, reactive power, or apparent
power) over the programmed Demand time interval, in the same way as Block Interval. The value is updated every
minute and indicates the Demand over the time interval just proceeding the time of update.

10.8.2.1 CURRENT DEMAND

The Current Demand for each phase is calculated individually, and the Demand for each phase is monitored by
comparison with a single Current Demand Pickup value. If the Current Demand Pickup is equaled or exceeded by
any phase, the relay can cause an alarm or signal an output relay.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Demand > Current Demand 1(X)

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FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Configurable

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: CT Bank 1-J1
This setting provides the selection for the current input bank. The bank names can be changed in: Setpoints >
System > Current Sensing > [Name] > CT Bank Name.

MEASUREMENT TYPE
Range: Blk Interval, Exponential, Rolling Dmd
Default: Blk Interval
This setting sets the measurement method. Three methods can be applied.

THERMAL 90% RESPONSE TIME

Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 15 min
This setpoint sets the time required for a steady state current to indicate 90% of the actual value to
approximately match the response of the relay to analog instruments. The setpoint is visible only if
MEASUREMENT TYPE is Exponential.

TIME INTERVAL
Range: 5 to 90 min in steps of 1 min
Default 15 min
This setpoint sets the time period over which the current demand calculation is to be performed. The setpoint is
visible only if MEASUREMENT TYPE is Block Interval or Rolling Demand.

PICKUP
Range 0 to 65000 A
Default: 5000 A
This setpoint sets the Current Demand Pickup level.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled

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TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Disabled
LED: ALARM

AND
SETPOINTS

OR
AND
S
FUNCTION:

Disabled LATCH

Alarm Set-Dominant
OR

Command R
Latched Alarm
RESET
Configurable

SETPOINTS
AND

BLOCK:
LED: PICKUP
Off=0
SETPOINTS
OUTPUT RELAYS
Do Not Operate, Operate

OR
SETPOINTS
FlexLogic Operands
MEASUREMENT TYPE:
Current Dmd1 PKP

THERMAL 90% RESPONSE To be included in Bridge

TIME:
SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS
TIME INTERVAL: PICKUP:
Current Inputs SIGNAL INPUT:
RUN
Calculate Phase A CURRENT
Phase A Current (IA) IA Demand PICKUP
DEMAND
RUN

OR
Calculate Phase B CURRENT
Phase B Current (IB) CT Bank 1 - J1 IB Demand PICKUP
DEMAND
RUN
Calculate Phase C CURRENT
Phase C Current (IC) IC Demand PICKUP
DEMAND FlexLogic Operands
Current Dmd1 PKP A
USED ONLY IN 845 AND
850 Current Dmd1 PKP B

894060C1.vsdx Current Dmd1 PKP C

Figure 189: Current Demand logic diagram

10.8.2.2 REAL POWER DEMAND

The Real Power Demand is monitored by comparing it to a Pickup value. If the Real Power Demand Pickup is ever
equaled or exceeded, the relay can be configured to cause an alarm or signal an output relay.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Demand > Real Power Demand 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Configurable

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: Power x, (Dependent on order code)
Default: Power 1

MEASUREMENT TYPE
Range: Blk Interval, Exponential, Rolling Demand
Default: Blk Interval
This setting sets the measurement method. Three methods can be applied.

THERMAL 90% RESPONSE TIME

Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 15 min

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

This setpoint sets the time required for steady-state Real Power to indicate 90% of the actual value to
approximately match the response of the relay to analog instruments. The setpoint is visible only if
MEASUREMENT TYPE is Exponential.

TIME INTERVAL
Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 20 min
This setpoint sets the time period over which the Real Power Demand calculation is to be performed. The
setpoint is visible only if MEASUREMENT TYPE is Block Interval or Rolling Demand.

PICKUP
Range: 0.1 to 300000.0 kW in steps of 0.1 kW
Default: 5000.0 kW
This setting sets the Real Power Demand Pickup level. The absolute value of real power demand is used for the
Pickup comparison.

RESET DEMAND
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Any FlexLogic operand can be used to reset the minimum and maximum real power demand from the current
value to zero. These values are reset to zero at the rising edge of the set operand. After reset to zero, calculation
of minimum and maximum real power demand values continues until the next rising edge of the reset operand.
An application example is the monitoring of the minimum and maximum demand values per shift. A shift can be
defined by the breaker status operand (open or closed) or operand derived from the Time of Day Timer
element.
The Reset Demand operand does not reset the current value of the demand used by the Real Power Demand
function.

OUTPUT RELAYS X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Logic Diagram
LED: ALARM

AND
SETPOINTS

OR
REAL PWR DEMAND

AND
S
FUNCTION:
Disabled LATCH

Alarm Set-Dominant

OR
Command
Latched Alarm R
RESET
Configurable

SETPOINTS
BLOCK: AND
LED: PICKUP
Off=0
SETPOINTS
OUTPUT RELAYS

OR
Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS
REAL PWR DEMAND FlexLogic Operands
MEASUREMENT TYPE: RealPwr Dmd PKP
REAL PWR DEMAND
THERMAL 90% RESPONSE
TIME: SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS
REAL PWR DEMAND REAL PWR DEMAND
SIGNAL INPUT:
Real Power Inputs TIME INTERVAL: REAL POWER PICKUP:
RUN
Three-Phase Calculate:
Power 1 Real Demand |P Demand| PICKUP
Real Power (P)
Min Real Demand
Max Real Demand
Not available in 869 Reset Min & Max Real Demand
to 0
ACTUAL VALUES
SETPOINTS Pwr 1 Real Dmd
Pwr 1 Min Real Dmd
RESET DEMAND:
Pwr 1 Max Real Dmd
Off=0

Rising Edge ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✝

Figure 190: Real Power Demand logic diagram

10.8.2.3 REACTIVE POWER

he Reactive Power Demand is monitored by comparing to a Pickup value. If the Reactive Power Demand Pickup is
ever equaled or exceeded, the relay can be configured to cause an alarm or signal an output relay.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Demand > Reactive Power Demand 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Configurable

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: Power x (Dependent on order code)
Default: Power 1

MEASUREMENT TYPE
Range: Blk Interval, Exponential, Rolling Demand
Default: Blk Interval
The setting sets the measurement method. Three methods can be applied.

THERMAL 90% RESPONSE TIME

Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 15 min

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

The setpoint sets the time required for a steady state Reactive Power to indicate 90% of the actual value to
approximately match the response of the relay to analog instruments. The setpoint is visible only if
MEASUREMENT TYPE is Exponential.

TIME INTERVAL
Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 20 min
The setpoint sets the time period over which the Reactive Power Demand calculation is to be performed. The
setpoint is visible only if MEASUREMENT TYPE is Block Interval or Rolling Demand.

PICKUP
Range: 0.1 to 300000.0 kvar in steps of 0.1 kvar.
Default: 5000.0 kvar
Any FlexLogic operand can be used to reset the accumulated reactive power demand from its current value to
zero. The accumulated value resets at the rising edge of the set operand. After reset to zero, the reactive power
demand element continues calculating the demand until the next rising edge of the reset operand.

RESET DEMAND
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Any FlexLogic operand can be used to reset the minimum and maximum reactive power demand from its current
value to zero. The minimum and maximum values reset at the rising edge of the set operand. After reset to zero,
calculation of minimum and maximum reactive power demand values continues until the next rising edge of the
reset operand.
The Reset Demand operand doesn't reset the current value of the demand used by the Reactive Power Demand
function.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

LED: ALARM

AND
SETPOINTS

OR
REACTIVE PWR DMD

AND
S
FUNCTION:
Disabled LATCH

Alarm Set-Dominant

OR
Command
Latched Alarm R
RESET
Configurable

SETPOINTS

AND
BLOCK:
LED: PICKUP
Off=0
SETPOINTS
OUTPUT RELAYS

OR
Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS
REACTIVE PWR DMD FlexLogic Operands
MEASUREMENT TYPE: ReactvPwr Dmd PKP
REACTIVE PWR DMD
THERMAL 90% RESPONSE SETPOINTS
TIME:
SETPOINTS REACTIVE PWR DMD
SIGNAL INPUT: REACTIVE PWR DMD REACTIVE POWER PICKUP:
Reactive Power Inputs TIME INTERVAL:
Calculate: RUN
Three-Phase
Power 1 Reactive Demand |Q Demand| PICKUP
Reactive Power (Q)
Min Reactive Demand
Max Reactive Demand
Not available in 869 Reset Min & Max Reactive ACTUAL VALUES
Demand to 0
Pwr 1 Reactive Dmd
Pwr 1 Min Reactive Dmd
SETPOINTS
Pwr 1 Max Reactive Dmd
RESET DEMAND:
Off=0

Rising Edge ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟

Figure 191: Reactive Power Demand logic diagram

10.8.2.4 APPARENT POWER DEMAND

The Apparent Power Demand is monitored by comparing to a Pickup value. If the Apparent Power Demand Pickup
is ever equaled or exceeded, the relay can be configured to cause an alarm or signal an output relay.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Demand > Apparent Power Demand 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Configurable

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: Power x (Dependent on order code)
Default: Power 1

MEASUREMENT TYPE
Range: Blk Interval, Exponential, Rolling Demand
Default: Blk Interval
The setting sets the measurement method. Three methods can be applied.

THERMAL 90% RESPONSE TIME

Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 15 min

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

The setpoint sets the time required for a steady state Apparent Power to indicate 90% of the actual value to
approximately match the response of the relay to analog instruments. The setpoint is visible only if
MEASUREMENT TYPE is Exponential.

TIME INTERVAL
Range: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min
Default: 20 min
The setpoint sets the time period over which the Apparent Power Demand calculation is to be performed. The
setpoint is visible only if MEASUREMENT TYPE is Block Interval or Rolling Demand.

PICKUP
Range: 0.1 to 300000.0 kVA in steps of 0.1 kVA
Default: 5000.0 kVA
The setting sets the Apparent Power Demand Pickup level.

RESET DEMAND
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Any FlexLogic operand can be used to reset the minimum and maximum apparent power demand from its
current value to zero. The minimum and maximum values reset at the rising edge of the set operand. After reset
to zero, calculation of minimum and maximum apparent power demand values continues until the next rising
edge of the reset operand.
The Reset Demand operand doesn't reset the current value of the demand used by the Apparent Power
Demand function.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

LED: ALARM

AND
SETPOINTS

OR
APPARENT PWR DMD

AND
S
FUNCTION:
Disabled LATCH

Alarm Set-Dominant

OR
Command
Latched Alarm R
RESET
Configurable

SETPOINTS

AND
BLOCK:
LED: PICKUP
Off=0
SETPOINTS
OUTPUT RELAYS

OR
Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS
APPARENT PWR DMD FlexLogic Operands
MEASUREMENT TYPE: ApprntPwr Dmd PKP
APPARENT PWR DMD
THERMAL 90% RESPONSE SETPOINTS
TIME:
SETPOINTS APPARENT PWR DMD
SIGNAL INPUT: APPARENT PWR DMD APPARENT POWER PICKUP:
Apparent Power Inputs TIME INTERVAL:
Calculate: RUN
Three-Phase Power 1 Apparent Demand S Demand PICKUP
Apparent Power (S)
Min Apparent Demand
Max Apparent Demand ACTUAL VALUES
Not available in 869 Reset Min & Max Apparent Pwr 1 Apparent Dmd
Demand to 0 Pwr 1 Min Apparent Dmd
Pwr 1 Max Apparent Dmd
SETPOINTS
RESET DEMAND:
Off=0

Rising Edge ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟

Figure 192: Apparent Power Demand logic diagram

10.8.3 PULSED OUTPUTS

The relay provides a Pulse Output element for four energy measurements. The Pulse Output element can operate
auxiliary relays after an adjustable energy increment for the quantities of positive and negative MWh (Megawatt
hours) and positive and negative MVARh (Mega Volt Amp Reactive hours).
Pulses occur at the end of each programmed energy increment. Upon power-up of the relay, the Pulse Output
function, if enabled, continues from where it was at the time of loss of control power. For example, if control power is
removed when the positive Watt hours stored at last pulse was 24.000 MWh, when control power is re-applied a
pulse occurs at 34.000 MWh if the energy increment is set at 10.000 MWh.
1. The Auxiliary Output relay(s) used for this element must be set to Self-Resetting. The pulses consist of a
one second on-time and a one second off-time. This feature is programmed such that no more than one
pulse per two seconds is required.
2. The relay is not a revenue class meter and cannot be used for billing purposes.
3. Energy quantities are displayed in MWh and MVarh, with resolutions of 1 kWh and 1 kVarh respectively.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Pulsed Outputs

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: Power x (Dependent on order code)
Default: Power 1
This setting provides the power element selection for the CT and VT bank identification.

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

POS WHS PULSE INCREMENT

Range: 0.000 to 1000.000 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 10.000 MWh
The setpoint specifies the positive Watthours threshold pulse increment after which the output pulse and output
operand are set.

POS WHS PULSE RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

NEG WHS PULSE INCREMENT

Range: 0.000 to 1000.000 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 10.000 MWh
The setpoint specifies the negative Watthours threshold pulse increment after which the output pulse and output
operand are set.

NEG WHS PULSE RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

POS VARHS PULSE INCREMENT

Range: 0.000 to 1000.000 MVARh in steps of 0.001 MVARh
Default: 10.000 MVARh
The setpoint specifies the positive VARhours threshold pulse increment after which the output pulse and output
operand are set.

POS VARHS PULSE RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

NEG VARHS PULSE INCREMENT

Range: 0.000 to 1000.000 MVARh in steps of 0.001 MVARh
Default: 10.000 MVARh
The setpoint specifies the positive VARhours threshold pulse increment after which the output pulse and output
operand are set.

NEG VARHS PULSE RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-Reset

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

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✠ ✠ ✠ ✠

✲ ✠ ✲ ✲ ✠ ✲
✪ ☞ ☞ ✪ ☞ ☞

❣
✏

✫
✻

✶ ✪

❑ ❑

❲ ❲ ❲ ❲

❏ ❏

❚ ❚ ❚ ❚

❯ ❯ ❯ ❯

❊ ❊
✾
✾ ✾

◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

✾ ✾

❋ ❋

❊
❱ ❱ ❱ ❊ ❱ ❊

❑ ❑

■ ■

❯ ❯ ❯ ❯

●
✽ ✽ ● ●

✄
❏ ❏

◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

❋ ❋
✽ P
P P

✼ ✼
❊ ❊

✽ P
❚ ❚ ❚ ❚

✠
✁

✼ ✼

❙ ❙ ❙ ❙
❋ ❋
❋ ❋ ❋ ❋

❋ ❋

❘ ❘ ❘ ❘

P P
P P

■ ■

✕ ◆ ◆
◆ ◆

◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

P P

◆ ◆
❋ ❋

☛ ✔

❖ ❖
❖ ❖

✓ ✔

❖ ❖

● ●
✡

❍ ◆ ❍ ❛ ◆ ❛
✒

▼ ▼

✠
❏ ❏
● ● ● ●

❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋
✟

▲ ▲

✎
✞ ✺

❊ ❆ ❊ ■ ❊ ❆ ❊ ■

Figure 193: Pulsed Outputs logic diagram

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.8.4 DIGITAL COUNTERS

The relay provides sixteen identical Digital Counters. A Digital Counter counts the number of state transitions from
logic 0 to logic 1.
The Digital Counters are numbered from 1 to 16. The counters are used to count operations such as the Pickups of
an element, the changes of state of an external contact (e.g. breaker auxiliary switch), or the pulses from a watt-
hour meter.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Digital Counters > Digital Counter 1 (16)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

NAME
Range: Any 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Counter 1

UNITS
Range: Any 5 alphanumeric characters
Default: Units
Assigns a label to identify the unit of measure with respect to the digital transitions to be counted. The units label
will appear in the metering corresponding Actual Values Status under Records > Digital Counters.

PRE-SET
Range: -2147483648, 0, +2147483647
Default: 0
The setpoint sets the count to a required pre-set value before counting operations begin, as in the case where a
substitute relay is installed in place of an in-service relay, or while the Counter is running.

COMPARE
Range: -2147483648, 0, +2147483647
Default: 0
The setpoint sets the value to which the accumulated count value is compared. Three FlexLogic output
operands are provided to indicate if the present value is ‘more than (HI)’, ‘equal to (EQL)’, or ‘less than (LO)’ the
set value.

UP
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand for incrementing the Counter. If an enabled UP input is received
when the accumulated value is at the limit of +2147483647, the counter rolls over to -2147483648 and shows
the alarm ‘Digital Counter 1 at Limit’.

DOWN
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand for decrementing the Counter. If an enabled DOWN input is received
when the accumulated value is at the limit of +2147483647, the counter rolls over to -2147483648 and shows
the alarm ‘Digital Counter 1 at Limit’.

SET TO PRE-SET
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand used to set the counter to the pre-set value. The counter is set at
pre-set value in the following situations:
When
○ the Counter is enabled and Digital Counter 1 Set to Pre-Set operand has value 1 (when the Counter is
enabled and Digital Counter 1 Set to Pre-Set operand has value 0, the Counter will be set to 0).
When
○ the Counter is running and Digital Counter 1 Set to Pre-Set operand changes the state from 0 to 1
(Digital Counter 1 Set to Pre-Set changing from 1 to 0 while the Counter is running has no effect on the
count).
When
○ a reset or reset/freeze command is sent to the Counter and Digital Counter 1 Set to Pre-Set operand
has the value 1 (when a reset or reset/freeze command is sent to the Counter and Digital Counter 1 Set to
Pre-Set operand has the value 0, the Counter will be set to 0).

RESET
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand for setting the count, either 0 or the pre-set value depending on the
state of the Counter 1 Set to Pre-set operand.

FREEZE/RESET
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand for freezing (capturing) the accumulating count value into a separate
register with the associated date and time of the operation while resetting the count to either 0 or the pre-set
value depending on the state of the Counter 1 Set to Pre-set operand.

FREEZE/COUNT
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand for freezing (capturing) the accumulating count value into a separate
register with the associated date and time of the operation while continuing counting. The present accumulated
value and frozen (captured) value with the associated date/time stamp are available as STATUS values. If
control power is interrupted, during the power-down operation, the accumulated and frozen (captured) values
are saved into non-volatile memory.

HI OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EQL OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

LO OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

Note:
The counter accumulated value can be reset to zero either by asserting an operand programmed under Reset from the
counter menu, executing the clear Digital Counters command under the Records/Clear menu, or by setting the function of the
counter to “Disabled”.

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

✙✵ ✙✵ ✙✵ ❬
❏
■❍ ✖✷ ✮✯✭ ❏
■❍ ✖✷ ✮✯✭ ❏
■❍ ✖✷ ✮✯✭ ✮✯✭ ❨❩❳
● ✙✶ ✬✤ ● ✙✶ ✬✤ ● ✙✶ ✬✤ ✬✤ ❱
✂ ✫ ✂ ✫ ✡ ✂ ✫ ✫ ✑✠ ❲
✆✝ ✱❋ ✸✒✵✙ ☎ ✑ ✆✝ ✱❋ ✸✒✵✙ ☎ ✆✝ ✱❋ ✸✒✵✙ ☎ ❃ ☎ ✲✑ ❱
☎✄ ✡ ✖ ✪✩ ❊ ☎✄ ✡ ✛✡ ✖ ✪✩ ✛✰ ☎✄ ❃ ✛✡ ✖ ✪✩ ✡✒ ✪✩ ✡ ❯
❚
✂ ✑ ✛✌ ✙✷✶ ★✧ ✍ ✂ ✰ ✙✷✶ ★✧ ✍ ✂ ✙✷✶ ★✧ ✍ ★✧ ✍ ❙
✁ ✛✌ ✁ ✛ ✌✠ ✦✥ ✛✌ ✁ ✡✒ ✌✠ ✦✥ ✛✌ ✛✌ ❘
❊
✍ ✠✏ ✒✵ ✥✦✤ ✠ ✍ ✏ ✒✵ ✠ ✍ ✏ ✒✵ ✠ ✥✦✤ ✠ ◗
✌✠ ✹✠ ✴ ✣✢ ☞ ✌✠ ✹✠ ✴ ✣✤✢ ☞ ✌✠ ✹✠ ✴ ✣✤✢ ☞ ✣✢ ☞
☞ ✏ ☞ ✏ ☞ ✏ ✏
☞ ✏ ✴ ✒ ☞ ✏ ✴ ✒ ☞ ✏ ✴ ✒ ✒
☛ ✒ ✞ ☛ ☛ ✒ ✞ ☛ ☛ ✒ ✞ ☛ ☛

✛ ✛ ✛ ✛❄☞ ✛❄☞ ✛
✱✹✌ ✱✹✌ ✱✹✌ P ✍ ✒✑✠
☞
✒ ✒ ✲
✂ ✌✎ ✌✎ ✑✠
✆✝
☎✄
✲
✒
✲
✒
✲
✒
❖
❑ ✛✌✠ ✱✡ ✍ ✍ ☞✞
✍ ☛ ☛ ☛ ◆ ☞ ✏
✂
✁
✌✠ ✛✓ ❉✠ ✾✠ ❈✠ ▼ ✏ ✲✏
✒ ☛ ✛✌✠ ✛✌✠ ✱✛
☞ ✌ ☞ ☞ ☞ ▲ ☛ ☛ ☞ ☞ ✱✠
☛ ✱✹ ✏ ✏ ✏ ❑ ✏ ✏ ✞
✡✠ ✲ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✱ ✒ ✒
✟ ✒ ☛ ☛ ☛ ☛ ☛
✞ ☛

✓ ✛ ✞ ✛ ✛
✏✡ ✲✑
✛✠ ✡✏ ✛
✛✓ ✻✓✠ ✺✻✛ ✱ ❊ ✳✱
✠
✲✱ ✑ ✛✠ ✳ ✱☛ ✞
✂
✝✆ ☞
☞
✏ ✹✌ ✱✡ ✛✞ ✛ ✻ ✛✠ ✿
✒✠ ✱☞
☎✄ ✍ ✍ ✍ ✏ ✱✠ ✌ ✑✠ ✺✻✛ ✛✠
✂ ✌✠ ✌✠ ✌✠ ☛ ✡ ✛✌✠ ✲✑✡ ✌ ✛✠ ✱
✁ ☞ ☞ ☞ ✱✡ ✲✏ ☞
✹ ✻ ✛
✞
☛ ☛ ☛ ☛ ✏ ✏ ✒✠ ✌
✡✠ ✡✠ ✡✠ ☞ ☛ ✒
✏ ✱☛ ☛ ✠ ✠✒
✟
✞
✟
✞
✟
✞ ✌ ✻✛ ✻

❀❁❂ ❀❁❂

❀❁❂ ❆❇ ❆❇

✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✓ ✂ ✂ ✂
✆✝ ✆✝ ✆✝ ✆✝ ✆✝ ✛✠ ✆✝ ✆✝ ✠✓ ✆✝ ✠✓
☎✄ ✍ ☎✄ ✍ ☎✄ ✍ ☎✄ ✍ ☎✄ ✍ ✻✺✛ ☎✄ ✍ ☎✄ ✍ ✛✻ ☎✄ ✍ ☞✏
✂ ✌ ✓ ✂ ✌✠ ✂ ✌✠ ✂ ✌✠ ✂ ✌
✠ ✹✌ ✂ ✌✠ ✂ ✌✠ ✛ ✂ ✌✠ ✒
✁ ✠☞ ☞✒ ✁ ☞ ✓ ✁ ☞ ✁ ☞ ✓ ✁ ☞ ✁ ☞ ✓ ✁ ☞ ✛❅✌ ✁ ☞ ✛❅☛
☛ ✑✠ ✚✙ ✚ ☛ ☛ ☛ ☛ ✒ ✿ ☛ ☛ ☛
✘✗ ✘✙✗ ✡ ✽ ✿✾ ✡✠ ✿ ✡✠ ❃☞ ✿✾ ✡✠ ✠ ✾ ✡✠ ✛✠ ✿✾ ✡✠ ❄✛ ✿✾ ✡✠ ❄✛ ✿✾
✠✡ ☞☛ ✖✕ ✠ ☛✒ ✎✎ ✓ ✾✎ ✎ ✎ ✻ ✎✎ ✎✎ ✎✎
✟ ✏ ✔ ✜✛✖ ✟ ✡ ✟ ✹ ✎ ✟ ✒ ✎ ✟ ✛✠ ✎ ✟ ✛ ✟ ✌ ✛ ✟ ✌ ✛
✞ ✎ ✞ ✞ ✼ ✒ ✞ ✏ ✒ ✞ ✞ ✒ ✞ ✻ ✒ ✞ ✌ ✒ ✞ ✎ ✒ ✞ ✎ ✒

Figure 194: Digital Counter logic diagram

10.8.5 TIME OF DAY TIMER

The Time of Day Timer function provides the user with the ability to program control actions based on real time.
There are two identical Time of Day Timers, numbered 1 and 2, each with an independent start and stop time

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

setting. Each timer is on when the relay real-time clock/calendar value is later than the timer Start Time 1, and
earlier than the timer Stop Time. FlexLogic Operand Time of Day 1 On follows the state of the timers. In addition,
1.0 second pulses are generated on FlexLogic Operands Time of Day 1 Start to Time of Day 3 Start and Time of
Day 1 Stop when the timers turn on and off respectively, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 195: Five operands per timer allow flexible close/open/maintain control

If the relay is connected to an external clock that follows daylight time changes, care should be taken that the
changes do not result in undesired operation. The timers wrap around 24h.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Functions > Time of Day Timers > Time of Day Timer 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

START TIME 1
Range: 00:00 to 23:59 in steps of 1 min
Default: 00:00
This setting is used to set the relay clock/calendar value at which the timer turns on. When the relay clock/
calendar is equal to the value set here, FlexLogic operands Time of Day 1(2) ON and Time of Day 1(2) Start 1
are asserted.

START TIME 2
Range: 00:00 to 23:59 in steps of 1 min
Default: 00:00

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

This setting is used to set the relay clock/calendar value at which the timer turns on. When the relay clock/
calendar is equal to the value set here, FlexLogic operand Time of Day 1(2) Start 2 is asserted.

START TIME 3
Range: 00:00 to 23:59 in steps of 1 min
Default: 00:00
This setting is used to set the relay clock/calendar value at which the timer turns on. When the relay clock/
calendar is equal to the value set here, FlexLogic operand Time of Day 1(2) Start 3 is asserted.

STOP TIME
Range: 00:00 to 23:59 in steps of 1 min
Default: 00:00
This setting is used to set the relay clock/calendar value at which the timer turns off. When the relay clock/
calendar is equal to the value set here, FlexLogic operand Time of Day 1(2) Stop is asserted.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

✸ ✷
✶

t t t t

r r r r ♣

❛ ❛ ❛ ❛ ♦

t t t t t

✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✫ ✒

✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶ ✶

② ② ② ② ② ②

❛ ❛ ❛ ❛ ❛ ❛

❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉

❢ ❢ ❢ ❢ ❢ ❢

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

❡ ❡ ❡ ❡ ❡ ❡

♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐ ✐
✙

✘ ✠ ✠ ✠ ✠ ✠ ✠

✗ ✗

✗ ✗

✖ ✖

✖ ✖

✵ ✵

✵ ✵

✕ ✕
✕ ✕ ✕

☞ ☞
☞ ☞ ☞

✔ ✔
✔ ✔ ✔

✸ ✷
✶
♣ ♣

t t t
♦ ♦

✶ ✶
✶ ✶

t t
r r r

r r
r r

✒ ✒

❛ ❛ ❛

❡ ❡ ❡ ❡ t t t

❃
❂

✒ ✒ ✒

♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

✐ ✐
✐ ✐

❂ ❂ ❂

✠ ✠
✠ ✠

✿ ✿ ✿
❃ ❃ ❃

❡
❡ ❡ r
② ②
② ②

❡ ❡ ❡

❛
❛ ❛
❛ ❛

♠
♠ ♠
t
❡

✐
✐ ✐
♠ ♠ ♠

❉ ❉ ❉ ❉

✐ ✐ ✐

✠
✠ ✠

● t t t

❢ ❢ ❢ ❢

◆ ✸ ✷ ♦ ✶ ♦
♦ ♦

t t t

❚ ❡ ❡
❡ ❡

r r r ♣

❛ ❛ ❛ ♦

♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

❊ t t t t
✐ ✐
✐ ✐

✠ ✒ ✠ ✒
❙ ✠ ✒ ✠ ✒

✭
❞ ❞ ②

❡ ❡

✶ ✶

❧ ❧

❞ ✑

r r
❜ ❜ ❢

❑
✏
❡ ❡

❛ ❛

s ✫
❈

♠ ♠

✍
✐ ✐

✡
❡

✠ ✠

② ②

❛ ❛

❉ ❉

● ■

❢ ❢

P
♦

◆ ♦ ♦ ✿

✲ ✌

❝
❚

❡ ❡

❚ ♥
☛

♠ ♠

❧ ❊

❊
✉
✐ ✐

❙ ✠ ❋ ✠ ✬ ❘

Figure 196: Time of Day Timer logic diagram

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.9 STARTER FAILURE

If the Starter Failure alarm feature is enabled, any time the 859 initiates a trip, it will monitor the breaker or contactor
Opened status and the motor current. If the breaker or contactor status contacts do not change state or the motor
current does not drop to zero after the programmed time delay, an alarm will occur. The time delay should be
slightly longer than the breaker or contactor operating time. In the event that an alarm does occur, and the Breaker
was chosen as the switching device type, the alarm will be Breaker Failure. If on the other hand, Contactor was
chosen for starter type, the alarm will be Welded Contactor.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Starter Failure

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 60.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.10 s

OUTPUT RELAY
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Any auxiliary relay configured under this setpoint can be operated by the Starter Failure function.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Logic diagram
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✒☞✠✓✔✕✟✠
✖✕✗✍✎✏✑✘✙✚
✛✏✍✌✜ ✦ ✢✰✖✱ ✛✢✛✲✳
✤ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✧
✢✍✔✓✣✑✘ ✛✏✍✌✜ ✥ ★
③✕✓❯☞✷ ✖✑✏✍✸
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌✍✎✏✑ ✔ ✵ ✤ ✯✟ ✛✠✸ ✛✏✍✌✜ ✏✟☛✕✓
✦ ✚ ✥
✧
★ ✢✛✯✞✴
✦
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✧
✲ ✦ ★ ✵
✧
❚✏✟✓❯ ★ ✢✛✯✞✴
✶❱✙✚ ✞✟✜✜✍✠✘ ✲
✲✰✵✰✯ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
●❍■❏❍❑▲▼◆ ❑❖■P◗❘❙
✤ ✶☞✔✷☞✔ ✲✑✏✍✸
❤❂✐ ❥❆❦❉ ✥
✖✟ ✹✟✔ ✶✷✑✌✍✔✑✺ ✶✷✑✌✍✔✑
✽❦❧❦❂♠ ♥❋♠❊
●❍■❏❍❑▲▼◆ ❑❖■P◗❘❙ ✦
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✧
✻✼✽ ✾ ✿❀❁❂❃❄❅❃❁❆❇ ❈❉❊❂❊❋ ★ qr✁sr☎t✆✉ ☎✄✁✈✇✝①
✤ ✵♦✕✔✓✣✕✠☛ ✖✑✪✕✓✑ ✯✸✷✑
✥ ❚②✲ ✯✌✟☞✎✏✑ ✶③
❚✌✑✍❯✑✌ ✙ ♣
✦ ④✑✏✘✑✘ ✞✟✠✔ ✶③
✞✟✠✔✍✓✔✟✌ ✙ ♣ ✧
★
❲❳❨❩❬ ❭ ❪❫❴❴❬❵❛ ❜❝❨❞
✒✌✟✜ ✵✑✔✷✟✕✠✔✗⑤✵✸✗✔✑✜⑤✳✟✔✟✌⑤✵✑✔☞✷
❲❳❨❩❬ ❡ ❪❫❴❴❬❵❛ ❜❝❢❞ ✩✍✪☛ ✫ ✚✬✚✭ ✮ ✞✯
❲❳❨❩❬ ❣ ❪❫❴❴❬❵❛ ❜❝❪❞ ✦
✧
★ qr✁sr☎t✆✉ ☎✄✁✈✇✝①
❚②✲ ✯✌✟☞✎✏✑ ③②③
✦ ④✑✏✘✑✘ ✞✟✠✔ ③②③
✧
★
⑥⑦⑧⑧⑨⑩✛♣✬✓✘✌

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.10 HARMONIC DETECTION

The Harmonic detection 1(6) element monitors the selected 2nd to 5th harmonic or Total Harmonics Distortion
(THD), which is present in the phase currents. The relay provides six identical Harmonic Detection elements.
In a distribution network, harmonic detection can be used to monitor spurious harmonics from inverter based
distributed energy resources, and take control actions such as islanding DERs or turning on harmonic filters. During
transformer energization or motor starts, the inrush current present in phase currents can impact some sensitive
elements, such as negative sequence overcurrent. Therefore, the ratio of the second harmonic to the fundamental
magnitude per phase is monitored, while exceeding the settable pickup level, an operand is asserted, which can be
used to block such sensitive elements.
During startup or shutdown of generator connected transformers, or following a load rejection, the transformer can
experience an excessive ratio of volts to hertz, that is, become overexcited. Similarly, the ratio of the fifth harmonic
to the fundamental magnitude can be monitored to detect the overexcitation condition.

Note:
The harmonics monitored in this element is calculated from the phase currents, unlike the second or fifth harmonic differential
current used in the transformer differential element.

Note:
The harmonics are updated every protection pass. The THD is updated every three cycles, which is not recommended as a
blocking signal.

Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Harmonic Detection > Harmonic Detection 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: CT Bank 1–J1

HARMONIC
Range: 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, THD
Default: 2nd
This setting selects the specified harmonic or THD to be monitored. The harmonic or THD is expressed in
percent relative to the fundamental magnitude.

PICKUP
Range: 0.1 to 100.0% in steps of 0.1%
Default: 20.0%

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 60000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

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PHASES FOR OPERATION

Range: Any One, Any Two, All Three, Average
Default: Any One
This setting defines the phases required for operation, and the detail is explained below:
ANY
○ ONE: At least one phase picked up.
ANY
○ TWO: Two or more phases picked up.
ANY
○ THREE: All three phases picked up.
AVERAGE:
○ The average of three-phase harmonics or THDs picked up.
If set to Average, the relay calculates the average level of the selected harmonic and compares this level
against the pickup setting. Averaging of the selected harmonic follows an adaptive algorithm depending on the
fundamental current magnitude per-phase. If the fundamental magnitude on any of the three phases goes below
the current cut-off level, the selected harmonic current from that phase is dropped (zeroed) from the equation for
averaging, and the divider is decreased from 3 to 2. The same happens if the magnitude of the fundamental
magnitude on one of remaining two phases drops below the cut-off level. In this case the selected harmonic on
this phase is dropped from summation, and the divider is decreased to 1.

MIN OPER CURRENT

Range: 0.03 to 1.00 x CT in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.10 x CT
This setting sets the minimum value of current required to allow the Harmonic Detection element to operate.
If PHASES FROM OPERATION is set to Average, the average of three-phase currents is used for supervision.
A similar adaptive average algorithm is applied to calculate the average of operation current magnitude.

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

✒ ✁✂✄ ❉ ❉❊❋
✓
✔

SETPOINT
✒ ✱ ♥♦ ♣❉qr ❉st✉✈✇
✓ ✲
✕✖✗☞✘✙☛✗✍ ✔ ●
✚✛✜✢✣✤✥✦ ❍■❏❑✽
✧✤✢★✩ ✱
✡✢✪✫✬✥✦ ✧✤✢★✩ ✲ ☞✭✩✩✢✮✦ ●❂❃▲
❁▼❀◆❖✾❖❃
☞✭✮✎✛✯✰★✢✣✤✥ ✷✸❈✸✘ P

SETPOINT
✒
✠✡☛☞✌✍ ✓
✔
SETPOINT
☛✎✎✏✑ SETPOINT SETPOINT
SETPOINT ☛✖✘✳✖✘ ✷✸✡✧✹❈ ❙◗❚❘✍
✵✙✗✙✵✖✵ ☛✳✸✷ ✳✴✧❈✸❈ ✕☛✷ ✱
SETPOINT ☞✖✷✷✸✗✘✍ ✳✙☞✌✖✳✍ ☛✳✸✷✧✘✙☛✗✍ ✲ ✚✭ ✗✭✪ ☛❯✥★✢✪✥❱ ☛❯✥★✢✪✥
✙✗✳✖✘✍ ✷✖✗ ✷✖✗ ✧✗✹ ☛✗✸✍ ✧✪ ✤✥✢✜✪ ✭✮✥
✳✬✢✜✥ ✧ ☞✰★★✥✮✪ ◗✙✧❘ ✙✧ ✶ ✵✙✗✙✵✖✵ ✴✵✧ ✶ ✳✙☞✌✖✳ ❯✬✢✜✥ ❯✛✫❳✥✦ ✰❯❨ SETPOINT

✳✬✢✜✥ ✠ ☞✰★★✥✮✪ ◗✙✠❘ ✙✠ ✶ ✵✙✗✙✵✖✵ ✷✖✗ ✳✙☞✌✖✳ ✚✸✡✧✹✍ FlexLogic Operands

■❩❬ ❏❭❅❪ ❏❫▼ ▼✿ ❀▼✿❂
✳✬✢✜✥ ☞ ☞✰★★✥✮✪ ◗✙☞❘ ✙☞ ✶ ✵✙✗✙✵✖✵ ✴✵✠ ✶ ✳✙☞✌✖✳ ❴❵✾❛❂❛ ❴◆❜❝❂❞ ❡❴❢ ✪✺✻✺
✙✢❲✯ ✶ ✵✙✗✙✵✖✵ ✽✾✿❀ ❁❂❃ ❄ ❅❆
✧❲✥★✢✯✥ ☞✰★★✥✮✪ ◗✙✢❲✯❘ ✷✖✗ ■❍❍ ❏✽P❣❣❪ ■❤❤ ❃❵✿❂❂ ✼ ✁✂✄ ☎✆✝✞✟☎
✴✵☞ ✶ ✳✙☞✌✖✳ ❴❵✾❛❂❛ ❴◆❜❝❂❞ ❡❴❢
SETPOINT
✷✖✗ ■✐❣P■❥❣❪ ■❦❂✿✾❧❂ ❦✾❤❡❂
✴✧✷✵☛✗✙☞✍ ❴◆❜❝❂❞ ❡❴♠ FlexLogic Operands
✴✵✢❲✯ ✶ ✳✙☞✌✖✳
✳✬✢✜✥ ✧ ✴✵ ◗✴✵✧❘ ✽✾✿❀ ❁❂❃ ❄ ❆❇❆
✳✬✢✜✥ ✠ ✴✵ ◗✴✵✠❘ ✽✾✿❀ ❁❂❃❄ ❆❇❆ ■
✳✬✢✜✥ ☞ ✴✵ ◗✴✵☞❘
✽✾✿❀ ❁❂❃❄ ❆❇❆ ①
✧❲✥★✢✯✥ ✴✵ ◗✴✵✢❲✯❘
②③④⑤⑤⑥⑦⑥⑧⑨⑩❶❷ ✽✾✿❀ ❁❂❃❄ ❆❇❆ ❑

Figure 197: Harmonic Detection logic diagram

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.11 POWER QUALITY/VOLTAGE DISTURBANCE

The Voltage disturbance function includes both Voltage Swell and Voltage Sag.
Voltage Sag, as described in IEEE 1159-2009 : IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality,
is a fall in RMS voltage between 0.1 pu and 0.9 pu for durations from 0.5 cycles to 1 min. The condition ends when
the level increases to at least 10% of the nominal voltage above the SAG LEVEL setting. When the voltage on any
phase drops below this level a voltage sag condition occurs. Voltage sags are usually associated with system faults
but can also be caused by switching heavy loads or starting large motors. Short duration voltage sag may cause
process disruptions
Voltage Swell, as described in IEEE 1159-2009, Voltage swell is an increase in RMS voltage above 1.1 pu for
durations from 0.5 cycle to 1 min. To end a Swell condition the level must decrease to 10% of the nominal voltage
bellow the SWELL LEVEL setting. Voltage swells are usually associated with system fault conditions, but they are
much less common than voltage sags. An SLG fault on the system can cause a swell to occur, resulting in a
temporary voltage rise on the healthy phases. Swells can also be caused by switching off a large load, load
shedding, or switching on a large capacitor bank. Voltage swell may cause failure of the components depending
upon the magnitude and frequency of occurrence.
The following reference table represents the different categories of Voltage Sag/Swell conditions based on duration
and pickup level.
Short duration root-mean-square (RMS) Duration Level
Instantaneous
Sag 0.5 - 30 cycles 0.1 - 0.9 pu
Swell 0.5 - 30 cycles 1.1 - 1.8 pu
Momentary
Sag 30 cycles - 3 s 0.1 - 0.9 pu
Swell 30 cycles - 3 s 1.1 - 1.4 pu
Interruption 0.5 cycles - 3 s < 0.1 pu
Temporary
Sag >3 s - 1 min 0.1 - 0.9 pu
Swell >3 s - 1 min 1.1 - 1.2 pu
Interruption >3 s - 1 min < 0.1 pu
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Power Quality > Voltage Disturbance1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: Ph VT Bank 1–J2

MODE
Range: Phase to Ground, Phase to Phase
Default: Phase to Ground
This setting provides selection of Phase to ground and Phase to phase voltages for a Wye VT connection (phase
to phase for delta connected VT connection).

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Note:
Only Phase to Phase mode should be selected when Delta/Single VT Connection Type and Pseudo Reference Phase-to-
Phase are programmed for Phase VT connection under System/Voltage Sensing.

VOLT SWELL PICKUP

Range: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.20 x VT
This setting defines the voltage swell pickup level for phase (A, B, C), and is usually set to a level 1.1 to 1.8
times the VT / nominal voltage.

VOLT SWELL DELAY

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 5.000 s
This setting specifies an operation time delay for the voltage swell function. Short duration (less than 1 min) or
long duration (more than 1 min) swell overvoltage conditions can be differentiated by setting this delay
appropriately.

MIN VOLT SUPV

Range: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.20 x VT
This setting defines the minimum feeder voltage level required to identify the voltage sag condition. This will help
to discriminate the voltage sag condition from the feeder down condition.

VOLT SAG PICKUP

Range: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Default: 1.20 x VT
This setting defines the voltage sag pickup level, and it is usually set to a level between 0.1 to 0.9 times the VT /
nominal voltage.

Note:
This setting must be higher then value set under MIN VOLT SUPV.

VOLT SAG DELAY

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 5.000 s
This setting specifies an operation time delay for the voltage sag function. Short duration (less than 1 min) or
long duration (more than 1 min) sag undervoltage conditions can be differentiated by setting this delay
appropriately.

VOLT SAG ALARM RESET

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 5.000 s
This setting specifies duration for the Volt Sag operation alarm. After this alarm reset time, the sag operation
alarm is reset until the next sag event. This setting avoids an undesired continuous alarm in case the upstream
power source is turned off.

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OUTPUT RELAY X
Rage: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

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859-1601-0911
SETPOINTS LED :
AND

Voltage Disturbance
FUNCTION:
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Disabled
OR

Alarm S
AND

Latched Alarm

OR
LATCH
Configurable
Command
RESET R

SETPOINTS FlexLogic Operands

SETPOINTS
Volt Swell Pickup Volt Swell1 OP A
BLOCK: SETPOINTS Volt Swell1 OP B FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
RUN
Off = 0 Volt Swell1 OP
Volt Swell Delay Volt Swell1 OP C
Va > Volt Swell PKP * VT

AND
OR

SETPOINT
SETPOINTS tPKP Alarm Output Relay X
0
RUN Do Not Operate, Operate
SIGNAL INPUT*:
Vb > Volt Swell PKP * VT tPKP
8S*: Ph VT Bnk1-J2 0
859: Ph VT Bnk1

OR
tPKP
* Not Applicable to 859 RUN 0

Vc > Volt Swell PKP * VT FlexLogic Operands

SETPOINTS VD1 Rise Armed
OR

Phase-to-Ground Voltages –
Wye connection MODE:
VD1 Rise Armed A
Phase A voltage (VA)
VD1 Rise Armed B
Phase B voltage (VB)
Phase C voltage (VC) VD1 Rise Armed C
Phase-to-Phase Voltages –

Figure 198: Voltage Disturbance 1 logic diagram

Delta connection
Ph-Ph AB voltage (VAB)
Ph-Ph BC voltage (VBC)
MODE: Phase to Ground, Phase
Ph-Ph CA voltage (VCA) to Phase (for wye connection)
Phase to Phase (Delta VTs) SETPOINTS
Calculated Phase-to-Phase
Voltages – Wye connection Voltage Disturbance
FUNCTION:
Ph-Ph AB voltage (VAB)
Disabled
Ph-Ph BC voltage (VBC)
Ph-Ph CA voltage (VCA) Alarm
Latched Alarm
Configurable
FlexLogic Operands

Volt Sag1 OP C

Volt Sag1 OP B
LED :
Volt Sag1 OP C
AND
OR

SETPOINTS S
AND

Volt Sag
: Pickup
SETPOINT LATCH
Volt Sag Delay Command
Min Volt Supv
tpkp S RESET R

AND
RUN 0 SETPOINT
SETPOINTS LATCH
Va < VDI Sag PKP * VT Volt Sag Alarm Reset
BLOCK: & tAR R
Va > Min Volt Supv * VT 0
OR

Off = 0
0
RUN FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Volt Sag1 OP
Vb < VDI Sag PKP * VT tpkp S
& 0 SETPOINT
OR

LATCH
Vb > Min Volt Supv * VT Volt Sag Alarm Reset SETPOINT
Alarm Output Relay X
R
OR

tAR Do Not Operate, Operate

0
OR

RUN
0
Vc < VDI Sag PKP * VT
&
Vc > Min Volt Supv * VT tpkp
0
S
SETPOINT FlexLogic Operands
LATCH
Volt Sag Alarm Reset
VD1 Drop Armed
Volt Sag Alarm Reset
OR

R
OR

tAR
0
0
VD1 Drop Armed A

VD1 Drop Armed B

VD1 Drop Armed C

894225C1

477
Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.12 SPEED
The relay is capable of measuring the motor/generator speed. Any of the input contacts can be used to read the
pulses from the input source. The source of the pulses can be an inductive proximity probe or Hall Effect gear tooth
sensor. The speed algorithm calculates the number of pulses in the window length (WL) and converts it into an
RPM value. A minimum pulse width of 10% of a revolution is required to detect a pulse from the pulse source.
The following equation is used to calculate the speed based on the detection of the number of pulses N during
window length WL.

Where:
● N = number of pulses during time defined by the Cal. Window Length (WL)
● PPR = pulses per revolution defined by setpoint PULSES PER REV (PPR)
● f = system frequency
● WL is calculated window length in cycles is defined as: WL = (60 x f) / (PPR x 50)
This element has two modes of speed: under speed and over speed which is defined by the setpoint DIRECTION.
In the under speed mode, a trip and alarm is configured so that the machine must be at a certain speed within a set
period of time from starting. The trip and alarm features are configured so that the specified speed (TRIP PICKUP
or ALARM PICKUP) must be reached in the specified time (TRIP DELAY or ALARM DELAY) otherwise the
element operates. Initially, the time delay begins when the machine starts rotating and resets when the desired
speed is reached. Once the machine is running with the rated speed and then that speed drops below the set
threshold, the time delay restarts and the designated output contact will operate if the machine fails to reach the set
speed in the allotted time.
In the over speed mode, the tachometer trip and alarm features are configured so that if the specified speed (TRIP
PICKUP or ALARM PICKUP) is exceeded for the specified time (TRIP DELAY or ALARM DELAY), the element
operates. Initially, the time delay begins when the machine speed exceeds the pickup value resets when the speed
drops below the pickup.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Speed

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Speed protection Trip functionality.

INPUT
Range: Off, Any Digital Input
Default: Off
Any of the digital input contacts can be used to read the pulses from the input source. For example, an inductive
proximity probe or Hall Effect gear tooth sensor may be used to sense the key on the motor. The NPN transistor
output can be sent to one of the digital inputs.
The following figure illustrates wiring examples of PNP-type and NPN-type speed probes connected to the input
terminals

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

✁✂ ✄✂

Figure 199: Wiring Examples of Speed Protection Input.

RATED SPEED
Range: 100 to 7200 RPM in steps of 1
Default: 3600 RPM
RPM defines the rated speed of the motor.

Note:
This setting is located under Setpoints > System > Motor Setup

Note:
In a two speed motor application, when 2-Speed Motor Protection is “Enabled” and Speed2 Motor Switch is “On”, the setpoint
Speed2 RATED SPEED, programmed under System > Motor > Setup, is used by the Speed protection as the rated value.

PULSES PER REV

Range: 1 to 6 PPR in steps of 1 PPR
Default: 1 PPR
The Number of pulses per revolution (PPR) is required to calculate the switching frequency of the input pulses.
Switching frequency can be calculated as follows.
Switching frequency = (PPR x RPM) / 60
Where:
PPR
○ = pulses per revolution
RPM
○ = rated speed

DIRECTION
Range: Underspeed, Overspeed
Default: Underspeed
This setting defines the mode for speed protection. When DIRECTION is set to Underspeed, the Trip and/or Alarm
function picks up when the measured motor speed is below the set pickup level. Likewise, when the Direction is set
to Overspeed, the Trip and/or Alarm function picks up when the measured machine speed is above the
programmed pickup level.

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 20 to 120% in steps of 1
Default: 75%
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function.

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function.

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the speed protection Alarm functionality

ALARM PICKUP
Range: 20 to 120% in steps of 1
Default: 80%
This setting specifies a pickup threshold for the Alarm function.

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the Alarm function.

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The Speed protection can be blocked by any asserted FlexLogic operand.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-Reset, Latched

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Default: Latched

Logic diagram
✵✶✁✷✶☎✸✆✹ ☎✄✁✺✻✝✼
✍✴✿ ✘✏✢✽
✮ ✞✩✜✛ ✘✒✙✧
✯
✰ ❵❛❜✛ ✘✳ ✳✽☞✏✟✠☞
✥ ✚✾✠✽✾✠ ✒☞✎✟✿ ❝❞✘✒✙✧❡
✦
❵❢❜✛ ✘✳ ✳✽☞✏✟✠☞ ✠☛☞
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✮ ✣☞✎☞✡✠☞✌ ❘✏☞✟❃☞✏❣
✯ ✲
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✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✞✍✘✗✱
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✒✕✖ ✲✽☞☞✌ ❂ ✘✏✢✽ ✧✢✡❃✾✽
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✙✖✧✕✘✛ ✧✾✎✣☞✣ ✧☞✏ ✒☞P✛ ✠✫✬✫ ✒✩✲✩✘ ✒
✭ ✗✳✑✑✟✴✌ ✲✽☞☞✌ ✘✏✢✽ ✚✧
✒✕✖ ✒✕✖ ✲✽☞☞✌ ◗ ✘✏✢✽ ✧✢✡❃✾✽
✚❄❅✭ ✔✢✎✠☞✏✢✴❆ ✥
✦
❙❚❚❯❱❲ ❳❨❲❩❬❭❩ ❪❲❫❴❩ ✮ ✲✽☞☞✌ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✯
✰ ✓☞✟✣✾✏☞✑☞✴✠ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✘✏✢✽ ✚✾✠✽✾✠ ✒☞✎✟✿ ❀
✗✳✴✠✟✡✠ ✙✴✽✾✠ ❀ ✍✞✍✒✓ ✧✙✗★✕✧✛ ✜✳ ✖✳✠ ✚✽☞✏✟✠☞❁ ✚✽☞✏✟✠☞
✣✠✟✠✾✣ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✒✕✖ ✲✽☞☞✌❂ ✍✎✟✏✑ ✧✢✡❃✾✽ ✍✞✍✒✓ ✧✙✗★✕✧ ✜✩✞✍✪✛
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✠✫✬✫ ✵✶✁✷✶☎✸✆✹ ☎✄✁✺✻✝✼
✭
✒✕✖ ✲✽☞☞✌◗ ✍✎✟✏✑ ✧✢✡❃✾✽ ✲✽☞☞✌ ✘✏✢✽ ✧★✧
✘✒✙✧ ✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✖✛
✜✢✣✟✤✎☞✌❅✭ ✞✩✜✛ ✍✎✟✏✑
✘✏✢✽
✥ ✮
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌ ✘✏✢✽ ✦ ✯
✰
✗✳✴❤❆✾✏✟✤✎☞
✥
✦
✵❇❈❉✶❊❋●❍ ☎■❈❏❑▲▼ ✮
✓✳✠✳✏ ✲✠✳✽✽☞✌ ✥ ✮ ✯
✦ ✯ ✰ ✲
✰
✓✳✠✳✏ ✘✏✢✽✽☞✌ ✞✍✘✗✱
✮
✯
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✰ ✒✩✲✩✘ ✒
❘✞✚✗★✛ ✗✳✑✑✟✴✌
✮
✚❄ ❅ ✭ ✯
✰
✵✶✁✷✶☎✸✆✹ ☎✄✁✺✻✝✼
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✲✽☞☞✌ ✍✎✟✏✑ ✚✧
✜✙✒✩✗✘✙✚✖✛
✕✴✌☞✏ ✲✽☞☞✌ ✮ ✲✽☞☞✌ ✍✎✟✏✑ ✧★✧
✯
✰
✚P☞✏ ✲✽☞☞✌
✮ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✯
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✰ ✍✎✟✏✑ ✚✾✠✽✾✠ ✒☞✎✟✿ ❀

✍✞✍✒✓ ✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✖✛ ✮ ✜✳ ✖✳✠ ✚✽☞✏✟✠☞❁ ✚✽☞✏✟✠☞

✯
✰
✜✢✣✟✤✎☞✌
✍✎✟✏✑ ✥
✦
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌ ✍✎✟✏✑ ✻✹✂◆✻✶ ❖✻✶◆✁
✲✽☞☞✌

❵❜✐✐❛❛✍❝❥✡✌✏

Figure 200: Speed Protection logic diagram

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10.13 RTD TEMPERATURE

Note:
To enhance the accuracy of the RTD, ensure all 3 cables are of the same length and gauge. In addition, the Compensation
and Return wires must be connected on the RTD side and not on the relay side.

RTD Inputs
The relay supports RTD inputs using I/O cards, which can provide up to 12 RTDs. If connected to a RRTD module,
it will monitor up to 12 additional RRTDs.
Hardware and software is provided to receive the signals from external Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)
and convert these signals into a digital format for use as required. These channels are intended to be connected to
any of the RTD types in common use.
An alphanumeric name is assigned to each channel; this name is included in the channel actual values. It is also
used to reference the channel as the input parameter to features designed to measure this type of parameter.
Selecting the type of RTD connected to the channel configures the channel. The conversion chart is shown in the
following table.

Note:
The 859 does not permit online modification of setpoints. Changes must be made in the offline file and written to the relay.

RTD Temperature vs. Resistance

TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE (IN OHMS)
°C °F 100 Ω PT (IEC 120 Ω NI 100 Ω NI 10 Ω CU
60751)
–40 –40 84.27 92.76 77.30 7.49
–30 –22 88.22 99.41 82.84 7.88
–20 –4 92.16 106.15 88.45 8.26
–10 14 96.09 113.00 94.17 8.65
0 32 100.00 120.00 100.00 9.04
10 50 103.90 127.17 105.97 9.42
20 68 107.79 134.52 112.10 9.81
30 86 111.67 142.06 118.38 10.19
40 104 115.54 149.79 124.82 10.58
50 122 119.40 157.74 131.45 10.97
60 140 123.24 165.90 138.25 11.35
70 158 127.08 174.25 145.20 11.74
80 176 130.90 182.84 152.37 12.12
90 194 134.71 191.64 159.70 12.51
100 212 138.51 200.64 167.20 12.90
110 230 142.29 209.85 174.87 13.28
120 248 146.07 219.29 182.75 13.67
130 266 149.83 228.96 190.80 14.06
140 284 153.58 238.85 199.04 14.44
150 302 157.33 248.95 207.45 14.83
160 320 161.05 259.30 216.08 15.22

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TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE (IN OHMS)

°C °F 100 Ω PT (IEC 120 Ω NI 100 Ω NI 10 Ω CU
60751)
170 338 164.77 269.91 224.92 15.61
180 356 168.48 280.77 233.97 16.00
190 374 172.17 291.96 243.30 16.39
200 392 175.86 303.46 252.88 16.78

RTD Protection
The relay can monitor up to 12 RTDs and 12 RRTDs, each of which can be configured to have a trip temperature
and an alarm temperature.
The Alarm temperature is set slightly above the normal running motor temperature. The trip temperature is normally
set at the insulation rating.
Trip Voting has been added for extra security in the event of RTD malfunction. If enabled, a second RTD must also
exceed the trip temperature of the RTD being checked before a trip will be issued. If the RTD is chosen to vote with
itself, the voting feature is disabled. Each RTD may also be configured as being of application type None, Stator,
Bearing, Ambient or Other. RTDs configured as Stator type are also used by the thermal model for determining the
RTD Bias.
This element also monitors the RTD broken connection and blocks the RTD trip and alarm functions if the RTD
connection is detected as Open or Shorted and generates RTD Open and RTD Shorted FlexLogic operands. An
RTD is detected as Open when the RTD connection is either open or the temperature is greater than 250°C. An
RTD is detected as Shorted when the RTD connection is either shorted or the temperature is equal to less than
-40°C.

Note:
The RTD input is active regardless of whether or not, the RTD Trip, or/and RTD Alarm functions are enabled.

Path:Setpoints > RTD Temperature > RTD 1[X]

Path:Setpoints > RRTD Temperature > RRTD 1[X]

TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Configurable
Default: Disabled
If a trip is not required from the RTD, select Configurable. This enables the RTD without producing a trip.

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: RTD 1

TYPE
Range: 100 Ω Platinum, 100 Ω Nickel, 120 Ω Nickel, 10Ω Copper
Default: 100 Ω Platinum
Selects the type of the RTD used.

APPLICATION
Range: None, Stator, Bearing, Ambient, Other

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Default: None
The setting allows each individual RTD to be assigned to a group application. This is useful for some
applications, which require group measurement. Selecting None means that the RTD operates individually and
is not part of any RTD group. Common groups are provided for needs at rotating machines applications such as
Ambient or Bearing.

VOTING
Range: Off, RTD 1, RTD 2….RTD 12
Default: Off
This setting selects the RTD that must also exceed this RTD’s Trip Temperature for a trip to occur. Selecting the
same RTD to which the element is related to, has the same effect as selecting “Off”.

TRIP TEMPERATURE
Range: 1°C to 250°C in steps of 1°C (33°F to 482°F in steps of 2°F)
Default: 155°C (311°F)

TRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0 s to 600 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 2 s

TRIP DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0 s to 600 s in steps of 1s
Default: 0 s

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

ALARM FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled

ALARM TEMPERATURE
Range: 1°C to 250°C in steps of 1°C (33°F to 482°F in steps of 2°F)
Default: 130°C (266°F)

ALARM PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0 s to 600 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 2 s

ALARM DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0 s to 600 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s

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ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

Logic diagram
➉➃ ➃➅➆➇➂ ➈➉➊
➋➃➂ ➌➃➅➍➎➏

✽✾✁✿✾☎❀✆❁ ☎✄✁❂❃✝❄
✪✭✥ ✻ ➝✭✚✤✮➞ ☞✯

✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✭✚✤✮ ✪✗✟✔✰ ❅
★
✩ ✥✠ ✬✠✕ ☞✮✗✚✔✕✗❆ ☞✮✗✚✔✕✗
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
❩❬❭❪❫❴❵❭ ✭✚✤✮ ✭✗✛✮✗✚✔✕✢✚✗ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✓✶✥✷ ✭✚✤✮
✭✚✤✮ ✯✤✡☛✢✮ ✥✗✟✔✰ ➐➑➑➒❼➀➓❻❼❺❽ ➙➛➜✷ ✭✠ ✠✮✗✚✔✕✗
◆❨P❋ ✪✫✬ ✏ ☞✢✕✮✢✕ ✪✗✟✔✰ ✻➝✭✪↕✯➞
❩❬❭❪❫❴❵❭ ✭✚✤✮ ✥✚✠✮✠✢✕ ✥✗✟✔✰ ✑
❹❺❻❼❽❾ ✒
❱❏❖❋ ✕❇❈ ✭✚✤✮ ✭✗✛✮✗✚✔✕✢✚✗ ✕✱✲✱ ✕✳✴✵
❊❋●❍●■❏❑▲❋▼ ❹❺❻❼❽❾ ❿❺❾❼➀ ★ ➙➟➜✷ ✭✠ ✠✮✗✚✔✕✗ ✕✖✗
❊◆❲ ❳ ◆❋❖P❋◗❏■❘◗❋ ✩ ✦✗✟✗✡✕✗✘ ✞✚✗✔☛✗✚➠
❙❚❑❯❋◗■❍❚❑ ➁➂➃➄ ➃➅➆➇➂ ✏ ✸✠✣✕✔✡✕✠✚ ✭✚✤✮ ✪✗✟✔✰
➈➉➊ ✑
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ➋➃➂ ➌➃➅➍➎➏ ✒ ✺
✙✟✔✚✛ ✭✗✛✮✗✚✔✕✢✚✗ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✽✾✁✿✾☎❀✆❁ ☎✄✁❂❃✝❄
✓✙✭✸✹
✙✟✔✚✛ ✯✤✡☛✢✮ ✥✗✟✔✰ ✙✣✰ ✭✚✤✮
✪✫✬
✙✟✔✚✛ ✥✚✠✮✠✢✕ ✥✗✟✔✰ ✪✶✺✶✭ ✪
✭❉❈ ✙✟✔✚✛ ✭✗✛✮✗✚✔✕✢✚✗ ✕✱✲✱ ✕✳✴✵ ✸✠✛✛✔✣✘
✽✾✁✿✾☎❀✆❁ ☎✄✁❂❃✝❄
✪✭✥ ✻ ✭✚✤✮ ✯✼✯
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✓✶✥✷ ✙✟✔✚✛
✭✪↕✯ ✜✫✬✸✭↕☞✬✷ ✏
✑
✥✤✦✔✧✟✗✘✍✎ ✓✶✥✷ ✒
✯✤✡☛✢✮ ★ ✽✾✁✿✾☎❀✆❁ ☎✄✁❂❃✝❄
✭✚✤✮ ✩
★ ❛ ✙✣✰ ✙✟✔✚✛
✓✔✕✡✖✗✘ ✭✚✤✮ ✩ ❜ ✏
✏ ★ ❝ ✑
✸✠✣➣↔✢✚✔✧✟✗ ✑ ✩ ❛ ✒
✒ ❜ ✺
❝ ★
✩ ✓✙✭✸✹
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✪✶✺✶✭ ✪ ✙✟✔✚✛ ☞✢✕✮✢✕ ✪✗✟✔✰ ❅
✞✟✠✡☛ ✸✠✛✛✔✣✘ ✥✠ ✬✠✕ ☞✮✗✚✔✕✗❆ ☞✮✗✚✔✕✗
❊❞❱
☞✌✍✎ ❊ ❦ ❡❢❳❣❙
❷ ✽✾✁✿✾☎❀✆❁ ☎✄✁❂❃✝❄
❸
✪✭✥ ✻ ✙✟✔✚✛ ☞✯
✪✭✥ ✻ ✙✟✔✚✛ ✯✼✯
✏
✑ ❊❞❱
✒
❊ ❤ ▼✐❥❣❙
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✙✟✔✚✛ ✜✢✣✡✕✤✠✣
✥✤✦✔✧✟✗✘ ✽✾✁✿✾☎❀✆❁ ☎✄✁❂❃✝❄
✙✟✔✚✛ ★ ❩st✉✈✇①t②③④s⑤✇⑥s③⑦⑧✈①t ✪✭✥ ✻ ☞✮✗✣
✩
✓✔✕✡✖✗✘ ✙✟✔✚✛ ❪⑨①s⑩③④✇②✉⑩⑨❶ ❪⑧✈✉s⑧t✇s② ✪✭✥ ✻ ✺✖✠✚✕✗✘
◆❋❖P❋◗❏■❘◗❋ ❲❍●P❧❏❨♠
♥❙❋❧●❍❘●♦ ♣❏q◗❋❑q❋❍■r ❃❁✂➔❃✾ →❃✾➔✁
✪✭✥ ✻ ✭✗✛✮✗✚✔✕✢✚✗

➡➢➤➤➥➦➧➨➩➫➭➯

894467A1
Figure 201: RTD Protection logic diagram

Note:
RRTD Setpoints are not visible directly on 859 front panel or the online window of Enervista D&I Setup. Only RRTD Actual
Values can be displayed on 859 front panel or the online window of Enervista D&I Setup when connected to the 859 relay.

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

Note:
In order to configure RRTD device, users should extract 859 settings file from the 859 relay to the offline window using
Enervista D&I Setup software. RRTD settings will be visible in the offline CID setting file. After configuring RRTD settings in
the offline window, users should write the configured setting file to the relay, then 859 RRTD settings are configured once the
setting is uploaded to the relay.

Note:
When the CID file is written to the 859 at that time, the RRTD settings will be transferred to the RRTD unit (if the unit is
connected to the 859).

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10.14 RTD TROUBLE

When set to Alarm or Latched Alarm, this element monitors all the RTDs that are either programmed as Alarm or
Trip or Configurable and generates an alarm if any of the RTDs are detected as Open or Shorted. Upon detection of
an RTD Open or Shorted condition, the element also asserts the RTD Trouble PKP and RTD Trouble OP and
operates the assigned output relay. Both RTDs and RRTDs can be monitored using this element.
Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > RTD Trouble

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm
Default: Disabled

ALARM OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched
✑❇✦❈ ✘✙✒✚✛
✡☛☞✌✍✎✏☞ ❉
❊
❋
✘✙✒✚✛ ✜✢✣✔✓✤✥✣
✩
✦✤✧✒★✙✖✗ ✪

✩ ❉
✘✙✒✚✛ ❊
✪ ❋
✑✒✓✔✕✖✗ ✘✙✒✚✛ ■

✑✘✬●❍

✫✬✦ ❩ ✭✸✖✣ ✫❇■❇✬ ✫

❬ ❬
❬❬ ❬❬ ●✥✛✛✒✣✗
✫✬✦ ✺ ✭✸✖✣
✽✾✿
✫✬✦❩ ■✕✥✚✓✖✗ ✯✰☛✱✰✍✲✎✳ ✍✌☛✴✵✏✶✡
❬ ❬
❬❬ ❬❬
✫✬✦ ✬✚✥✢★✙✖ ✮✷✮
✫✬✦ ✺ ■✕✥✚✓✖✗ ✩
✪ ❀❁❂❃❄ ❅ ❆❃❄❂❃❄
✫✬✦ ✬✚✥✢★✙✖ ✭✮
❏❑▲▼ ◆❖P ◗❘❙❚ ❖❯▼❱❯❑❲❳❨❑❯
✫✫✬✦ ❩ ✭✸✖✣
❬ ❬ ✡☛☞✌✍✎✏☞
❬ ❬
❬ ❬
✫✫✬✦ ✺ ✭✸✖✣ ✘✙✒✚✛ ✭✢✓✸✢✓ ✫✖✙✒✹ ✺

✫✫✬✦ ❩ ■✕✥✚✓✖✗ ✦✥ ✻✥✓ ✭✸✖✚✒✓✖✼ ✭✸✖✚✒✓✖

❬ ❬
❬ ❬
❬ ❬
✫✫✬✦ ✺ ■✕✥✚✓✖✗ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✄✝✞✟✠

❏❑▲▼ ◆◆❖P ◗❘❙❚ ❖❯▼❱❯❑❲❳❨❑❯

Figure 202: RTD Trouble logic diagram

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

10.15 LOSS OF COMMUNICATIONS

This section covers the functionality of the Loss of Communications element.
The relay monitors activity on an interface via the configured protocol for this interface. The communications status
is set for each protocol.
If communication is lost, the enabled interface will issue a Loss of Comms event and operate a combination of
output relays/states.

Note:
The MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT specifies the minimum time without Modbus communication. This timeout is used to
declare the Modbus ‘Loss of Communication’ state. The MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT must be set to a value other than 0
for the Loss of Communication”monitoring to work properly.

Note:
MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT is set under: Setpoints > Device > Communications > Modbus Protocol

Path: Setpoints > Monitoring > Loss of Comms

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled

INTERFACE
Range: Serial, Serial + Ethernet, Ethernet, All
Default: Serial
Only the protocols associated with the selected interface are shown in this screen as options. For example, if
“Ethernet” is selected, select the Ethernet protocols to monitor. The Ethernet protocols selection is defined as
EthernetProtocolBitmask bitmasks.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0 to 600 s in steps of 1
Default: 2 s

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

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Chapter 10 - Monitoring

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

Logic diagram
❃❄❅❆ ✿✺❀❁

✰
✱ ✳✴✵✶✷✸✵ ✳✹✸✴✹✸ ✺✵✻✷✼✽✾✿✺❀❁❂
✲
✍✎✏✑✒✓✔✏

❊☞✌✘❋✪✗✌ ✚
✰
●✭✥★❍■✯❏ ✜ ✢ ✱
✲
❋❑✭▲ ❃❄❅ ❘❃❘✺❙ ❆
❇
▼■★❑✤ ❈

✖★✧✬◆✯❏ ▼■★❑✤
✰ ❈ ❉
✘✣✫✛✭♠✩❑★❍■✯ ✱
✲ ❩
❭❪❫❴❵

❚✵✸
❅❱❲❾❳✷❳✸

❯❱❲❲✷❳❨

✺❄❚❄✿

✍✎✏✑✒✓✔✏✍
✰
✕✖✗✘✙ ✚ ✱
✲ ☛☞✌ ✍✎✏✑✒✓✔✏✍

✗✛✛✜ ✢ ✗☞❋❖☞❋ ☛P✖▼◗✦

✘✣✤✤✥ ✦✧★✧✩✥
❖✪✘✙☞❖ ●P✖▼◗
✪✫★✬✧✭✮✯ ❝❞ ❡❞❢ ❣❤✐❥❦❢✐❧ ❣❤✐❥❦❢✐

⑤⑥⑦⑧⑥⑨⑩❶❷ ⑨❸⑦❹❺❻❼❽

✖✣✥✥ ✣✛ ✘✣✤✤✥ ✗❖
❃❄❅❆ ❁❀❯❛❜❁

♥♦♣q♦rst✉ r✈♣✇①②③④

✖✣✥✥ ✣✛ ✘✣✤✤✥ ❖✙❖

✁✂✄☎✆✝✄✞✟✠✡

Figure 203: Loss of Communications logic diagram

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CHAPTER 11

CONTROL
Chapter 11 - Control

11.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 491
Control Overview 492
Setpoint Group 493
Motor starting 495
Local Control Mode 521
Breaker Control 528
Contactor Control 531
Virtual Input Control 534
Trip Bus 535
Breaker Failure (50BF) 538
VT Fuse Failure (VTFF) 544
Digital Elements 546

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.2 CONTROL OVERVIEW

Setpoints Setpoint Group Start Supervision Single Shot Restart

Device Motor Starting Autorestart Thermal Inhibit
System Local Control Mode Undervoltage Restart Max Starting Rate
Inputs Breaker control Reduced Voltage Max Hot/Cold Starting
Starting Rate
Outputs Contactor Control
Time Between Starts
Protection Switch Control
Restart Delay
Monitoring Field Switching Dev
Control Backspin Detection
Control
Virtual Input Control
Flexlogic
Trip Bus
Testing
Breaker Failure BF Setup
Arc Flash BF Initiate
VT Fuse Failure 894526B1

Figure 204: Control Display Hierarchy

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.3 SETPOINT GROUP

The relay provides six setpoint groups. All setpoints contained under the protection setpoints are reproduced in six
groups, identified as Setpoint Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. These multiple setpoints provide the capability for both
automatic and manual switching to protection settings for different operating situations. Automatic (adaptive)
protection setpoint adjustment is available to change settings when the power system configuration is altered.
Automatic group selection can be initiated from the autoreclose, SETPOINT GROUPS and by use of a SET
GROUP x ACTIVE setpoint input. The group selection can be initiated by this input from any FlexLogic operands,
inputs, pushbuttons or communications.
Group 1 is the default for the Active Group and is used unless another group is requested to become active. The
active group can be selected with the ACTIVE SETPOINT GROUP setpoint, by SET ACTIVE x GROUP input or
inputs from autoreclose, SETPOINT GROUPS. If there is a conflict in the selection of the active group, between a
setpoint, inputs and inputs from functions, the higher numbered group is made active. For example, if the inputs for
Group 2, 4, and 6 are all asserted the relay uses Group 6. If the logic input for Group 6 then becomes de-asserted,
the relay uses Group 4. Some application conditions require that the relay does not change from the present active
group. This prevention of a setpoint group change can be applied by setting Change Inhibit inputs (1 to 16). If
needed, typically this change inhibit is done when any of the overcurrent (phase, neutral, ground, or negative
sequence), overvoltage, bus or line undervoltage, or underfrequency elements are picked-up.
Path: Setpoints > Control > Setpoint Groups

ACTIVE SETPOINT GROUP

Range: 1,2,3,4,5,6
Default: 1
The ACTIVE SETPOINT GROUP setting is used for manual selection of the Active Setpoint Group.

SET GROUP 2 (3,4,5,6) ACTIVE

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand that initiates change of the ACTIVE SETPOINT GROUP.

GROUP CHANGE INHIBIT 1 (UP TO 16)

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand that inhibits change of the active setpoint group.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

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Chapter 11 - Control

Logic diagram

✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦
✆ ✆ ✆ ✆ ✆ ✆ ♣
✥ ✥ ✥ ✥ ✥ ✥ ♦
✤ ✒ ✤ ✒ ✤ ✒ ✤ ✒ ✤ ✒ ✤ ✒
✂ ✖✩✓ ✂ ✖✩✓ ✂ ✖✩✓ ✂ ✖✩✓ ✂ ✖✩✓ ✂ ✖✩✓ ♠♥
✄ ✄ ✄ ✄ ✄ ✄ ❧
✣☎ ✧★ ✣☎ ✧★ ✣☎ ✧★ ✣☎ ✧★ ✣☎ ✧★ ✣☎ ✧★ ❦
❥
✢ ✶ ✢ ✷ ✢ ✸ ✢ ✹ ✢ ✺ ✢ ✻ ❥
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✐
✛✄
✜
✚
✕ ✛✄
✜
✚
✕ ✛✄
✜
✚
✕ ✛✄
✜
✚
✕ ✛✄
✜
✚
✕ ✛✄
✜
✚
✕ ❤
✙ ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙ ❣
✛❋ ✘✳ ✛❋ ✘✳ ✛❋ ✘✳ ✛❋ ✘✳ ✛❋ ✘✳ ✛❋ ✘✳ ❡
✑ ✑ ✑ ✑ ✑ ✑
❚
❊❍
❂
❃❚
❅
■ ■
❍ ❃
❂❊ ❑
❚ ❂
❇ ❄
❅ ❏
❚
❂
❄
❃
✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ❂
❚

✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭

✪✫❉

✪✫❉ ✬✭

✪✫❉ ✬✭
✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉ ✪✫❉

✪✫❉ ✬✭

✪✫❉ ✬✭

✪✫❉ ✬✭

✬✭

✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭ ✬✭

✬✭
✳✳✳

❛ ❜
❵ ✼ ✼ ❝
❴✼ ✼❫ ❫ ❫ ✼❫ ❞✼
❫ ❫
✁ ✶✓ ✷ ✸ ✶✻
☎✆ ✖ ✖✓ ✖✓ ✖✓
✄✂ ✖❁ ✖❁ ✖❁ ✖❁
☞✏ ✁ ❈✖✗ ❈
✖✗
❈
✖✗
❈
✖✗
✌✎ ✶ ✒✩ ✒✩ ✒✩ ✒✩ ✒✩ ❙ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒
✔ ✖✓ ✖✓ ✖✓ ✖✓ ✖✓ ✽❀ ❳❨ ❀✽✵ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
✁
✆☎
● ✚
✞✍ ✕
✁ ★
✆☎ ✧ ★✧ ★✧ ★✧ ★✧ ❳ ✿✾ ✧✗ ❖ ✗✧ ❖ ✗✧ ❖ ✧✗ ❖
✟ ✿✵✾ ✷ ✸ ✹ ✺ ✻ ❲✱ ✷ ✸ ✹ ✺ ✻ ✿✱ ❨ ✷ ✸
◆❱ ◆❱
✹ ✺
◆❱ ◆❱
✻
◆❱ ❈ ❖ ❈ ❖ ❈ ❖ ✳✳✳ ❈ ❖
✂✄✁ ✌☞ ✙✘ ✂✄ ✷ ✸ ✹ ✺ ✻ ✽✼ ❱◆P ❱◆P ❱◆P ❱◆P ❱◆P ✵✿ ❱◆P ❱◆P ❱◆P ❱◆P ❱◆P ✾ ★ ✕ ★ ✕ ★ ✕ ★ ✕
✞✡ ✓ ✁ ✚✔ ✔
✚
✔
✚
✔
✚
✔
✚ ✵✴ ❯ ❯ ❯ ❯ ❯ ❲✿ ❯ ❯ ❯ ❯ ❯ ❭✲✱ ✿✵ P❯ P❯ P❯ P❯ P❯
❙ ☛ ✖✗ ❙ ✕✙ ✕ ✕ ✕ ✕ ✲✱ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ✵✾ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ❬ ❪ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘ ▼✘❘
✡✠ ✕✔ ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙ ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ❬✵ ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P ◗P
✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✰
✟✞ ✓ ✓ ❖ ✓ ❖ ✓ ❖ ✓ ❖ ✓ ❖ ✮✯❢ ◆▼ ◆▼ ◆▼ ◆▼ ◆▼ ✯✰❢✮ ◆▼ ◆▼ ◆▼ ◆▼ ◆▼ ❩ ✼ ▼◆▲ ▼◆▲ ▼◆▲ ▼◆▲ ▼◆▲
✝❆ ✒✑ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒
✑ ✕ ✑ ✕ ✑ ✕ ✑ ✕ ✑ ✕
✒ ▲ ▲
✑ ✑
▲ ▲
✑ ✑
▲
✑
▲ ▲
✑ ✑
▲ ▲
✑ ✑
▲
✑ ✑ ✑ ✑ ✑ ✑

Figure 205: Setpoint Groups logic diagram

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.4 MOTOR STARTING

11.4.1 START SUPERVISION

Start Supervision consists of five elements that guard against excessive starting duty. All Start Supervision
elements operate the FlexLogic operand Start Inhibit. In addition to Start Supervision elements, the Start Inhibit
operand also operates when the Phase Reversal element or Any Trip operates, as shown in the below figure. If the
condition that has caused the trip is still present (e.g. hot RTD), the Start Inhibit operand will not reset until the
condition is no longer present or the lockout time has expired. The Auxiliary Output Relay, energized by the Start
Inhibit operand, changes state only when the motor is stopped to accommodate control circuits that must be
continuously energized, such as a contactor.

✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟ ✠✡✂☛☞✌✍✘
✙✕✚✒✛✑✜ ✓✔✕✖✗✖✏ ✢✣
✦✑✧ ✎✏✑✒✏ ★✑✏✚ ✢✣
✦✑✧✱✲✜✳ ✎✏✑✒✏ ✢✣
✤ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟ ✠✡✂☛☞✌✍
✦✑✧✴✲✏ ✎✏✑✒✏ ✢✣ ✥ ✎✏✑✒✏ ✓✔✕✖✗✖✏
✙✖✛✚ ✩✏✪✔ ✎✏✑✒✏ ✢✣
★✚✫✏✑✒✏ ✬✚✜✑✭ ✢✣
✣✕✑✫✚ ★✚✮ ✓✔✕✖✗✖✏
✯✔✭ ✙✒✖✰ ✵✶✷✷✸✹✺✸✻✼✽✾
Figure 206: Start Inhibit FlexLogic operand

The five elements of Start Supervision are: Thermal Start Inhibit, Maximum Starting Rate, Maximum Cold/Hot
Starting Rate, Time Between Starts, and Restart Delay.

11.4.1.1 SINGLE SHOT RESTART

Enabling this feature will allow the motor to be restarted immediately after an overload trip has occurred. To
accomplish this, a reset will cause the relay to decrease the accumulated thermal capacity to zero. However, if a
second overload trip occurs within one hour of the first, another immediate restart will not be permitted. The
displayed lockout time must then be allowed to expire before the motor can be started. Furthermore, only one
Autorestart is attempted after an Overload trip, provided that Single Shot Restart is enabled, which allows a single
restart attempt. The thermal capacity is cleared to prevent another overload trip during this start and if the 859 trips
for a second time on Overload, the auto-restarting is aborted. Any normal manual starting will probably be inhibited
(lockout time), allowing the motor to cool (thermal capacity to decay) before permitting another start.

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
The element works as described at the beginning of this chapter if the FUNCTION is set to Enabled.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched

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Chapter 11 - Control

Default: Latched

Logic diagram

✌✂✣✟☎✝☛✣ ✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞✌

✛✜✏✢✖✎✕✏ ✍✎✏✑✒✓ ✍✔✕✖ ✗✓✘✖✙✚✖
✤✏✙✥✒✓✦ ✧ ★ ★ ✢✹✢✒✓
✳✜✒✘✓ ✺✎✦✖✔

✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞✌
✯✔✓✚✰✙✒ ✮✳
✴✵ ★ ✢✹✢✒✓
✶
✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞ ☎✟✂✠✡☛☞✌ ✷✸✰✎✏
✡✞✣✫✡✁ ✬✡✁✫✂✌
✩✕✖✕✚ ✍✖✕✪✪✓✦ ✱✲
✍✎✑ ✍✔✕✖ ✗✓✘✖✙✚✖ ✭✮ ✯✎✰✓
✩✕✖✕✚ ✯✚✎✪✪✓✦

✻✼✽✽✷✼✾★✿✢✦✚
Figure 207: Single Shot Restart logic diagram

11.4.1.2 THERMAL INHIBIT

This function is provided to inhibit the starting of a motor if there is insufficient thermal capacity available for a
successful start. Starts are inhibited when the thermal capacity is too large.
TCADJ (adjusted thermal capacity) is the thermal capacity required for a successful start. The relay obtains the
value for adjusted thermal capacity by:
● Automatically learning
● Manually configuring the setpoint TC REQUIRED TO START.
This function uses the following formula to automatically determine thermal capacity required for a successful start
(TADJ) from learned thermal capacity used at the start (TCL) increased by the margin (TC USED MARGIN).

TCADJ = TCL + (1 + TC used margin / 100%)

Example:
If the thermal capacity used for the last five starts is 24, 23, 27, 26 and 20% respectively, the learned starting
capacity used at start is the maximum which is 27%.
If the set margin is 25%, the adjusted thermal capacity learned value (TCADJ) is calculated as 27% x (1+25%/100%)
= 33.75%.
A start inhibit is issued until the motor current TCU decays to 100% - 33.75 = 66.25%.
The learned thermal capacity used at start (TCL) is calculated even if the Thermal Start Inhibit element is disabled.
The learned thermal capacity used at start (TCL) is stored in a non-volatile memory and it is available after the
power is removed from the device. Once the TCL is calculated, it will take N successful starts before the calculation
is repeated. N is set in Setpoints > System > Motor > Number of starts to learn.
A successful motor start is one in which the motor reaches the Running state or SM Field Applied (in synchronous
motor application).

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Chapter 11 - Control

Under the following conditions, this function uses the manually programmed TC REQUIRED TO START value
instead of the learned thermal capacity used at start (TCL) to determine the thermal capacity required for a
successful start (TCADJ)
● If N number of starts history is not available
● If the Clear Motor Learned Data command (in Records > Clear Records) is executed,
● If the setpoint BYPASS LEARNED START TCU is set to Yes
● If the thermal Inhibit function is disabled and the Thermal Model trips the motor at 100% thermal capacity.
Under any of these conditions, the thermal capacity required for a successful start (TCADJ) is the manually
configured value TC REQUIRED TO START: TCADJ = TC Required to Start
The Thermal Lockout Time calculation is based on the values of TCU, TCADJ and the Cool Time Constant Stopped
(CTCS). The latter is set in Setpoints > Protection > Group 1 > Motor > Thermal Model.
If, for the example above, the Cool Time Constant Stopped = 30 Minutes and the motor TCU = 90%, the lockout
time is:
✁✂✄☎✆ ✝ ✁✂✄☎✆✞✄✟✠✡✟ ☛ ☞ ✍✟✌ ✦ ✎✎✏ ✝ ✑✒✏ ☛ ☞ ✓✔✍✟

✦ ✕ ✝ ✖✗✒ ☛ ✘✙ ✚ ✎✎✏
✑✒✏ ✧ ✝ ✑✛✗ ✜✢✙✣✕✤✥
If the start history is not available or setpoint BYPASS LEARNED START TCU is set to Yes, then the inhibit time is
calculated using setpoint TC REQUIRED TO START (assuming 85%) as:

✟☎☎✠ ✂ ✡☛ ☞✌✍✞ ✎✏✑ ✒☛✓✔✍✒☛✕ ✌ ✡ ✖✒ ✗

✁ ✂✄☎ ✆ ✝✞ ✚ ✙
✘☎✠

✟☎☎✠ ✂ ✛✜✠
✁ ✂✄☎ ✆ ✝✞ ✚ ✙ ✁ ✜✄✢✣ ✤✍✞✔ ☛✡
✘☎✠

The relay constantly displays the Thermal Lockout Time in the Status > Motor menu even if the motor is neither
stopped nor tripped.
If the Emergency Restart input is asserted during a Thermal Start lockout, the TCU is set to zero and the Thermal
Trip OP is reset. This causes resetting of Thermal Lockout Time to zero and dropout of the Start Inhibit and Thermal
Inhibit OP operands and allows a new start.
In the event of a real emergency, the Emergency Restart input operand must remain asserted at logic 1 until the
emergency is over. The Thermal Inhibit OP and Start Inhibit operands will remain reset until the Emergency Restart
Input operand is de-asserted. However, calculation of the Thermal Lockout Time continues after resetting to zero,
regardless of the duration of the Emergency Restart input.
Path: Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Start Supervision > Thermal Inhibit

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
If the Function is set to Disabled, the element is not functional unless the motor thermal capacity has reached
100% and the thermal model trip function is enabled. In that case, the Thermal Start Inhibit operand operates
and the lockout time is approximately 190% of the Cool Time Constant Stopped. After the lockout time expires,
the TCU will decay by the level defined by setpoint TC REQUIRED TO START and a new start will be allowed.

TC USED MARGIN
Range: 0 to 25% in steps of 1%
Default: 25%

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Chapter 11 - Control

Setpoint values in the range of 0 to 25% specify the margin to be included in the calculation of the adjusted
Thermal Capacity Used at start value. This setpoint is only applicable when learned start TCU is not bypassed
(i.e. BYPASS LEARNED START TCU = No) and N number of starts history is available.

BYPASS LEARNED START TCU

Range: No, Yes
Default: No
This setpoint provides flexibility to bypass the Learned Start TCU (TCL) value to determine the thermal capacity
required to successfully start the motor. When this setpoint is set to No, the thermal inhibit function determines
the thermal capacity required to successfully start the motor using Learned Start TCU. When set to Yes, the
thermal capacity required to successfully start the motor is determined by the value configured under setpoint TC
REQUIRED TO START.

TC REQUIRED TO START
Range: 0 to 85% in steps of 1%
Default: 85%
This value specifies the thermal capacity required to successfully start the motor. The thermal inhibit function
uses this value instead of the learned thermal capacity used at start (TCL) when:
N number
○ of start history is not available
Setpoint
○ BYPASS LEARNED START TCU is set to Yes
The○Thermal Inhibit function is disabled
The○Thermal Model trips the motor at 100% thermal capacity

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✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✜ ☎✢✖✣✤✥✦✧
✌❃✭❃✎ ❈✭❃❉❉☛☞ ♠
♥
✌❃✭❃✎ ✞✎✑❉❉☛☞

⑧⑨⑩❶ ❷❸❹⑨❶❺❻ ❼⑩❽❹❻

✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✞✎✑❉ ❇❆✒❄✭✑❃✒
⑦✑✡✍✬✪☛☞ ✼ ✵
❊❋ ■❏❑▲▼◆❖P◆ ◗❘❙❚❯❚◆
● ✈✇① ♠
✞✟✠ ✼ ✵✶✶✷ ③④①⑤⑥ ♥ ✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✜ ☎✢✖✣✤✥✦✧
❊❋
● ②✇✈✇① ❈✭✍✎✭ ✫✒★✑✬✑✭
❊❋
● ✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✜ ☎✢✖✣✤✥✦✧
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ♠ ❊❋
♥
❇❆✒❄✭✑❃✒ ● ✞★☛✎✩✍✪ ✫✒★✑✬✑✭ ✮✯
✉✒✍✬✪☛☞ ✼ ✵
♦❝♣❈✭✍✎✭ ★✑✡✭❃✎❤ ✒❃✭ ✍✐✍✑✪q ✼ ✵ ❊❋
● rst
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✞✟✹✺✻ ✔✕✖✗✘✙✚✛✜ ☎✢✖✣✤✥✦✧
❾❤❉✍✡✡ ❂☛✍✎✒☛☞ ❈✭✍✎✭ ✞✟✠ ✞✟✠ ✴ ✵✶✶✷✸ ✞✟✹✺✻ ✞★☛✎✩✍✪ ✫✒★✑✬✑✭ ✯❍✯
✞✟✠
❝❃✼✵
✰✱✂✲✰✘ ✳✰✘✲✁
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✟✞✟❈ ❁ ✪✒✾ ✞✟✠✿✾✵✶✶✷✸✞✟✹✺✻❀❀ ✞★☛✎✩✍✪ ❂❃❄❅❃❆✭ ✞✑✩☛
✞✟ ✠✡☛☞ ✌✍✎✏✑✒
❂☛✍✎✒☛☞ ✞✟✠ ✾✞✟✓❀
✞✟✓ ✶
✞✟✹✺✻ ✼✞✟✓ ✽ ✾ ✞✟ ✠✡☛☞ ✞✟✹✺✻
✌✍✎✏✑✒✿✵✶✶✷❀ ❁ ✞✟✓
➂➃➄✶➂➄➅❡q❄☞✎
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ✵
✞✟ ❿☛➀❆✑✎☛☞ ✭❃ ❈✭✍✎✭
✞✟✹✺✻
✞✟✹✺✻ ✼ ✡☛✭❉❃✑✒✭
✞✟✠ ➁ ✾✵✶✶ ✸✡☛✭❉❃✑✒✭❀

✰✱✂✲✰✘ ✳✰✘✲✁
✞★☛✎✩✍✪ ✟✍❉✍❄✑✭❤ ✠✡☛☞

❱❲❳❨❩❬❭❳❪❫❱❴❪❳❲❵❫❛❩❳❩❜
❝❆✩✬☛✎ ❃❞ ✡✭✍✎✭✡ ✭❃ ✪☛✍✎✒ ✾❝❀
✾ ✵ ✭❃❡❀ ☞☛❞✍❆✪✭❢❣
✱✤✕✜❥✕✤❦✖ ✘✖✤✣✥✖✦ ✂✱✲ ❧✞✟ ✓ ❀
✞✟✓
✌✍❁✑✩❆✩ ❃❞ ❝ ✐✍✪❆☛✡
❈✭❃✎☛☞ ✑✒ ✒❃✒ ✸ ✐❃✪✍✭✑✪☛ ✩☛✩❃✎❤

Figure 208: Thermal Start Inhibit logic diagram

11.4.1.3 MAXIMUM STARTING RATE

Note:
We recommend using the Maximum Cold/Hot Starting Rate element instead of the Maximum Starting Rate element when the
allowable number of Cold and Hot starts is known.

The Maximum Starting Rate element defines the number of start attempts allowed in a programmable time
interval. After every new start, the number of starts within the past time Interval is compared to the number of starts
allowed. When the maximum number of actual starts within the past Interval is reached, the FlexLogic operand Max
Start Rate PKP is asserted. Once the motor stops, the comparison is performed again and if the two numbers are
the same, the Start Inhibit operand is activated to block the motor start. If a block occurs, the lockout time is equal to
the time elapsed since the ‘oldest start’ within the past Interval that occurred, subtracted from the time of the
Interval. For more details, please refer to the figure: Maximum Starting Rate logic diagram. Even unsuccessful start
attempts are logged as starts for this feature.
Example: If Max Number of Starts is set to 2 and the Time Interval is set to 60 minutes:
● One start occurs at T = 0 minutes
● A second start occurs at T = 17 minutes
● The motor is stopped at T = 33 minutes
● A block occurs.
● The lockout time is 60 minutes – 33 minutes = 27 minutes.
If the Emergency Restart input is asserted while the motor is stopped or tripped during a Maximum Starting Rate
lockout, the information about the oldest start inside the selected time Interval is erased. This causes a dropout of

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Chapter 11 - Control

the Start Inhibit and allows a new start. If the motor starts while the Emergency Restart input is asserted, the new
start is still recorded. It is important that the Emergency Restart is removed either shortly before or shortly after the
motor is started.

Note:
Consecutive assertion of multiple Emergency Restart inputs erases the equivalent number of the oldest motor starts. For
example: when an Emergency Restart input is asserted twice consecutively, the two oldest starts will be erased and therefore
allow two motor starts.

Note:
The information about motor starts and stops within the past Interval is stored in non-volatile memory and remains in the
memory after the power is removed. When the power is restored, the Maximum Starting Rate element continues working
normally using the information collected before the power loss if the real time clock worked properly during the power loss.
However, when the relay power is restored, if the clock is not working properly or defaulted to the factory setting, LO time will
remain unchanged and prevent the motor from starting until LO time becomes zero or the Emergency Restart is asserted.

Path: Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Start Supervision > Maximum Starting Rate

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

INTERVAL
Default: 60 min
Range: 1 to 300 min in steps of 1min
This setting specifies time interval for monitoring the maximum allowable rate of starting. Set it to 60 minutes for
the classical starts-per-hour functionality.

MAX NUMBER OF STARTS

Range: 1 to 16 in steps of 1
Default: 3
The setting specifies the maximum allowable number of starts that can occur within the specified time Interval.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

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Chapter 11 - Control

✛✏✰✖✒✔✙✰
✛✏✰✖✒✔✙✰
✷✬✥✧✦✸✢✳ ④⑤❣⑥ ⑦❥rs❥
✪✫✬✭✥✮✯✬
⑧❧♥❦⑨❦❥
✱✬✢✲✳✧✴ ✵ ✶ ✜✢✣ ✌✫✻✲✧✦ ✯✼ ✤✥✢✦✥✽

☛☞✌ ❚❍●▼●❊❋
❩❘❩●❊❋ ✍✎✏✑✎✒✓✔✕ ✒✖✏✗✘✙✚✛
❉❊❋●❍■❏❑ ▲▼❑◆❖◆❊P ◗◆❊❖❘◗❙
❣❤✐❤❥❦❧♠ ❥♥❤ ✜✢✣ ✤✥✢✦✥ ☛✢✥✧ ★✩★
✍✎✏✑✎✒✓✔✕ ✒✖✏✗✘✙✚
♦✐♣❤q❥ q❥rs❥ ✈❱✇❅❇❈ ❄❅❆❅❇❈
✛✰✘✰❜✛ ✿ ✿
❁ ❃ ❁ ❃
t♦✉❧❥ ❀ ❂ ❀ ❂ ✍✎✏✑✎✒✓✔✕ ✒✖✏✗✘✙✚✛
✱✻✧✦✹✧✬✭❢ ☛✧✽✥✢✦✥ ✿ ✿ ✿ ✿
✾ ✾ ✾ ✾
✜✢✣ ✤✥✢✦✥ ☛✢✥✧ ❛★

❱❘❲❳❘❨❋ ❋◆❩● ❬❘❍

✍✎✏✑✎✒✓✔✕ ✒✖✏✗✘✙✚✛ ❭❏❪ ❫ ❘❬ ▼❋❏❍❋▼ ❴❵ ✍✎✏✑✎✒✓✔✕ ✒✖✏✗✘✙✚✛
①
❚❯❚ ✈❚ ②
③ ✤✥✢✦✥ ✷✬❹✮✲✮✥
✜✯✥✯✦ ✤✥✢✦✥✮✬✹
❈◆❩● ●❑❏⑩▼●❖ ▼◆❊❲●
✜✯✥✯✦ ✤✥✯✺✺✧✴ ❷
❸ ❋❶● ❘❑❖●▼❋ ▼❋❏❍❋
✜✯✥✯✦ ❡✦✮✺✺✧✴

✘✕✰❜✘✎ ❝✘✎❜✏✛

✜✢✣ ✤✥✢✦✥ ☛✢✥✧ ❞❛ ❡✮✻✧

✁✂✄ ☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 209: Maximum Starting Rate logic diagram

11.4.1.4 MAXIMUM HOT/COLD STARTING RATE

Note:
We recommend using the Maximum Starting Rate element instead of the Maximum Cold/Hot Starting Rate element when
the allowable number of Cold and Hot starts is not known.

This element defines the number of cold and hot start attempts allowed in a certain time interval. On each start, the
TCU level defined by the setpoint Cold/Hot TCU Level is used by this element to determine the start type: Hot or
Cold.
The new start is declared as:
● A Hot Start if the actual TCU% is greater than or equal to the setpoint Cold/Hot TCU Level
● A Cold Start if the actual TCU% is less than the setpoint Cold/Hot TCU Level
At each new start, the number of starts (hot or cold) within the past time interval is compared with the number of
allowed starts (hot or cold).
When the maximum number of actual starts (hot or cold) within the past interval is reached, the FlexLogic operand
Max Hot Start PKP or Max Cold Start PKP is asserted.
Once the motor stops, the comparison is performed again. If the maximum number has been reached, the Start
Inhibit operand is activated to block the motor start. If a block occurs, the lockout time is equal to the time elapsed
since the 'oldest start' within the past interval that occurred, subtracted from the time of the interval. For more
details, please refer to the figure: Maximum Cold/Hot Starting Rate logic diagram. Note that unsuccessful start
attempts are logged as starts for this feature.
Application Example 1 is illustrated by the the following figure:
● Setpoint Max Number of Cold Starts = 2
● Setpoint Max Number of Hot Starts =2
● Setpoint Interval = 60 mins
● Setpoint Cold/Hot TCU Level = 25%

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Chapter 11 - Control

Figure 210: Application Example 1

When the motor starts at time T = 0 minutes, and the TCU level lies below the set Cold/Hot TCU Level, the
element declares the first start as a Cold Start and increments the cold start counter to 1.
The second start occurs at time T = 25 minutes, and the TCU level lies below the set Cold/Hot TCU Level.
Therefore the element declares the second start as a cold start and increments cold start counter to 2.
After the second start, the element compares the number of cold starts and hot starts within past interval window
with the set value of Max Number of Cold Starts and Max Number of Hot Starts, respectively. The element
asserts the Max Cold Start PKP operand because the number of cold starts has reached the allowed number of
cold starts attempts within past interval.
When the motor stops at T = 50 minutes, the FlexLogic operands Max Cold Start OP and Start Inhibit are asserted.
The motor remains inhibited from starting for 10mins (60 minutes - 50 minutes). Because the number of hot starts
counter equals zero within the past time interval window, the FlexLogic operand Max Hot Start PKP/OP remains at
zero.
Application Example 2 is illustrated by the followijng figure:
● Setpoint Max Number of Cold Starts = 2
● Setpoint Max Number of Hot Starts =2
● Setpoint Interval = 60 mins
● Setpoint Cold/Hot TCU Level = 25%

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Chapter 11 - Control

Figure 211: Application Example 2

When the motor starts at time T = 0 minutes, the TCU level lies below the set Cold/Hot TCU Level. Therefore the
element declares the first start as a cold start and increments the cold start counter to 1.
The second start occurs at time T = 25 minutes, and the TCU level lies above the set Cold/Hot TCU Level. The
element declares the second start a hot start and increments the hot start counter to 1.
After the second start, the element compares the number of cold starts and hot starts within past interval window
with the corresponding set value of Max Number of Cold Starts and Max Number of Hot Starts, respectively.
Within the past interval window, the number of cold starts remains below the allowed cold starts, so the FlexLogic
operand Max Cld Srt Rate PKP remains zero. Similarly, within the past interval window, the number of hot starts
remains below the allowed hot starts, so the FlexLogic operand Max Hot Start PKP remains zero.
The third start occurs at T = 50 minutes, and the TCU level lies above the set Cold/Hot TCU Level, so the element
declares a third start a hot start and increments the hot start counter to 2.
After the third start, the element compares the number of cold starts and hot starts within past interval window with
the corresponding set value of Max Number of Cold Starts and Max Number of Hot Starts, respectively. Within
the past interval window, the number of cold starts remains below the allowed cold starts, so the FlexLogic operand
Max Cold Start PKP remains zero. However, the number of hot starts has reached the allowed number of hot starts
within the past interval window, therefore the FlexLogic operand Max Hot Start PKP is asserted.
When the motor stops at T = 75 minutes, Max Hot Start OP is asserted and blocks the motor from starting for the
next 10 minutes (60 minutes - 50 minutes).
Because the cold start counter equals 1 within the past time interval window, Max Cold Start PKP/OP remains de-
asserted.
If the Emergency Restart input is asserted while the motor is stopped or tripped during a Max C/H Start Rate LO
Time, the information about the oldest start inside the selected time interval is erased. This causes a dropout of the
Start Inhibit operand and allows a new start. If the motor starts while the Emergency Restart input is asserted, the
new start is still recorded. It is important that the Emergency Restart is removed either shortly before or shortly after
the motor is started.

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Chapter 11 - Control

Note:
Consecutive assertion of multiple Emergency Restart inputs erases the equivalent number of the oldest motor starts. For
example: when an Emergency Restart input is asserted twice consecutively, the two oldest starts will be erased and therefore
allow two motor starts.

Note:
The information about motor hot and cold starts and stops within the past interval is stored in non-volatile memory and
remains in the memory after the power is removed. When the power is restored, the Maximum Hot/Cold Starting Rate
element continues working normally using the information collected before the power loss. However, if the relay power is
restored and the clock is not working properly or has defaulted to the factory setting, LO time will remain unchanged and
prevent the motor from starting until LO time becomes zero or the Emergency Restart operand is asserted.

Path: Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Start Supervision > Maximum Cold/Hot Starting Rate

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

INTERVAL
Default: 60 min
Range: 1 to 300 min in steps of 1min
This setting specifies time interval for monitoring the maximum allowable rate of starting. Set it to 60 minutes for
the classical starts-per-hour functionality.

MAX NUMBER OF COLD STARTS

Range: 1 to 16 in steps of 1
Default: 3
The setting specifies the maximum allowable number of cold starts that can occur within the specified time
Interval.

MAX NUMBER OF HOT STARTS

Range: 1 to 16 in steps of 1
Default: 2
The setting specifies the maximum allowable number of hot starts that can occur within the specified time
Interval.

COLD/HOT TCU LEVEL

Range: 0 to 50% in steps of 1
Default: 30%
The TCU level defined by this setpoint is used by the Maximum Starting Rate function to determine the next
start type. The new start is declared as:
Hot○Start if the actual TCU% is greater than this setpoint
Cold
○ Start if the actual TCU% is less than this setpoint.

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Chapter 11 - Control

Once this start inhibit function declares the start type, it will take the corresponding configurable number of starts
(Max Number of Cold Starts or Max Number of Hot Starts) in order to compare with the actual number of starts
within the past time interval.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

✍✄❙✠✆✞☞❙
■✜✖✥✗✦✎✓
✑✒✓✔❨❩✒✖ ❭✑ ❬✥✦✥✓ qr❫t ✉❛❤✐❛
✍✄❙✠✆✞☞❙
▼✎✏ ✁✛✩✤✥✗ ✒✪ ❩✒✖ ✕✖✎✗✖✫ ✈❝❡❜✇❜❛
✚✛✜✢✖✣✒✜
❊✜✎✤✓✥✔ ❂ ✶ ▼✎✏ ✁✛✩✤✥✗ ✒✪ ✑✒✓✔ ✕✖✎✗✖✫
❘ ✁ ❃✷✵s✵✳✴
❉❀❉✵✳✴ ❋✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟ ✆✠✄✡☛☞✌✍
✲✳✴✵✷✸✹✺ ✻s✺✼✽✼✳✾ ✿✼✳✽❀✿❁ ▼✎✏ ✑✒✓✔ ✕✖✎✗✖ ✘✙✘
❋✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟ ✆✠✄✡☛☞✌ ❫❴❵❴❛❜❝❞ ❛❡❴
✍❙☛❙❲✍ ♦❵❢❴❣❛ ❣❛❤✐❛ ❧▲♠✮✰✱
❚✭ ◆✮✯✮✰✱
❚✭ ▼✎✏ ❩✒✖ ✕✖✎✗✖ ✘✙✘
❥♦❦❝❛ P P❖
❊✩✥✗✧✥✜✢❪ ❘✥✫✖✎✗✖ ❚❆✬ ❖❚
✬ ❚❆✬ ❚✬
♥♣ ❋✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟ ✆✠✄✡☛☞✌✍
✕✖✎✗✖ ■✜③✣✤✣✖
▲❀❅❇❀❈✴ ✴✼❉✵ ●❀✷ ④⑤
❋✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟ ✆✠✄✡☛☞✌✍ ❍✹❏ ❑ ❀● s✴✹✷✴s ◗❯ ⑥
❃❄❃ ❧❃ ❋✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟ ✆✠✄✡☛☞✌✍
▼✒✖✒✗ ✕✖✎✗✖✣✜✧ ▼✎✏ ✑✒✓✔ ✕✖✎✗✖ ❱✘
▼✒✖✒✗ ✕✖✒★★✥✔ ♥♣ ✱✼❉✵ ✵✺✹①s✵✽ s✼✳❅✵ ④⑤
✴②✵ ❀✺✽✵s✴ s✴✹✷✴ ⑥ ▼✎✏ ❩✒✖ ✕✖✎✗✖ ❱✘
▼✒✖✒✗ ❭✗✣★★✥✔
☛✟❙❲☛✂ ❳☛✂❲✄✍
▼✎✏ ✑❨❩ ✕✖✎✗✖ ❘✎✖✥ ❬❱ ❭✣✩✥
⑦⑧⑨⑩❶❷❸❶❹❺❻❼
Figure 212: Maximum Hot/Cold Starting Rate logic diagram

11.4.1.5 TIME BETWEEN STARTS

The Time Between Starts function enforces a minimum time duration between two successive start attempts. A
time delay is initiated with every start attempt, and a new start is not allowed until the specified interval has lapsed.
The timer feature is useful in enforcing the duty limits of starting resistors or starting autotransformers.
At the detection of the motor start, the Time Between Starts timer is loaded with the set Minimum Time. Even
unsuccessful start attempts are logged as starts for this feature. Once the motor is stopped, if the time elapsed
since the most recent start is less than the Minimum Time setting, the Start Inhibit operand is activated to block the
motor start. If a block occurs, the lockout time is equal to the time elapsed since the most recent start subtracted
from the Minimum Time setting.
Example: If Minimum Time is set to 25 min.
● A start occurs at T = 0 minutes
● The motor is stopped at T = 12 minutes
● A block occurs. The lockout time is 25 minutes – 12 minutes = 13 minutes
If the Emergency Restart input is asserted while the motor is stopped or tripped during a Time Between Starts
lockout, the Time Between Starts timer is reset. This causes a dropout of the Start Inhibit operand and allows a

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Chapter 11 - Control

new start. If the motor starts while the Emergency Restart input is asserted, the lockout timer does not remain reset
and starts running from the rising edge of the Motor Starting state. However, Start Inhibit and Time Btwn Start OP
will remain reset until Emergency Restart Input is de-asserted.
The status of the Time Between Starts element (including the time) is stored in non-volatile memory and remains
in the memory after the power is removed. When the power is restored, the Time Between Starts element
continues working normally using the information collected before the power loss. However, if the relay power is
restored and the clock is not working properly or has defaulted to the factory setting, the LO time will remain
unchanged and prevent the motor from starting until it reaches zero, or the Emergency Restart is asserted.
Path: Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Start Supervision > Time Between Starts
Function
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
Minimum Time
Range: 1 to 600 min in steps of 1 min
Default: 10 min
Sets time amount of time following a start before a start control is permitted to prevent restart attempts in quick
succession (jogging).
Events
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
Targets
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

✘✌✯✓✎✑✖✯
✼✰❋● ✦✣✧★✣
✫✬✥✭✣✚✮✥ ✘✌✯✓✎✑✖✯ ❍✥■✚✱✚✣

✰✥✧✱✲✜✳ ✴ ✵ ✶✚✥✚✛✬✛ ✙✚✛✜

❇
❈
❉ ☛☞✌✍☞✎✏✑✒ ✎✓✌✔✕✖✗✘
❊
✙✚✛✜ ✢✣✤✥ ✦✣✧★ ✩✪✩
☛☞✌✍☞✎✏✑✒ ✎✓✌✔✕✖✗✘
✙✛✚✥
✶✮✣✮★ ✦✣✧★✣✚✥✷ ☛☞✌✍☞✎✏✑✒ ✎✓✌✔✕✖✗✘

❑ ✙✚✛✜ ✢✣✤✥ ✦✣✧★✣ ✸✩

✶✮✣✮★ ✦✣✮❏❏✜✳
▲
❃ ❆
✶✮✣✮★ ✙★✚❏❏✜✳ ❂ ❂
❅
❀❁ ❂
✿ ❄ ❇ ☛☞✌✍☞✎✏✑✒ ✎✓✌✔✕✖✗✘
❈
❉
✦✣✧★✣ ❍✥■✚✱✚✣

☛☞✌✍☞✎✏✑✒ ✎✓✌✔✕✖✗
✕✒✯✹✕☞ ✺✕☞✹✌✘
✘✯✕✯✹✘

✰✛✜★✷✜✥✭✽ ✾✜✻✣✧★✣ ✙✚✛✜ ✢✣✤✥ ✦✣✧★✣✻ ✼✸ ✙✚✛✜

✁✂✄ ☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 213: Time Between Starts logic diagram

11.4.1.6 RESTART DELAY

The Restart Delay feature is used to ensure that a certain amount of time passes between the time a motor is
stopped and the restarting of that motor. This timer feature can be very useful for some process applications or

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Chapter 11 - Control

motor considerations. If a motor is on a down-hole pump, after the motor stops, the liquid can fall back down the
pipe and spin the rotor backwards. It is very undesirable to start the motor at this time.
The Restart Delay inhibit lockout will remain active (it may be used as a backspin timer) when the Emergency
Restart input is asserted.
The status of the Restart Delay element (including the time) is stored in non-volatile memory and remains in the
memory after the power is removed. When the power is restored, the Restart Delay element continues working
normally using the information collected before the power loss.
Path: Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Start Supervision > Restart Delay

FUNCTION
Default: Disabled
Range: Disabled, Enabled

MINIMUM TIME
Range: 0 to 65000 s in steps of 1s
Default: 0 s
Sets the amount of time following stop before a start control is permitted.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

✖☛❙✑✌✎✔❙
❁❊✜❅ ❇✙✚✛✙
✦✧★✩✙✪✫★ ✖☛❙✑✌✎✔❙ ■★❈✪✬✪✙

❊★✚✬✢✗✭ ❂ ✶ ▼✪★✪✾✧✾ ❚✪✾✗

❃
◆
❉ ❋✡☛☞✡✌✍✎✏ ✌✑☛✒✓✔✕✖
❄
❘✗✘✙✚✛✙ ✜✗✢✚✣ ✤✥✤

❚✾✪★
✮✯✰✱✯✲✳✴✵ ✲✷✰✸✹✺✻✼ ❋✡☛☞✡✌✍✎✏ ✌✑☛✒✓✔✕✖

▼✫✙✫✛ ❇✙✫●●✗✭ ❖ ❘✗✘✙✚✛✙ ✜✗✢✚✣ ✿✤

❍
▼✫✙✫✛ ❚✛✪●●✗✭

❃ ❋✡☛☞✡✌✍✎✏ ✌✑☛✒✓✔✕✖
◆
❉ ❇✙✚✛✙ ■★❈✪✬✪✙

✓✏❙❆✓✡ ❀✓✡❆☛✖

❘✗✘✙✚✛✙ ✜✗✢✚✣ ❁✿ ❚✪✾✗

✽ ✁✂✽✄☎✆✝✞✟✠

Figure 214: Restart Delay logic diagram

11.4.1.7 BACKSPIN DETECTION

Immediately after the motor is stopped, backspin detection commences, and a backspin start inhibit is activated to
prevent the motor from being restarted. The backspin frequency is sensed through the Backspin Voltage input. If the
measured frequency is below the programmed minimum permissible frequency, the backspin start inhibit will be
removed. The time for the motor to reach the minimum permissible frequency is calculated throughout the backspin

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Chapter 11 - Control

state. If the backspin frequency signal is lost prior to reaching the minimum permissible frequency, the inhibit
remains active until the prediction time has expired.

Application:
Backspin protection is typically used on down-hole pump motors which can be located several kilometers
underground. Check valves are often used to prevent flow reversal when the pump stops. Very often however, the
flow reverses due to faulty or nonexistent check valves, causing the pump impeller to rotate the motor in the reverse
direction. Starting the motor during this period of reverse rotation (back-spinning) may result in motor damage.
Backspin detection ensures that the motor can only be started when the motor has slowed to within acceptable
limits. Without backspin detection a long time delay had to be used as a start permissive to ensure the motor had
slowed to a safe speed.
Path:Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Start Supervision > Backspin Detection

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

MIN PERMISSIBLE FREQ

Range: 0.0 to 9.9 Hz in steps of 0.1 Hz
Default: 0.0 Hz

PREDICTION ALGORITHM
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

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Chapter 11 - Control

✕✡✤✏☞✍✓✤
✧★✦✩✂✗✁✦
✚✗✛✜✢✣✝✞
✥✦✜✢✣✝✞

✕✡✤✏☞✍✓✤ ✱✲
✮✯✁✩✰ ✳
✪✫ ✬ ✭

✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✎ ☞✏✡✑✒✓✔✕
✁✂✁✄ ☎✂✁✆✆✝✞ ✘✙
✁✂✁✄ ✖✄✗✆✆✝✞

✒✎✤✶✒✠ ✷✒✠✶✡✕
✮✜✩✰✛✆✗✦ ✸✁✣✂✜✹✝ ■ ❇ ❏❑✿ ■▲▼◆
✮✜✩✰✛✆✗✦ ✧✄✝✴★✝✦✩✵
✱✲ ✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✎ ☞✏✡✑✒✓✔✕
✽✾✿❀ ❁ ✽✾✿❂❃❀ ✳ ✁✂✁✄ ☎✣✁P✗✦✹ ✚✁P✦
❄❅❆
✽ ❇ ❈❉❊❋●❉❍
✏✑✡✷✍☞✶✕ ✻✕✔ ✕✤✒✤✡✕
✮✜✩✰✛✆✗✦✦✗✦✹ ✘✙
✁✂✁✄ ✺✩✩✝✣✝✄✜✂✗✁✦
☎✁✁✦ ✂✁ ✼✝✛✂✜✄✂

■ ❁ ❏❑✿ ■▲▼◆ ✱✲ ✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✎ ☞✏✡✑✒✓✔✕

✳ ❖✁ ✮✜✩✰✛✆✗✦
✏✑✡✷✍☞✶✕ ✻✕✔ ✕✤✒✤✡✕ ✽ ❁ ❈❉❊❋●❉❍
✁✂✁✄ ☎✣✁P✗✦✹ ✚✁P✦

■ ❇ ❏❑✿ ■▲▼◆
✱✲ ✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✎ ☞✏✡✑✒✓✔✕
✽✾✿❀ ❇ ✽✾✿❂❃❀ ✳ ✁✂✁✄ ✺✩✩✝✣✝✄✜✂✗✦✹
❄❅❆
✽ ❇ ❈❉❊❋●❉❍
✏✑✡✷✍☞✶✕ ✻✕✔ ✕✤✒✤✡✕
✁✂✁✄ ☎✣✁P✗✦✹ ✚✁P✦
❖✁ ✮✜✩✰✛✆✗✦

■ ❇ ❏❑✿ ■▲▼◆
✱✲ ✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✍✎ ☞✏✡✑✒✓✔✕
✽✾✿❀ ❁ ✽✾✿❂❃❀ ✳ ✮✜✩✰✛✆✗✦✦✗✦✹
❄❅❆
✽ ❇ ❈❉❊❋●❉❍
✏✑✡✷✍☞✶✕ ✻✕✔ ✕✤✒✤✡✕
✁✂✁✄ ✺✩✩✝✣✝✄✜✂✗✦✹

◗❘ ❙❚❯❯◗ ❱ ❘❲ ❱
❳❨❩❩❳❬✺❬❭✩✞✄

Figure 215: Backspin Detection logic diagram (1 of 2)

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Chapter 11 - Control

▼◆❖P ◗❘❙❙❚ ❯
❖❱ ❲

✄ ☎ ✆✝✞ ✄✟✠✡

✖✲✕✑✖✯ ✍✖✯✑✌✒ ✥ ✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒

✦
✁✂ ✧ ★✩✪✫✢✙✬✢✭✣
✗✴✵ ★✩✪✫✶ ✷✢✸✪

☛☞✌✍✎✏✑✒ ✓✒✔ ✒✕✖✕✌✒

✗✘✙✚✛✜✢✣✣✢✣✤

✄ ✁ ✆✝✞ ✄✟✠✡

✥ ✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
✹✺✞✻ ☎ ✹✺✞ ✼✽✻ ✦
✧
✾✿❀ ✴✭✭✣ ✬✭ ❇✪✴✬✘✩✬
✹ ☎ ❁❂❃❄❅❂❆

✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
✗✘✙✚✛✜✢✣✣✢✣✤

✥
✦
✧
✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
✴✭✭✣ ✬✭ ❇✪✛✬✘✩✬ ❭❳

❳❨❩❩❬ ❭❩ ❨❭❪❫❭ ❴❵❛❜

✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
●
❍ ❉❊❊✭❋ ❇✪✛✬✘✩✬

✥
❈✂ ✦
✧

✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
★✩✪✫✢✙✬✢✭✣

✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
■✭✬✭✩ ✴❊✭❋✢✣✤ ✵✭❋✣
✗✴✵ ✴❊✭❋✢✣✤ ✵✭❋✣ ✮✯✌✰✯✏✱✎✲ ✏☛✌☞✖✳✔✒
●
✗✴✵ ★✩✪✫✢✙✬✢✭✣ ❍ ✗✴✵ ✴✬✘✩✬ ❏✣❑✢▲✢✬
✥
■✭✬✭✩ ❉✙✙✪❊✪✩✘✬✢✣✤ ✦
✧
✗✴✵ ✴✭✭✣ ✬✭ ✴✬✘✩✬
❉❊❊✭❋ ❇✪✛✬✘✩✬ ❝❞❡❡❝❢❉❣✶✙✫✩

Figure 216: Backspin Detection logic diagram (2 of 2)

11.4.2 AUTORESTART
The 859 can be configured to automatically restart the motor after it has tripped on system or process related
disturbances, such as an undervoltage or an overload. This feature is useful in remote unmanned pumping
applications. Before using autorestart, the feature must be enabled, the required restart time after a trip must be
programmed, and an output contact configured to initiate the autorestart by closing the circuit breaker or contactor.
This output contact can also be wired with OR logic in the start circuit of the motor.
To prevent the possibility of closing onto a fault upon autorestarting, this feature is not allowed for all trips. The 859
never attempts an autorestart after Short Circuit, Ground Fault or Differential Switch trips. Furthermore, only one
autorestart is attempted after a thermal overload trip, provided that Single Shot Restart is enabled, which allows a
single restart attempt. The thermal capacity is cleared to prevent another thermal overload trip during this start and

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Chapter 11 - Control

if the 859 trips for a second time on Overload, the autorestarting is aborted. Any normal manual starting will
probably be inhibited, (lockout time) allowing the motor to cool (thermal capacity to decay) before permitting another
start.
The total autorestart delay comprises the sum of three delays: RESTART DELAY, PROGRESSIVE DELAY, and
HOLD DELAY. If none of these are required, the autorestart delay can be set to zero.
Total Delay = Restart Delay + (auto-restarts number x Progressive Delay) + Hold Delay
Path:Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Autorestart

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

TOTAL RESTARTS
Range: 0 to 65000 in steps of 1
Default: 1

RESTART DELAY
Range: 0 to 20000 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
This setting controls the basic autorestart time and the timer start when the motor tripped.

PROGRESSIVE DELAY
Range: 0 to 20000 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
This setting increases each consecutive auto-restart delay with its set amount. For example, assume that
RESTART DELAY, PROGRESSIVE DELAY, and HOLD DELAY values are 1, 3, and 0 seconds respectively. The
fifth autorestart waiting time is then: 1 sec. + 5th auto-restart × 3 sec. + 0 sec. = 1 sec. + 5 x 3 sec. = 16 sec.

HOLD DELAY
Range: 0 to 20000 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
This setting sequentially staggers autorestarts for multiple motors on a bus. For example, if four motors on a bus
have settings of 60, 120, 180, and 240 seconds,respectively, it is advantageous, after a common fault that trips
all four motors, to autorestart at 60 second intervals to minimize voltage sag and overloading.

BUS VALID ENABLED

Range: Yes, No
Default: No
The presence of healthy bus voltage prior to the autorestart can be verified by enabling the BUS VALID
ENABLED feature.

BUS VALID LEVEL

Range: 15 to 100% of Motor Rated Voltage in steps of 1
Default: 100%

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Chapter 11 - Control

This setting is the voltage level below which autorestart is not to be attempted. The 859 checks the BUS VALID
LEVEL just before the autorestart to allow the bus voltage to recover.

OUTPUT RELAY
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Any auxiliary relay configured under OUTPUT RELAY can be operated by the Autorestart function. The
Autorestart function output operand Autorestart Close Attempt is hard coded to energize the Close Relay logic.
In addition, to energize the breaker/contactor close coil, CLOSE RELAY SELECT must be selected under the
breaker or contactor setup.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled
Four different types of “Autorestart Aborted” events have been provided to help in troubleshooting. The logic
diagram below shows the logic flow of the Autorestart algorithm. Each type of Autorestart Aborted event and
where it occurs within the logic flow is indicated in this diagram. For example, if an “Autorestart Aborted1” event
is recorded in the event recorder, the logic diagram immediately indicates that the abort cause was the number
of restart attempts being more than the MAXIMUM NUMBER OF RESTARTS setpoint.

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 11 - Control

Logic diagram
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ❹ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌✠✍ ✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ④⑤ ✾❧✑ ❾✒✔✏✖ ✙✚✒✓✔✕✖
✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✯✫ ❏✮❉③✮❘◗◗ ✻➏➐✵✺✳➑➐✻✺➐ ✳➒✳✼➐
❅ ➥➦⑨⑥➧ ❂
✎✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✘ ✪❺❉✮❊ ➓❘◗❊◆✮❊ ❿✕✑✗P ❂ ❃ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ➎
❆ ❶ ❃ ❄
✙✚✒✓✔✕✖ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ❋❖❉◗❘ ✪❊❊❘❤✰❊ ❄ ❅
➨➩➫➩➭ ➯➲➳➵➸➺➸➭ ✛✜✢ ✣✜✤✥✦✧★✤✩✦✤ ❆
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ☛❞ ✾❣✕✒➂✕❣ ❞❣ ✡❞✚❡✒❷❡❞❣
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ➅➆➇➈ ➉✥❴✤✩❵✧★ ➊✦✥❩ ➉➋ ➌✩✢➍ ✡✔❞✑✕ ❢✕✔✒♠ ✔❞❜✏❷
✾❧✑ ❾✒✔✏✖ ✿✕s✕✔
✾✿✌✡❀✍ ❂ ✛✜✢ ✣✜✤✥✦✧★✤✩✦✤ ❾✌✿☛❦➄✙ ✡✌✠✠✙✡☛☞✌✠
❃ ❢✟✠
❄ ➃❿✙ ✎✙✿☛❦
✌❁✗✘
❾❦➄ ❾❦✾ ❾❦ ✐✒❜ ❸ r✏❷➂❧✈ ❂
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ❃ ✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ❾✾➄ ❾✾✡ ❾✾ ✐✒❜ ❸ r✏❷➂❧✈ ❄ ❂
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ❡♥ ✗ ❢✕✑❡✒❣❡ ✎✕✔✒♠ ❃
❂ ❾✡➄ ❾✡❦ ❾✡ ✐✒❜ ❸ r✏❷➂❧✈ ❄ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ❋❖❉◗❘ ✪❊❊❘❤✰❊
✪✫✬ ✭✮✯✰ ❂ ❃ ②❉❊❉✮ ✭✮✯✰✰❘▲ ❅ ➙➛
❃ ❄ ❆ ❡♦ ✗ ♣❞✔✖ ✎✕✔✒♠
❄ ②❉❊❉✮ ❇❊❉✰✰❘▲ ➙ ➛➜➝➞➟➠ ➡➢➤➛➜
❡q ✗ r❣❞❜❣✕✑✑✏s✕ ✎✕✔✒♠ ✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
❦❧❡❞❣✕✑❡✒❣❡ ✎✕✔✒♠ ✗ ✪✫✬ ✭✮✯✰ ❦❧❡❞❣✕✑❡✒❣❡ ✌❧❡✈❧❡ ❢✕✔✒♠
❂
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ❃ ❡♥ t❡ ♦ t✉❢✕✑❡✒❣❡ ❦❡❡✕✐✈❡✑ ✇ ❡ q ① ➣↔➓ ❯ ➓❘❤❉❊❘ ■✰❘✫
❄ ❅ ✌✈✕❣✒❡✕→ ✎❞ ✠❞❡ ❞✈✕❣✒❡✕
❇❈❉✮❊ ❋✯✮●❍✯❊ ■❏ ❅ ❢✟✠ ❋✫●❊ ❯ ➓❘❤❉❊❘ ■✰❘✫ ❆
❆ ❂ ☛✏✐✕❣ ❥ ❦❧❡❞❣✕✑❡✒❣❡ ✎✕✔✒♠
❑✫▲▼◆❍❖❊ ✭✮✯✰ ■❏ ❃ ➣↔➓ ❯ ↕❉●◆❖ ■✰❘✫
❄ ❢✏✑✏✚❜ ✙✖❜✕
❢✙❛✙☛ ❋✫●❊ ❯ ↕❉●◆❖ ■✰❘✫
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂ ❂ ✻➏➐✵✺✳➑➐✻✺➐ ✳➒✳✼➐
✠❞➀ ❞➁ ❢✕✑❡✒❣❡ ❦❡❡✕✐✈❡✑ ❃
✞✟✠✡☛☞✌✠✍ ❄ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ❲
✎✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗P ❂
❃
❨✦✥❩❬ ❭✢❪✧✦❫✥❴✤✩❵✧ ✛✧★✤✩✦✤ ❄

✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽
✁✂✄☎✆✝✂
❏❈◆◗❘ ❙❚ ❯❱❲❳ ■❏
☛❞❡✒✔ ❢✕✑❡✒❣❡✑
④⑤ ⑥⑦⑧④⑨⑩❶
⑥⑦⑧④⑨ ✻➏➐✵✺✳➑➐✻✺➐ ✳➒✳✼➐
❅ ❷❞❧✚❡ ❸✗✐✒✇ ❢✕✑❡✒❣❡ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ❯
❆ ❢✕✐❞❡✕ ❞❣
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ➔✒✚❧✒✔ ❶⑩❹⑩⑨ ❷❞❧✚❡ tt
❛✏✚❜✔✕ ❛❝❞❡ ❢✕✑❡✒❣❡ ❢✕✑✕❡ ✻✸➐➏✻✲ ➒✻✲➏✳
➓❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❊❊❘❤✰❊◗

❂ ❂ ✻➏➐✵✺✳➑➐✻✺➐ ✳➒✳✼➐
❃ ❃
❄ ❄ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ❽
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽
✭❈❘✮❤◆❖ ■❏

✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ✻➏➐✵✺✳➑➐✻✺➐ ✳➒✳✼➐

✪❺❉✮❊ ➓❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ❯
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽
❅ ✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ❽ ❅
✱✲✳✴✲✵✶✷✸ ✵✹✳✺✻✼✽ ❆ ❆ ✪❺❉✮❊ ➓❘◗❊◆✮❊
✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ➎
②❉❊❉✮ ❇❊◆✮❊✯✫③
✪❍❊❉✮❘◗❊◆✮❊ ✪❺❉✮❊❘▲ ❻❼❘✫❊ ❲
➻➼❲❲➽➾✪❯➚●▲✮
❢✏✑✏✚❜ ✙✖❜✕

Figure 217: Autorestart Control logic diagram

11.4.3 UNDERVOLTAGE RESTART

Path:Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Undervoltage Restart

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When enabled, the Undervoltage Restart (UVR) FUNCTION restarts the motor after a momentary power loss
(dip).
The difference between Undervoltage Restart (UVR) and Autorestart elements is as follows:
Undervoltage restart is blocked by any trip issued by the 859 except the UVR built-in undervoltage trip function,
and if the undervoltage restart is enabled, the Autorestart can't be activated by the undervoltage element. It
means that if Undervoltage Restart is enabled, the undervoltage autorestart element covers no trip conditions
and in an undervoltage trip condition, Autorestart covers all the trip conditions except the Undervoltage
condition.

TRIP PICKUP
Range: 0.50 to 1.00 x Rated in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.65 x Rated
When the magnitude of either of Va, Vb, or Vc (Wye VT Connection) or Vab, Vbc, or Vca (Open Delta VT
Connection) drops below the TRIP PICKUP level, the UVR undervoltage trip function can de-energize the motor
breaker/contactor.

TRIP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0 s
This setting specifies a time delay for the undervoltage trip function.

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TRIP OUTPUT RELAY

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Any auxiliary relay configured under this setpoint can be operated by the UVR UV Trip OP function.

Note:
The UVR Trip function also operates the Trip Relay logic when the Output Relay 1 is selected as the trip relay under Breaker/
Contactor setup. The trip relay should reset before closing the autorestart contact to allow the breaker or contactor to close.

RESTORATION LEVEL
Range: 0.50 to 1.00 x Rated in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.90 x Rated
If the power is restored as indicated by the magnitudes of Va (Vab), Vb (Vbc), and Vc(Vca) recover above the
RESTORATION LEVEL within the IMMED RESTART PWR LOSS TIME, the motor will be restarted
immediately.

IMMED RESTART PWR LOSS TIME

Range: 0.0 to 0.5 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.0 s

DELAY1 RESTART PWR LOSS TIME

Range: 0.1 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 0.0 s

DELAY2 RESTART PWR LOSS TIME

Range: 0 to 3601 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
The duration of the power loss is classified as Immediate Restart Power Loss, Delay 1 Restart Power Loss and
Delay 2 Restart Power Loss based on settable time thresholds.

DELAY1 RESTART TIME DELAY

Range: 0.0 to 1200.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 2.0 s

DELAY2 RESTART TIME DELAY

Range: 0.0 to 1200.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 10.0 s
If the power is restored after the IMMED RESTART PWR LOSS TIME but before the DELAY1 RESTART PWR
LOSS TIME or DELAY2 RESTART PWR LOSS TIME, the motor will be restarted after the DELAY1 RESTART
TIME DELAY or DELAY2 RESTART TIME DELAY. If a delayed restart is always required, set the DELAY2
RESTART PWR LOSS TIME to 1200.0 s (unlimited). If another power loss occurs during the DELAY1
RESTART TIME DELAY or DELAY2 RESTART TIME DELAY, all the autorestart timers will be reset and the
autorestart element will be re-initiated based on the latest power loss. If this feature is used, the Spare Switch
must be used as a Starter Status Switch input, reflecting the state of the main contactor or breaker.

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SETUP TIME
Range: 0.0 to 1200.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Default: 10.0 s
This sets the amount of time the voltages must be healthy before another immediate restart is to be attempted.

CLOSE OUTPUT RELAY

Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate
Any auxiliary relay configured under this setpoint can operate an energized breaker/contactor.

Note:
UVR also operates the Close Relay logic when any of the auxiliary output relays are selected as the Close Trip Relay under
Breaker/Contactor setup.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Latched

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Logic diagram
✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲
✺✹✢✡✆✣✜✢✻
✄✩✼✥✽✾✿❀❁❂
✂❃✥✽✾✿❀ ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲ ❤✐❑ ❤✐ ❥❏◆❦ ❧➧❧
✠☎✜✡❪✻ ❴❵ ❄✒❅ ❆✚✏❇✔✍❈ ❉ ❊✓✕ ✙✔✓❋✛✍❈
❛ q➌ ➳➵➔➸➺➔➵➻r➌➎➆➸➋➆➌➵
✜❫❁❂ q➵➣→ ✉➔➼➸➽ ♦➌➾➣➋
P◗❘❙◗❚❯❱❲ ❚❳❘❨❩❬❭ ❴❵
●❍■❍❏ ❑▲▼▼◆▼❖ ✮✯ ❛ ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
●❍■❍❏ ❜❝❞❏❡❍❢❣ ❤✐❑ ❤✐ ❥❏◆❦ ❜❧
✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲
☛☞✌✍✍ ✎☞✏✑✍ ✒✓✔✕✏✖✍✑ ✗✌✓✘ ✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲ ✹✞✸ ✹✞ ✆✷✩✭ ✜✬❸✭✬❸ ✸✿✾✥❷
✒☛ ✙✏✚✛ ✆✷✩✭ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ✄❺ ✢❺❸ ✜✭✿✷✥❸✿↕ ✜✭✿✷✥❸✿
✞✜☎✆✝✟✂ ✡✜✢✢✂✡✆✣✜✢ ✸✹✢
✁✂ ✄✂☎✆✝ ✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲ ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
✞✝✟ ✞✝✠ ✞✝ ✤✥✦ ✧ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ✮✯ ✆✷✩✭ ✄✿✾✥❷ ❤✐❑ ◆▼ ❧❏❍❖❏❞➦➦
✞✠✟ ✞✠✡ ✞✠ ✤✥✦ ✧ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ❸ ❂ t
✞✡✟ ✞✡✝ ✞✡ ✤✥✦ ✧ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ♠♥ t ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
❄✒❅ ❆✚✏❇✔✍❈ ❉ ♦♣qrs ♠♥ ❤✐❑ ❶■❍❦
❊✓✕ ✙✔✓❋✛✍❈ ✉ ➐➚ ♦♣qrs
✮✯ ✈✇①✇②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑦② ➇ ✉
P◗❘❙◗❚❯❱❲ ❚❳❘❨❩❬❭ ✈✇①✇②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑦②
❤✐❑ ❤✐ ❥❏◆❦ ❜❧ ✮✯ ❴❵ ✮✯
❤▼❣❞❏❝❍❡■❢❖❞❥❏◆❦ ❛ ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
⑨▼⑩❥❏◆❦ ●❍■❍❏ ❶■❢❏■◆▼❖

➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡ P◗❘❙◗❚❯❱❲ ❚❳❘❨❩❬❭

❤✐❑ ➥❡❍➦❞ ●❍■❍❏ ❶■❍❦❦❞❣ ✮✯ ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
✮✯ ●❍■❍❏ ❥❏◆❦❦❞❣ ❤✐❑ ➭➯➯➲ ❑❞➦■❢❏■
✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲✰
❸❼❁ ✣✤✤✿❀ ✸✿✼❸✥✷❸ ★❿✷ ☎❺✼✼ ✆✩✤✿ ➨➩ ➨➩
❸❽❁ ✄✿✾✥❷➀ ✸✿✼❸✥✷❸ ★❿✷ ☎❺✼✼ ✆✩✤✿ ➫ ➫ q➌ ➳➵➔➸➺➔➵➻r➌➎➆➸➋➆➌➵
r➼➌➚➔ ✉➔➼➸➽ ♦➌➾➣➋
❸❾❁ ✄✿✾✥❷➁ ✸✿✼❸✥✷❸ ★❿✷ ☎❺✼✼ ✆✩✤✿
t ✢✞ ✡✹➃✹☎✝✆✣✞✂ ✆✣➃✂ ✆✣➃✂✸ ✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲✰
♠♥ ✸✹✢ ❸➄➅❁ ✄✿✾✥❷➀ ✸✿✼❸✥✷❸ ✆✩✤✿ ✄✿✾✥❷ ➨➩ ➙➛✱➜➛✴➝✵➞ ✴✳✱➟➠✶➡
❄✒❅ ❆✚✏❇✔✍❈ ❉ ♦♣qrs ❸✩✤✿ ✧ ❸❼ ➨➩
❊✓✕ ✙✔✓❋✛✍❈ ✉ ❸✩✤✿ ✧ ❸❽ ➫ ➆➄➅ ➫ ➢➤ ❤✐❑ ➥❡❍➦❞
➇ ➐➚
✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲ ✈✇①✇②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑦② ✸✂➂✂✆ ❸✩✤✿ ✧ ❸❾ ➐ ➚➔➋➌➎➱ ✃➍➼➚➔
✸✿✼❸❺✷✥❸✩❺❃ ☎✿❻✿✾ ❸✩✤✿ ❹ ✤✥➴➷❸❼↕ ❸❽↕ ❸❾➬ ✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲
✸✹✢ ★❺❿✿✷ ☎❺✼✼ ✆✩✤✿✷ ✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲✰ ✹✞✸ ✡✾❺✼✿ ✜✬❸✭✬❸ ✸✿✾✥❷
❸➄➅❁ ✄✿✾✥❷➁ ✸✿✼❸✥✷❸ ✆✩✤✿ ✄✿✾✥❷ ➨➩ ✄❺ ✢❺❸ ✜✭✿✷✥❸✿↕ ✜✭✿✷✥❸✿
✞✝ ✤✥✦ ❹ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ❴❵ ➨➩ ➆➄➅
✞✠ ✤✥✦ ❹ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ❛ ➫ ➫
✞✡ ✤✥✦ ❹ ★✩✪✫✬✭ ➇
✹✞✸ ✹❃✼✬✪✪✿✼✼➮✬✾

♠♥ r➈➉♠q➊✉
r➈➉♠q
✉➊t➊q ➋➌➍➎➆ ➏ ➐

✰✱✲✳✴✵✶✲
➆➑➒ ➓ t➔➆➍→ q➣↔➔ ➠➞✲➹➠➛ ➘➠➛➹✱
➇ ❤✐❑ ❧❍➪❞❏ ➶❍➦➦ ❥◆➯❞
➆➑➒
❐❒❮❮❰Ï⑨Ï➲Ð❣❏

Figure 218: Undervoltage Restart Control logic diagram

11.4.4 REDUCED VOLTAGE STARTING

The relay can control the transition of a reduced voltage starter from reduced to full voltage. That transition may be
based on Current Only, Current and Timer, or Current or Timer (whichever comes first). When the relay detects a
Motor Starting condition, the current will typically rise quickly to a value in excess of FLA (e.g., 5 × FLA). At this
point, the Start Timer is initialized while the motor current is simultaneously monitored. When the transition from
reduced to full voltage is initiated, the Reduced Volt Ctrl operand will be asserted for 1 second. The intention is to
link this operand to the auxiliary output relay that can control reduced voltage start contactors. The feature can also
assert a trip signal if the current or timer transitions do not occur as expected. This element is functional only if the
external motor Start/Stop command is used. An example of the control wiring related to this element is depicted in
the diagram below.
859/869

Figure 219: Reduced Voltage Start Contactor Control Circuit

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Chapter 11 - Control

The following figure provides a typical current – time diagram of a reduced voltage start sequence.

☞✌✍✌✎ ✘✙✚✛ ✜✙✚ ✢✣✤✤✤✚✛✜ ✥✦✧✧★ ✩✚✧✪✫

✏☞✑✒ ✜✙✚ ✍✤✦✛★✬✜✬✪✛ ✖✚✭✚✧ ✦✛✮ ✯✪✤ ✜✙✚

✓✔ ✕✖✏✗ ✍✬✰✚✤ ✚✱✲✬✤✚★✳ ✜✙✚ ✏✣✱✬✧✬✦✤✴

✎✚✧✦✴ ✦✢✜✬✭✦✜✚★ ✥✪✤ ✵ ★✚✢✪✛✮

✹ ✱ ✕✖✏

✍✤✦✛★✬✜✬✪✛
✖✚✭✚✧

✕✖✏

✍✤✦✛★✬✜✬✪✛ ✍✬✰✚ ✍✶☞✷

✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✡☛
★✬✸✛✬✥✬✚★
✌✲✚✛ ✍✤✦✛★✬✜✬✪✛

Note:
If this feature is used, the Starter Status Switch input must be either from a common control contact or a parallel combination
of Auxiliary 52a contacts or a combination of Auxiliary 52b contacts from the reduced voltage contactor and the full voltage
contactor as shown in the following diagram.

Figure 220: Reduced Voltage Start Current Characteristic

❍■❏ ✏✑✒✓✔✑✒ ✕✖✗✘✙✚✑ ✛✘✙✏✘

✙✜✜✗✢✔✙✘✢✖✣
✘✻✼✽✾✿❀ ✿❁❂✽❀✽✿❃✻ ✁✂✁✄☎✆ ✝✞✟✠✄ ✡ ✮✮✮ ❋
✾❄❅❆✿✾❆❇ ✾❄❅❅❈✾❆✽❄❅ ✤✥✦✧ ✮✮✰
☛✠✄✟✠✄ ☞✌✆☎✍✎ ✮✮❫
✺✹✸ ★✩★✥✪ ✮✮❴
✷✶ ✮✮❵
✵✳ ✮✮❛ ●
✲✴✳ ✮✮❜ ❑✤▲✧ ❉❉✰❊✮
✲✱ ★✫✬✭✮✯ ✮✮❝ ❉❉✰
✮✮❞
✮✰❡
★✫✬✭✰ ✮✰✮
✮✰✰
✯❉P◗❘❙❚❯❱❲ ❳❨ ❑❩❳❯❩✦◗❬❭❪❭❩ ❑✤★✥✤ ❉❉✮
▼▼◆❖◆

❢❣❤❤✐❥❦❧♠♥♦♣
Figure 221: Reduced Voltage Starting wiring example

Path: Setpoints > Control > Motor Starting > Reduced Voltage Start

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option

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Chapter 11 - Control

Default: Disabled

CONTROL OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

TRANSITION MODE
Range: Current Only, Current or Timer, Current and Timer
Default: Current Only
Current Only:
When the motor load falls below the START CURRENT LEVEL setting prior to the expiration of the START
TIMER, a transition will be initiated by asserting the Reduced Volt Ctrl operand for a period of one second. Any
contact output assigned to this operand will operate for this period of time. If the reduced voltage START TIMER
expires prior to the motor load dropping below the START CURRENT LEVEL setting, the Reduced Volt Ctrl
operand does not change state and the Reduced Volt Fail operand is asserted.
Current Or Timer:
When the motor load falls below the START CURRENT LEVEL setting, or if the reduced voltage START TIMER
expires, a transition will be initiated by asserting the Reduced Volt Ctrl operand for one second. Any contact
output assigned to this control signal will operate for this period of time.
Current And Timer:
A transition will be initiated by asserting the Reduced Volt Ctrl operand for one second when the reduced voltage
START TIMER expires and the motor load has dropped below the START CURRENT LEVEL setting prior to the
expiration of the reduced voltage timer. If the reduced voltage timer expires prior to the motor load dropping
below the START CURRENT LEVEL setting, the Reduced Volt Ctrl operand does not change state and the
Reduced Volt Fail operand is asserted.

START CURRENT LEVEL

Range: 0.25 to 3.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 1.25 x FLA
Motor current has to drop below the value selected here to initialize the transition. This applies if “Current Only”
or “Current or Timer” was selected.

START TIMER
Range: 1.0 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1
Default: 10.0 s

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

TRIP OUTPUT RELAY X

Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled

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Chapter 11 - Control

Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-Reset, Latched
Default: Latched

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Chapter 11 - Control

❅✢
✚✓
✛✓✢ ✔✛
❨✹
✺✔ ✛✓✢ ❑ ❑ ✓✛
✢✥
✓✥✤ ❳✑
✥✓ ❃ ❃ ☛✡
✳ ✤✖✛ ❘ ✽✿ ✤ ❏
■✾
❏
■✾ ✽✿
❅✢
✚✓
✓✤
✟✠✞
✳❬
✖
✳ ❂❃
❅✢ ❀ ✣✚✢ ❀ ✥✚✛ ✔✛ ❬✳✓ ✝✆
✚✓ ✛✓✢ ❁ ❁ ❂❃
❁❀ ✔✛ ✥✓ ❂❍
✜✛
✚✙ ❂❍
✯✛
✚✙ ❁❀ ✖✤ ✢✛✥ ☎✄
✹✺ ✿✾ ✖✤ ✤ ● ✘ ● ✘ ✿✾ ✛✖ ✓✤ ✂✁
✽ ✳✛ ❁❊ ❁❊ ✚✳✙
❱✑
✔ ✛✖
✙ ❋✾
✕✓
✗✖ ❋✾
✕✓
✗✖
✽ ✛✳✙
❲❩ ✳ ❄ ✛✥✦ ❄
✰ ✣✤✥ ✙ ❉❊ ✕✓ ❉❊ ✕✓ ✙ ✙
✑ ❲ ✔ ✔ ✯ ❲

✛✥ ✓✒
✦✙ ✛✢✮ ✦✙ ✛
✣✣✛ ✣✣✛ ★✙
✧✦ ✓✒ ✱✲✦ ✧✦ ✚✓ ✱✲✦
✛ ✛✣✥ ✢✥ ✭ ✛✣✥
✥✢✛ ★✙ ✢✛ ✛ ✕✓ ✢✛
✚✓
❆❇❈ ✓✒
✛ ✭
✮
✣✧ ✒✓✛ ✤✤✙ ✮✛
✧✤ ✧✖ ✦✓ ✥✕ ✙✦
✦✓ ✧✣
✒ ✥✙✕ ✛✢ ✒ ✧✢
★✛ ✥✓ ✧✛✥ ★✛ ✒ ✖✧✛
✧
✗✓ ✧✓ ✬✓ ✙✛ ✧✓ ✢✕✙ ✛✢✧
✣✧ ✙ ✧✣
✩ ❘
✧
✕✦
✦
✕✢ ✩ ✕✦ ✥✚✙ ✥✙
✛✙
❖❙ ✓✒ ✛✙
✥✢✓ ✚✙ ✛ ✥✢✓ ✩ ✩
✥✙
❖ ✤✙ ✛✙ ✦✕✢ ✤ ✓✒ ✒✓✛
✚✣ ✚✳✥ ✛✥ ✲✓
✩ ✱✦ ✛✯ ✲
❖ ✜✢✛ ✓✒ ✛✣✛ ✛✚ ✴✙ ✶✣✱
✙✚✘ ✛✫
✣ ✓✧ ✙✘ ✦✕✢ ✣✦✛
✧✓ ✚✓ ✧✓ ✛✓
✕✓ ✬✓ ✕✓ ✧
P◗ ✗✖ ✣✥✤ ✰✛ ✗✖ ✣✥✤ ✵✰
✪✓ ✪✓
✏✎ ✓✕✔ ✥✓ ✦✓ ✓✕✔ ✥✓
✜✥
✍ ✥✥✖ ✙✛
✌ ✓✒ ✩✛✣ ✓✒ ✩✛✣ ✙
☞ ✑ ✯ ✑ ✩
❆❇❈

❆❇❈ ❆❇❈ P◗ ❆❇❈

✹
✼✻ ❖
✚✓ ✺✯✹
✿
❃❂ ✓✬✰ ✸ ✿ ✥✓
❁❀ ✛✦ ✕✢ P◗ ❂❃ ✣✩✑
✿✾ ❁❀
✥✓✥ ✰✙✥ ✿✾ ✛✥
✽ ✖ ✢✛
✯✛ ✙✛ ✽ ✮
✥✢ ❄ ✙
✛✮ ✔✼ ✷ ❯❚
✛❚

❆❇❈

❚❯
P◗ ✛❚
✿ ✥✓
❃❂ ✩✣
❀❁✿ ✛✑✥
✾✽ ✛✢✮

❑
❃
❏■
✿ ✿ ✓✕ ✥✓ ✿ ✾❀
❃❂ ❃❂ ✥✓ ❃❂ ❁
❁❀ ❁❀ ✙ ✩✣ ❁❀ ❍❂ ✱✦
✷ ✩✣ ✑
❖ ✚✓✭ ✚❅✦ ✑ ✛✣✥
✾✿✽ ❱ ✾✿✽ ✦✙ ✥✙ ✦✕✢ ✾✿✽
●
❄ ◆
✕✓ ✢✥ ✛✣✣ ✳✛ ❊❁❋ ✛✢✮
✺✳✑ ✚✭ ✖✱ ✧✦ ✦✓ ✛✦ ✛✦ ❖ ✾❊ ✥✙
✯ ✫✣✦ ✢✥ ✥✥ ✥✓✥ ✥✓✥ ▼✗ ◆ ❉ ✛✙
❄
✼✜ ✧✢✣ ✣✤✥ ✙ ✑ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✙✚ ✫✫
❲ ✑ ✯ ✯ ✯ ✯ ▲ ✳ ✷

Figure 222: Reduced Start logic diagram

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.5 LOCAL CONTROL MODE

Local Mode
When the setpoint LOCAL MODE is enabled, Open and Close control of breakers and switches is performed using
relay pushbuttons (PBs), or contact inputs from PBs installed in close proximity to the relay (such as on the relay
panel, or in the relay cubicle).
The addition of contact inputs an other FlexLogic operands for closing and opening the breaker, or switch while in
local mode provides the flexibility to use PBs mounted near the relay.
If contact inputs or other FlexLogic operands are used while the Select Before Operate (SBO) mechanism is
enabled, the breaker or the switch shall first be selected using the relay PBs, and then opened or closed using the
designated relay panel or cubicle PBs. (The SELECT BEFORE OPERATE setpoint is only available for relays
supporting a single breaker.) If the SBO mechanism is disabled while the relay supports configurable single line
diagrams (SLDs), only the breaker PBs either on the relay front panel or mounted nearby will work. The menu
setpoints for local switch Open and Close are hidden and deactivated.
If the relay does not support configurable SLD, the setpoints for local switch Open and Close are omitted from the
menu.
While in Local Mode, the letters LM are displayed on the relay display banner. In addition, an LED can be
programmed to turn ON when the relay is set to Local Mode. By default the relay comes with one LED programmed
to show Local Mode.
In Local Mode, control for the breakers and disconnect switches can be accessed from the relay front panel (PBs
programmed for Open and Close) or by contact inputs for Open and Close from PBs installed near the relay. Hard
coded SLD PBs are designated for Tag, Block and Bypass Block for each component upon selection. In this mode,
the LOCAL OPEN and LOCAL CLOSE setpoints for Breaker Control or Switch Control (see the respective logic)
are active.
The same Local Control Mode applies if Contactor is selected as a switching device.

Remote Mode
When Remote Mode is enabled, the switches are controlled (open/close) from any assigned FlexLogic operand,
contact input, virtual input, virtual output, remote input, or via communication. The Control Mode menu is designed
to switch the control for both breakers and switches to either Remote Mode (LOCAL MODE setpoint set to Off, or
the selected Local Mode input de-asserted), or Local Mode (LOCAL MODE setpoint asserted).

Breaker Mode defaults

The default value of the breaker control mode with one breaker is Remote (LOCAL MODE set to Off or the
selected Local Mode input de-asserted). In this mode, all programmed setpoints from the respective menus for
Breaker Control and Switch Control are active. The same Remote Mode applies if a Contactor is selected as a
switching device. The default value for relays with two breakers is Local.

Navigation
The 8 Series front panel provides navigation pushbuttons (PBs) which highlight the component (breaker or
disconnect switch) from the single line diagram. The navigation PBs (Up/Down or Up/Down/Left/Right depending on
relay front panel model), are used to browse through the Single Line Drawing (SLD) components. These PBs are
used for SLD navigation only. The navigation starts with highlighting the first breaker, and then goes through all
other components in sequence, until the last one (breaker or switch). Only the breakers and switches included in
the SLD from the display will be browsed (navigated).

Select Before Operate

Once the breaker or the switch is highlighted in the SLD using the navigation PBs, the component must be selected
before open or close action is performed. The selection of the component is performed by pressing “ENTER” key

859-1601-0911 521
Chapter 11 - Control

from the front panel. A flash message BKR # Selected, or Sw # Selected appears on the screen to denote the
selection. Once selected, the text from the first three tabs from the display corresponding to the PBs 1, 2, and 3
changes to Tag, Block, and Bypass. At this stage, the selected breaker or switch can be Opened or Closed using
the programmed PBs, and Tagged/Blocked/Bypassed using the SLD PBs.
For PBs supporting one breaker only, the Local Control Mode menu includes the setpoint SELECT BEFORE
OPERATE, which can be set to either Enabled or Disabled. When it is set to Disabled, tagging, blocking and block
bypassing commands are disabled from both Local and Remote control. In this mode the breaker can be controlled
directly by the programmed Open and Close PBs. The local control for the disconnect switches is suspended. In
this mode they can only be controlled remotely, i.e. using pre-programmed contact inputs, virtual inputs, comms, or
any selected FlexLogic operand for closing and opening commands. The remote block and block bypass flags are
also suspended. With SELECT BEFORE OPERATE set to Disabled the relay behaves similar to some other legacy
relays, where when in Local mode the breaker is directly controlled by pressing the Open and Close PBs without
additional confirmation, and when in Remote mode the breaker is directly controlled by executing the remote open
and close commands from the configured setpoints.
When the SELECT BEFORE OPERATE setpoint is set to Enabled, the navigation, the breaker or switch selection,
as well as the blocking, bypassing and tagging are operational when in Local mode. When switched to Remote
mode, the remote blocking and bypassing will also be operational.

Note:
The selected component from SLD will be deselected if either the time programmed in setpoint Bkr/Sw Select Timeout
expires, or the ESCAPE pushbutton is pressed. The HOME button will not de-select the selected object. To navigate to home
page, the component must be first de-selected on the SLD page.

The programmed PBs for breaker or switch Open and Close can be used only in local mode when an active object
is selected in the SLD. The selected device can be opened or closed provided it is not blocked or tagged. If no
operation is detected, the selection is removed, and the selected PB must be pressed again to enable the selection.
The local mode breaker selection and operation is only active if the user has proper level security access.
✷✄ ✸✹ ✗✺✷✹✻

❁❂❃❄❂❅❆❇❈ ❅❉❃❊❋●❍ ✗✟✆✝☎✘ ✡✙✆ ✘✆✟✆✠✡☛☞✌ ❏❑▲▼◆❏

✵
✉✈♥ ✇①✐②❥♠❧ ✶

✚✛✜✢✣✤✥✜
✦✧★✩✪✫ ✪✬✭✬✮✯ ✰✱✲✬✳✴✯
✷✄ ✸✹❙❯✹✽✻ ❏♣q❏r ✒✓✔✕✖
❖P ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝✞✆☎ ✆✟✆✠✡☛☞✌
◗ ✍ ✎✏✑

❁❂❃❄❂❅❆❇❈ ❅❉❃❊❋●❍■
✄✼✽ ✾ ✆✟✆✠✡✆❀
✡☞ ✄☎✆✝✞✆☎ ✗☞✌✡☎☞✟ ✟☞❘☛✠
✄✼✽ ✿ ✆✟✆✠✡✆❀
❁❂❃❄❂❅❆❇❈ ❅❉❃❊❋●❍
✗✌✠✡ ✾ ✆✟✆✠✡✆❀
❢❣❤✐❥ ❦❣❧♠ ♥♦ ✡☞ ✗☞✌✡✝✠✡☞☎ ✗☞✌✡☎☞✟ ✟☞❘☛✠
❖P ✗✌✠✡ ✿ ✆✟✆✠✡✆❀
◗ ✄✼✽ ✾

❖P ✄✼✽ ✿
❛❜❝❝❞❡❜ ◗ ✵
❖P ✶
◗ ❖P ✗☞✌✡✝✠✡☞☎ ✾ ❙❚❯✹❱ ❲❳❨ ☎✆✟✝❩ ☞✌✟❩ ✘❬❭❭☞☎✡✘ ✘☛✌❘✟✆ ✄☎✆✝✞✆☎ ☞☎
◗ ✗☞✌✡✝✠✡☞☎❪ ❯✙✆ ✘✆✟✆✠✡☛☞✌ ☛✘ ❭✆☎❫☞☎❴✆❀ ❫☎☞❴ ✡✙✆ ❵☞✡☞☎
❖P ✆✡❬❭ ❴✆✌❬❪
✗☞✌✡✝✠✡☞☎ ✿
◗
❙✝s☛❘✝✡☛☞✌ ✷❬✘✙t❬✡✡☞✌✘
❲❨③③❨✾✺✾❪✠❀☎

Figure 223: Navigation and SLD component selection

PB Block (Hard coded SLD Pushbutton)

Blocking of a breaker or switch can be used for inhibiting the close or open operation while in Local Mode. The
selected breaker or disconnect switch can be blocked. If block was not applied to the selected component, pressing
the Block PB will block either the Open or Close command depending on the existing state. When the block is
active, the letter B appears in the SLD next to the controlled component

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■❏❑▲❏▼◆❖P ▼◗❑❘❙❚❯
☛☞✌ ✍✎✏ ✑✒✓✒✔✕✒✖
✑✗ ✍✎✏ ✑✒✓✒✔✕✒✖

✘✙✚ ■❏❑▲❏▼◆❖P ▼◗❑❘❙❚❯

✧★✩✪✫★✓✬✕✭✓✒ ✮✬✕✔✯ ☛✓★✔❉ ❊❋❋
✌✒✰✒✕✪✱★✲✭✩✬✩✕

❁❂ ❃❂❄❅❆❇❈ ✛
✳✴✵✶✷✶✸✹ ■❏❑▲❏▼◆❖P ▼◗❑❘❙❚❯
✼✽✾✿❀
✴✺✹ ✵✻✴✷ ✜✢✣✤✥ ☛✓★✔❉ ❊✧

✘✙✚
●
❍

■❏❑▲❏▼◆❖P ▼◗❑❘❙❚❯

✑☛❊ ❱✩✬❲✓✒✖ ✁✂✄✁☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 224: SLD Pushbutton Block logic diagram

PB Bypass (Hard coded SLD Pushbutton)

Blocking of the command can be bypassed using the SLD pushbutton Bypass. When pressed, the previously
applied block is bypassed. For example if the block was applied when the Breaker/Switch was opened, pressing the
PB Bypass will allow closing command. If the bypass is active for the selected breaker or switch, the letters By
appear next to the symbol in the SLD.

▲▼◆❖▼P◗❘❙ P❚◆❯❱❲❳

✡☛☞ ✌✍✎ ✏✑✒✑✓✔✑✕

✏❬ ✌✍✎ ✏✑✒✑✓✔✑✕

▲▼◆❖▼P◗❘❙ P❚◆❯❱❲❳
✖✗✘
✡❊❋✪✮✮ ✡✒✦✓● ❍■■
✥✦✧ ★✩✦✒✪✔✫✒✑ ✬✪✔✓✭
☞✑✮✑✔ ★ ✯✦✰✫✧✪✧✔

✿❀ ❁❀❂✿❃❄❄
✙
❀❅❆❇❈❉
✱✲✳✴✵✴✶✷ ▲▼◆❖▼P◗❘❙ P❚◆❯❱❲❳

✺✻✼ ✺✽✾ ✲✸✷ ✳✹✲✵ ✡❊❋✪✮✮ ✡✒✦✓● ❍✥

✚✛✜✢✣

✖✗✘
❏
❑

▲▼◆❖▼P◗❘❙ P❚◆❯❱❲❳

✏✡❍ ❨✧✪❩✒✑✕ ✁✂✄✁ ☎✆✝✞✟✠

Figure 225: SLD Pushbutton Bypass Block logic diagram

PB Tag (Hard coded SLD pushbutton)

Lockout/Tagout is a practice and procedure to safeguard employees from unexpected energization or startup of
machinery and equipment, or hazardous energy during service or maintenance activities. If a breaker or disconnect
switch is tagged, the open and close controls are inhibited.
Both remote and local control commands are blocked if the tagged operand BKR# Tag ON, or SW# Tag ON is
active for the selected particular breaker or switch respectively. The breaker or switch is tagged by pressing the
SLD pushbutton Tag. If the selected switching device is tagged, a letter T appears under its symbol. Tagging can be
achieved in local mode using the front panel control from the configurable SLD screens. The Pushbutton Tag logic
diagram shows the tagging logic diagram for a switch. The logic applies to one breaker or switch at the time in the
single line diagram.

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❯✷❱✽✹✻❀❱
▼❲❳❳❨✡❳
❅☞✏❆✎✓❇ ❩ ❬
✵✶✷✸✶✹✺✻✼ ✹✽✷✾✿❀❁ ✁✂ ✡☛☞✌✍☛✎✏✑✒✎✓ ✵✶✷✸✶✹✺✻✼ ✹✽✷✾✿❀❁
❃P✗ ◗❘❙ ❂✓✎✓✕✑✓❇ ✔✏✑✕✖ ▼✏◆ ❄❖❖
❂❚ ◗❘❙ ❂✓✎✓✕✑✓❇ ✗✓✘✓✑✌
✙☛✚✒☞✏☞✑
✄
✵✶✷✸✶✹✺✻✼ ✹✽✷✾✿❀❁
✬✭ ✮✯✰✱✲ ☎✆✝✞✟ ▼✏◆ ❄✡
✩✪✫ ✛✜✢✣✤✣✥✦ ✠
✜✧✦ ✢★✜✤
✁✂ ✳✴

✵✶✷✸✶✹✺✻✼ ✹✽✷✾✿❀❁
❂❃❄ ❅☞✏❆✎✓❇ ❈❉❊❋❉❉●❍■❏❑▲

Figure 226: Pushbutton Tag logic diagram

Note:
The pushbuttons, Tag, Block and Bypass Block are used for both breakers and switches when selected in the SLD. Only one
component at the time can be selected in the SLD.

Note:
Tagging, blocking, or bypassing block can be performed in Local Mode, and only when the component (breaker or switch) is
selected in the SLD. The applied action of tagging, blocking or bypassing block is retained for this component after it’s been
deselected. To change the status of the applied action, the component need be reselected.

Note:
The Local Mode control allows programming of separate pair of PBs for Open and Close commands to breakers and for Open
and Close commands to switches. If desired, one pair of pushbuttons can be programmed for Open and Close commands to
both breakers (contactors) and switches.

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Shows on display banner

SETPOINT LM

Local Mode FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

Off = 0 Local Mode ON

SETTING Local Mode OFF

AND
Select Before Operate
Disabled = 0, Enabled = 1
from Bkr/Sw selection logic FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
SBO Enabled
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BKR1 Selected

AND

AND
SETPOINT
Breaker Local Open

Off=0, Pushbutton # ON =1

869
PB “Local Stop”
PB “BKR Local Open” FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

AND
BKR1 Local Open
from Breaker Control logic

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BKR1 Rem Blk Open
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OPEN command
To Selected BKR1 Trip
BKR1 Rem Blk Open By Setpoints/System/Breakers/
BKR1:
Output
Relay ( Ready = 1)
from Breaker status detection logic

OR
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND BKR 1: Trip Relay Select

AND
BKR1 Opened

from Tagging logic

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Tag ON

from Local Block logic

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Block ON

From Local Bypass Block logic

AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Bypass Block ON
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND

BKR1 Loc Blk Open

SETPOINT
Breaker Local Close FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND

Off=0, Pushbutton # ON =1 BKR1 Loc Blk Open By

PB “BKR Local Close”

AND

AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BKR1 Local Close

PB “Local Start” To Selected BKR 1 Close

869 Setpoints/System/Breakers/ Output
BKR1:
from Breaker Control logic
OR

BKR 1: Close Relay Select

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

AND
BKR1 Rem Blk Close
AND
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
BKR1 Rem Blk Cls By

from Breaker status detection logic

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND

BKR1 Closed

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND

BKR1 Loc Blk Close

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
AND

BKR1 Loc Blk Cls By

850, 845, 889

* The logic shows the local breaker
From “BKR1 Control” menu
control for Breaker 1 with the setpoint
“Select Before Operate” present in the
SETPOINT/CONTROL/BKR 1 CONTROL/CLOSE
SYNC SUPVN BKR1 menu only when the relay is ordered to
support more than one breaker.
From Close Synchrocheck Supervision for
Breaker 1 selected in BKR1 Control menu

The programmed value “Bypass”, “Sync 1 Cls Perm”, or “Sync 2 Cls Perm” for the setpoint “Close
Sync Spvn BKR1” from BKR1 Control menu applies
894200C1

Figure 227: Local Control for breakers

Path: Setpoints > Control > Local Control Mode

For this path the HMI menus vary depending on the order code and the number of breakers selected.

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Chapter 11 - Control

Note:
For relays supporting single breaker control, the SW Local Open and SW Local Close setpoints appear in the menu only if the
relay is ordered with Advanced SLD; and the SELECT BEFORE OPERATE setpoint is enabled. In all other cases, these
setpoints are hidden and inactive.

SELECT BEFORE OPERATE

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled (in most cases, but dependent on order code)
This setpoint is included in the Local Control Mode menu only if the 8 Series relay supports one breaker. This
setpoint is omitted for relays supporting more than one breaker.
When the Select Before Operate (SBO) is disabled, and Local Mode is set, the breaker control can be performed
directly by pressing the corresponding front panel pushbuttons (or those mounted in close proximity to the relay).
No component selection or additional confirmation is needed. The same applies when the breaker control is in
Remote mode.

Note:
When SBO is disabled, all local and remote flags such as blocking, bypassing, and tagging are reset.

Setting the SBO to Enabled enables the navigation and the selection of a component from the SLD, so that the
pushbuttons Open or Close from the front panel (or those mounted in close proximity to the relay) can be used in
Local Mode only after the component is selected. All flags such as blocking, bypassing and tagging can be
initiated during this mode. Blocking and bypassing can also be initiated remotely, when in Remote Mode.

LOCAL MODE
Range: Off, On, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: On or Pushbutton 5 Off
The LOCAL MODE setting places the relay in Local Mode. The relay is in Remote mode, if not forced into Local
mode by this setpoint (i.e. LOCAL MODE is disabled, or the selected input de-asserted). When in Local Mode,
both Breakers and Disconnect switches can be controlled using the faceplate pushbuttons and SLD
pushbuttons.

BKR (CNCT)/SW SELECT TIMEOUT

Range: 1 to 10 min in steps of 1 min
Default: 5 min
This setting specifies the available time for open/close commands, after a breaker or a disconnect switch has
been selected in the single line diagram.

BKR(CONTACTOR) LOCAL OPEN

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Pushbutton 1 ON
This setpoint is active, when Local Mode is activated. The breaker open command can be initiated by the
selected configured pushbutton.

BKR(CONTACTOR) LOCAL CLOSE

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Pushbutton 2 ON

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Chapter 11 - Control

This setpoint is active, when Local Mode is activated. The breaker close command can be initiated by the
selected configured pushbutton.

TAGGING
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled
When enabled, tagging control is enabled and the TAG key is displayed on the front panel interface. When a
breaker or a switch is tagged both the local and remote control of the device is inhibited.

Note:
Tagging is applied only from the TAG key and is mostly used for maintenance purposes, and in general when either the open
or close control must be inhibited. The tagging cannot be bypassed and can only be disabled (untagged) by pressing the TAG
key again.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.6 BREAKER CONTROL

While the Local breaker control is generic as the same front panel pushbuttons are used for control of each selected
breaker from the SLD, the remote breaker control requires programming of setpoints for each individual breaker.
When the relay is in Remote mode (Local Mode set to Off, or the assigned operand de-asserted), the setpoint
REMOTE BLOCK OPEN and REMOTE BLOCK CLOSE from the breaker menu can be used. These setpoints can
be used to provide Interlocking to the breaker control by assigning appropriate operands. The control for each
breaker can be programmed to have Bypass Remote Block Open and Bypass Remote Block Close inputs. These
inputs can be programmed if temporary permission for open or close is required.
The remote breaker open and close controls, as well as the blocking and bypassing the block commands are
executed as per the programmed setpoints form the Breaker Control menu.

Note:
The breaker flags Remote Block Open, Remote Block Close, Bypass Rem Blk Open and Bypass Rem Blk Close are
inhibited, when the setpoint SELECT BEFORE OPERATE residing under Local Control Mode menu is disabled. The breaker
remote open and close commands are operational.

Note:
An additional remote breaker status is available for HMI status only.

Path: Setpoints > Control > Breaker Control > BKR1(X)

REMOTE OPEN
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setting specifies the input which, when asserted, initiates a Trip command to output relay selected to open
the recloser. When the selected input is asserted, the Trip contact is energized and stays energized until the
input drops off, the breaker opens, and the selected Trip seal-in time expires. This setpoint provides the flexibility
to operate the Trip output relay by selecting an operand from the list of FlexLogic operands, contact inputs,
virtual inputs, or remote inputs. For example the operand Trip Bus 1 Op can be selected to activate this output
according to the Trip conditions configured under the Trip Bus 1 menu.

REMOTE CLOSE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setting specifies the input which, when asserted, initiates a Close command to the output relay selected to
close the breaker. This setpoint provides flexibility to operate the output relay by selecting an operand from the
list of FlexLogic operands.

REMOTE BLOCK OPEN

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The assertion of the operand assigned to this setpoint prevents the breaker from opening/tripping.

REMOTE BLOCK CLOSE

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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The assertion of the operand assigned to this setpoint prevents the breaker from closing.

BYPASS REM BLK OPEN

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting specifies selection of an input which when asserted bypasses the asserted remote block open
signal. Open command is permitted for the breaker.

BYPASS REM BLK CLOSE

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting specifies selection of an input which when asserted bypasses the asserted remote block close
signal. Close command is permitted for the breaker.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 11 - Control

Logic diagram
✭✮✯✰ ❞✯✹✴✮✯✺ ❻✯✷✸ ✺✯✻✳✵
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
❸✑✒✜✏ ❹✑✬✍ ✔❺
t
✉
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
❍✜❼ ✔❺

✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
❑✡✔ ➃✖✜➄✏✍✬
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✭✮✯✰ ❡✯✵❁✺ ❞✯✹✴✮✯✺ ❻✯✷✸ ✺✯✻✳✵
→■✑✎ ➣➃✫↔✌↕➙➛ ✕■✑✼✑✒✑✏ ✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎✑✼✍ ✔✕✍✖
➜❏✼➝ ✜✕✕■✑✕■❏✜✼✍ ✔■✫✜✼
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪ ➅➆➇➈➉➊➅➋➈➌➍➎➏➌➐➑➒➓➔➒ ✙ ➎✘
✡☛☞✌ ❸✑✒ ✡✏✓ ✔✕✍✖
✁ ✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪ ✂ ✄▲▼◆❖P◗▼❘❙✄❚❘▼▲❯❙ ❪✯ ✱✸✺✸✵✴✸✷
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎✑✼✍ ✔✕✍✖ t ❱❲▲❳❨▲❲❘❙❱❩★❬❭ ❫❴❵ ❛ ❪✮✳❜
✉ ❂❃❄❅❆ ❇ ❂❃❅❈❆ ❉ ❊❋
✡☛☞✌ ❸✑✒ ✡✏✓ ✔✕✍✖ ✡✛ ✽❝✴❜❝✴
✗✘ ✙ ✚ ✁
✂ ✡☛☞ ✌● ❍■❏✕ ☞✍✏✜✛ ❑✍✏✍✒✼
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪ ✽✾✿❀
✵✯✰✰❁✹✷
✡☛☞✌ ✔✕✍✖✍✬

✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
→■✑✎ ➣➃✫↔✌↕➙➛ ✕■✑✼✑✒✑✏
➜❏✼➝ ✜✕✕■✑✕■❏✜✼✍ ✔■✫✜✼ ✁ ✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎✑✼✍ ✔✕✍✖ s✍■✎
✂
✡✓■✌➞✫✡☞✌➟✡✏✓✔✕✖➟✒✼✏➠✜✏ ➡ ✑✖ t
✉
✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✑✒✓ ✔✕✍✖ ✁
✂
✗✘ ✙ ✚
✁
✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆ ✂
✡☛☞✌ ✡✛✕✜✢ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✓ ✔✕✍✖ ✁
✂
✗✘ ✙ ✚ ✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✓ ✔✕✍✖ ✡✛
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✓ ✔✕✍✖
✭✮✯✰ ❡✯✵❁✺ ❞✯✹✴✮✯✺ ❻✯✷✸ ✺✯✻✳✵ →■✑✎ ➣➃✫↔✌↕➙➛ ✕■✑✼✑✒✑✏
➜❏✼➝ ✜✕✕■✑✕■❏✜✼✍ ✔■✫✜✼
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✡✓■✌➞✫✡☞✌➟s✑✢➟✒✼✏➠✜✏ ➡ ✑✖ ✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✡☛☞✌ ❸✑✒ ✡✏✓ ✫✏✑✢✍
✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆ ✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎✑✼✍ ✫✏✑✢✍
✁
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪ ✂
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎✑✼✍ ✫✏✑✢✍ t
✭✮✯✰ ✉
✡☛☞✌✱✲✳✴✵✶
❸✑✒ ✡✏✓✷✸✴✸✵✴✳✯✹
✫✏✢ ✡✛ ✺✯✻✳✵ ✄▲▼◆❖P◗▼❘❙✄❚❘▼▲❯❙
✗✘ ✙ ✚ ✁ ❱❲▲❳❨▲❲❘❙❱❩★❬❭
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪ ✂
✡☛☞ ✌● ✫✏✑✢✍ ☞✍✏✜✛ ❪✯ ✱✸✺✸✵✴✸✷
✡☛☞✌ ✫✏✑✢✍✬ ❫❴❵ ❛ ❞✺✯❢✸
❞❡✽✱✿ ❑✍✏✍✒✼
→■✑✎ ➣➃✫↔✌↕➙➛ ✕■✑✼✑✒✑✏ ✵✯✰✰❁✹✷ ✽❝✴❜❝✴
➜❏✼➝ ✜✕✕■✑✕■❏✜✼✍ ✔■✫✜✼ ✁
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪ ✂
✡✓■✌➞✫✡☞✌➟✡✏✓✒✏✢➟✒✼✏➠✜✏ ➡ ✑✖ ✁
t ✂ ✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎✑✼✍ ✫✏✑✢✍ s✍■✎
✉

✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✑✒✓ ✫✏✑✢✍ ✁
✂
✗✘ ✙ ✚
✁
✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆ ✂
✡☛☞✌ ✡✛✕✜✢ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✓ ✫✏✢ ✁
✂
✗✘ ✙ ✚

✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✓ ✫✏✢ ✡✛
✣✤☎✥✤✞✦✟✧ ✞✝☎★✩✠✪
✄☎✆✝✞✟✠✆✄ ✡☛☞✌ ☞✍✎ ✡✏✓ ✫✏✑✢✍
✈✇①②③ ②④⑤✈⑥⑦①✈⑥③✈⑧
②⑨⑩⑤ ❶⑧⑦ ❷ ❽❾❿➀ ❽➁❾➀ ❽❽➂
✡✛✕✜✢✢ t
❣ ✉
❑✛✖✒ ✌ ✫✏✢ s✍■✎ ❤
✐

↕➢➤➥➛➦➧➤➟✒✬■
❑✛✖✒ ✌ ✡☛☞ ✫✏✢ s✍■✎
❇❥❦❧♠ ♥❆♦♣q❦❧♣q❃♣r ❊❋

Figure 228: Breaker Control logic diagram

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.7 CONTACTOR CONTROL

The selection for the Breaker or Contactor is available under the Motor Setup menu. The settings and logic for the
Contactor Control described below only apply when the Contactor is selected, and the Control mode is set to
Remote (LOCAL MODE set to OFF, or the selected Local Mode operand de-asserted).

Note:
The Remote Block Open, Remote Block Close, Bypass Rem Blk Open and Bypass Rem Blk Close flags are inhibited,
when the setpoint SELECT BEFORE OPERATE under the Local Control Mode menu is disabled. The breaker remote open
and close commands are still operational.

Figure 229: Switching Device Pushbuttons and Monitor LEDs

Path:Setpoints > Control > Contactor Control > Cnct1 Control

REMOTE OPEN
Range: Off, On, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint is active, when the Local Mode is inactive. The setting specifies the input that when asserted,
initiates a STOP command. When the selected input is asserted, output relay #1 is energized and stays
energized until the input drops off, the breaker (or contactor) opens, and the selected Seal-in time expires. This
setpoint provides flexibility to operate output relay #1 by selecting an operand from the list of FlexLogic
operands, contact inputs, virtual inputs, or remote inputs. For example, the operand Phase OV 1 OP can be
selected to activate output relay #1 according to the operate conditions configured under the Phase OV 1 menu.

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Chapter 11 - Control

REMOTE CLOSE
Range: Off, On, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setpoint is active, when the Local Mode is inactive. This setting specifies the input that when asserted,
initiates a START command. This setpoint provides flexibility to operate the designated output relay by selecting
an operand from the list of FlexLogic operands, contact inputs, virtual inputs, or remote inputs.

Note:
The START command operates Output relay 2 if Setpoint > System > Contactor > Contactor 1 > Close Relay Select is set
to Relay 2.

REMOTE BLOCK OPEN

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The assertion of the operand assigned to this setpoint prevents the contactor from opening (stopping the motor).

REMOTE BLOCK CLOSE

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The assertion of the operand assigned to this setpoint prevents the breaker from closing (starting the motor).

BYPASS REM BLK OPEN

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting specifies selection of an input which when asserted bypasses the asserted remote block open (stop
motor) signal. The Open (Stop motor) command is permitted for the contactor.

BYPASS REM BLK CLOSE

Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
This setting specifies selection of an input which when asserted bypasses the asserted remote block open (stop
motor) signal. The Open (Stop motor) command is permitted for the contactor.

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 11 - Control

❢✩✪✫ ✻✪✴✯✩✪✷ ❏✪✲✳ ✷✪✸✮✰

❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
▲✖✏✚✕ ❍✖★✒ ✘■
❑
▼
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❚✚❛ ✘■

❢✩✪✫ ✻✪✴✯✩✪✷ ❏✪✲✳ ✷✪✸✮✰ ❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧

❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧ ❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓✖✑✒ ✘✙✒✎
❁✔✘ ❞✎✚❡✕✒★

❢✩✪✫ ✼✪✰❝✷ ✻✪✴✯✩✪✷ ❏✪✲✳ ✷✪✸✮✰

❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ▲✖✏ ✔✕✗ ✘✙✒✎ ❙✠✡☛☞✌✍✡
❆◆ ❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓✖✑✒ ✘✙✒✎
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧ ❉ ✘❖❖ ❂ ✵ ❆◆
❉ ❚r✹✙✺✘✙✒✎ ❘✒✕✚❇✶
❈✎✏✑✶ ▲✖✏ ✔✕✗ ✘✙✒✎ ✔❇ ✾❣✿❤
✰✪✫✫❝✴✲
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ✘✙✒✎✒★

❆◆
❉

❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓✖✑✒ ✘✙✒✎ ✐✒r✓
❙✠✡☛☞✌✍✡
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✖✏✗ ✘✙✒✎ ❆◆
❉
✘❖❖ ❂ ✵
❆◆
❙✠✡☛☞✌✍✡ ❉
❈✎✏✑✶ ✔❇✙✚✛ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✗ ✘✙✒✎ ❆◆
❉
✘❖❖ ❂ ✵
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✗ ✘✙✒✎ ✔❇
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✗ ✘✙✒✎

❢✩✪✫ ✼✪✰❝✷ ✻✪✴✯✩✪✷ ❏✪✲✳ ✷✪✸✮✰ ❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧

❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧ ❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓✖✑✒ ❈✕✖✛✒
❈✎✏✑✶ ▲✖✏ ✔✕✗ ❈✕✖✛✒
❆◆
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧ ❉
❙✠✡☛☞✌✍✡
❈✎✏✑✶ ▲✖✏ ✔✕✗ ❈✕✛ ✔❇ ❙P◗❯❱❲❳◗❨❩❙❬❨◗P❭❩ ❃✪ ✬✳✷✳✰✯✳✲
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓✖✑✒ ❈✕✖✛✒
✤❱❳◗❪❫◗❱❴❩✤❱❳◗❪❫◗❱❴❵❜ ✻✪✴✯❝✰✯✪✩❄
✘❖❖ ❂ ✵ ❆◆ ✻✷✪❅✳ ✾❊✯●❊✯
❢✩✪✫ ✬✭✮✯✰✱ ✲✳✯✳✰✯✮✪✴ ✷✪✸✮✰
❉ ❈✎✏✑✶❀ ❈✕✖✛✒ ❘✒✕✚❇ ❁✒✕✒✏✑
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧ ✻✼✾✬✿
❈✎✏✑✶ ❈✕✖✛✒★ ✰✪✫✫❝✴✲

❆
◆
❉
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓✖✑✒ ❈✕✖✛✒ ✐✒r✓
❙✠✡☛☞✌✍✡
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✖✏✗ ❈✕✖✛✒ ❆◆
❉
✘❖❖ ❂ ✵ ❆◆
❙✠✡☛☞✌✍✡ ❉
❆◆
❈✎✏✑✶ ✔❇✙✚✛ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✗ ❈✕✛ ❉
✘❖❖ ❂ ✵

❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✗ ❈✕✛ ✔❇
❋✜✠✢✜☞✣✌✤ ☞☛✠✥✦✍✧
❈✎✏✑✶ ❘✒✓ ✔✕✗ ❈✕✖✛✒

✽ ✁✂ ✁✄☎✆✝✞✟

Figure 230: Contactor Control logic diagram

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.8 VIRTUAL INPUT CONTROL

Path: Setpoints > Control > Virtual Input Control

FORCE VIRTUAL INPUT 1 (64)

Range: Off, On
Default: Off
The states of up to 64 Virtual Inputs are changed here. The current or selected status of the Virtual Input is also
shown here. The status is a state OFF (logic 0) or ON (logic 1). If the corresponding Virtual Input selected under
Setpoints/Inputs/Virtual Inputs is set to Latched, the ON command initiated from this menu stays on and the
status of this Virtual Input is also on until the OFF command is received. If the Virtual Input type is Self-Reset,
the command and status of this Virtual Input reverts to OFF after one evaluation of the FlexLogic equations.

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.9 TRIP BUS

Note:
Output Relays configured for Recloser operation are under the Trip Close Logic. Setpoints under Trip Bus are not applicable
to the output relays set under Trip Close Logic.

The relay provides six identical Trip Bus elements. The Trip Bus element allows aggregating outputs of protection,
control elements, inputs without using FlexLogic and assigning them in a simple and effective manner. Each Trip
Bus can be assigned to trip, alarm or the other logic actions. Simple trip conditioning such as latch, delay, and seal-
in delay are available.
Path: Setpoints > Control > Trip Bus 1(X)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Note: Relays with firmware version 4 and later have a Latched Trip option
Default: Disabled
Output relay #1, “Trip”, will operate only when the Trip or Latched Trip function is selected and the Trip Bus X
operates. If Latched Trip function is selected, the output relay will be ON even after the input conditions are
cleared until reset command is issued. The “ALARM” LED will not turn on if the Trip Bus X operates when set to
Trip or Latched Trip.
When the Alarm function is selected and the Trip Bus X operates, the “ALARM” LED will flash and will self-reset
when the operating conditions are cleared.
When the Latched Alarm function is selected, and the Trip Bus X operates, the “ALARM” LED will flash during
the Trip Bus X operating condition, and will be lit steadily after the conditions are cleared. The “ALARM” LED can
be cleared by issuing a Reset command.
The output relay #1,“Trip”, will not operate if the Latched Alarm or Alarm setting is selected. The Output relay #1
can be configured to operate using the Trip Bus X output operands and the FlexLogic.
When the Configurable function is selected, neither the Trip output, nor the “ALARM” LED will turn on
automatically. These must be configured using their own menus and FlexLogic operands.

INPUT 1 to 16
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
These settings select a FlexLogic operand to be assigned as an input to the Trip Bus.

LATCHING
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Disabled
The setting enables or disables latching of the Trip Bus output. This is typically used when lockout is required or
user acknowledgement of the relay response is required.
When the NV Latch is enabled using this setting, the PKP operand remains latched after the input trip condition
becomes false, and PKP Delay timer continues to run. The Trip Bus operates once the Pickup Delay timer
elapses to zero. Both the PKP and OP signals, along with the assigned output relay, will remain latched until the
operand configured under the Reset setting becomes true.
It is important to clarify that the NV Latch is distinct from the Trip/Alarm Latched functionality specified under
setting Function. The NV Latch holds both PKP and OP signals, including the output relay, whereas Trip/Alarm

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Chapter 11 - Control

Latch is applicable only to output signals, specifically Trip Bus OP and the assigned output relay. The Trip/Alarm
Latch resets upon the initiation of the Reset command via the Reset button located on the front panel or through
Device\Resetting. However, the NV Latch has a specific resetting input configured under the RESET setting.
If both the Trip/Alarm Latched Function and NV Latching are not required simultaneously, either the Function
setting should be configured to Trip/Alarm rather than Latched Trip/Alarm, or NV Latching should be disabled.

RESET
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The trip bus output is reset when the operand assigned to this setting is asserted.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled
Default: Self-reset

Note:
The Any Trip operand must not be programmed as an input for the Trip Bus function.

Note:
When Trip Bus is programmed as Latched Trip, multiple resets are required to clear the trip

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Chapter 11 - Control

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Any Trip
SETPOINT
LED: TRIP 8S: To operate Output Relay
FUNCTION:
AND
1(TRIP)
Disabled Configurable in 845 & 859
OR

Trip

Figure 231: Trip Bus logic diagram

S
Latched Trip
AND

LATCH
Alarm

OR
R
Latched Alarm
LED: ALARM
Configurable
AND

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
OR

Any Alarm
SETPOINTS
S
AND

TRIP BUS 1
BLOCK : LATCH SETPOINT
Off = 0 R Output Relay X

AND
Command
SETPOINTS RESET Do Not Operate, Operate
SETPOINTS TRIP BUS 1
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
TRIP BUS 1 PICKUP DELAY:
NON VOLATILE Trip Bus 1 OP
OR

INPUT 1: S TRIP BUS 1

Off = 0 DROPOUT DELAY:
LATCH tPKP
SETPOINTS tDPO
TRIP BUS 1 SET-
DOMINANT
INPUT 2: R
LED:
Off = 0
PICKUP

OR
...
FlexLogic Operands
... Trip Bus 1 PKP
SETPOINTS
TRIP BUS 1
INPUT 16:
Off = 0

SETPOINTS
TRIP BUS 1
LATCHING:
Disabled = 0

SETPOINTS

OR
TRIP BUS 1
RESET:
Disabled = 0
✝✆✂☎✄✂✁

537
Chapter 11 - Control

11.10 BREAKER FAILURE (50BF)

The Breaker Failure element determines that a breaker signaled to Trip has not cleared a fault within a definite time.
The Breaker Failure scheme must trip all breakers that can supply current to the faulted zone. Operation of a
breaker Failure element causes clearing of a larger section of the power system than the initial Trip. Because
Breaker Failure can result in tripping a large number of breakers and this can affect system safety and stability, a
very high level of security is required.
The Breaker Failure function monitors phase and neutral currents and/or status of the breaker while the protection
trip or external initiation command exists. If Breaker Failure is declared, the function operates the selected output
relays, forces the autoreclose scheme to lockout and raises FlexLogic operands.
The operation of a Breaker Failure element consists of three stages: initiation, determination of a Breaker Failure
condition, and outputs.

Initiation of a Breaker Failure

The protection signals initially sent to the breaker or external initiation (FlexLogic operand that initiates Breaker
Failure) initiates the Breaker Failure scheme. The initiating signal should be sealed-in if primary fault detection can
reset before the breaker failure timers have finished timing. The seal-in is supervised by current level, so it is reset
when the fault is cleared. If required, an incomplete sequence seal-in reset can be implemented by using the
initiating operand to initiate a FlexLogic timer, set longer than any breaker failure time, with the output operand
selected to block the breaker failure scheme.
When the scheme is initiated, it sends a Trip signal after a pick-up delay, to the breaker initially signaled to Trip (this
feature is usually described as re-trip). This reduces the possibility of widespread tripping that can result from a
declaration of a failed breaker.

Determination of a Breaker Failure condition

The schemes determine a Breaker Failure condition supervised by one of the following:
● Current supervision only
● Breaker status only
● Both (current and breaker status)
Each type of supervision is equipped with a time delay, after which a failed breaker is declared and Trip signals are
sent to all breakers required to clear the zone. The delays are associated with breaker failure timers 1, 2, and 3.
Timer 1 logic is supervised by current level only. If fault current is detected after the delay interval, an output is
issued. The continued presence of current indicates that the breaker has failed to interrupt the circuit. This logic
detects a breaker that opens mechanically but fails to interrupt fault current.
Timer 2 logic is supervised by both current supervision and breaker status. If the breaker is still closed (as indicated
by the auxiliary contact) and fault current is detected after the delay interval, an output is issued.
Timer 3 logic is supervised by a breaker auxiliary contact only. There is no current level check in this logic as it is
intended to detect low magnitude faults. External logic may be created to include control switch contact used to
indicate that the breaker is in out-of-service mode, disabling this logic when the breaker is out-of-service for
maintenance.
Timer 1 and 2 logic provide two levels of current supervision - high-set and low-set - that allow the supervision level
to change (for example: from a current which flows before a breaker inserts an opening resistor into the faulted
circuit to a lower level after resistor insertion). The high-set detector is enabled after the timeout of timer 1 or 2,
along with a timer low-set delay that enables the low-set detector after its delay interval. The delay interval between
high-set and low-set is the expected breaker opening time. Both current detectors provide a fast operating time for
currents at small multiples of the Pickup value. The overcurrent detectors are required to operate after the Breaker
Failure delay interval to eliminate the need for very fast resetting overcurrent detectors.

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Outputs
The outputs from the schemes are:
● Re-trip of the protected breaker
● FlexLogic operand that reports on the operation of the portion of the scheme where high-set or low-set
current supervision is used
● FlexLogic operand that reports on the operation of the portion of the scheme where 52b status supervision is
used only
● FlexLogic operand that initiates tripping required to clear the faulted zone. The Breaker Failure output can be
sealed-in for an adjustable period
● Target message indicating a failed breaker has been declared.

11.10.1 BREAKER FAILURE SETUP

Path: Setpoints > Control > Breaker Failure > BF1(X) > BF1(X) Setup

FUNCTION
Range (3.xx): Disabled, Retrip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Range (4.10): Disabled, Retrip, Latched Retrip, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled
When a Retrip function is selected and Breaker Failure is initiated (with re-trip current supervision), the output
relay Trip operates but the alarm LED does not turn on.

SIGNAL INPUT (not used in 859)

Range: dependent upon the order code
Default: CT Bank 1-J1

USE SEAL-IN
Range: Yes, No
Default: Yes
If set to Yes, the element will only be initiated if current flowing through the breaker is above the supervision
pickup level.

PH RETRIP SUPERV PICKUP

Range: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
The setpoint specifies the phase current Retrip level, which when exceeded after Breaker Failure initiation, will
re-trip its own breaker. The setting is set to detect the lowest expected fault current on the protected circuit.

NTRL RETRIP SUPERV PICKUP

Range: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
This setpoint specifies the neutral current Retrip level, which when exceeded after Breaker Failure initiation, will
Retrip its own breaker. The setting detects the lowest expected fault current on the protected circuit. Neutral
Retrip current supervision is used to provide increased sensitivity.

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Chapter 11 - Control

RETRIP PICKUP DELAY

Range: 00.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.033 s
This setting specifies a pickup delay for the re-trip command. This delay should be set longer than the possible
spurious contact input activation duration due to transients or temporary dc grounds by taking the contact input
de-bounce time into account. This will avoid re-trip operation for such transients.

SUPERVISION
Range: Current, 52b & Current, 52b
Default: Current
The setpoint specifies the type of supervision of the Breaker Failure element. There are three options: current
only, breaker status only, or both.

BREAKER CLOSED
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand (auxiliary switch contact) to indicate that the circuit breaker is closed.

T1 PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.120 s
The setting provides a delay for Timer 1 logic which is supervised with current supervision only. The timer is set
to the expected opening time of the circuit breaker, plus a safety margin intended to overcome the relay
measurement and timing errors as well as relay processing time and current supervision reset time. In a
microprocessor relay this time is not significant. The current magnitude ramps-down to zero in ¾ of a power
cycle after the current is interrupted.

Note:
In bulk oil circuit breakers, the interrupting time for currents less than 25% of the interrupting rating can be significantly longer
than the normal interrupting time.

T2 PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.120 s
The setting provides a delay for Timer 2 logic which is supervised with current supervision and breaker status
(52b indication). The timer is set to the expected opening time of the circuit breaker, plus a safety margin
intended to overcome the relay measurement and timing errors, relay processing time, current supervision reset
time, and the time required for the breaker auxiliary contact to open.

T3 PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.120 s
The setting provides a delay for Timer 3 logic which is supervised with breaker status only (52b indication). The
timer is set to the expected opening time of the circuit breaker, plus a safety margin intended to overcome the
relay timing errors, and the time required for the breaker auxiliary contact to open.

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Chapter 11 - Control

PHASE HIGHSET PICKUP

Range: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
The setpoint specifies the phase current output supervision level. The setting detects the lowest expected fault
current on the protected circuit.

NEUTRAL HIGHSET PICKUP

Range: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
The setpoint specifies the neutral current output supervision level. The setting detects the lowest expected fault
current on the protected circuit. Neutral current supervision is used to provide increased sensitivity.

LOWSET DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000 s
The setting provides the lowest current supervision Pickup. The setting is used in applications where a change in
supervision current level is required (for example: breakers with opening resistors).
The lowest delay (interval between high-set and low-set) is the expected breaker opening time.

PHASE LOWSET PICKUP

Range: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
The setpoint specifies the phase current output supervision level. The setting detects the lowest expected fault
current on the protected circuit where significant change in current level is expected (for example: breakers with
opening resistors).

NEUTRAL LOWSET PICKUP

Range: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 1.000 x CT
The setpoint specifies the neutral current output supervision level. The setting detects the lowest expected fault
current on the protected circuit where significant change in current level is expected (for example: breakers with
opening resistors). Neutral current supervision is used to provide increased sensitivity.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.100 s
The setting is used to set the period of time for which the Breaker Fail output is sealed-in. This timer must be
coordinated with the automatic reclosing scheme of the failed breaker, to which the Breaker Failure element
sends a cancel reclosure signal. Reclosure of a remote breaker can also be prevented by holding a transfer Trip
signal on for longer than the reclaim time.

BLOCK
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

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OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

11.10.2 INITIATE
Path: Setpoints > Control > Breaker Failure 1(X) > BF1(X) Initiate

EXTERNAL INITIATE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand that initiates the Breaker Failure scheme; typically the trip signals
from external devices.

Note:
The trip signals from internal protection functions may be used with the help of FlexLogic, but for easier setting the Breaker
Failure function is provided with a BF1 INITIATE submenu.

INITIATE IN1(15)
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Ph TOC 1 OP
The setpoint selects the FlexLogic operand that initiates the Breaker Failure scheme; typically the trip signals
from internal protection functions.

Logic diagram

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Chapter 11 - Control

LED:
AND

ALARM
OR

S
SETPOINTS SETPOINTS
LATCH # 1
AND

BF 1 OUTPUT RELAYS
Command Set-
FUNCTION: Dominant Do Not Operate, Operate

Disabled RESET R
FlexLogic Operands
Alarm
OR

BF1 OP
Latched Alarm
Re-trip

OR
Latched Re-trip
Configurable

SETPOINTS
BF1

AND
BLOCK :

Figure 232: Breaker Failure logic diagram

Off = 0 LED: TRIP

SETPOINTS
AND

SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS BF1 PH RETRIP BF1 FlexLogic Operand
OR

SUPERV PICKUP: RETRIP PKP DELAY:

OR
AND
BF1 INITIATE: BF1 Retrip
tPKP
OR

BF1 NTRL RETRIP SUPERV

AND

EXTERNAL INITIATE 0 S
PICKUP:
LATCH # 1
AND

INITIATE IN1 RUN

OR Command Set-
IA > PICKUP Dominant
... RESET R
RUN
INITIATE IN15
IB > PICKUP
SETPOINTS

OR
RUN

AND
SETPOINTS
BF1 Setpoints/System/Breakers/
BF1 IC > PICKUP
PHASE HIGHSET PICKUP: BKR1: 845 & 889 &
USE SEAL-IN: RUN 859 only
IN > PICKUP BF1
YES = 1 BKR 1: Trip Relay Select
NTRL HIGHSET PICKUP:
NO = 0 RUN
IA > PICKUP
RUN
IB > PICKUP
OR

RUN
SETPOINTS
SETPOINTS IC > PICKUP
IA SIGNAL INPUT:
RUN
IB BF1 FlexLogic Operands
T1 PICKUP DELAY: IN > PICKUP
IC CT Bank 1 - J1 BF1 Highset OP
t1PKP SETPOINTS BF1
IN

AND
0 PHASE LOWSET PICKUP: BF1 Lowset OP
BF1
USED ONLY IN 845 & 889 LOWSET DELAY: BF1
SETPOINTS NTRL LOWSET PICKUP:
tLOW
SETPOINTS RUN
OR

BF1 0
BF1 SETPOINTS
T2 PICKUP DELAY: IA > PICKUP
SUPERVISION: BF1
t2PKP RUN
DROPOUT DELAY:

AND
Current 0
IB > PICKUP
52b& Current 0
OR
OR

RUN TDPO
52b
IC > PICKUP
RUN
SETPOINTS
IN > PICKUP
BF1
SETPOINT T3 PICKUP DELAY: FlexLogic Operands
BF1 t3PKP
BF1 52b Superv OP
AND

BREAKER CLOSED: 0
Off = 0

894067C1.vsdx

543
Chapter 11 - Control

11.11 VT FUSE FAILURE (VTFF)

The VT Fuse Failure detector can be used to raise an alarm and/or block elements that may operate incorrectly for
a full or partial loss of AC potential caused by one or more blown fuses. Some elements that might be blocked (via
the BLOCK input) are voltage restrained overcurrent, directional current, power functions. This loss can be caused
by a blown primary voltage transformer fuse (or fuses), or by voltage transformer secondary circuit protection fuse
failure.
There are two classes of fuse failure that may occur:
1. Class A: loss of one or two phases
2. Class B: loss of all three phases.
Different means of detection are required for each class. An indication of a Class A failure is a significant level of
negative sequence voltage, whereas an indication of a Class B failure is the presence of positive sequence current
and an insignificant amount of positive sequence voltage. These noted indications of fuse failure could also be
present when faults are present on the system, so a means of detecting faults and inhibiting fuse failure
declarations during these events is provided.
Once the fuse failure condition is declared, it is sealed-in until the cause that generated it disappears. An additional
condition is introduced to inhibit a fuse failure declaration when the monitored circuit is de-energized: positive
sequence voltage and current are both below threshold levels.
The settings of this function are applied to three-phase voltage input (supervised with positive, negative and zero
sequence current components) to produce an Operate flag.
This function also provides detection of the VT neutral wire open condition using the third harmonic content in the
3V0 (i.e. Va+Vb+Vc) signal. Under neutral wire open condition, 3V0 contains small fundamental content under
balance load condition but contains significant 3rd harmonic contents regardless of the load condition (balance or
imbalance).

11.11.1 VT FUSE FAILURE SETTINGS

Path: Setpoints > Control > VT Fuse Failure 1 (2)

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Alarm, Latched Alarm, Configurable
Default: Disabled

TIME DELAY
Range: 0 to 60000 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
This setting can be used to avoid fuse failure detection in the case of sudden loss of voltage when the current is
zero (breaker remains in open condition) and the transient negative sequence voltage appears. This setting
should be used where the VT is on the Bus side, in which case the relay may detect voltage loss when the
breaker is open.

Operate Delay:
Range: 1 to 10 sec in steps of 1 sec
Default: 5 Sec
This setting determines the operate time-delay upon detection of a VTS condition.

VT Ntrl Wire Det

Range: Disabled, Enabled

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Chapter 11 - Control

Default: Disabled
This setting enables and disables the VT neutral wire open detection function. When the VT is connected in
Delta, do not enable this function because there is no neutral wire for Delta connected VT.

VT Ntrl Wire PKP

Range: 0.0 to 100.0% in steps of 0.1 %
Default: 10.0 %
This setting specifies the pickup level of 3rd harmonic of 3V0 signal for the VT neutral wire open detection logic
to pick up. % is calculated based on the Phase VT Secondary

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Operate, Do Not Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

EVENTS
Range: Enabled, Disabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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✪

✦
★✩ ✧
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✦ ❘❙❚❯❱❲❱P
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❘❙❚❯❱❲❱P
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✞☛✝✄✁☞✌✝ ★✩ ✞☛✝✄✁☞✌✝✞
✟✒ ✓✏❝✎✒ ✁✂✄☎✆☎✝✁✆✞ ✪ ✔✎✒❝✎✒ ✸❤✫✣✐❥
✞☛✝✄✁☞✌✝ ✦
✸✎✏ ✦ ✧ ✖❳ ✏❳✬ ✔❢✜✤✙✬✜❣ ✔❢✜✤✙✬✜
❝✮ ✟✒ ①❨②❜ ③ ④✡ ✟✠✡ ✒✗✥✜ ✖✜✛✙❞ ✧
✯✰✱ ✲ ✳✴✵✳ ✶✴✷✴ t✉◆✈ ❊
✦ ✒✖ ★✩ t❍✇●✉q✈
⑤❈⑥⑦ ⑧❅⑨ ⑩❶❷ ❇❈❉ ⑩⑩❸ ✸✎✏ ✧ ●❍■❏❑ ▲ s
✟✠❜ ❡ ✪ ❪❫☛❴❫✁❵☞ ✁✄☛✆☎✌❛✞
✯✰✵ ❦ ✳✴✳❧ ✶✴✷✴ ★✩ q❖r❖P◗
✪ ❘❙❚❯❱❲❱P ✟✒ ✍❭✘✜ ✍✙✗✛ ❜ ✔❝
✸✎✏ ❋
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✸✎✏ ✝☞✂☛✆
✯✰✵ ❦ ✳✴♦✳ ✶✴✷✴ ★✩
✪ ✡ ✭❞✭
✸✎✏ ✡❡ ✭❞✭
♠✰✵ ❦ ✳✴✳❧ ✶✴✷✴

★✩
✪
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★✩
✪

★✩
✪ ✟✒ ✍❭✘✜ ❜ ✟ ✫❳✘✘
✸✎✏
✓✠❜ ➁♠ ✰✵➁ ➂ ➁♠✰✵➃➁ ✲ ✳✴✳➄ ✶✴✷✴
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✓✠✡ ➁♠ ✰✱➁ ➂ ➁♠✰✱➃➁ ✲ ✳✴✳➄ ✶✴✷✴
✑✒ ①❨②❜ ③ ④❜ ✸✎✏
✓✠❡ ➁♠ ✰✳➁ ➂ ➁♠✰✳➃➁ ✲ ✳✴✳➄ ✶✴✷✴
❹❅❺ ❇❻❇❼⑥❇❽⑥❾ ⑧❅⑨ ⑩❿❸ ➀ ⑩❶❸ ➅➆➇➈➇ ➉➊ ➋➌ ➍ ➎➏➎➐➇➌ ➑➐➒ ➓➔→→➣↔✣❜↕✭✢✤

Figure 233: VT Fuse Failure logic diagram

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Chapter 11 - Control

11.12 DIGITAL ELEMENTS

The 8Series has 64 identical digital elements available. A digital element can monitor any FlexLogic operand and
present a target message and enable events recording depending on the output operand state. The digital element
settings include:
● a name to be referenced in any target message
● a blocking input from any selected FlexLogic operand
● a timer for pickup and reset delays for the output operand
Digital elements run once per power system cycle. As such they can easily fail to react to an input signal or a block
signal with a duration less than one power system cycle. This also means that digital element output can react up to
one power system cycle later than the pickup and reset delay settings indicate. Therefore, do no use digital
elements:
● with transient signals, such as communications commands.
● where random delays of up to one cycle cannot be tolerated, such as in high speed protection.

Example : Trip circuit integrity monitoring

In many applications it is desirable to monitor the breaker trip circuit integrity such that problems can be detected
before a trip operation is required. The circuit is considered to be healthy when the voltage monitor connected
across the trip output contact detects a low level of current (Contact output voltage is not zero), well below the
operating current of the breaker trip coil. If the circuit presents a high resistance, the trickle current falls below the
monitor threshold, and an alarm is declared.
In most breaker control circuits, the trip coil is connected in series with a breaker auxiliary contact, which is open
when the breaker is open. To prevent unwanted alarms in this situation, the trip circuit monitoring logic must include
the breaker position.
Assume that output 1 is a trip contact. Using the output settings, this output is given an ID name; for example, Cont
Op 1. Assume a 52a breaker auxiliary contact is connected to contact input 1 to monitor breaker status (Block when
contact input 1 is OFF).
Using the contact input settings, this input is given a name, for example, CI 1, and is set On when the breaker is
closed. The function is blocked when breaker is open, i.e. CI 1 is Off. The settings to use digital element 1 to
monitor the breaker trip circuit are shown below:

SETTING PARAMETER
Function Enabled
Name Bkr Trip Cct Out
Input Cont Op 1
Pickup Delay 0.200 s
Dropout Delay 0.100 s
Relays Relay : Disabled
Block CI 1 Off
Target Self-Reset
Events Enabled

NAME
Range : 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: Digital Elem1

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Chapter 11 - Control

Assign a user-defined name to the Digital Element. This Name is used In Flexlogic operands, Target messages,
a blocking input from any selected flexlogic operands, and a timer for pickup and reset delays for the output
operands.

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Latched Trip, Alarm, Latched Alarm or Configurable
Default: Disabled

INPUT
Range : Off, Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
Selects a FlexLogic operand to be monitored by the digital element.

PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000
Sets the required time delay from element pickup to element operation. If a pickup
delay is not required, set to "0.000," To avoid nuisance alarms, set the delay greater than the operating time of
the breaker.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000
Sets the dropout time delay to reset. If a reset delay is not required, set to “0.000.”

OUTPUT RELAY X
Range: Do Not Operate, Operate
Default: Do Not Operate

BLOCK
Range: FlexLogic operand
Default: Off

EVENTS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Enabled

TARGETS
Range: Disabled, Self-reset, Latched
Default: Self-reset

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Chapter 11 - Control

SETPOINT
FUNCTION:
FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
Disabled=0 Any Trip
Trip
LED: TRIP

AND
Latched Trip
To Trip Output Relay

OR
Alarm

OR
Latched Alarm
Configurable
S

AND
LATCH
SETPOINT
SETPOINT SETPOINT R
PICKUP DELAY
LED: ALARM

AND

AND
BLOCK NAME
DROPOUT DELAY
Off=0 RUN FLEXLOGIC OPERAND
tPKP

OR
tRST Any Alarm
INPUT = 1

AND
SETPOINT S
INPUT LATCH SETPOINT
Any FlexLogic Operand
Command R Output Relay X
RESET Do Not Operate, Operate

FLEXLOGIC OPERAND

OR
DIG ELEM 1 OP

892794C1 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS

DIG ELEM 1 PKP

Figure 234: Digital Elements logic

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CHAPTER 12

FLEXLOGIC
Chapter 12 - Flexlogic

12.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the FlexLogic and Testing setpoints. FlexLogic setpoints provide access to the variable logic
used with the relay. Testing setpoints include simulated current and voltage inputs, and test operations for LEDs,
input contacts, and output relays.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 550
FlexLogic 551

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12.2 FLEXLOGIC
To provide maximum flexibility, the arrangement of internal digital logic combines fixed and user-programmed
parameters. Logic upon which individual features are designed is fixed, and all other logic, from digital input signals
through elements or combinations of elements to digital outputs, is variable. The user has complete control of all
variable logic through FlexLogic. In general, the system receives analog and digital inputs, which then uses
FlexLogic to produce analog and digital outputs.

Note:
For information on the Logic Designer and Logic Monitor menu items, refer to the EnerVista D & I Setup help menu.

Setpoints
Device
System
Inputs Timers
Outputs Non-volatile Latches
Protection FlexLogic Equation
Monitoring Logic Designer
Control Logic Monitor
Flexlogic FlexElements
Testing 894532B1
Figure 235: FlexLogic Display Hierarchy

The states of all digital signals are represented by flags (FlexLogic operands). A digital 1 is represented by a Set
flag. Any external contact change-of-state can be used to block an element from operating, as an input to a control
feature in a FlexLogic equation, or to operate an output relay. The state of the contact input can be displayed locally
or viewed remotely via the communications facilities provided. In a simple scheme where a contact input is used to
block an element is desired, this selection is made within the menu of the element. This applies to other features
that set flags: elements, virtual inputs, remote inputs, schemes, and human operators.
When more complex logic than the one presented above is required, the FlexLogic tool should be used. For
example, if it is desired to block the operation of a Phase Time Overcurrent element by the closed state of a contact
input, and the operated state of a Phase Undervoltage element, the two input states need be programmed in a
FlexLogic equation. This equation ANDs the two inputs to produce a virtual output which then must be programmed
within the menu of the Phase Time Overcurrent as a blocking input. Virtual outputs can be created only by
FlexLogic equations.
Traditionally, protective relay logic has been relatively limited. Any unusual applications involving interlocks,
blocking, or supervisory functions had to be hard-wired using contact inputs and outputs. FlexLogic minimizes the
requirement for auxiliary components and wiring while making more complex schemes possible.
The logic that determines the interaction of inputs, elements, schemes and outputs is field programmable through
the use of logic equations that are sequentially processed. The use of virtual inputs and outputs in addition to
hardware is available internally and on the communication ports for other relays to use (distributed FlexLogic).
FlexLogic allows customization of the relay through a series of equations that consist of operators and operands.
The operands are the states of inputs, elements, schemes and outputs. The operators are logic gates, timers and
latches (with set and reset inputs). A system of sequential operations allows any combination of specified operands
to be assigned, as inputs to specified operators, to create an output. The final output of an equation is a numbered
register called a ‘Virtual Output’. Virtual Outputs can be used as an input operand in any equation, including the
equation that generates the output, as a seal-in or other type of feedback.

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A FlexLogic equation consists of parameters that are either operands or operators. Operands have a logic state of 1
or 0. Operators provide a defined function, such as an AND gate or a Timer. Each equation defines the
combinations of parameters to be used to set a Virtual Output flag. Evaluation of an equation results in either a 1
(=ON, i.e. flag set) or 0 (=OFF, i.e. flag not set). Each equation is evaluated at least 4 times during every power
system cycle.
Some types of operands are present in the relay in multiple instances; e.g. contact and remote inputs. These types
of operands are grouped together (for presentation purposes only) on the faceplate display. The characteristics of
the different types of operands are listed in the table below.

FlexLogic Operands

FlexOperand 859 420

The following operands can be re-named if required

● Breakers in the breaker control feature
● ID (identification) of contact inputs
● ID of virtual inputs
● ID of virtual outputs.
● If the default name or ID of any of these operands are changed, the assigned name appears in the relay list
of operands.

FlexLogic Operators
TYPE SYNTAX DESCRIPTION NOTES
Editor INSERT Insert a parameter in an
equation list.
DELETE Delete a parameter from an
equation list.
End END The first END encountered
signifies the last entry in the list
of processed FlexLogic™
parameters.
One-shot POSITIVE ONE SHOT One shot that responds to a A ‘one shot’ refers to a single
positive going edge. input gate that generates a pulse
NEGATIVE ONE SHOT One shot that responds to a response to an edge on the
negative going edge. input. The output from a ‘one
shot’ is True (positive) for only
DUAL ONE SHOT One shot that responds to both one pass through the FlexLogic
the positive and negative going equation. There is a maximum of
edges. 64 ‘one shots’.

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TYPE SYNTAX DESCRIPTION NOTES

Logic gate NOT Logical NOT Operates on the previous
parameter.
OR(2)↓ OR(16) 2 input OR gate↓ 16 input OR Operates on the 2 previous
gate parameters.↓Operates on the 16
previous parameters.
AND(2)↓ AND(16) 2 input AND gate↓ 16 input Operates on the 2 previous
AND gate parameters. ↓Operates on the
16 previous parameters.
NOR(2)↓ NOR(16) 2 input NOR gate↓ 16 input Operates on the 2 previous
NOR gate parameters. ↓Operates on the
16 previous parameters.
NAND(2)↓ NAND(16) 2 input NAND gate↓ 16 input Operates on the 2 previous
NAND gate parameters. ↓Operates on the
16 previous parameters.
XOR(2) 2 input Exclusive OR gate Operates on the 2 previous
parameters.
LATCH (S,R) Latch (set, reset): reset- The parameter preceding
dominant LATCH(S,R) is the reset input.
The parameter preceding the
reset input is the set input.
Timer TIMER 1↓ TIMER 32 Timer set with FlexLogic™ timer The timer is started by the
1 settings.↓ Timer set with preceding parameter. The output
FlexLogic™ timer 32 settings. of the timer is TIMER #.
Assign virtual output = Virt Op 1↓ = Virt Op 32 Assigns previous FlexLogic™ The virtual output is set by the
operand to virtual output 1.↓ preceding parameter
Assigns previous FlexLogic™
operand to virtual output 96.
The characteristics of the logic gates are tabulated below, and the operators available in FlexLogic are listed in the
FlexLogic operators table.

FlexLogic Gate Characteristics

GATES NUMBER OF INPUTS OUTPUT IS 1 (= ON) IF...
NOT 1 input is ‘0’
OR 2 to 16 any input is ‘1’
AND 2 to 16 all inputs are ‘1’
NOR 2 to 16 all inputs are ‘0’
NAND 2 to 16 any input is ‘0’

XOR 2 only one input is ‘1’

FLEXLOGIC RULES
When forming a FlexLogic equation, the sequence in the linear array of parameters must follow these general rules:
● Operands must precede the operator which uses the operands as inputs.
● Operators have only one output. The output of an operator must be used to create a Virtual Output if it is to
be used as an input to two or more operators.
● Assigning the output of an operator to a Virtual Output terminates the equation.
● A timer operator (for example, TIMER 1) or Virtual Output assignment may only be used once. If this rule is
broken, a syntax error will be declared.

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FLEXLOGIC EVALUATION
● Each equation is evaluated in the order in which the parameters have been entered.
● FlexLogic provides latches which by definition have a memory action, remaining in the set state after the set
input has been asserted. However, they are volatile; that is, they reset on the re-application of control power.
● When making changes to settings, all FlexLogic equations are re-compiled whenever any new setting value
is entered, so all latches are automatically reset. If it is necessary to re-initialize FlexLogic during testing, for
example, it is suggested to power the unit down then back up.

12.2.1 TIMERS
Path: Setpoints > FlexLogic > Timers
There are 32 identical FlexLogic timers available. These timers can be used as operators for FlexLogic equations.

TIMER 1 TYPE
Range: Milliseconds, Seconds, Minutes
Default: Milliseconds
The setpoint is used to select the time measuring unit.

TIMER 1 MODE
Range: Pickup, Dropoff, Dwell, Pulse, Pickup/Dropoff,
Default: Pickup

TIMER 1 PICKUP DELAY

Range: 0 to 60000 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
The setpoint sets the time delay to Pickup. If a Pickup delay is not required, set this function to “0”.
This setting is used to set the time delay for Pickup, Dwell, Pulse and Pickup/Dropoff.

TIMER 1 DROPOUT DELAY

Range: 0 to 60000 s in steps of 1 s
Default: 0 s
The setpoint sets the time delay to Dropout. If a Dropout delay is not required, set this function to “0”.
This setting is used to set the drop-off time delay for Dropoff, Pickup/Dropoff.

12.2.2 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES

The purpose of a Non-volatile Latch is to provide a permanent logical flag that is stored safely and does not reset
when the relay reboots after being powered down. Typical applications include sustaining operator commands or
permanently blocking relay functions such as Autorecloser, until a deliberate HMI action resets the latch.
Operation of the element is summarized in the following table:
LATCH 1 TYPE LATCH 1 SET LATCH 1 RESET LATCH 1 ON LATCH 1 OFF
Reset Dominant On Off On Off
Off Off Previous State Previous State
On On Off On
Off

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LATCH 1 TYPE LATCH 1 SET LATCH 1 RESET LATCH 1 ON LATCH 1 OFF

Set Dominant On Off On Off
On
Off Off Previous State Previous State
Off On Off On
Path: Settings > FlexLogic > Non-volatile Latches > Latch 1(16)

NV LATCH 1 FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
The setpoint enables or disables the Non-volatile Latch function.

NV LATCH 1 TYPE
Range: Reset-Dominant, Set-Dominant
Default: Reset-Dominant
The setting characterizes NV LATCH 1 to be set- or reset-dominant.

NV LATCH 1 SET
Range: Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
If asserted, this specified FlexLogic operand sets NV LATCH 1.

LATCH 1 RESET
Range: Any FlexLogic operand
Default: Off
If asserted, this specified FlexLogic operand resets NV LATCH 1.

12.2.3 FLEXLOGIC EQUATION

Path: Setpoints > FlexLogic > FlexLogic Equation
The FlexLogic Equation screen is one of two options available to configure FlexLogic. The other option is Logic
Designer.
Three time stamp variables: Logic Design Last Saved, Logic Design Last Compiled and FlexLogic Editor Last
Saved, have been included in this screen.
Look at the time stamps to easily see which of the options: FlexLogic Editor or Logic Designer is currently being
used.
There are 1024 FlexLogic entries available, numbered from 1 to 1024 (i.e. FlexLogic Entry X – where X ranges from
1 to 1024) with default END entry settings. If a Disabled Element is selected as a FlexLogic entry, the associated
state flag is never set to 1.

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Figure 236: FlexLogic Equation Editor Screen

The FlexLogic entries are defined as follows.

Graphical Viewer: Clicking on the View button enables the FlexLogic equation to be presented in graphical format
(Read-only). Refer to the Viewing FlexLogic Graphics section for more details.
Logic Design Last Saved, Logic Design Last Compiled, and FlexLogic Editor Last Saved: Each of these three
read-only variables holds the time stamp that represents the time that the operation (of the respective variable) was
performed.
● When no Logic (New file creation) is present these timestamps are set to default text representations.
● Time stamps are displayed in the format ‘Mon DD YYYY HH:MM:SS’ [Jun 22 1981 14:20:00]
● Each time a ‘Save’ operation is performed in the ‘FlexLogic Equation Editor’ screen, the ‘FlexLogic Editor
Last Saved’ entry gets updated.
● Based on the values present at each launch of the ‘FlexLogic Equation Editor’ screen, internal validation
prompts the relevant messages. These prompts must be followed to ensure that the ‘FlexLogic’ configuration
is synchronized with the ‘Logic Designer’. These three variables are shown in color in the FlexLogic Equation
Editor based on timestamps. Color is used to indicate the change (non-synchronization if any) of FlexLogic
between the FlexLogic Editor and Logic Designer Screens.
File Conversion and Handling of Time Stamps: When File Conversion is applied the three time stamps are
processed (either carry forwarded, defaulted, updated with latest PC time) based on the Source and Destination
File versions and Order code supported.
The following cases depict the nature of the three time stamps after a file conversion.
Source Version Target Version Is FlexLogic Change Time Stamps [LDLs, LDLc, FELs]**
Detected?
>= 160 >= 160 YES [ 0^ , 0 , PCTime**]
>= 160 >=160 NO *Existing time stamps are copied to the
converted file
< 160 >= 160 YES [ 0 , 0 , PCTime]
< 160 (& > 120***) >= 160 NO [PCTime, PCTime, PCTime,]

** LDLs – Logic Designer Last Saved, LDLc– Logic Designer Last Compiled and FELs – FlexLogic
Editor Last Saved
** PCTime The time that the file conversion took place

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^0 Indicates the time stamps are being defaulted

*** There is no support for Logic Designer [Graphical Editor] below version 130
* For each specific case, the source files for Logic Designer (Graphical) content will also get
copied “as is” to the destination folder. This enables the user to retain old content “as is”.

In a typical scenario where both the FlexLogic Designer and FlexLogic Editor are used for configuring FlexLogic, the
updated time stamps appear as shown in the following figure.

Logic Designer: This entry can be used to initiate the launch of the Logic Designer screen. Once chosen, the
existing FlexLogic Equation Editor screen is set to Read-only and then the Logic Designer screen launch is initiated.
If the user wants to re-visit the FlexLogic Editor Screen, any existing read-only screen has to be closed first. Then,
the screen has to be re-opened. The FlexLogic Editor screen is now editable, again.
In order to maintain synchronization of FlexLogic, the following update rules are defined.
For example, when a user tries to open the ‘FlexLogic Equation Editor’ of a particular device or file.
● If the Logic Designer screen is open and in Edit mode, a message prompts to save any changes. The
FlexLogic Equation Editor is not launched.
● If the Logic Designer is open and in saved mode (no edits to save or compile), the Logic Designer screen is
closed and then the FlexLogic Equation Editor launch is initiated.

12.2.4 VIEWING FLEXLOGIC GRAPHICS

To verify that the FlexLogic equation(s) and its selected parameters produce the desired logic, the expression can
be viewed by converting the derived equation into a graphic diagram. It is strongly recommended and helpful to
view an equation as a graphic diagram before it is saved to the relay in order to troubleshoot any possible error in
the equation.
To View the FlexLogic Graphic
Click on the View button at the top of the Type column in the FlexLogic Equation screen, see previous figure.
Provided the equation is entered correctly, this generates a graphical representation of the expression previously
entered. If any operator inputs are missing or any FlexLogic rules have been violated, the EnerVista D&I Setup
software displays a message box indicating any problems in the equation when the view feature is attempted.
The expression is also listed to the left of the diagram to demonstrate how the diagram was created. The End
statement is added as parameter 5 (End of list).

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Figure 237: FlexLogic Graphic Example

12.2.5 FLEXELEMENTS
There are 8 identical FlexElements. A FlexElement is a universal comparator, that can be used to monitor any
analog actual value measured or calculated by the relay, or a net difference of any two analog actual values of the
same type. Depending on how the FlexElement is programmed, the effective operating signal could be either a
signed signal or an absolute value.
You can configure the element to respond either to a signal level or to a rate-of-change (delta) over a pre-defined
period of time. The output operand is asserted when the operating signal is higher than a threshold or lower than a
threshold chosen.
When configuring a FlexElement, keep in mind the following limitations:
1. The analog inputs for any FlexElement must be from the same quantity.
○ current and current (in any combination, phase-symmetrical, phase-phase, kA-A, differential, restraint,
etc.)
○ voltage and voltage (as above)
○ active power and active power (Watts and Watts)
○ reactive power and reactive power (Vars and Vars)
○ apparent power and apparent power (VA and VA)
○ angle and angle (any, no matter what signal, for example angle of voltage and angle of current are a
valid pair)
○ % and % (any, for example THD and harmonic content is a valid pair)
○ V/Hz and V/Hz
○ °C and °C
○ I2t and I2t
○ FlexElement actual and FlexElement actual
For all the other combinations, the element displays 0.000 or N/A and will not assert any output
operand.
2. The analog value associated with one FlexElement can be used as an input to another FlexElement
“Cascading”.

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Figure 238: FlexElement logic diagram

12.2.5.1 FLEXELEMENT SETTINGS

Path:Setpoints > FlexLogic > FlexElements > FlexElement 1

FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

NAME
Range: Up to 13 alphanumeric characters
Default: FlexEl 1

INPUT 1 (+)
Range: Off, any FlexAnalog signal
Default: Off
This setting specifies the first input (non-inverted) to the FlexElement. Zero is assumed as the input if this setting
is set to Off. For proper operation of the element at least one input must be selected. Otherwise, the element
will not assert its output operands.

INPUT 2 (-)
Range: Off, any FlexAnalog signal
Default: Off
This setting specifies the second input (inverted) to the FlexElement. Zero is assumed as the input if this setting
is set to Off. For proper operation of the element at least one input must be selected. Otherwise, the element
will not assert its output operands.
This input should be used to invert the signal if needed for convenience, or to make the element respond to a
differential signal such as for a top-bottom oil temperature differential alarm.

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A warning message is displayed and the element does not operate if the two input signals are of different types,
for example if one tries to use active power and phase angle to build the effective operating signal.

OPERATING MODE
Range: Signed, Absolute
Default: Signed
The element responds directly to the differential signal if this setting is set to Signed. The element responds to
the absolute value of the differential signal if this setting is set to Absolute.
Sample applications for the Absolute setting include monitoring the angular difference between two phasors
with a symmetrical limit angle in both directions; monitoring power regardless of its direction, or monitoring a
trend regardless of whether the signal increases or decreases.

INPUT COMPARISON MODE

Range: Level, Delta
Default: Level
The element responds directly to the differential signal – as defined by the Input 1 (+), Input 2 (-) if the
OPERATING MODE setting is set to Level.
The element responds to the rate of change of its operating signal if this setting is set to Delta. The setpoints
RATE OF CHANGE TIME UNIT (dt), and RATE OF CHANGE TIME (dt) specify how the rate of change is
derived. Providing the conditions (Under or Over) for the actual rate-of-change are satisfied, in Delta mode the
FlexElement can operate in either direction, no matter if the operating signal is increased or decreased. The
operating signal is the difference between the two selected inputs.

DIRECTION
Range: Over, Under
Default: Over
This setting enables the relay to respond to either high or low values of the operating signal. The following figure
explains the application of the DIRECTION, PICKUP and HYSTERISIS settings.

Figure 239: Direction, Pickup, and Hysteresis setpoints

In conjunction with the OPERATING MODE setting, the element could be programmed to provide two extra
characteristics as shown in the figure following.

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Figure 240: Operating Input setpoint

PICKUP
Range: -30.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001 pu
Default: 1.000
This setting specifies the operating threshold for the effective operating signal of the element.
If the Over direction is set, the element picks up when the operating signal exceeds the Pickup value.
If the Under direction is set, the element picks up when the operating signal falls below the Pickup value.
The HYSTERISIS setting controls the element drop out.
Notice that both the operating signal and the pickup threshold can be negative when facilitating applications
such as reverse power alarms.
The FlexElement can be programmed to work with all analog values measured or computed by the relay. The
PICKUP setting is entered in pu values using the following definitions of the base units:

Definitions of the Base Unit for the FLEXELEMENT

Measured or calculated analog value related Base Unit
to:
Voltage VBASE = maximum nominal primary RMS value of the Input 1(+) and input
2(-) inputs
Current IBASE= maximum nominal primary RMS value of the Input 1(+) and input 2(-)
inputs
Power PBASE= maximum value of VBASE * IBASE for the Input 1(+) and input 2(-)
inputs
Power Factor PFBASE= 1.00
Phase Angle DegBASE= 360 deg
Harmonic Content HBASE = 100% of nominal
THD THDBASE= 100%
Frequency fBASE= nominal frequency as entered under the SYSTEM SETUP menu

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Measured or calculated analog value related Base Unit

to:
Volt/Hz BASE = 1.00
dcmA BASE = DCMA INPUT MAX (setting under the DCMA menu). If two DCMA
signals are used by the FlexElement, the maximum of the above setting
among the two elements is used as the base.
RTDs BASE = 100.00°C
I2t (arcing Amps) BASE = 2000 kA2*cycle
Current Unbalance BASE = 100%
Source Energy (Positive and Negative EBASE = 10000 MWh or MVAh, respectively
Watthours, Positive and Negative Varhours)
Differential and Restraint Currents (Percent IBASE = Primary of the CT with maximum primary current rating
Differential)
Thermal Capacity Used BASE = 100%
Thermal Lockout Time BASE = 10 minutes
Thermal Model Load and Biased Motor Load BASE = 1.00 pu of FLA
Trip Time on Overload BASE = 10 seconds
SM SC Spd-Dep TC Used BASE = 100%
SM SC Spd-Dep Trip Time on OL BASE = 10 seconds
SM Field VAC BASE = 1000 V
SM Field VDC BASE = 350 V
SM Field Amps BASE = Max FLD Amps Primary (set under System > Current Sensing > SM
FLD Amps -K2)
Rotor Slip BASE = 100%
K2 Field VAC Freq fBASE = nominal frequency as entered in the SYSTEM SETUP menu
SM PF Error BASE = 1.00
SM Field Resistance BASE = 100

HYSTERESIS
Range: 0.1 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1%
Default: 3.0%
This setting defines the pickup – drop out relation of the element by specifying the width of the hysteresis loop as
a percentage of the pickup value as shown above in the Direction, Pickup, and Hysteresis setpoints figure.

RATE OF CHANGE TIME UNIT (dt)

Range: millisecond, second, minute
Default: milliseconds
This setting specifies the time base dt when programming the FlexElement as a rate of change element.
The setting is applicable only if the Input Comparison Mode is set to “Delta”.

RATE OF CHANGE TIME

Range: 40 to 65535 in steps of 1
Default: 40
This setting specifies the duration of the time interval for the rate of change mode of operation.
The setting is applicable only if the Input Comparison Mode is set to “Delta”.

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PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000
This setting specifies the pickup delay of the element.

DROPOUT DELAY
Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Default: 0.000
This setting specifies the reset delay of the element.

12.2.5.2 FLEXELEMENTS - EXAMPLES

T13.8 kV power system:

● Phase VT Connection: Wye
● Phase VT Secondary: 66.4 V
● Phase VT Ratio: 120:1 (phase to neutral primary voltage = 120*66.4 = 7968 V)
● Aux VT Connection: Vab
● Aux VT Secondary: 115 V
● Aux VT Ratio: 120:1 (phase-phase primary voltage = 13800V)
● Phase CTs Primary: 2000 A
● Ground CT Primary: 500 A
● Frequency: 60Hz

Detecting voltage difference:

The voltage difference between calculated phase-phase voltage derived from Wye connected phase VTs, and the
directly measured phase-phase voltage from auxiliary VT can be monitored by programming a FlexElement.
FlexElement settings:
● Input 1(+): J2 Vab RMS
● Input 2 (-): J2 Vaux RMS (input from VT connected between phases A and B)
● Operating Mode: Absolute
● Input Comparison Mode: Level
● Direction: Over
The analog input J2 Vab is phase-phase voltage computed by the relay based on three-phase Wye voltages. As per
the Phase VT setup, the primary RMS nominal voltage for J2 Vab input is 66.4 V *120 = 7.968kV.
The analog input J2 Vaux is directly measured phase-phase voltage and its primary RMS nominal voltage is 115V
*120 = 13.8kV
VBASE = max (7.968kV, 13.8kV) = 13.8kV.
If we want to detect 2% voltage difference (2% @13.8kV = 276V) between the computed phase to phase Vab
voltage, and the measured Vaux voltage from a VT connected between phases A and B, the pickup per-unit setting
for the FlexElement can be set as follows:
Pickup = 276V/13800V = 0.02 pu
If the voltage difference between the selected inputs becomes bigger than 276 Volts, the FlexElement will pickup,
and operate, which can be used to energize contact, or initiate alarm, or trip.

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Detecting current difference between Neutral and Ground currents:

In a balanced system, the computed neutral and the measured ground currents is 0 Amps. However, during ground
faults their values are not zero. More specifically if the phase and ground CTs are located on the same transformer
winding, such that the ground CT is installed on the grounded neutral of the winding, their values supposed to be
the same during external fault, and would be different during internal fault. The FlexElement can be used for
detecting the differential signal between these quantities. For example the following condition can be made:
IBASE = max (2000A, 500A) = 2000A
FlexElement settings:
● Input 1(+): J1
● Input 2 (-): J1 Ig
● Operating Mode: Absolute
● Input Comparison Mode: Level
● Direction: Over
● Pickup = 200A/2000A: 0.1 pu
When no CT saturation conditions exist, if the difference between the neutral current and the ground current
becomes more than 200 Amps primary, this can be treated as an indication of an internal ground fault, which should
be cleared. With IBASE = max (2000A, 500A) = 2000A, the pickup can be set as follows: Pickup = 200A/2000A = 0.1
pu

Detecting Low 3-ph Apparent Power:

VBASE = 7.968kV
IBASE = 1000 A
PBASE = VBASE *IBASE = 7968 V *2000A = 15.936MVA
The FlexElement can be set to detect under-power conditions and produce alarm, or trip if the apparent power is
less than 500kVA. In this case the pickup setting for the FlexElement can be computed as follows:
Pickup = 0.5MVA / 15.936 MVA = 0.0313 pu
FlexElement settings:
● Input 1(+): Pwr1 Apparent
● Input 2(-): Off
● Operating Mode: Absolute
● Input Comparison Mode: Level
● Direction: Under
● Pickup: 0.0313 pu

Power Factor Cap Bank Switch-In Example

PFBASE = 1.00
FlexElement can be programmed to switch-in cap bank, if for example the measured 3Ph Power Factor has
negative value(lag), and drops below the pickup of -0.7 pu. Programming the Hysteresis setpoint to the desired
percentage can define the PF value at which the cap bank can be switched off. For example, if the cap bank is
required to be switched off at PF value of -0.9, than the percent hysteresis is computed as:
% hysteresis = ((abs(-0.9)-abs(-0.7))/ PFBASE)*100 = 20%

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Note:
The minimum pickup should not be less than 0.01 pu, as the measurement resolution for the Power Factor is 0.01.

● Input 1(+): Pwr1 PF

● Input 2(-): Off
● Operating Mode: Signed
● Input Comparison Mode: Level
● Direction: Under
● Pickup: -0.700 pu
● Hysteresis: 20.0 %

Detecting high THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)

THDBASE = 100%
A FlexElement can be programmed to detect excessive amount of harmonics in the system, and Alarm, Trip, or
switch-in/out an equipment to suppress the high amount of harmonics. The Total Harmonic Distortion is an
estimation of how the AC signals are distorted and as shown above, it can be used as an input for the FlexElement.
For example if an operation from a FlexElement is desired when the THD for the phase A voltage exceeds 20%,
then having a base of 100%, the pickup setting should be set to 0.200 pu.
● Input 1(+): J2 Phase A THD
● Input 2(-): Off
● Operating Mode: Absolute
● Input Comparison Mode: Level
● Direction: Over
● Pickup: 0.200 pu

Note:
The harmonics and THD values are measured as percentage of the fundamental signal, and have resolution of 0.01%.
However for the minimum pickup setting of 0.001 pu, this would mean percentage step of 0.1%.

Simple V/Hz ratio detection for protected equipment

V/HzBASE = 1.00High V/Hz ratios in the power system are harmful for the insulation of the protected equipment –
transformer, generator, or elsewhere in the power system. If not detected, it can lead to excessive heat and
degradation of the insulation which will damage the equipment. A FlexElement can be used for simple detection of
V/Hz values, and to issue an Alarm, or Trip, if detected above Pickup setting. Since the base unit for V/Hz = 1.00,
programming of the pickup setpoint is straight forward for the desired FlexElement operation. For the example given
here, a value of 1.200 pu has been selected.
● Input 1(+): Volts Per Hertz 1Input 2(-): OffOperating Mode: AbsoluteInput Comparison Mode: LevelDirection:
OverPickup: 1.200 puHysteresis: 8.3%
Now, if the FlexElement is needed to drop down when the V/Hz ratio becomes equal to 1.1, the hysteresis can be
calculated as:1.2pu-1.1pu = 0.1 puHysteresis = (0.1*100)/1.2 = 8.3%

High Breaker Arcing current detection

High breaker arcing current can be detected by using a FlexElement during the opening of a breaker. One or more
FlexElements can be configured for detecting levels of maximum arcing current during the tripping of a particular
breaker, and give an indication for the health of the breaker.

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Chapter 12 - Flexlogic

The base unit for the breaker arcing current is programmed in the relay as: BASE = 2000 kA2*cycle
● Input 1(+): Total Arcing Current
● Input 2(-): Off
● Operating Mode: Absolute
● Input Comparison Mode: Level
● Direction: Over
● Pickup: 2.500 pu
● Hysteresis: 0.0%
To configure the pickup setpoint for a total arcing current of 5000kA2/cycle, the per-unit pickup value can be
calculated as follows:

Pickup = 5000kA2 *cycle/2000 kA2*cycle = 2.500 pu

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CHAPTER 13

TESTING
Chapter 13 - Testing

13.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 568
Testing display hierarchy 569
Simulation 570
General 574
Test LEDs 576
Contact Inputs 577
Output Relays 578
GOOSE 579

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.2 TESTING DISPLAY HIERARCHY

Setpoints
Device
System General Setup
Inputs Simulation Pre-Fault
Outputs Test LEDs Fault
Protection Test Contact Inputs Post-Fault
Monitoring Test Output Relays
Control Test Analog Outputs
Flexlogic Ethernet Loopback Test
Testing GOOSE 894533C1

Figure 241: Testing Display Hierarchy

Path:Setpoints > Testing

The relay can simulate current and voltage inputs when the Simulation feature is enabled. Other test operations are
also possible such as LED lamp test of each color, contact input states and testing of output relays.

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13.3 SIMULATION
Path:Setpoints > Testing > Simulation
● Setup
● Pre-Fault
● Fault
● Post-Fault
The Simulation feature is provided for testing the functionality of the relay in response to programmed conditions,
without the need of external AC voltage and current inputs. First time users will find this to be a valuable training
tool. System parameters such as currents, voltages and phase angles are entered as setpoints. When placed in
simulation mode, the relay suspends reading actual AC inputs, generates samples to represent the programmed
phasors, and loads these samples into the memory to be processed by the relay. Normal (pre-fault), fault and post-
fault conditions can be simulated to exercise a variety of relay features. There are three sets of input parameters
used during simulation, each provides a particular state of the system as follows.

Note:
Simulation mode current input should be set at more than three times the CT rating. All Simulation setpoints revert to default
values at power-up.

Note:
Testing of Arc Flash functionality is not possible with the Simulation feature.

13.3.1 SIMULATION SETUP

Path:Setpoints > Testing > Simulation > Setup

SIMULATION STATE
Range: Disabled, Prefault State, Fault State, Postfault State
Default: Disabled
Disable this setpoint if actual system inputs are to be monitored. If set to any other value, the relay is in test
mode and actual system parameters are not monitored, including Current, Voltage, and Contact Inputs. The
system parameters simulated by the relay will be those in the section below that correspond to the set value of
this setpoint. For example, if set to Fault, the system parameters will be set to those defined by the FAULT
setpoint values.

PRE-FAULT TO FAULT TRIGGER

Range: Off, On, Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off

POST-FAULT TO PRE-FAULT TRIGGER

Range: Off, On, Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: Off

FORCE RELAYS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 13 - Testing

When in test mode, and FORCE RELAYS is enabled, relay states can be forced from the Setpoints > Testing >
Output Relays menu, which overrides the normal operation of the output contacts. When in test mode, and
FORCE RELAYS is disabled, the relay states maintain their normal operation. Forcing of output relay states is
not performed when the Simulation State is disabled.

FORCE LEDS
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When in test mode, and FORCE LEDS is enabled, LED states and colors can be forced from the Setpoints >
Testing > Test LEDs menu, this will override the normal operation of the LEDs. When in test mode, and FORCE
LEDS is disabled, the LED states and colors will maintain their normal operation. Forcing of LEDs is not
performed when the SIMULATION STATE is disabled.

13.3.2 SIMULATION PRE-FAULT

This state is intended to simulate the normal operating condition of a system by replacing the normal input
parameters with programmed pre-fault values. For proper simulation, values entered here must be below the
minimum trip setting of any protection feature.
Voltage magnitudes and angles are entered as Wye values only. The voltage setpoints are not available if the
corresponding VT Bank PHASE VT CONNECTION setpoint is Delta. Voltages are set in secondary VT units.
The CT and VT Bank availability is dependent on the installed Order Code options.
Path:Setpoints > Testing > Simulation > Pre-Fault

J2 Prefault Van(Vbn,Vcn,Vx) Voltage:

Range: 0.00 to 300.00 V in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 V

J2 Prefault Van(Vbn,Vcn,Vaux) Angle:

Range: -359.9° to 0.0° in steps of 0.1
Default: 0.0°

J1(K1,K2) Prefault Phase la(lb,lc):

Range: 0.000 to 46.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.000 x CT
Phase current magnitudes are entered as a multiple of the corresponding CT Bank PHASE CT PRIMARY
setpoint.

J1(K1,K2) Prefault Phase lg:

Range: For Ground CT: 0.000 to 46.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.000 x CT
The ground current magnitude setpoint range is dependent on the ground CT type as defined in the Order Code
options. For Ground CT, the magnitude is entered as a multiple of the corresponding CT Bank GROUND CT
PRIMARY setpoint.

J1(K1,K2) Prefault la(lb,lc,lg) Angle:

Range: -359.9° to 0.0° in steps of 0.1
Default: 0.0°

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.3.3 SIMULATION FAULT

The Fault state is intended to simulate the faulted operating condition of a system by replacing the normal input
parameters with programmed fault values.
Voltage magnitudes and angles are entered as Wye values only. The voltage setpoints are not available if the
corresponding VT Bank PHASE VT CONNECTION setpoint is Delta. Voltages are set in secondary VT units.
The CT and VT Bank availability is dependent on the installed Order Code options.
Path:Setpoints > Testing > Simulation > Fault

J2 Fault Van(Vbn,Vcn,Vx) Voltage:

Range: 0.00 to 300.00 V in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 V

J2 Fault Van(Vbn,Vcn,Vaux) Angle:

Range: -359.9° to 0.0° in steps of 0.1
Default: 0.0°

J1(K1,K2) Fault Phase la(lb,lc):

Range: 0.000 to 46.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.000 x CT

J1(K1,K2) Fault Phase lg:

Range: For Ground CT: 0.000 to 46.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.000 x CT

J1(K1,K2) Fault la(lb,lc,lg) Angle:

Range: -359.9° to 0.0° in steps of 0.1
Default: 0.0°

13.3.4 SIMULATION POST-FAULT

The Post-fault state is intended to simulate a system that has tripped by replacing the normal input parameters with
programmed post-fault values.
Voltage magnitudes and angles are entered as Wye values only. The voltage setpoints are not available if the
corresponding VT Bank PHASE VT CONNECTION setpoint is Delta. Voltages are set in secondary VT units.
The CT and VT Bank availability is dependent on the installed Order Code options.
Path:Setpoints > Testing > Simulation > Post-Fault

J2 Postfault Van(Vbn,Vcn,Vx) Voltage:

Range: 0.00 to 300.00 V in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 V

J2 Postfault Van(Vbn,Vcn,Vaux) Angle:

Range: -359.9° to 0.0° in steps of 0.1
Default: 0.0°

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Chapter 13 - Testing

J1(K1,K2) Postfault Phase la(lb,lc):

Range: 0.000 to 46.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Default: 0.000 x CT

J1(K1,K2) Postfault Phase lg:

Range: For Ground CT: 0.000 to 46.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT For Sensitive Ground CT: 0.000 to 4.600 x
CT in steps of 0.001 x CT For CBCT: 0.000 to 15.000 A in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.000 x CT

J1(K1,K2) Postfault la(lb,lc,lg) Angle:

Range: -359.9° to 0.0° in steps of 0.1
Default: 0.0°

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.4 GENERAL
The relay enters into test mode when any of the test operations (Simulation, Contact Inputs, Contact Output Relays,
LEDs or Analog Outputs) is programmed to Enabled. The actual system parameters are not monitored, including
Current, Voltage, and Contact Inputs.

Simulation State
Range: Disabled, Prefault State, Fault State, Postfault State
Default: Disabled
Set the Simulation State to Disabled if you want to monitor the actual system inputs.
If set to any other value, the relay is in test mode and the actual system parameters are not monitored, including
Current, Voltage, and Contact Inputs. The system parameters simulated by the relay will be those in the section
below that correspond to the configured value of this setpoint. For example, if set to Fault, then the system
parameters will be set to those defined by the Fault setpoint values.
When Fault State is set as the Simulation State and a Trip occurs, the Simulation State automatically transitions
to the Postfault State.

Force LEDs
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When enabled, the relay enters in test mode and LED states and colors can be forced from the Setpoints
\Testing\Test LEDs menu.
This will override the normal operation of the LEDs. When disabled, the LED states and colors will maintain their
normal operation.

Force Contact Inputs

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When Force Contact Inputs is enabled, the relay enters test mode and the contact inputs states can be forced
from the Testing\Contact Inputs menu.
This will override the normal operation of the input contacts. When Force Contact Inputs is disabled, the relay
states will maintain their normal operation.

Force Relays
Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When Force Relays is enabled, the relay enters test mode and the relay states can be forced from the Testing
\Output Relays menu.
This will override the normal operation of the output contacts. When Force Relays is disabled, the relay states
will maintain their normal operation.

Force Analog Outputs

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled

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Chapter 13 - Testing

When Force Analog Outputs is enabled, the relay enters test mode and the output will reflect the forced value
as a percentage of the range 0 to 1 mA, 0 to 5 mA, 0 to 10 mA, 0 to 20 mA, or 4 to 20 mA.
When Force Analog Outputs is disabled, the relay states will maintain their normal operation.

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.5 TEST LEDS

The Test LEDs setting is used to program the state and color of each LED when in test mode and FORCE LEDS is
enabled.

Note:
Test LEDs setpoints here will revert to default values at power-up.

Path:Setpoints > Testing > Test LEDs

LED 1 (17)
Range: Off, Red, Green, Orange
Default: Off

LED 1 (24)
Range for 1(14): Off, Red, Green, Orange
Range for 15(24): Off, Orange
Default: Off

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.6 CONTACT INPUTS

This section is used to program the state of each contact input when enabled in test mode. The number of Contact
Inputs available is dependent on the installed Order Code options.

Note:
Contact Inputs setpoints here will revert to default values at power-up.

Path:Setpoints > Testing > Contact Inputs

CI 1(X):
Range: Off, On
Default: Off
The item name displays the user configurable name for the contact input.

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.7 OUTPUT RELAYS

This section is used to program the state of each output relay when FORCE RELAYS is enabled.
Select Off to force the output relay to the de-energized state, or select On to force the output relay to the
energized state.
The number of Output Relays available is dependent on the installed Order Code options.

Note:
Output Relays setpoints here will revert to default values at power-up.

Path:Setpoints > Testing > Output Relays

OUTPUT RELAY 1(X)

Range: Off, On
Default: Off

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Chapter 13 - Testing

13.8 GOOSE
When the relay provides GOOSE, a menu is available for testing GOOSE messaging
SETPOINTS > TESTING > GOOSE

TXGOOSE Sim Mode

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When disabled, the SIM bit in all transmitted GOOSE messages are set to FALSE. When enabled, the SIM bit in
all transmitted GOOSE messages are set to TRUE.

Accept Sim GOOSE

Range: Disabled, Enabled
Default: Disabled
When disabled, the relay SIM attribute (LPHD1.Sim.StValin) is set to FALSE and the GOOSE/SV messages
received with simulation bit set are ignored. When enabled, the relay SIM attribute (LPHD1.Sim.StValin) is set to
TRUE so that if GOOSE/SV messages are received with the SIM bit set, these will be used in place of the
normal messages.

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CHAPTER 14

STATUS
Chapter 14 - Status

14.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 581
Summary 582
Motor status 585
Breaker status 589
Information 590
Communications status 593
Other status settings 597

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Chapter 14 - Status

14.2 SUMMARY
Configurable Single Line Diagram (SLD)
The status of each SLD screen is displayed under Status > Summary > Configurable SLDs > SLD1(X).

Figure 242: Sample SLD

Once in the SLD screen, by default no breaker/switch is highlighted or selected. Pressing the Up/Dn (or Up/Dn/Left/
Right) navigation keys highlights BKR1 and navigates through BKR1, 2, 3, etc. and then through Switch1, 2, 3, etc.
If the Up/Dn/Left/Right keys are used, the selection moves to the closest available breaker/switch from the currently
highlighted object. To select the breaker/switch, press the enter key. Upon pressing the Enter key, the tab labels
change to the programmable tab pushbutton labels and a flash message for the breaker selected appears (Flash
Message: BKR1 Selected). Pressing Escape de-selects the breaker/switch and the tab pushbutton labels.

Annunciator
The graphical annunciator panel emulates a physical annunciator panel. Indicators on the graphical panel are
backlit and have a description of the alarm condition that lights each indicator. The annunciator panel status window
shows the alarms that are active.
To reset an active alarm, first highlight the active alarm using the navigation keys, then press the reset button to
reset the highlighted alarm. If no indicator is selected, all alarms on the page are reset by pushing the reset button.

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Chapter 14 - Status

❍♦ ❡❭❍▼■❭❆♥♥✉♥❝✐❛✁♦r❭P❛✂❡✶
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●✝✞✟✠ ✥ ❈✒✄☛❦
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✡✔ ❇✝✄✓❦✄✝ ✕
❈✑☛❧✄ ❋✓☎❧✟✝✄
✡☛t☎✈✄
☞✌✌✳ ✍✎✏ ☞✌✌✳ ✍✎✷ ☞✌✌✳ ✍✎✸ ☞✌✌✳ ✍✎✹ ❃❃

Figure 243: Physical and Graphical Annunciator Panels

Tab pushbuttons
Navigation
There are two ways to navigate to the Tab Pushbutton control pages:
● Relay Home Screens
● Path: Status > Summary > Tab Pushbuttons (from relay) Home Screens
By default, the Tab Pushbuttons summary page is programmed as one of the Home Screens. Press the home
button repeatedly to cycle through the programmed Home Screens.

Note:
Tab pushbuttons can only be controlled physically through the front panel of the relay. Their operation is not available from the
setup software.

Path: Status > Summary > Tab Pushbuttons

The initial view of the Tab Pushbutton controls is the Summary page, which shows the status of all 20 pushbuttons.
To operate the pushbuttons, navigate to the individual pages where the tab pushbuttons can be used to activate
them.

Figure 244: Tab pushbutton summary (left) and detailed view (right)

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Chapter 14 - Status

Only the tab pushbuttons that are not set to Disabled are shown in color; labels for the tab pushbuttons are shown
for both active and disabled pushbuttons if labels have been configured. (Configure tab pushbuttons from Device >
Front Panel > Tab PBs > Tab PB1(X).)
When the actual button is pressed, the button on the screen is highlighted in blue and the PB [X] PRESS operand
becomes active. Although a disabled pushbutton can be pressed, no action is taken and its operands are not
activated. Pressing ESCAPE returns the screen to Tab Pushbutton summary page. The Short Text for each Tab
Pushbutton is used on the Summary Page.
Pressing >> shows the next set of tab pushbuttons. For example, when in the page with pushbuttons 1 to 4,
pressing >> will navigate to the screen with pushbuttons 5 to 8. Press >> to cycle through all five pushbutton
screens. To go from page 2 to page 1, press >> 4 times to cycle through and navigate to page 1 with pushbuttons 1
to 4. Alternatively, escape to the overall summary screen and navigate to any desired page of pushbuttons.

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Chapter 14 - Status

14.3 MOTOR STATUS

Path:Status > Motor

MOTOR STATUS
Range: Tripped, Stopped, Starting, Running, Running, Overload
Default: Stopped
These messages describe the motor status at any given point in time. All motor status operands are mutually
exclusive. For the sake of brevity, the term 'switching device' is used for Breaker and Contactor devices.
Motor Stopped and Tripped conditions are detected based on the current level and switching device status (52a or
52b). When a switching device is not configured* or a switching device is not connected then monitoring of
switching device status is no longer possible and the Stopped, Tripped, and Start MOTOR STATUS are based only
on current level monitoring.

Note:
*A switching device is not configured when setpoints Contact Input 52a and Contact Input 52b are both set to “Off” under
Setpoints > Control > Breaker > Contactor.

Note:
** A switching device is not connected when both FlexLogic operands BRK1 Connected and Contactor Connected are not
asserted under Setpoints > Control > Breaker (Contactor).

✻✼✽✾✽✿ ✁✂✄✂☎ ✸ ✝✞✝✟ ✠ ✹✺

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Figure 245: Motor main supply application logic

The Motor Tripped condition is detected when the Any Trip operand is asserted, the motor current (Imotor, defined
equation 13 in Thermal Model) is below 2% of CT, and the switching device is open. However, when the switching
device is not configured then the Motor Tripped condition is detected when Any Trip operand is asserted and the
current is below 2% of CT. Resetting of the Motor Tripped can be done by resetting the trip condition.
The state machine initially sets the Motor Stopped operand, as the switching device is open and motor current is
less than 2% of CT. Also, to detect a Motor Stopped condition it is important to first reset any trip or the Any Trip
operand is deserted. When the switching device is not configured the Motor Stopped condition is detected based on
current only. Also, for the case when motor condition or status is solely based on the monitoring of currents, idling
condition (current becomes ideally zero) during Motor Running in synchronous motor application can result in the
Motor Stopped instead of Motor Running. To prevent this, the relay must always be programmed to monitor the
status of the switching device by means of contact input of the relay.

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Chapter 14 - Status

☛☞✌☞✍ ☛✮✪✬ ✎✯✏✏✰✭

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Figure 246: Motor Stopped and Trip state logic

The Motor Starting state is asserted if the previous motor status is Motor Stopped and a load current greater than
2% of FLA is detected, the Motor Starting operand becomes true. The Motor cannot start if the previous condition is
Motor Tripped unless Any Trip is reset.
For normal motor starting, the Motor Starting condition remains asserted until currents fall below FLA x OVERLOAD
FACTOR setting. As soon as motor current falls below FLA x the OVERLOAD FACTOR setting, the Motor Running
operand is set.
✔✕✖✕✗ ✔✙✚✛ ✘❅✻✻❆❇
❈✻✻❆✚✼✽
✳✁✆✹ ✾✟✆✠✆✁ ✟☛☎✿ ✡✝❀❀✺❁
✵❀❀✺☎❂☛✠☎✆✿❃ ✺✆❄☎❂
✁✂✄☎✆✝✞ ✟✆✠✆✁ ✡✠☛✠✝✞ ☞
✌
✍
✔✕✖✕✗ ✘✖✕✻✻✼✽

✢✣✤✥✣✦✧★✩ ✦✪✤✫✬✭✮✯
✔✕✖✕✗ ✘✖✕✻✻✼✽
✢✣✤✥✣✦✧★✩ ✦✪✤✫✬✭✮✯
✰
✱ ✔✕✖✕✗ ✘✖✙✗✖✚✛✜

✎✏✑✒✑✓ ✎✏✑✒✑✓ ✲ ✳✴✵ ✶ ✷✴ ☞

✌
✍ ✸✆✁✹☛✺ ✡✠☛✁✠

Figure 247: Motor Starting state logic

In induction motor applications, the motor can only be in the Motor Running condition following a Motor Starting or
Motor Overload condition when neither Motor Starting nor Motor Overload are asserted.
In synchronous motor applications, the motor can either run in induction mode or in synchronous mode. The motor
runs in induction mode during the Motor Starting condition when no DC Field is applied. In some synchronous motor
applications such as light load applications, motors can also go from synchronous to induction mode when, during
the synchronizing mode, the DC Field is lost and the motor continues its operation in induction mode.
In synchronous motor applications, the Motor Running state remains asserted until a successful DC Field is applied
to synchronize the motor. Successful application of the DC field is monitored by the FlexLogic operand 'SM Field
Applied', as shown below. The motor state also becomes Motor Running when, during normal operation, the DC
field is lost and the motor continues running in induction mode. The Motor Running state indicates synchronous
motor operation in induction mode.
✰✱✲✳✱✴✵✶✷ ✴✸✲✹✺✻✼✽
✧★✩★✪ ✫✩✬✪✩✭✮✯ ❊ ■❏❅❑
❋✌✒✌✔ ●✎❍✌
✰▼◆❖✱P◗❘❙ ✴❚◆❯❱❲❳❨
✫✧ ❩✭❅❆❇ ❬❭❭❆✭❅❇

☛☞✌✍✎✏✑✒ ✓✏✔✏☞ ✕✔✖✔✑✒

✧★✩★✪ ✫✩✬✪✩✭✮✯ ❀ ✰✱✲✳✱✴✵✶✷ ✴✸✲✹✺✻✼✽
❁
✧★✩★✪ ✾✿✮✮✭✮✯ ❂ ✧★✩★✪ ✾✿✮✮✭✮✯
❈
✧★✩★✪ ❃❄❅✪❆★✬❇ ❉
✫✧ ✾✿✮✮✭✮✯
✫✧ ✾❅❏▲✮❑

✗✘✙✚✙✛ ✗✘✙✚✙✛ ✜ ✢✣✤ ✥ ✦✣

✁✂✄☎☎✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 248: Motor Running state logic

If the current rises above FLA x Overload Factor while in the Running state, the Motor Overload operand is set. If
the current then falls below FLA x Overload Factor, the Motor Overload operand is reset and the Running operand
is set.

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Chapter 14 - Status

☛☞✌✍✎✏✑✒ ✓✏✔✏☞ ✕✔✖✔✑✒

✵✶✷✶✸ ❂❃❄❄❅❄❆
✵✶✷✶✸ ✹✺✻✸✼✶✽✾
❇
❉✵ ❂❃❄❄❅❄❆ ❈
❉✵ ❂✻❊❋❄●
❉✵ ❉✷✽❍❅✼❅■❅❄❆ ✿ ✧★✩✪★✫✬✭✮ ✫✯✩✰✱✲✳✴
❀
❁ ✵✶✷✶✸ ✹✺✻✸✼✶✽✾
✧★✩✪★✫✬✭✮ ✫✯✩✰✱✲✳✴
❉✵ ❂✻❊❋❄● ▼❄❅✷ ◆❖✾ ✿
❀
❁
❉✵ ❏❅✻✼✾ ❑▲▲✼❅✻✾

✗✘✙✚✙✛ ✗✘✙✚✙✛ ✜ ✢✣✤ ✥ ✦✣ ✁✂✄☎✂✆✝✞✟✠✡

Figure 249: Motor Overload state logic

In 2-Speed Motor applications, when the motor is switched from speed 1 to speed 2, FLA and CT Primary switch to
Speed2 Motor FLA and Speed2 CT Primary (both set under System > Motor > Setup). In addition, during the
transition from speed 1 to speed 2 the current may drop below 2% and the Motor Stopped status may become true.
To prevent this, if the previous status is Running (or Starting or Overload), the 2-Speed Motor Protection is enabled,
and the Speed2 Motor Switch is true, then the motor status (Motor Running, Starting or Overload) is maintained for
1 second. After 1 second, if the motor current detected is less than the FLA x OL setting, the Motor Running
operand is maintained; otherwise either the Overload or Stopped condition is declared.
During a transition from speed 2 to speed 1, if the previous status is Running (Starting or Overload), the 2-Speed
Motor Protection is enabled, and the Speed2 Motor Switch is true, then the motor status (Motor Running, Starting or
Overload) is maintained for Speed2 Switch 2-1 Delay + 1 second.

THERMAL CAPACITY USED

Range: 0 to 100%
Default: 0%
The Thermal Capacity Used value is continuously calculated and displayed when the thermal model element is
enabled. When RTD Bias is enabled, this value shows the biased thermal capacity used.

ESTIMATED TRIP TIME ON OL

Range: 0 to 65000 s in steps of 1
Default: 0 s
The Estimated Time to Trip on OL is displayed when the motor is Starting, Running or in Overload condition.
This value represents the estimated time to trip (in seconds) from the thermal model assuming that the motor
current remains at its current level. It is obtained from the thermal model curve and takes into account that some
percent of the thermal capacity has already been used. When RTD Bias is enabled, Estimated Trip Time on OL
will take into account biased thermal capacity used.

Note:
The Start Inhibit lockout times (four values: Thermal Lockout, Max Start Rate, Time Btwn Starts, and Restart Delay) are
constantly displayed regardless of the motor status. The times continuously decrease and when any value reaches zero, the
respective lockout is removed.

Thermal Lockout Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Sig Shot Restart LO Time: 0 min

Range: 0 to 60 min

Max Start Rate LO Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s

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Max C/H Start Rate LO Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Time Btwn Starts LO Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Restart Delay LO Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Total Motor Lockout Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s
The Total Motor Lockout Time displays the highest value of all calculated Start Inhibit lockout times: Thermal,
Maximum Starting Rate, Time Between Starts and Restart Delay.

Autorestart Total Attempts

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Autorestart Total Delay

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Autorestart in Progress
Range: Yes, No

UVR Power Loss Time

Range: 0 to 65000 s

Motor Speed
Range: Low Speed, High Speed
Default: Low Speed
The motor is running at high speed when 2-Speed motor protection is employed and the Speed2 Motor Switch is
closed. Otherwise, the motor speed will be determined as Low Speed.

Motor Running Hours

Range: 0 to 100000 hrs
Motor Running Hours shows the total motor running time.

Backspin Detection State

Range: N/A, Motor Slowing Down, No Backspin, Motor Accelerating, Backspinning, Prediction, Soon to Restart,
Allow Restart, BSD Restart Inhibit

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Chapter 14 - Status

14.4 BREAKER STATUS

The status of the breaker/breakers is displayed individually. If the selected trip output relay is Form A-type, the
status of the breaker Trip and Close circuitry is also displayed here. The screen also includes the total accumulated
arcing current information for the breaker.
Path:Status > Breaker > Breaker X Status

STATE
Range: Not Configured, Opened, Closed, Disconnected, State Unknown
The Unknown state is displayed upon discrepancy of the 52a and 52b contacts for more than 30 milliseconds.
Range: Not Set, Fail, OK
The Close coil state is displayed when Form -A output relays are used, and Close Coil monitoring is enabled.

TOTAL ARCING CURRENT

Range: 0.00 to 42949672.95 kA2-cyc in steps of 0.01
The measure of arcing current from all three phases during breaker trips. Refer to the Breaker Arcing Current
element description (under Setpoints > Monitoring > Breaker) for more details.

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14.5 INFORMATION
Path: Status > Information > Relay Info
The Information pages display fixed device information. the pages are divided into three sections: Main CPU,
Comms CPU, and Hardware Versions.

Main CPU
The Information related to the Main CPU is displayed here.
Path: Status > Information > Relay Info > Main CPU
● Order Code: The installed Order Code
● Product Serial #: The relay serial number
● Hardware Revision: The hardware revision of the relay
● Firmware Version: The firmware version of the Main CPU
● Firmware Date: The Main CPU firmware build date in the format mm/dd/yyyy
● Firmware Time: The Main CPU firmware build time
● Boot 1/2 Version: The boot 1/2 code version of the Main CPU
● Boot 1/2 Date: The Main CPU boot 1/2 code build date in the format mm/dd/yyyy
● Boot 1/2 Time: The Main CPU boot 1/2 code build time
● MAC Address 1: The MAC address for copper Ethernet port 1
● Remote CANBUS RMIO: The commissioned value of the CANBUS IO is displayed here. If the relay has
never been commissioned then the value is None, i.e. default = None and Range = 6 alphanumeric
characters.
● NUM of RMIO RTDs: The number of remote RTDs detected

Comms CPU
The Information related to the Comms CPU is displayed here.
Path: Status > Information > Relay Info > Comms CPU
● Comms CPU FW Version: The firmware version of the Comms CPU
● Comms CPU Firmware Date:The Comms CPU firmware build date in the format mm/dd/yyyy
● Comms CPU Firmware Time: The Comms CPU firmware build time
● Boot Version: The boot code version of the Comms CPU
● Boot Date: The Comms CPU boot code build date in the format mm/dd/yyyy
● Boot Time: The Comms CPU boot code build time
● MAC Address 1: The MAC address for Ethernet port 4
● MAC Address 2: The MAC address for Ethernet port 5

Hardware versions
Path: Status > Information > Relay Info > Hardware Versions
The Information related to the relay hardware is displayed here.

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Chapter 14 - Status

Figure 250: Information for Hordware Versions

● FPGA Firmware Version: The firmware version of the FPGA

● IO F CPLD: The version of the CPLD in IO slot F
● IO G CPLD: The version of the CPLD in IO slot G
● AN J CPLD: The version of the CPLD in analog slot J
● AN K CPLD: The version of the CPLD in analog slot K
● Display CPLD: The version of the CPLD of the display

Environment
The Information related to Environmental is displayed here.

Note:
The Temperature Display setpoint can be changed from Celsius to Fahrenheit under Setpoints > Device > Installation.

Path: Status > Information > Environment

● Instantaneous Temperature: The most recent temperature measurement taken by the EAM.
● Firmware Version: The software version of the EAM module found in the relay.
● Last Poll Date/ Time: The date and time on which the last measurements were recorded in the format
MM/DD/YY and HH/MM/SS.
● Average Humidity: The average of all the humidity measurements taken over time (last 1 hr) by the EAM.
● Maximum Humidity: The maximum humidity measurement taken by the EAM since it began recording data.
● Minimum Humidity: The minimum humidity measurement taken by the EAM since it began recording data.
● Average Ambient Temp: The average of all the instantaneous temperature measurements taken over time
(last 1 hr) by the EAM.
● Maximum Ambient Temp: The maximum temperature taken by the EAM since it began recording data.
● Minimum Ambient Temp: The minimum temperature taken by the EAM since it began recording data.
● Humidity (e.g. <30%): The accumulated amount of time (hrs) that the humidity measured by the EAM stayed
in the range specified.
● Temp (e.g. <=-20°C): The accumulated amount of time (hrs) that the temperature measured by the EAM
stayed in the range specified.
● Temp and Humidity (e.g. >40°C and <55%): The accumulated amount of time (hrs) that the temperature
and humidity measured by the EAM stayed in the ranges specified.
● Surge Count: The number of surge (>500 V/1.2/50 µS) events that have occurred since the EAM started
recording data.
The Information related to settings changes and settings file history is displayed here.

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Chapter 14 - Status

Settings Audit
Path: Status > Information > Settings Audit
● Last Setting Change: The date and time of the last setting change.
● File Modified:
● File Received:
● File Origin:
● File Name:

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14.6 COMMUNICATIONS STATUS

14.6.1 GOOSE
The relay supports 16 GOOSE transmissions and 64 GOOSE receptions each with 64 items per transmission or
reception. Non-structured GOOSE is supported. Each item within the GOOSE message can be a digital or analog
value. Messages are launched within one scan of a digital point status change or an analog exceeding its
deadband.
The server supports a subset of the server features described in part 7.2 of the IEC61850 standard.
Goose Messaging
The details are shown in the table below:
Service Launch Support for Programmable # of Tx # of Rx Test Bit Number of items in Number of remote
Speed* time to live Support each transmission inputs per relay
or reception
Configurabl Within 2 ms Time to live programmable 16 64 Y 64 Data Items per 32
e GOOSE (1 CPU from 1000 to 60000 ms Data Set
scan)*
* Launch speed is measured by comparing the time stamp in SOE of digital remote output status change to the time
stamp of message seen on the network by a computer who’s clock is synchronized by an IRIG-B card to the same
IRIG-B source as the relay.

Note:
IRIG-B is not available for the 859

14.6.2 COMMUNICATIONS STATUS SETTINGS

REMOTE INPUTS
Path:Status > Communications > Remote Inputs
The present state of the 32 remote inputs are shown here. The state displayed is the remote point unless the
remote device has been established to be Offline in which case the value shown is the programmed default state for
the remote input.

GGIO1 INDICATIONS
Path:Status > Communications > GGIO1 Indications
The present state of the 32 GGIO1 Indications are shown here. There are up to 32 GGIO indications that can be
used to map any FlexLogic operand into the IED 61850 information model. Default value is “Off”.

GOOSE STATUS
Path: Status > Communications > GOOSE Status
Range: OFF, ON
Default: OFF
This setting indicates GOOSE communications are being received. A GOOSE STATUS of “ON” indicates
successful receipt of the last GOOSE packet. A GOOSE STATUS of “OFF” indicates the communications link
has failed, with the speed this setting changes determined by the Update Time setting configured under GOOSE
Transmission.

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Chapter 14 - Status

GOOSE HEADER
Path:Status > Communications > GOOSE HDR Status
Range: OFF, ON
Default: OFF
This setting validates the GOOSE packet structure. A GOOSE HEADER STATUS of “ON” indicates that the
structure of the last GOOSE packet was valid.

GOOSE ANALOG
Path:Status > Communications > GOOSE Analog AV
FLOAT 1 to 24
Range:
Default: 0.0
SINT32 1 to 8
Range:
Default: 0

IEC 61850 STATUS

Path:Status > Communications > IEC 61850 Status
COMMS NOT VALIDATED OK
Range: NO, YES
Default: NO
COMMS NOT VALIDATED DONE
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES
COMMS VALIDATED OK
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES
COMMS VALIDATED DONE
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES
MAIN NOT VALIDATED OK
Range: NO, YES
Default: NO
MAIN NOT VALIDATED DONE
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES
MAIN VALIDATED OK
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES

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Chapter 14 - Status

MAIN VALIDATED DONE

Range: YES, NO
Default: YES
NOT RUNNING.ERROR CID
Range: NO, YES
Default: NO
RUNNING.DEFAULT CID
Range: NO, YES
Default: NO
RUNNING.SAVING CID TO FLASH
Range: NO, YES
Default: NO
CID HANDLING DONE
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES
NUMBER OF CONNECTED CLIENTS
Default: 0
CLIENT 1(8) IP ADDRESS
Range: 0, 0XFFFFFFFF
Default: 0

ACTIVITY STATUS
The communication state for each enabled communication type is shown by its value. The main CPU and Comms
software sets/resets the active bits for all enabled communication types. The communication state bits are not
latched.
Path:Status > Communications > Activity Status
SERIAL MODBUS
Range: NONE, ACTIVE
Default: NONE
ETHERNET MODBUS
Range: NONE, ACTIVE
Default: NONE

Note:
The MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT specifies the minimum time without Modbus communication. This timeout is used to
declare the Modbus ‘Loss of Communication’ state. The MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT must be set to a value other than 0
for the Serial Modbus and Ethernet Modbus Activity Status to work properly.

Note:
MODBUS ACTIVITY TIMEOUT is set under:Setpoints > Device > Communications > Modbus Protocol

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Chapter 14 - Status

CONNECTIONS
Path:Status > Communications > Connections
MMS TCP - Maximum
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
MMS TCP - Remaining
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
Modbus TCP - Maximum
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
Modbus TCP - Remaining
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
DNP TCP - Maximum
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
DNP TCP - Remaining
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
IEC - 104 - Maximum
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
IEC - 104 - Remaining
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
OPC - UA - Maximum
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
OPC - UA - Remaining
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
SFTP - Maximum
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0
SFTP - Remaining
Range: 0 to 99 in steps of 1
Default: 0

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Chapter 14 - Status

14.7 OTHER STATUS SETTINGS

Switches
Path: Status > Switches

SWITCH 1(X)
Range: Not Configured, Opened, Closed, Intermittent, Discrepancy
Default: Not Configured

Last Trip Data

There is no Enabling/Disabling of this feature. It is always ON.
Path: Status > Last Trip Data
CAUSE
Range: Off, Any FlexLogic Operand
Default: No trip to Date
EVENT
Range: 0 to 4294967295 in steps of 1
Default: 0
DATE
Range: MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM
Default: 01/01/08 00:00:00
PARAMETER 1 to 64
Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647 in steps of 1
Default: 0

Arc Flash
Path: Status > Arc Flash > Arc Flash 1
The status value shows the state of the given Flex operand related to Arc Flash protection.
Light 1(4) PKP
Range: ON, OFF
HS Phase IOC PKP A/B/C
Range: ON, OFF
HS Ground IOC PKP
Range: ON, OFF
Arc Flash OP
Range: ON, OFF

Contact Inputs
Path: Status > Contact Inputs
The status of the Contact Inputs is shown here (see device menu via the menu path). The Off/On display indicates
the logic state of the Contact Input.

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Chapter 14 - Status

Output Relays
Path: Status > Output Relays
The status of all output relays is shown here, see above. In the Parameter column, the value indicates the label on
the output terminal. The Value column indicates the present ON or OFF state of the output relay.

Virtual Inputs
Path: Status > Virtual Inputs 1(X)
The state of all virtual inputs is shown here, see next figure. The value for each Virtual Input is shown on the control
panel graphically as a toggle switch in either the On (|) state or the Off (O) state.

Figure 251: Status of Virtual Inputs, HMI

Figure 252: Status of Virtual Inputs, EnerVista D&I Setup software

Virtual Outputs
Path: Status > Virtual Outputs
The state of all virtual outputs is shown here, see next figure. The value for each Virtual Output is shown on the
control panel graphically as a toggle switch in either the On (|) state or the Off (O) state.

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Chapter 14 - Status

Figure 253: Status of Virtual Outputs, HMI

Figure 254: Status of Virtual Outputs, EnerVista D&I Setup software

Flex State
Path: Status > Flex States
There are 256 Flex state bits available. The status value indicates the state of the given Flex state bit.

Device Status
The general status of system components is displayed here.
Path: Status > Device Status

RUNNING, SAVING CID to FLASH

Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

CID HANDLING DONE

Range: YES, NO
Default: YES

SELF-TEST FAULT
Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

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Chapter 14 - Status

MAINTENANCE
Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

IN SERVICE
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES

PICKUP STATE
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES

BREAKER X CONNECTED
Range: YES, NO
Default: YES

BREAKER X CLOSED
Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

BREAKER X TRIPPED
Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

ALARM
Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

TRIP
Range: YES, NO
Default: NO

ACTIVE GROUP
Range: SP Group 1-6 Active
Default: SP Group 1 Active

Clock Status
Path: Status > Clock

SYSTEM CLOCK
Range: MMM DD YY HH:MM:SS

RTC SYNC SOURCE

Range: None, Port 4 PTP Clock, Port 5 PTP Clock, IRIG-B, SNTP Server 1, SNTP Server 2
The RTC SYNC SOURCE actual value is the time synchronizing source the relay is using at present.

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Chapter 14 - Status

Note:
RIG-B is not available for the 859

PTP Status
The present values of the PTP protocol are displayed here.
Path:Status > PTP
Grandmaster ID is the grandmaster Identity code being received from the present PTP grandmaster, if any. When
the relay is not using any PTP grandmaster, this actual value is zero. The grandmaster Identity code is specified by
PTP to be globally unique, so one can always know which clock is grandmaster in a system with multiple
grandmaster-capable clocks.
RTC Accuracy is the estimated maximum time difference at present in the Real Time Clock (RTC), considering the
quality information imbedded in the received time signal, how long the relay has had to lock to the time source, and
in the case of time signal interruptions, the length of the interruption. The value 999,999,999 indicates that the
magnitude of the estimated difference is one second or more, or that the difference cannot be estimated.
Port 4 (5) PTP State is the present state of the port’s PTP clock. The PTP clock state is:
● DISABLED: If the port’s function setting is Disabled
● NO SIGNAL: If enabled but no signal from an active master has been found and selected
● CALIBRATING: If an active master has been selected but lock is not at present established
● SYNCH’D (NO PDELAY): If the port is synchronized, but the peer delay mechanism is non-operational
● SYNCHRONIZED: If the port is synchronized

HMI Display
The HMI Display menu option opens a virtual HMI Display window within the EnerVista D&I Setup software. The
virtual HMI display provides front panel access to the relay with clickable buttons and realtime display of the front
panel, including navigation and viewing relay settings, screens, and LEDs.
Path:Status > HMI Display

Note:
The HMI Display functionality is not available with the Advanced Cybersecurity option

Note:
IRIG-B is not available for the 859

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CHAPTER 15

METERING
Chapter 15 - Metering

15.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter provides some information about the device maintenance.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 603
Metering Overview 604
Metering Summary 607
Motor functions 608
Impedance/admittance 613
Currents 614
Neutral IOC 616
Voltages 617
Frequency 620
Harmonics 622
Power functions 623
Energy 627
Demand 630
Power Demand 631
Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure 632
Resistance Temperature Detectors 633
Resistance Temperature Detectors 634
FlexElements 635

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Chapter 15 - Metering

15.2 METERING OVERVIEW

All phasors calculated by 8 Series relays and used for protection, control and metering functions are rotating
phasors, that maintain the correct phase angle relationships with each other at all times.
For display and oscillography purposes, all phasor angles in a given relay are referred to an AC input channel pre-
selected as the phase A voltage. If there is no voltage input, the phase A current is used for angle reference. The
phase angle of the reference signal always display zero degrees and all other phase angles are relative to this
signal. If the preselected reference signal is not measurable at a given time, the phase angles are not referenced.
The phase angles are always presented as negative values in the lagging direction as illustrated in the following.

Figure 255: Phase Angle Measurement 8 Series Convention

The relay measures all RMS (root mean square) currents and voltages, frequency, and all auxiliary analog inputs.
Other values like neutral current, phasor symmetrical components, power factor, power (real, reactive, apparent),
are derived. A majority of these quantities are recalculated every protection pass and perform protection and
monitoring functions. Displayed metered quantities are updated approximately three (3) times a second for
readability. All phasors and symmetrical components are referenced to the A-N voltage phasor for wye-connected
VTs; to the A-B voltage phasor for delta-connected VTs; or to the phase A current phasor when no voltage signals
are present.

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Figure 256: An example of the Metering menu (not representative of all models)

Figure 257: An example of the Metering Summary submenu

All the measured values can be viewed on the front panel display or monitored by remote devices through the
communication system. An example of the HMI display showing actual currents is shown here.

Figure 258: An example of HMI display showing actual currents

The measured values can also be displayed in the PC (EnerVista D&I Setup software). An example follows.

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Figure 259: Current Metering Screen

The complete list of actual values available in the Metering menu is covered in the following sections.

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15.3 METERING SUMMARY

Path: Metering > Summary
The Metering Summary menu consists of three display screens, including a graphical presentation of key phasor
quantities as shown below:

Figure 260: Metering summary screens

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15.4 MOTOR FUNCTIONS

15.4.1 MOTOR LOAD

Path: Metering > Motor > Motor Load

MOTOR LOAD
Range: 0.00 to 40.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
The value represents the average of the three RMS load currents.

MOTOR CURRENT UNBALANCE

Range: 0.0 to 6553.5% in steps of 0.1%
The Current Unbalance is defined as the ratio of negative-sequence to positive-sequence current, I2 / I1 when
the motor is operating at a load (Iavg) greater than FLA. If the motor Iavg is less than FLA, unbalance is defined
as I2 / I1 × Iavg / FLA. A full explanation of the calculation of this value is presented for the Current Unbalance
element.

MOTOR VOLTAGE UNBALANCE

Range: 0.0 to 6553.5% in steps of 0.1%
Voltage unbalance is the ratio of negative-sequence to positive-sequence voltage, V2/V1.

THERM MODEL BIASED LOAD

Range: 0.00 to 40.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
This value represents the unbalance bias motor load that shows the equivalent motor heating current caused by
the Unbalance Bias K factor.

FLTD MODEL LOAD

Range: 0.00 to 40.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
The value represents the average of the three filtered RMS load currents. The filtered RMS load currents
represent the moving average of the RMS values obtained by using the motor load averaging filter of length
equal to setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL (set under System > Motor > Setup). Motor load
averaging filter is only applicable when MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL is set non-zero. Otherwise, this value
is equal to the Motor Load.

FLTD RMS Cur A/B/C

Range: 0.000 to 120000.000 A
This value represents the filtered value of the RMS phase current A/B/C. The filtered RMS phase current
represents the moving average of the RMS values obtained by using the motor load averaging filter of length
equal to the setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL (set under System > Motor > Setup). The Motor load
averaging filter is only applicable when MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL is set non-zero. Otherwise, this value
is equal to the platform RMS phase current.

FLTD MAG Cur A/B/C

Range: 0.000 to 120000.000 A
This value represents the filtered value of the phasor magnitude (Mag) phase current A/B/C. The filtered Mag
phase current represents the moving average of the Mag values obtained by using the motor load averaging

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filter of length equal to the setpoint MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL (set under System > Motor > Setup).
The Motor load averaging filter is only applicable when MOTOR LOAD FILTER INTERVAL is set non-zero.
Otherwise, this value is equal to the platform RMS phase current.

15.4.2 SPEED
Path: Metering > Motor > Speed

SPEED
Range: 0 to 8640 RPM in steps of 1
Default: 0

15.4.3 BROKEN ROTOR BAR

The effective operating quantities of the Broken Rotor Bar element are displayed here.
Path: Metering > Motor > Broken Rotor Bar

Note:
The algorithm runs only for the “Motor Running” condition and is blocked on any other motor status. The sample gathering
and processing takes approximately 11 seconds in 60 Hz and 13 seconds in 50 Hz system, after all blocks are removed and
all supervising conditions are satisfied.

15.4.4 STATOR INTER-TURN FAULT

Path: Metering > Motor > Stator Inter-Turn Fault

OPERATING QUANTITY
Range: 0.000 to 20.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.400
This value represents the operating quantity of the Stator Inter-Turn Fault element.

LEARNED UNBAL Z
Range: 0.000 to 10.000 in steps of 0.001

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Default: 0.200
This value represents the inherent asymmetries in the machine at the time of commissioning and without stator
inter-turn fault. This value is defined as Unbalance Base Impedance (ZUBbase) and calculated during the learning
phase of the Stator Inter-Turn Fault algorithm.

TIME OF LEARNED UNBAL Z CALC

Range: Date/Time Format (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS)
Default: 01/01/08 00:00:00
This value represents the time when the learning phase has finished the calculation of the last averaged
Unbalance Base Impedance (ZUBbase).

MAX OPERATING QUANTITY

Range: 0.000 to 20.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.500
This value represents the maximum of the operating quantity.

MAX LEARNED UNBAL Z

Range: 0.000 to 10.000 in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.200
This value represents the maximum of the learned Unbalance Base Impedance (ZUBbase).

15.4.5 BEARING, MECHANICAL AND STATOR FAULT

Path: Metering > Motor > Bearing Fault Baseline
Path: Metering > Motor > Bearing Fault Monitoring
Path: Metering > Motor > Mech Fault Baseline
Path: Metering > Motor > Mech Fault Monitoring
Path: Metering > Motor > Stator Fault Baseline
Path: Metering > Motor > Stator Fault Monitoring

AVG NORM PEAK MAG at k = 1 (2 or 3)

Normalized peak magnitude in dB at each frequency is calculated as the ratio of FFT magnitudes at specific
frequency for the rated magnitude of the same quantity (rated current^2 in this case) for each k-factor. These
normalized peak magnitude values are computed and stored continuously during baseline mode for each load bin
and k-factor. All the dB values are averaged for each load bin and k-factor and stored as Avg. Norm Peak Mag @
k=1,2,3 in a file at the end of baseline period.

AVG ENERGY AT PEAK MAG at k=1 (2 or 3)

Energy magnitude in dB is extracted as the ratio of root mean square of three frequency components (for each k-
factor) around the highest normalized peak magnitude for the rated magnitude of the same quantity (rated current^2
in this case). These energy values are computed and stored continuously during baseline mode for each load bin.
All the dB values are averaged for each load bin value and stored as Avg. Energy at Peak Mag at k=1,2,3 in a file at
the end of the baseline period.

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MAX STD DEV PEAK MAG [N]

Std Dev Peak Mag represents the recurring standard deviation of peak dB magnitudes computed from data
samples collected during baseline period for a specific load bin N (1 to 12). Std Dev is computed for peak dB data
corresponding to k=1,2 and 3 (fault frequencies) for bearing, mechanical and at fault frequencies for stator.

LOAD BIN
Load bin (1 to 12) represents at which loading condition the motor (or bearing, or mechanical fault, or stator fault) is
computed from the 1 to >110% range with each bin comprising 10% load interval and 100% representing rated load.

TIME OF BASELINE COMPUTATION

Time of baseline computation is the time extracted when the Avg. highest normalized peak magnitude (base line)
and Avg. energy at peak magnitude (base line) values are computed at the end of the base line period.

NORMALIZED PEAK MAGNITUDE at k=1 (2 or 3)

Normalized Peak Magnitude in dB represents the peak magnitude observed in FFT computation at all
corresponding fault frequencies representing fault at k = 1,2,3 for a specific load bin.

ENERGY AT PEAK MAG at k=1 (2 or 3)

Energy at Peak Magnitude in dB represents the area observed within +/- 0.5 Hz region in FFT computation at the
fault frequency corresponding to NORMALIZED PEAK MAGNITUDE at k=1 (2 or 3) for a specific load bin.

MAX CHANGE IN MAG dB at k=1 (2 or 3)

Max Change in Mag in dB represents the highest after the difference between normalized dB magnitude calculated
with respect to baseline normalized peak magnitude dB (for all k-factors) for a specific load bin.

MAX CHANGE IN ENERGY at k=1 (2 or 3)

Max Change in Energy in dB, represents the highest difference between energy magnitude calculated with respect
to baseline energy dB (for all k-factors) for a specific load bin.

ESTIMATED SPEED
The relay estimates speed based on rated input power, rated speed and power input to the motor. This field
displays estimated speed.

TIME OF FAULT COMPUTATION

This time represents the local time at which the Highest normalized peak and energy magnitudes are computed
within each ESA cycle.

15.4.6 SHORT CIRCUIT

Path:Metering > Motor > Short Circuit

Note:
These values are only seen if Setpoints > Protection > Group1 > Motor > Short Circuit > Function = NOT Disabled.

SC RMS Ia
Range: 0.000 to 120000.000 A in steps of 0.001

SC RMS Ib
Range: 0.000 to 120000.000 A in steps of 0.001

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SC RMS Ic
Range: 0.000 to 120000.000 A in steps of 0.001

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15.5 IMPEDANCE/ADMITTANCE

15.5.1 NEUTRAL ADMITTANCE

Path: Metering > Admittance > Neutral Admittance 1[X]

Ntrl Admit Mag

Range: 0.00 to 230,000.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 0.00 mS
This value represents the magnitude of the neutral admittance seen by the relay.

Ntrl Admit Angle

Range: -359.9° to 359.9° in steps of 0.1°
Default: 0.0°
This value represents the angle of the neutral admittance.

Ntrl Conductance
Range: -230,000.00 to 230,000.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 0.00 mS
This value represents the magnitude of the neutral admittance seen by the relay.

Ntrl Susceptance
Range: -230,000.00 to 230,000.00 mS in steps of 0.01 mS
Default: 0.00 mS
This value represents the magnitude of the neutral susceptance seen by the relay.

15.5.2 POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE

The positive sequence impedance is shown here. The ohm values are presented in secondary ohms. Positive
sequence impedance 1 is calculated using 3-phase J1 Currents and 3-phase J2 Voltages. Positive sequence
impedance 2 is calculated using 3-phase K1 Currents and 3-phase J2 Voltages.
Path: Metering > Impedance > Positive Impedance x

Z1 Resistance
Range: 0.00 to 6553.50 ohms in steps of 0.01

Z1 Reactance
Range: 0.00 to 6553.50 ohms in steps of 0.01

Z1 Magnitude
Range: 0.00 to 6553.50 ohms in steps of 0.01

Z1 Angle
Range: -359.9° to 359.9° in steps of 0.1

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15.6 CURRENTS

Note:
The number of Currents supported is order code dependent.

The CT bank names shown are set in the CT Bank Name setpoints under Setpoints > System > Current Sensing
> CT Bank X.

Note:
Below is a complete list of quantities. The quantities visible to you will depend on the model and order code

Path: Metering > CT Bank 1-J1 (CT Bank 2-K1) (CT Bank 3-K2) (CT Bank 4-JK)

Phase A/B/C (Ia/Ib/Ic) 0.000 A

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Ground (Ig)
Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Sensitive Ground (Isg)

Range: 0.000 to 1200.000 A

Neutral (In)
Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Phase A/B/C (Ia/Ib/Ic RMS)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Ground (Ig RMS)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Sensitive Ground (Isg RMS)

Range: 0.000 to 1200.000 A

Neutral (In RMS)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Phase A/B/C Angle (Ia/Ib/Ic Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Ground Angle (Ig Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Sensitive Ground Angle (Isg Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

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Neutral Angle (In Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Average (I AVG)
Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Zero Sequence (I_0)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Positive Sequence (I_1)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Negative Sequence (I_2)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Zero Sequence (I_0 Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Positive Sequence Angle (I_1 Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Negative Sequence Angle (I_2 Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Ground Differential (Igd)

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Ground Differential Angle (Igd Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Load (I%) (not applicable to all models)

Range: 0.0 to 100.0%

Note:
Percent of load-to-trip is calculated from the phase with the highest current reading. This metered value is the ratio between
the highest phase current injected for the current bank, and the lowest pickup setting among all Phase Timed and
Instantaneous overcurrent elements. If all these elements are disabled, the value displayed is 0.

Note:
For example, if the lowest pickup is 0.5 xCT, and the highest injected phase current is 1 xCT, the displayed value for load-to-
trip is 200%.

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15.7 NEUTRAL IOC

Path: Metering > Neutral IOC

Neutral IOC1(X) Iop

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A
Default: 0 A
This value represents the operating quantity of the Neutral IOC element. For more details, see Neutral
Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection.

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15.8 VOLTAGES

Note:
The number of Voltages supported is order code dependent.

Note:
The VT bank names shown are set in the Phase VT Bank Name setpoints under Setpoints > System > Voltage Sensing >
VT.

Note:
Below is a complete list of quantities. The quantities visible to you will depend on the model and order code

Path: Metering > VT Bank > Ph VT Bnk1-J2 (Ph VT Bnk2-K2)

Phase A (Van)
Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase B (Vbn)
Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase C (Vcn)
Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase to Phase AB (Vab)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase to Phase BC (Vbc)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase to Phase CA (Vca)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Neutral (Vn)
Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase A (Van RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase B (Vbn RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase C (Vcn RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase to Phase AB (Vab RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

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Phase to Phase BC (Vbc RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase to Phase CA (Vca RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Neutral (Vn RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Phase A Angle (Van Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Phase B Angle (Vbn Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Phase C Angle (Vcn Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Phase to Phase AB Angle (Vab Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Phase to Phase BC Angle (Vbc Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Phase to Phase CA Angle (Vca Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Neutral Angle (Vn Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Average Phase to Phase (V AVG L-L)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Average Phase (V AVG L-N)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Zero Sequence (V0)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Positive Sequence (V1)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Negative Sequence (V2)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Zero Sequence Angle (V0 Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

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Positive Sequence Angle (V1 Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

Negative Sequence Angle (V2 Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°
Path: Metering > Aux VT Bank > Ax VT Bnk1-J2 (Ax VT Bnk2-K2)

Auxilary Voltage (Vaux)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Auxilary Voltage RMS (Vaux RMS)

Range: 0.00 to 600000.00 V

Auxilary Voltage Angle (Vaux Angle)

Range: 0.0 to 359.9°

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15.9 FREQUENCY

Note:
Below is a complete list of quantities. The quantities visible to you will depend on the model and order code

Path: Metering > Frequency 1 - J

Frequency (Current Input J1-CT)

Range: 2.000 to 90.000 Hz

CT Frequency
Range: 20 to 100 Hz

CT Frequency Rate of Change

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

Frequency Rate of Change (Current Input J1-CT)

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

Frequency (Phase Voltage Input J2-3VT)

Range: 2.000 to 90.000 Hz

3 VT Frequency
Range: 20 to 100 Hz

3 VT Frequency Rate of Change

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

Frequency Rate of Change (Phase Voltage Input J2-3VT)

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

Frequency (Auxiliary Voltage Input J2-Vx)

Range: 2.000 to 90.000 Hz

Frequency Rate of Change (Auxiliary Voltage Input J2-Vx)

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

Frequency (Phase Voltage Input LEA1)

Range: 2.000 to 90.000 Hz

Frequency Rate of Change (Phase Voltage Input LEA1)

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

Frequency (Phase Voltage Input LEA2)

Range: 2.000 to 90.000 Hz

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Frequency Rate of Change (Phase Voltage Input LEA2)

Range: -20.00 to 20.00 Hz/s

15.9.1 HIGH-SPEED FREQUENCY

Path: Metering > Hi-speed Freq
The high speed frequency and high speed rate of change monitored in the High-Speed Underfrequency element
are displayed here only if the High Speed Frequency is Enabled under the Common Setup section.
● High Speed Frequency
● High Speed ROCOF
Range: -120.00 to 120.00 Hz/s in steps of 0.01

HIGH-SPEED FREQ MAG

Range: 40.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps 0.01 Hz
Default: 60.00 Hz

HIGH-SPEED ROCOF
Range: -120.00 to 120.00 Hz/sec in steps 0.01 Hz/sec
Default: 0.00 Hz/sec

4TH HIGH-SPEED FREQ MAG

Range: 40.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps 0.01 Hz
Default: 60.00 Hz

4TH HIGH-SPEED ROCOF

Range: -120.00 to 120.00 Hz/sec in steps 0.01 Hz/sec
Default: 0.00 Hz/sec

15.9.2 FAST UNDERFREQUENCY

Path: Metering > Fast Underfrequency

FAST FREQUENCY
Range: 20.000 to 70.000 Hz in steps of 0.01

FAST RATE OF CHANGE

Range: -120.00 to 120.00 Hz/s in steps of 0.01

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15.10 HARMONICS

Note:
The number of Harmonics supported is dependent on the model and the order code.

All values relate to phase currents measured on the input cards (J1, etc.).
Path: Metering > Harmonics 1 - J1

Phase A/B/C Total Harmonic Distortion (Phase A/B/C THD)

Range: 0.0 to 100.0%

Phase A/B/C Second Harmonic (Phase A/B/C 2)

Range: 0.0 to 100.0%

Phase A/B/C Third Harmonic (Phase A/B/C 3)

Range: 0.0 to 100.0%
...

Phase A/B/C Twenty Fifth Harmonic (Phase A/B/C 25)

Range: 0.0 to 100.0%

15.10.1 HARMONIC DETECTION

The second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonics per phase are shown here. The harmonics values are presented in
percent relative to the fundamental magnitude.
It should be noted that the similar harmonic ratios and THD values are also displayed under the general metering
menus, Harmonics 1 - J1 Current, Harmonics 3 - K1 Current, or Harmonics 4 – K2 Current, where all values
are calculated every three cycles. The THD values used in the Harmonic Detection element are the same to the
general metering, so they are not shown here again. The harmonic ratios in the Harmonic Detection element are
calculated and updated every protection pass.
Path: Metering > Harmonic Detection

HD Ph A/B/C 2nd Harm

Range: 0.00 to 100.0%

HD Ph A/B/C 3rd Harm

Range: 0.00 to 100.0%

HD Ph A/B/C 4th Harm

Range: 0.00 to 100.0%

HD Ph A/B/C 5th Harm

Range: 0.00 to 100.0%

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15.11 POWER FUNCTIONS

15.11.1 POWER
The following figure illustrates the convention used for measuring power and energy in the 8 Series devices.

Note:
Power 1 is calculated using 3-phase J1 Currents & 3-phase J2 Voltages.

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❴✢✜✜✯ ❵ ❛✚✯✬✜✬✭✤ ❯❱
✙✢✧✯ ❵ ✐✤✣✢✜✬✭✤ ✹✼✻ ▲❇ ◆❇
❛❜ ❵ ❝✢✣ ✵✺
✵✼
❞✪✧✧✤✦✜ ❇❈ ❉ ❊●❏ ❇❈ ❉ ❊❋●❍
✹✽✻
✰✱✲✳✴✵✳✲ ✵✳✶ ❑✿
✷ ❲❳❨❩
❡❢❧❣
✥✤✦✤✧✢✜✚✧ ♠♥♦♣qrs♣t✉✈✇
Figure 261: Flow direction of signed values for watts and VARs

Path: Metering > Power 1(X)

Real Total (Real)

Range: - 214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW

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Chapter 15 - Metering

Reactive Total (Reactive)

Range: - 214748364.8 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar

Apparent Total (Apparent)

Range: 0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

Phase A Real (Ph A Real)

Range: - 214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW

Phase B Real (Ph B Real)

Range: - 214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW

Phase C Real (Ph C Real)

Range: - 214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW

Phase A Reactive (Ph A Reactive)

Range: - 214748364.8 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar

Phase B Reactive (Ph B Reactive)

Range: - 214748364.8 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar

Phase C Reactive (Ph C Reactive)

Range: - 214748364.8 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar

Phase A Apparent (Ph A Apparent)

Range: 0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

Phase B Apparent (Ph B Apparent)

Range: 0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

Phase C Apparent (Ph C Apparent)

Range: 0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

Power Factor Total (PF)

Range: 0.01 Lag to 1.00 to 0.01 Lead

Phase A Power Factor (Ph A PF)

Range: 0.01 Lag to 1.00 to 0.01 Lead

Phase B Power Factor (Ph B PF)

Range: 0.01 Lag to 1.00 to 0.01 Lead

Phase C Power Factor (Ph C PF)

Range: 0.01 Lag to 1.00 to 0.01 Lead

15.11.2 POWER FACTOR

Path: Metering > Power Factor

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The power factor value input to the power factor element(s) is displayed here. Note that the value may not be equal
to the power factor value displayed under Metering > Power 1 since the supervision conditions are applied in the
element.

POWER FACTOR 1(X)

Range: -0.99 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00

15.11.3 DIRECTIONAL POWER

Path: Metering > Directional Power
The effective operating quantities of the sensitive directional power elements are displayed here. The display may
be useful to calibrate the feature by compensating the angular errors of the CTs and VTs with the use of the RCA
and CALIBRATION settings.

Directional Power 1
Range: -214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW
Default: 0.0 kW
...

Directional Power X
Range: -214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW
Default: 0.0 kW

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15.12 ENERGY

15.12.1 ENERGY (X)

Note:
Below is a complete list of quantities. The quantities visible to you will depend on the model and order code.

Path: Metering > Energy > Energy 1(X)

Reset Energy D/T

Range: MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS

Positive Watt Hours (Pos WattHours)

Range: 0.000 MWh to 4294967.295 MWh

Pos WattHours Cost

Default: 0.00 $ to 42949672.95 $

Negative Watt Hours (Neg WattHours)

Range: 0.000 MWh to 4294967.295 MWh

Neg WattHours Cost

Default: 0.00 $ to 42949672.95 $

Positive Var Hours (Pos VarHours)

Range: 0.000 Mvarh to 4294967.295 Mvarh

Negative Var Hours (Neg VarHours)

Range: 0.000 Mvarh to 4294967.295 Mvarh

15.12.2 ENERGY LOG

Path: Metering > Energy 1 > Energy Log

Pwr1 Last Event Pos WattHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This is the logged value of Pos WattHours energy accumulated during the last event or shift interval. The shift
interval refers to the time between the last two reset commands, where the reset command refers to the rising
edge of the FlexLogic operand set under setpoint Reset Event Energy (Power Systems > Power Sensing). An
application example is the monitoring of the total energy accumulated at the end of an event or a shift interval.
An event/shift interval can be defined by the breaker status operand (open or closed).

Pwr1 Last Event Neg WattHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the logged value of Neg WattHours energy accumulated during the last event or shift interval.

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Pwr1 Last Event Pos VarHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 Mvarh in steps of 0.001 Mvarh
Default: 0.000 Mvarh
This value shows the logged value of Pos VarHours energy accumulated during the last event or shift interval.

Pwr1 Last Event Neg VarHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 Mvarh in steps of 0.001 Mvarh
Default: 0.000 Mvarh
This value shows the logged value of Neg VarHours energy accumulated during the last event or shift interval.

Pwr1 Today Pos WattHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the current value of Pos WattHours energy accumulated since the start of the day, that is time
00:00 (midnight). At the end of the day this value resets to zero and the total accumulated energy value is
logged as Yesterday Pos WattHours.

Pwr1 Today Neg WattHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the current value of Neg WattHours energy accumulated since the start of the day.

Pwr1 Today Pos VarHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 Mvarh in steps of 0.001 Mvarh
Default: 0.000 Mvarh
This value shows the current value of Pos VarHours energy accumulated since the start of the day.

Pwr1 Today Neg VarHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the current value of Neg VarHours energy accumulated since the start of the day.

Pwr1 Yesterday Pos WattHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the current value of Pos WattHours energy accumulated during the previous day. This value is
logged at the end of the day, midnight, or 23:59 hrs.

Pwr1 Yesterday Neg WattHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the current value of Neg WattHours energy accumulated during the previous day.

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Chapter 15 - Metering

Pwr1 Yesterday Pos VarHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 Mvarh in steps of 0.001 Mvarh
Default: 0.000 Mvarh
This value shows the current value of Pos VarHours energy accumulated during the previous day.

Pwr1 Yesterday Neg VarHours

Range: 0.000 to 4294967.295 MWh in steps of 0.001 MWh
Default: 0.000 MWh
This value shows the current value of Neg VarHours energy accumulated during the previous day.

Note:
All Energy Log values can be reset to zero using the command Energy Log Data under Records > Clear Records or by the
Flexlogic operand programmed by the setpoint ENERGY LOG DATA under Device > Clear Records. The Reset Energy Log
D/T in either case is recorded and displayed.

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Chapter 15 - Metering

15.13 DEMAND

15.13.1 CURRENT DEMAND

Note:
The number of Current Demand supported is Order Code dependent.

The relay measures Current Demand on each phase, and three phase Demand for real, reactive, and apparent
power. These parameters can be monitored to reduce supplier Demand penalties or for statistical metering
purposes. Demand calculations are based on the measurement type selected under Monitoring > Functions >
Demand. For each quantity, the relay displays the Demand over the most recent Demand time interval, the
maximum Demand since the last maximum Demand reset, and the time and date stamp of this maximum Demand
value. Maximum Demand quantities can be reset to zero at Records > Clear Records > Max Current Demand.

15.13.1.1 CURRENT DEMAND 1(X)

Path: Metering > Current Demand 1(X)

Cur1 Ph A/B/C Demand

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Cur1 Max Ph A/B/C Demand

Range: 0.000 to 12000.000 A

Cur1 D/T Ph A/B/C Demand MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS

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Chapter 15 - Metering

15.14 POWER DEMAND

For real/reactive/apparent power quantities, the relay displays the Demand values over the most recent time
interval. The time interval refers to the time since the last reset.
Power demand quantities can be reset to zero by either of the following methods:
● Records > Clear Records command - resets the corresponding demand quantities.
● Using any operand programmed under the setpoint Reset Demand (Monitoring > Functions > Demand) -
resets the max and min demand values
● using any operand programmed under Device > Clear Records - resets the max and min demand values.

Note:
If average current drops below 0.02 x CT, calculation of the minimum real/reactive/apparent demand is blocked, and metering
remains at the level measured at the time of the block.

Path: Metering > Power Demand x

RESETR DMD DATE/TIME

Range: MM/DD/YY 00:00:00

REAL DEMAND (REAL DMD)

Range: 0.0 kW to 214748364.7 kW

MAX REAL DMD

Range: 0.0 kW to 214748364.7 kW

DATE/TIME REAL DMD

Range: MM/DD/YY 00:00:00

REACTIVE DEMAND (REACTIVE DMD)

Range: 0.0 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar

MAX REACTIVE DMD

Range: 0.0 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar

D/T REACTIVE DMD

Range: MM/DD/YY 00:00:00

APPARENT DEMAND (APPARENT DMD)

Range: 0.0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

MAX APPARENT DMD

Range: 0.0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

D/T APPARENT DMD

Range: MM/DD/YY 00:00:00

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Chapter 15 - Metering

15.15 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER FUSE FAILURE

Path: Metering\VT Fuse Failure

VTFF 1(2) 3V0 3rd Harm

Range: 0.0 to 100.0%
Default: 0.0 %
This value represents the percentage of third harmonic content in 3V0. This value is calculated based on the
Phase VT Secondary

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15.16 RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS

Temperature can be displayed in Celsius or Fahrenheit. The selection is made in Setpoints > Device > Installation
> Temperature Display.
Path: Metering > RTDs

Hottest Stator RTD #

Range: 1 to 13

Hottest Stator RTD Temp

Range: -40 to 250°C (-40 to 482°F)
This value shows the hottest RTD temperature from the group of RTDs when the setpoint APPLICATION is set
to Stator. The other conditions to display this value are: RTD N must not be Disabled (both Trip and Alarm
functions) and must not be detected as Shorted or Open RTD.

Hottest Bearing RTD #

Range: 1 to 13

Hottest Bearing RTD Temp

Range: -40 to 250°C (-40 to 482°F)
This value shows the hottest RTD temperature from the group of RTDs when the setpoint APPLICATION is set
to Bearing.

RTD1(13)
Range: -40 to 250°C (-40 to 482°F)
Temperatures < -40°C are displayed as Shorted and temperatures > 250°C are displayed as Open RTD.

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15.17 RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS

Temperature can be displayed in Celsius or Fahrenheit. The selection is made in Setpoints > Device > Installation
> Temperature Display.
Path: Metering > RTD Maximums

Reset RTD Date/Time

Range: DD/MM/YY hh/mm/ss
Maximum RTD values can be cleared (reset) by setting the value of Setpoints > Records > Clear Records >
RTD Maximums to ON. Executing this command loads -40°C (or -40°F) as the initial Maximum RTD value.

RTD1(13) Max
Range: -40 to 250°C (-40 to 482°F)
Temperatures < -40°C are displayed as Shorted and temperatures > 250°C are displayed as Open RTD.

RTD1(13) Max Date/Time

Range: DD/MM/YY hh/mm/ss

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Chapter 15 - Metering

15.18 FLEXELEMENTS
Path: Metering > FlexElements
The operating signals for the FlexElements are displayed in pu values using the definitions of the base units in the
Definitions of the Base Unit for the FLEXELEMENT table. This table can be found in Setpoints > FlexLogic >
FlexElements.

FlexElement Operating Signals:

● FlexEI 1 Op Signal
● FlexEI 2 Op Signal
● FlexEI 3 Op Signal
● FlexEI 4 Op Signal
● FlexEI 5 Op Signal
● FlexEI 6 Op Signal
● FlexEI 7 Op Signal
● FlexEI 8 Op Signal

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CHAPTER 16

RECORDS
Chapter 16 - Records

16.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 637
Motor records 638
Events 643
Transient Records 647
Fault Reports 648
Data Logger 650
Breakers 651
Digital Counters 653
Remote Modbus Device 654
Clear Records 657

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Chapter 16 - Records

16.2 MOTOR RECORDS

16.2.1 MOTOR START RECORDS

When a motor start status is detected, a start data record is triggered and begins to sample and record the following
parameters at a rate of 1 sample every 100 ms:
Motor Start Record Values Type
True RMS values of the phase A current (Ia) FlexAnalog
True RMS values of the phase B current (Ib)
True RMS values of the phase C current (Ic)
Average of true RMS values of the three-phase currents (Iavg)
True RMS value of the ground current (Ig)
Current unbalance (%)

True RMS values of the phase A-N, B-N, and C-N voltages (Van, Vbn, and Vcn) if VT is Wye connected
or phase A-B, B-C and C-A voltages (Vab, Vbc, and Vca) if VT is delta connected.)
Average of the three-phase Voltage (V Avg L-N if VT is Wye Connected or V Avg L-L if VT is Delta
Connected)
Three-phase real power

Three-phase reactive power

Three-phase power factor

Thermal capacity used (%)

Frequency
Motor Status (Stopped, Starting, Running,Overload, Tripped) FlexLogic Operand

1-second pre-trigger data and 59-second post-trigger data are recorded. The data record ignores all subsequent
triggers and continues to record data until the active record is finished.
A total of 6 records are stored in the relay. Record # 1 is the baseline record; it is written to only by the first start that
occurs after the user clears the motor start records. Records #2 to 6 are a rolling buffer of the last 5 motor starts. A
new record automatically shifts the rolling buffer and overwrites the oldest record, #2.
The record files are formatted using the COMTRADE file format. The files can be downloaded and displayed via
EnerVista D&I Setup software. All the files are stored in non-volatile memory, so that information is retained when
power to the relay is lost.
The viewing, customizing and saving the Motor Start Records is the same as the Transient Records.
Clearing start records (Records > Clear Records > Motor Start Records) clears the stored files. The date and
time are recorded when clearing. An event ‘Clear Start Rec’ is sent to the Event Record. The records can also be
cleared using the EnerVista D&I Setup software.
Path: Records > Motor Start Records

16.2.2 MOTOR START STATISTICS

Path: Records > Motor Start Statistics 1(5)

START DATE/TIME
Range: mm/dd/yy and hh:mm:ss

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Chapter 16 - Records

Default: 01/01/08 and 00:00:00

START ACCELERATION TIME

Range: 0.000 to 250.000 s in steps of 0.001
Default: 0.000 s

START EFFECTIVE CURRENT

Range: 0.00 to 20.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 x FLA

START PEAK CURRENT

Range: 0.00 to 20.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Default: 0.00 x FLA
Up to five starts are reported. When the buffer is full the newest record overwrites the oldest one.

16.2.3 LEARNED DATA

The relay measures and records individual data records, as indicated below, all from actual motor operation. The
latest individual data record can be viewed using the Learned Data feature on the relay. The data, when input
cumulatively to the Learned Data Recorder (see below) can be used to evaluate changes/trends over time. Note
that learned values are calculated even when features requiring them are disabled.
The Learned Data recorder measures and records up to 250 data record “sets,” all from actual motor operation. The
data can be used to evaluate changes/trends over time. All available stored motor learned data records can only be
retrieved using the EnerVista D&I Setup software from the menu Records > Learned Data Records.
Clearing learned data (Records > Clear Records > Learned Data) resets all these values to their minimum values
and clears the stored file. The date and time is recorded when clearing. An event Clear Learned Rec is sent to the
Event Record. The next record is be captured after N successful starts.

Note:
Each of the learned features discussed below must not be used until at least N successful motor starts and stops have
occurred, where N is defined by the setting in Setpoints > System > Motor > Number Of Starts To Learn.

The last stored Motor Learned Data records can be viewed from the following menu.
Path: Records > Learned Data

RECORDS SINCE CLEAR

This value shows the number of records since the last clearance.

LAST CLEAR DATE/TIME

Range: MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS
This value is the date and time on which the record was cleared.

LEARNED ACCELERATION TIME

Range: 0.000 to 250.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
The learned acceleration time is the longest acceleration time measured over the last N successful starts, where
N is defined by the setting in Setpoints > System > Motor > Number Of Starts To Learn. Acceleration time is

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Chapter 16 - Records

the amount of time the motor takes to reach the running state from stopped. A successful motor start is one in
which the motor reaches the running state.
If acceleration time is relatively consistent, the learned acceleration time plus suitable margin can be used to
manually fine-tune the acceleration protection setting. The learned acceleration time must not be used until
several successful motor starts have been measured.

LEARNED STARTING CURRENT

Range: 0.00 to 20.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
The learned starting current is the average starting current measured over the last N successful starts, where N
is defined by the setting in Setpoints > System > Motor > Number Of Starts To Learn. The effective current is
used as starting current as defined in the element of Acceleration Time. A successful motor start is one in which
the motor reaches the running state.

LEARNED START TCU

Range: 0 to 100% in steps of 1%
The Learned Start Thermal Capacity is the largest Start Thermal Capacity Used value calculated by the thermal
model over the last N successful, where N is defined by the setting in Setpoints > System > Motor > Number
Of Starts To Learn. The Start Thermal Capacity Used is the amount of thermal capacity used during starting. A
successful motor start is the one in which the motor reaches the running state. If the thermal capacity used
during starting is relatively consistent, the Learned Start Thermal Capacity Used value plus suitable margin can
be used to manually fine-tune the thermal start inhibit margin. The Learned Start Thermal Capacity Used value
must not be used until at least N successful motor starts have occurred. The relayuses a sliding window of
length N successful motor starts to calculate the learned start TCU, which is the largest TCU value from the N
most recent successful starts.

LAST ACCELERATION TIME

Range: 0.000 to 250.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
The last acceleration time is measured after a successful motor start.

LAST STARTING CURRENT

Range: 0.00 to 20.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
The last starting current is measured after a successful motor start.

LAST START DATE/TIME

Range: MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS
This value specifies the date and time of the last start.

LAST START TCU

Range: 0 to 100% in steps of 1%
The last start thermal capacity used is measured after a successful motor start.

LEARNED AVERAGE LOAD

Range: 0.00 to 20.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
LEARNED AVERAGE LOAD is the average motor current, expressed as a multiple of FLA over a period of time,
when the motor status is Running or SM Running (in Synchronous Motor application). The period of data window
is tAVER, specified in Setpoints > System > Motor > Load Average Calc. Period. If the run time of a start/stop
sequence is less than tAVER, the LEARNED AVERAGE LOAD averages all available samples. The calculation
is ignored during motor starting. The data will be updated every tAVER minutes once the motor status is Running

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Chapter 16 - Records

or SM Running. In the case of two-speed motors with different FLA values for the two speeds, the FLA used for
each current sample is the one in effect at the time that sample was taken.

LEARNED AVERAGE kW
Range: 0.0 to 100000.0 kW in steps of 0.1 x kw
LEARNED AVERAGE kW is the average motor real power when the motor status is Running or SM Running.
The period of data window is tAVER, specified in Setpoints > System > Motor > Load Average Calc. Period. If
the run time of a start/stop sequence is less than tAVER, the LEARNED AVERAGE kW averages all available
samples. The calculation is ignored during motor starting. The data will be updated every tAVER minutes once
the motor status is Running or SM Running.

LEARNED AVERAGE kvar

Range: 0.0 to 100000.0 kvar in steps of 0.1 x kvar
LEARNED AVERAGE kvar is the average motor reactive power when the motor status is Running or SM
Running. The mechanism is the same as the LEARNED AVERAGE kW.

LEARNED AVERAGE PF
Range: -0.99 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
LEARNED AVERAGE PF is the average motor power factor when the motor status is Running. The mechanism
is the same as the LEARNED AVERAGE kW.

AVERAGE RUN TIME (DAYS/HR/MIN)

Range: 0 to 100000 Days; 0 to 23 Hours; 0 to 59 Minutes
The Average Run Time of the last N starts at the time the record was saved. If the amount of minutes exceeds
59, the Average Run Time (Hours) is increased by one, and this value rolls over to zero and continues. If the
amount of hours exceeds 23, the Average Run Time (Days) is increased by one, and this value rolls over to zero
and continues. N is defined by the setting in Setpoints > System > Motor > Number of Starts to Learn.

RTD 1(13) MAX TEMPERATURE

Range: -40 to 250°C
The maximum temperature experienced by each of the RTDs. Once a second each of the RTD temperature
values is captured. For each RTD, if the captured RTD temperature value is greater than the RTD maximum
temperature already stored, the RTD maximum temperature is set to the latest captured RTD temperature value.
The RTD maximum temperature values are maintained in non-volatile memory to carry over a relay power
interruption. RTD elements are configured accordingly.

RTD 1(13) MAX TEMPERATURE

Range: -40 to 250°C
The maximum temperature experienced by each of the RTDs. Once a second each of the RTD temperature
values is captured. For each RTD, if the captured RTD temperature value is greater than the RTD maximum
temperature already stored, the RTD maximum temperature is set to the latest captured RTD temperature value.
The RTD maximum temperature values are maintained in non-volatile memory to carry over a relay power
interruption. RTD elements are configured accordingly.

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Chapter 16 - Records

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✒✤✛✛✢ ✏✎ ✌❃✙✣✍

✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✓✕✢ ✗✏✎✑✛ ✍✓✵☞✍✔✕

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✣✕✓✜✎✖ ✕✤✘✏
✣✕✓✜✎✖ ✕✤✘✏ ✏✎ ✌❃✙✣✍

✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✓✕✢ ✗✏✎✑✛ ✽✓✗✏

✣✩✩✛✜✛✑✓✏✔✎✕ ✦✔★✛ ✏✎ ✌❃✙✣✍

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✣✩✩✛✜✛✑✓✏✔✎✕ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✽✛✓✑✕✛✢ ✣✩✩✛✜✛✑✓✏✔✎✕

✝ ✝✠✡
✏✱✲✲✳✴☎★✓✵✆✏ ✱✲✲✳✴✞✟✟✟✞✏ ✱✲✲✳✴☛
✏✔★✛ ✦✔★✛

✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✓✕✢ ✗✏✎✑✛ ✽✓✗✏ ✒✏✓✑✏✔✕✖

✥✘✑✑✛✕✏ ✏✎ ✌❃✙✣✍

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✒✏✓✑✏✔✕✖ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✽✛✓✑✕✛✢ ✒✏✓✑✏✔✕✖

✝ ✝✠✡
✁✂✄✂☎✆ ✁✂✄✂✞✟✟✟✞ ✁✂✄✂☛☞✌
✝
✛✫✛✩✏✔✬✛ ✩✘✑✑✛✕✏ ✁✭✮✭ ✥✘✑✑✛✕✏

✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✓✕✢ ✗✏✎✑✛ ✽✓✗✏ ✦✥✼ ✏✎

✌❃✙✣✍

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✦✧✛✑★✓✜ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✽✛✓✑✕✛✢ ✦✥✼ ✛✬✛✑✪ ✌

✝ ✝✠✡
✦✥✶✷✸✹☎★✓✵✆✦✥ ✺✄✝✻✞✟✟✟✞✦✥ ✺✄✝✻☛
✥✓✤✓✩✔✏✪ ✘✗✛✢ ✗✏✓✑✏✗

✥✎✎✜ ✦✔★✛ ☎ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✽✛✓✑✕✛✢ ✙✘✕✕✔✕✖☞

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✥✎✎✜ ✦✔★✛
✝
✣✬✛✑✓✖✛ ✆✥✎✎✜ ✦✔★✛ ✞✟✟✟✥✎✎✜ ✒✏✎✤✤✛✢ ✥✎✎✜ ✦✔★✛ ✥✎✕✗✏✓✕✏
✥✎✕✗✏✓✕✏✗
✝✠✡
✦✔★✛ ☛ ✛✬✛✑✪ ✌ ✗✏✓✑✏✗

✼✕❜✓✜ ❝✔✓✗ ❞ ✚✓✩✏✎✑ ☎

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✼✕❜✓✜ ❝✔✓✗ ❞ ✣✬✛✑✓✖✛ ✆✼✕❜✓✜ ❝✔✓✗ ❞ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✽✛✓✑✕✛✢ ✼✕❜✓✜ ❝✔✓✗ ❞

✚✓✩✏✎✑ ✝ ✚✓✩✏✎✑ ✛✬✛✑✪ ✌ ✗✏✓✑✏✗

✚✓✩✏✎✑ ✞✟✟✟✼✕❜✓✜ ❝✔✓✗ ❞
❋❋ ❋● ❋ ✝✠✡
❋❍ ● ✚✓✩✏✎✑ ☛
❑ ▲ ❲❱❯✸
■ ❏
❈ ❊ ❉

❀✬✛✑✪ ❁★✔✕❂ ✥✓✤✏✘✑✛

✝ ✝✠✂ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✣✬✛✑✓✖✛ ✽✎✓✢ ✛✬✛✑✪ ✏✱❆❇✮
✶❄❅✹☎✗✘★✆ ✺✞✟✟✟✞ ✺☛☞✏✱❆❇✮
✽✎✓✢ ✥✘✑✑✛✕✏

✝ ✝✠✂
❴☎✗✘★✆❴ ✞✟✟✟✞❴ ☛☞✏✱❆❇✮
❀✬✛✑✪ ❁★✔✕❂ ✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✣✬✛✑✓✖✛ ❪❫✞ ❪✬✓✑✞ ❴✚
✝ ✝✠✂
❵☎✗✘★✆❵ ✞✟✟✟✞❵ ☛☞✏✱❆❇✮
❪❫✞ ❪✬✓✑✞ ❴✚ ✛✬✛✑✪ ✏✱❆❇✮
✝ ✝✠✂
❴✚☎✗✘★✆❴✚ ✞✟✟✟✞❴✚ ☛☞✏✱❆❇✮

✍✎✏✎✑ ✒✏✎✤✤✛✢

✆✗✏✓✏✘✗☛

✥✓✤✏✘✑✛ ✙✘✕ ✦✔★✛ ✓✯✏✛✑

✝✠✿ ✝✠✡ ✼✤✢✓✏✛ ✣✬✛✑✓✖✛ ✙✘✕ ✦✔★✛
✮✾✝☎✆ ✮✾✝✞✟✟✟✞ ✮✾✝☛☞✌
✒✏✓✑✏

❛✛✕✛✑✓✏✛ ✓ ✽✛✓✑✕✛✢

❭✓✏✓ ✙✛✩✎✑✢

❡❢❣❣❤❡✣❁✟✩✢✑

Figure 262: Motor learned Data Functionality

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16.3 EVENTS
The relay has an event recorder, which runs continuously. All event records are stored in non-volatile memory such
that information is permanently retained. The events are displayed from newest to oldest event. Each event has a
header message containing a summary of the event that occurred, and is assigned an event number equal to the
number of events that have occurred since the recorder was cleared. The event number is incremented for each
new event.
The Event Recorder captures contextual data associated with the last 1024 events listed in chronological order from
most recent to oldest. Events for a particular element are captured, if the setpoint EVENTS is selected as
“Enabled”. By default, the EVENTS setpoint from all elements is enabled.
Path: Records > Event Records
The events are cleared by pressing the pushbutton corresponding to the tab CLEAR, or when issuing clear event
records command from the general clear records menu.

16.3.1 EVENT VIEWER

The Event Viewer provides a consolidated view of up to 1024 events from a single 8 Series device or up to as many
as ten connected 8 Series devices or event files (10 x 1024 events in total).
To open the Event Viewer for a connected device, follow these steps in the EnerVista D&I Setup software:
1. Establish communications with the relay.
2. Select the Setpoints > Records > Events menu item.
3. A small Events window opens displaying the following:
○ Date/Time of Last Clear
○ Events Since Last Clear
○ Date/Time of Last Retrieval
4. In addition, the Event Viewer launches for a detailed view of up to 1024 of the most recent events.

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The Event Viewer window runs as a separate application, and can be moved outside of the main window and
resized as needed.
If EnerVista D&I Setup software is closed, the Event Viewer remains open but offline (no further events are received
from running devices, however event data is still available).
The Event List includes all events in descending chronological order. For multiple sources, a Source column
showing the device name or file name is shown between the Date/Time and the Event columns.
To add an additional connected 8 Series relay to the open Event Viewer, follow these steps:
1. Establish communications with the relay.
2. Select the Setpoints > Records > Events menu item.
3. The Event Viewer adds up to 1024 of the most recent events to the open window, labeled with the new
device name in the Source column.
The Event column is only shown when Show Event Numbers is selected on the Data tab.

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On the left side of the Event List a checkbox column with a toggle button at the top allows selection of specific
events. Only the selected events are saved or copied by the Save to File and Copy to Clipboard options in the
File tab.
Use the following keys to navigate quickly through the Event List:
● End scrolls to the bottom of the Event List
● Home scrolls to the top of the Event List
● Page Down scrolls one page down in the Event List
● Page Up scrolls one page up in the Event List
When the Event Viewer and the EnerVista D&I Setup software are both open, new events from connected devices
are added to the Event Viewer as they occur and oscillography and fault report records are gradually retrieved from
the device, in order of oldest to newest (assuming oscillography records and fault report records are saved in a
common location).

Oscillography record events (such as Trans. Rec Trigger shown above) have a symbol in the Data column that
includes a link to launch the oscillography record in the EnerVista D&I Setup software.
Fault report events (such as Fault Rpt Trig shown above) can be opened in the same manner by clicking the fault
report symbol in the Data column.

FILE TAB
Use the File tab to open event files in the Event Viewer, save events to a file, or copy events to the clipboard.
● Open File: opens a window to browse to an events file (of type .eev, .txt. or .evt) and opens it in the existing
Event Viewer window, or in a new Event Viewer window.
○ Check In New Window to open the file in a new Event Viewer window.
● Save to File: saves the selected events to a file. Hidden (filtered) events are not saved.
○ Select the events to save using the checkboxes on the left of the events list.
○ Check Include Event Data to save full details of each event instead of just a summary.
● Copy to Clipboard: copies the selected events to the clipboard. Hidden (filtered) events are not copied.
○ Select the events to copy using the checkboxes on the left of the events list.
○ Check Include Event Data to copy full details of each event instead of just a summary.

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HOME TAB
Use the Home tab to select the events shown in the detailed view, measure time between events, and view the
current Event Viewer statistics.
By default, the Event Viewer opens displaying the Home tab with the last three events selected. Details of these
three events are displayed in the lower pane of the Event Viewer window.
To select up to three events from the list displayed in the Event Viewer, follow these steps:
1. From the Home tab, choose which event to set by clicking button 1, 2, or 3 above the Event Selector label.
2. Click an event from the list of displayed events.
3. The event changes color to match the selected button (blue for 1, green for 2, or red for 3) and the event
details display in the lower pane, highlighted in the same color.
The absolute times between the three selected events are displayed above the Delta Times label.
The Statistics area in the Home tab includes the following information:
● Sources: the number of event sources (devices and files) currently available.
● Events: the number of events being managed by the Event Viewer.
● Filtered: the number of events shown after any active filters are applied. (Filters are applied in the Data tab).

DATA TAB
Use the Data tab to filter the events shown in the Event Viewer.
● Show Event Numbers: toggles on and off the event number column in the list of events. The event number
can be useful for reconciling events between the Eevnt Viewer and local HMI.
● Select Event Sources: provides a drop-down list of all available event sources (devices and files). Uncheck
a device or file to hide the associated events from the main list.
● By default events from all sources are shown.
● Cause of Event Filter: provides an alphabetized list of all event names, allowing different event types to be
shown or hidden.
● By default all events are shown.

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16.4 TRANSIENT RECORDS

Path: Records > Transients > Transient Records
Using the EnerVista D&I Setup software, select a record and then click the Launch Viewer button to view the
waveform.

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16.5 FAULT REPORTS

The latest fault reports can be displayed.
Path: Records > Fault Reports

NUMBER OF REPORTS
This value shows the number of reports since the last clear.

LAST TRIP DATE/TIME

Range: MM/DD/YY/ HH:MM:SS
This value is the date and time on which the last report was generated.

LAST CLEAR DATE/TIME

Range: MM/DD/YY/ HH:MM:SS
This value is the date and time on which the record was cleared.

TYPE OF FAULT
Range: N/A, AG, BG, CG, AB, BC, CA, ABG, BCG, CAG, ABC
Default: N/A
This record displays the type of fault.

DISTANCE TO FAULT
Range: 0.00 to 99.99 km/Mile in steps of 0.01 km/Mile
Default: 0.00 km/Mile
This record displays the distance to fault, in kilometers or miles as selected by the UNITS OF LENGTH setpoint.

FAULT REPORT X TIME

Range: MM/DD/YY/ HH:MM:SS
This value is the date and time on which the specified fault report was generated.

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✎✏✑✒✓✔✕✑✎
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✧★✩ ☛✚✛✪☞✪✙☞✫✛ ✌✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✧★✩ ☛☞✰✮✗✝✙☞✫✛ ✌✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✧★✦ ☛✚✛✪☞✪✙☞✫✛ ✌✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✧★✦ ☛☞✰✮✗✝✙☞✫✛ ✌✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✗✰☞✙✪ ✜✖ ✘✛✰✢✙❄ ✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✘✛✰✢✙❄ ✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✎✏✑✒✓✔✕✑✎ ✧★✦ ✪✭✪ ☛✚✛✪☞✪✙☞✫✛ ✌✣
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙ ✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✖✆✗✘✙ ✙✚☞✢✢✛✚ ✣ ✧★✦ ✪✭✪ ☛☞✰✮✗✝✙☞✫✛ ✌✣
✜✤✤✥✦ ✚✗✰

✳✴✵✵✶✷✸ ✹✷✺✴✸✻
✁✂✄☎ ✆ ✝✞✟✟☎✠✡ ☛☞✆✌
✁✂✄☎ ✍ ✝✞✟✟☎✠✡ ☛☞✍✌
✁✂✄☎ ✝ ✝✞✟✟☎✠✡ ☛☞✝✌
✰☎✞✡✟✂✱ ✝✞✟✟☎✠✡ ☛✲☞✦✌ ❅✏❆✓❅❇✎
✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✼✵✽✾✿✸✿❀✷✽❁ ❂❀❁✸✽❃✶ ✹✷✺✴✸✻ ✮✆✙✛
✬✭✛ ✮✛✘✙✆ ✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✫✆ ✫✆✍ ✙☞❈✛
✖✆✗✘✙ ✮☞✪✙✆✰✝✛ ✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✫✍ ✫✍✝ ✝✆✘✝✗✘✆✙☞✜✰ ✙✭ ✛ ✜✖ ✖✆✗✘✙
✫✝ ✫✝✆ ✖✆✗✘✙ ✚✛ ✜✚✙
✫✠ ✯✟ ✫ ✦ ✮☞✪✙✆✰✝✛ ✙✜ ✖✆✗✘✙
●❍■ ❂❀❁✸✽❃✶ ✹✷✺✴✸✻
✘✛✆ ❏❑▲▼◆◆❖P◗❘❙❚
✫✆
✫✍
✫✝
✫✦
✙❉❊☎ ✯✤ ✖✂✞✱✡
☛ ✁✂✄☎ ✄☎✱☎❋✡✯✟✌

Figure 263: Fault Locator Logic diagram

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16.6 DATA LOGGER

The Data Logger record can be retrieved and seen from this window. It displays the oldest and newest timestamps,
and the total number of samples captured for all channels programmed in Setpoints > Device > Data Logger
menu.
Path: Records > Data Logger

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16.7 BREAKERS

16.7.1 BREAKER ARCING CURRENT

Path: Records > Breakers Records > Breaker x

ARCING CURRENT PHASE A

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 kA2-cyc in steps of 0.01

ARCING CURRENT PHASE B

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 kA2-cyc in steps of 0.01

ARCING CURRENT PHASE C

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 Ka2-cyc in steps of 0.01

TOTAL ARCING CURRENT

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 Ka2-cyc in steps of 0.01

16.7.2 BREAKER HEALTH

The menu displays the breaker monitoring values. The latest value, average of last five values and average of
values since last reset are recorded, calculated and displayed.
When the DETECTION mode is selected, the values displayed here can be used as the reference for user settings.
The values are saved into non-volatile memory to avoid the loss of data during the power down period.
Path: Records > Breakers Records > Breaker Health

TOTAL BREAKER TRIPS

Range: 0 to 10000 in steps of 1

TRIPS SINCE LAST RESET

Range: 0 to 10000 in steps of 1

ALARM COUNTER
Range: 0 to 100 in steps of 1

LAST TRIP TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

AVG. OF 5 TRIP TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

AVG. OF TRIP TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

LAST CLOSE TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

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AVG. OF 5 CLOSE TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

AVG. OF CLOSE TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

LAST PH A/B/C ARC TIME

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 Ka2-cyc in steps of 0.01

AVG. OF 5 PH A/B/C ARC TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

AVG. OF PH A/B/C ARC TIME

Range: 0 TO 4294967295 ms in steps 1

LAST SPRING CHARGE TIME

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001

AVG. OF 5 CHARGE TIME

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001

AVG. OF CHARGE TIME

Range: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001

LAST PH A/B/C ARC ENERGY

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 Ka2-cyc in steps of 0.01

AVG. OF 5 PH A/B/C ARCENER

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 Ka2-cyc in steps of 0.01

AVG. OF PH A/B/C ARC ENERGY

Range: 00.00 TO 42949672.95 Ka2-cyc in steps of 0.01

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16.8 DIGITAL COUNTERS

The present status of the sixteen Digital Counters is shown here. The status of each Counter, with the user-defined
Counter name, includes the accumulated and frozen counts (the count units label also appears). Also included, is
the date and time stamp for the frozen count. The Counter microseconds frozen value refers to the microsecond
portion of the time stamp.
Path: Records > Digital Counter 1 (16)

COUNTER X ACCUMULATED
Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647 in steps of 1

COUNTER X FROZEN
Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647 in steps of 1

DATE/TIME FROZEN
Range: Date/Time Format (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS)
Default: 01/01/70 00:00:00

COUNTER X us FROZEN
Range: 0 to 999999 µs in steps of 1

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16.9 REMOTE MODBUS DEVICE

Up to 64 FlexAnalog operands and 32 FlexLogic operands are supported in the configurable Remote Modbus
Device. Profiles are configured under Device > Communications > Remote Modbus Device > Device 1, with
details provided in Chapter 5. Up to 10 format codes enumerations (by default GMD_FC1 to GMD_FC10) can be
defined separately for each Modbus Device Profile. For the default BSG3 device profile, 27 analogs and 27 digital
operands are pre-configured in the default CID settings file.
All parameters are polled consecutively. Each FlexLogic value can be read from a different Modbus address and bit
mask which is then mapped into any of the available 64 bit locations.
Path: Records > Remote Modbus Device > Device 1 > Status

DEVICE STATUS
Range: Offline, Online
Default: Offline
The DEVICE STATUS operand is asserted when the last communication attempt has failed. The operand is
deasserted following a successful communication attempt.

LAST SUCCESSFUL POLL

Range: MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS
Default: 01/01/2000 00:00
This is a timestamp value for the last successful read. The LAST SUCCESSFUL POLL is updated if the update
of all pooled data is successful.
Path: Records > Remote Modbus Device > Device 1 > Digital States

FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS 1-32

Range: Defined by Remote Modbus Device Profile
Default: Off
Up to 32 FlexLogic operands can be shown here.
The displayed text is the FlexLogic name defined in the Remote Modbus Device Editor Label field for each
Digital Point in the current profile. See Device > Communications > Remote Modbus Device > Device 1.
The value displayed is based on the Enumeration field defined in the Remote Modbus Device Editor for each
specific digital point.

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Figure 264: Example of Digital States for the default BSG3 RMD profile

Path: Records > Remote Modbus Device > Device 1 > Analog Values

RMD-FLEXANALOG 1-64
Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647 in steps of 1
Default: 0

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Up to 64 FlexAnalog operands can be shown here.

The value displayed is based on the Enumeration field defined in the Remote Modbus Device Editor for each
specific digital point.
The displayed text is the FlexAnalog name defined in the Remote Modbus Device Editor ‘Label’ field for each
Analog Point in the current profile. See Device > Communications > Remote Modbus Device > Device 1.
The value displayed is based on the Data Type, Multiplier, Decimals, and Units fields defined in the Remote
Modbus Device Setpoint for each specific analog point.

Figure 265: Example for Analog Values of the default BSG3 RMD profile

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16.10 CLEAR RECORDS

The Clear Records command is accessible from the front panel and from the EnerVista D&I Setup software.
Path: Device > Clear Records
Records can be cleared either by assigning “On” or a FlexLogic operand to the appropriate setting.
With the optional 10 PB Membrane Front Panel all Clear Records commands related to Demand default to PB7 ON.
This includes Clear Records for Max Current Demand, Max Real Power Demand, Max Reactive Power Demand
and Max Apparent Power Demand.

Note:
The Clear Records command is also available from Records > Clear Records, however there the allowable settings are only
ON and OFF. (FlexLogic operands cannot be used.)

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SPECIFICATIONS
Chapter 17 - Specifications

17.1 DEVICE

17.1.1 ANNUNCIATOR PANEL

ANNUNCIATOR PANEL
Number of Elements: 1 (36 indicators)
Layout: Grid of 2x2 or 3x3
Data Storage: Non-volatile memory
Mode: Self-reset, latched, acknowledgeable
Display Text: 3 lines of 15 characters maximum
Visual Indication: Flashing: 2Hz @ 50% duty cycle

17.1.2 CUSTOM CONFIGURATIONS

CUSTOM CONFIGURATIONS
Config Mode: Simplified, Regular

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17.2 PROTECTION ELEMENTS

To obtain the total operating time, i.e. from the presence of a trip condition to initiation of a trip, add 8 ms output
relay time to the operate times listed below.

17.2.1 THERMAL MODEL (49)

THERMAL MODEL (49)
Thermal Overload Curves: Standard curve, FlexCurves A/B/C/D/OL, Standard curve with
voltage dependent function, FlexCurve with voltage dependent
function, FlexCurve OL with voltage dependent function, IEC
curve
Standard Curve Time Multiplier: 1.00 to 25.00 in steps of 0.01
FlexCurve Time Multiplier: 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
IEC Curve Time Constant 1(2): 0 to 1000 in steps of 1
Thermal Overload Pickup: Overload factor x FLA
Overload Factor (OL): 1.00 to 1.50 in steps of 0.01
Motor Full Load Current (FLA): 1 to 5000 A in steps of 1
Standard Overload Curve, Cutoff Effect: TDM x 2.2116623
t trip =
2
I motor I motor
0.02530337 x -1 + 0.05054758 x -1
FLA FLA

Standard Overload Curve, Shift Effect: TDM x 2.2116623

t trip =
2
I motor I motor
0.02530337 x -1 + 0.05054758 x -1
OL x FLA OL x FLA

Motor Rated Voltage: 1 to 50000 V in steps of 1

Thermal Model Biasing: Current Unbalance, RTDs, speed (for brush-type synchronous
motors (869, 889 only))
Thermal Model Update Rate: 1 power cycle
Stopped/Running Cool Time Constants: 1 to 1000 min. in steps of 1
Stopped/Running Cool Time Constant Decay: Exponential
Hot/Cold Safe Stall Ratio: 0.01 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
Current Accuracy: Per phase current inputs
Current Source: True RMS
Timer Accuracy: ±100 ms or ±2%, whichever is greater
Timer Accuracy for Voltage Dependent Overload: ±100 ms or ±4%, whichever is greater

17.2.2 ACCELERATION TIME

ACCELERATION TIME
Acceleration Current: 1.00 to 10.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Operating Mode: Definite Time, Adaptive
Timing Accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time (whichever is greater),
applicable to definite time mode only

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17.2.3 CURRENT UNBALANCE (46)

CURRENT UNBALANCE (46)
Unbalance: Unbal = (I2 / I1) x Afactor x 100%Afactor = (Iavg / FLA) if lavg <
FLAAfactor = 1 if lavg >= FLA
Trip/Alarm Pickup Level: 4.0 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1%
Trip Operating Curves: Definite Time: T=TDM sec. Inverse Time: T= (TDM/[Unbal]2)
sec
Trip Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s when Trip Curve = Definite
Time
Trip Time Dial Multiplier (TDM): 0.00 to 180.00 in steps of 0.01 when Trip Curve = Inverse Curve
Trip Maximum Time: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Trip Minimum Time: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Trip Reset Time: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Alarm Time Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Single Phasing Pickup Level: unbalance level > 40% or when Iavg >=25%FLA and current in
any phase is less than the cutoff current
Single Phasing Time Delay: 2 seconds
Pickup Accuracy: ±2% of the reading
Operate Time: <2 cycles at 1.10 x pickup (NOTE 1)
Timing Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting time or ±20 ms, whichever is greater
Element: Trip and Alarm
Single Phasing Element: Trip

17.2.4 MECHANICAL JAM

MECHANICAL JAM
Operating Condition: Phasor or RMS
Arming Condition: Motor not starting or stopped
Pickup Level or: 1.00 to 10.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy: For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading;
at > 2.0 x CT rating: ±1.5% of reading
Pickup Delay: 0.10 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01
Dropout Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting time or ±20 ms, whichever is greater

Note:
In VFD application, currents are switched from Phasor to RMS when setpoint VFD Function is Enabled and operand VFD
Not Bypassed is asserted.

17.2.5 LOSS OF EXCITATION (40)

LOSS OF EXCITATION (40)
Operating Condition: Positive-sequence impedance
Characteristic: 2 independent negative mho circles (LOE circle 1, 2)
Circle 1(2) Diameter: 0.1 to 300.0 Ω (in secondary) in steps of 0.1Ω

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LOSS OF EXCITATION (40)

Circle 1(2) Offset: 0.1 to 300.0 Ω (in secondary) in steps of 0.1Ω
Reach (Impedance) Accuracy: ±5%
Under Voltage (UV) Supervision Level: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
UV Pickup Accuracy: as per phase voltage inputs
Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±½ cycle (whichever is greater)
Operate Time: < 3 cycles

17.2.6 OUT-OF-STEP (78)

OUT-OF-STEP (78)
Characteristic: Single blinder with offset mho supervisory
Measured Impedance: Positive-sequence
Current Supervision Pickup Level: 0.05 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Fwd/Reverse Reach (sec.): 0.10 to 500.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 Ω
Left and Right Blinders (sec.): 0.10 to 500.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 Ω
Impedance Accuracy: ±5%
Blinder RCA: 40° to 90° in steps of 1°
Angle Accuracy: ±2°
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of operate time or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater)

17.2.7 OVERLOAD ALARM

OVERLOAD ALARM
Operating Parameter: Average phase current (RMS)
Pickup Level: 0.50 to 3.00 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy: For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater.
For > 2.0 × CT rating ±1.5% of reading
Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Dropout Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±½ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.2.8 PHASE REVERSAL (47)

PHASE REVERSAL (47)
Phase Reversal Condition: V2/V1=100% when phase to phase voltages are greater than
50% of VT
Configuration: ABC or ACB phase rotation
Pickup/Dropout Time Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±1% cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

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17.2.9 GROUND FAULT

GROUND FAULT (50G)
Operating Parameter: Ig RMS
1A/5A Ground CT Type: 0.01 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x
CT.
Pickup Level: 50/0.025 Ground CT Type: 0.50 to 15.00 A in steps of 0.01A
1A Sensitive Ground CT Type: 0.005 to 3.000 x CT in steps of
0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Alarm Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Trip Pickup Start Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Trip Pickup Run Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
50:0.025A CT: ±5% of reading or ±0.2A (in primary) whichever
is greater.
Magnitude Accuracy: 1A/5A CT: For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of
rated, whichever is greater.
For > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading
<16 ms @ 60Hz (I > 2.0 x PKP), with 0 ms time delay<20 ms @
Operate Time:
50Hz (I > 2.0 x PKP), with 0 ms time delay
±3% of delay setting at ±1 cycle (whichever is greater) from
Timing Accuracy:
pickup to operate

17.2.10 SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION

SHORT CIRCUIT
Inputs: RMS Phase Currents
Pickup Level: 1.00 to 30.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Level Accuracy: For 1.0 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater For > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading
Operate Time: <16 ms @ 60Hz (I > 2.0 x PKP), with 0 ms time delay
<20 ms @ 50Hz (I > 2.0 x PKP), with 0 ms time delay
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±½ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
Elements: Trip or Alarm

17.2.11 NEUTRAL ADMITTANCE (21YN)

NEUTRAL ADMITTANCE (21YN)
Operating Characteristic (Modes): Admittance, Conductance and Susceptance
Directionality: Non-directional, Forward and Reverse
Reach Admittance (secondary Siemens): 0.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01
Reach Conductance\Susceptance (secondary Siemens): -500.00 to 500.00 mS in steps of 0.01
Level Accuracy: ±1% of Pickup or ±0.01 mS, whichever is greater
Pickup Delay: 0.000 to 600.000 s in steps of 0.001
Dropout Level: 0.000 to 600.000 s in steps of 0.001
Time Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting time or ±20 ms, whichever is greater

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NEUTRAL ADMITTANCE (21YN)

Operate Time: Up to max 4 cycles
Minimum Current Supervision
Pickup: 0.02 to 1.00 x CT in steps of 0.01
Dropout: 103% of pickup

Minimum Voltage Supervision

Pickup: 0.01 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01

Dropout: 103% of pickup

17.2.12 PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67P)

PHASE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67P)
Relay Connection: 90°(Quadrature)
Quadrature Voltage: ABC phase seq.: phase A (Vbc), phase B (Vca), phase C (Vab)
ACB phase seq.: phase A (Vcb), phase B (Vac), phase C (Vba)
Polarizing Voltage Threshold (up to FW 3.xx): 0.050 to 3.000 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Polarizing Voltage Threshold (from FW 4.10): 0.015 to 3.000 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Current Sensitivity Threshold: 0.05 x CT
Characteristic Angle: 0° to 359° in steps of 1°
Angle Accuracy: ±3°
Operation Time (FlexLogic™ operands): Reverse to Forward transition: < 12 ms, typically.
Forward to Reverse transition: <8 ms, typically.

17.2.13 NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67N)

NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT (67N)
Directionality: Co-existing forward and reverse
Polarizing: Voltage, Current, Dual
Polarizing Current: Ig
Operating Current: I0
Level Sensing: 3 x (|I0| – K x |I1|), Ig
Restraint, K: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001
Characteristic Angle: -90° to 90° in steps of 1°
Limit Angle: 40° to 90° in steps of 1°, independent for forward and reverse
Angle Accuracy: ±3° (both voltage and current (1A/5A only) polarizing signals)
Pickup Level: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Operate Time (no direction transition): < 16 ms at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz
< 20 ms at 3 x Pickup at 50 Hz

17.2.14 SENSITIVE GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT

SENSITIVE GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (50SG)
Operating Parameter: Isg (Fundamental Phasor Magnitude)
Pickup Level: 0.50 to 15.00 A in steps of 0.01 A (For 50:0.025)

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SENSITIVE GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (50SG)

Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy: For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated
(whichever is greater).
For > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading > 2.0 x CT rating
For 50:0.025: ±0.1 A for 0.5 A to 4 A; ±0.2 A for > 4 A
Operate Time: < 12 ms at 3 × Pickup at 60 Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of operate time or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater)

17.2.15 SENSITIVE GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT

SENSITIVE GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT (51SG)
Operating Parameter: Isg (RMS or Fundamental)
Pickup Level: 0.50 to 15.00 A in steps of 0.01 A (For 50:0.025)
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy: For 0.1 to 2.0 xCT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4%of rated
(whichever is greater).
For > 2.0 xCT: ±1.5% of reading > 2.0 xCT rating.
For 50:0.025: ±0.1A for 0.5A to 4A; ±0.2A for >4A
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Curve Shape: IEEE Extremely/Very/Moderately Inverse
ANSI Extremely/Very/Normally/Moderately Inverse
IEC A/B/C and Short Inverse
IAC Extreme/Very/Inverse/Short Inverse
I2t, I4t, FlexCurves A/B/C/D, Definite Time
Curve Multiplier: 0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01
Reset Time: Instantaneous, Timed
Curve Timing Accuracy: Currents > 1.03 to 20 x pickup: ±3% of operate time or ±½ cycle
(whichever is greater) from pickup to operate

17.2.16 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT

NEGATIVE SEQUENCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT (50_2)
Current: I_2 Fundamental Phasor Magnitude
Pickup Level: 0.0020 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup
Level Accuracy for 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated, whichever is greater,
Level Accuracy for > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading. (For lop = |I_2| - K * |I_1|, where K = 1/8
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Overreach: < 2%
Operate Time: < 12 ms typical at 3 x Pickup at 60 Hz
< 15 ms typical at 3 x Pickup at 50 Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±½ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

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17.2.17 UNDERCURRENT
UNDERCURRENT (37)
Operating Parameter: Per-phase current Ia, Ib, Ic (Phasor or RMS)
Trip/Alarm Pickup Level: 0.10 to 0.95 x FLA in steps of 0.01 x FLA
Dropout Level: 102 to 103% of Pickup
Trip/Alarm Time Delay: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Pickup Accuracy: For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated,
whichever is greater
Operate Time: <45 ms at 60 Hz
<50 ms at 50 Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±2 power cycles (whichever is greater)
from pickup to operate
Stages: Trip and Alarm

Note:
In VFD application, currents are switched from Phasor to RMS when setpoint VFD Function is Enabled and operand VFD
Not Bypassed is asserted.

17.2.18 PHASE OVERVOLTAGE (59P)

PHASE OVERVOLTAGE (59P)
Voltage: Fundamental Phasor Magnitude
Pickup Level: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Dropout Level (up to 3.xx): 97 to 98% of Pickup
Dropout Level (from 4.10): Configurable: Either 97 to 98% of pickup or 95 to 97% of pickup
Level Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Phases Required for Operation: Any one, Any two, All three
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s (Definite Time)
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s (Definite Time)
Pickup Accuracy: Per phase voltage input channel error
Operate Time: < 30 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 60Hz
< 35 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 50Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.2.19 NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE (59N)

NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE (59N)
Operating Parameter: 3V_0 calculated from phase to ground voltages
Pickup Level: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Dropout Level: Configurable: Either 97 to 98% of Pickup, or 95 to 98% of
Pickup.
Level Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Neutral Overvoltage Curves: Definite time, FlexCurve A/B/C/D, Inverse time (from FW 4.10)
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s (Definite Time)

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NEUTRAL OVERVOLTAGE (59N)

Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s (Definite Time)
Operate Time: < 30 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 60Hz
< 35 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 50Hz
Curve Timing Accuracy: at > 1.1 x Pickup: ±3% of curve delay or ±1 cycle (whichever is
greater) from pickup to operate

17.2.20 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE (59_2)

NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE (59_2)
Operating Parameter: V_2
Pickup Level: 0.00 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Dropout Level (up to 3.xx): 97 to 98% of Pickup
Dropout Level (from 4.10): Configurable: Either 97 to 98% of pickup or 95 to 97% of pickup
Level Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Operate Time: < 25 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 60 Hz
< 30 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 50 Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.2.21 PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE (27P)

PHASE UNDERVOLTAGE (27P)
Voltage: Fundamental Phasor Magnitude
Minimum Voltage: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Pickup Level: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Dropout Level: Selectable. Either 101 to 103% of pickup or 103 to 105% of
pickup
Level Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Phases Required for Operation: Any one, Any two, All three
Undervoltage Curves: Definite Time, Inverse Time, FlexCurves A/B/C/D
Pickup Time Delay: 0.020 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s
Pickup Accuracy: Per phase voltage input channel error
Reset Time Delay: 0.000 – 6000.00 s in steps of 0.001s
Reset Mode: Definite Time, Dependent Time
Operate Time: < 20 ms at 0.90 x pickup at 60 Hz
< 25 ms at 0.90 x pickup at 50 Hz
Curve Timing Accuracy: At < 0.90 x pickup: ±3.5% of curve delay or ±½ cycle (whichever
is greater) from pickup to operate

17.2.22 OVERFREQUENCY (81O)

OVERFREQUENCY (81O)
Pickup Level Normal Frequency: 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01
Pickup Level High Frequency: 40.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01

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OVERFREQUENCY (81O)
Dropout Level: Pickup -0.03 Hz
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Minimum Operating Voltage: 0.000 to 1.250 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Level Accuracy Normal Frequency (40 to 70 Hz) ±0.01 Hz
Level Accuracy High Frequency (40 to 70 Hz) ±0.02 Hz
Timer accuracy
Operate Time: Typically 7.5 cycles at 0.1 Hz/s change.
Typically 7 cycles at 0.3 Hz/s change.
Typically 6.5 cycles at 0.5 Hz/s change.

Note:
Typical times are average Operate Times including variables such as frequency change instance, test method, etc., and may
vary by ±0.5 cycles.

17.2.23 UNDERFREQUENCY (81U)

UNDERFREQUENCY (81U)
Pickup Level: 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01
High-speed Frequency Input 40.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01
Dropout Level: Pickup +0.03 Hz
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s
Minimum Operating Voltage: 0.000 to 1.250 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Minimum Operating Current: 0.000 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Level Accuracy (Normal Frequency Input): ±0.01 Hz
Level Accuracy (High-speed Frequency Input): ±0.02 Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
Operate Time: Typically 7.5 cycles at 0.1 Hz/s change.
Typically 7 cycles at 0.3 Hz/s change.
Typically 6.5 cycles at 0.5 Hz/s change.

Note:
Typical times are average Operate Times including variables such as frequency change instance, test method, etc., and may
vary by ±0.5 cycles.

17.2.24 FAST UNDERFREQUENCY

FAST UNDERFREQUENCY
Operating Parameter: Frequency and rate of change of frequency
UF Pickup Level: 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
df/dt Pickup Level: -10.00 to -0.10 Hz/s in steps of 0.01 Hz/s
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Frequency Accuracy: 250 mHz/s or 3.5%, whichever is greater

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FAST UNDERFREQUENCY
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of operate time or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater)

17.2.25 RATE OF CHANGE OF FREQUENCY (81R)

FREQUENCY RATE OF CHANGE (81R)
df/dt Trend: Increasing, Decreasing, Bi-directional
df/dt Pickup Level: 0.10 to 15.00 Hz/s in steps of 0.01 Hz/s
df/dt Dropout Level: 96% of Pickup Level
df/dt Level Accuracy: 80 mHz/s or 3.5%, whichever is greater
Frequency (normal): 20.00 to 80.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Frequency (high-speed): 40.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Minimum Voltage Threshold: 0.000 to 1.250 x VT in steps of 0.001 x VT
Minimum Current Threshold: 0.000 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
95% Settling Time for df/dt: < 24 cycles
Typical Operate Time: 6.5 cycles at 2 × Pickup
5.5 cycles at 3 × Pickup
4.5 cycles at 5 × Pickup

17.2.26 DIRECTIONAL POWER

DIRECTIONAL POWER (32)
Measured Power 3-phase
Number of Stages 2
Characteristic Angle 0° to 359° in steps of 1°
Calibration Angle 0.00° to 0.95° in steps of 0.05°
Power Pickup Range –1.200 to 1.200 x Rated Power in steps of 0.001
Pickup Level Accuracy ±1% or ±0.001 x Rated Power, whichever is greater
Hysteresis 2% or 0.001 x Rated Power, whichever is greater
Pickup Time Delay 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
< 55 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 60 Hz
Operate Time
< 65 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 50 Hz
±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
Timer Accuracy
pickup to operate

17.2.27 REACTIVE POWER (40Q)

REACTIVE POWER (40Q)
Operating Condition: Three-phase reactive power
Positive/Negative var Trip/Alarm Pickup Level: 1 to 25000 kvar in steps of 1 kvar
Pickup Level Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading
Positive/Negative var Trip/Alarm Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3.0% of delay time or ±10 ms, whichever is greater
Hysteresis: 2 to 3%

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REACTIVE POWER (40Q)

Operate Time: < 45 ms at 60 Hz
< 50 ms at 50 Hz
Elements: Trip and Alarm

17.2.28 UNDERPOWER (37P)

UNDERPOWER (37P)
Operating Condition: Three-phase real power
Number of Elements: 1, alarm and trip stages
Trip/Alarm Pickup Level: 1 to 25000 kW in steps of 1
Pickup Level Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading
Hysteresis: 3%
Trip/Alarm Pickup Delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay time or ±10 ms, whichever is greater, pick up to
operate
Operate Time: <45 ms at 60 Hz
<50 ms at 50 Hz

17.2.29 RTD PROTECTION

RTD PROTECTION
Pickup: 1°C to 250°C in steps of 1°C
Hysteresis: 2°C
Timer Accuracy: <2 s
Elements: Trip and Alarm

Note:
For the 859 and 869, when the setpoint Motor Load Filter Interval is programmed as non-zero, it might increase the trip/
alarm times by 16.7 ms (or 20 ms at 50 Hz) for each additional cycle in the filter interval for the following protection elements:
Acceleration Time, Current Unbalance, Mechanical Jam, Overload Alarm, Thermal Model, Undercurrent, Power Factor, and
Underpower

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17.3 CONTROL

17.3.1 BREAKER CONTROL

BREAKER CONTROL
Operation: Asserted FlexLogic Operands
Function: Opens/closes, blocks, bypasses blocks to the feeder breaker

17.3.2 BREAKER CONTACTOR MONITORING

BREAKER/CONTACTOR MONITORING
Operate Condition: Current and breaker status condition
Monitor Delay: 0.00 to 60.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Timer Accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time (whichever is greater)

17.3.3 BREAKER FAILURE

BREAKER FAILURE
Mode: 3-pole
Current Supervision: phase and neutral current (fundamental phasor magnitude)
Current Supervision Pickup: 0.050 to 30.000 x CT in steps of 0.001 x CT
Current Supervision Dropout: 97 to 98% of pickup
Current Supervision Accuracy: For 0.1 to 2.0 x CT: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.4% of rated
(whichever is greater)
For > 2.0 x CT: ±1.5% of reading
Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
Reset Time: 19 to 30 ms at 1.5 to 20 x Pickup

17.3.4 LOCAL CONTROL MODE

LOCAL CONTROL MODE
Number of Elements: 1
Select Before Operate Mode: Disabled, Enabled
Mode: Local Mode ON, Local Mode OFF
Display Status: LM (local mode) displayed in banner
Tagging: Disabled, Enabled

17.3.5 THERMAL INHIBIT

THERMAL INHIBIT
Thermal Inhibit Margin: 0 to 25% in steps of 1%
Thermal Capacity Required to Restart: 0 to 85% in steps of 1%
Timer Accuracy: ±2s or ±1% of total time (whichever is greater)

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17.3.6 MAXIMUM HOT OR COLD START RATE

MAXIMUM HOT OR COLD START RATE
Monitored Time Interval: 1 to 300 minutes in steps of 1
Maximum Number of Hot Starts: 1 to 16 starts in steps of 1
Maximum Number of Cold Starts: 1 to 16 starts in steps of 1
Timer Accuracy: ±2s or ±1% of total time (whichever is greater)

17.3.7 MAXIMUM STARTING RATE

MAXIMUM STARTING RATE
Monitored Time Interval: 1 to 300 minutes in steps of 1
Maximum Number of Starts: 1 to 16 starts in steps of 1
Timer Accuracy: ±2s or ±1% of total time (whichever is greater)

17.3.8 RESTART DELAY

RESTART DELAY
Restart Delay: 0 to 65000 seconds in steps of 1
Timer Accuracy: ±2s or ±1% of total time (whichever is greater)

17.3.9 REDUCED VOLTAGE START

REDUCED VOLTAGE START
Mode: Current Only, Current and Timer, Current or Timer
Start Current Level: 0.25 to 3.00 of FLA, in steps of 0.01
Start Timer: 1.0 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1

17.3.10 TIME BETWEEN STARTS

TIME BETWEEN STARTS
Time Between Starts: 0 to 300 minutes in steps of 1
Timer Accuracy: ±2s or ±1% of total time (whichever is greater)

17.3.11 BACKSPIN PROTECTION

BACKSPIN DETECTION
Dynamic BSD: 20 mV to 270 V RMS
Pickup Level: 2 to 90 Hz in steps of 1
Dropout Level: 2 to 30 Hz in steps of 1
Level Accuracy: ±0.01 Hz

17.3.12 UNDERVOLTAGE RESTART

UNDERVOLTAGE RESTART
Pickup/Restoration Level: 0.50 to 1.00 × rated in steps of 0.01
Immediate Restart Power Loss Time: 100 to 500 ms in steps of 100 ms
Delay 1 Restart Power Loss: 0.1 to 10 s in steps of 0.1 s, or Off

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UNDERVOLTAGE RESTART
Delay 1 Restart Time Delay: 0 to 1200.0 s in steps of 0.2 s
Delay 2 Restart Power Loss Time: 1 to 3600 s in steps of 1 s, Off or Unlimited
Delay 2 Restart Time Delay: 0 to 1200.0 s in steps of 0.2 s
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
Pickup/Restoration Level Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V

17.3.13 SWITCH CONTROL

SWITCH CONTROL
Operation: Local (PB control and SLD) and Remote (asserted FlexLogic
operands)
Function: Opens/Closes the disconnect switch
Timers: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s

17.3.14 TRIP BUS

TRIP BUS
Number of Elements: 6
Number of Inputs: 16
Pickup Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Dropout Time Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s
Operate Time: < 2 ms at 60 Hz
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay time or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

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17.4 MONITORING

17.4.1 BREAKER ARCING CURRENT

BREAKER ARCING CURRENT
Mode: 3-pole
Principle: accumulates breaker duty (I2t) during fault
Initiation: any operand
Alarm Threshold: 0 to 50000 kA2-cycle in steps of 1 kA2-cycle
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±1 cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.4.2 BREAKER HEALTH

BREAKER HEALTH
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±1 cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.4.3 BROKEN ROTOR BAR

BROKEN ROTOR BAR
Operating Parameter: Fundamental Phasor Magnitude
Pickup Level: -60db to -12db in steps of -1dB
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of Pickup

17.4.4 DEMAND
DEMAND
Measured Values: Phase A/B/C present and maximum current, three-phase
present, maximum real/reactive/apparent power, minimum real/
reactive/apparent power
Measurement Type: Thermal Exponential, 90% response time (programmed): 5 to
90 min in steps of 1 min.
Block Interval / Rolling Demand, time interval (programmed): 5
to 90 min in steps of 1 min.
Current Pickup Level (845, 850, 889): 10 to 10000 in steps of 1 A
Dropout Level: 96-98% of Pickup level
Level Accuracy: ±2%

17.4.5 ELECTRICAL SIGNATURE ANALYSIS (ESA)

ESA (ELECTRICAL SIGNATURE ANALYSIS)
ESA (Bearing & Mechanical (Foundation looseness, Eccentricity & Mis-alignment)) Fault
Computing Parameter: Ia
Indicating Parameter: Peak Magnitude (dB), Energy (dB), Change in dB
Operating Parameter: Change in Peak and Energy magnitude (dB) or Peak and
Energy magnitude (dB)

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ESA (ELECTRICAL SIGNATURE ANALYSIS)

Pickup level 1 & 2: Change in Peak and Energy magnitude > ‘X’ dB w.r.t base line
dB (configurable in setup SW) or Peak and Energy magnitude >
‘X’ dB w.r.t base line dB (configurable in setup SW)
Pickup delay 1 & 2: 5 to 60 min (multiples of 5 min) (Configurable in setup software)

17.4.6 FAULT REPORTS

FAULT REPORTS
Number of Reports: 15
Captured Data: Pre-fault and fault phasors for all CT and VT banks, pre-fault
and fault trigger operands, user-programmable analog channels
1 to 32

17.4.7 TIME OF DAY TIMER

TIME OF DAY TIMER
Number of Elements: 2
Setting Resolution: 1 minute
Accuracy: ±1 s

17.4.8 HARMONIC DETECTION

HARMONIC DETECTION
Operating Parameter: Current 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th harmonic or THD per phase
Timer Accuracy: Harmonics: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is
greater) from pickup to operate. THD: ±3% of delay setting or
±3 cycles (whichever is greater) from pickup to operate

17.4.9 POWER FACTOR (55)

POWER FACTOR (55)
Lead/Lag Trip/Alarm Pickup Level:: 0.05 to 0.99 in steps of 0.01, lead and lag
Lead/Lag Trip/Alarm Time Delay: 0.000 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Modes of Control: Resync Mode or Ride-Thru Mode
Start Block Delay: 0.000 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Minimum Operating Voltage: 0.00 to 1.25 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Minimum Operating Current: 0.00 to 10.00 x CT in steps of 0.01 x CT
Level Accuracy: ±0.02
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±1¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate
Stages: Trip and Alarm
No. of Elements: 2

17.4.10 SPEED PROTECTION

SPEED PROTECTION
Configuration: Assign to any contact input
Operating Range: 20 to 120% of Rated RPM

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SPEED PROTECTION
Minimum Pulse Width: >8% of a revolution
Level Accuracy: ±1% of rated speed
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±2 power cycles (whichever is greater)
from pickup to operate
Element: Trip and Alarm

17.4.11 STARTER FAILURE

STARTER FAILURE
Pickup Level: Current or breaker status condition when tripped
Dropout Level: Current or breaker status condition
Time Delay: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Time Accuracy: ±100 ms or ±0.5% of total time (whichever is greater)

17.4.12 VOLTAGE DISTURBANCE

VOLTAGE DISTURBANCE
Number of Elements: 3
Operating Parameter: Va, Vb, Vc, or Vab, Vbc,Vca (RMS)
Number of Events in Records: 30

17.4.13 VOLTAGE SWELL

VOLTAGE SWELL
Pickup Level: 0.02 to 3.00 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Dropout Level: 97 to 98% of pickup
Pickup Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s (Definite Time)

Operate Time: < 25 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 60Hz

< 30 ms at 1.1 x pickup at 50Hz
Timing Accuracy: ±0.5% of delay setting or ±¼ power cycles (whichever is
greater) from pickup to operate

17.4.14 VOLTAGE SAG

VOLTAGE SAG
Pickup Level: 0.00 to 1.50 x VT in steps of 0.01 x VT
Dropout Level: 102 to 103% of pickup
Level Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V
Pickup Delay: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001s (Definite Time)
Operate Time: < 20 ms at 0.90 x pickup at 60 Hz
< 25 ms at 0.90 x pickup at 50 Hz

17.4.15 OVERTORQUE
Overtorque
Pickup level 0.1 to 999999.9 Nm/ft·lb in steps of 0.1; torque unit is selectable under torque
setup

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Pickup Delay: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1

Dropout level: 97% of Pickup
Pickup Accuracy: ±2.0%
Operate Time: < 2 cycles
Timing Accuracy: ±100 ms or 0.5% of total time
Elements: Alarm (induction motors only)

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17.5 RECORDING

17.5.1 EVENT DATA

EVENT DATA
Number of Records: 1024 (matches the existing Event Recorder)
Data Storage: Non-volatile memory
Time-tag Accuracy: One microsecond
Settings: 64 Configurable FlexAnalog parameters, Event Selector
Actuals: Selected Event Number, Timestamp of Selected Event, Cause
of Selected Event, 64 Configurable FlexAnalog values
Commands: None (using existing Clear Event Recorder)

17.5.2 MOTOR START STATISTICS

MOTOR START STATISTICS
Number of records: 5
Content: Start Date/Time, Start Acceleration Time, Start Effective
Current, Start Peak Current
Number of records: Non-volatile memory

17.5.3 MOTOR START RECORDS

MOTOR START RECORDS
Length: 6 records, each containing a total of 60 seconds of motor
starting data
Trigger: Motor starting status
Trigger Position: 1 second pre-trigger duration
Sample Rate: 1 sample/100 ms

17.5.4 MOTOR LEARNED DATA

MOTOR LEARNED DATA
Number of records: 250
Content: Learned/last acceleration time, learned/last starting current,
learned/last start TCU, learned average load, learned average
real power, learned average reactive power, learned average
power factor, average run time (days/hours/ minutes), maximum
speed, analog input minimum/maximum values, RTD maximum
temperature, Learned/Last Start SM SC TCU
Data Storage: .LDR File, CSV Format
Learned acceleration time accuracy: 3%
Learned starting current accuracy: 1%
Learned average motor load accuracy: 1%
Learned average power accuracy: 1%

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17.5.5 TRANSIENT RECORDER

TRANSIENT RECORDER
Default AC Channels: 8 currents + 4 voltages
Configurable Channels: 16 analog and 64 digital channels
Sampling Rate: 128/c, 64/c, 32/c, 16/c, 8/c
Trigger Source: Any element pickup, dropout or operate, digital input or output
change of state, FlexLogic operand
Trigger Position: 0 to 100%
Storage Capability: Non-volatile memory

17.5.6 DATA LOGGER

DATA LOGGER
Data Logger channels: 16
Data Logger Rate: 1 cycle, 1 sec., 30 sec., 1 min., 15 min., 30 min., 1 hour,
6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours
Inputs: Any analog parameter from the list of available analog
parameters
Data Collection Mode: Continuous, Triggered
Trigger Source: Any digital flag from the list of digital flags
Trigger Position: 0 to 50% in steps of 1%
Channel 1(16) Mode: Sample, Min, Max, Mean

17.5.7 EVENT RECORDER

EVENT RECORDER
Number of events: 1024
Header: relay name, order code, firmware revision
Content: any element pickup, any element operate, digital input change
of state, digital output change of state, self-test events
Data Storage: non-volatile memory
Time-tag Accuracy: to one microsecond

17.5.8 LAST TRIP DATA

LAST TRIP DATA
Number of Records: 1
Data Storage: Non-volatile memory
Time-tag Accuracy: One microsecond
Actuals: Event Number of Last Trip, Timestamp of Last Trip, Cause of
Last Trip, 64 Configurable FlexAnalog values
Commands: Clear Last Trip Data

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17.6 USER-PROGRAMMABLE ELEMENTS

17.6.1 FLEXLOGIC
FLEXLOGIC
Lines of code: 1024
Supported operations: NOT, XOR, OR (2 to 16 inputs), AND (2 to 16 inputs), NOR (2 to
16 inputs), NAND (2 to 16 inputs), latch (reset-dominant), edge
detectors, timers
Inputs: any logical variable, contact, or virtual input
Number of timers: 32
Pickup delay: 0 to 60000 (ms, sec., min.) in steps of 1
Dropout delay: 0 to 60000 (ms, sec., min.) in steps of 1
Timer accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.6.2 FLEXELEMENTS
FLEXELEMENTS
Number of elements: 8
Operating signal: Any analog actual value, or two values in a differential mode
Operating signal mode: Signed, or Absolute value
Operating mode: Level, Delta
Comparison direction: Over, Under
Operate time: FlexElements are processed once per cycle (16 ms at 60 Hz, 20
ms at 50 Hz)
Pickup Level: -30.000 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001 pu
Hysteresis: 0.1 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1%
Delta dt: 40 msec to 45 days
Pickup and dropout delays: 0.000 to 6000.000 s in steps of 0.001 s

17.6.3 FLEXSTATES
FLEXSTATES
Number of States: 256 logical variables grouped under 16 Modbus addresses
Programmability: Any FlexLogic operand, any digital input, any virtual input, any
remote input

17.6.4 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES

NON-VOLATILE LATCHES
Type: Set-dominant or Reset-dominant
Range: 16 individually programmed
Output: Stored in non-volatile memory
Execution sequence: As input prior to protection, control and FlexLogic

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17.6.5 FLEXCURVES
FLEXCURVES
Number: 4 (A, B, C, D)
Reset points: 40 (0.00 to 0.98 x pickup)
Operate points: 80 (1.03 to 20.0 x pickup)
Time delay: 0 to 200,000,000 ms in steps of 1 ms
Saturation level: 20 times the pickup level

17.6.6 TAB PUSHBUTTONS

TAB PUSHBUTTONS
Number of elements: 1 (20 Tab Pushbuttons)
Data Storage: Non-volatile memory
Mode: Self-reset, latched
Display Message: 2 lines; 15 characters per line
Dropout Timer: 0.000 to 60.000 s in steps of 0.005
Auto-reset Timer: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1
Hold Timer: 0.1 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1
Timer Accuracy: ±3% of delay setting or ±¼ cycle (whichever is greater) from
pickup to operate

17.6.7 USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS

USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS
Number: 17 (14 + 3 PB LEDS)
Programmability: any logic variable, contact, or virtual input
Reset mode: self-reset or latched

17.6.8 USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS

USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS
Number of pushbuttons: 3 (Membrane and Rugged Front Panels)
Mode: Self-reset, latched
Display message: 2 lines of 13 characters on each line
Dropout timer: 0.000 to 60.000 s in steps of 0.005
Auto-reset timer: 0.2 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.1
Hold timer: 0.0 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1

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17.7 METERING

17.7.1 MOTOR METERING VALUES

MOTOR METERING VALUES
Parameters: Motor Load, Thermal Model Biased Load, Filtered Motor Load,
Filtered RMS Phase A, B, C Currents, Filtered Phasor
Magnitude Phase A, B, C Currents
RMS Accuracy: ±0.25% of reading or ±0.2% of rated (whichever is greater) from
0.1 to 2.0 x CT± 1% of reading > 2.0 x CT
Magnitude Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.2% of rated (whichever is greater) from
0.1 to 2.0 x CT

17.7.2 RMS PARAMETERS

Currents
Parameters: Phase A, B, C, Neutral, Ground
Accuracy: ±0.25% of reading or ±0.2% of rated (whichever is greater) from
0.1 to 2.0 x CT±1% of reading > 2.0 x CT

Voltages
Parameters: Wye VTs: A-n, B-n, C-n, A-B, B-C, C-A, Average Phase, Neutral
and Residual. Delta VTs: A-B, B-C, C-A, Neutral and Residual
Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 15 to 208 V±2% for open Delta
connections

Sensitive Ground
Parameter: Isg
Accuracy (from 0.01 to 0.2 x CT): ±1.30% of rated
Accuracy (> 0.2 x CT): ±0.30% of reading or ±0.60% of rated (whichever is greater)

Real Power (Watts)

Range: -214748364.8 kW to 214748364.7 kW
Parameters: Wye VTs: 3-phase and per phase. Delta VTs: 3-phase only
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading or 0.2 kW (whichever is greater) at -0.8 < PF ≤
-1.0 and 0.8 < PF < 1.0

Reactive Power (Vars)

Range: -214748364.8 kvar to 214748364.7 kvar
Parameters: Wye VTs: 3-phase and per phase. Delta VTs: 3-phase only
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading or 0.2 kvar (whichever is greater) at -0.2 < PF
≤ 0.2

Apparent Power (VA)

Range: 0 kVA to 214748364.7 kVA

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Apparent Power (VA)

Parameters: Wye VTs: 3-phase and per phase. Delta VTs: 3-phase only
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading or 0.2 kVA (whichever is greater)

Power Factor
Parameters: 3-phase; per phase if VT is Wye
Range: 0.01 Lag to 1.00 to 0.01 Lead
Accuracy: ±0.02 for 50 Hz and 60 Hz; ±0.05 for 25 Hz

Watt-hours (positive and negative)

Range: 0.000 MWh to 4294967.295 MWh
Parameters: 3-phase only
Update Rate: 50 ms
Accuracy: ±2.0% of reading

Var-hours (positive and negative)

Range: 0.000 Mvarh to 4294967.295 Mvarh
Parameters: 3-phase only
Update Rate: 50 ms
Accuracy: ±2.0% of reading

17.7.3 PHASORS
PHASORS
Current
Parameters: Phase A, B, C, Neutral and Ground
Magnitude Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.2% of rated (whichever is greater) from
0.1 to 2.0 x CT
±1.0% of reading > 2.0 x CT
Angle Accuracy: 2° (3° for 25 Hz)
CBCT Angle Accuracy: ±25° (For 50:0.025 CT between 0.5A to 15A)
Voltages
Parameters: Wye VTs: A-n, B-n, C-n, A-B, B-C, C-A, Average Phase, Neutral
and Residual
Delta VTs: A-B, B-C, C-A, Neutral and Residual
Magnitude Accuracy: 1.5% of reading for 15 to 240V > 40Hz
Angle Accuracy: 0.5° (15 V <V < 208 V)

17.7.4 FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
Range: 2.000 to 90.000 Hz
Accuracy at: V = 15 to 208 V: ±0.01 Hz (input frequency 15 to 70 Hz);
I = 0.1 to 0.4 x CT: ±0.020 Hz (input frequency 15 to 70 Hz);
I > 0.4 x CT: ±0.01 Hz (input frequency 15 to 70 Hz)

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17.7.5 CURRENT AND VOLTAGE HARMONICS

CURRENT AND VOLTAGE HARMONICS
Parameters: Magnitude of each harmonic and THD
Range: 2nd to 25th harmonic: per-phase displayed as % of f1
fundamental frequency THD: per-phase displayed as % of f1

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17.8 INPUTS

17.8.1 AC CURRENTS
AC CURRENTS
CT Rated Primary: 1 to 50000 A
CT Rated Secondary: 1 A and 5 A secondary (both terminals available)
Burden (Typical at 60 Hz): 1A phase CT: 1A - 0.03VA/0.03Ω; 5A - 0.64VA/0.03Ω; 20A -
11.7VA/0.03Ω.
5A phase CT: 5A - 0.07VA/0.003Ω; 25A - 1.71VA/0.003Ω; 100A
- 31VA/0.003Ω
Conversion Range: Phase CT: 0.02 to 46 x CT rating
Gound CT: 0.1 to 1.0 × CT primary (1 A/5 A)
0.05 to 25.0 A (50:0.025)
Short Term CT Withstand: 1 second at 100 x rated current
2 seconds at 40 x rated current
Continuous 3 x rated current
CBCT (50:0.025) Withstand: Continuous 150 mA

17.8.2 AC VOLTAGE
AC VOLTAGE
VT Range: 10 to 260 V
Nominal Frequency: 20 to 65 Hz
Burden: >200 kΩ
Conversion Range: 1 to 275 V
Voltage Withstand: 280 V AC maximum continuous voltage

17.8.3 BSD INPUTS

BSD INPUTS
Dynamic BSD Range: 20 mV to 480 V RMS
Frequency: 1 to 120 Hz
Accuracy: ±0.02 Hz
Sampling: 64 samples per power cycle; 128 samples per power cycle
(available for transient recorder)
Burden: >200 kΩ

17.8.4 FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
Nominal frequency setting: 50 Hz, 60 Hz
Sampling frequency: 64 samples per power cycle. 128 samples per power cycle
(available for transient recorder)
Tracking frequency range: 3 to 72 Hz

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17.8.5 CONTACT INPUTS

CONTACT INPUTS
Number of inputs: 6 optically isolated
Type: Dry
Contact resistance: <800 Ω when Closed, >10K Ω when Open
Wetting voltage: 29 VDC supplied internally
Recognition time: 1 ms (typical)
Debounce time: 0.0 to 16.0 ms in steps of 0.5 ms
Wetting current: <10 mA

Note:
The digital inputs of the device are designed for dry contact connection. Do not inject voltages to digital inputs. Dry contact
connections only.

CLOCK
Setup: Date and Time, Daylight Saving Time, UTC (Coordinated
Universal Time)
Backup Retention: 31 days
Typical clock drift: +/- 5minutes per month

Note:
For relays with Hardware Revision A, Clock Backup Retention is only 1 hour

17.8.6 RTD INPUTS

RTD INPUTS
Wire Type: 3 wire
Sensor Type: 100 Ω Platinum, 120 Ω Nickel, 100 Ω Nickel, 10 Ω Copper
RTD Sensing Current: 3 mA
Range: –40 to +250°C (-40 to +482°F)
Accuracy: ±2°C (±4°F)
Lead Resistance: 25 Ω max. per lead for platinum or nickel and 3 Ω max. per lead
for copper RTDs
Isolation: 36 Vpk

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17.9 OUTPUTS

17.9.1 ANALOG OUTPUTS

ANALOG OUTPUTS
Range (configurable): 0 to 1 mA, 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA
Max. load resistance: 10 kΩ @ 1 mA, 600 Ω @ 20 mA
Accuracy: ±1% of full scale
Isolation: 500V DC (functional isolation between analog outputs and other
groups)
Driving Signal: any Analog quantity
Sampling Interval: Typically 2 ms
Upper and lower limit (for the driving signal): -90 to 90 pu in steps of 0.001
Cable: Shielded cable with only one end of the shield grounded
Open Circuit Alarm Threshold: >32V at the terminal

17.9.2 FORM C OUTPUT RELAYS

FORM C OUTPUT RELAYS
Maximum Working Voltage: 300VDC/300VAC
Make and short-time carry current: 30A/0.2s per IEEE C37.90
Maximum Continuous Current per contact: 10A
Total maximum current for contacts connected to common 10A
potential:
Breaking Capacity (DC inductive) with respect to source 24 V-1 A; 48 V-0.5 A; 125 V-0.3 A; 250 V-0.2 A
voltage, @L/R = 40 ms (10000 Operation, per IEC 60255-1
2009-08):
Breaking Capacity (DC resistive) with respect to source 24 V-10 A; 48 V-1.5 A; 125 V-0.4 A; 250 V-0.3 A
voltage:
Breaking Capacity (AC inductive) with respect to source A300, Pilot duty 720 VA
voltage, @PF= 0.4 or less:
Breaking Capacity (AC resistive) with respect to source 277V-10A
voltage:
Operating Time (coil energization to contact closure, resistive <8ms
load):
Contact Material: Silver alloy
Mechanical Endurance (no load): > 10,000
Maximum Frequency of operation: 360/h
Protection Device across contact: EMI Suppression Cap, 1nF

Note:
For order codes with a combined total of 2 or 3 type A and M I/O cards, the following ratings are applied to meet UL508
requirements: 1 second on / 10 seconds off, 9% duty cycle

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17.9.3 PULSED OUTPUTS

PULSED OUTPUTS
Mode: 3-phase positive and negative active energy measurement,
3-phase positive and negative reactive energy measurements
Principle: Pulsed output is energized for one second and then de-
energized for one second after the programed energy
increment.

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17.10 POWER SUPPLY

17.10.1 VOLTAGE SUPPLIES

(FOR H AND R OPTIONS ONLY)
Nominal DC Voltage: 125 to 250 V
Minimum DC Voltage: 88 V
Maximum DC Voltage: 300 V
Nominal AC Voltage: 100 to 240 V at 50/60 Hz
Minimum AC Voltage: 88 V at 50 to 60 Hz
Maximum AC Voltage: 265 V at 50 to 60 Hz

(FOR L DC OPTION ONLY)

Nominal DC Voltage: 24 V to 48 V
Minimum DC Voltage: 20 V
Maximum DC Voltage: 60 V

17.10.2 POWER CONSUMPTION

POWER CONSUMPTION
Typical: 20 W / 40 VA
Maximum: 34 W / 70 VA

17.10.3 VOLTAGE LOSS RIDE THROUGH

VOLTAGE LOSS RIDE THROUGH
100V AC: 85 ms
240V AC: 500 ms
24V DC 35 ms
48V DC 200 ms
Use of Electrolytic Cap: Restricted to the energy storage to ride through voltage loss
Operating Life Expectancy at ambient of 60°C, 55% RH 12 years minimum

17.10.4 FUSE
FUSE
T 3.15 A H 250 V (5 × 20 mm)

17.10.5 ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS MODEL

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS MODULE (EAM)
Ambient Temperature Measuring Range: -40°C to +80°C
Temperature Measuring Accuracy: ±2°C
Ambient Relative Humidity Measuring Range: 0 - 100% RH

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ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS MODULE (EAM)

Typical Humidity Measuring Accuracy: ±3% RH
Surge Detector Threshold: 500V Common Mode, waveform as per IEC 61000-4-5

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17.11 COMMUNICATIONS

17.11.1 ETHERNET
ETHERNET - 2X COPPER (RJ45) PORTS
Modes: 10/100 MB
Two Ports: RJ45 (with this option both enabled ports are on the
communications card; the Ethernet port located on the base
CPU is disabled)
Protocols: Modbus TCP, DNP3.0, IEC 61850 Ed.2, IEC 61850 Ed.2
GOOSE, SNTP, IEC 62439-3 clause 4 (PRP)

17.11.2 USB
USB
Standard specification: Compliant with USB 2.0
Protocols: Modbus TCP, TFTP

17.11.3 USB
USB
Standard specification: 12Mbit/s
Protocols: Modbus TCP, TFTP
Connector: USB2.0 Type B
Isolation: 500V DC

17.11.4 SERIAL
SERIAL (COPPER)
RS485 port: Isolated
Baud rates: Supports 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600
and 115200 kbps
Response time: 10 ms typical
Parity: None, Odd, Even
Protocol: Modbus RTU, DNP 3.0, IEC 60870-5-103
Maximum distance: 1200 m (4000 feet)
Isolation: 2 kV
Cable: 24 AWG stranded, shielded twisted-pair

SERIAL (FIBER)
Optional use RTD remote module hookup
Baud rates: Supports 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and
115200 kbps
Protocol: Modbus RTU

Fiber sizes: 50/125, 62.5/125, 100/140, and 200 µm

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SERIAL (FIBER)
Emitter fiber type: 820 nm LED, multimode

Transmit power: –20 dBm (10µW)

Received sensitivity: –30 dBm (1µW)

Power budget: 10 dB

Maximum optical input power: –7.6 dBm (173.8µW)

Typical link distance: 1.65 km

Note:
Typical link distance is based upon the following assumptions for system loss. As actual losses vary between installations, the
distance covered will vary.

TYPICAL LINK DISTANCE ASSUMPTIONS

Connector loss: 2 dB

Fiber loss: 3 dB/km

Splice loss: One splice every 2 km at 0.05 dB loss/splice

System margin: 3 dB additional loss added to calculations to compensate for all

other losses.

17.11.5 RS485
RS485
Baud Rate: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200
kbps
Protocol: Modbus RTU, DNP 3.0, IEC 60870-5-103
Connector: Terminal Block
Cable: Belden 9841 or similar 24 AWG stranded, shielded twisted pair
Isolation: 2kV

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Chapter 17 - Specifications

17.12 CERTIFICATIONS AND APPROVALS

17.12.1 APPROVALS
APPLICABLE COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ACCORDING TO
CE compliance Low voltage directive EN60255-27
EMC Directive EN60255-26
R&TTE Directive ETSI EN300 328, ETSI EN301 489-1,
ETSI EN301-489-17,
RoHS Directive RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, 2015/863
North America cULus UL508, e57838 NKCR, NRGU
CSA C22.2.No 14, e57838 NKCR7,
NRGU7
ISO Manufactured under a registered quality ISO9001
program

17.12.2 TESTING AND CERTIFICATION

Approvals
APPLICABLE COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ACCORDING TO
CE compliance Low voltage directive EN60255-27
EMC Directive EN60255-26
cRoHS Directive cRoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, 2015/863
North America cULus UL508, e57838 NKCR, NRGU
CSA C22.2.No 14, e57838 NKCR7,
NRGU7
North America cULus UL508, e57838 NKCR, NRGU
CSA C22.2.No 14, e57838 NKCR7,
NRGU7
ISO Manufactured under a registered quality ISO9001
program
CE compliance Low voltage directive EN60255-27
EMC Directive EN60255-26

Testing and Certification

TEST REFERENCE STANDARD TEST LEVEL
Dielectric voltage withstand IEC60255-27 2.3 kV
Impulse voltage withstand IEC60255-27 5 kV
Insulation resistance IEC60255-27 500 VDC
Damped Oscillatory IEC61000-4-18 2.5 kV CM, 1 kV DM, 1 MHz
Electrostatic Discharge EN61000-4-2 Level 4
RF immunity EN61000-4-3 Level 3
Fast Transient Disturbance EN61000-4-4 Class A and B

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TEST REFERENCE STANDARD TEST LEVEL

Surge Immunity EN61000-4-5 Level 3
Conducted RF Immunity EN61000-4-6 Level 3
Power Frequency Immunity IEC60255-26 Class A & B
Voltage variation, interruption and Ripple IEC60255-26 PQT levels based on IEC61000-4-29,
DC IEC61000-4-11 and IEC61000-4-17
Radiated & Conducted Emissions CISPR11 /CISPR22 Class A
Sinusoidal Vibration IEC60255-21-1 Class 1
Shock & Bump IEC60255-21-2 Class 1
Seismic IEC60255-21-3 Class 2
Power magnetic Immunity IEC61000-4-8 Level 5
Pulse Magnetic Immunity IEC61000-4-9 Level 4
Damped Magnetic Immunity IEC61000-4-10 Level 4
Voltage Dip & interruption IEC61000-4-11 0, 40, 70, 80% dips, 250/300 cycle
interrupts
Harmonic Immunity IEC61000-4-13 Class 3
Conducted RF Immunity 0-150kHz IEC61000-4-16 Level 4
Ingress Protection IEC60529 IP50 front
Environmental (Cold) IEC60068-2-1 -40C 16 hrs
Environmental (Dry heat) IEC60068-2-2 85C 16hrs
Relative Humidity Cyclic IEC60068-2-30 6 day humidity variant 2
EFT IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1 4kV, 5 kHz
Damped Oscillatory IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1 2.5 kV, 1 MHz
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) IEEE/ANSI C37.90.3 8kV DC/ 15 kV AD
Product Safety IEC60255-27 As per standard

Note:
May contain components with FCC ID: XF6-RS9110N1122 and IC ID: 8407A-RS9110N1122

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17.13 ENVIRONMENTAL

AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
Storage/Shipping: -40°C to 85°C
Operating: -40°C to 60°C
Humidity Operating up to 95% (non condensing) @ 55°C (As per
IEC60068-2-30 Variant 2, 6 days)
Altitude: 2000m (standard base reference evaluated altitude)
5000m (maximum achievable altitude)
Pollution Degree: II
Overvoltage Category: II
Ingress Protection: IP54 Front (845,850, 869, 889)
IP 50 Front (859)
Insulation Class: 1
Noise: 0 dB

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17.14 LONG-TERM STORAGE

The device should be stored in an environment that is dry, corrosive-free, and not in direct sunlight.
Correct storage will prevent premature component failures caused by environmental factors such as moisture or
corrosive gases. Exposure to high humidity or corrosive environments will prematurely degrade the electronic
components in any electronic device regardless of its use or manufacturer, unless specific precautions, such as
those mentioned in the Environmental section, are taken.
We recommend that you power up all stored relays once per year, for one hour continuously, to avoid deterioration
of electrolytic capacitors and subsequent relay failure.

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 CHAPTER 18

MAINTENANCE
Chapter 18 - Maintenance

18.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter provides some information about the device maintenance.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Chapter Overview 698
Environmental Health Report 699
Motor Health Report 701
General Maintenance 703

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18.2 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REPORT

Prolonged exposure to harsh environments and transient conditions that exceed those stated in the device
specifications will reduce the life of the product. The relay has a patented Environmental Awareness Module (EAM)
to record environmental data over the life of the product. The module measures temperature, humidity, surge pulses
and accumulates the events every hour in pre-determined threshold buckets over a period of 15 years. Using
EnerVista D&I Setup software, you can retrieve this data in the form of a histogram. This will help you to quickly
identify any changes in the operating condition of installed products and arrange necessary remedial action. An
example of a report is provided below.

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Figure 266: Environmental Report

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18.3 MOTOR HEALTH REPORT

The motor health reporting function is included with every relay, providing critical information on the historical
operating characteristics of the motor during motor starting and stopping operations during a programmable time
period. The report can be generated as a PDF file using the EnerVista 8 Series Setup software. The health report
includes seven categories:

Device Overview
This gives general information on the motor, including requested period, user name, device name, order code,
firmware version, motor and system settings, and motor total running time.

Status Overview
This summarizes the historical learned data and gives an evaluation of the status of the motor, including the oldest
and latest values of acceleration time, starting current, start thermal capacity used, average motor load, average
power and power factor, and average running time. The data are extracted from the category of Motor Starting
Learned Information below.

Trip Summary
This gives a summary of the events that have tripped the motor.

Motor Operating History

This analyzes the operands in the Event Records to count the number of events in terms of Motor Starting/Running,
Manual Stop Commands, Trip Commands, Lockouts, Alarm Conditions, and Emergency Restarts.

Motor Starting Learned Information

This collects the learned data from the element of Motor Learned Data, including acceleration time, starting current,
start thermal capacity used, average motor load, average power and power factor, and average running time. Every
time a successful start occurs, a Learned Data Record is created. The relay stores the previous 250 Learned Data
Records.

Motor Start Records

This displays the start data recorded in the element of Motor Start Records, including average of three-phase RMS
currents, ground current, average of three-phase RMS voltages, real and reactive power, power factor, thermal
capacity used, frequency and motor status. When a motor start status is detected, a start data record is triggered,
where 1-second pre-trigger data and 59-second post-trigger data are recorded. A total of 6 records are stored in the
relay. Record # 1 is the baseline record and it is written to only by the first start that occurs after clearing the motor
start records. The rest records are a rolling buffer of the last 5 motor starts.

Motor Stopping/Tripping
This gives details on the events that are specifically related to the stopping and the tripping of the motor.

The analysis in Trip Summary, Motor Operating History and Motor Stopping/Tripping is based on the classification of
operands stored in the Event Records. The classification rules are listed in the table below.

Note:
To ensure the listed operands are able to be classified, the Events function in the associated elements needs to be enabled.

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Chapter 18 - Maintenance

18.3.1 EVENT CLASSIFICATION RULES

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Chapter 18 - Maintenance

18.4 GENERAL MAINTENANCE

The relay requires minimal maintenance. As a microprocessor-based relay, its characteristics do not change over
time. The expected service life is 20 years when the environment and electrical conditions are within stated
specifications.
The relay performs continual self-tests, however we recommend scheduling regular maintenance activities. This
maintenance can involve in-service, out-of-service, or unscheduled maintenance.

18.4.1 IN-SERVICE MAINTENANCE

In-service maintenance consists of the following activities:
1. Visual verification of the analog values integrity, such as voltage and current (in comparison to other devices
on the corresponding system).
2. Visual verification of active alarms, relay display messages, and LED indications.
3. Visual inspection for any damage, corrosion, dust, or loose wires.
4. Event recorder file download with further events analysis.

18.4.2 OUT-OF-SERVICE MAINTENANCE

Out-of-service maintenance consists of the following activities:
1. Check wiring connections for firmness.
2. Analog values (currents, voltages, RTDs, analog inputs) injection test and metering accuracy verification.
Calibrated test equipment is required.
3. Protection elements setting verification (analog values injection or visual verification of setting file entries
against relay settings schedule).
4. Contact inputs and outputs verification. This test can be conducted by direct change of state forcing or as part
of the system functional testing.
5. Visual inspection for any damage, corrosion, or dust.
6. Event recorder file download with further events analysis.

18.4.3 UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE (SYSTEM INTERRUPTION)

Unscheduled maintenance consists of the following activities:
● Viewing the event recorder and oscillography for correct operation of inputs, outputs, and elements.

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© 2024 GE Vernova. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or
warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend
on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.