Objective 2: Ensure safe and
efficient burner operation
Facilitator: Boniface MUKESHIMANA:
MAPPM, Bsc. With Education, PREMA International Certified.
Contact: Tel: +250788501605
Email: bmukesha@gmail.com
Factors impacting firing efficiency
Firing efficiency is impacted by a variety of factors, broadly categorized
into fuel properties, combustion parameters, and environmental conditions.
These factors influence how effectively fuel is converted into usable energy
and can affect both the completeness of combustion and the overall
energy output
Fuel-related factors
Fuel type:
Different fuels have varying combustion characteristics. For example, fuels with higher volatile matter
content tend to burn more readily.
Fuel quality:
Moisture content, ash content, and calorific value all play a role. High moisture content can hinder
combustion, while high ash content can lead to incomplete burning and slagging.
Fuel fineness:
In pulverized fuel combustion, finer particles offer a larger surface area for combustion, leading to
more efficient burning
Combustion-related factors
Air/fuel ratio:
The correct ratio of air to fuel is crucial for complete combustion. Too much or too little air can
lead to incomplete burning and reduced efficiency.
Combustion temperature:
Maintaining the appropriate combustion temperature is essential for efficient burning.
Temperatures that are too low can hinder ignition and slow down the reaction, while
temperatures that are too high can lead to increased NOx emissions.
Turbulence:
Adequate mixing of fuel and air through turbulence is necessary for complete and efficient
combustion.
Residence time:
The amount of time the fuel and air mixture spends in the combustion chamber affects the
completion of the reaction. Insufficient residence time can lead to unburnt fuel
Environmental factors
Temperature: The ambient temperature can affect the ignition and
combustion process.
Humidity: High humidity can reduce the availability of oxygen and hinder
combustion.
Wind: Wind can affect the flow of air and influence the combustion
process, especially in outdoor settings
Other factors
Boiler design:
The design of the boiler, including the furnace and heat transfer surfaces, can impact
efficiency.
Burner design:
The burner's ability to properly mix and distribute fuel and air is crucial for efficient
combustion.
Maintenance:
Proper maintenance of the combustion equipment, including cleaning and inspections, can
prevent issues that reduce efficiency
Ensure safe and efficient burner
operation
To ensure safe and efficient burner operation, regular maintenance, proper
installation, and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial. This includes
checking for leaks, ensuring proper ventilation, and monitoring combustion
to prevent hazardous conditions and optimize performance.
Installation and Ventilation
Proper Room:
Install the burner in a suitable room with adequate external air openings and ventilation to ensure
perfect combustion and prevent the buildup of toxic or explosive gas mixtures.
Airflow:
Never obstruct air openings of the burner room, burner fan intake vents, or air ducts.
Protection:
Protect the burner from rain, snow, and frost to prevent corrosion and damage.
Cleanliness:
Keep the burner room clean and free of substances that could clog the burner or combustion
head.
Combustion and Safety
Fuel and Air:
Ensure the burner is adapted to the fuel and power supply conditions. Determine the proper
fuel and air supply for optimal combustion and efficiency.
CO Monitoring:
Regularly check for carbon monoxide (CO) levels, especially during initial operation, and
ensure they remain within acceptable limits.
Control System:
Make sure the control and safety systems, including flame monitoring and safety shut-off
valves, are operating correctly.
Leak Detection:
Regularly check for fuel leaks and address them immediately to maintain efficiency and
prevent hazards.
Flame Monitoring:
Ensure the flame monitoring system is functioning correctly to detect flameouts and prevent
fuel buildup.
Safety Devices:
Test safety devices like low water level cut-offs and pressure relief valves regularly to ensure
they function as intended.
Maintenance and Monitoring
Regular Inspections: Conduct routine visual inspections for leaks, unusual noises,
or any signs of wear and tear.
Fuel and Air Flow: Monitor fuel and air flow rates to ensure proper mixing and
combustion.
Temperature Control: Maintain combustion temperatures within the specified
limits.
Record Keeping: Keep detailed records of maintenance activities, including
cleaning, inspections, and any replaced parts.
Manufacturer Guidelines: Adhere to the manufacturer's recommended
maintenance schedule
Burner Management System (BMS)
Automated Safety:
Implement a BMS to automate safety functions like flame monitoring, fuel shutoff, and
emergency shutdowns.
Precise Control:
BMS can provide precise control over fuel and air ratios, optimizing combustion and
reducing emissions.
Integration:
BMS can be integrated with other control systems for comprehensive monitoring and
analysis.
Early Detection:
BMS can detect potential problems early on and trigger alarms or shutdowns to prevent
accidents.
Operator Training
Comprehensive Training:
Ensure all operators are trained in safe operating procedures, emergency protocols, and
routine maintenance tasks.
Understanding Risks:
Operators should be aware of the potential hazards associated with burner operation,
including gas leaks and carbon monoxide poisoning.
Emergency Response:
Operators should be able to respond effectively to emergency situations, including shutting
down the burner and initiating appropriate safety procedures.
