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DD Lecture 1

The document discusses the differences between analog and digital signals, highlighting the advantages of digital design such as noise immunity, regeneration, programmability, and integration. It outlines the basics of digital logic, including binary representation and logical operations, and introduces key figures in the development of digital design. The expected outcomes of a digital design course include understanding digital logic, designing circuits, and coding in Hardware Description Language (HDL).

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11 views20 pages

DD Lecture 1

The document discusses the differences between analog and digital signals, highlighting the advantages of digital design such as noise immunity, regeneration, programmability, and integration. It outlines the basics of digital logic, including binary representation and logical operations, and introduces key figures in the development of digital design. The expected outcomes of a digital design course include understanding digital logic, designing circuits, and coding in Hardware Description Language (HDL).

Uploaded by

f20230881
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE/EEE/INSTR F215

DIGITAL DESIGN
Tushar Sakorikar
Signal Types: Analog vs Digital
• Analog Signal: Continuous values (e.g., sine wave, temperature vs. time)
Digital Signal: Discrete steps (e.g., temperature taken every hour)

• This data is only sampled/quantized, but is not completely digital

• You still need to convert it into binary code for true digital representation
Why Do We Need Digital Design When We Have Analog Design?
1. Noise Immunity:
• Analog signals degrade with noise, interference, and signal loss (e.g., long wires).
• Digital signals are easier to recover and regenerate

2. Regeneration/Reuse:
• Digital data can be stored, copied, and transmitted without loss.
• Copying Analog signals results in degradation of data each time.

3. Programmability and Flexibility:


• Digital circuits can be programmed (via logic, firmware, software).
• Analog circuits are hard-wired, which means changing the function requires physical modification.

4. Integration and Scalability:


• Digital circuits (e.g., CPUs, memory) can integrate billions of transistors on a single chip.
• Analog integration is harder and less dense.

Key Difference:
Analog = Infinite resolution (in principle or for all practical purposes)
Digital = Finite steps, but more robust and programmable
Example of Analog System
Example of a Digital System
Example of a system with both Analog and Digital Components
Mechatronic system
Line Following Robot
Levels of abstraction for an electronic computing system

F215: Digital Design


Digital system: Expected outcome

1. Understand the basics of digital logic and arithmetic

2. Combination logic circuits

3. Sequential logic circuits

4. Designing functional blocks using #2 and #3

5. How to code in Hardware Description Language (HDL)


Digital system: Genesis

George Boole
‘The laws of thought Claude Shannon
(1854),’ which is the Applied Boolean algebra in
genesis of Boolean telephone exchanges and also
algebra to design digital circuits (1937)
Charles Babbage's Difference Engine
(Designed in 1837)
Mechanical switch
Based on decimal number system

www
Binary Logic: Core to Digital Design

The two digits in the binary system: 1 and 0

Each of them is called a ‘bit’

Low voltage indicates: 0


High voltage indicates: 1
This is called Positive Logic
What do the numbers 0 and 1 represent in the real world?

They represent voltage levels

Can be any other voltage levels


Three basic logical operations

AND x⋅y=z or xy=z is read “x AND y is equal to z.”

OR x+y=z is read “x OR y is equal to z,”


x′=z (or x = z) is read “not x is equal to z,” meaning that
NOT z is what x is not
Logic gates for three basic logical operations

Additional logic gates

Buffer
Additional logic gates

NAND

NOR
Exclusive-OR
XOR

Exclusive-NOR
X-NOR
Equivalence
Representation of voltage levels in binary logic

Active HIGH Active LOW


General representation of signal values from hardware

For Positive logic or Active low (H=1 and L=0)


For Negative logic or Active low (H=0 and L=1)

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