Problem and solution

Introduction
 Paraphrasing the prompt:
 It is an undeniable fact that [problem] is a pressing issue in today's
society.
 The issue of [problem] has become a major concern globally.
 In recent years, [problem] has had a significant impact on [related area].
 Thesis statement (outlining the essay):
 This essay will examine some of the primary problems caused by this and
propose a few practical solutions.
 This essay will discuss the main problems associated with this trend and
suggest potential measures to address it.
 The following essay will first outline the key issues arising from [topic] and
then present some viable remedies.
Body paragraph 1: Problems
 Topic sentence:
 One of the most significant problems caused by ………………… is
(problem 1).
 The most notable drawback of this development is that (problem 1).
 Firstly, the adverse effects of [topic] are evident in (problem 1).
 Explaining the problems:
 This is primarily because...
 As a result, [consequence]...
 Consequently, [consequence] often occurs.
 This leads to a situation where [describe situation].
 Adding a second problem (optional):
 Furthermore, another issue that arises is [problem 2].
 A further consideration is [problem 2].
 In addition to [problem 1], [problem 2] is also a major concern.
 Providing examples:
 For example, [give specific example].
 A clear instance of this is [give specific instance].
 This can be seen in the case of [provide example].
Body paragraph 2: Solutions
 Topic sentence:
 Several measures can be taken to address these problems effectively.
 To tackle these issues, a number of solutions can be implemented.
  Fortunately, various solutions exist that could help mitigate these negative
effects.
 Presenting solutions:
 The most effective solution is arguably [solution 1].
 One practical approach would be to [solution 1].
 One way to solve this could be...
 Elaborating on the solutions:
 This could be achieved by [explain how].
 For instance, [expand on the solution].
 The result of this would be [explain outcome].
 Presenting a second solution (optional):
 In addition to this, another viable solution is [solution 2].
 Alternatively, [solution 2] could be another option.
 Providing examples for solutions:
 For example, [give an example of a successful implementation].
 A country that has successfully adopted this approach is [country].
Conclusion
 Summarizing the problems and solutions:
 In conclusion, the problems of [mention problems] can be successfully
tackled by implementing solutions such as [mention solutions].
 To conclude, while [problems] present significant challenges, these can be
overcome through [solutions].
 In summary, the difficulties related to [problems] require immediate
action, and the adoption of [solutions] would be a step in the right
direction.
 Concluding thought:
It is hoped that governments and individuals will take these measures to create a
more [positive outcome].
It is crucial that [relevant parties] take action to ensure a more positive future.

 The rapid development of social media platforms has led to a range of potential
problems for teenagers, including cyberbullying and online addiction.
What problems can this cause, and what solutions can be implemented by parents,
schools, and social media companies to tackle this issue?
 The increasing volume of plastic waste has become a major environmental issue,
causing significant damage to oceans and ecosystems.
What are the primary causes of plastic pollution, and what steps should be taken by
governments and individuals to mitigate this problem?
 Many working adults today get little or no physical exercise during their workday or
in their free time, leading to various health problems.
What are the reasons why many working people do not get enough exercise, and what
solutions can be implemented to encourage a more active lifestyle?
Advantages VS disadvantages
Introduction
 Background sentence: Introduce the topic by paraphrasing the question.
The increasing popularity of [topic] has become a prominent feature of modern
life.
 Outline sentence: State that the essay will explore the pros and cons of the trend.
This essay will discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of [topic].
This essay will explore both the positive and negative aspects of [topic].
Body paragraph 1: Advantages
 Topic sentence (1st advantage): Begin with a clear statement introducing the benefits.
One of the main benefits of [topic] is that...
A primary advantage of [topic] is...
 Supporting details: Elaborate on the first advantage.
This means that...
As a result...
For example...
 Topic sentence (2nd advantage, optional): Introduce a second advantage if needed for
development.
Furthermore, another upside of [topic] is...
In addition to [advantage, topic] also allows people to...
Body paragraph 2: Disadvantages
 Topic sentence (1st disadvantage): Signal the transition to the drawbacks.
However, this development is not without its drawbacks.
A major concern associated with [topic] is that...
 Supporting details: Explain and provide an example for the disadvantage.
This can result in...
This could be problematic because...
 Topic sentence (2nd disadvantage, optional):
Another downside to consider is...
 What's more, [drawback] also needs to be taken into account.
Conclusion
 Summary sentence: Briefly summarize the main points.
In conclusion, while there are clear benefits to [topic], the disadvantages cannot
be ignored.
To summarize, [topic] brings with it both positive and negative consequences.

Type 2: Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

This type of essay requires you to state and support a clear opinion in favor of either the
advantages or disadvantages.
Introduction
 Background sentence: Introduce the topic by paraphrasing the question.
With the rise of [topic], there has been much debate as to whether the benefits
outweigh the drawbacks.
 Opinion statement (thesis): Clearly state the position.
The advantages of [topic] far outweigh the disadvantages.
The disadvantages of [topic] are more significant than its benefits.
Body paragraph 1: The side supported
 Topic sentence: State the main reason for the position.
A key advantage of [topic] is...
The most significant benefit is that...
 Supporting details and examples: Explain the point and provide evidence.
This is because...
For instance...
 Elaboration (optional): Introduce a second point for extra support.
Furthermore, another positive aspect is...
Body paragraph 2: The opposing side
 Topic sentence: Introduce the opposing view to show a balanced perspective.
However, it is important to acknowledge that there are also drawbacks.
 Despite these benefits, opponents argue that a major downside is...
 Supporting details and examples: Discuss the counterargument without undermining
the main position.
This can result in...
For example...
Conclusion
 Summary sentence: Reiterate the main argument and acknowledge the opposing view.
In conclusion, although the potential drawbacks cannot be ignored, [topic] is
ultimately more advantageous.
 Reaffirmation of opinion: Restate the final position using different words.
Ultimately, the positive outcomes of [topic] far exceed its negative aspects.

 Discuss the pros and cons of online dating, which has become possible due to
technology.

 Examine the advantages and disadvantages of conducting business meetings online

instead of in person.

 Evaluate whether the advantages of taking a gap year between high school and
university outweigh the disadvantages
Problem and solution essay
1. Explore the reasons behind the link between a low level of education and crime, and
suggest solutions.
2. Address the growing threat of space debris and satellite launches, discussing causes
and potential measures.
3. Consider the problems caused by increasing populations living in homes with little
outdoor space and propose solutions.

Cause and Effect

Example phrases for introduction

 Nowadays, the number of people experiencing [smoking/ drugs/pollution/]

has increased significantly.
 This essay will explore the key causes and effects of this concerning trend.
 The following essay will first outline the key reasons behind [topic] and then examine
the consequences.

Body paragraph 1: Causes

The first body paragraph should focus on the reasons for the issue.
 Topic sentence: State the main cause(s) of the topic.

One of the primary causes of [topic] is [cause 1].

Several factors have contributed to [topic], including [cause
1] and [cause 2].
 Explain and provide evidence: Elaborate on each cause with details and examples.
This is primarily due to...
For example, [provide a specific, relevant example].
Another contributing factor is...
Example phrases for explaining causes
 This is often because...
 As a result of this, [describe consequence related to the cause].
 For instance, the rise of [factor] is attributable to [cause].
Body paragraph 2: Effects
The second body paragraph should explain the consequences of the causes mentioned.
 Topic sentence: Introduce the effects resulting from the causes.
The effects of [topic] can be severe, impacting both [area 1] and [area 2].
Consequently, this development can have a number of negative consequences.
 Explain and provide evidence: Discuss each effect with specific details.
One immediate effect is...
A further consequence is that...
This is leading to...
Example phrases for explaining effects
 As a result of this trend, [describe outcome].
 This can lead to a situation where...
 A clear instance of this is...
Conclusion
The conclusion should briefly summarize your main points without introducing new
information.
 Summary: Briefly restate the key causes and effects discussed in your body
paragraphs.
In conclusion, the problems associated with [topic] are largely driven by
[causes], which result in [effects].
 Final thought (optional): End with a concise, overall thought on the issue.
Addressing these issues will require [mention relevant parties] to take action.

 Discuss the causes and effects of global warming.

 Examine the causes and effects of increased air pollution in urban areas on the
environment and public health.
 Analyze the causes and effects of increased consumer goods production on the natural
environment.

 Advantages and disadvantages essay



Question: With the increase in global business, there is a growing trend for
companies to send employees abroad for a period of time. Do the advantages of this
outweigh the disadvantages?
The practice of multinational corporations dispatching employees to overseas offices is
becoming increasingly prevalent in the era of globalization. While there are certain
merits to this approach, the substantial drawbacks, both for the employee and the
company, are more significant.
The main advantage for both the employee and the organization is the potential for
professional and personal growth. For employees, working abroad offers an unparalleled
opportunity to develop new skills, gain cross-cultural competencies, and broaden their
career horizons. A manager, for example, might gain invaluable experience adapting their
leadership style to a new cultural context. From the company's perspective, such
assignments can foster a more internationally-minded workforce, capable of navigating
diverse markets and strengthening global operations.

However, the disadvantages often overshadow these benefits. A primary concern is the
potential for significant personal strain on the employee and their family. Relocating to a
new country can be a jarring experience, leading to culture shock, loneliness, and stress.
Spouses and children may struggle to adapt, impacting the employee's well-being and
productivity. From a corporate standpoint, these expatriate assignments are extremely
expensive due to relocation costs, housing allowances, and higher salaries. Furthermore,
there is a high rate of failure, with many employees returning prematurely, representing a
major financial loss for the company. The disruption caused by a failed assignment often
outweighs any potential gains in global strategy.

In conclusion, while sending employees to work overseas can offer valuable development
opportunities, the significant personal challenges for staff and the substantial financial
risks for companies make the disadvantages far more pronounced. For a global business
 to truly succeed, it is crucial to balance the strategic benefits of such assignments against
the high costs and human resources concerns.

Problem and solution

Introduction
 Paraphrasing the prompt:
 It is an undeniable fact that [problem] is a pressing issue in today's
society.
 The issue of [problem] has become a major concern globally.
 In recent years, [problem] has had a significant impact on [related area].
 Thesis statement (outlining the essay):
 This essay will examine some of the primary problems caused by this and
propose a few practical solutions.
 This essay will discuss the main problems associated with this trend and
suggest potential measures to address it.
 The following essay will first outline the key issues arising from [topic] and
then present some viable remedies.
Body paragraph 1: Problems
 Topic sentence:
 One of the most significant problems caused by ………………… is
(problem 1).
 The most notable drawback of this development is that (problem 1).
 Firstly, the adverse effects of [topic] are evident in (problem 1).
 Explaining the problems:
 This is primarily because...
 As a result, [consequence]...
 Consequently, [consequence] often occurs.
 This leads to a situation where [describe situation].
 Adding a second problem (optional):
 Furthermore, another issue that arises is [problem 2].
 A further consideration is [problem 2].
 In addition to [problem 1], [problem 2] is also a major concern.
 Providing examples:
  For example, [give specific example].
 A clear instance of this is [give specific instance].
 This can be seen in the case of [provide example].
Body paragraph 2: Solutions
 Topic sentence:
 Several measures can be taken to address these problems effectively.
 To tackle these issues, a number of solutions can be implemented.
 Fortunately, various solutions exist that could help mitigate these negative
effects.
 Presenting solutions:
 The most effective solution is arguably [solution 1].
 One practical approach would be to [solution 1].
 One way to solve this could be...
 Elaborating on the solutions:
 This could be achieved by [explain how].
 For instance, [expand on the solution].
 The result of this would be [explain outcome].
 Presenting a second solution (optional):
 In addition to this, another viable solution is [solution 2].
 Alternatively, [solution 2] could be another option.
 Providing examples for solutions:
 For example, [give an example of a successful implementation].
 A country that has successfully adopted this approach is [country].
Conclusion
 Summarizing the problems and solutions:
 In conclusion, the problems of [mention problems] can be successfully
tackled by implementing solutions such as [mention solutions].
 To conclude, while [problems] present significant challenges, these can be
overcome through [solutions].
 In summary, the difficulties related to [problems] require immediate
action, and the adoption of [solutions] would be a step in the right
direction.
 Concluding thought:
It is hoped that governments and individuals will take these measures to create a
more [positive outcome].
It is crucial that [relevant parties] take action to ensure a more positive future.
Problem and solution essay
Question: Many large cities in the world are facing increasing levels of air pollution.
What are the causes of this problem, and what measures can be taken to solve it?

An increasing number of major metropolitan areas worldwide are grappling with a

significant rise in air pollution. This environmental crisis is largely the result of
industrialization and urban congestion, necessitating comprehensive measures to mitigate
its effects.
The primary causes of urban air pollution are directly linked to human activity. The
burning of fossil fuels from vehicle exhaust is arguably the largest contributor, especially
in cities with inadequate public transport systems and a high density of private cars.
Another major factor is the proliferation of industrial complexes on the outskirts of cities,
which often release large quantities of harmful gases and particulate matter into the
atmosphere without sufficient regulation. Furthermore, poor waste management,
including the burning of waste, exacerbates the problem by releasing toxic smoke and
chemicals.
Addressing this problem requires a multifaceted approach involving both government
action and individual responsibility. On a governmental level, a fundamental solution is to
invest heavily in expanding and modernizing public transportation infrastructure, thereby
reducing the dependency on private vehicles. Additionally, stricter environmental
regulations for factories and a transition towards renewable energy sources are vital to
reduce industrial emissions. Individually, citizens can contribute by embracing a more
sustainable lifestyle, such as opting for cycling or walking, reducing energy consumption,
and participating in recycling programs. For example, a widespread public awareness
campaign could educate residents on the importance of reducing their carbon footprint.
In conclusion, the escalating air pollution in many cities is primarily driven by vehicle
emissions and industrial activity. A sustainable future for these urban centers depends on
governments enforcing stringent regulations and developing greener infrastructure, while
simultaneously empowering individuals to make environmentally conscious choices.
4. Cause and effect essay
Question: In many countries today, people are leaving smaller towns and villages to
live in large cities. What are the reasons for this, and what are the effects on both
rural and urban areas?
The phenomenon of rural-to-urban migration is a notable demographic shift observed in
many nations globally. This essay will examine the key drivers behind this movement and
explore its subsequent effects on both the urban and rural landscapes.

A variety of socio-economic factors contribute to this migration. Primarily, the limited

opportunities in rural areas are a powerful incentive for people to seek a better life in
cities. Employment prospects are scarce and often restricted to agriculture, which can be
low-paying and dependent on weather conditions. In contrast, cities offer a greater
diversity of jobs, higher salaries, and more opportunities for career advancement.
Furthermore, urban centers typically boast superior educational institutions, healthcare
facilities, and a wider range of social and cultural amenities, which are major attractors
for those seeking improved living standards.
The effects of this migration are far-reaching and complex for both urban and rural
communities. In cities, the influx of people places an immense strain on infrastructure,
leading to overcrowding, traffic congestion, and increased pressure on housing, which can
drive up costs. The demand for services, such as healthcare and education, also swells,
sometimes outpacing supply. For rural areas, the consequences can be equally damaging.
The exodus of young, working-age people leads to a decline in the agricultural workforce
and a shrinking tax base. This depopulation can trigger a cycle of decline, with schools
closing and local businesses becoming unviable, further diminishing the appeal of rural
life.
In conclusion, rural depopulation and urban growth are largely driven by the economic
and social disparities between country and city. This migration places significant pressure
on urban infrastructure while contributing to the decline of rural communities, creating a
complex set of challenges that need to be addressed to ensure balanced national
development.