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TCP IP Model Guide

The TCP/IP model is essential for internet communication, consisting of four layers: Network Access, Internet, Transport, and Application. Each layer has specific functions, such as handling physical data transmission, IP addressing, end-to-end communication, and providing application services. A real-life analogy compares the model to sending a letter through postal mail, illustrating the roles of each layer.

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Parth Bhardwaj
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5 views3 pages

TCP IP Model Guide

The TCP/IP model is essential for internet communication, consisting of four layers: Network Access, Internet, Transport, and Application. Each layer has specific functions, such as handling physical data transmission, IP addressing, end-to-end communication, and providing application services. A real-life analogy compares the model to sending a letter through postal mail, illustrating the roles of each layer.

Uploaded by

Parth Bhardwaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TCP/IP Model - Illustrated Guide

Understanding the TCP/IP Model

Overview of the TCP/IP Model

The TCP/IP model is the backbone of internet communication. It has four distinct layers, each handling a

specific aspect of data communication.


TCP/IP Model - Illustrated Guide

1. Network Access Layer

Handles the physical transmission of data over network media like Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Deals with MAC

addresses and framing.

2. Internet Layer

Responsible for IP addressing and routing of data packets from source to destination using IP protocol.

3. Transport Layer

Manages end-to-end communication, using protocols like TCP (reliable) and UDP (fast but unreliable). Also

uses port numbers to keep connections separate.

4. Application Layer

Provides services and interfaces for applications to communicate over the network. Includes protocols like

HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and FTP.

Real-Life Analogy

Sending a letter through postal mail:

- Application: You write the letter.

- Transport: You choose a service (FedEx or Postcard) and add your apartment number (port).

- Internet: The postal system routes the letter to the correct city (IP address).

- Network Access: Trucks/planes physically move the letter to the destination.

Mnemonics to Remember

Bottom to Top: Never Invest Time At Apple


TCP/IP Model - Illustrated Guide

Top to Bottom: All Teachers Inspire Networks

TCP/IP Model Summary

Layer | Purpose | Examples

------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------

Application | User-facing software & protocols | HTTP, DNS, FTP, SMTP

Transport | Reliable delivery & ports | TCP, UDP

Internet | Routing, addressing | IP, ICMP

Network Access | Physical data transfer | Ethernet, Wi-Fi, MAC Address

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