I.
Hiện tại hoàn thành - quá khứ đơn
1. S+ began / started + to v / V_ing +....: bắt đầu làm gì từ khi nào
i started learning english when i was 6.
2. S+have/has +V3 + for/ since …
i have studied english for 5 years
for + khoảng - since + mốc
i have worked here since 2025
3. S+ last+ v2 +.... ago / when : lần cuối cùng làm gì khi nào
i last saw her two years ago
4. it’s + time + since + s +last+v2: kể từ lần cuối làm gì
it’s 3 years since i last met him = i haven’t met him for 3 years
5. The last time +s+v2+was+....ago: lần cuối làm gì là bao lâu trước đó
the last time i saw her was 2 years ago
6. this is the first time +s+have/has+v3
this is the first time i have eaten sushi = i have never eaten sushi before.
II. V_ING VÀ TO V
● cấu trúc đề nghị
how/ what about +v_ing ?
why don’t we + v_inf
let’s + V_inf = shall we v0
s + suggest + v_ing = why don’t you +v0 = s+ suggested +that+ s +
should/shouldn’t +v0
1. to v : hành động sẽ làm hoặc chưa làm
- want to v
- decide to v
- plan to v
- hope to v
- need to v
- promise to v
- try to v : cố gắng/ nổ lực làm # try V_ing thử làm gì đó
- i try to finish the exam # i try eating sushi
- agree to v
- learn to v
2. V_ing
love/ like/ enjoy/ hate V_ing
avoid v-ing
finish v-ing
consider v-ing
mind v-ing/ would you mind v-ing / would you like some orange juice
deny v-ing : từ chối # admit +v-ing: thừa nhận
keep v-ing
spend time v-ing ⇒ spend 2 hours learning english # waste time
+v-ing: tốn thời gian làm gì
● notes 👍
- remember v-ing : nhớ đã làm gì
- remember to v : nhớ phải làm gì = don’t forget to v = remind sb to v :
nhắc ai làm gì
i remember turning off the lights
remember to turn off when you go out.
- forget v-ing: quên đã làm gì
- forget to v : quên phải làm gì
i’ll never forget meeting her
don’t forget to do your homework
- stop v-ing: dừng việc đang làm luôn
i stopped smoking
- stop to v : dừng làm cái khác
- i stopped smoking to eat candy.
- try v-ing thử làm gì
- try to v cố gắng làm gì
- try eating sushi try to finish the project today.
- mean : có nghĩa/ ý định
- mean v-ing có nghĩa là spell this word means reading word one by one
- mean to v có ý định i meant to call you earlier.
- keep = continue = go on +v_ing : tiếp tục làm
- suggest = recommend + v-ing: đề nghị
- help = bear= stand =put up with + v-ing : chịu đựng
3. lời khuyên
modal verbs: can - could (khả năng có thể làm gì), may -might (dự đoán
có lẽ xảy ra), shall - should (nên), have to (phải - nhẹ), must (buộc),
need (cần)
s+should/ ought to/ had better +v
you had better learn hard.
you should study hard.
⇒ if i were you, …..
⇒ it’s time for sb to do sth
4. liên từ
mặc dù
although s+v
though +s+v
even though s+v
in spite of + n/v-ing
despite + n/ving
nguyên nhân
because of +n/ving
because +s+v
since +s+v
as+s+v
due to +n/ving
on account of +n/ving
s+v so s+v : vì vậy do đó
i learnt so hard so i pass the exam
s+v;/. therefore, s+v
tuy nhiên
s+v. however, s+v
s v but s v
nhớ đã có although thì hong có but
not only…. but also
đã có because không có so
● không ích gì: it’s no good / no use +ving = it’s not worth v-ing
tag questions ( câu hỏi đuôi)
i am a student, aren’t i ?
kđ, pđ
too, so, neither, either
s+ trợ động từ (tobe), too
i like english ⇒ i do, too
so + trợ động từ + s
so do i , so am i
i don't like math ⇒ i don't, either ⇒ neither do i
6. phối hợp thì
- htht since qkđ
i have lived in dakmil since i was a child
- when qkd, qkd
when i arrived, she left
- when qkd, htht/tld
when i graduated, i have become a teacher.
- when qkd - qktd
when i arrived, she was eating.
- while qktd/htth, qktd/httd
while i was sleeping, my dog was playing.
while i’m sleeping, my dog is playing.
before + qkd , qkht
she had finished her homework before i arrived
after qkht, qkd
after i had eaten, i went to bed.
● câu điều ước
● s +wish(es) + s +v2 ⇒ ước hiện tại
i wish i had a cat
● s +wish(es)+s +had +v3 ⇒ ước cho qk
= s+ regretted (not) v_ing : hối tiếc đã làm việc gì
i wish i had studied harder.
i regretted not studying harder.
● s + wish+s + would / could + v
i wish i would become a teacher.
7. so sánh
The adj-er +s+v, the +adj _er+s+v
the older i get, the more i see.
s +v + half/twice, 3,4,5 times +as + much/ many/adj/adv+n + as+n
she has three times as many books as i do
8. câu mời
would you like some +n? ⇒ yes please, no thanks
would you like to v ? ⇒ yes i’d love to/ sorry i cant
9. câu điều kiện
0: if s/ves, s+v/es
1: if +s+v(htd), s +will/can/may/shall +v ⇒ có thật ở ht, tl
should +s+v, s+ will… +v ⇒ đảo câu điều kiện
if it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home
should it rain tomorrow, we will stay at home
2: k có thật ở ht
if s v2, s + would, could, might+v
were +s+ (to v), s +would, cou… v
if i were you, i would take that job
were i you, i would take that job.
if i were to win the lottery, i might sleep all day.
were i to win the lottery, i might sleep all day.
3: k có thật trong qk
if +s+qkht, s+ would +have v3
had +s+v3, s+would +have +v3
if she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam
had she studied harder, shee ….
if not = unless
or dùng như mệnh lệnh trong điều kiện
do your homework, or you will be punished.
