January 2002

Social Studies 30
Grade 12 Diploma Examination

LB
3054
/dlbena
LEARNING

C2
D427
2002: Jan
CURRHIST
 opynght 2002, the Crown in Right of Alberta, as represent
ed by the Minister of Learning, Alberta
armnf’ ^e,^Iier Assessment Branch, 11160 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton
, Alberta T5K 0L2 All rights
reserved. Additional copies may be purchased from
the Learning Resources Centre.

nonnrofit^f
profit basis, 1parts of this examination
l° AIberta educators to reproduce, for educational purposes and on
administration of this examination. that do not contain excerpted material only after the

Excerpted material in this examination shall not be written permission of the

reproduced without the
original publisher (see credits page, where applicabl
e).
January 2002
Social Studies 30
Grade 12 Diploma Examination

Description Instructions

Part A: Multiple Choice consists of Part A: Multiple Choice

70 multiple-choice questions, worth 70%
of the total mark. • On the answer sheet provided, use only
an HB pencil to mark the correct or best
Part B: Written Response consists of a answer for each question. Fill in the
written-response section, worth 30% of circle that corresponds to your answer.
the total mark. For example:

The capital city of Canada is

Time: This examination was developed
to be completed in 2 Vi hours; however, A. Vancouver
B. Winnipeg
you may take an additional Vi hour to
complete the examination. C. Montreal
D. Ottawa

Recommendation: Read the questions Answer Sheet

in Part B before beginning the
examination. Ideas appearing in the ® ® © •
multiple-choice questions may assist you
in composing your essay.
• Mark only one answer for each question.

• If you change an answer, erase your

first answer completely.

• Answer all questions.

Part B: Written Response

• Instructions for Part B are located on

page 26.

Do not write your name anywhere in this booklet.

Feel free to make corrections and revisions directly on your written work.
 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2016

https://archive.org/details/grade12diplomae2002albe_9
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
Part A: Multiple Choice

1. In a democracy, the primary purpose of periodic elections is to ensure that

A. new candidates are chosen as a means of preventing majority tyranny

B. the legitimacy and accountability of the government is maintained
C. one leader does not monopolize control of a political party
D. minority groups are guaranteed political representation

2. During a crisis situation, should parliamentary governments have the right to

invoke emergency legislation that restricts personal freedoms?

Which of the following arguments supports an affirmative position on this issue?

A. Strong direction is required to prevent egalitarianism.

B. Preserving minority rights can sometimes prevent majority rule.
C. Undemocratic means are sometimes needed to preserve democratic ends.
D. Force is the most effective way to restrict dissenting views in a democracy.

3. Because important decisions are made in both the legislative and executive
branches of the American government, there is significant opportunity for

A. special interest groups to exert influence

B. party leaders to win primary nominations
C. citizens to participate in election campaigns
D. mainstream political parties to elect candidates

4. To consolidate their control over government, totalitarian leaders typically

A. restrict party membership to the wealthiest classes

B. demand public ownership of most industry and production
C. relegate opposition parties to the role of debating minor issues
D. prevent any judicial or legislative review of executive decisions

5. Which of the following justifications for dictatorship would be least objectionable

to most supporters of democracy?

A. People should be willing to sacrifice personal freedoms to the will of

the leader.

B. The state should be concerned with conformity of thought and the ideological
control of education.

C. The collective welfare of society should prevail over the privilege of any
individual whenever the two conflict.

D. People should accept government control as a means of stimulating more

thought and creativity than does individual freedom.

1
 Use the following sources to answer questions 6 to 8.
Source I Source II
% of
Nazi Party
% of total
Memberships
Occupation
45.9
Blue-collar workers 28.1
population
12.0
White-collar workers 25.6
Self-employed 20.7 9.0
14.9
Officials and civil servants
Teachers 1.7 9.3
0.9
Farmers 14.0
10.6
3.3
Others 17.4

— from Nazi Culture

Source III
Reichstag election results

Key: 1:— Communist BBB Catholic Centre

tlAlilj Social Democrat

1 I People’s Party National Socialists
I Democratic
Bavarian People’s Party lllllll Others

— sources I and III from The World This Century

2
6. The information in Source III supports the conclusion that

A. Europe was politically stable prior to 1928

B. National Socialist support peaked prior to 1928
C. German politics became increasingly polarized after 1928
D. German left-wing parties suffered a loss of support after 1928

7. Taken together, the sources would be most effective in researching which of the
following questions?

A. How was Germany affected by the economic boom of the 1920s?

B. Was National Socialism a broadly based, popular political movement?
C. Why was Germany able to recover so quickly from the First World War?
D. Why did the Communist Party fail to achieve power in the Weimar Republic?

8. Which of the following statements regarding the sources is accurate?

A. The data found in Source I represent a major cause of the trend shown in
Source III.
B. The information in Source II helps to explain the causes for the employment
trend between 1929 and 1931 shown in Source I.

C. The details in Source III contradict the expected voting patterns of “white-
collar” Nazi Party members as shown in Source II.
D. The election results shown in Source III and the number of unemployed
shown in Source I did not effect the distribution of party memberships shown
in Source II.

in Canada?

A. Parliament introduces reforms allowing for an elected Senate

B. A federal government apologizes for earlier mistreatment of an ethnic minority

C. A political party mandates that one-half of its candidates for election must
be women

D. The ruling party creates legislation allowing for the reinstatement of capital
punishment

A. reinforcing the perceived legitimacy of the regime in power

B. providing an opportunity for citizens to effect political change
C. meeting the legal requirements imposed by legislated constitutions
D. providing the elite with an insight into popular attitudes and beliefs

3
 Use the following cartoon to answer questions 11 and 12.

— from Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year, 1997

11. The cartoon focuses on an issue in contemporary Russia that is related to the

A. absence of voter choice in a one-party political system

B. entrenched extremism of the typical Russian voter
C. unstable and volatile nature of Russian politics
D. variety of possible market-oriented ideologies

12. Which of the following generalizations about the nature of politics does the cartoon
reinforce?

A. It cannot be assumed that an ideology will be rejected permanently.

B. It is necessary for dictatorships to rely on force and terror to stay in control.
C. Political leaders focus on promoting a positive image of themselves to the

public.
D. Democratic systems of government usually create a stable political
environment.

4
 Use the following diagram to answer questions 13 and 14.

Class society
Classless
struggle

Withering away Dictatorship

of the state of the

proletariat

13. Which ideology is associated with these developments?

A. Fascism
B. Marxism
C. Utopian socialism
D. Democratic socialism

14. A radical left-wing revolutionary would argue that the historical order in which
these developments occur is

A. I, II, III, IV
B. IV, II, I, III
C. IV, I, III, II
D. I, IV, III, II

5
 Use the following chart to answer question 15.
Votes and Seats, 1974 and 1980 Elections in Nation X
1974 1980
Party
% of Votes % of Seats % of Votes % of Seats
Party A 44.5
43.5 53.5 54.1
Party B 35.7 34.5
Party C 36.1
6.0 32.7
19.7
15.4 11.4
Party D 1.7
5.0 4.1 0
Others 0.4 0.3 1.4 0

15. Supporters of the electoral system of Nation X would argue that this system

A. prevents tyranny of the majority

B. discourages the formation of majority governments
C. promotes political stability and legislative efficiency
D. encourages the formation of broadly based coalition governments

Use the following diagram to answer question 16.

i II
Media scrutiny
Question period debate

Political accountability
in a democracy

III
Appeals to the
Supreme Court

16. Which box in the diagram identifies a characteristic that is inconsistent with the
diagram’ s central theme?
A. Box I
B. Box n
C. Box III
D. Box IV

6
 Use the following excerpt to answer question 17.

New Zealand seems to have found it. So have Germany and Sweden. It is, quite
simply, a mixed system: half the members are elected from constituencies, the
same way they are now; half are drawn from party lists, according to their share
of the popular vote.

— from The Edmonton Journal

A. federalism and a system of revolving minority governments

B. proportional representation and single member plurality
C. proportional representation and a coalition government
D. single member plurality and a congressional system

Use the following editorial excerpt to answer questions 18 and 19.

The result, 15 years after the Thatcher Revolution began, is double digit
17.The unemployment
excerpt interpretins most western countries. Growth is slow. Recessions have
the “mi xed system” as combin
resembled depressions. Why? Left to ing aspthe
its own devices, ectsmarket
of bothhas
functioned as it should. The players have maximized profits where they could.
There has been an even greater concentration of wealth in the hands of the
wealthiest. And it has not trickled down from there, as the Thatcherites and
Reaganites predicted, to create jobs and wealth for all.

— from The Edmonton Journal , 1994

18. The writer of this editorial is critical of the belief that

A. employment can be created through government-funded programs

B. recessionary trends can be offset by major monetary and fiscal reforms
C. economic recovery can be achieved naturally through free enterprise principles
D. economic restructuring can be achieved with government direction and control

19. The writer’s views would be most strongly opposed by

A. social democrats
B. liberal moderates
C. left-wing radicals
D. right-wing conservatives

7
 Use the following graph to answer questions 20 and 21.

Economic Trend Indicators: Nation X, 1990-98

ve es
Relatirat

20. The information in the graph suggests that a rising bank lending rate results in

A. reduced rates of inflation and increased levels of unemployment

B. increased rates of inflation and reduced levels of unemployment
C. increases in both the level of employment and the rate of inflation
D. reductions in both the level of employment and the rate of inflation

21. Based on the trends revealed by the graph, skilled workers would have most likely
received the largest salary increases during which of the following periods?

A. 1990-91
B. 1993-94
C. 1995-96
D. 1996-97

because they believe that competit

ion
A. leads to inefficient use of goods and services
B. encourages a more equal distribution of wealth
C. thwarts the operation of supply and demand in an economy
D. distributes more wealth to the consumer than to the producer

8
 that the

23. A. majority
Supporters of atype
of the nation’s resourceseconomy
of command should be
thatstate-owned and publicly
existed in Nazi Germany controlled
believe
B. majority of a nation’s citizens should be involved in entrepreneurial enterprises
C. private enterprise system provides efficient production but requires overall
objectives set by the state
D. private enterprise system can solve most economic problems if the
government refrains from interfering in the economy

Use the following excerpt to answer questions 24 and 25.

Along with the constant decrease in the number of capitalist magnates, who usurp
and monopolize all the advantages of this process of transformation, the mass of
misery, oppression, slavery, degradation and exploitation grows; but with this
there also grows the revolt of the working class, a class constantly increasing in
numbers, and trained, united and organized by the very mechanism of the
capitalist process of production.

— from Economics Explained

A. John Maynard Keynes

B. John Stuart Mill
C. Adam Smith
D. Karl Marx

the phrase

A. “the constant decrease in the number of capitalist magnates”

B. “the mass of misery”
C. “the revolt of the working class”
D. “the capitalist process of production”

2
4
The .
ideas expres 9
sed in the ex
cerpt are mo
st closely as
sociated with
those of
26. Social democrats have traditionally opposed government policies that

A. emphasize the common good over individual profit

B. regulate business practices to protect consumers
C. provide social programs for low-income groups
D. reduce income taxes for high-income earners

27. Economist John Maynard Keynes would have been critical of governments that
rigidly apply supply-side economic policies because he believed that such policies
attempt to stimulate economic growth exclusively by

A. providing financial incentives to the business sector

B. providing financial incentives to low-income earners
C. controlling inflation through wage and price controls
D. controlling inflation through the adjustment of lending rates

28. His reforms ushered in increased production of consumer goods, diversified and
privatized agricultural programs, and decentralized economic planning and
government services.

The Soviet leader with whom these developments are most strongly associated is

A. Josef Stalin
B. Vladimir Lenin
C. Nikita Khrushchev
D. Mikhail Gorbachev

believe that unions

A. restrict consumer confidence and spending

B. fail to act in the long-term interests of their members
C. encourage governments to spend lavishly on public works
D. distort the labour market and increase the cost of production

10
 Use the following excerpt to answer questions 30 to 32.

. . . business likes tax cuts. It is another way of reducing the role of government. Like
the deficit scare, tax cuts constrain government spending on public services. This
opens the door to private sector profit-making activity in education, health and child
care. Of course, public spending in these sectors holds out the promise of creating a
more equal society. Private spending increases access for the wealthy to more
privileged services that only they can afford, while reducing access for everybody else.

— from The Canadian Forum

A. combat the growth of the public debt

B. create economic opportunities in the private sector
C. implement fiscal policies during periods of recession
D. encourage equal economic opportunity for most citizens

added to the excerpt?

A. The revenues thus saved could be used to pay down the massive
national debt.

B. Once again, the common good would be sacrificed to the practices of a

30. market ideology.
The writer suggests that businesses
advocate tax cuts primar
C. The tax burden of the welfare state has for too ily as
long been a means deterrent
a crushing to
to the well-being of citizens.
D. Individuals, for example, would no longer be frustrated by an overly
inefficient health-care system.

the position taken by the writer?

A. Liberal Party
B. Canadian Alliance
C. New Democratic Party
D. Progressive Conservative Party
31
Gi
. ven the point of
view of the writer
, which of the fo
llowing statements
could be
marketpl differ from the economic policies recomme by most
ace nd ed
A. left-wing economists
B. capitalist economists
C. laissez-faire economists
D. neoconservative economists

11
 Use the following cartoon to answer questions 34 and 35.

— from The Political Spectrum

34. As depicted in the cartoon, “Liberalism” most likely represents the cost of
A. deregulating business practices
B. privatizing government agencies
C. providing tax incentives for the wealthy elite
D. financing welfare programs for low-income earners

35. Which of the following individuals would agree with the central message of the
cartoon?

A. A left-wing voter
B. A fiscal conservative
C. A democratic socialist
D. A Keynesian economist

12
36. The American Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because a majority
of senators believed that specific terms of the treaty

A. were excessively lenient toward the defeated powers

B. jeopardized the United States’ independence as a sovereign state
C. largely disregarded recommendations in Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
D. failed to place blame on those nations regarded as responsible for causing
the war

Use the following map to answer question 37.

A. Nazi Imperial Expansion

B. Self-Determination in Practice
C. The Balance of Power in Africa and Asia
D. League Mandates of Former German Colonies

13
38. Which of the following actions was regarded by Hitler as an initial test of France’s
resolve to enforce the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A. The Anschluss of Austria

B. The annexation of the Sudetenland
C. The remilitarization of the Rhineland
D. The blitzkrieg launched against Poland

39. From the perspective of a German nationalist who supported the Nazis, the results
of the Munich Agreement simply represented the fulfillment of the Wilsonian
principle of

A. collective security
B. self-determination
C. appeasement
D. disarmament

Use the following excerpt to answer question 40.

Looking back to the 1930s for guidance, would the League of Nations have used
force against Hitler’s Germany if the league had understood where the Nazi
campaign against the Jews was heading? The answer is no. Should it have done
so? The answer is yes, on moral and practical grounds, moral because the killing
of Jews was a crime against a people and against humanity; practical because
millions of lives could have been saved, Jewish and others, and the Second World
War might have been shortened, restricted, or even avoided by forcible action
against the Nazis. But the internment and killing of German Jews was regarded
as “an internal matter” by the League.

— from The Edmonton Journal

whether to

A. respect national sovereignty or protect a persecuted minority

B. mediate boundary disputes or impose binding territorial changes
C. prevent the formation of military alliances or maintain diplomatic neutrality
D. place sanctions on dictatorial states or encourage national self-determination

Manchur C c t c o t L
ian risis hallenged he redibility f he eague’s
A. adherence to collective security principles
B. application of the principle of open diplomacy
C. commitment to alliances among its weaker members
D. reliance upon summit conferences involving the Great Powers

14
 Use the following sources to answer questions 42 to 44.

Source I

In principle and doctrine, Hitler was no more wicked and unscrupulous than many other
contemporary statesmen. The state of German rearmament in 1939 gives the decisive
proof that Hitler was not contemplating general war, and probably not contemplating
war at all. The war of 1939, far from being premeditated, was a mistake, the result on
both sides of diplomatic blunders.

Source II

Let us consider briefly the programme which Hitler laid down for himself. It was a
programme of Eastern colonisation, entailing a war of conquest against Russia. ... In
order to carry it out, Hitler needed a restored German army which, since it must be
powerful enough to conquer Russia, must also be powerful enough to conquer the West
if that should be necessary. And that might be necessary even before the attack on
Russia ... it was always possible that a war with the West would be necessary before
he could march against Russia. And in fact that is what happened.

— both sources from The World This Century

42. Hitler’s “programme of Eastern colonisation” (Source II) was founded on the
concept of

A. kristallnacht
B. lebensraum
C. blitzkrieg
D. Anschluss

43. According to the writer of Source I, Hitler’s diplomatic success prior to 1939 was
primarily based on his ability to

A. use collective security as a means to end a crisis

B. conscript millions of German soldiers
C. bluff vulnerable opponents
D. form aggressive alliances

44. Despite their different perspectives, the writer of Source I and the writer of Source II
would agree that historians must carefully research

A. issues of morality
B. the art of diplomacy
C. questions of motivation
D. the consequences of treaties

15
 Use the following quotation to answer question 45.

... the German dictator, instead of snatching the victuals from the table, has
been content to have them served to him course by course. ... a disaster of the
first magnitude . . . has befallen Britain and France.
— Sir Winston Churchill

A. Locarno Pacts
B. Munich Agreement
C. Treaty of Versailles
D. Kellogg-Briand Pact

Use the following time-line to answer question 46.

45. This
comment was made by Chu
rchill in direct reference
to the terms of the

A. The signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact

B. The remilitarization of the Rhineland
C. The signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact
D. The formation of the Little Entente

Use the following events from the Second World War to answer question 47.

V. Operation Barbarossa
W. Fall of Poland
X. Allied victory in North Africa
Y. Fall of France
Z. Attack on Pearl Harbor

A. events V, W, Z, Y, X
B. events W, Z, V, X, Y
6 C. events V, Y, W, Z, X
.
Which of D. events W, Y, V, Z, X
the following
interwar
events completes
16 the time-line?
 Use the following map to answer question 48.

48. An appropriate title for this map is

A. England Falls to the Axis Powers

B. Maginot Line Stalls German Attack
C. Allied Disaster Culminates at Dunkirk
D. Siegfried Line Collapses under Allied Offensive

17
 Use the following cartoon to answer questions 49 and 50.

WHO’S NEXT TO BE LIBERATED FROM FREEDOM?

— from An Illustrated History of Modern Europe

49. The above cartoon was drawn in the historical context of the

A. Soviet response to the Hungarian Revolution

B. threat of fascist expansion in Europe during the late 1930s
C. Soviet participation in the Marshall Plan during the late 1940s
D. threat of worldwide communist expansion during the Cold War

50. The American government’s reaction to the situation depicted in the cartoon was to
follow a foreign policy of

A. containment of real and perceived enemies

B. isolation from developments in Europe
C. withdrawal from regional alliances
D. aggressive military expansion

18
51. During the Cold War, the condition necessary for the success of superpower
deterrence was the

A. advanced conventional weapons capability of both superpowers

B. export of conventional weapons from the superpowers to their allies
C. retaliatory capability of either superpower following a nuclear first strike
D. nuclear capability of one superpower that would make opposing
weapons useless

52. In 1944, Churchill and Stalin agreed to a postwar division of Eastern Europe.
Included in the agreement was the provision that the Soviet Union and Britain have
an equal say over the postwar fate of Yugoslavia and Hungary.

This agreement is an illustration of the concept of

A. enforcing mutual deterrence

B. establishing spheres of influence
C. eliminating economic imperialism
D. encouraging national self-determination

53. A significant consequence of the discussions among the Allied leaders at the Yalta
and Potsdam conferences was that

A. the fate of fascist Italy was settled

B. relations improved among the major Allied powers
C. American domination of global politics was guaranteed
D. tensions escalated between the Soviets and the Western Allies

54. Nikita Khrushchev’s call for peaceful coexistence with the West and his denunciation
of Stalin were major factors that contributed to

A. the emergence of anti-Soviet activism in Hungary and Poland

B. encouraging American determination to resist communism
C. establishing the formation of the Warsaw Pact
D. the escalation of the superpower arms race

55. The establishment of the Washington-Moscow “hotline” and the signing of the Partial
Test-Ban Treaty marked the significant shift in superpower relations that occurred
shortly after the

A. conclusion of the Suez Crisis

B. ending of the Berlin Blockade
C. negotiation of the Korean ceasefire
D. resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis

19
 Use the following sources to answer questions 56 and 57.

Source I Source II
What was at stake in Berlin was not
a contest over legal rights, although
our position was entirely sound in
international law, but a struggle over
Germany and, in a larger sense, over
Europe. . . . the Kremlin tried to
mislead the people of Europe into
believing that our interest and
support would not extend beyond
economic matters and that we would
back away from any military risks.
The abandonment of Berlin would
have a disastrous effect upon our
plans for Western Germany. It
would also slow down European
recovery, the success of which
depended upon more production. . . .
We should be prepared to go to any
— from A Cartoon History of United States
lengths to find a peaceful solution to Foreign Policy
the situation, but we had to remain in
Berlin. The main question was:
How could we remain in Berlin
without risking all-out war?

— American President,
Harry S. Truman
— from Basic Documents in United
States Foreign Policy

56. Source I indicates that in dealing with the Soviet Union, the United States favoured a
foreign policy of

A. appeasement rather than detente

B. diplomacy rather than confrontation
C. isolationism rather than containment
D. collective security rather than brinkmanship

57. The cartoon in Source II suggests that the Allied response to the Berlin Blockade was
successful in

A. weakening Soviet morale in the city

B. allowing Soviet citizens to flee the city
C. driving the Soviet military from the city
D. breaching the Soviet barrier that closed the city

20
58. Demands for national self-determination threatened superpower control over their
respective spheres of influence.

Within the context of the Cold War, this statement is best illustrated by the

A. signing of the Korean armistice in 1953

B. Hungarian Revolution in 1956
C. construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961
D. Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962

59. The United Nations Security Council is organized so that the

A. Secretary General has veto power over Security Council decisions

B. individual permanent members have ultimate decision-making authority
C. General Assembly controls which issues will be considered during a crisis
D. individual non-permanent members are selected exclusively from the
developing world

60. Which of the following goals is not associated with the function of the World Trade
Organization?

A. Encouraging protectionist trade blocs

B. Establishing rules governing trade among nations
C. Providing a forum for discussions to reduce trade barriers
D. Resolving trade disputes by international arbitration and adjudication

Use the following diagram to answer question 61.

A. preservation of spheres of influence

B. defence of the principle of collective security
C. deployment of forces to stop guerrilla warfare
D. protection of the right to national self-determination

21
 Use the following sources to answer questions 62 to 64.

Source I

Armed conflicts will continue to plague the world if some people interpret
the right to self-determination to mean the right to create a racially
homogeneous nation. It will be a perilous future if “democracy” is
interpreted to mean the freedom of an ethnic majority to impose its will on
ethnic minorities.

Source II

Ifflfi THE cm, W THE M ARMENIANS WWimiM CATALANS

EY THE U6TIUM$„,m tttUK Bf M SBPSJI PWlAN-miHG MStm PC
— from Portfoolio 9

62. The comments in Source I can be verified most convincingly by reference to the

A. increase in the number of United Nations’ peacekeeping operations

B. breakthrough in the peace process between Palestinians and Israelis
C. shift in superpower relations that resulted from the end of the Cold War
D. numerous violent and ongoing civil conflicts in many parts of the world

22
63. The cartoon in Source II is ironic in that it illustrates the problem associated with
ethnic conflict by

A. juxtaposing the goal of fellowship with the inability to coexist peacefully

B. emphasizing sports events as a way to bring people together in fellowship
C. presenting the Olympics as an event where people are often uncooperative
D. portraying the coordinator of the event as overreacting to potential conflicts

64. Both sources focus primarily on the problems

A. associated with brokering lasting peace settlements

B. of accommodating tensions created by demands for autonomy
C. of minority groups using force to overthrow authoritarian governments
D. related to coordinating international events with many diverse participants

Use the following diagram to answer question 65.

the diagram?

A. Armed conflict continues to extract a heavy toll on civilians.

B. The United States has hosted talks between the political leaderships.
C. Long-standing animosity continues to impede the resolution of conflict.
D. The United Nations has deployed peacekeeping forces to protect a
fragile peace.

23
 Use the following excerpt to answer questions 66 and 67.

In a world where the vast majority of conflicts now rage within, rather than between
nations, increased UN activism may at times be the only viable alternative to the
world standing in mute witness to mass slaughter. But that activism cannot be
defined solely in military terms, and success in the long term will depend on a
currently out-of-reach independence of action on the part of the UN. If its role in the
world is to defend democracy, the UN’s own democracy must be reclaimed.
Otherwise, with the reality of a US dominated United Nations tom by North-South
divisions, UN intervention, under the guise of peacekeeping, peacemaking or peace-
enforcing, will be indistinguishable from the US interventions it is so often used
to legitimate.

— from Twentieth Century Viewpoints

than between nations” is best illustrated by its deployment of forces to

A. Egypt in 1956
B. Kashmir in 1965
C. Kuwait in 1991
D. Bosnia in 1992

A. become a pawn of American foreign policy

B. not acted quickly enough to stop mass slaughter
C. tried to impose settlements upon nations unwilling to accept American
interference

D.been prevented from taking action by the veto power of permanent members
66 of the Security Council
.
The United Nations’
involvement in med
iating conflicts tha
t “rage within, rat
her

A. reduce trade barriers between Member States

B. integrate the foreign policies of Member States
C. create a multinational military force to protect Member States
D. prevent dictatorial regimes from gaining power in Member States

6 24
7In thi.
s excerpt, the ma
jor criticism of
the United Nati
ons is that the
organ
 For questions 69 and 70, consider the following issue
and the four positions.

Issue: Should the United States have intervened militarily to stop the civil
war and violence in the Balkans?

Position I Yes, as a global superpower, the United States has a moral obligation to
maintain world peace and security wherever trouble occurs. It was the
only country capable of forcing the opposing Balkan factions to resolve
their conflicts.

Position II No, the United States had no national interests in the area; therefore, it
was not worth sacrificing American lives. Neither the United Nations
nor the United States should expand its mandate and responsibility for
resolving conflicts like this.

Position III Yes, civil and factional war in the Balkans posed a serious regional
threat that would have escalated into an international conflict unless a
decisive response was taken to stop it. The United States had the power
to act effectively.

Position IV No, only a negotiated peace brokered by the European Union would
have resulted in a lasting settlement. An externally imposed solution
would never have been accepted by any of the combatants locked in
ethnic struggle.
—►

69. Which position is correctly matched with an approach to global politics?

A. Position I ►
B. Position II ► Appeasement
Internationalism
C. Position III ► Interventionism
D. Position IV Brinkmanship

70. Which position on this issue best parallels the American government’s official
policy toward international involvements during the 1930s?

A. Position I
B. Position II
C. Position III
D. Position IV

You have now completed Part A.

Proceed directly to Part B.

25
Part B: Written Response

Description Instructions

Part B: Written Response consists of an • You are to take and defend a position
essay assignment, worth 30% of the total on either Topic A or Topic B for your
examination mark. essay. If you write on both topics, only
the first will be marked.

Evaluation: Your essay will be • Be sure to indicate your choice of topic

evaluated for in the space provided on the back cover.

• Exploration of the Issue • Space is provided in this booklet for

• Defence of Position planning and for your written work.

• Quality of Examples • Use blue or black ink for your written

work.
• Quality of Language and Expression

Additional Instructions for

Students Using Word Processors

• Format your work using an easy-to-read

12-point or larger font such as Times.

• Double- space your final copy.

• Staple your final printed work to

page 29. Hand in all work.

• Indicate in the space provided on the

back cover that you have attached
word-processed pages.

Reminders for Writing

• Plan your essay.
• Focus on the issue under discussion.

• Establish a clear position or thesis that will direct and unify your essay,
• Organize your essay in a manner that will best defend
your position,
• Defend your position by using supportive and specific evidence drawn from
your knowledge of social studies.

• Edit and proofread your writing.

26
 Written Response — Essay Assignment

Choose one of the following issues for your essay. Be sure to indicate your choice in the
space provided on the back cover.

Topic A

Some people believe that society is best served when consumer demand alone
influences production decisions. Others believe that governments, acting in the
public interest, must control production decisions.

To what extent should production decisions be influenced by consumer

perforation.

demand?

In your essay, take and defend a position on this issue.

along

Or
tear
Fold and

Topic B

Some people believe that, when dealing with nations determined to extend their
boundaries, diplomacy and negotiation are preferable to war. Others believe that
a nation’s efforts to expand its territory must be met with force, or the threat of
force, when necessary.

To what extent should nations respond with diplomacy to the expansionist

policies of other states?

In your essay, take and defend a position on this issue.

27
 Planning

Be sure to indicate on the back cover

• your choice of topic
• whether you have attached
word-processed pages

28
If you are using a word processor , staple your written work here .
You may make corrections directly on your printed page(s).

Written Work

29
Written Work

31
Written Work
Written Work

35
Written Work

37
Written Work

39
Written Work

41
Written Work

43
Written Work

45
Written Work

47
Written Work

49
 Credits

Sources 6-8 II: George L. Mosse. Table from Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural
and Social Life in Third Reich (Grosset & Dunlap, 1966). Adapted and
reprinted with permission from the estate of George L. Mosse.
I and III: Graphs by George L. Mosse. From “Nazi Culture” as found in
The World This Century: Working with Evidence by Neil DeMarco
(Unwin Hyman Ltd., 1987). Adapted and reprinted with permission
from the estate of George L. Mosse.

Source 11-12 Cartoon by Brian Gable. From The Globe and Mail as found in Best
Editorial Cartoons of the Year, 1997 Edition (Pelican Publishing
Company, Inc.). Reprinted with permission from The Globe and Mail.

Source 17
Article by Andrew Coyne. From “Time for proportional representation
in elections; Current system makes Canada a global oddity” as found in
The Edmonton Journal , A 19, October 17, 1996. Reprinted under the
Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy (Canadian Copyright
Licensing Agency).

Source 18-19 Article by Satya Das. From “Keynesian theory still the best road map
for economic recovery” as found in The Edmonton Journal, A8, March
21, 1994. Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with
cancopy (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 24-25 Quotation by Karl Marx. From Economics Explained by Robert L.

Heilbroner and Lester C. Thurow (Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1987).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 30-32 Article by Duncan Cameron. From “Tax Cuts” as found in The
Canadian Forum vol. 75, no. 853, October 1996, page 3. Reprinted
under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy (Canadian
Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 34-35 Cartoon by Don Hess. From St. Louis Globe-Democrat as found in The
Politican Spectrum: Opposing Viewpoints (Greenhave Press, Inc., 1986).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 40
Article by Christopher Young. From “UN troops need authority to
fight; Peacekeepers in Bosnia” as found in The Edmonton Journal,
A9, April 13, 1992. Adapted and reprinted with permission from
Southam News.
Sources 42^44 I: Quotation by A.J.P. Taylor. From The World This Century: Working
with Evidence by Neil DeMarco (Unwin Hyman Limited, 1987).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with CANCOPY
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).
II: Quotation by Hugh Trevor-Roper. From The World This Century:
Working with Evidence by Neil DeMarco (Unwin Hyman Limited, 1987).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 45 Quotation by Winston Churchill. From Blood , Toil, Tears and Sweat:
The Speeches of Winston Churchill edited by David Cannadine
(Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1989). Public domain.

Source 48 Maps from Twentieth Century Viewpoints: An Interpretive History by

Victor Zelinski et al. (Oxford University Press Canada, 1996).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 49-50 Cartoon by David Low. From An Illustrated History of Modern Europe
1789-1974 by Denis Richards (Longman Group Limited, 1977). Public
domain.

Sources 56-57
I: Harry S. Truman. From “Memoirs IF as found in Basic Documents
in United States Foreign Policy (D. Van Nostrand Company Ltd, 1968).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).
II: Cartoon by Daniel Bishop. From the St. Louis Star-Times as found
in A Cartoon History of United States Foreign Policy Since World War I
(Random House, Inc., 1967). Reprinted under the Alberta Government
Print Licence with cancopy (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 62-64 II. Cartoon by Brian Gable. From Portfoolio 9 (Macmillan Canada, 1993).
Reprinted under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy
(Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

Source 66-67
Phyllis Bennis and Michel Moushabeck. From “Altered States: A Reader
in the New World Order” as found in Twentieth Century Viewpoints by
Victor Zelinski et al. (Oxford University Press Canada, 1996). Reprinted
under the Alberta Government Print Licence with cancopy (Canadian
Copyright Licensing Agency).