考研英语基础班
课前几点小叮嘱
授课时间：19：00-21：00
课间休息：无
答疑时间：①课间休5分钟 ②课程结束时
课程资料：附件区 ①课件 ②2002年真题参考翻译
特别提醒：课前准备纸质真题+笔，直接在真题在记笔记，课后整理真题词汇
考研英语-基础阅读刷题班
主讲老师： 刘琦
新浪微博&微信公众号：刘琦老师
考研阅读如何复习
基础阶段（1-6月）
总体目标：2002-2009年真题
复习重点：词汇、语法、长难句、泛读
强化阶段（7-11月）
总体目标：2010-2019年真题
复习重点：题型、解题技巧
冲刺阶段（12月）
总体目标：2010-2019年真题二轮/2020-2021年真题模拟
复习重点：模考、错题分析（英语一、二互用对方真题模考）
考研阅读如何复习
基础阶段（1-6月）
总体目标：2002-2009年真题
复习重点：词汇、语法、长难句、泛读
强化阶段（7-11月）
总体目标：2010-2019年真题
复习重点：题型、解题技巧
冲刺阶段（12月）
总体目标：2010-2019年真题二轮/2020-2021年真题模拟
复习重点：模考、错题分析（英语一、二互用对方真题模考）
Step1
Step2
Step3
考研大纲对于阅读能力的要求
(1) 理解主旨要义（主旨题）
(2) 理解文章的具体信息（细节题）
(3) 理解文中概念性的含义
(4) 进行有关的判断推理和引申（判断推理题）
(5) 根据上下文推测生词词义（词汇指代题）
(6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文的关系
(7) 理解作者的意图，观点和态度（态度题）
(8) 区分论点和论据（例证题）
考研英语阅读的做题步骤
第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词
1.关键词：专有名词、数词、题干主语、或动宾结构
2.所有题干一次性看完，不必看选项
3.初步预测文章内容
第二步：阅读文章，精读关键词所在区域
1. 有关键词时读关键词所在段
2. 无关键词时读依据顺序原则确定阅读区域
3. 读一段做一题
第三步：解题 排除法：对比选项，选最佳答案
【2002-text 1】
41.To make your humor work, you should ________.
42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
45.The best title for the text may be ________.
【2002-text 1】
41.To make your humor work, you should ________.
42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
45.The best title for the text may be ________.
主旨题：main idea/best title/writing purpose
串线法：通读各段主题句，找主题词（各段主题句重复词）
主题句：多为各段首句，若第二句有转折词（but/yet），则主题句后移，为第二句。
【2002-text 1】
45.The best title for the text may be ________.
A） Use Humor Effectively
B） Various Kinds of Humor
C） Add Humor to Speech
D） Different Humor Strategies
主旨题：main idea/best title/writing purpose
串线法：通读各段主题句，找主题词（各段主题句重复词）
主题句：多为各段首句，若第二句有转折词（but/yet），则主题句后移，为第二句。
【2002-text 1】
主旨题：main idea/best title/writing purpose
串线法：通读各段主题句，找主题词（各段主题句重复词）
主题句：多为各段首句，若第二句有转折词（but/yet），则主题句后移，为第二句。
若多个选项同时出现主题词（或其同义改写词）
则考虑①逻辑方向
②共性目标
【2002-text 1】
41.To make your humor work, you should ________.
ⅠIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to
identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience
and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their
situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are
addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you
may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are
addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
【2002-text 1】
41.To make your humor work, you should ________.
A） take advantage of different kinds of audience
B） make fun of the disorganized people
C） address different problems to different people
D） show sympathy for your listeners
【2002-text 1】
41.To make your humor work, you should ________.
A） take advantage of different kinds of audience 偷换概念
B） make fun of the disorganized people 偷换概念
C） address different problems to different people
D） show sympathy for your listeners 偷换概念
原文：Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
【2002-text 1】
42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
ⅡHere is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well
because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is
being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens,
sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a
line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who
rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who
is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes
he thinks he’s a doctor.”
【2002-text 1】
42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
A） impolite to new arrivals
B） very conscious of their godlike role
C） entitled to some privileges
D） very busy even during lunch hours
【2002-text 1】
42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
A） impolite to new arrivals 扩大范围
B） very conscious of their godlike role
C） entitled to some privileges 无中生有
D） very busy even during lunch hours 无中生有
【2002-text 1】
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
Ⅲ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know
the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for
you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious
bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they
will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.
You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone
system.
【2002-text 1】
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
A） have benefited many people
B） are the focus of public attention
C） are an inappropriate subject for humor
D） have often been the laughing stock
【2002-text 1】
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
A） have benefited many people
B） are the focus of public attention
C） are an inappropriate subject for humor
D） have often been the laughing stock
黄金法则：选项中出现一对意思相同选项，同时不选；
选项中出现一对意思相反选项，必选其一。（观点态度题除外）
【2002-text 1】
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
A） have benefited many people
B） are the focus of public attention
C） are an inappropriate subject for humor
D） have often been the laughing stock
黄金法则：选项中出现一对意思相同选项，同时不选；
选项中出现一对意思相反选项，必选其一。（观点态度题除外）
【2002-text 1】
43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
A） have benefited many people 无中生有
B） are the focus of public attention 无中生有
C） are an inappropriate subject for humor 正反混淆
D） have often been the laughing stock
黄金法则：选项中出现一对意思相同选项，同时不选；
选项中出现一对意思相反选项，必选其一。（观点态度题除外）
【2002-text 1】
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
ⅣIf you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural.
Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed
and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak
slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that
you are making a light-hearted remark.
【2002-text 1】
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
A） in well-worded language
B） as awkwardly as possible
C） in exaggerated statement
D） as casually as possible
【2002-text 1】
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
A） in well-worded language
B） as awkwardly as possible
C） in exaggerated statement
D） as casually as possible
【2002-text 1】
44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
A） in well-worded language 精确措辞的 无中生有
B） as awkwardly as possible 正反混淆
C） in exaggerated statement 所答非所闻zhen
D） as casually as possible
【2002-text 1】
45.The best title for the text may be ________.
V Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If
at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for
exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or
sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
【2002-text 1】
45.The best title for the text may be ________.
A） Use Humor Effectively
B） Various Kinds of Humor
C） Add Humor to Speech
D） Different Humor Strategies
【2002-text 1】
45.The best title for the text may be ________.
A） Use Humor Effectively
B） Various Kinds of Humor 局部信息
C） Add Humor to Speech 偷换概念
D） Different Humor Strategies 局部信息
【2002-text 2】
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.
47. The word “gizmos” （Line 1, Paragraph 2） most probably means ________.
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that
can ________.
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.
【2002-text 2】
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.
47. The word “gizmos” （Line 1, Paragraph 2） most probably means ________.
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that
can ________.
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.
【2002-text 2】
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.
ⅠSince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to
cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That
compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human
capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of
science fiction, they have begun to come close.
【2002-text 2】
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.
A） the use of machines to produce science fiction
B） the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry
C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
D） the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
【2002-text 2】
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________. 首句原则细节题
A） the use of machines to produce science fiction 偷换概念
B） the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry 无中生有
C） the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
D） the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 无中生有
原文：Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning
tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
【2002-text 2】
47. The word “gizmos” （Line 1, Paragraph 2） most probably means ________.
ⅡAs a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose
presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.
Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at
automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.
Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual
miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that
can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far
greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
【2002-text 2】
47. The word “gizmos” （Line 1, Paragraph 2） most probably means ________.
A） programs
B） experts
C） devices
D） creatures
语意题：“...”（Line *, Paragraph *）
解题方法：利用文中的行文逻辑猜测词义
【2002-text 2】
47. The word “gizmos” （Line 1, Paragraph 2） most probably means ________.
A） programs
B） experts
C） devices
D） creatures
总-分逻辑
原文：Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at
automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.
Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers
【2002-text 2】
47. The word “gizmos” （Line 1, Paragraph 2） most probably means ________.
A） programs
B） experts
C） devices
D） creatures
总-分逻辑
原文：Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at
automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.
Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers
【2002-text 2】
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that
can ________.
ⅢBut if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to
operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for
themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to
handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA,
“we can't yet give a robot enough‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a
dynamic world.”
【2002-text 2】
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that
can ________.
A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
B） interact with human beings verbally
C） have a little common sense
D） respond independently to a changing world
【2002-text 2】
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that
can ________.
A） fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery 正反混淆
B） interact with human beings verbally 无中生有
C） have a little common sense正反混淆
D） respond independently to a changing world
原文：we can't yet give a robot enough‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a
dynamic world.
【2002-text 2】
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
ⅣIndeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that
transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human
brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by
decades if not centuries.
【2002-text 2】
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
V What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one
hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more
complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error
of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the
human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98
percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding
forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer
systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know
quite how we do it.
【2002-text 2】
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
A） make a few decisions for themselves
B） deal with some errors with human intervention
C） improve factory environments
D） cultivate human creativity
【2002-text 2】
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
A） make a few decisions for themselves 正反混淆
B） deal with some errors with human intervention
C） improve factory environments 无中生有
D） cultivate human creativity 正反混淆
原文：They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction
of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.
【2002-text 2】
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.
V What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one
hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more
complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error
of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the
human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98
percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding
forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer
systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know
quite how we do it.
【2002-text 2】
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.
A） expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B） able to perceive abnormalities immediately
C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
D） best used in a controlled environment
【2002-text 2】
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.
A） expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B） able to perceive abnormalities immediately
C） far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
D） best used in a controlled environment
原文：What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly
one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more
complicated—than previously imagined.
基础阅读第五讲作业
2002 text 3/text 4
此外
记忆本次课所有标记重点词汇（绿色字体）
熟知每道题的解题思路
清楚每个选项的错误原因
明确主旨大意题较难的解题方法
理解小例证题证明的观点 新浪微博&微信公众号：刘琦老师
