Laboratory Instruments

(Manual)

M. Hasaan Mazhar

Muzdalfa Tariq

Masooma Fatima

Syed M. Ali Shah

Abeeha Farheen

Fatima Rizwan

Zain-ul-Abiden

Abdul Mannan
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Instrument No.1

Electronic Weight Machine.

(Ezone Steelyard SDM scale)
Purpose

The Ezone Steelyard SDM Scale is used to provide precise measurements of materials in various
scientific experiments and industrial processes. Accurate weighing is essential for ensuring the
integrity of scientific data and achieving the desired quality in measurement methods. This specific
model offers high accuracy and durability, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

Scope

is document is intended for laboratory staff who perform weighing-related activities involving
substances across diverse fields, such as chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and related sciences.
The procedures outlined here ensure that the Ezone Steelyard SDM Scale is used correctly and
consistently to achieve reliable results.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the scale is placed on a flat, stable surface to minimize the effects of
vibrations and uneven surfaces, which can impact accuracy.

o Calibrate the scale before each use to ensure precision.

2. Taring:

o If using a container for the substance, place the empty container on the scale first.

o Use the tare function to zero the scale, accounting for the weight of the container.
 3. Weighing:

o Slowly add the material to the container or directly onto the scale.

o Observe the weight indicator until it stabilizes to get an accurate reading.

4. Post-Weighing:

o Remove the material and container from the scale.

o Clean the scale and the surrounding area to maintain a tidy workspace.
o Turn off the scale after use to conserve energy and prolong the life of the equipment.

Quality Management

To maintain the accuracy and reliability of the Ezone Steelyard SDM Scale:

• Regularly check the scale for any physical damage, wear, or residue that could affect its
performance.

• Ensure the scale is calibrated frequently, following the manufacturer's recommendations

and using certified calibration weights.

• Record and monitor the performance of the scale, noting any irregularities or deviations
from expected measurements.

Precautions

1. Avoid exceeding the maximum weight capacity to prevent damage to the sensor.

2. Keep magnetic or metallic objects away from the scale, as they may interfere with its
functionality.

3. Ensure the scale is free from drafts, vibrations, or other environmental factors that could
impact measurement accuracy.

4. Handle the scale with care to avoid physical damage, which can affect its precision.

Calibration

Calibration should be performed regularly, ideally every month, or more frequently if the scale is
used extensively. Use certified calibration weights to:
 1. Place a known weight on the scale.

2. Adjust the scale as necessary to ensure it reads the correct weight.

3. Document the calibration process and results for future reference.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure the Ezone Steelyard SDM Scale provides accurate
and reliable measurements, supporting the integrity of your scientific data and processes.
Instrument NO.2

Autoclave (RTA60)
Purpose

The RTA60 autoclave is designed for sterilizing equipment and materials through high-pressure
steam and heat, effectively eliminating microorganisms and contaminants. This model provides a
reliable and efficient method for ensuring the sterility of instruments, labware, and other items
critical to laboratory, medical, and industrial applications.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory, healthcare, and industrial personnel who use the RTA60
autoclave for sterilization purposes. It covers procedures for safe operation, maintenance, and
quality assurance to ensure the effective and efficient use of the autoclave.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the autoclave is placed on a stable, flat surface to prevent any vibration or
movement during operation.

o Verify that the autoclave chamber is clean and free of any debris or residues that
could affect its performance.

o Check that the pressure, temperature, and timer settings are suitable for the
materials to be sterilized.

2. Loading Items:

o Place items to be sterilized in autoclave-safe containers or pouches, ensuring proper

packaging to allow steam penetration.

o Arrange the items in the autoclave chamber, ensuring there is adequate space for
steam circulation. Avoid overloading the chamber.

3. Operating the Autoclave:

 o Close and securely latch the autoclave door, ensuring it is sealed properly.

o Set the desired sterilization temperature, pressure, and duration on the autoclave’s
control panel according to the material being sterilized.

o Start the autoclave cycle, allowing it to reach the set parameters before commencing
sterilization.

o Monitor the sterilization process to ensure it adheres to the specified conditions.

4. Post-Sterilization:

o Wait for the autoclave to depressurize and cool down before opening the door to
avoid burns or injuries.

o Carefully remove sterilized items using heat-resistant gloves or tools.

o Clean the autoclave chamber and surrounding area after each use to maintain
cleanliness and prevent contamination.

o Maintain a sterilization log to document the process details, including date, time,
and parameters used.

Quality Management

To ensure the RTA60 autoclave operates efficiently and provides accurate sterilization:

• Regularly inspect the autoclave for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Ensure the autoclave is calibrated and functioning correctly, following the manufacturer's
guidelines.

• Verify that the pressure and temperature gauges are accurate and functioning properly.

• Document all maintenance activities and calibration results to maintain a record of the
autoclave’s performance.
Precautions

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, gloves, and safety
goggles during autoclave operation.

2. Perform thorough hand hygiene and ensure cleanliness when handling items to be
sterilized.

3. Properly label and package materials to allow effective steam penetration.

4. Avoid overloading the autoclave chamber to allow for steam circulation and effective
sterilization.

5. Separate items based on sterilization requirements to prevent cross-contamination.

6. Regularly inspect and maintain the autoclave, including safety features and pressure relief
valves.

7. Do not attempt to open the autoclave door until the pressure has fully released and the
temperature has decreased to a safe level.

Calibration

To ensure accurate and consistent sterilization, calibrate the RTA60 autoclave regularly:

1. Perform calibration with certified calibration tools every month or more frequently if the
autoclave is used extensively.

2. Check the accuracy of the temperature and pressure settings by comparing them with
known standards.

3. Adjust the autoclave settings as necessary to ensure they meet the required specifications.

4. Document the calibration process and results for future reference and compliance with
regulatory standards.
By following these detailed instructions and guidelines, you can ensure the safe, effective, and
reliable operation of the RTA60 autoclave, maintaining the highest standards of sterilization in
your laboratory or facility.

Autoclave (RTA60)
Instrument NO.3

Centrifuge (800 Electronic Centrifuge)

Purpose

The 800 Electronic Centrifuge is designed to enable the separation of various elements within a
given solution by spinning the samples at very high speeds. This process allows for the selective
separation and recovery of desired products, such as cellular components, proteins, or DNA,
essential for various biological and chemical experiments.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel who utilize the 800 Electronic Centrifuge for
sample preparation, separation, and analysis in enclosed laboratory settings. The centrifuge is
widely used in fields such as biochemistry, molecular biology, clinical diagnostics, and industrial
research.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the centrifuge is placed on a flat, stable surface to prevent any vibrations or
movement during operation.

o Balance the rotor by placing tubes with equally balanced weight directly opposite
each other to ensure even distribution of weight and prevent damage.

2. Loading:

o Gently place the tubes into the rotor, ensuring they are securely seated.

o Tighten the lid of the centrifuge properly to ensure it is locked and secure.
 3. Setting Parameters:

o Select the correct revolutions per minute (RPM) or relative centrifugal force (RCF)
based on the type of sample and the required separation time.

o Refer to the manufacturer's guidelines or experimental protocols for appropriate

settings.

4. Operation:

o Start the centrifuge and ensure it reaches the set parameters.

o Do not open the centrifuge while it is operating. Wait for it to stop completely
before opening the lid.

5. Post-Operation:

o Once the centrifuge has stopped, carefully remove the tubes.

o Process the separated samples as needed.

o Discard any waste materials properly and clean the rotor and chamber to maintain
hygiene and prevent contamination.

Quality Management

To ensure the 800 Electronic Centrifuge operates efficiently and provides accurate separations:
• Regularly inspect the centrifuge rotor for cracks or signs of wear before use.

• Verify that all settings perform their expected tasks and that the display and control buttons
function correctly.
• Conduct daily quality control checks to ensure precise sample segregation and reliable
operation.
Precautions

1. Ensure that samples are balanced in the centrifuge to avoid damaging the rotor.

2. Lock the lid of the centrifuge securely to prevent any mishaps or accidents.

3. Do not open the centrifuge while it is in operation to avoid injury.

4. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, to
avoid direct contact with chemicals and biological samples.

5. Handle all samples and chemicals with care to prevent contamination or exposure.
Calibration
Calibration should be conducted periodically, preferably by a professional technician or as
recommended by the manufacturer:

1. Verify the accuracy of set speeds using certified calibration tools.

2. Conduct tests such as RPM against standard values to ensure the centrifuge operates
correctly.

3. Document the calibration process and results to maintain the reliability and validity of the
obtained results.

Centrifuge (EBA 200)

Purpose

The EBA 200 centrifuge is designed to enable the separation of various elements within a given
solution by spinning the samples at very high speeds. This process allows for the selective
separation and recovery of desired products, such as cellular components, proteins, or DNA,
essential for various biological and chemical experiments.

Scope

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:
o Ensure the centrifuge is placed on a flat, stable surface to prevent any vibrations or
movement during operation.
 o Balance the rotor by placing tubes with equally balanced weight directly opposite
each other to ensure even distribution of weight and prevent damage.

2. Loading:

o Gently place the tubes into the rotor, ensuring they are securely seated.

o Tighten the lid of the centrifuge properly to ensure it is locked and secured.

3. Setting Parameters:

o Select the correct revolutions per minute (RPM) or relative centrifugal force (RCF)
based on the type of sample and the required separation time.

o Refer to the manufacturer's guidelines or experimental protocols for appropriate

settings.

4. Operation:

o Start the centrifuge and ensure it reaches the set parameters.

o Do not open the centrifuge while it is operating. Wait for it to stop completely
before opening the lid.
5. Post-Operation:

o Once the centrifuge has stopped, carefully remove the tubes.

o Process the separated samples as needed.

o Discard any waste materials properly and clean the rotor and chamber to maintain
hygiene and prevent contamination.

o Maintain a sterilization log to document the process details, including date, time,
and parameters used.

Quality Management

To ensure the EBA 200 centrifuge operates efficiently and provides accurate separations:

• Regularly inspect the centrifuge rotor for cracks or signs of wear before use.

• Verify that all settings perform their expected tasks and that the display and control buttons
function correctly.

• Conduct daily quality control checks to ensure precise sample segregation and reliable
operation.

Precautions
1. Ensure that samples are balanced in the centrifuge to avoid damaging the rotor.
 2. Lock the lid of the centrifuge securely to prevent any mishaps or accidents.

3. Do not open the centrifuge while it is in operation to avoid injury.

4. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, to
avoid direct contact with chemicals and biological samples.

5. Handle all samples and chemicals with care to prevent contamination or exposure.

6. Avoid overloading the centrifuge chamber to allow for proper steam circulation and
effective separation.

Calibration

Calibration should be conducted periodically, preferably by a professional technician or as

recommended by the manufacturer:

1. Verify the accuracy of set speeds using certified calibration tools.

2. Conduct tests such as RPM against standard values to ensure the centrifuge operates
correctly.

3. Adjust the centrifuge settings as necessary to ensure they meet the required specifications.
4. Document the calibration process and results to maintain the reliability and validity of the
obtained results.
Instrument NO.4

Incubator (Memmert IF55)

Purpose

The Memmert IF55 incubator provides a controlled environment for the growth and maintenance
of cell cultures, microorganisms, and tissue samples. It is essential in biological research,
microbiology labs, and clinical diagnostics where temperature regulation is critical to ensure
reproducible results. Additionally, incubators like the IF55 are used for drug testing and
environmental studies, providing precise control over experimental conditions.

Principle

The core function of the Memmert IF55 incubator is to maintain a stable temperature, and in some
models, also control humidity and CO₂ levels. This stability allows for the cultivation and
observation of cells or microorganisms under specific environmental conditions. The IF55
achieves this through an insulated chamber and precise temperature control mechanisms.

Advanced Principle of Operation

In advanced models like CO₂ incubators, the principle extends beyond mere temperature
maintenance. These units integrate CO₂ gas controls and humidity systems. CO₂ sensors adjust gas
levels inside the chamber to match the desired setpoints, creating optimal conditions for
mammalian cell cultures, which typically thrive at around 5% CO₂. The IF55 maintains consistent
humidity using water pans or automated humidity systems, ensuring 95% relative humidity to
prevent sample drying.

Components of the Instrument

1. Chamber: The main area where samples are placed.

2. Heating Elements: Provide warmth to maintain a stable temperature.

3. Control Panel: Used to set and monitor conditions.

4. Air Circulation Fan: Ensures uniform temperature distribution (in forced-air incubators).

5. Humidity/CO₂ System: Present in specialized incubators for added environmental control.

Calibration

General Calibration:

• Incubators should be calibrated periodically to ensure accurate temperature readings.

Calibration is typically done using a calibrated thermometer to compare the incubator’s
temperature settings with the actual temperature inside the chamber. Adjustments are made
if discrepancies are noted.

Calibration Process in Specialized Models:

• Calibration in more complex incubators, like CO₂ incubators, involves additional steps.
These models may require calibration for both temperature and gas levels, using certified
CO₂ sensors and thermocouples. Routine calibration ensures that the incubator’s sensors
align with actual environmental conditions, essential for experiments that depend on
precise CO₂ or humidity levels.

Working Procedure

1. Set Parameters:

o Set the required temperature and adjust humidity and CO₂ if needed.
 o Preheat the incubator to stabilize internal conditions.

2. Loading Samples:

o Place samples on trays or shelves, avoiding overcrowding to ensure proper air

circulation.

o Close the door firmly to maintain conditions and avoid heat loss.

3. Monitoring:

o Regularly monitor the parameters on the control panel to ensure they remain stable.

4. Post-Operation:

o Pre-calibration: Before each use, check the calibration log to verify the incubator’s
latest calibration date.

o Parameter Setup: Adjust the temperature, CO₂, and humidity settings based on the
cell line or microorganism requirements. Allow the incubator to stabilize at the
selected parameters before adding samples.

o Maintenance During Use: Minimize door openings to retain a stable environment,

and monitor internal conditions periodically, especially in CO₂ incubators where
gas levels are critical.

o End-of-Use Cleaning: Wipe down the interior with a non-abrasive disinfectant to

minimize contamination risks. Replace water pans or cartridges as needed for
humidified models.

Quality Management

To ensure the IF55 incubator operates efficiently and provides accurate conditions:

• Regularly inspect the incubator for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Verify that all settings perform their expected tasks and that the display and control buttons
function correctly.
 • Conduct daily quality control checks to ensure precise temperature and environmental
conditions.

Precautions

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, gloves, and safety
goggles during operation.

2. Perform thorough hand hygiene and ensure cleanliness when handling samples to be
incubated.

3. Properly label and package materials to allow effective environmental control.

4. Avoid overloading the incubator chamber to allow for proper air circulation and effective
maintenance of conditions.

5. Separate items based on their environmental requirements to prevent cross-contamination.

6. Regularly inspect and maintain the incubator, including the CO₂ and humidity systems if
applicable.

7. Minimize door openings to maintain stable internal conditions.

Limitations

1. Risk of Contamination: Especially in CO₂ and high-humidity incubators, microbial

contamination is a common issue. Specialized incubators often incorporate UV sterilization
or copper interiors to mitigate this risk, though regular disinfection is still essential.

2. Environmental Stability: Some incubators struggle with maintaining stable internal

conditions under frequent door openings, which can disrupt sensitive experiments.
Advanced models often include thermal buffers to address this.

3. Cost and Maintenance: High-end models with CO₂ and humidity controls are costly, and
their maintenance often involves specialized parts and regular servicing to maintain
precision.
Applications

The Memmert IF55 incubator is indispensable in medical and biological fields. In clinical labs, it
is used for culturing bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms for diagnostic purposes. In genetic
research, it supports studies in gene expression and protein synthesis by providing an ideal
environment for cellular replication. Pharmaceutical research often employs incubators to test drug
efficacy and toxicity on cells. Additionally, tissue engineering relies on incubators to maintain and
grow tissue samples for various applications.
Instrument NO.5

Hot Air Oven (1N110)

Purpose

The 1N110 hot air oven is designed to sterilize laboratory equipment and materials using dry heat.
It is essential for eliminating microorganisms and bacterial spores from heat-resistant items,
ensuring a sterile environment for various laboratory applications.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel who use the 1N110 hot air oven for sterilization
purposes. It covers procedures for safe operation, maintenance, and quality assurance to ensure
effective sterilization.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the hot air oven is placed on a stable, flat surface to prevent any vibrations
or movement during operation.

o Verify that the oven chamber is clean and free of any debris or residues that could
affect its performance.

o Check that the temperature and timer settings are suitable for the materials to be
sterilized.

2. Loading Items:

o Place items to be sterilized in heat-resistant containers or trays, ensuring proper

packaging to allow for effective heat penetration.

o Arrange the items in the oven chamber, ensuring there is adequate space for air
circulation. Avoid overloading the chamber.

3. Operating the Hot Air Oven:

 o Close and securely latch the oven door, ensuring it is sealed properly.

o Set the desired sterilization temperature and duration on the oven’s control panel
according to the material being sterilized.

o Start the hot air oven cycle, allowing it to reach the set parameters before
commencing sterilization.

o Monitor the sterilization process to ensure it adheres to the specified conditions.

4. Post-Sterilization:

o Wait for the hot air oven to cool down before opening the door to avoid burns or
injuries.

o Carefully remove sterilized items using heat-resistant gloves or tools.

o Clean the oven chamber and surrounding area after each use to maintain cleanliness
and prevent contamination.

o Maintain a sterilization log to document the process details, including date, time,
and parameters used.

Quality Management

To ensure the 1N110 hot air oven operates efficiently and provides accurate sterilization:

• Regularly inspect the oven for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact its
performance.

• Verify that all settings perform their expected tasks and that the display and control buttons
function correctly.

• Conduct daily quality control checks to ensure precise temperature control and effective
sterilization.

Precautions

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, gloves, and safety
goggles during operation.
 2. Perform thorough hand hygiene and ensure cleanliness when handling items to be
sterilized.

3. Properly label and package materials to allow effective heat penetration.

4. Avoid overloading the oven chamber to allow for proper air circulation and effective
sterilization.

5. Separate items based on their sterilization requirements to prevent cross-contamination.

6. Regularly inspect and maintain the oven, including safety features and temperature control
mechanisms.

7. Do not attempt to open the oven door until it has cooled down completely.

Calibration

Calibration should be conducted periodically, preferably by a professional technician or as

recommended by the manufacturer:

1. Verify the accuracy of the temperature settings using a calibrated thermometer.

2. Conduct tests to ensure the oven reaches and maintains the set temperature accurately.

3. Adjust the oven settings as necessary to ensure they meet the required specifications.

4. Document the calibration process and results to maintain the reliability and validity of the
sterilization process.
Instrument NO.6

Microscope (XSZ-107)
Purpose

The XSZ-107 microscope is designed for biological and clinical examinations, teaching
demonstrations, and research purposes. It provides high-quality imaging for observing cellular
structures, microorganisms, and tissue samples.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel, educators, and researchers using the XSZ-107
microscope for various applications in biological and clinical settings.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the microscope is placed on a stable, flat surface to prevent vibrations or

movement during use.

o Verify that the microscope is clean and free of any debris or residues that could
affect image quality.
 2. Loading Samples:

o Place the sample on the stage using a slide and cover slip.

o Secure the sample using stage clips to prevent movement during observation.

3. Operating the Microscope:

o Adjust the interpupillary distance of the eyepieces to match your eyes.

o Use the coarse focus knob to bring the sample into general focus.

o Fine-tune the focus using the fine adjustment knob for a clear image.

o Adjust the brightness of the illumination source as needed for optimal viewing.

4. Post-Operation:

o After use, clean the eyepieces and objective lenses with lens paper to remove any
oil or debris.

o Cover the microscope with a dust cover to protect it from dust and damage.

o Store the microscope in a safe, dry place.

Quality Management

To ensure the XSZ-107 microscope operates efficiently and provides accurate imaging:

• Regularly inspect the microscope for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Verify that all settings perform their expected tasks and that the display and control buttons
function correctly.

• Conduct daily quality control checks to ensure precise imaging and reliable operation.

Precautions

1. Handle the microscope with care to avoid dropping or damaging it.

2. Use lens paper or a soft cloth to clean the lenses and eyepieces to prevent scratches.
 3. Avoid touching the lenses with your fingers to prevent smudges and contamination.

4. Ensure proper lighting conditions to avoid eye strain during prolonged use.

5. Follow proper sample handling procedures to prevent contamination and ensure accurate
results.

Calibration

Calibration should be conducted periodically, preferably by a professional technician or as

recommended by the manufacturer:

1. Verify the accuracy of the magnification settings using a calibrated scale or micrometer.

2. Conduct tests to ensure the microscope provides clear and accurate images at different
magnifications.

3. Adjust the microscope settings as necessary to ensure they meet the required specifications.

4. Document the calibration process and results to maintain the reliability and validity of the
imaging process.

Applications

The XSZ-107 microscope is indispensable in medical and biological fields. In clinical labs, it is
used for culturing bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms for diagnostic purposes. In genetic
research, it supports studies in gene expression and protein synthesis by providing an ideal
environment for cellular replication. Pharmaceutical research often employs microscopes to test
drug efficacy and toxicity on cells. Additionally, tissue engineering relies on microscopes to
maintain and grow tissue samples for various applications.
Instrument NO.7

Water Bath (WNE14)

Purpose

The WNE14 water bath is designed to provide a controlled temperature environment for the
incubation and sterilization of samples. It is widely used in laboratories for applications such as
media preparation, enzyme reactions, and the incubation of biological samples.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the WNE14 water bath for various
applications requiring precise temperature control.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the water bath is placed on a stable, flat surface to prevent vibrations or
movement during operation.

o Verify that the water bath is clean and free of any debris or residues that could affect
its performance.

o Check that the water level is appropriate for the intended use.
 2. Loading Samples:

o Place samples in heat-resistant containers or racks that can be submerged in the

water bath.

o Arrange the samples to ensure proper water circulation around each container.

3. Operating the Water Bath:

o Close and securely latch the water bath door.

o Set the desired temperature on the control panel.

o Start the water bath and allow it to reach the set temperature before placing samples
inside.

o Monitor the temperature and water level during operation to ensure optimal
conditions.

4. Post-Operation:

o After use, carefully remove the samples from the water bath.

o Allow the water bath to cool down before opening the door to avoid burns or
injuries.

o Clean the water bath and surrounding area after each use to maintain hygiene and
prevent contamination.

o Maintain a sterilization log to document the process details, including date, time,
and parameters used.

Quality Management

To ensure the WNE14 water bath operates efficiently and provides accurate temperature control:

• Regularly inspect the water bath for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Verify that all settings perform their expected tasks and that the display and control buttons
function correctly.
 • Conduct daily quality control checks to ensure precise temperature control and effective
operation.

Precautions

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, gloves, and safety
goggles during operation.

2. Perform thorough hand hygiene and ensure cleanliness when handling samples to be
incubated.

3. Properly label and package materials to allow effective temperature control.

4. Avoid overloading the water bath chamber to allow for proper water circulation and
effective temperature maintenance.

5. Separate items based on their temperature requirements to prevent cross-contamination.

6. Regularly inspect and maintain the water bath, including the heating elements and
temperature sensors.

7. Do not attempt to open the water bath door until it has cooled down completely.

Calibration

Calibration should be conducted periodically, preferably by a professional technician or as

recommended by the manufacturer:
 1. Verify the accuracy of the temperature settings using a calibrated thermometer.

2. Conduct tests to ensure the water bath reaches and maintains the set temperature accurately.

3. Adjust the water bath settings as necessary to ensure they meet the required specifications.

4. Document the calibration process and results to maintain the reliability and validity of the
temperature control.

Applications

The WNE14 water bath is indispensable in medical and biological fields. In clinical labs, it is used
for culturing bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms for diagnostic purposes. In genetic
research, it supports studies in gene expression and protein synthesis by providing an ideal
environment for cellular replication. Pharmaceutical research often employs water baths to test
drug efficacy and toxicity on cells. Additionally, tissue engineering relies on water baths to
maintain and grow tissue samples for various applications.
Instrument NO.8

Haier (HRF-438 IBSA 16 CFT Digital Inverter Refrigerator)

Purpose

The Haier HRF-438 IBSA 16 CFT Digital Inverter Refrigerator is designed for laboratory use to
provide precise and reliable cooling and storage of sensitive samples, reagents, and other
laboratory materials. It maintains optimal temperatures to preserve the integrity of perishable
items, ensuring accurate and reproducible results in various scientific and clinical research settings.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the Haier HRF-438 IBSA 16 CFT Digital
Inverter Refrigerator for the storage of samples, reagents, and other temperature-sensitive
materials. It covers the procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety precautions
to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the refrigerator on a stable and level surface to prevent vibrations and ensure
proper functioning.

o Allow the refrigerator to stand upright for at least 2 hours before plugging it in,
especially after moving it, to allow the refrigerant to settle.

2. Loading:

o Arrange laboratory samples, reagents, and other materials in the refrigerator,

ensuring proper air circulation around each item.

o Do not overload the shelves to maintain efficient cooling and prevent damage to
the internal components.

3. Setting Parameters:
 o Use the digital control panel to set the desired temperature for the refrigerator
compartments.

o Adjust the temperature settings based on the specific requirements of the stored
materials.

4. Operation:

o Ensure that the refrigerator door is closed properly to maintain the internal
temperature.

o Regularly check the temperature settings and adjust them as needed to ensure
optimal performance.

5. Post-Operation:

o Clean the interior and exterior of the refrigerator regularly using a mild detergent
and a soft cloth.

o Defrost the freezer compartment if ice buildup exceeds 1/4 inch to maintain
efficiency.

o Check and replace the water filter as recommended by the manufacturer.

o Maintain a log to document temperature readings and maintenance activities.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the Haier HRF-438 IBSA 16 CFT Digital Inverter
Refrigerator:

• Regularly inspect the refrigerator for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Ensure that the digital control panel and temperature sensors are functioning correctly.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the condenser coils and inspecting
the door seals.

• Calibrate the temperature sensors periodically to ensure accurate temperature control.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the refrigerator with

care during installation and maintenance to avoid
physical damage.

2. Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the

refrigerator shelves, as this can obstruct airflow
and reduce cooling efficiency.

3. Regular Cleaning: Clean the refrigerator

regularly to prevent contamination and ensure
optimal performance.

4. Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation around

the refrigerator to prevent overheating.

5. Electrical Safety: Do not use extension cords or

multiple socket outlets to power the refrigerator.
Plug it directly into a grounded electrical outlet.

6. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the

refrigerator from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

7. Sample Safety: Label all samples and reagents

clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper
handling.

Applications

The Haier HRF-438 IBSA 16 CFT Digital Inverter Refrigerator is ideal for laboratory use,
providing efficient cooling and storage for a variety of temperature-sensitive materials. It is
suitable for storing biological samples, chemical reagents, culture media, and other perishable
laboratory items. The advanced cooling technology ensures that these materials remain stable and
effective, supporting high-quality research and diagnostic outcomes.
 Samsung Refrigerator (RZ32 No Frost Refrigerator)
Purpose

The Samsung RZ32 No Frost Refrigerator is designed for laboratory use to provide precise and
reliable cooling and storage of sensitive samples, reagents, and other laboratory materials. It
maintains optimal temperatures to preserve the integrity of perishable items, ensuring accurate and
reproducible results in various scientific and clinical research settings.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the Samsung RZ32 No Frost Refrigerator for
the storage of samples, reagents, and other temperature-sensitive materials. It covers the
procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety precautions to ensure effective and
safe use in a laboratory environment.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the refrigerator on a stable and level surface to prevent vibrations and ensure
proper functioning.

o Allow the refrigerator to stand upright for at least 2 hours before plugging it in,
especially after moving it, to allow the refrigerant to settle.

2. Loading:

o Arrange laboratory samples, reagents, and other materials in the refrigerator,

ensuring proper air circulation around each item.

o Do not overload the shelves to maintain efficient cooling and prevent damage to
the internal components.

3. Setting Parameters:

o Use the digital control panel to set the desired temperature for the refrigerator
compartments.
 o Adjust the temperature settings based on the specific requirements of the stored
materials.

4. Operation:

o Ensure that the refrigerator door is closed properly to maintain the internal
temperature.

o Regularly check the temperature settings and adjust them as needed to ensure
optimal performance.

5. Post-Operation:

o Clean the interior and exterior of the refrigerator regularly using a mild detergent
and a soft cloth.

o Defrost the freezer compartment if ice buildup exceeds 1/4 inch to maintain
efficiency.

o Check and replace the water filter as recommended by the manufacturer.

o Maintain a log to document temperature readings and maintenance activities.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the Samsung RZ32 No Frost Refrigerator:

• Regularly inspect the refrigerator for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Ensure that the digital control panel and temperature sensors are functioning correctly.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the condenser coils and inspecting
the door seals.

• Calibrate the temperature sensors periodically to ensure accurate temperature control.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the refrigerator with care during installation and maintenance
to avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the

refrigerator shelves, as this can obstruct airflow
and reduce cooling efficiency.

3. Regular Cleaning: Clean the refrigerator

regularly to prevent contamination and ensure
optimal performance.

4. Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation around

the refrigerator to prevent overheating.

5. Electrical Safety: Do not use extension cords or

multiple socket outlets to power the refrigerator.
Plug it directly into a grounded electrical outlet.

6. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the

refrigerator from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

7. Sample Safety: Label all samples and reagents

clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper
handling.

Applications

The Samsung RZ32 No Frost Refrigerator is ideal for

laboratory use, providing efficient cooling and storage for
a variety of temperature-sensitive materials. It is suitable
for storing biological samples, chemical reagents, culture
media, and other perishable laboratory items. The advanced cooling technology ensures that these
materials remain stable and effective, supporting high-quality research and diagnostic outcomes.
 Dawlance (9188WB-NS Refrigerator)
Purpose

The Dawlance 9188WB-NS Refrigerator is designed for laboratory use to provide precise and
reliable cooling and storage of sensitive samples, reagents, and other laboratory materials. It
maintains optimal temperatures to preserve the integrity of perishable items, ensuring accurate and
reproducible results in various scientific and clinical research settings.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the Dawlance 9188WB-NS Refrigerator for
the storage of samples, reagents, and other temperature-sensitive materials. It covers the
procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety precautions to ensure effective and
safe use in a laboratory environment.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the refrigerator on a stable and level surface to prevent vibrations and ensure
proper functioning.

o Allow the refrigerator to stand upright for at least 2 hours before plugging it in,
especially after moving it, to allow the refrigerant to settle.

2. Loading:

o Arrange laboratory samples, reagents, and other materials in the refrigerator,

ensuring proper air circulation around each item.

o Do not overload the shelves to maintain efficient cooling and prevent damage to
the internal components.

3. Setting Parameters:

o Use the digital control panel to set the desired temperature for the refrigerator
compartments.
 o Adjust the temperature settings based on the specific requirements of the stored
materials.

4. Operation:

o Ensure that the refrigerator door is closed properly to maintain the internal
temperature.

o Regularly check the temperature settings and adjust them as needed to ensure
optimal performance.

5. Post-Operation:

o Clean the interior and exterior of the refrigerator regularly using a mild detergent
and a soft cloth.

o Defrost the freezer compartment if ice buildup exceeds 1/4 inch to maintain
efficiency.

o Check and replace the water filter as recommended by the manufacturer.

o Maintain a log to document temperature readings and maintenance activities.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the Dawlance 9188WB-NS Refrigerator:

• Regularly inspect the refrigerator for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Ensure that the digital control panel and temperature sensors are functioning correctly.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the condenser coils and inspecting
the door seals.

• Calibrate the temperature sensors periodically to ensure accurate temperature control.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the refrigerator with care during installation and maintenance
to avoid physical damage.
 2. Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the
refrigerator shelves, as this can obstruct
airflow and reduce cooling efficiency.

3. Regular Cleaning: Clean the refrigerator

regularly to prevent contamination and
ensure optimal performance.

4. Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation

around the refrigerator to prevent
overheating.

5. Electrical Safety: Do not use extension

cords or multiple socket outlets to power
the refrigerator. Plug it directly into a
grounded electrical outlet.

6. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect

the refrigerator from the power supply
before performing any maintenance or
cleaning.

7. Sample Safety: Label all samples and

reagents clearly to avoid mix-ups and
ensure proper handling.

Applications

The Dawlance 9188WB-NS Refrigerator is ideal

for laboratory use, providing efficient cooling and
storage for a variety of temperature-sensitive
materials. It is suitable for storing biological samples, chemical reagents, culture media, and other
perishable laboratory items. The advanced cooling technology ensures that these materials remain
stable and effective, supporting high-quality research and diagnostic outcomes.
Instrument NO. 9

Microlab 300
Purpose

The Microlab 300 is a semi-automated clinical chemistry analyzer designed to perform a wide
range of tests in low-volume laboratories. It is used for accurate and efficient analysis of
biochemical substances in various types of samples, including blood, serum, plasma, urine, and
other bodily fluids. This instrument is essential for diagnostic applications, research, and routine
clinical chemistry testing.

Scope

This document is intended for laboratory personnel who utilize the Microlab 300 for clinical
chemistry analyses. It covers the procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety
precautions to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Principle

The Microlab 300 operates based on photometric measurement principles. It measures the
absorbance of light by a sample at specific wavelengths to determine the concentration of various
biochemical substances. The system uses a quartz-iodine lamp as the light source and filters to
select the appropriate wavelength for each test. The absorbance is then converted into a
concentration using calibrated standards, ensuring precise and accurate results.
Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the analyzer is placed on a stable, flat surface to prevent vibrations or

movement during operation.

o Power on the analyzer and allow it to warm up as per the manufacturer’s

instructions.

o Ensure that the analyzer is calibrated and quality control tests have been performed.

2. Loading Samples:

o Prepare samples and reagents according to the test protocols.

o Load the samples into the designated sample holders or cuvettes.

o Insert the cuvettes into the sample compartment of the analyzer.

3. Setting Parameters:

o Use the digital control panel to set the desired test parameters, including the type
of test, sample ID, and calibration curve.

o Input the necessary information using the QWERTY keyboard and ensure all
settings are correct.

4. Operation:

o Start the analysis by pressing the appropriate button on the control panel.

o Monitor the analysis process on the display screen to ensure it is running smoothly.

o Wait for the analyzer to complete the test and display the results.

5. Post-Operation:

o After the analysis is complete, carefully remove the samples and dispose of any
waste according to laboratory protocols.
 o Clean the sample compartment and any other areas that may have come into contact
with the samples.

o Document the test results and any maintenance activities in the laboratory log.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and accuracy of the Microlab 300:

• Regularly inspect the analyzer for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact
performance.

• Perform daily quality control tests to ensure the accuracy and reliability of test results.

• Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for routine maintenance, including cleaning and
calibration.

• Keep detailed records of all maintenance and calibration activities.

Calibration

Calibration of the Microlab 300 is essential to ensure accurate and reliable test results. It should
be conducted periodically, as recommended by the manufacturer, and involves the following steps:

1. Preparation:

o Obtain certified calibration standards and prepare them according to the

manufacturer's instructions.

o Ensure the analyzer is clean and free of any debris that could affect calibration.

2. Calibration Process:

o Select the appropriate calibration program on the digital control panel.

o Insert the calibration standards into the sample holders or cuvettes and place them
in the sample compartment.

o Initiate the calibration process by following the on-screen prompts.

o The analyzer will measure the absorbance of the calibration standards and adjust
its settings to ensure accurate readings.
 o Record the calibration results and make any necessary adjustments to the analyzer
settings.

3. Post-Calibration:

o Verify the calibration by running quality control samples and comparing the results
to expected values.

o Document the calibration process, including the date, calibration standards used,
and any adjustments made.

o Store calibration records for future reference and compliance with laboratory
regulations.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the analyzer with care during installation and maintenance to
avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Contamination: Ensure that samples and reagents are handled in a clean
environment to prevent contamination.

3. Electrical Safety: Plug the analyzer directly into a grounded electrical outlet and avoid
using extension cords.

4. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the analyzer from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

5. Chemical Safety: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats,
gloves, and safety goggles when handling reagents and samples.

Applications

The Microlab 300 is ideal for clinical chemistry laboratories, providing efficient and reliable
testing for various biochemical substances. It supports a wide range of tests, including enzyme
assays, substrate tests, and specific protein assays. The analyzer ensures accurate and reproducible
results, making it suitable for routine diagnostic testing, research, and specialized clinical
applications.
Instrument NO. 10

Class I Biosafety Cabinet (Robus Technologies)

Purpose

The Class I Biosafety Cabinet (BSC) is designed to provide protection for laboratory personnel
and the environment from exposure to hazardous biological materials and aerosols. Unlike Class
II and Class III cabinets, it does not provide product protection but is effective in containing
potentially dangerous materials to prevent contamination and spread.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel who use

the Class I Biosafety Cabinet for handling hazardous
biological materials. It covers the procedures for
installation, operation, maintenance, and safety
precautions to ensure effective and safe use in a
laboratory environment.

Principle

The Class I Biosafety Cabinet operates by drawing air

through the front opening and passing it through a
HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filter before being exhausted into the laboratory or to the
external environment. This airflow creates an inward barrier that prevents airborne contaminants
from escaping the cabinet, providing effective containment of hazardous materials.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Ensure the biosafety cabinet is placed in a suitable location, away from high traffic
areas and air vents, to prevent airflow disruption.

o Verify that the cabinet is certified and has undergone appropriate decontamination
procedures before use.
 2. Loading Samples:

o Place all necessary materials and equipment inside the cabinet before starting work
to minimize the need to open the front sash during operations.

o Arrange materials to prevent airflow obstruction, ensuring proper containment.

3. Operating the Biosafety Cabinet:

o Turn on the cabinet and allow it to run for at least 5 minutes before starting work
to establish a stable airflow.

o Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including lab coats, gloves,
and safety goggles.

o Perform all work at least 4 inches inside the cabinet to ensure containment.

o Avoid rapid movements that can disrupt the airflow and compromise containment.

4. Post-Operation:

o After completing work, allow the cabinet to run for at least 5 minutes to purge any
contaminants before removing materials.

o Clean and decontaminate the interior surfaces with an appropriate disinfectant.

o Turn off the cabinet and secure the front sash.

Quality Management

To ensure the Class I Biosafety Cabinet operates efficiently and provides effective containment:

• Regularly inspect the cabinet for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact
its performance.

• Verify the proper function of airflow indicators and alarms.

• Ensure the HEPA filters are checked and replaced as recommended by the manufacturer.

• Conduct routine maintenance and annual certification to verify cabinet performance.

Precautions
 1. Proper Handling: Handle all hazardous materials within the cabinet to avoid exposure.

2. Avoid Contamination: Decontaminate the cabinet surfaces before and after use to prevent
contamination.

3. Electrical Safety: Ensure the cabinet is plugged into a grounded electrical outlet and avoid
using extension cords.

4. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the cabinet from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE to protect against
exposure to hazardous materials.

6. Airflow Maintenance: Avoid blocking the front grill and ensure that air circulation within
the cabinet is not obstructed.

Applications

The Class I Biosafety Cabinet is ideal for laboratory use, providing containment for hazardous
biological materials and protecting laboratory personnel and the environment. It is suitable for
various applications, including:

• Microbiological Research: Handling non-sterile microbiological cultures and samples.

• Toxicology Studies: Working with toxic substances requiring containment.

• Chemical Handling: Managing hazardous chemicals and materials needing containment

to protect the user and environment.
Instrument NO.11

Electrothermal Thermostatic Drying Oven (DHG-9202)

Purpose

The DHG-9202 Electrothermal Thermostatic Drying Oven is designed to provide precise and
reliable drying for laboratory samples. It ensures consistent temperature control and uniform
drying, making it ideal for various applications in research, quality control, and production
environments.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory

personnel using the DHG-9202
Electrothermal Thermostatic Drying Oven
for drying samples. It covers the procedures
for installation, operation, maintenance,
and safety precautions to ensure effective
and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Principle

The DHG-9202 drying oven operates using

a microprocessor-controlled heating system
and a DC fan to maintain a consistent temperature within the workroom. The double-layer
tempered glass door provides visibility and protection, while the over-heat alarm and protection
features ensure safe operation. The oven maintains a temperature range of 50-300°C with a
temperature fluctuation of ±1°C.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the drying oven on a stable, level surface to prevent vibrations and ensure
proper functioning.
 o Allow the oven to reach room temperature before plugging it in, especially if it has
been moved.

2. Loading Samples:

o Arrange samples evenly on the oven racks to ensure proper air circulation and
uniform drying.

o Avoid overloading the oven to maintain efficient drying and prevent damage to the
internal components.

3. Setting Parameters:

o Use the digital control panel to set the desired temperature and drying time for your
samples.

o Adjust the settings based on the specific requirements of the materials being dried.

4. Operation:

o Ensure the oven door is closed properly to maintain the internal temperature.

o Start the drying process by pressing the appropriate button on the control panel.

o Monitor the drying process and make any necessary adjustments to the temperature
or time settings.

5. Post-Operation:

o After the drying cycle is complete, allow the oven to cool down before opening the
door.
o Carefully remove the dried samples and clean the interior of the oven using a mild
detergent and a soft cloth.
o Check and replace the water filter as recommended by the manufacturer.
o Maintain a log to document temperature readings and maintenance activities.
Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the DHG-9202 Electrothermal Thermostatic Drying
Oven:
 • Regularly inspect the oven for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact its
performance.

• Ensure that the digital control panel and temperature sensors are functioning correctly.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the condenser coils and inspecting
the door seals.

• Calibrate the temperature sensors periodically to ensure accurate temperature control.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the oven with care during installation and maintenance to avoid
physical damage.

2. Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the oven shelves, as this can obstruct airflow and
reduce drying efficiency.

3. Regular Cleaning: Clean the oven regularly to prevent contamination and ensure optimal
performance.

4. Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation around the oven to prevent overheating.

5. Electrical Safety: Plug the oven directly into a grounded electrical outlet and avoid using
extension cords.

6. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the oven from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

7. Sample Safety: Label all samples clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper handling.

Applications

The DHG-9202 Electrothermal Thermostatic Drying Oven is ideal for laboratory use, providing
efficient and reliable drying for a variety of materials. It is suitable for drying biological samples,
chemical reagents, culture media, and other materials requiring precise temperature control.
Instrument NO.12

Distilled Water Plant (NOT WORKING)

Purpose

The distilled water plant is designed to produce high-purity distilled water by removing
contaminants, minerals, and other impurities through the process of distillation. This high-purity
water is essential for various laboratory applications, ensuring accurate results and preventing
contamination in sensitive experiments and procedures.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the distilled water plant for the production of
high-purity distilled water. It covers the procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and
safety precautions to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Principle

The distilled water plant operates by heating water to its boiling point to produce steam. The steam
is then condensed back into liquid form, leaving behind impurities and contaminants. The resulting
distilled water is free from minerals, bacteria, and other impurities, making it suitable for sensitive
laboratory applications.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the distilled water plant on a stable, level surface to prevent vibrations and
ensure proper functioning.

o Ensure all connections, including water supply and electrical connections, are
secure and meet the manufacturer's specifications.

2. Starting the System:

o Turn on the power supply to the distilled water plant.

o Open the water supply valve to allow water to flow into the boiling chamber.
 o Check that the water level in the boiling chamber is within the recommended range.

3. Operation:

o Set the desired temperature on the control panel to begin the distillation process.

o Monitor the boiling chamber to ensure it reaches the boiling point and starts
producing steam.

o The steam will pass through a condenser, where it cools and condenses back into
liquid form.

o Collect the distilled water in a clean, sterile container or storage tank.

4. Post-Operation:

o After completing the distillation process, turn off the power supply and close the
water supply valve.

o Allow the system to cool down before performing any maintenance or cleaning.

o Clean the boiling chamber, condenser, and any other components that come into
contact with water to prevent scale buildup and contamination.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the distilled water plant:

• Regularly inspect the plant for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact
its performance.

• Ensure that all components, including the boiling chamber, condenser, and storage tanks,
are clean and free from scale or other deposits.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning and replacing any worn or
damaged parts.

• Test the purity of the distilled water periodically to ensure it meets the required standards.
Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the distilled

water plant with care during installation
and maintenance to avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Contamination: Ensure that all

components are clean and free from
contaminants to maintain the purity of the
distilled water.

3. Electrical Safety: Ensure the plant is

plugged into a grounded electrical outlet
and avoid using extension cords.

4. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect

the plant from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

5. Water Quality: Use only clean, filtered water as the input to the plant to prevent damage
to the system and ensure high-quality distilled water output.

Applications

The distilled water plant is ideal for laboratory use, providing high-purity water for various
applications, including:

• Chemical Analysis: Ensuring accurate results in analytical chemistry by using

contaminant-free water.

• Biological Research: Preparing culture media and reagents with high-purity water to
prevent interference from impurities.

• Clinical Diagnostics: Producing sterile water for use in medical procedures and diagnostic
tests.

• Industrial Applications: Providing pure water for manufacturing processes, cleaning, and
other industrial uses that require contaminant-free water.
Instrument NO. 13

ELISA Reader (Labomed EMR-500 ELISA Microplate Reader)

Purpose

The Labomed EMR-500 ELISA Microplate Reader is designed to provide accurate and reliable
measurements for ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and other microplate-based
assays. It offers high sensitivity and precision, making it ideal for various laboratory applications,
including clinical diagnostics, research, and quality control.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the Labomed EMR-500 ELISA Microplate
Reader for performing microplate assays. It covers the procedures for installation, operation,
maintenance, and safety precautions to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Principle

The Labomed EMR-500 operates using an eight-channel photometer system that allows for
sequential and simultaneous reading of microplates. It uses a halogen light source and optical
filters to measure absorbance at different wavelengths, providing accurate and precise data for
various assay conditions1. The reader is equipped with powerful software for data processing and
storage, ensuring reliable results and ease of use.
Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the microplate reader on a stable, level surface to prevent vibrations and
ensure proper functioning.

o Ensure all connections, including power supply and data transfer cables, are secure
and meet the manufacturer's specifications.

2. Starting the System:

o Turn on the power supply to the microplate reader.

o Allow the system to warm up as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

o Ensure the software is installed and properly configured on the connected computer.

3. Loading Samples:

o Prepare the microplates according to the assay protocol.

o Load the microplates into the reader, ensuring proper alignment and placement in
the designated slots.

4. Setting Parameters:

o Use the touch screen control panel to set the desired assay parameters, including
wavelength, reading mode, and sample ID.

o Input the necessary information using the touch screen and ensure all settings are
correct.

5. Operation:

o Start the reading process by pressing the appropriate button on the control panel.

o Monitor the reading process on the display screen to ensure it is running smoothly.

o Wait for the reader to complete the reading and display the results.

6. Post-Operation:
 o After the reading is complete, carefully remove the microplates from the reader.

o Clean the reader and any other areas that may have come into contact with the
samples.

o Document the test results and any maintenance activities in the laboratory log.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the Labomed EMR-500 ELISA Microplate Reader:

• Regularly inspect the reader for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact
its performance.

• Ensure that the touch screen and optical components are clean and free from contaminants.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the optical filters and checking
the calibration.

• Calibrate the reader periodically to ensure accurate measurements.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the reader with care during installation and maintenance to
avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Contamination: Ensure that all components are clean and free from contaminants
to maintain the purity of the samples.

3. Electrical Safety: Plug the reader directly into a grounded electrical outlet and avoid using
extension cords.

4. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the reader from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

5. Sample Safety: Label all samples clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper handling.
Instrument NO.14

Vortex Mixer (Robus Technologies RTV-100)

Purpose

The RTV-100 Vortex Mixer is designed to provide efficient and consistent mixing of samples in
laboratory settings. It is ideal for mixing liquids in test tubes, microtubes, and other small
containers, ensuring thorough and uniform mixing.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the RTV-100 Vortex Mixer for mixing
samples. It covers the procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety precautions
to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Principle

The RTV-100 Vortex Mixer operates using an eccentric, oil-free motor that generates a vortexing
motion. This motion creates a rapid, circular flow within the sample container, ensuring thorough
mixing. The mixer offers variable speed control from 250 to 2500 rpm, allowing for precise
adjustment based on the sample requirements.
Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the vortex mixer on a stable, level surface to prevent vibrations and ensure
proper functioning.

o Ensure all connections, including power supply, are secure and meet the
manufacturer's specifications.

2. Starting the System:

o Turn on the power supply to the vortex mixer.

o Allow the system to warm up as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

3. Loading Samples:

o Place the sample containers (test tubes, microtubes, etc.) into the holders or clamps
provided.

o Ensure the containers are securely held in place to prevent spillage during mixing.

4. Setting Parameters:

o Use the control panel to set the desired speed for mixing.

o Adjust the speed based on the specific requirements of the sample being mixed.

5. Operation:

o Start the mixing process by pressing the appropriate button on the control panel.

o Monitor the mixing process to ensure it is running smoothly.

o Adjust the speed if necessary to achieve the desired mixing effect.

6. Post-Operation:

o After completing the mixing process, turn off the power supply.

o Carefully remove the sample containers from the holders.

 o Clean the holders and any other areas that may have come into contact with the
samples.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the RTV-100 Vortex Mixer:

• Regularly inspect the mixer for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could impact
its performance.

• Ensure that the control panel and motor are clean and free from contaminants.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the motor and checking the speed
control.

• Calibrate the speed settings periodically to ensure accurate performance.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the vortex mixer with care during installation and maintenance
to avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the holders with too many or too large sample
containers, as this can cause spillage and reduce mixing efficiency.

3. Regular Cleaning: Clean the mixer regularly to prevent contamination and ensure optimal
performance.

4. Electrical Safety: Plug the mixer directly into a grounded electrical outlet and avoid using
extension cords.

5. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the mixer from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

6. Sample Safety: Label all samples clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper handling.

Applications

The RTV-100 Vortex Mixer is ideal for laboratory use, providing efficient and reliable mixing for
various applications, including:
 • Microbiological Cultures: Mixing bacterial cultures and reagents.

• Chemical Reactions: Ensuring thorough mixing of chemical solutions.

• Biological Assays: Preparing samples for ELISA and other biological assays.

• General Laboratory Use: Mixing a wide range of liquids in test tubes and microtubes

Instrument NO.15

Millipore Filtration Assembly

Purpose

The Millipore Filtration Assembly is designed to provide efficient and reliable filtration for various
laboratory applications. It is used to separate particles from liquids, ensuring the collection of pure
samples for analysis, research, and quality control.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the Millipore Filtration Assembly for
filtration purposes. It covers the procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety
precautions to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.

Principle

The Millipore Filtration Assembly operates using a combination of filter membranes and holders
to separate particles from liquids. The filter membranes trap particles while allowing the liquid to
pass through, resulting in a purified sample. The assembly can be used for vacuum-driven or
pressure-driven filtration, depending on the specific requirements of the application.
Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the filtration assembly on a stable, level surface to

prevent vibrations and ensure proper functioning.

o Ensure all connections, including the vacuum or

pressure source, are secure and meet the manufacturer's
specifications.

2. Starting the System:

o Turn on the vacuum or pressure source to the filtration assembly.

o Ensure the system is properly connected and the filter membrane is securely in
place.

3. Loading Samples:

o Prepare the sample to be filtered and place it in the filtration flask or funnel.

o Ensure the sample is evenly distributed to allow for efficient filtration.

4. Setting Parameters:

o Adjust the vacuum or pressure settings based on the specific requirements of the
filtration process.

o Ensure the settings are appropriate for the type of filter membrane and sample being
used.

5. Operation:

o Start the filtration process by turning on the vacuum or pressure source.

o Monitor the filtration process to ensure it is running smoothly and efficiently.

o Collect the filtered sample in a clean, sterile container.

6. Post-Operation:
 o After completing the filtration process, turn off the vacuum or pressure source.

o Carefully remove the filter membrane and dispose of it according to the

manufacturer's instructions.

o Clean the filtration assembly and any other components that came into contact with
the sample to prevent contamination.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the Millipore Filtration Assembly:

• Regularly inspect the assembly for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Ensure that the filter membranes and holders are clean and free from contaminants.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the filter membranes and checking
the vacuum or pressure source.

• Calibrate the filtration assembly periodically to ensure accurate performance.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the filtration assembly with care during installation and
maintenance to avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Contamination: Ensure that all components are clean and free from contaminants
to maintain the purity of the samples.

3. Electrical Safety: Ensure the vacuum or pressure source is properly grounded and avoid
using extension cords.

4. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the assembly from the vacuum or pressure
source before performing any maintenance or cleaning.

5. Sample Safety: Label all samples clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper handling.

Applications
The Millipore Filtration Assembly is ideal for laboratory use, providing efficient and reliable
filtration for various applications, including:

• Microbiological Cultures: Filtering bacterial cultures and reagents.

• Chemical Reactions: Ensuring thorough separation of chemical solutions.

• Biological Assays: Preparing samples for ELISA and other biological assays.

• General Laboratory Use: Filtering a wide range of liquids in test tubes and microtubes.

Instrument NO. 16

Gene Amp PCR System 9700

Purpose

The Gene Amp PCR System 9700 is designed for high-performance polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) applications. It provides precise temperature control and uniformity, essential for the
amplification of DNA and RNA samples in various research and clinical applications.

Scope

This document applies to laboratory personnel using the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 for PCR
amplification. It covers the procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and safety
precautions to ensure effective and safe use in a laboratory environment.
Principle

The GeneAmp PCR System 9700 operates based on the principle of thermal cycling, which
involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to denature DNA, anneal primers, and extend the
DNA strands. The system uses a Peltier-based heating and cooling block for precise temperature
control, ensuring uniform thermal cycling and consistent results.

Working Instructions

1. Preparation:

o Place the PCR system on a stable, level surface to prevent vibrations and ensure
proper functioning.

o Ensure all connections, including power supply and data transfer cables, are secure
and meet the manufacturer's specifications.

2. Starting the System:

o Turn on the power supply to the PCR system.

o Allow the system to warm up as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

o Ensure the software is installed and properly configured on the connected computer.

3. Loading Samples:

o Prepare the PCR reagents and samples according to the assay protocol.

o Load the reaction tubes or plates into the thermal cycler, ensuring proper alignment
and placement in the designated slots.

4. Setting Parameters:

o Use the touch screen control panel to set the desired PCR parameters, including
initial denaturation, annealing, extension temperatures, and cycle numbers.

o Input the necessary information using the touch screen and ensure all settings are
correct.

5. Operation:
 o Start the PCR run by pressing the appropriate button on the control panel.

o Monitor the PCR process on the display screen to ensure it is running smoothly.

o Wait for the system to complete the thermal cycling and display the results.

6. Post-Operation:

o After the PCR run is complete, carefully remove the reaction tubes or plates from
the thermal cycler.

o Clean the thermal cycler and any other areas that may have come into contact with
the samples.

o Document the test results and any maintenance activities in the laboratory log.

Quality Management

To maintain the efficiency and performance of the GeneAmp PCR System 9700:

• Regularly inspect the thermal cycler for any physical damage, wear, or residues that could
impact its performance.

• Ensure that the touch screen and heating/cooling block are clean and free from
contaminants.

• Perform routine maintenance checks, including cleaning the heating block and verifying
the temperature accuracy.

• Calibrate the system periodically to ensure accurate temperature control and uniform
thermal cycling.

Precautions

1. Proper Handling: Handle the thermal cycler with care during installation and maintenance
to avoid physical damage.

2. Avoid Contamination: Ensure that all components are clean and free from contaminants
to maintain the integrity of the samples.
 3. Electrical Safety: Plug the PCR system directly into a grounded electrical outlet and avoid
using extension cords.

4. Safety During Maintenance: Disconnect the PCR system from the power supply before
performing any maintenance or cleaning.

5. Sample Safety: Label all samples clearly to avoid mix-ups and ensure proper handling.

Applications

The GeneAmp PCR System 9700 is ideal for laboratory use, providing accurate and reliable
amplification of DNA and RNA samples for various applications, including:

• Genetic Research: Amplifying specific DNA sequences for cloning, sequencing, and
analysis.

• Clinical Diagnostics: Detecting and quantifying pathogens, genetic mutations, and other
biomarkers.

• Forensic Science: Analyzing DNA evidence for identification and comparison.

• Molecular Biology: Studying gene expression, regulation, and interactions.