August 31, 2025 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam
(Weekly vocabulary compilation)
FROM 25 AUG 2025 TO 30 AUG 2025

For all competitive Exams

Bank (Po & clerk), IB ACIO, NDA, CDS, SSC (CGL, MTS, CHSL), MBA, Hotel Management, MCA, UPSC,
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Contents
Part - A
The Hindu editorial: Targeting research (25 AUG 2025) ........................................................................................4
The Hindu editorial: Man-made famine: On the state of Gaza. (26 AUG 2025) .............................................7
The Hindu editorial: Friends and foes: On Bangladesh-Pakistan ties (27 AUG 2025) ............................. 10
The Hindu editorial: Imagined righteousness (28 AUG 2025) ........................................................................... 13
The Economic times Editorial: When you complain (29 AUG 2025) ............................................................... 16
The Hindu Editorial: Déjà vu: on India’s monsoon vulnerabilities. (30 AUG 2025) .................................. 17
Part - B
The Indian Express editorial: SC’s revised order on stray dogs (25 AUG 2025)......................................... 21
The Economic times editorial: Magic of zero (26 AUG 2025) ............................................................................. 23
The Economic times editorial: Teacher burnout (27 AUG 2025)...................................................................... 25
The Hindu editorial: Not truly open: On tennis and the U.S. Open ( 28 AUG 2025) .................................. 28
The Times of India editorial: Be your own devil’s advocate, eliminate bias (29 AUG 2025) ................ 30
The Times of India editorial: Forgiving is freedom (30 AUG 2025) ................................................................ 33
Part - C
The Indian Express editorial: Inflation targeting regime has worked well (25 AUG 2025) ................. 36
The Indian Express editorial: Blanket ban on online money (26 AUG 2025) .............................................. 38
The Indian Express editorial: It’s time to decontrol the fertiliser sector (27 AUG 2025) ...................... 40
The Business line editorial: A better FIT (28 AUG 2025) .................................................................................... 42
The Pioneer Editorial: Keeping up with the Joneses (29 AUG 2025) ............................................................. 44
The Indian Express Editorial: A recent study has found that bees (30 AUG 2025) .................................. 46

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(The Hindu editorial: Targeting research (25 AUG 2025)

1. Reflect (verb) – indicate, show, mirror, 11. Inflate (verb) – exaggerate, overstate,
reveal, signal दर्शा नश pad, magnify, jack up बढश-चढशकर
धदखशनश
2. Misinterpretation (noun) – misreading,
misconstruction, misunderstanding, 12. Insinuation (noun) – innuendo, hint,
false reading, wrong inference गलत insinuated slur, sly suggestion, veiled
व्यशख्यश allegation उकसशवश, परोक्ष संकेत

3. Malicious (adjective) – spiteful, 13. Echo (verb) – Reverberate, rebound,

malevolent, ill-intentioned, vindictive, resonate, reiterate, गूंजनश/दु हरशनश
pernicious दु रशर्यी
14. Mete out (phrasal verb) – dispense,
4. Misinformation (noun) – falsehood, administer, dole out, hand out, allot
false data, incorrect info, fake news, दे नश
disinformation भ्रशमक सूचनश
15. Premier (adjective) – leading, top-tier,
5. Associated (with) (adjective) – foremost, pre-eminent, flagship प्रमुख
connected, linked, related, affiliated,
16. Result in (phrasal verb) – lead to,
tied संबंधधत
cause, bring about, culminate in, yield
6. Erosion (noun) – deterioration, पररणशम दे नश
weakening, attrition, wearing-away,
17. Tax-exempt status (noun) – exemption
decline क्षरण
status, tax-free status, non-taxable
7. Trigger (noun) – catalyst, spark, cause, category, fiscal exemption, tax
provocation, instigator कशरक immunity कर-मुक्त दजशा

8. Erroneous (adjective) – wrong, 18. Coordinated (adjective) – harmonised,

inaccurate, mistaken, fallacious, faulty aligned, orchestrated, unified,
त्रुधिपूणा concerted समन्वित

9. Electoral roll (noun) – voter list, voters’ 19. Silence (verb) – muzzle, stifle, gag, shut
register, electoral register, roll of down, quieten चुप करशनश
electors, voter database मतदशतश सूची
20. Address (verb) – tackle, deal with,
10. Weaponise (verb) – militarise, arm, confront, respond to, attend to धनपिशनश
deploy as a weapon, instrumentalise,
21. Lead (to) (verb) – cause, give rise to,
turn against हधथयशर बनशनश
result in, produce, induce कश कशरण
बननश

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22. Serve (verb) – function, act, operate, 32. Acknowledge (verb) – admit, accept,
fulfill a role, serve as कशया करनश concede, recognise, own up स्वीकशर
करनश
23. Vital (adjective) – essential, crucial,
indispensable, pivotal, key अत्यशवश्यक 33. Cohort (noun) – group, segment,
category, constituency, demographic
24. Empirical (adjective) – data-driven,
समूह
evidence-based, observational,
measured, experiential अनुभवजन्य/ 34. Onerous (adjective) – burdensome,
प्रयोगधसद्ध taxing, heavy, arduous, exacting दु ष्कर

25. Implication (noun) – consequence, 35. In the event of (phrase) – in case of,
upshot, ramification, import, meaning should there be, if there is, upon, in
धनधहतशथा occurrence of की न्विधत में

26. Comprehensive (adjective) – 36. Characterise (verb) – describe, portray,

exhaustive, wide-ranging, all- depict, brand, label वधणात करनश
encompassing, thorough, complete
37. Malign (verb) – defame, vilify, slander,
व्यशपक
smear, traduce बदनशम करनश
27. Archive (noun) – repository, records
vault, data bank, depository, collection 38. Effectiveness (noun) – efficacy, impact,
potency, usefulness, performance
अधभलेखशगशर
प्रभशवर्ीलतश
28. Rigorous (adjective) – strict, exacting,
39. Assess (verb) – evaluate, appraise,
stringent, robust, meticulous कठोर
gauge, measure, review आकलन करनश
29. Large-scale (adjective) – extensive,
nationwide, broad-based, mass, wide- 40. Transparent (adjective) – open, clear,
accountable, see-through, forthright
scale बडे पैमशने कश
पशरदर्ी
30. Special Intensive Revision (SIR) (noun)
– A focused exercise by the Election 41. Undermine (verb) – weaken, erode,
Commission to update and verify voter sabotage, impair, undercut कमजोर
details, ensuring accuracy and करनश
transparency in the electoral process.
42. Apparatus (noun) – machinery,
31. Exemplify (verb) – illustrate, framework, system, setup, institutional
demonstrate, typify, show, epitomise machinery तंत्र
उदशहरण दे नश

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43. Suppress (verb) – withhold, stifle, bury, 47. Desperately (adverb) – urgently,
conceal, quash दबश दे नश acutely, pressingly, intensely, severely
बेहद
44. Point to (phrasal verb) – indicate,
suggest, signal, highlight, allude to 48. The kind of (phrase) – such, the sort of,
संकेत करनश the type of, the variety of, that kind of
धजस तरह कश
45. Discomfort (noun) – unease, disquiet,
anxiety, restlessness, awkwardness 49. Good governance (noun) – the process
असहजतश by which public institutions effectively,
efficiently, and equitably meet society's
46. Navigate (verb) – steer, manage, needs while being transparent,
negotiate, handle, work through accountable, and responsive to its
सँभशलनश/मशगादर्ान करनश citizens सुर्शसन

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The Hindu editorial: Man-made famine: On the state of Gaza.

(26 AUG 2025)
1. State (noun) – condition, situation, poor nutrition, nutrient deficiency,
plight, status, circumstances न्विधत wasting कुपोषण

2. Annihilate (verb) – destroy, obliterate, 11. Wage (verb) – conduct, prosecute,

wipe out, exterminate, eradicate नष्ट carry on, pursue, mount (a war) युद्ध
करनश छे डनश

3. Starvation (noun) – famine-hunger, 12. Genocidal (adjective) – exterminatory,

extreme hunger, deprivation, famine annihilatory, mass-murderous, ethnic-
death, hunger crisis भूखमरी cleansing, genocidal-scale नरसंहशरक

4. Aid (noun) – assistance, relief, help, 13. Ally (noun) – partner, supporter,
humanitarian support, succor रशहत backer, confederate, friendly state
सहयोगी
5. Enclave (noun) – enclosed area, pocket
territory, territory-within, enclave 14. Token (adjective) – symbolic,
region, isolated zone धघरश हुआ क्षेत्र perfunctory, nominal, cosmetic,
superficial धदखशविी
6. On the brink of (phrase) – on the verge
of, close to, nearing, on the edge of, 15. UN-backed (adjective) – UN-supported,
about to कगशर पर UN-endorsed, UN-sponsored, UN-
approved, UN-validated संयुक्त रशष्टर
7. Famine (noun) – extreme food
समधथात
shortage, starvation crisis, dearth,
scarcity of food, hunger catastrophe 16. Entirely (adverb) – completely, wholly,
अकशल fully, utterly, totally पूरी तरह

8. Heartbreaking (adjective) – 17. Unfold (verb) – develop, transpire, play

heartrending, tragic, wrenching, out, emerge, take shape प्रकि होनश
distressing, agonizing हृदयधवदशरक
18. Acutely (adverb) – severely, intensely,
9. Pour out (phrasal verb) – flood out, gravely, sharply, profoundly तीव्र रूप से
spill out, stream out, flow out, gush out
उमड पडनश 19. Malnourished (adjective) –
undernourished, underfed, wasted,
10. Malnutrition (noun) – stunted, emaciated कुपोधषत
undernourishment, undernutrition,
20. State (verb) – declare, say, assert, note,
specify कहनश

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21. Devastating (adjective) – catastrophic, 32. Shoot down (phrasal verb) – gun down,
destructive, shattering, ruinous, fire upon, kill by shooting, open fire on,
calamitous धवनशर्कशरी mow down गोली मशर धगरशनश

22. Reputed (adjective) – renowned, 33. Mounting (adjective) – increasing,

reputable, well-regarded, respected, rising, escalating, growing, intensifying
distinguished प्रधतधित बढती हुई

23. Regime (noun) – government, 34. Allegation (noun) – accusation, charge,

administration, rule, ruling authority, claim, assertion, contention आरोप
governing system र्शसन
35. Put forward (phrasal verb) – propose,
24. Impose (verb) – enforce, institute, advance, present, submit, table
apply, decree, exact थोपनश प्रस्तशधवत करनश

25. Blockade (noun) – siege, embargo, 36. Intensify (verb) – escalate, heighten,
cordon, closure, interdiction नशकशबंदी step up, amplify, redouble तेज़ करनश

26. Tighten (verb) – toughen, harden, 37. Unfold (verb) – unfold again: evolve,
stiffen, strengthen, intensify कडश करनश materialize, reveal itself, come to pass,
progress धवकधसत होनश
27. Ceasefire (noun) – truce, armistice,
cessation of hostilities, pause in 38. Stated (adjective) – declared,
fighting, peace stopgap युद्धधवरशम announced, avowed, proclaimed,
official घोधषत
28. Plunge (verb) – push into, drive into,
hurl into, thrust into, sink into धकेल 39. Hostage (noun) – captive, detainee,
दे नश prisoner, pawn, abductee बंधक

29. Acute (adjective) – severe, intense, 40. Point to (phrasal verb) – indicate,
grave, extreme, critical गंभीर suggest, signal, evidence, allude to
संकेत करनश
30. Desperate (adjective) – frantic,
hopeless, anguished, distressed, panic- 41. Intent (noun) – intention, purpose,
stricken हतशर् aim, design, objective इरशदश

31. Rush to (phrasal verb) – flock to, surge 42. Brutal (adjective) – cruel, savage,
to, hurry to, crowd to, run to उमड ruthless, barbaric, inhumane क्रूर
पडनश
43. Devastating (adjective) – devastating
again: devastatingly destructive,

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wrecking, crushing, obliterating, overwhelming ध्वंसकशरी

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The Hindu editorial: Friends and foes: On Bangladesh-Pakistan

ties (27 AUG 2025)
1. Foe (noun) – enemy, adversary, 12. Collude (verb) – conspire, connive, plot,
opponent, rival, antagonist दु श्मन scheme, collaborate (illicitly) धमलीभगत
करनश
2. Ties (noun) – relations, links,
connections, bonds, relationshp संबंध 13. Liberation (noun) – independence,
freedom, emancipation, deliverance,
3. Void (noun) – vacuum, gap, emptiness,
release मुन्वक्त
lacuna, blank र्ून्य/ खशलीपन
14. Assassination (noun) – killing, murder,
4. Alienation (noun) – estrangement,
slaying, liquidation, political killing हत्यश
distancing, detachment, isolation,
(रशजनीधतक)
disaffection अलगशव
15. Expulsion (noun) – ejection, ouster,
5. Interim (adjective) – provisional,
removal, deportation, dismissal
temporary, stopgap, caretaker, ad hoc
धनष्कशसन
अंतररम
16. Diplomat (noun) – ambassador, envoy,
6. Hold talks (phrase) – negotiate, confer,
emissary, representative,
engage in dialogue, discuss, parley वशतशा
plenipotentiary रशजनधयक
करनश
17. Recall (verb) – withdraw, call back,
7. Counterpart (noun) – opposite number,
summon back, bring home, retract
peer, equivalent, fellow official,
वशपस बुलशनश
analogue समकक्ष
18. Hanging (noun) – execution, capital
8. Ties (noun) – relations, links,
punishment, death by rope, gallows
connections, bonds, engagements संबंध
sentence, strangulation फशं सी
9. Tense (adjective) – strained, fraught,
19. Guilty (noun) – culprit, offender,
edgy, uneasy, taut तनशवपूणा
convict, wrongdoer, felon दोषी
10. Strain (noun) – tension, stress,
20. Collusion (noun) – conspiracy,
pressure, friction, strain दबशव connivance, complicity, secret
11. Prosecution (noun) – legal action, trial, cooperation, cahoots सशँ ठगशँ ठ
proceedings, indictment, arraignment
21. Restore (verb) – reinstate, reestablish,
अधभयोजन
resume, bring back, normalize बहशल
करनश

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22. Envoy (noun) – emissary, ambassador, 33. Compensation (noun) – reparation,

representative, delegate, messenger दू त damages, indemnification, recompense,
remuneration मुआवज़श
23. Ouster (noun) – removal, unseating,
dismissal, displacement, overthrow 34. Repatriation (noun) – return,
पदच्युधत homecoming, sending back,
resettlement, relocation स्वदे र्-वशपसी
24. Nudge (verb) – prod, prompt,
encourage, coax, push gently िहोकश दे नश 35. Stranded (adjective) – marooned, stuck,
isolated, abandoned, helpless फँसश हुआ
25. Convene (verb) – assemble, summon,
call, gather, bring together बुलशनश 36. Migrate (verb) – relocate, move,
resettle, emigrate, shift प्रवशस करनश
26. Trilateral (adjective) – three-way,
tripartite, three-party, three-sided, 37. Allegiance (noun) – loyalty, fealty,
triangular धत्रपक्षीय fidelity, adherence, devotion धनिश

27. Mechanism (noun) – framework, 38. Call for (phrasal verb) – demand,
apparatus, system, process, setup तंत्र require, seek, urge, request मशं ग करनश

28. Facilitation (noun) – easing, enabling, 39. Strengthen (verb) – bolster, reinforce,
assistance, streamlining, simplification fortify, deepen, enhance मज़बूत करनश
सुगमकरण
40. Eye (verb) – watch, monitor, observe,
29. Reparation (noun) – compensation, regard, consider नज़र रखनश
restitution, redress, indemnity, amends
41. Thaw (noun) – détente, easing,
क्षधतपूधता
warming, relaxation, softening धपघलशव
30. Apology (noun) – regret, remorse, (ररश्ों में)
acknowledgment of fault, contrition,
mea culpa क्षमशयशचनश 42. Suspicion (noun) – doubt, misgiving,
distrust, skepticism, wariness संदेह
31. Genocide (noun) – mass extermination,
ethnic cleansing, mass murder, 43. Given (preposition) – considering, in
annihilation, holocaust नरसंहशर view of, in light of, owing to, because of
के मद्दे नज़र
32. Perpetrate (verb) – commit, carry out,
execute, inflict, unleash अंजशम दे नश 44. Cut out (phrasal verb) – exclude, shut
out, leave out, sideline, ostracize अलग
कर दे नश

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45. Bruise (verb) – hurt, wound, injure, fringes of, on the periphery of,
batter, dent आहत करनश alongside the main event इतर कशयाक्रम
के दौरशन
46. Bonhomie (noun) – friendliness,
cordiality, camaraderie, geniality, 54. Contemplate (verb) – consider, ponder,
goodwill सौहशर्द्ा mull, deliberate, weigh मनन करनश

47. Erstwhile (adjective) – former, previous, 55. Broaden (verb) – widen, expand,
earlier, one-time, ex- पूवा extend, diversify, enlarge व्यशपक करनश

48. Ally (noun) – partner, friend, supporter, 56. Engagement (noun) – involvement,
confederate, associate सहयोगी interaction, outreach, participation,
dealings सहभशधगतश
49. South Block (noun) – the Prime
Minister's Office, Ministry of Defence 57. Nudge (verb) – coax or gently
and the Ministry of External Affairs. encourage (someone) to do something.
दधक्षण ब्लॉक (धवदे र्-मंत्रशलय/पीएमओ प्रोत्सशधहत करनश
भवन)
58. Inclusive (adjective) – broad-based,
50. Prism (noun) – lens, perspective, participatory, all-encompassing,
viewpoint, frame, angle दृधष्टकोण representative, non-exclusionary
समशवेर्ी
51. Step into (phrasal verb) – enter, move
into, fill, assume, take over प्रवेर् करनश 59. Hold sway (phrase) – dominate, prevail,
command influence, exert control, be
52. Breach (noun) – gap, vacuum, opening, ascendant प्रभुत्व रखनश
lacuna, void दरशर
60. Bilateral (adjective) – two-way, two-
53. On the side-lines of (phrase) – on the sided, mutual, reciprocal, dyadic
margins of, parallel to, during the धिपक्षीय

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The Hindu editorial: Imagined righteousness (28 AUG 2025)

1. Righteousness (noun) – virtue, 12. Egg on (phrasal verb) – incite, goad,
rectitude, morality, probity, spur, prod, encourage उकसशनश
uprightness धमाधनिश
13. Encroach (on) (verb) – intrude,
2. Untram melled (adjective) – trespass, infringe, overstep, invade
unchecked, unconstrained, अधतक्रमण करनश
unrestrained, unfettered, unbridled
14. Grey area (noun) – ambiguity,
धनरं कुर्
vagueness, uncertainty, no-man’s-land,
3. Urge (verb) – exhort, press, prod, limbo अस्पष्ट क्षेत्र
encourage, implore आग्रह करनश
15. Statutory (adjective) – legal, legislated,
4. Seek (verb) – aim for, pursue, mandated, codified, lawful वैधशधनक
endeavour to, strive for, attempt प्रयशस
16. Undermine (verb) – weaken, erode,
करनश
subvert, impair, sabotage कमजोर करनश
5. Empower (verb) – authorize, enable,
17. Regard (verb) – consider, view, deem,
vest, entitle, strengthen सर्क्त करनश
treat, see मशननश
6. Weaponise (verb) – exploit,
18. Distasteful (adjective) – offensive,
instrumentalise, arm, turn into a
objectionable, unpleasant, unpalatable,
weapon, deploy हधथयशर बनशनश
disagreeable अरुधचकर
7. Petition (noun) – plea, application,
19. Humour (noun) – comedy, wit, jesting,
writ, appeal, supplication यशधचकश
fun, jocularity हशस्य
8. Assail (verb) – attack, criticize, berate,
20. Deceptive (adjective) – misleading,
lambast, denounce आलोचनश करनश
illusory, specious, duplicitous, delusive
9. Derogatory (adjective) – disparaging, भ्रशमक
insulting, demeaning, pejorative,
21. Progressive (adjective) – liberal,
slurring अपमशनजनक
reformist, forward-looking, modern,
10. Remark (noun) – comment, statement, enlightened प्रगधतर्ील
observation, note, utterance धिप्पणी
22. Unpleasant (adjective) – disagreeable,
11. Problematic (adjective) – troublesome, nasty, distasteful, objectionable,
contentious, fraught, dubious, vexing unwelcome अधप्रय
समस्यशजनक

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23. Wield (verb) – exercise, exert, use, 34. Explore (verb) – examine, probe,
command, deploy प्रयोग करनश investigate, delve into, survey खोजनश

24. Ferociously (adverb) – fiercely, 35. Deal with (phrasal verb) – handle,
vigorously, aggressively, savagely, address, tackle, manage, contend with
vehemently उग्रतशपूवाक धनपिनश

25. Instrumentalise (verb) – exploit, 36. Carry out (phrasal verb) – execute,
harness, use, appropriate, co-opt सशधन implement, perform, conduct,
बनशनश undertake कशयशा न्वित करनश

26. Suppress (verb) – stifle, quash, muzzle, 37. Amendment (noun) – modification,
repress, silence दबशनश revision, alteration, change, update
संर्ोधन
27. Overbearing (adjective) – domineering,
heavy-handed, authoritarian, 38. Proceed (verb) – move ahead, go
oppressive, high-handed दमनकशरी forward, act, advance, pursue आगे
बढनश
28. Atmosphere (noun) – climate,
environment, mood, ambience, milieu 39. Flag (verb) – mark, highlight, signal,
मशहौल identify, red-flag धचधह्नत करनश

29. Censored (adjective) – restricted, 40. Ambition (noun) – aim, aspiration,

redacted, suppressed, vetted, curtailed objective, goal, design महत्त्वशकशं क्षश
प्रधतबंधधत
41. Incite (verb) – provoke, instigate, spur,
30. Reckon (with) (verb) – confront, foment, egg on भडकशनश
contend with, account for,
42. Criminalise (verb) – outlaw, prohibit,
acknowledge, deal with सशमनश करनश
penalise, illegalise, proscribe अपरशध
31. Stifle (verb) – smother, choke, घोधषत करनश
suppress, quell, muzzle दबश दे नश
43. Disadvantaged (adjective) –
32. Asterisk (noun) – star mark, star marginalised, underprivileged,
symbol, footnote mark, star, notation deprived, vulnerable, poorer वंधचत
तशरक-धचह्न
44. Avenue (noun) – channel, route,
33. Liberty (noun) – freedom, autonomy, pathway, means, option मशगा
independence, rights, freewill स्वतंत्रतश
45. Recourse (noun) – remedy, redress,
resort, option, appeal सहशरश

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46. Legitimately (adverb) – lawfully, 49. Procurement (noun) – acquisition,

rightfully, justifiably, validly, properly sourcing, purchase, obtaining, buying
धवधधसम्मत रूप से क्रय

47. Mala fide (adjective) – bad-faith, 50. Misperceive (verb) – misunderstand,

dishonest, malicious, ulterior, ill- misread, misconstrue, misinterpret,
intentioned दु भशा वनशपूणा mistake गलत समझनश

48. Weaponisation (noun) – militarisation, 51. Lord (noun) – master, overlord, ruler,
arming, exploitation-as-weapon, potentate, sovereign प्रभु
instrumentalisation, deployment
52. Feudal (adjective) – aristocratic,
हधथयशरकरण
manorial, lordly, medieval, pre-modern
पुरशने जमशने कश।

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The Economic times Editorial: When you complain (29 AUG 2025)
1. The whining kind (noun) – complainer, 12. "If you break your neck…" (phrase) – some
grumbler, moaner, grouser, bellyacher issues are fundamental and require
शिकायत करने वाला व्यक्ति immediate attention, while others are
minor inconveniences in comparison गंभीर
2. Remark (verb) – say, state, comment,
समस्या (तुलना में समझाने के शलए प्रयुि
note, observe शिप्पणी करना
मुहावरा)
3. Embarrass (verb) – humiliate, shame,
13. Inconvenience (noun) – trouble, bother,
mortify, abash, unsettle िशमिंदा करना
hassle, annoyance, disruption असुशवधा
4. Minor (adjective) – small, insignificant,
14. Inconvenient (adjective) – troublesome,
trivial, negligible, slight छोिा
untimely, awkward, ill-timed, unsuitable
5. Lasting (adjective) – enduring, permanent, असुशवधाजनक
continuing, persistent, timeless स्थायी
15. Lumpy (adjective) – uneven, bumpy,
6. Whiner (noun) – complainer, grumbler, clumpy, coarse, gritty गुठलीदार / ढे लेदार
moaner, whimperer, kvetch रोने-धोने वाला
16. Lump (noun) – bump, swelling, mass,
/ शिकायतकताा
node, protuberance गांठ
7. Major (adjective) – important, significant,
17. Oatmeal (noun) – porridge, cereal, gruel,
serious, critical, essential प्रमुख / बडा
oats preparation, breakfast mush दशलया
8. Perception (noun) – understanding,
18. Tend (to) (verb) – be likely to, lean
insight, awareness, viewpoint,
towards, incline, usually do, have a habit of
interpretation धारणा / समझ
प्रवृत्त होना
9. Fortitude (noun) – courage, resilience,
19. Sage (noun) – wise person, philosopher,
endurance, strength, bravery धैया /
seer, guru, thinker ऋशि / ज्ञानी
सहनिीलता
20. Griping (noun) – complaining, whining,
10. Pleasant (adjective) – nice, friendly,
moaning, fussing, nagging शिकायत करना
agreeable, charming, delightful सुखद /
मनभावन 21. Miserable (adjective) – unhappy,
wretched, gloomy, dismal, sorrowful दु खी
11. Compassionate (adjective) – kind,
empathetic, caring, humane, sympathetic 22. Whine (verb) – complain, moan, grumble,
दयालु / करुणामय murmur, protest कराहना / रोना

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The Hindu Editorial: Déjà vu: on India’s monsoon vulnerabilities. (30

AUG 2025)
1. Déjà vu (noun) – sense of repetition, 12. The extremes (noun) – polarities,
familiar feeling, seen-it-before feeling, opposite ends, outer limits, highs and
recurrence, repeat-echo पहले जैसश lows, far ends अत्यंत सीमशएँ
अनुभव
13. Burst (noun) – a period of continuous
2. Vulnerability (noun) – susceptibility, and intense effort. धवस्फोि
exposure, fragility, weakness, risk
14. Overwhelming (adjective) –
असुरक्षश
overpowering, crushing, inundating,
3. Trail (noun) – wake, path, track, enormous, staggering अत्यधधक
aftermath, trace धनर्शन
15. Fragile (adjective) – delicate, brittle,
4. Cut off (phrasal verb) – isolate, sever, flimsy, frail, tender नशज़ुक
disconnect, block, maroon अलग कर
16. Slope (noun) – incline, hillside,
दे नश
gradient, escarpment, bank ढलशन
5. Swollen (adjective) – engorged,
17. Burst (verb) – break, rupture, split,
bloated, brimming, surging, overfull
explode, overtop फूि पडनश
उफनश हुआ
18. Bank (noun) – riverbank, embankment,
6. Breach (verb) – break, overtop, burst
levee, shore, verge ति
through, violate, rupture तोडनश
19. Erraticism (noun) – irregularity,
7. Mark (noun) – level, gauge,
volatility, capriciousness, inconsistency,
benchmark, line, threshold स्तर
unpredictability अधनयधमततश
8. Inundate (verb) – flood, submerge,
20. Geography (noun) – region, terrain,
deluge, swamp, drown जलमग्न होनश
landscape, area, topography भूक्षेत्र
9. Surging (adjective) – rising, swelling,
21. Unpredictability (noun) – uncertainty,
rushing, mounting, rapidly increasing
variability, randomness, indeterminacy,
तेजी से बढतश
unreliability अधनधिततश
10. Intensity (noun) – severity, force,
22. Intense (adjective) – severe, heavy,
strength, magnitude, ferocity तीव्रतश
fierce, extreme, torrential भीषण
11. Swing (verb) – fluctuate, oscillate, vary,
23. Amplify (verb) – magnify, heighten,
seesaw, veer उतशर-चढशव होनश
intensify, exacerbate, escalate बढश दे नश

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24. Erosion (noun) – scouring, wear, 34. Distract (verb) – divert, sidetrack,
degradation, denudation, washout deflect, draw away, mislead भिकशनश
किशव
35. Learn the lesson (phrase) – take heed,
25. Destabilise (verb) – unsettle, weaken, draw lessons, internalize learning, heed
undermine, unbalance, loosen अन्विर warnings, absorb the lesson सबक
करनश सीखनश

26. Confine (to) (adjective) – limited to, 36. Sans (preposition) – without, lacking,
restricted to, bounded to, minus, devoid of, free of के धबनश
circumscribed to, contained to तक
37. Irreversibly (adverb) – permanently,
सीधमत
irrevocably, irretrievably, unalterably,
27. Recurring (adjective) – repeated, conclusively अपररवतानीय रूप से
periodic, frequent, cyclical, continual
38. Catchment (noun) – watershed,
बशर-बशर होने वशलश
drainage basin, river basin, catchment
28. Imperative (noun) – necessity, urgent area, feeder area जलशगम क्षेत्र
need, priority, must, obligation
39. Buffering capacity (noun) – absorptive
आवश्यकतश
capacity, holding capacity, dampening
29. Unforeseeable (adjective) – capacity, resilience, storage capacity
unpredictable, unforeseen, अवर्ोषण क्षमतश
incalculable, unknowable, unexpected
40. Shrink (verb) – contract, diminish,
अपूवशा नुमेय
dwindle, reduce, narrow कम होनश
30. At hand (phrase) – imminent, near,
41. Silt (noun) – sediment, alluvium, mud,
within reach, present, close by धनकि
deposit, sludge गशद
31. Frame (verb) – present, cast,
42. Accumulate (verb) – build up, gather,
formulate, construct, articulate प्रस्तुत
pile up, amass, collect जमनश
करनश
43. Evacuation (noun) – removal,
32. Calamity (noun) – disaster,
relocation, clearance, withdrawal,
catastrophe, crisis, tragedy, debacle
rescue धनकशसी
आपदश
44. Architecture (noun) – framework,
33. Unprecedented (adjective) –
structure, system, design, setup ढशँ चश
unparalleled, never-before,
unmatched, novel, extraordinary
अभूतपूवा

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45. Mobilise (verb) – deploy, muster, 56. Rehabilitation (noun) – restoration,

activate, rally, organize जुिशनश resettlement, recovery, remediation,
rebuilding पुनवशा स
46. Preparedness (noun) – readiness,
readiness level, preplanning, readiness 57. Attribute (noun) – quality,
posture, alertness तत्परतश characteristic, feature, property, trait
गुण
47. Pursue (verb) – implement, undertake,
advance, push, follow अमल करनश 58. Cumulative (adjective) – aggregate,
combined, overall, additive, accruing
48. Strategic (adjective) – priority, long-
संचयी
term, key, defense-critical, high-stakes
रणनीधतक 59. Denuded (adjective) – stripped,
deforested, bared, removed, lay waste
49. Repeatedly (adverb) – again and again,
उजडश हुआ
time and again, frequently,
persistently, continually बशर-बशर 60. Sustainable (adjective) – durable, long-
term, viable, enduring, eco-friendly
50. Flag (verb) – highlight, signal, point out,
धिकशऊ
raise, mark धचधह्नत करनश
61. Mitigation (noun) – reduction,
51. Unstable (adjective) – shaky, alleviation, abatement, minimisation,
precarious, insecure, unsound, volatile
risk-limitation र्मन
अन्विर
62. Acclaim (verb) – praise, hail, applaud,
52. Climate-resilient (adjective) – climate-
laud, celebrate प्रर्ंसश करनश
robust, adaptive, climate-proof,
climate-hardy, resilient-to-climate 63. Post facto (preposition) – after the
जलवशयु -अनुकूल fact, retrospectively, ex post, later,
subsequently घिनश के बशद
53. Infrastructure (noun) – public works,
systems, facilities, networks, built 64. Beforehand (adverb) – in advance,
environment बुधनयशदी ढशँ चश earlier, prior, ahead of time, pre-
emptively पहले से
54. Lag (verb) – fall behind, trail, slow, drift
behind, underperform पीछे रहनश 65. Overdue (adjective) – belated, long-
delayed, pending, past-due, tardy लंबे
55. Afforestation (noun) – forestation, समय से लंधबत
tree-planting, greening, replantation,
plantation drive वनीकरण

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The Indian Express editorial: SC’s revised order on stray dogs (25
AUG 2025)
1. Open up (phrasal verb) – create, enable, 12. Strike a balance (phrase) – find middle
widen, clear the way, make room रशस्तश ground, reconcile, harmonise, calibrate,
खोलनश balance out संतुलन सशधनश

2. Furore (noun) – uproar, outcry, commotion, 13. Establish (verb) – set up, institute, found,
brouhaha, furor कोलशहल constitute, enact िशधपत करनश

3. Following (preposition) – after, subsequent 14. Direction (noun) – instruction, order,

to, in the wake of, pursuant to, post के बशद directive, mandate, guideline धनदे र्

4. Direct (verb) – order, instruct, mandate, 15. Sterilise (verb) – neuter, spay, castrate,
enjoin, decree आदे र् दे नश desex, make infertile नसबंदी करनश

5. Deep (adjective) – profound, intense, acute, 16. Suspect (verb) – presume, believe, suppose,
entrenched, severe गहरश deem likely, consider संदेह करनश

6. Polarisation (noun) – division, split, 17. Temper (noun) – anger, ire, rage, agitation,
bifurcation, hardening of positions, mood क्रोध
partisanship ध्रुवीकरण
18. Calm down (phrasal verb) – cool off, settle,
7. Attitude (noun) – stance, outlook, view, de-escalate, ease, pacify र्शं त होनश
disposition, mindset रवैयश
19. Sustainable (adjective) – durable, viable,
8. Modification (noun) – change, alteration, long-term, enduring, maintainable धिकशऊ
revision, amendment, adjustment संर्ोधन
20. Humane (adjective) – compassionate, kind,
9. Thoughtful (adjective) – considered, merciful, benevolent, considerate मशनवीय
judicious, measured, reflective, prudent
21. Stubborn (adjective) – obstinate, intractable,
धववेकपूणा
persistent, tenacious, hard-to-solve धजद्दी
10. Bench (noun) – a judge or magistrate
22. Acknowledgement (noun) – admission,
presiding over a particular case. पीठ
recognition, acceptance, concession, note
11. Reserve (verb) – retain or hold (a right or स्वीकशरोन्वक्त
entitlement), especially by formal or legal
23. Introspection (noun) – self-examination,
stipulation सुरधक्षत रखनश
reflection, soul-searching, self-scrutiny, self-
audit आत्ममंथन

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24. Paucity (noun) – shortage, scarcity, dearth, 31. Lasting (adjective) – enduring, durable,
insufficiency, lack कमी persistent, long-lasting, abiding िशयी

25. Will (noun) – resolve, intent, determination, 32. Seek (verb) – request, solicit, ask for, enlist,
willingness, political will इच्छशर्न्वक्त call upon मशँ गनश

26. Hobble (verb) – hinder, hamper, impede, 33. Rubbish bin (noun) – dustbin, trash bin,
cripple, bog down लडखडशनश garbage can, refuse container, wastebasket
कूडे दशन
27. Compliance (noun) – adherence, conformity,
observance, obedience, implementation 34. Dump (noun) – landfill, garbage heap, refuse
अनुपशलन dump, tip, dumping ground कूडश-ढे र

28. Plug holes (phrase) – fill gaps, close 35. Go a long way (phrase) – greatly help, make
loopholes, patch up, fix lacunae, remedy a big difference, contribute significantly, be
deficiencies कधमयशँ को कम करनश very effective, advance the cause कशणी मदद
करनश
29. Formulate (verb) – devise, frame, craft, draw
up, design तैयशर करनश 36. In addition to (phrase) – besides, apart from,
along with, as well as, over and above के
30. Streeties (noun) – strays, community dogs,
अधतररक्त
street dogs, free-roaming dogs, indie dogs
आवशरश कुत्ते 37. Address (verb) – tackle, deal with, attend to,
remedy, confront सुलझशनश

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The Economic times editorial: Magic of zero (26 AUG 2025)

1. Sound (verb) – seem, appear, come 13. Detour (noun) – diversion, bypass,
across as, ring, feel लगना deviation, sidetrack, roundabout route
शवकल्प मागा
2. Cliché (verb) – overuse, stereotype, make
trite, banalize, trivialize शघसा-शििा बना 14. Perception (noun) – view, perspective,
दे ना outlook, notion, understanding धारणा

3. Often (adverb) – frequently, regularly, 15. Irony (noun) – paradox, incongruity,

repeatedly, commonly, routinely अक्सर contradiction, sardonic twist, wryness
शवडं बना
4. A dead-end (noun) – cul-de-sac, impasse,
blind alley, stalemate, deadlock बंद गली 16. Amplify (verb) – increase, magnify,
boost, augment, intensify बढाना
5. Reminder (noun) – prompt, nudge, cue,
recollection, memo याद शदलावन 17. Resist (verb) – oppose, withstand, defy,
fight, refuse शवरोध करना
6. Work out (phrasal verb) – succeed, pan
out, turn out, come off, materialize 18. Embrace (verb) – accept, adopt,
सफल होना welcome, espouse, take on अिनाना

7. Nudge (noun) – gentle push, prod, 19. Reset (noun) – fresh start, reboot,
prompt, cue, shove हल्का धक्का restart, do-over, new beginning नई
िुरुआत
8. Whisper (verb) – murmur, mutter softly,
breathe, say quietly, hint फुसफुसाना 20. Label (noun) – tag, designation, epithet,
category, stamp ठप्पा
9. Dip (verb) – decline, drop, wane, sag, ebb
घिना 21. Stick (verb) – attach, affix, glue, paste,
adhere शििकाना
10. Show up (phrasal verb) – appear, turn
up, emerge, arrive, surface प्रकि होना 22. Forehead (noun) – brow, frontal,
browline, front, frontal region माथा
11. Strange (adjective) – odd, peculiar,
unusual, curious, uncanny अजीब 23. Fleeting (adjective) – momentary,
transient, brief, ephemeral, passing
12. Hindsight (noun) – retrospect,
क्षणभंगुर
afterthought, retrospective insight,
second thoughts, post-fact 24. Wisdom (noun) – insight, prudence,
understanding िश्चदृशि sagacity, discernment, understanding
शववेक
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25. Soul (noun) – spirit, inner self, essence, 26. Navigate (verb) – steer, negotiate, work
being, psyche आत्मा through, find one’s way, chart a course
राह शनकालना

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The Economic times editorial: Teacher burnout (27 AUG 2025)

1. Burnout (noun) – exhaustion, fatigue, 12. Cite (verb) – mention, quote, refer to,
collapse, breakdown, depletion invoke, point out हवशलश दे नश
अधतश्रमजन्य थकशवि
13. Vast (adjective) – extensive, enormous,
2. Strain (noun) – stress, pressure, tension, huge, immense, sweeping धवर्शल
burden, load दबशव
14. Syllabi (noun) – course outlines, curricula,
3. Frazzled (adjective) – exhausted, worn- study plans, syllabuses, teaching schemes
out, drained, overworked, shattered पशठ्यक्रम
थकश-हशरश
15. Favouritism (noun) – bias, partiality,
4. Restless (adjective) – fidgety, uneasy, nepotism, preference, patronage पक्षपशत
agitated, antsy, unsettled बेचैन
16. Micromanagement (noun) – a
5. Sparkle (noun) – twinkle, gleam, glint, management style where a supervisor or
shine, flash चमक manager exerts excessive control and
scrutiny over their employees' work,
6. Click (verb) – connect, resonate, make often to the detriment of morale,
sense, fall into place, register समझ में autonomy, and productivity अधत-धनयंत्रण
आनश
17. Appraisal (noun) – evaluation,
7. Brighten (verb) – lighten, cheer, enliven, assessment, review, rating, appraisal
lift, illuminate रोर्न करनश meeting मूल्शं कन
8. Keep going (phrase) – persevere, carry 18. A tightrope walk (phrase) – delicate
on, press on, stay motivated, continue balance, precarious act, balancing act,
लगे रहनश high-wire act, risky navigation नशज़ुक
9. Nurture (verb) – foster, cultivate, संतुलन
nourish, encourage, develop पोधषत करनश 19. Essential (adjective) – necessary, vital,
indispensable, crucial, fundamental
10. Curiosity (noun) – inquisitiveness,
interest, wonder, eagerness to learn, अधनवशया
questioning धजज्ञशसश 20. A double-edged sword (phrase) – mixed
blessing, two-sided risk, boon and bane,
11. Compliance (noun) – adherence,
conformity, observance, fulfilment, trade-off, ambivalent tool दोधशरी तलवशर
acquiescence अनुपशलन 21. Assessment (noun) – evaluation,
appraisal, testing, measurement, grading
आकलन

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22. Overwhelm (verb) – overload, inundate, 33. Well-intentioned (adjective) – well-

swamp, overburden, crush अधतभशररत meant, benign, good-faith, sincere,
करनश earnest सदशर्यी

23. Navigate (verb) – manage, steer, 34. Assessment (noun) – evaluation,

negotiate, work through, handle सँभशलनश appraisal, scoring, benchmarking, gauging
मूल्शं कन
24. Remark (verb) – comment, observe, note,
state, say धिप्पणी करनश 35. Roll out (phrasal verb) – launch,
introduce, implement, deploy, unveil लशगू
25. Wear many hats (phrase) – multitask,
करनश
juggle roles, take multiple roles, serve
many functions, double up बहु-भूधमकशएँ 36. Hastily (adverb) – hurriedly, rashly,
धनभशनश precipitately, too quickly, impulsively
जल्दबशज़ी में
26. Mediator (noun) – go-between,
arbitrator, conciliator, intermediary, 37. Obsession (noun) – fixation,
facilitator मध्यि preoccupation, mania, craze, compulsion
जुनून
27. Minimal (adjective) – least, negligible,
scant, bare, meagre न्यूनतम 38. Compound (verb) – worsen, aggravate,
intensify, add to, exacerbate बढश दे नश
28. Magnify (verb) – intensify, exacerbate,
heighten, amplify, worsen बढश दे नश 39. Erode (verb) – undermine, whittle away,
diminish, wear down, sap क्षीण करनश
29. Adapt (to) (verb) – adjust, acclimatise,
accommodate, modify, tune अनुकूधलत 40. Autonomy (noun) – independence, self-
होनश rule, freedom, discretion, self-governance
स्वशयत्ततश
30. Resilience (noun) – toughness, grit,
endurance, bounce-back, fortitude मज़बूत 41. Perhaps (adverb) – maybe, possibly,
करनश conceivably, arguably, perchance र्शयद

31. Immense (adjective) – huge, enormous, 42. Disheartening (adjective) – discouraging,

demoralising, dispiriting, depressing,
vast, tremendous, monumental धवर्शल
dismaying हतोत्सशधहत करने वशलश
32. Make headlines (phrase) – attract news,
grab headlines, be in the news, hit the 43. Rarely (adverb) – seldom, infrequently,
news, draw media attention सुधखायशँ hardly ever, scarcely, sporadically कभी-
बिोरनश कभशर

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44. Reflect (verb) – mirror, show, reveal, adage goes, proverbially, in popular
indicate, represent दर्शा नश saying जैसश कहश जशतश है

45. Non-existent (adjective) – absent, 52. Weary (adjective) – tired, fatigued, worn,
lacking, nil, missing, unavailable drained, spent थकश हुआ
अन्वस्तत्वहीन
53. Toughen (verb) – harden, fortify, steel,
46. Veteran (noun) – seasoned teacher, old- inure, strengthen कठोर बनशनश
timer, experienced hand, stalwart, old
54. Streamline (verb) – simplify, rationalise,
pro अनुभवी व्यन्वक्त
optimise, make efficient, trim सुव्यवन्वित
47. Sum up (phrasal verb) – encapsulate, करनश
summarise, capture, distil, put in a
nutshell संक्षेप में बतशनश 55. Token (adjective) – symbolic,
perfunctory, nominal, cosmetic, cursory
48. Scrutiny (noun) – examination, औपचशररक
inspection, review, oversight, close watch
जशँ च-परख 56. Appreciation (noun) – recognition,
gratitude, acknowledgement, esteem,
49. Disengaged (adjective) – detached, valuing सरशहनश
uninvolved, apathetic, unmotivated,
burned-out उदशसीन 57. Passion (noun) – zeal, fervour, ardour,
enthusiasm, drive जुनून
50. Inevitably (adverb) – unavoidably,
inescapably, inexorably, as a matter of 58. Sustain (verb) – maintain, uphold,
course, without fail अधनवशयातः support, keep going, nourish बनशए रखनश

51. As the saying goes (phrase) – as the 59. Ease (verb) – alleviate, lessen, reduce,
proverb says, as they say, as the old lighten, relieve कम करनश

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The Hindu editorial: Not truly open: On tennis and the U.S. Open (
28 AUG 2025)
1. Keen (adjective) – intense, fierce, 11. A hollowing out (phrase) – depletion,
spirited, close-fought, hard-contested thinning, erosion, attrition, drain क्षरण
कडश
12. Stark (adjective) – glaring, clear-cut,
2. Established (adjective) – entrenched, blunt, severe, unmistakable स्पष्ट
settled, recognized, proven, well-set
13. Pocket (verb) – win, bag, clinch, capture,
िशधपत
secure हशधसल करनश
3. Pecking order (noun) – hierarchy,
ranking, order of precedence, chain of 14. Effervescent (adjective) – lively,
sparkling, exuberant, bubbly, vivacious
command, power ladder पदशनुक्रम
ऊजास्वी
4. Intense (adjective) – fierce, high-octane,
15. Fade away (phrasal verb) – wane,
heated, taut, high-stakes तीव्र
decline, peter out, diminish, taper off मंद
5. Hierarchical (adjective) – tiered, पडनश
stratified, ranked, layered, ordered
पदशनुक्रमीय 16. Phenom (noun) – prodigy, sensation,
wunderkind, standout, rising star
6. Rung (noun) – tier, level, step, stratum, उदीयमशन
echelon पशयदशन
17. Consistently (adverb) – steadily, reliably,
7. Dominant (adjective) – leading, persistently, regularly, invariably लगशतशर
prevailing, commanding, pre-eminent,
supreme प्रमुख 18. Snap (verb) – harry, nip, press, hassle,
hound चुनौती दे नश
8. Diverse (adjective) – varied, assorted,
heterogeneous, mixed, multifarious 19. At the heels of (phrase) – close behind, in
धवधवध pursuit of, on the heels of, tailing,
shadowing पीछे -पीछे
9. Efficient (adjective) – effective,
competent, streamlined, well-drilled, slick 20. Dog (noun) – leader, bigwig, front-
कुर्ल runner, top gun, elite र्ीषा न्वखलशडी

10. Upset the apple cart (phrase) – derail 21. Emerge (verb) – arise, surface, appear,
plans, cause an upset, rock the boat, spoil materialise, break through उभरनश
the script, throw a wrench खेल धबगशडनश
22. Legendary (adjective) – iconic, storied,
fabled, celebrated, renowned धदग्गज

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23. Desperate (adjective) – eager, driven, to improve its performance or condition

anxious, frantic, determined बेतशब तैयशरी िू नशा मेंि

24. Anomaly (noun) – outlier, aberration, 33. Secure (verb) – clinch, obtain, lock down,
exception, irregularity, oddity धवसंगधत capture, bag हशधसल करनश

25. Tri(o) (noun) – trio, triad, triumvirate, 34. Roland-Garros (noun) – the French Open
threesome, trinity त्रयी tennis tournament in Paris फ्रेंच ओपन

26. Water-tight (adjective) – airtight, 35. Energise (verb) – galvanise, spur,

unassailable, impregnable, solid, invigorate, animate, pep up ऊजशा दे नश
foolproof अभेद्य
36. Intrigue (verb) – interest, fascinate,
27. Duopoly (noun) – twin dominance, two- captivate, engross, pique रोमशं धचत करनश
horse rule, dual monopoly, double
37. Turn out to be (phrase) – prove to be,
hegemony, two-party control धिधधकशर
end up being, emerge as, pan out as,
28. Eager (adjective) – keen, enthusiastic, reveal itself as धसद्ध होनश
ardent, zealous, hungry उत्सुक
38. Sensation (noun) – phenom, marvel,
29. Flushing Meadows (noun) – venue of the wonder, breakout star, headline-maker
US Open in New York न्यूयॉका कश यूएस सनसनी
ओपन पररसर
39. Break into (phrasal verb) – enter, crack,
30. Resurrect (verb) – revive, rekindle, penetrate, debut in, make inroads into
restore, rejuvenate, reinvigorate प्रवेर् करनश
पुनजीधवत करनश
40. The cream rises to the top (phrase) –
31. Slump (noun) – downturn, dip, rut, best prevails, quality shines, merit wins
drought, slide मंदी out, top talent emerges, class tells सवाश्रेि
ऊपर आतश है
32. Tune-up event (noun) – a process of
making small adjustments to something

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The Times of India editorial: Be your own devil’s advocate,

eliminate bias (29 AUG 2025)
1. Advocate (noun) – Proponent, 12. Mute (verb) – Silence, Suppress,
Champion, Supporter, Defender, Backer Quieten, Stifle, Dampen दबाना
समथाक
13. Discordant (adjective) – Conflicting,
2. Bias (noun) – Prejudice, Partiality, Inharmonious, Dissonant, Clashing,
Tendency, Inclination, Leaning िक्षिात Jarring शवरोधाभासी

3. Limitation (noun) – Constraint, 14. Harmony (noun) – Balance, Accord,

Restriction, Drawback, Shortcoming, Unity, Consistency, Congruity सामंजस्य
Weakness सीमा
15. Cortex (noun) – the outer layer of an
4. Phenomenon (noun) – Occurrence, organ in the body, especially the brain
Event, Fact, Incident, Manifestation
16. Mediate (verb) – Facilitate, Moderate,
घिना
Arbitrate, Intervene, Negotiate मध्यस्थता
5. Perceptual set (noun) – It refers to a करना
predisposition to perceive things in a
17. Neural (adjective) – Nervous, Neuronal,
certain way प्रत्यक्षणात्मक प्रवृशत्त
Nerve-related, Cerebral, Brain तंशत्रका
6. Potential (noun) – Possibility, Capacity, संबंधी
Capability, Promise, Prospect संभावना
18. Transmit (verb) – Convey, Transfer,
7. Lead (to) – (verb) – Cause, Result in, Send, Communicate, Pass on प्रसाररत
Bring about, Produce, Generate वजह करना
बनना
19. Infill (noun) – Completion,
8. Biased (adjective) – Prejudiced, Partial, Supplementation, Filling in,
Onesided, Slanted, Distorted िक्षिातिू णा Augmentation िूशता

9. Erroneous (adjective) – Incorrect, 20. Modality (noun) – Method, Mode,

Wrong, False, Inaccurate, Mistaken गलत Manner, Approach, System प्रणाली

10. Cognitive (adjective) – Mental, 21. Glean (verb) – Gather, Collect, Extract,
Intellectual, Perceptual, Thinking, Derive, Obtain इकट्ठा करना
Reasoning संज्ञानात्मक
22. Self-propagating (adjective) – Self-
11. Apparatus (noun) – Mechanism, System, perpetuating, Self-sustaining, Self-
Structure, Framework, Device तंत्र renewing स्वतः प्रसाररत

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23. Mechanism (noun) – Process, System, 35. Appraisal (noun) – Evaluation,

Procedure, Operation, Device तंत्र Assessment, Judgment, Estimation,
Analysis मूल्ांकन
24. Paradoxically (adverb) – Contradictorily,
Ironically, Unexpectedly, Illogically 36. Ironically (adverb) – Paradoxically,
शवरोधाभासी रूि से Unexpectedly, Contradictorily,
Sarcastically शवडं बनािूवाक
25. Lend (verb) – Give, Provide, Offer, Grant,
Impart प्रदान करना 37. Devil's advocate (noun) – someone who
expresses an opinion they do not really
26. Credibility (noun) – Believability, hold in order to encourage a discussion
Trustworthiness, Reliability, Plausibility
about a subject शविक्षी विा/दोिदिी
शवश्वसनीयता
38. Yield (verb) – Produce, Generate,
27. Fraught (with) – (adjective) – Filled,
Provide, Bear, Give उत्पन्न करना
Laden, Charged, Full, Burdened भरा हुआ
39. Dividend (noun) – Benefit, Profit, Gain,
28. Peril (noun) – Danger, Risk, Hazard,
Return, Advantage लाभांि
Threat, Jeopardy खतरा
40. Negate (verb) – Nullify, Cancel,
29. Undercurrent (noun) – a feeling,
Invalidate, Deny, Reverse नकारना
especially a negative one, that is hidden
but whose effects are felt अदे खा 41. Premise (noun) – Assumption,
Proposition, Basis, Foundation,
30. Blur (verb) – Obscure, Dim, Cloud,
Hypothesis आधार
Confuse, Distort धुंधला करना
42. Inherent (adjective) – Intrinsic, Innate,
31. Garnish (verb) – Decorate, Adorn,
Builtin, Natural, Essential शनशहत
Enhance, Embellish, Trim सजाना
43. Flaw (noun) – Defect, Fault,
32. Topping (noun) – Addition, Imperfection, Weakness, Shortcoming
Enhancement, Decoration, Garnish,
दोि
Covering ऊिरी िरत
44. Of sorts (phrase) – Of a kind, In a way,
33. Be the recipe for something (phrase) –
Sort of, Kind of, After a fashion एक
Cause, Lead to, Result in, Create, Produce
प्रकार का
कारण बनना
45. Kicking in (noun) – Activation, Starting,
34. Perhaps (adverb) – Maybe, Possibly,
Beginning, Commencement, Initiation
Conceivably, Perchance, Potentially
प्रारं भ
िायद

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46. Differentiate (verb) – Distinguish, 52. Transcend (verb) – Surpass, Exceed, Rise
Separate, Discriminate, Tell apart, Set above, Go beyond, Overcome िहुंिना,
apart अंतर करना ज़्यादा होना

47. Instinctive (adjective) – Intuitive, 53. Merely (adverb) – Only, Simply, Just,
Automatic, Reflex, Natural, Innate सहज Barely, Solely केवल

48. Impulsive (adjective) – Spontaneous, 54. Subservient (to) – (adjective) –

Rash, Hasty, Unthinking, Reckless Subordinate, Inferior, Subject,
आवेगिील Dependent, Servile अधीन

49. Suffuse (with) – (verb) – Permeate, 55. Self-indulgent (adjective) – Hedonistic,

Infuse, Fill, Spread through, Bathe व्याप्त Pleasureseeking, Gratifying, Pampering
करना आत्मतुि

50. Conscious (adjective) – Aware, 56. Err (verb) – Make a mistake, Blunder, Slip
Deliberate, Intentional, Mindful, up, Miscalculate, Stumble गलती करना
Purposeful सिेत
57. Endeavour (noun) – Effort, Attempt,
51. Deliberation (noun) – Consideration, Venture, Striving, Enterprise प्रयास
Reflection, Thought, Contemplation,
Discussion शविार

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The Times of India editorial: Forgiving is freedom (30 AUG 2025)

1. Forgiving (adjective) – lenient, 12. Content (adjective) – satisfied, at peace,
compassionate, merciful, magnanimous, fulfilled, serene, easy संतुष्ट
tolerant क्षमशर्ील
13. Vengeful (adjective) – vindictive,
2. Emphasise (verb) – stress, underline, retaliatory, spiteful, revengeful,
highlight, underscore, accentuate rancorous प्रधतर्ोधी
रे खशं धकत करनश
14. Restless (adjective) – agitated, uneasy,
3. Century (noun) – hundred years, unsettled, anxious, fidgety बेचैन
centennial, centenary period, hundred-
15. Meditation (noun) – mindfulness,
year span, era र्तशब्दी
contemplation, dhyana, reflection,
4. Forgiveness (noun) – pardon, absolution, prayerful focus ध्यशन
mercy, clemency, condonation क्षमश
16. Humility (noun) – modesty, meekness,
5. Weigh on (phrasal verb) – burden, unpretentiousness, humbleness, self-
trouble, press on, preoccupy, oppress मन effacement धवनम्रतश
पर बोझ होनश
17. Sincerity (noun) – genuineness,
6. Restraint (noun) – self-control, earnestness, honesty, wholeheartedness,
moderation, discipline, temperance, candour ईमशनदशरी
inhibition संयम
18. Soak (verb) – saturate, imbue, suffuse,
7. Reflection (noun) – contemplation, bathe, permeate धभगोनश
introspection, meditation, pondering,
19. Gratitude (noun) – thankfulness,
rumination मनन
appreciation, gratefulness, indebtedness,
8. Linger (verb) – persist, remain, hang on, recognition कृतज्ञतश
stay, endure धिकश रहनश
20. Grudge (noun) – resentment, ill will,
9. Impression (noun) – imprint, mark, rancour, spite, grievance रं धजर्
effect, impact, trace छशप
21. Wound (verb) – hurt, injure, scar, maim,
10. Residue (noun) – remnant, remainder, gash आहत करनश
leftover, dregs, trace अवर्ेष
22. Liberation (noun) – freedom,
11. Grateful (adjective) – thankful, emancipation, release, deliverance,
appreciative, obliged, indebted, beholden moksha मुन्वक्त
कृतज्ञ

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23. Unite (verb) – bring together, join, unify, 24. Let (verb) – allow, permit, enable,
reconcile, bond एकजुि करनश facilitate, grant अनुमधत दे नश

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The Indian Express editorial: Inflation targeting regime has

worked well (25 AUG 2025)
1. Regime (noun) – framework, system, 12. Deal with (phrasal verb) – handle,
arrangement, setup, order व्यविश address, tackle, manage, contend with
धनपिनश
2. Dilute (verb) – weaken, water down,
soften, reduce, attenuate कमजोर करनश 13. For instance (phrase) – for example,
such as, to illustrate, say, e.g. उदशहरण
3. Band (noun) – range, corridor, bracket,
के धलए
interval, spread दशयरश
14. Bring about (phrasal verb) – cause,
4. Subsequently (adverb) – later,
generate, produce, effect, lead to उत्पन्न
afterwards, thereafter, next, in due
करनश
course बशद में
15. Accountability (noun) – answerability,
5. Retain (verb) – keep, maintain,
responsibility, liability, transparency,
preserve, hold, continue बनशए रखनश
account-giving जवशबदे ही
6. Framework (noun) – structure, schema,
16. Threshold (noun) – limit, ceiling,
blueprint, architecture, matrix रूपरे खश
boundary, cutoff, trigger point सीमश-स्तर
7. Examine (verb) – analyze, assess,
17. Alongside (adverb) – together with,
evaluate, study, scrutinize जशँ चनश
along with, besides, in parallel,
8. Fare (verb) – perform, do, manage, turn concurrently के सशथ-सशथ
out, progress प्रदर्ान करनश
18. Minute (noun) – a summarized record
9. Framework (noun) – outline, scheme, of the proceedings at a meeting. कशयावृत्त
scaffolding, setup, governance structure
19. Transparency (noun) – openness,
ढशं चश
clarity, visibility, lucidity, accountability
10. Monetary policy committee (noun) – a पशरदधर्ातश
committee constituted by the Central
20. Rationale (noun) – reasoning,
Government and led by the Governor of
justification, logic, basis, grounds
RBI. मौधर्द्क नीधत सधमधत
तकशा धशर
11. Flexibility (noun) – adaptability, leeway,
21. Put in place (phrase) – establish, set up,
latitude, elasticity, nimbleness लचीलशपन
institute, implement, install लशगू करनश

22. Incorporate (verb) – include, integrate,

embed, fold in, absorb सन्वम्मधलत करनश

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23. Centre around (phrasal verb) – focus 29. Veer (on) (verb) – lean toward, tilt
on, revolve around, hinge on, toward, gravitate toward, trend toward,
concentrate on, be about केंधर्द्त होनश incline toward झुकनश

24. Optimal (adjective) – best, ideal, most 30. Anchor (verb) – stabilize, fix, peg,
efficient, most suitable, optimum ground, root न्विर करनश
सवोत्तम
31. Credibility (noun) – trustworthiness,
25. Do away with (phrase) – abolish, scrap, reliability, believability, legitimacy,
eliminate, dispense with, repeal खत्म credit धवश्वसनीयतश
करनश
32. Perceive (verb) – regard, view, see,
26. Core inflation (noun) – a measure of consider, deem समझनश
price increases that excludes the most
33. Undermine (verb) – weaken, erode,
volatile components of the Consumer
Price Index (CPI), typically food and impair, sap, undercut कमजोर करनश
energy prices. 34. Run the risk of (phrase) – risk, be liable
27. Tweak (verb) – adjust, modify, fine- to, be in danger of, court the risk of,
tune, recalibrate, tune हल्कश संर्ोधधत chance जोन्वखम उठशनश
करनश 35. Erode (verb) – wear away, diminish,
corrode, eat into, whittle down क्षीण
28. Reflect (verb) – mirror, indicate, show,
करनश
represent, reveal प्रधतधबंधबत करनश

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The Indian Express editorial: Blanket ban on online money (26

AUG 2025)
1. Blanket (adjective) – sweeping, across- 10. Disagreement (noun) – dispute,
the-board, comprehensive, dissent, difference, divergence, discord
indiscriminate, all-encompassing समग्र असहमधत

2. Deal a blow (phrase) – harm, hurt, set 11. Seriousness (noun) – gravity, severity,
back, cripple, undermine आघशत magnitude, weight, earnestness
पहुँ चशनश गंभीरतश

3. Rationale (noun) – reasoning, 12. Way out (noun) – solution, remedy,

justification, logic, basis, grounds answer, exit, alternative समशधशन
तकशा धशर
13. Drive (verb) – push, propel, channel,
4. Impose (verb) – enforce, levy, enact, divert, force धकेलनश
institute, decree थोपनश
14. Jurisdiction (noun) – authority,
5. Prohibit (verb) – ban, forbid, bar, purview, legal reach, remit,
proscribe, outlaw प्रधतबंधधत करनश competence अधधकशर-क्षेत्र

6. Rest (on) (verb) – be based on, hinge 15. Replete (with) (adjective) – filled with,
on, depend on, be founded on, turn on brimming with, teeming with, packed
आधशररत होनश with, rife with से पररपूणा

7. Stated (adjective) – declared, 16. Implication (noun) – consequence,

announced, expressed, avowed, official effect, fallout, ramification,
घोधषत repercussion प्रभशव

8. Address (verb) – tackle, deal with, 17. Account for (phrasal verb) – constitute,
confront, remedy, attend to समशधशन make up, represent, comprise, amount
करनश to के धलये उत्तरदयी होनश

9. Money laundering (noun) – the 18. Suspend (verb) – halt, stop, pause,
concealment of the origins of illegally freeze, put on hold धनलंधबत करनश
obtained money, typically by means of
19. Following (preposition) – after,
transfers involving foreign banks or
subsequent to, in the wake of, post,
legitimate businesses.
pursuant to के बशद

20. Development (noun) – move, step,

measure, event, occurrence घिनशक्रम

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21. Implication (noun) – bearing, 31. Veer (verb) – lean, tilt, gravitate, trend,
significance, upshot, import, shift झुकनश
consequence धनधहतशथा
32. Clarity (noun) – transparency, lucidity,
22. Underline (verb) – emphasize, precision, definiteness, clearness स्पष्टतश
underscore, highlight, stress, bring out
33. Put in place (phrase) – establish, set
ज़ोर दे नश
up, institute, implement, install लशगू
23. Capricious (adjective) – unpredictable, करनश
whimsical, erratic, fickle, arbitrary
मनमौजी 34. Mechanism (noun) – system,
framework, apparatus, process,
24. Circumspect (adjective) – cautious, arrangement तंत्र
wary, guarded, prudent, watchful सतका
35. Checks and balances (noun) –
25. Considered (adjective) – deliberate, counterbalancing influences by which
thoughtful, measured, reasoned, well- an organization or system is regulated,
judged धवचशरपूवाक typically those ensuring that political
power is not concentrated in the hands
26. Call for (phrasal verb) – require,
of individuals or groups. धनयंत्रण-संतुलन
demand, necessitate, warrant, ask for
उपशय
मशँ ग करनश
36. Establish (verb) – set up, create, found,
27. Stakeholder (noun) – interested party,
constitute, institute िशधपत करनश
participant, actor, constituent, claimant
धहतधशरक 37. Efficient (adjective) – effective,
productive, streamlined, high-
28. Light-touch (adjective) – minimal,
performing, economical दक्ष
hands-off, non-intrusive, low-intensity,
lenient कम-हस्तक्षेपी 38. Grievance (noun) – complaint, protest,
objection, beef, resentment धर्कशयत
29. Fantasy (noun) – virtual, make-believe,
simulated, imaginative, fictional 39. Redressal (noun) – remedy, redress,
कशल्पधनक resolution, restitution, corrective
action धनवशरण
30. Prudent (adjective) – judicious, wise,
sensible, cautious, sagacious धववेकपूणा

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The Indian Express editorial: It’s time to decontrol the fertiliser

sector (27 AUG 2025)
1. Decontrol (verb) – deregulate, liberalise, 13. Plunge (verb) – drop, tumble, nosedive,
free, unshackle, remove controls धनयंत्रण-मुक्त plummet, crash तेज़ी से धगरनश
करनश
14. Hardly (adverb) – scarcely, barely, rarely,
2. Consecutive (adjective) – successive, back- almost not, seldom मुन्विल से
to-back, continuous, sequential, in-a-row
15. Shipment (noun) – consignment, cargo,
लगशतशर
delivery, dispatch, lot खेप
3. Ramp up (phrasal verb) – increase, boost,
16. So far (phrase) – till now, up to now, to date,
scale up, step up, augment बढशनश
thus far, hitherto अब तक
4. Acreage (noun) – farmland area, cultivated
17. Fiscal (noun) – financial year, budget year,
area, sown area, hectarage, cropland area
accounting year, fiscal year, FY रशजकोषीय वषा
खेती कश क्षेत्रफल
18. Lead (to) (verb) – result in, cause, bring
5. Enthusiasm (noun) – zeal, eagerness, ardour,
about, give rise to, culminate in कशरण बननश
excitement, keenness उत्सशह
19. Substantial (adjective) – significant,
6. Dampen (verb) – discourage, curb, sap,
considerable, sizeable, hefty, major कशणी
subdue, depress उत्सशह कम करनश
20. Depletion (noun) – reduction, rundown,
7. Optimal (adjective) – best, ideal, most
diminution, exhaustion, drawdown कमी
efficient, most suitable, optimum सवोत्तम
21. Anticipate (verb) – expect, foresee, predict,
8. Yield (noun) – output, harvest, production,
envisage, look ahead to पूवशा नुमशन लगशनश
return, crop उत्पशदन
22. Unlike (preposition) – in contrast to, as
9. Meet (verb) – satisfy, fulfil, match, cover,
opposed to, contrary to, different from, vis-à-
serve पूरी करनश
vis के धवपरीत
10. Queue up (phrasal verb) – line up, form a
23. Application (noun) – use, usage, deployment,
line, wait in line, stand in queue, line oneself
administration, dose-rate प्रयोग
up कतशर लगनश
24. Complacency (noun) – smugness, self-
11. Procure (verb) – obtain, acquire, secure,
satisfaction, inertia, laxity, heedlessness
source, purchase प्रशप्त करनश
आत्मसंतोष
12. Bare (adjective) – minimal, mere, scant,
basic, meagre न्यूनतम
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25. Bountiful (adjective) – plentiful, abundant, 33. In the event of (phrase) – in case of, if,
ample, copious, bumper प्रचुर should there be, upon, in the circumstance of
की न्विधत में
26. Lifting (noun) – removal, easing, withdrawal,
revocation, relaxation (of curbs) हिशयश जशनश 34. De-canalise (verb) – remove state monopoly,
end canalisation, liberalise import channels,
27. Curb (noun) – restriction, restraint, limit,
open up, allow private importing धनजी आयशत
control, cap रोक
की अनुमधत दे नश
28. Following (preposition) – after, subsequent
35. Let (verb) – allow, permit, enable, authorise,
to, in the wake of, pursuant to, post बशद
give leave अनुमधत दे नश
29. Thaw (noun) – détente, easing, relaxation,
36. Float (verb) – allow to vary, liberalise,
warming, improvement (in ties) धपघलशव deregulate, decontrol pricing, market-price
30. Stifle (verb) – suppress, choke, smother, करनश मुक्त रूप से चलने दे नश
hinder, throttle दबशनश 37. Incentivise (verb) – encourage, motivate,
31. Prone (to) (adjective) – susceptible, spur, stimulate, induce प्रोत्सशधहत करनश
vulnerable, liable, inclined, predisposed प्रवण 38. Price gouging (noun) – profiteering,
32. Diversion (noun) – redirection, rerouting, overpricing, excessive pricing, exploitative
deflection, misappropriation, siphoning-off pricing, unfair mark-ups अत्यधधक-मूल्-वसूली
अन्यत्र मोडनश

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The Business line editorial: A better FIT (28 AUG 2025)

1. Flexible inflation targeting (FIT) (noun) – 11. Assess (verb) – appraise, evaluate, gauge,
It is a central banking policy that revolves estimate, judge आकलन करनश
around adjusting monetary policy to
achieve a specified annual rate of 12. Core inflation (noun) – the rate at which
inflation. prices are rising in the economy,
excluding sharply fluctuating items like
2. Subtly (adverb) – delicately, food and energy.
unobtrusively, implicitly, faintly,
13. Persist (verb) – continue, endure, remain,
understatedly सूक्ष्म रूप से
keep on, stick बनश रहनश
3. Arguably (adverb) – plausibly, defensibly,
14. Metric (noun) – measure, indicator,
debatably, conceivably, tenably तकासंगत
yardstick, benchmark, parameter मशपदं ड
रूप से
15. Reflect (verb) – mirror, represent,
4. Room (noun) – scope, leeway, latitude,
indicate, capture, show प्रधतधबंधबत करनश
space, margin गुंजशइर्
16. Point to (phrasal verb) – indicate,
5. Take into account (phrase) – consider,
factor in, reckon with, allow for, bear in suggest, signal, hint at, evidence संकेत
mind ध्यशन में रखनश करनश

6. Outsized (adjective) – disproportionate, 17. Fractile (noun) – a point in a dataset that

inordinate, excessive, undue, oversized divides it into equal proportions, similar
असशमशन्य रूप से बडश to a percentile or quartile प्रधतर्तक वगा

7. Headline inflation (noun) – the total 18. Spill over (phrasal verb) – transmit, bleed
inflation rate within an economy, into, percolate, diffuse into, carry over
encompassing the change in prices of all फैलकर असर डशलनश
goods and services.
19. Weight (noun) – a factor associated with
8. Disruption (noun) – disturbance, one of a set of numerical quantities, used
upheaval, dislocation, turbulence, shock to represent its importance relative to
व्यवधशन the other members of the set.

9. Examine (verb) – analyze, scrutinize, 20. Preference (noun) – choice, liking,

study, probe, evaluate जशँ च करनश inclination, taste, priority वरीयतश

10. Broad (adjective) – wide, expansive, 21. Wryly (adverb) – drily, sardonically,
sweeping, comprehensive, overarching ironically, wittily, ruefully व्यंग्यपूणा ढं ग से
व्यशपक

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22. Provided (conjunction) – if, on condition 32. Converge (verb) – come together, align,
that, assuming, so long as, contingent on coalesce, gravitate, tend toward धमलनश
बर्ते धक
33. Deviation (noun) – departure,
23. Volatility (noun) – fluctuation, instability, divergence, variance, aberration, drift
variability, choppiness, swings अन्विरतश धवचलन

24. Constituent (noun) – component, 34. The new normal (noun) – settled reality,
element, ingredient, part, sub-index घिक prevailing condition, steady state, status
quo, baseline नयश मशनक हशलशत
25. Retail price index (noun) – A measure of
changes in prices of a basket of goods 35. Tad (noun) – bit, smidge, touch, shade,
and services consumed by an average hair थोडश
household.
36. The real economy (noun) – the part of an
26. Minimise (verb) – reduce, curtail, lessen, economy that produces actual goods and
dampen, mitigate कम करनश services, such as agriculture,
manufacturing, and retail, as opposed to
27. Hold someone to account (phrase) –
the financial economy, which focuses on
make answerable, demand
monetary and financial transactions.
accountability, call to account, hold
responsible, keep to task जवशबदे ह ठहरशनश 37. Underlie (verb) – underpin, undergird,
form the basis of, inform, ground आधशर
28. Monetary (adjective) – financial,
बननश
pecuniary, currency-related, money-
based, central-bank मौधर्द्क 38. Current account deficit (noun) – It occurs
when the total value of goods and
29. Deduce (verb) – infer, derive, conclude,
services a country imports exceeds the
reason out, extrapolate धनष्कषा धनकशलनश total value of goods and services it
30. Emerging (adjective) – developing, rising, exports.
nascent, up-and-coming, growth-stage 39. Fiscal deficit (noun) – the total amount
उभरती by which a government's expenditure
exceeds its income (revenue) in a
31. Economies (noun) – Countries in terms of financial year, excluding money it obtains
GDP अथा व्यविशएँ through borrowing रशजकोषीय घशिश

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The Pioneer Editorial: Keeping up with the Joneses (29 AUG

2025)
1. Keeping up with the Joneses (phrase) - 12. Sentiment (noun) - Emotion, Feeling,
Social competition, Status rivalry, Attitude, Opinion, View भावना
Material competition, Neighborly one-
upmanship, Conspicuous consumption 13. Persist (verb) - Continue, Endure,
दू सरों के स्तर िर रहने की होड Persevere, Last, Remain बने रहना

2. Prominent (adjective) - Notable, 14. Scenario (noun) - Situation,

Distinguished, Eminent, Conspicuous, Circumstance, Case, Context, Setting
Renowned प्रमुख िररदृश्य

3. Elegant (adjective) - Graceful, Stylish, 15. Upscale (adjective) - Luxury, High-end,

Sophisticated, Refined, Polished सुंदर Exclusive, Premium, Posh उच्चस्तरीय

4. Mansion (noun) - Villa, Manor, Estate, 16. Neighbourhood (noun) - Locality, District,
Palace, Chateau हवेली Community, Area, Vicinity िडोस

5. Outdo (verb) - Surpass, Excel, Beat, 17. Ceiling (noun) - Roof, Overhead,
Eclipse, Top िीछे छोड दे ना Covering, Canopy, Dome छत

6. Elaborate (adjective) - Intricate, Detailed, 18. Cost (verb) - Price, Value, Amount to,
Complex, Fancy, Ornate शवस्तृत Require, Set back कीमत होना

7. Ornate (adjective) - Decorated, 19. Fortune (noun) - Wealth, Riches,

Embellished, Adorned, Fancy, Baroque Affluence, Prosperity, Assets संिशत्त
अलंकृत 20. Beam (verb) - Smile, Grin, Radiate, Glow,
8. Extravagant (adjective) - Lavish, Shine िमकना
Excessive, Wasteful, Opulent, Prodigal
21. Pricey (adjective) - Expensive, Costly,
शफजूलखिा
High-priced, Dear, Premium महंगा
9. Estate (noun) - Property, Landholding,
22. Top notch (adjective) - Excellent, Superb,
Domain, Acres, Grounds जायदाद
Outstanding, First-rate, Premium उत्कृि
10. Showcase (verb) - Display, Exhibit,
23. Restless (adjective) - Uneasy, Fidgety,
Present, Feature, Highlight प्रदशिात करना
Agitated, Anxious, Nervous बेिैन
11. Give rise to (phrase) - Cause, Generate,
24. Envious (adjective) - Jealous, Covetous,
Produce, Create, Spark उत्पन्न करना
Resentful, Green-eyed, Grudging ईर्ष्ाालु

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25. End up (phrasal verb) - Conclude, Finish, 36. Peer pressure (noun) - when you are
Wind up, Result, Terminate अंत में influenced by other people (your peers)
िहुुँिना to act in a certain way साशथयों का दबाव

26. Strain (noun) - Stress, Pressure, Tension, 37. Consumerism (noun) - Materialism,
Burden, Anxiety तनाव Commercialism, Acquisition,
Consumption, Buying उिभोिावाद
27. Ecstatic (adjective) - Elated, Thrilled,
Overjoyed, Delighted, Euphoric उत्साशहत 38. Commercialization (noun) -
Monetization, Marketing,
28. Short lived (adjective) - Brief, Temporary, Commodification, Exploitation,
Fleeting, Transient, Ephemeral Merchandising व्यावसायीकरण
अल्पकाशलक
39. Façade (noun) - Front, Appearance,
29. Fade (verb) - Dim, Dull, Pale, Disappear, Show, Mask, Pretense मुखौिा
Vanish फीका िडना
40. Mounting (adjective) - Increasing,
30. Overshadowed (adjective) - Eclipse, Growing, Rising, Escalating, Accumulating
Dwarf, Dominate, Outshine, Surpass बढता हुआ
ग्रहण लगना
41. Debt (noun) - Loan, Liability, Obligation,
31. Instance (noun) - Example, Case, Arrears, Indebtedness कजा
Occurrence, Illustration, Sample
उदाहरण 42. Anxiety (noun) - Worry, Nervousness,
Unease, Apprehension, Stress शिंता
32. Immense (adjective) - Huge, Vast,
Enormous, Gigantic, Colossal शविाल 43. Perspective (noun) - Viewpoint, Outlook,
Angle, Standpoint, Position दृशिकोण
33. Portray (verb) - Depict, Represent,
Describe, Illustrate, Render शिशत्रत करना 44. Embrace (verb) - Accept, Adopt,
Welcome, Hug, Cherish अिनाना
34. Vacation (noun) - Holiday, Break,
Getaway, Retreat, Leave छु ट्टी 45. Gratitude (noun) - Thankfulness,
Appreciation, Gratefulness, Recognition,
35. Flaunt (verb) - Show off, Display, Parade, Acknowledgment कृतज्ञता
Exhibit, Boast शदखावा करना

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The Indian Express Editorial: A recent study has found that

bees (30 AUG 2025)
1. Balanced diet (noun) – a diet consisting 9. Macronutrient (noun) – a type of food
of a variety of different types of food (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate)
and providing adequate amounts of the required in large amounts in the diet.
nutrients necessary for good health.
10. Steak (noun) – meat cut, fillet, sirloin,
संतुशलत आहार
beef slice, chop मांस का िु कडा
2. Insist (verb) – assert, maintain, demand,
11. Seek (verb) – look for, search for,
press, urge आग्रह करना
pursue, go after, aim for तलाि करना
3. Remedy (noun) – cure, treatment,
12. Varied (adjective) – diverse, assorted,
solution, fix, nostrum घरे लू नुस्खा
mixed, multifarious, wide-ranging
4. Staple (adjective) – main or important, शवशवध
especially in terms of consumption.
13. Spoil (verb) – ruin, mar, impair, mess
मुख्य
up, overindulge शबगाडना
5. Turn out (phrasal verb) – prove,
14. Contradictory (adjective) – conflicting,
transpire, emerge, end up, result िता
inconsistent, clashing, opposing, at-odds
िलना
िरस्पर-शवरोधी
6. Bumblebee (noun) – wild bee, Bombus,
15. Needlessly (adverb) – unnecessarily,
pollinator, fuzzy bee, bee species भौरं ा
gratuitously, superfluously, unduly,
7. Intake (noun) – consumption, ingestion, without cause अनावश्यक रूि से
uptake, quota, allowance सेवन
16. Complicated (adjective) – complex,
8. Composition (noun) – makeup, intricate, involved, convoluted, knotty
constitution, blend, mix, formulation जशिल
संरिना

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