考研基础语法 1 电子讲义
一、 词法
（一）动词
1．实义动词
run（跑）
；swim（游泳）
；eat（吃）
；sleep（睡觉）
；dance（跳舞）
（1）不及物动词
1) I smile.
2) He coughs.
3) The car stopped.
4) The divorce rate rises.
5) I smile at you.
（2）及物动词
1) She wanted some help.
2) A monkey took the photo.
3) He gives me a book.
4) He gives a book to me.
（3）及物动词 VS 不及物动词
1) A monkey took the photo.
2) The photo was taken by a monkey.
3) He gives me a book. = He gives a book to me.
4) A book is given to me by him.
5) The monkeys stopped to rest.
6) The reporter stopped Slater. = Slater was stopped by the reporter.
练习题
选动词、判断及物、不及物。
1) The first animated film was made by Winsor McCay.
2) McCay worked in Cincinnati.
3) Someone offered him a job as a newspaper artist.
4) He moved to New York.
5) Fortunately, he didn't die from his wounds.
6) Reagan recovered.
7) He finished his second term in 1989.
2．系动词：（be 动词）
系动词 类型 例句
纯系动 be（is, are, was, were……） Miss Tong is beautiful.
词 All the English teachers are beautiful.
持续系 keep, rest, remain, stay, Peter cycles to work to keep fit.
动词 lay, stand
We remained friends.
It was hard to stay awake.
表像系 seem, appear, look Miss Tong seems very happy.
动词
I don't want to appear rude.
感官系 feel, smell, sound, taste The flower smells good.
动词 The flowers smell good.
The coffee tasted awful.
变化系 become, grow, turn, get, The weather has suddenly turned cold. 天气突然变凉了。
动词 go, come
He has just become a father. 他刚刚当上爸爸。
终止系 prove, turn out The operation proved a complete success. 这一手术结果大
动词 获成功。
The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected.
结果，真相比我们预期的更离奇。
3．助动词：be、do、have
1) I smile.
2) I am smiling.
3) I do smile.
4) I have been smiling.
4．情态动词：can、must、should...
1) ——I need some help with this website.
——I ______ help you.
A.can
B.should
2) We ______ use our list and not buy things we don't need.
A.should
B.must
3) Americans are generally on time for appointments. You ______ keep people
waiting.
A.can't
B.shouldn't
4) I have a 16-year-old daughter and an 18-year-old son. I ______ spend half
my time worrying about them. My daughter texts her friends all day.
A.can
B.must
