Paper 44
Tenses and Verb
Deforestation: Which countries are still cutting down trees?
Since November 2021, World leaders 1. __________ (pledge) to end and reverse
deforestation by 2030. But in Brazil's Amazon rainforest it 2. __________ (hit) its
highest level for over 15 years - and progress elsewhere is challenging.
Brazil: Illegal logging continues
Some 60% of the Amazon rainforest is in Brazil, and it 3. __________ (play) a vital
role in absorbing harmful CO2 that would otherwise escape into the atmosphere.
After 4. __________ (fall) steadily since 2004, deforestation in Brazil's Amazon
5. __________ (rise) again recently, according to the country's National Space
Research Institute (INPE).
Its latest report found that deforestation increased by 22% in the last year, with
13,235 sq km (5,110 sq miles) of forest lost. Brazil's president, Jair Bolsonaro,
6. ___________ (criticize) for "anti-environment" policies in recent days, such as
encouraging agriculture and mining in the Amazon.
He has cut the funding for the government agencies that 7. __________ (be)
responsible for prosecuting farmers and loggers who 8. __________ (break)
environmental law. Fines for illegal logging fell by 20% in 2020. Exact figures are not
available, but recent studies suggest as much as 94% of deforestation and habitat
destruction in Brazil could be illegal.
Brazil is not the only country responsible for the deforestation of the Amazon -
neighbouring countries, including Bolivia, also contribute. Last year, Bolivia
9. __________ (lose) almost 300,000 hectares of tropical forest - the fourth-highest
in the world.
Congo basin: Agriculture and mining
The Congo forest basin is the second-largest rainforest in the world. More than half
of it 10. __________ (lie) within the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Greenpeace(綠色和平組織) says illegal logging by both large and small companies 11.
__________(lead) to deforestation. Although the US and EU have already banned
importing illegal timber, it still gets smuggled outside the country.
Ans
1. have pledged
2. has hit
3. plays
4. falling
5. has risen
6. has been criticised
7. are
8. break
9. lost
10. lies
11. is leading
Deforestation: Which countries are still cutting down trees?
Since November 2021, World leaders __________ have pledged to end and reverse
deforestation by 2030. But in Brazil's Amazon rainforest it __________ has hit its
highest level for over 15 years - and progress elsewhere is challenging.
Brazil: Illegal logging continues
Some 60% of the Amazon rainforest is in Brazil, and it __________ plays a vital role in
absorbing harmful CO2 that would otherwise escape into the atmosphere. After
__________ falling steadily since 2004, deforestation in Brazil's Amazon __________
has risen again recently, according to the country's National Space Research Institute
(INPE).
Its latest report found that deforestation increased by 22% in the last year, with
13,235 sq km (5,110 sq miles) of forest lost. Brazil's president, Jair Bolsonaro,
___________ has been criticised for "anti-environment" policies in recent days, such
as encouraging agriculture and mining in the Amazon.
He has cut the funding for the government agencies that __________ are responsible
for prosecuting farmers and loggers who __________ break environmental law. Fines
for illegal logging fell by 20% in 2020. Exact figures are not available, but recent
studies suggest as much as 94% of deforestation and habitat destruction in Brazil
could be illegal.
Brazil is not the only country responsible for the deforestation of the Amazon -
neighbouring countries, including Bolivia, also contribute. Last year, Bolivia
__________ lost almost 300,000 hectares of tropical forest - the fourth-highest in the
world.
Congo basin: Agriculture and mining
The Congo forest basin is the second-largest rainforest in the world. More than half
of it __________ lies within the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Greenpeace(綠色和平組織) says illegal logging by both large and small companies
__________is leading to deforestation. Although the US and EU have already banned
importing illegal timber, it still gets smuggled outside the country.
