OBJECTIVES

1. Differentiate informative/expository,
persuasive, and argumentative writing
style;
2. Note down the structure of informative,
persuasive and argumentative writing
 What is an
EXPOSITORY TEXT? THIS LESSON
FOCUSES ON KEY
STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS AND
LANGUAGE FEATURES
OF AN EXPOSITORY
TEXT
Expository Text…
Presents or Sometimes It may also
provides called as provide
information informational descriptions, cite
writing where
about a writers provide
reasons, present
particular explanations and
facts on a given enumerate
topic or topic that is
steps.
issue. educational.
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 EXPOSITORY
NARRATIVE TEXT
TEXT
• Does not tell a story
VS. • Does not use emotion
• Tells a story • Always FACT BASED
• Educate readers by
• Uses emotion in reliable sources
presenting facts • Clear, concise and
organized
 Different Purposes

EXPOSITORY NARRATIVE ARGUMENTA

TEXT TEXT TIVE TEXT

To Inform To entertain To Persuade

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 Usually presented in the
introduction, the thesis
statement introduces the main
topic or idea to see the overall
direction of the text.
 The use of clear and proper
transitions will glue the
introduction, the body and the
conclusions together.
Unlike essay that ca be written
without due research and
preparations, Expository text
use supporting evidence like
examples and explanations
that is fact based.
 Conclusion is not only
meant to summarize the
ideas in the introduction
and body, instead it TIE
the ideas altogether to
highlight the essence of
the Main Idea
 ❑ Cause and Effect
❑ Comparison and Contrast
❑ Description
❑ Problem and Solution
❑ Sequence
Signal Words/Transitional Words
 INFORMATIVE
This writing style is designed to inform and
educate readers about a certain topic using
factual resources without giving opinion.
 PERSUASIVE
This type of writing attempts to convince
readers to believe with the writer, using
emotions and personal ideas.
 ARGUMENTATIVE
This type of writing requires a writer
to establish an opinion backed by
hard evidences.
INFORMATIVE WRITING
•STYLE AN AUTHOR USES TO CONVEY HIS/HER
MESSAGE IN A MANNER THAT IS EFFECTIVE
AND MEANINGFUL TO THE AUDIENCE.
Examples of informative writing
Textbooks Book Reviews
Expository Essays Recipes
Editorials news articles
Oral Arguments instructional manuals

Legal Defenses Blogs

 Key Structural Elements
INTRODUCTION
❑ TOPIC
❑ BACKGROUND OF THE TOPIC
❑ CLEAR AND CONCISE THESIS STATEMENT

BODY
❑ CONTAINS EVIDENCES AND SUPPORT

CONCLUSION
❑ A conclusion should tie the ideas together highlighting the essence of the
main idea.

NOTE: The use of clear transitions is very important. These will glue the introduction, the body, and the conclusion
together. Without effective use of transitions, the exposition may seem like a disjointed collection of sentences.
Hook, Thesis Statement and
Clincher
Hook
 HOOK
It is an opening statement (which is usually the first
sentence) in an essay that attempts to grab the
reader's attention.

Examples:
▪ Question Hook: What would you do if you could play
God for a day?
▪ Strong Statement Hook: Everyone has told a lie.

Hook
▪ Fact Hook: It takes 5-10 years for a vaccine to be
made.
▪ Shocking Statistics Hook: More than 6 million
elementary, high school students failed to enroll
during pandemic.
▪ Simile/Metaphor Hook: Learning is like building a
house.
▪ Quotation Hook: “Once you stop learning, you start
dying.”

Hook
 THESIS STATEMENT.
It is usually a single sentence in the near beginning of
your essay which represents your main idea.
Informative: Topic + Scope Topic
Example:

The life of the typical student is characterized by

time spent studying, attending class, and
socializing with peers. Scope

Thesis Statement
 THESIS STATEMENT.

Persuasive: Topic + Personal Opinion + Reason Opinion

Example:

I personally think that there should be less

homework for students so they can have more
times to improve their talents reason
Topic

Thesis Statement
 THESIS STATEMENT.
Argumentative: Topic + Claim + Major Points
topic
Example:
Although there are negative effects in using internet, it is
outweighed by its many benefits as it facilitates easier
access to information, exposure to different perspectives and
a flexible learning environment for both students and
teachers.
Major claim
Points

Thesis Statement
 CLINCHER
It is the last sentence in the conclusion highlighting
your key message while leaving strong final
impression to readers .
❑ Make a Prediction Clincher:
If the Philippine society continues to isolate
people suffering from depression, these
people will continue to experience
difficulties, pain, and loneliness.
❑ Offer a Recommendation Clincher:

The Philippine mental health community should

work towards raising awareness by making it
clear to community leaders; the mental health
community can be a voice for positive change.
❑ Ask-a-Thought-Provoking Rhetorical
Question Clincher:

With all that is known about depression and its

devastating impact, Why has Philippines not
committed economic resources to the fight
against the disease?
❑ Connect Back to the Grabber Clincher:

Example Grabber: Lim et al. (2008) estimated that mental illnesses such as
depression cost the Canadian economy $51 billion in lost employee
productivity, hospitalization and treatment costs, and tax-funded government
assistance programs (p. 92).

Clincher relating to the Grabber: As Lim et al. (2008) pointed out, with an
estimated $51 billion in costs and damages at stake each year, Canada cannot
afford to neglect this issue any longer (p. 92).
 Structures of Idea
Development or Pattern
in an Informative
Writing
Structures of idea development
1. CAUSE AND EFFECT
❑ presents the information by explaining
how or why a certain event or occurrence
happened [cause] and what resulted from
that particular cause or occurrence
[effect].
 Structures of idea development
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Example
I woke up late this morning because my alarm clock did not ring. As a result, I had to rush to get ready for
school and I made a huge mess all over the house. I missed the bus because I had to go back home to
fetch my cellphone. Consequently, I was late for school, and my lecturer was not pleased with mw at all.
Due to the fact that my day had been going so badly. I was in a bad mood and I shouted at my friends.
Since I was in such a bad mood, they didn’t want to hang out with me and they left. After they left, my day
only got worse. In view of all that happened today, I have decided that I need two alarm clock instead of
one, to make sure I wake up on time in the morning.
Structures of idea development

2. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

❑ presents the information by providing
details as to how things, concepts, or
ideas are alike or different.
Structures of idea development
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Example
The modern Olympics is very unlike the ancient Olympic games. Individual events are
different. While there were no swimming races in the ancient games, for example,
there were chariot races. There were no female contestants and all athletes competed
in the nude. Of course, the ancient and modern Olympics are also alike in many ways.
Some events, such as the javelin and discus throws, are the same. Some people say
that cheating, professionalism, and nationalism in the modern games are a disgrace to
the Olympic tradition. But according to the ancient Greek writers, there were many
cases of cheating, nationalism, and professionalism in their Olympics too.
http://www.umich.edu/~exppro/chrtcomparison.html
Structures of idea development
3. DESCRIPTION

❑ In this structure, the topic is presented by

providing descriptions about its attributes,
features, and examples.
Structures of idea development
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings. The rings
represent the five continents - Africa, Asia, Europe, North
America and South America - from which athletes come to
compete in the games. The rings are colored black blue, green,
red, and yellow. At least one of these colors is found in the flag of
every country sending athletes to compete in the Olympic games.
http://www.umich.edu/~exppro/chrtdescription.html
Structures of idea development

4. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

❑ present a problem and provide one or
more solutions to the said problem.
Structures of idea development
Problem and Solution
EXAMPLE
One problem with the modern Olympics is that it has become very big and expensive to operate. The
city or country that hosts the games often loses a lot of money. A stadium, pools, and playing fields
must be built for the athletic events and housing is needed for the athletes who come from around the
world. And all of these facilities are used for only 2 weeks! In 1984, Los Angeles solved these
problems by charging a fee for companies who wanted to be official sponsors of the games.
Companies like McDonald's paid a lot of money to be part of the Olympics. Many buildings that were
already built in the Los Angeles area were also used. The Coliseum where the 1932 games were held
was used again and many colleges and universities in the area became playing and living sites.
http://www.umich.edu/~exppro/chrtprobsolution.html
Structures of idea development

5. CLASSIFICATION/DIVISION
❑ takes one large concept, and divides it into
individual pieces. A nice result from this type of
writing is that it helps the reader to understand a
complex topic by focusing on its smaller parts.
Structures of idea development

6. PROCESS ANALYSIS/SEQUENCE
❑ Analyzing a process can also be thought of as
“how-to” instruction. It includes a lot of process
analysis, for instance. Informative writing can have
a clear series of steps.
Writing requirements for writing
expository/informative essay
1. Conduct extensive research on the topic
at hand
-look for reliable sources on the topic you want
to discuss
-Once sufficient information is collected, writers
should then move on to creating a rough outline
of the essay.
Writing requirements for writing
expository/informative essay
2. Write an introductory paragraph with a
HOOK
Any essay must have hook to grab the
attention of the reader to read further your
written work.
Writing requirements for writing
expository/informative essay

3. Formulate a Thesis Statement

Any essay must have a thesis statement

because it emphasizes the main idea of the
paper. It usually follows the first paragraph
and is one or two sentences long.
Writing requirements for writing
expository/informative essay
4. Pick a structure of Pattern
Development for the Essay
Know your purpose (is it to describe, to
-

present problem and solution, to present

process etch.)
Writing requirements for writing
expository/informative essay

5. Write the Body Paragraph

-writers should make sure to include only

incontestable and properly cited
information
Writing requirements for writing
expository/informative essay

6. Summarize the Expository Essay on

The Conclusion
-the conclusion or summary, consists of
reinstating the thesis statements with some
input from the other paragraphs
Directions: Study the sample essay given in your
group. Follow the instruction given and report
your findings afterward.
• YOUR TASK
1. Label the introduction paragraph, the body
paragraphs, and the conclusion paragraph.
2. Circle the hook.
3. What is the general topic of the essay?
4. Underline the thesis.
5. Underline each of the topic sentences.
6. Do each of the topic sentences support the
thesis?
7. Does the conclusion paragraph start by
restating the thesis?
8. What structure of idea development is used
in the essay above?
 1. How to develop effective study habits for
Directions: Write an academic success.
2. The impact of social media on everyday
informative essay. You may life.
3. The impact of artificial intelligence
choose from the list of towards academic life of the students.
4. The cause and effect of sleep deprivation
topics. Be sure to choose on academic performance and health.
5. The secret life of cats: Decoding feline
appropriate structure of behavior.
6. The art of napping: Benefits and strategies
idea development in of optimal power naps.

writing.
 RUBRIC FOR INFORMATIVE ESSAY
Category 4-exceeds standards 3- meet standards 2-Almosts at standards 1-below standards

Introductory paragraph The introduction is inviting, states the The introduction clearly states the The introduction clearly states the There is no clear introduction of the
main topic and previews the structure main topic and preview the structure main topic, but does not adequately main topic or structure of the paper.
of the paper. Includes all necessary of the paper, but is not particularly preview the structure of the paper not Does not include all the necessary
elements of an introductory inviting to the reader. Includes all is it particularly inviting to the reader. elements of an introductory
paragraph. necessary elements of an Does not include all the necessary paragraph.
introductory paragraph. elements of an introductory
paragraph.
Body paragraphs organization Details are place in a logical order Details are place in a logical order , Some details are not in a logical or Many details are not in logical or
and the way they are presented but the way in which they are expected order and this distracts the expected order. There is litter sense
effectively keeps the interest of the presented/introduced sometimes reader. Supportive sentences do not that the writing is organized.
reader. Supportive sentences clarify makes the writing less interesting. always clarify and explain the topic Supportive sentences do not clarify
and explain the topic sentence. Supportive sentences clarify and sentence. and explain the topic sentence
explain the topic sentence.
Focus on Topic (Content) There is one clear, well focused Main idea is clear but the supporting Main idea is somewhat clear but The main idea is not clear. There is a
topic. Main idea stands out and is information is general. there is a need for more supporting seemingly random collection of
supported by detailed information. information. information.

Conclusion (Organization) The conclusion is strong and leaves The conclusion is recognizable and The conclusion is recognizable, but There is no clear conclusion, the
the reader with a feeling that they ties up almost all the loose ends. does not tie up several loose ends. paper just ends. Does not include all
understand what the writer is “getting Includes all the necessary elements Does not include all the necessary the necessary elements of a closing
at”. Includes all the necessary of a closing paragraph. elements of a closing paragraph. paragraph.
elements of a closing paragraph.

Grammar & Spelling Consistently follows rules for spelling Generally follows rules for spelling Mostly does not follow rules of Does not follow rules for spelling and
(Conventions) and correct use of grammar. Uses and correct uses of grammar. Uses spelling and correct use of grammar. correct use of grammar. Uses
complete sentences and consistently complete sentences generally and Mostly exhibits errors in sentence sentence structure that makes it quite
indicates paragraph. indicates paragraph often. structure that impede communication. difficult to understand. Does not use
Generally does not indicate paragraphing.
paragraph.
Directions: Exchange work with your seatmate.
Read the work of your classmate and rate his/her
work based on the rubric given. Be sure to
indicate your name as the one who evaluated the
paper.