PATHFIT 3 | SPORTS

MIDTERMMODULE

History of Volleyball

 William G. Morgan, who invented the game of volleyball in 1895, came up with the idea so that people who
found basketball’s ‘bumping’ or ‘jolting’ too strenuous could have an alternative physical activity to fall back
on.
 William G. Morgan, who served as the physical director at the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)
Holyoke, Massachusetts, looked at the sports around and picked the aspects that he thought suited his
brief the best.
 The ball came from basketball, the net from tennis and the use of hands from handball. While this made up
a game of volleyball, it was lent some competitive tone with the introduction of innings - later to be called
sets - that was borrowed from baseball.
 Morgan introduced the sport -- called mintonette, the original name of volleyball -- at the YMCA Physical
Director's Conference a year later at Springfield College, Massachusetts.
 In 1928 it became apparent that official rules were needed, and the USVBA (United States Volleyball
Association) was formed.

 Basic Rules for Playing Volleyball

 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row
 There is a maximum of three hits per side
 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve
 A ball hitting a boundary line is ‘in’
 A ball is ‘out’ if it hits:
 an antennae,
 the floor completely outside the court,
 any of the net or cables outside the antennae,
 the referee stand or pole,
 the ceiling of the venue
 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body
 It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
 If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play and either player involved
may make the next contact (provided the next contact isn’t the teams 4th hit)
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 3 meter line
 After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
 If a team has five players they will have a ghost position and when that position is serving the team will lose
the point and serve.
 The referee/duty crew is made up of two refs, line judges and a scorekeeper.
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 Scoring

 Rally scoring will be used. (There will be a point scored on every score of the ball).
 Offense will score on a defensive miss or out of bounds hit.
 Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or a serve into the net.
 Game will be played to 25 points.
 Must win by 2 points.
 Basic Violation

• Stepping on or over the line on a serve

• Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully

• Hitting the ball illegally (carrying, palming, throwing, etc.)

• Touching the net with any part of your body while the ball is in play

• Reaching over the net

• Reaching under the net

• Failure to serve in the correct order

• Blocks or spikes from a position in which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in the back row
position.
 Facilities and Equipment of Volleyball

The Volleyball Court

 Court Dimensions: The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total. The net in placed in the center of the
court, making each side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet.

 Center Line: A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares, above
which the net is placed.

 Attack Line: An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line.

 Service Line: A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside
the right sideline on each back line.

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Volleyball balls

Volleyballs differ greatly depending on whether they will be used indoors or outdoors.

While indoor volleyballs are moulded together, outdoor volleyballs are stitched. Typically, indoor volleyballs are
made from leather, whereas outdoor balls will usually be made from a composite material that is resistant to water.

Volleyball shorts

Volleyball shorts need to be supremely comfortable and allow you to move freely and without restriction.

Spandex is a super-stretchable material that is perfect for your shorts and you may also wish to look for shorts that
have moisture-wicking material to keep you dry throughout the game.

Volleyball t-shirt

Depending on whether you are playing indoor or outdoor, and what the weather is like when you play, you can opt
for the classic sleeveless athletic t-shirt or choose a long sleeve sport shirt.

Whether sleeved or sleeveless, volleyball t-shirts usually have a number on both the front and back and may carry
your team’s name and logo too.

Volleyball shoes

Volleyball shoes have a gum rubber sole and are designed for the lateral movement that the sport requires. The
middle of the sole is usually made of foam, while the back is more likely to be made from mesh or nylon.

For those playing recreationally, a normal tennis trainer may well be sufficient, but if you are playing more seriously
you will certainly benefit from wearing specially-designed volleyball shoes for men and women.

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Volleyball braces, sleeves and pads

Knee pads are the most important protection for volleyball players. With many low balls being hit, you will need to
kneel to reach them. Bruising and floor burns can be common.

While elbow pads aren't as important a consideration as knee pads, many players will still use them for extra
padding when making a dive to keep a volleyball in play. Arm sleeves are also sometimes worn for the same reason.

Volleyball net and poles

An official volleyball net will measure 32 feet long by 39 inches tall. For men's volleyball, it will be suspended eight
feet off the ground, while for women it will be seven feet and four inches.

The net is held up by poles. Typical volleyball net poles will measure between 10.5 feet and 16 feet in height. Made
from steel or aluminium, they are designed to withstand any strains and tension throughout the course of the
match.

Volleyball penalty cards

Volleyball uses yellow and red cards.

Yellow cards are issued to warn players of bad conduct without a penalty being enforced. Continual misconduct will
lead to a red card and a sanction being applied. This may be for their team to lose the point or to lose service if
they have possession.

If the referee holds up both the red and yellow card, then this is a dismissal and the player must leave the court for
the rest of the set.

 Basic Skills in Playing Volleyball

1. Service
Serving is one of the most crucial skills in volleyball, as it is how the ball is brought into play. A good serve can also
put your opponent out of position, which will result in your team likely winning the point. Serves can either focus
on power, accuracy, or both. Since players rotate through serving, it is important that all players are able to serve
correctly. Serving in volleyball can be both overhand or underhand, so it is important to practice both types.

2. Passing
After serving, passing (also known as bumping when an underhand pass) is the most vital volleyball skill. Passing
involves being the first person to come into contact with the ball
after it crosses over the net. Passing can be underhand, which involves using the forearms as a bridge to bump the
ball upward, or overhand. Passing is crucial, as it sets up we next stage of a volley, which is the attack.

3. Setting
Setting in volleyball is the second hit after a bump or dig that sets up a teammate for a spike. Setting is crucial in
volleyball, as a good set can enable your opponent to win the point with a well-placed spike, while a bad set will
put your team out of position and possibly cost you the point. Volleyball players must practice setting the ball in
training, which can be done individually or with teammates.

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4. Hitting
Once the first and second players on a volleyball team have contacted the ball by passing or setting, it is up to the
rest of the players to set up an attack in order to send the ball back over the net. The most common way to do this
is by hitting, which is a sharp, usually overhand blow to the ball designed to send it over the net. Hits come in
various forms, but they require good passes and sets to make them work, and timing is crucial.

Spiking is a form of mid-air, overhead hitting that is very common volleyball. Spiking involves a volleyball player
making their team's third contact with the ball by taking a few steps forward, jumping into the air as the second
player sets the ball into position, and then driving it over the net with a hard, overhand strike that aims it towards
the court on the other side. An effective spike can be lethal to the opposing team, as they are very hard to defend,
which is why spiking is such a vital skill.

5. Digging
Digging in volleyball is a crucial defensive technique that involves a player bumping a ball below their waist, closer
to the floor than a regular bump. Digging is one of the more advanced skills in volleyball, but is extremely
important. A player that is a solid digger will be able to keep rallies going for longer and also can lead to another
player performing a set, which will result in their team winning more points.

6. Blocking
The key defensive tactic in volleyball, blocking involves players on the receiving side of the net attempting to
prevent the ball from coming down on their side. To block, players on the defending side jump vertically in front of
the net when they sense that the ball is about to be hit over by the other team. They extend their arms vertically
upwards, using their hands to form a wall that the ball can rebound off of. Blocking can be extremely effective
against hits, and sometimes even against spikes, so it is a crucial skill to master.

 Different roles in playing Volleyball

The setter-serves as the team’s playmaker, setting up the ball for attackers and directing the offense.
The outside hitter- positioned on the left side, is responsible for receiving serves and executing powerful attacks.
The middle blocker- located at the center of the court, focuses on blocking opponents’ attacks and performing quick
offensive plays.
The opposite hitter- situated on the right side, takes on hitting and blocking responsibilities while also acting as a
backup setter.
The libero-a specialized defensive player, excels in serve reception and digging but cannot attack or block.
Defensive specialist-is a versatile back-row player, concentrating on serve reception, digging, and serving.

Prepared by:
Ms. Jessabel Ranido

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