INGLES INTERMEDIO II

UNIDAD III
OUR MEETING

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SEMANA 5

Introducción
Como bien sabemos que las áreas laborales y la vida rutinaria cada vez están mas
escasa de tiempo y las exigencias son mayores en un menor tiempo. Es por ello, que
es necesario incorporar herramientas de todo tipo para ser el mejor componente
laboral dentro de una empresa. El idioma inglés, así como otros idiomas universales
hoy por hoy se han transformado en un “must” que debe ser para su perfil.

En este nivel, ya estamos preparados a un nivel medio de desenvolvernos

ampliamente en conversaciones laborales y por supuesto cotidianas, con mayor
fluidez y seguridad. En el nivel anterior, también se entregó la primera parte de
fonética: vocales y diptongos; en esta instancia sumaremos todas las consonantes,
de manera que ya no habrá excusas para no tener una buena pronunciación, junto a
un apoyo mayor de conocimientos.

Durante esta semana veremos estudiaremos mas vocabulario relacionado con las
Finanzas y Negocios, al mismo tiempo explicamos la herramienta gramatical: Phrasal
Verbs que son, para que sirven y como se usan. En esta instancia, se enseña en el
área de negocio, trabajo y dinero. Finalmente, se enseña la fusión de de adjectivos +
preposiciones, cómo se usan y sus combinaciones

El nivel intermedio II, es de mayor complejidad y desafíos, se solicita por parte del
alumno que aplique estos conocimientos, y también que tenga motivación de
investigar frente a la duda, todo esto junto a una disciplina necesaria de estudios a
nivel virtual.

Esperamos que este nivel sea de gran ayuda para vuestra vida personal y
profesional. ¡Comencemos!

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 (Main Ideas) Ideas Fuerza
1.- Phrasal Verb: are grammatical tools that help us to create actions
2.- Adjective + Preposition: are used to express feeling about certain situation or things
3- Cash Flow: refers to the money that your company spends on its expenses and other
business activities.
4.- AOB: Any Other Business

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 Desarrollo

1.-Business Meeting Vocabulary:

Fuente Imagen: https://www.espressoenglish.net/english-phrases-for-meetings/

As we previously studied some steps of how to develop certain concepts of a business

meeting. Nowadays, we are dealing everyday with business approachings and we need
to refresh and put in practice our grammar knowledge and new vocabulary.

Let ´s suppouse that you have to deal qith a business meeting but at the same time to
talk about finantial aspect of your Company. So you need to learn and put into practice
certain vocabulary of both áreas:

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Here you have a list words and vocabulary:

Business Vocabulary

absent not present The vice president is absent due

adj to unforeseen circumstances.

accomplish succeed in doing We have a lot

verb to accomplish today, so let's
begin.

address deal with; speak on I hope we do not have

verb to address this matter again in
the future.

adjourn close a meeting If there are no further comments,

verb we will adjourn the meeting
here.

agenda list of objectives to cover in a Please forward the agenda to

noun meeting anyone who is speaking at the
meeting.

AGM Annual (yearly) General We always vote for a new

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noun(abbr.) Meeting chairperson at the AGM.

allocate assign roles/tasks to certain I forgot to allocate someone to

verb people bring refreshments.

AOB Any Other Business The last item on the agenda

noun(abbr.) (unspecified item on agenda) is AOB.

apologies item on agenda announcing Everyone is present today, so

noun people who are absent; we can skip the apologies.
apologies for absence

ballot a type of vote, usually in writing Please fold your ballot in half
noun and usually secret before you place it in the box.

board of group of elected members of an The board of directors meets

directors organization/company who once a month to discuss the
noun meet to make decisions budget.

boardroom a large meeting room, often has The boardroom is reserved for a
noun one long table and many chairs managers' meeting, so we'll have
to meet in the lounge.

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brainstorm thinking to gather ideas Let's take a few minutes
verb and brainstorm some ways that
we can cut costs.

casting vote deciding vote (usually by The role of treasurer was decided
noun the chairman) when the based on the chairman's casting
votes are otherwise equal vote.

chairperson/ the person who leads or As chair, it is my pleasure to

chair presides at a meeting introduce to you, Mr. Allan Davis.
noun

clarification/ explanation/proof that Before we address this matter, I'll

verification something is need some clarification as to who
noun true/understood was involved.

closing last thoughts spoken in a I just have a few closing

remarks meeting (i.e. reminders, remarks and then you will all be
noun thank yous) free to go.

collaborate work together as a The board fell apart because the

verb pair/group members had
difficulty collaborating.

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commence begin We will commence as soon as the
verb last person signs the attendance
sheet.

comment express one's opinions or If you have a comment, please

verb or noun thoughts raise your hand rather than speak
out.

conference formal meeting for Before the conference there will be

noun discussion, esp. a regular a private meeting for board
one held by an members only.
organisation

conference telephone meeting Please make sure I have no

call between three or more interruptions while I'm on
noun people in different the conference call.
locations

confidential private; not to be shared Any financial information shared

adjective during this meeting should be
kept confidential.

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consensus general agreement If we cannot come to
noun a consensus by the end of the
meeting we will put it to a vote.

deadline due date for completion The deadline for buying tickets to
noun the conference is May 25th.

designate assign If no one volunteers to take the

verb minutes I will be forced
to designate someone.

formality a procedure (often Everyone knows who is going to be

noun unnecessary) that has to the next vice president, so this vote
be followed due to a rule is really just a formality.

grievance complaint The first item on the agenda relates

noun to a grievance reported by the
interns.

guest speaker person who joins the group I am delighted to welcome

noun in order to share our guest speaker Holly, who is
information or deliver a going to be offering some sales
speech pitch tips.

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implement make something happen; It's not a question of whether or not
verb follow through we're going to use this idea, it's
whether or not we know how
to implement it.

mandatory required It is mandatory that all supervisors

adjective attend Friday's meeting.

minutes a written record of Before we begin with today's

noun everything said at a meeting, let's quickly review
meeting the minutes from last month.

motion a suggestion put to a vote The motion to extend store hours

noun has been passed.

objectives goals to accomplish I'm pleased that we were able to

noun cover all of the objectives today
within the designated time.

opening chairperson or leader's first As I mentioned in my opening

remarks words at a meeting (i.e. remarks, we have to clear this
noun welcome, introductions) room before the end of the hour.

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overhead machine with a special I'm going to put a pie chart on
projector light that projects a the overhead projector so that
noun document onto a screen or everyone can visualize how our
wall so that all can see profits have declined.

participant person who attends and Can I have a show of hands of all
noun joins in on an event of those who were participants in
last year's conference?

proxy vote a vote cast by one person There must have been one proxy
noun for or in place of another vote because I count twelve ballots
but only eleven attendees.

punctual on time (not late) Firstly, I want to thank you all for
adjective being punctual despite this early
meeting.

recommend suggest I recommend that you sit closer to

verb the front if you have trouble
hearing.

show of raised hands to express an From the show of hands it

hands opinion in a vote appears that everyone is in favour
noun of taking a short break.

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 strategy plan to make something We need to come up with
noun work a strategy that will allow us to have
meetings less frequently.

unanimous in complete agreement; The vote was unanimous to cut

adj united in opinion work hours on Fridays.

vote to express (the expression We need to vote for a new vice

verb or noun of) an opinion in a group by chairperson now that Jerry is
voice or hand etc retiring.

wrap up finish Let's wrap up here so that we can

verb get back to our desks.

Financial Vocabulary:

1. Interest Rate
Interest is the amount the bank will charge you or your company for the money you
borrow from them. That amount, or interest rate, is expressed as a percentage of the
loan.
2. Investment
The noun investment refers to money that you put into your business, property, stock,
etc., in order to make a profit or earn interest.
3. External capital

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The word external means outside. Capital refers to your money or assets. So, external
capital refers to the money that a company receives from outside sources.
4. Cash outflow
Cash outflow refers to the money that your company spends on its expenses and other
business activities.
5. Revenue
Your revenue is the amount of money your company makes from the sale of goods and
services.
6. Profit
Profit describes the amount of revenue your company gains after excluding expenses,
costs, taxes, etc. The goal of every business is to make profit.
7. Loss
In finance, we often hear the phrase profit and loss. Loss is when you lose money. It’s
the opposite of profit, and it’s a word that no one in finance ever wants to hear. Still, it’s
something that can happen when a company makes less money than it spends.
8. Recession
When we talk about a recession, we’re referring to a period of significant (major) decline
in a country’s economy that usually lasts months or years.
9. Debt
Debt refers to any kind of borrowing such as loans, mortgages, etc. Debts are a way for
you or your company to borrow money (usually for large purchases) and repay it at a
later date with interest.
10. Collateral
Collateral is something valuable, such as a property you own, that
you pledge (temporarily give to) a bank, financial company or other moneylender as a
guarantee of your loan repayment.
The moneylender will hold your collateral until your loan is completely paid in full. If you
fail to make your loan payments, the bank will seize (take away) your property to recover
their losses. This way, there’s no risk that they’ll lose the money they gave you.
11. Mortgage

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A mortgage is a loan in which your property—most commonly your house—will be held
by a bank or other moneylender as collateral. You’ll receive a loan for the value of the
property. This means the moneylender will hold your property until your loan has been
fully repaid.
12. Short-term loan
As a business or individual, you can borrow money from the bank for short periods of
time. A short-term loan is usually repaid in less than five years.
13. Long-term loan
Sometimes businesses need to buy assets, equipment, inventory and other
things. Banks offer long-term loans for businesses that need to borrow a large amount of
money for a longer period of time.
14. Credit rating
The credit rating of a person or company is either a formal evaluation or an estimate of
their credit history, and it indicates their potential ability to repay any new loans.
15. Overdraft
An overdraft is when you spend more money than you have in your bank account. The
bank will often make you pay an overdraft fee if you do this.
If you have an overdraft account, this simply means that your bank will allow you to
continue withdrawing (taking out) money from you account, even when you don’t
have available funds (enough money) in your account to cover your withdrawal amount.
There will still be some limits on how much you can overdraft, but having this special
type of bank account means you don’t have to worry as much about those overdraft
fees.
16. Shares
Some companies divide their capital into shares and offer them for sale to create more
capital for the company.
If you own shares in a company, you’re known as a shareholder. Each share you hold
represents a unit of your ownership of the company.
Owning shares in a company doesn’t mean you have control over the day-to-day
running of the business, but it does entitle (allow) you to receive a share of its profits.

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17. Stocks
The word stocks is a general term used to describe the ownership certificates of any
company. The holder of a company’s stocks is a stockholder. As a stockholder, you’re
entitled to a share of the company’s profit based on the number of stocks you hold.
18. Rally
As you know, stock markets go up and down. A stock market rally is when a large
amount of money is entering the market and pushing stock prices up.
So, a rally is good news for investors, because it means that the market is recovering
after being down.
19. Bull market
Stop for a moment and picture a bull charging at an enemy—or even at you! Aggressive,
right? Its horns are facing upwards, and they’re coming at you fast.
A bull market is a financial market situation where stock prices are up (just like the bull’s
horns) as a result of investor confidence and the expectations of a strong market.
20. Bear market
Now picture a bear as it tries to swipe (swing) its paws at its enemy, or you. It’s probably
standing up and its paws are above you, moving downwards.
A bear market is the opposite of a bull market. In a bear market, stock prices are falling
and the financial market is down—the bear’s paws are facing downwards, and coming
down on its enemies.
21. Loan
Money that someone borrows from a bank, person or organization. They set some
conditions to borrow it to you.
Ex: My dad loaned me the money.

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 Pregunta de Reflexión :

You are in a middle of a meeting, and you need to express all the incomes, losses
and a started Budget that you had, so please express it with the whole vocabulary
given above.

2. Phrasal Verbs: What it is and its clasifications

Fuente Imagen: Office

Phrasal Verbs are grammatical tools that help us to create actions and are very common
in English language.

Its structure is like this:

Main Verb + Preposition (with, to forward,by,etc) or Adverb.

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Sometimes they can be conmbined like this:

Main verb + preposition + preposition

When you need to translate them, you need to get the whole meaning an not Word by
word

Example:

“Investments grow up very slowy this semester”

Verb Preposition

There are 4 kinds of Phrasal Verbs that we will check now, and later we will study those
related with Business, Money and Work:

1)Separated Phrasal Verbs: Some phrasal verbs can be separated in the sentence, and it
keeps its meaning, so the object is located between the verb and a preposition, example:

a)Please turn off the radio, I try to sleep

b)Please turn the radio off, I try to sleep

2)Inseparable Phrasal Verbs: There are some phrasal verbs that cannot be separated in
a sentence, they must be located according to gramatical rules, and the object is located
after a preposition.

Example:

I carry out with every step of this Project

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3)Intransitive Phrasal Verbs: these are which don´t need an object to make a sentence, it
is not need to name it and it can be understood as well.

Example:

When the sun rises, I get up

4) Phrasal Verbs of 3 words: it is compounded by 1 verb and 2 prepositions, it always has

an object, example:

I try to cut down on fat food, I need to be healthy

If you need to learn about phrasal verbs, you need to practice, read and study them.

Now let ´see some of them by area:

WORK PHRASAL VERBS: You ´ll find some typical phrasal verbs that you can use for
working issues

FARM OUT: give work to other people instead of doing it yourself, example:

“Some agencies farm out some projects to freelance translators”

EASE OFF: start to work les sor do things with less energy, example:

“After my 50´s, I will ease off my duties at work, I want to rest”

STEP ASIDE: leave a job or position espacially so that someone else can do it, example:

I step aside when somenone has more experience than me

PLUG AWAY: work hard at something for a long time, example:

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I have been plugging away for hour in this work

COBBLE TOGETHER: make something quickly and not very carefully, example:

I have to cobble something together before my boss arrives

COAST ALONG: do only things that you have to do without trying to go faster or be more
successful, example:

I do a lot of efforts in my job and some people just coast along and not try to do more

FLING INTO: start to spend a lot of your time and energy on doing something, example:

In my new job I have to fly myself into to fullfil my duties in order to have all of them ready
at the end of the day

BEAVER AWAY: work hard at soemthing for a long time especially something your are
writing, example:

He has been beavering away this in project during the whole month

GET OFF: leave the place where you work, usually at the end of the day, example:

When I finish my project I will get off earlier

BUSINESS PHRASAL VERBS

Here you have some phrasal verbs that will help to use in business área, example:

AIM something AT somebody = intend something to influence someone or be noticed or

bought by someone

Break into something = become involved in a type of business or activity that is difficult to
become involved in

Bring something/somebody in /// Bring in somebody/something = attract people,

encouraging them to buy products or services

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Bring out something /// Bring something out = Produce something to sell to the public

Buy out= buy a Company so you own all of it.

Deal in something= buy and sell particular goods as a business

Firm up something or firm something up = make something more definite or precise or

less likely to change

Head up = be in charge of

Hive off= separate one part of the Company from the rest

Look after= responsable for

Set up= give the money to start a business

Sign up somebody or firm something up = get someone to sign a document stating they
will work for you

Turn out something or turn something out = make or produce something for sale

Turn over something or turn something over = generate a specific amount of money in a
particular period of time

MONEY phrasal Verbs:

Here you have some examples of MONEY phrasal verbs:

Bail someone out= Help a person or organization to get out of difficulty by giving them
money

Run through= spend a lot very quickly

Coughed up = provided money, often unwillingly

Work off = reduce the size of a debt by earning money to pay for it.

Set someone back = cost a particular amount of money, usually a large amount

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Clean someone out = you used all the money you had on it

Square up= pay somebody the money that you owe them

Came into= got money from someone who died

Rolling in = arriving in large amounts

Ploughing back = putting money that you have earned into a business in order to make
the business bigger or better.

Put aside = to save or preserve for the future (money).

Here you have a story that some new phrasal verbs are involved on it:

These days, many of us are living in tough times. The economic crisis is making life
difficult for many people in this country. We’re all having to economise and cut back on
our spending. Nowardays there is less credit available in the money markets and this is
having a knock-on effect in our lives.

Unemployment is going up and house prices have gone down over the last few years.
The Bank of England used tax payers’ money to bail out many of the banks which were
facing insolvency due to their poor investments in so-called ‘toxic assets’ (many of them
originating in the American sub-prime real estate markets). The government lowered
interest rates to help people pay off their bank loans and mortgages. VAT was lowered to
15% in order to encourage us to splash out in shops up and down the country, and inject
more money into the economy.

Some people are not being affected so seriously; particularly the wise individuals who
have saved up their money in secure savings accounts. When they need to, they can just
dip into their savings in order to pay for an unexpected household repair or a much

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needed holiday. But for many of us, we just have to get by every month on our monthly
salaries. It’s not easy though, particularly in London when everything is so expensive. We
try to pay off our loans and mortgages while trying to avoid taking too much cash out of
the many cash machines which are available to us all over the city.

The energy companies in particular seem to be ripping everyone off with the price of oil
and electricity. It’s almost as though they’re using global warming as an excuse for
charging us extortionate amounts for our energy, even though wholesale market prices
have dropped in recent months. There’s something rotten going on somewhere.

Big companies and banks seem to get protection from the state, while the average tax
payer has to pick up the pieces by working harder, cutting back on our spending,
moving into more modest accommodation, or accepting badly paid work because we
have no choice. Perhaps it has to be that way – the big companies have to be protected
in order to support the economy. It just seems a little unfair that’s all, and I’m sure there
are some CEOs and directors who are still doing very well while the rest of us struggle to
get by.

Still, it’s not all bad. The lower interest rates on bank loans and mortgages mean we don’t
have to pay back so much money each month, and there is now so much freely available
entertainment on the internet that it’s quite easy to have a good time without reaching too
deep into our pockets.

So, take advantage of free internet content like this. But, if you’re doing okay for money at
the moment, and you’re feeling generous – you could always donate some money to me
via PayPal!

Pregunta de Reflexión

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 1.- Try to set some statements and at the same time use some phrasal verbs
in different areas such as business, working and money.

3. Adjectives + Prepositions.

Fuente Imagen: Office

When we use English as a languague we have to be ready to find many ways of how to use
grammatical tools. Now we are going to study how to use and Adjective + preposition
together.

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These are used to express feeling about certain situation or things. Let ´see their different
categories:

1) Adjective + About/With

• I you feel furious/annoyed/angry ABOUT (something) or WITH (somebody for some

reason)

I´m furious about the decision taken by my boss

My husband is annoyed with me because I refused his gift

• You may feel sorry/worry/happy/upset/etc ABOUT a situation:

Do you feel excited about your coming marriage?

Jorge is upset about your lies

• You feel dissapointed/satisfied/unhappy/sad/ etc WITH the result of something ori f you
receive something

I was so happy with the new of your pregnant

Your boss was satisfied with your develop inside of the Company

2) Adjective + AT/BY/WITH

* If you feel Amazed/ shocked/ surprised/etc AT/BY something

I was surprised at the news of your lost

Jennifere was shocked by what I told her

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 • When you feel impressed WITH/BY somebody or something:

I was very impressed with your improvement in this job

• When you feel bored or fed up with something:

They finished their marriage, they fed up with it

3) Sorry ABOUT /FOR

• When you feel sorry about something or situation that happened:

I´m sorry about your lost

• When you feel sorry ABOUT/FOR something you did

My boyfriend is very sorry about his mistakes

I ´m sorry for my last words to you

• You may feel or be sorry FOR somebody who is in unconfortable or bad situation:

I feel sorry for Mark, finally he broke his Company

4) good/stupid/ silly/ nice/etc OF

• When you feel good/stupid/silly/nice/etc OF somebody to do something

It is stupid of me to trust on him again

Thank you for dinner time it was nice of you to invite me

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 • When you are rude/offensive/polite/friendly/cruel TO somebody

Why you were so cruel to me?

He was so polite to her at first time

5) Adjective + OF

Tired/sick/typical/ full/ short/ aware/ conscious/ capable/ incapable/ + OF

I wasn´t aware of your commitment

It´s typical of my brother to be late
Susana is sick of waiting for his husband all time
My test was full of mistakes that ´s why I failed

Sure OF or ABOUT

I think he is coming but I ´m not sure of that / about that

6) Proud/ jealous/critical/terrified/suspicious/afraid/tolerant/proud + OF

Susana was terrified of mouse

He feels so proud of his wife
Are you afraid of let him go?

7) Adjective + to/from/ on/ with/ at/ for/in/

Similar/engaged/married/different + TO

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Your bag is similiar to mine
Jorge is engaged to his beautiful girlfriend
This is different to what he expected

Depend/ keen + ON

I depend on my wife to get well

He is not keen on going out

Famous/ responsible + FOR

He is the responsible for what he did

Argentina is famous for his tango dance

Better/brilliant/bad/good/etc + AT

I´m very good at playing cards

Different + FROM
This is different from what he expected

Crowed +WITH
The streets were crowed with foreigners

Interest + IN something
Are you interest in art sor architecture?

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Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- One of your co workers made mistakes in the last minutes, how can you express
that feeling with the use of adjective+ preposition?

Conclusión
Ya terminada la quinta semana, en esta instancia se extendió el conocimiento
vocabulario nuevo referente a negocios y finanzas, Phrasal Verbs y Adjectivos+
Preposiciones

En la primera parte, entregamos una lista de ambas áreas de Negocios y Finanzas

para poder aplicar dentro de las conversaciones que debamos enfrentrar, es
fundamental que se aplique y actualice esta información día a día por la alta
demanda que nos conlleva el mundo de los negocios.

Por otra parte, se entregó información de lo que es Phrasal Verbs esta

composición gramatical que es de gran uso al momento de utilizar el inglés en lo
hablado, escrito y pensado, como enriquecer nuestro lenguaje y como aplicar de
acuerdo a las reglas gramaticales estos conocimientos nuevos.

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Finalmente, explicamos un concepto adjetivo + preposiciones, la mezcla y sus
variantes para que y cómo se utilizan. Todo esto son herramientas gramaticales
junto a lo anterior, les ayudar a magnificar aún mas vuestra manera de expresarse
de manera más profesional y actualizados.

Esperamos que sigan aplicando estos conocimientos a su práctica diaria así como
ir asociándolos e incorporándolos con lo ya entregado.

Ahora, la invitación es a seguir a la siguiente semana: ¡Adelante!

Referencias

-Swan, M. (1997). How english works: A gramar practice book. With answer.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- Elementary Business Vocabulary in Use (2006), Cambridge University Press

- Oxford Spanish Dictionary (1994), Oxford University Press

- English Grammar in Use (1997), Cambridge University Press

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