Original Text References

Physical activity, sleep is an important Cao, Y., Yang, Z., & Huang, X. (2022).
component of adolescents' 24-h movement Physical activity, sleep quality and life
behavior, and life satisfaction predicts adolescent satisfaction in adolescents: A cross-
physical and mental health. However, few studies sectional survey study. Frontiers in Public
have explored the relationship between the two Health, 10, 1010194.
variables among Chinese high school students. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010
Consequently, this study aimed to explore the 194
relationship between sleep quality and life
satisfaction among Chinese high school students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was
conducted in October 2020 in five high schools in
Xuchang City, China. High school students from
senior 1 to senior 3 were asked to fill up a
questionnaire of demographic characteristics and
validated screen instructions for sleep quality
(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and life
satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The
multivariate regression model was applied to
explore the association between sleep quality
and life satisfaction. Results: A total of 1127
individuals (51.1% males) participated in this
survey, and the prevalence of poor sleep quality
was 42.3%. The mean score on the Satisfaction
with Life Scale was 16.72 ± 5.67, according to the
corresponding scoring criteria, with 15–19 being
generally dissatisfied. After controlling for
demographic variables, the contribution of
subjective sleep quality (β = – 0.181, p < 0.01),
sleep duration (β = – 0.080, p < 0.01) and
daytime dysfunction (β = – 0.311, p < 0.01) to life
satisfaction of high school students increased to
23.2%, indicating that subjective sleep quality,
sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction were
22.9% predictive of life satisfaction among high
school students. And also, physical activity on
schooldays and weekend days were associated
with better sleep quality and higher life
satisfaction (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Among
Chinese high school students, the prevalence of
sleep problems was high, and the majority of
students held moderate life satisfaction. Sleep
quality was positively correlated with life
satisfaction among Chinese high school students,
with better sleep quality resulting in higher life
satisfaction among students.

Poor sleep quality (PSQ) is an increasing health Chaveepojnkamjorn, W., Srikaew, J., &
problem among adolescents. Mobile phones and Satitvipawee, P. (2021). Association
portable media devices have become a part of between media use and poor sleep
children’s lives and may affect their sleep quality among senior high school
duration and quality. This study aimed to explore students: A cross-sectional study.
the prevalence of PSQ and identify the F1000Research, 10, 1116.
association between media use and PSQ among https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.
adolescents studying in high school grades 10-12. 54818.1
Methods: This cross-sectional study was
conducted in central Thailand. A multi-stage
sampling technique was used to enroll 777
adolescents from eight schools from August to
October 2016. The research instruments
comprised factors of demographics and
consumption behaviors and the Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index questionnaire. Multivariable
logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted
odds ratios (OR adj ) and 95% confidence
intervals (CI). Results: Prevalence of PSQ was
56.24%. The study subjects were mostly 16-17
years old (67.82%) and female (70.39%).
Multivariable logistic regression, after controlling
for possible confounders, revealed an increased
odds of PSQ among those who used a social
media device (OR=1.34, 95%CI=0.97-1.87), and
showed a higher proportion of social media use
in the PSQ group. Conclusion: A surveillance
system to detect media use and PSQ should be
conducted accompanied by knowledge sharing
on media use among parents, teachers and
adolescents. To determine causal relationships,
further longitudinal studies will be required to
test the association between media users and
PSQ. This study may also provide some
implications for health promotion on sleep
quality of senior high school students.
recent evidence about this relationship among Carpi, M., Cianfarani, C., & Vestri, A.
university students is limited. The aims of this (2022). Sleep quality and its associations
study are to investigate the prevalence of poor with physical and mental health-related
sleep quality and insomnia and to explore the quality of life among university students:
associations between these outcomes, perceived A cross-sectional study. International
stress, and HRQoL among Italian university Journal of Environmental Research and
students. An anonymous questionnaire Public Health, 19(5), 2874.
comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052874
the Insomnia Severity Index, the Short Form-12
health survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale was
administered to a convenience sample of 1279
students (1119 females and 160 males, mean
age: 23.4 ± 2.5 years) attending one of the largest
Italian universities. A total of 65% of the
participants showed poor sleep quality, whereas
55% reported insomnia symptoms. Students
reporting poor sleep quality and insomnia
obtained higher perceived stress scores and
lower physical and mental HRQoL scores.
Controlling for health-related variables and
perceived stress, hierarchical regression analyses
showed that sleep quality components added a
significant contribution to the prediction of both
physical (∆R2 = 0.1) and mental (∆R2 = 0.02)
HRQoL. As a whole, these findings confirm the
relevance of sleep for university students’ well-
being and might inform the development of
health promotion interventions for this
population.
To examine the prevalence of risk for sleep Gaultney, J. F. (2010). The prevalence of
disorders among college students by gender and sleep disorders in college students:
age, and their associations with grade point Impact on academic performance.
average (GPA). Participants: Participants were Journal of American College Health, 59(2),
1,845 college students at a large, southeastern 91–97.
public university. Methods: A validated sleep https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.
disorder questionnaire surveyed sleep data 483708
during the 2007–2008 academic year. Students’
GPAs were obtained from the office of the
registrar. Results: Twenty-seven percent of
students were at risk for at least one sleep
disorder. African American and Asian students
reported less risk for insomnia and fewer poor
sleep practices relative to white and Latino
students. Students reported insufficient sleep
and a discrepancy between weekday and
weekend amount of sleep. Students at risk for
sleep disorders were overrepresented among
students in academic jeopardy (GPA < 2.0).
Conclusions: Many college students are at risk for
sleep disorders, and those at risk may also be at
risk for academic failure.
We found that physical activity and taking a nap Liu X, Lang L, Wang R, Chen W, Ren X, Lin
may be important factors in improving sleep Y, Chen G, Pan C, Zhao W, Li T, Han C, He
quality and preventing sleep disorders among L, Gu Y. Poor sleep quality and its related
university students. risk factors among university students.
Ann Palliat Med 2021;10(4):4479-4485.
https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-472

Current evidence points to the importance of Castiglione-Fontanellaz, C. E. G.,

sleep for adolescent physical and mental health. Schaufler, S., Wild, S., Hamann, C., Kaess,
To date, most studies have examined the M., & Tarokh, L. (2023). Sleep regularity in
association between sleep duration/quality and healthy adolescents: Associations with
health in adolescence. An emerging line of sleep duration, sleep quality, and mental
research suggests that regularity in the timing of health. Journal of Sleep Research, 32(2),
sleep may also play an important role in well- e13865.
being. To address this aspect of sleep, the https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13865
present study investigated daily variability of
sleep, quantified using the sleep regularity index
(SRI), in 46 adolescents (M = 12.78 ± 1.07 years)
and its association with depressive
symptoms/mental health. Sleep was measured
during a 6 month period (M = 133.11 ± 36.42
nights) using actigraphs to quantify SRI values
calculated for school days, weekends and
holidays. Depressive symptoms and general
psychopathology were assessed at the beginning
(baseline) and end (follow-up) of the actigraphy
measurements. Sleep was most regular during
school days and associated with a longer total
sleep time, shorter sleep onset latency, and
higher sleep efficiency. Moreover, a higher SRI on
school days was associated with fewer
depressive symptoms at follow-up, whereas
higher SRI on weekends was associated with less
overall psychopathology at follow-up.
Furthermore, the change in overall
psychopathology, but not depressive symptoms
across the two assessments was correlated with
sleep regularity index. Our results suggest that
regular timing of sleep is associated with sleep
that is of longer duration and higher quality and
may be protective of adolescent mental health.
Therefore, adolescents should be encouraged
not only to get enough sleep, but also to retain
regular sleeping patterns to promote well-being
and mental health.
This research investigates the risk factors of poor Jaffri, N., Jabeen, T., & Butt, S. F. (2024).
sleep quality on cognitive performance among The relationship of sleep quality and
university students in Karachi, Pakistan. This cognitive failure among university
study employed a quantitative survey-based students: A quantitative study. Journal of
approach. N= 202 participants between 18 to 25 Education and Educational Development,
years were selected through convenient 11(2), 310–322. https://eric.ed.gov/?
sampling technique. Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) (Yi, id=EJ1457004
et. al., 2006) was administered to assess quality
of sleep and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire
(CFQ) developed by Broadbend et. al., 1982 was
used to assess cognitive performance among the
participants. The collected data was thereafter
analyzed using descriptive and inferential
statistics via SPSS (Version 22). Correlation and
regression analysis were done to investigate the
relationship and level of variance between the
variables. Results revealed significant
relationship between sleep quality and cognitive
performance (p <0.05) providing valuable insight
on the importance of sleep and cognitive
performance with regard to young population.
Mathematical skills are essential tools that form Parcon, C. A. S., & Bearneza, F. J. D.
the foundation for understanding complex (2024). Mathematical skills and general
concepts in mathematics relevant to our daily mathematics performance of grade 11
lives. General Mathematics is considered a core students in a public national high school
subject in the senior high school curriculum. This in Southern Negros Occidental,
study investigated the mathematical skills and Philippines. MAIN Journal, 7(2).
General Mathematics performance of Grade 11 https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v7i2.995
students at a public National High School in
southern Negros Occidental, Philippines.
Researchers analyzed the relationship between
these skills and academic performance,
considering potential differences between sexes
and academic strands. Using statistical methods
like the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's
correlation, the study found students
demonstrated approaching proficient
mathematical skills but only developing-level
General Mathematics performance. Significant
differences in verbal skills were observed
between academic strands, while nonverbal skills
varied by both sex and strand. Crucially, a strong
correlation emerged between mathematical skills
and overall performance in General
Mathematics.
The key purpose of this study is to identify the Calingayan, F. M. (2025). Attitude towards
relationship between the attitude of Grade 11 mathematics and academic performance
students of Hungduan National High School of senior high school: Basis for an
toward learning mathematics and their intervention program. Journal of
Mathematics performance. This descriptive study Innovation and Psychology, 3(5).
utilized the Mathematics Attitude Scale by Yasar https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2025.116
(2014) as the main instrument. The findings
indicate that most students demonstrated
positive views about their mathematical abilities;
however, they were unsure about their
enjoyment level and progress in math. In
addition, they showed mixed feelings about
mathematics, demonstrating a neutral
disposition. Further, students showed signs of
confusion about their levels of fear, anxiety, and
distress concerning mathematics, demonstrating
a multifaceted emotional connection with the
subject. Notably, the level of their attitude
toward learning Mathematics determines their
Mathematics performance. In light of the
findings, it is recommended that the attitude
towards learning the subject should also be given
attention, and varied strategies should be utilized
to cater to the needs of students.
Online learning is still a contentious topic today, Legarde, M. A. (2023). Senior high school
particularly in educational institutions that have students' performance in math core
yet to openly use it. Research studies revealed courses—Transition from general math to
that online courses will appear more engaging if statistics and probability: A cross
there is a combination of resources that appeal validation. Palawan State University.
to a wide range of learning styles, which will https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
provide students with multiple ways to learn. n/381853066_Senior_High_School_Stude
Hence, it is the researcher's belief that if nts'_Performance_in_Math_Core_Course
students' perceptions of online learning are s_-
correlated to their learning styles, it will aid in its Transition_from_General_Math_to_Statis
enhancement, particularly in terms of tics_and_Probability_A_Cross_Validation
implementation. Thus, the goal of this study is to
identify students' learning styles and examine if
they influence their perception of the
effectiveness and relative benefits of online
learning. A correlational research design was
used to address the queries raised in this study.
An electronic survey and an online VARK
questionnaire were used to collect the data. The
study included 100 education students from a
state university in the Philippines. The study
revealed a substantial relationship between
students' learning styles and their attitudes
toward online learning. These findings strongly
suggest that relevant learning activities be
designed using information and communication
technology so that students can obtain content
that best suits their needs and learning
preferences, resulting in student satisfaction with
learning and, ultimately, academic success.
Teachers should also expose their students to a
variety of learning activities to address their
learning diversities.
Mathematical Achievement is the competency Pandey, B. D. (2017). A study of
shown by the student in the subject mathematical achievement of secondary
mathematics. Its measure is the score on an school students. International Journal of
achievement test in mathematics. The present Advanced Research, 5(12), 1951–1954.
study is based on the mathematical https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6165
achievement of X class students of Secondary
School in Bageshwar District. A sample
comprised of 200 students studying in class X
was selected randomly from Secondary schools
of Bageshwar district. The research tool
developed and standardized by Dr. Ali Imam
and Dr, Tahira Khatoon was administered to
the students. A descriptive research method
was used in the present research. Statistical
techniques Mean, S.D., and t-test were used to
analyze the data. The result of the study shows
that there is a significant difference between
the mathematical achievements of class X
students of secondary schools on the basis of
their sex and social belongingness, however,
it is interesting to know that rural male and
urban male students are almost similar in their
mathematical achievement scores.
The study examined the impact of teacher - Appiah, J. B., Korkor, S., Arthur, Y. D., &
students’ relationship, student self-efficacy, and Obeng, B. A. (2022). Mathematics
student perception on mathematics achievement in high schools, the role of
achievement. The study was a survey, and the teacher-student relationship,
adopted a structured questionnaire as the students’ self-efficacy, and students’
instrument for data collection. A total sample of perception of mathematics. International
400 students: 112 males and 298 females were Electronic Journal of Mathematics
randomly selected from two public senior high Education, 17(3), em0688.
schools in the Ashanti region. The data gathered https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/12056
were analyzed statistically using structural
equation model. Based on the findings, it was
concluded that the influence teacher-student
relationship has on mathematics achievement
was insignificant whiles students’ self -efficacy
and students’ perception had a positive impact
on mathematics achievement. The outcome of
the analyses recommends that teachers should
aid in promoting students’ attitudes toward
mathematics as well as promoting their self-
efficacy in order to accelerate their mathematics
performance.
Students have different study habits from one Yadav, N. (2024). Study of academic
another and from location to location. It is a achievement of mathematics subject in
crucial component of education since students' the context of study habits of students.
study practices have a big effect on their International Journal of Scientific
achievement in academics. Parents, educators, Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(2).
administrators, and members of the public are https://ijsrmst.com/index.php/ijsrmst/ar
increasingly concerned about the poor level of ticle/view/184
mathematical comprehension in our country.
Researchers and educators have worked very
hard to determine the causes of the low
performance in the subject. Despite all of these
initiatives, the issues persist. Students' study
habits are a powerful indicator of both their
academic performance in mathematics and the
quality of their education. It is unrealistic to
expect students to acquire all there is to know
about a subject from their teachers in the
classroom; students' study habits are a
combination of what they learn in and outside of
the classroom.
Mathematics as self-discipline is regarded to be Verma, N., Chitkara, M., & Malhotra, R.
one of the toughest subjects among students. To (2022). Statistical analysis of study habits
make this toughest to simplest, few things need in mathematics achievement. In AIP
to be cultivated inside you. Study habits are one Conference Proceedings, 2357(1), 080011.
of those things that have been found very useful AIP Publishing.
in the academic success of a student. It is one key https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080558
for a pupil to recognize and increase expertise in
mathematics. These habits need to targeted and
practiced at the early stages. There are higher
probabilities that it would be a long-term asset
for one. The current paper examined the impact
of the study habits of school students on
mathematics achievement. A sample of 200
students was chosen using random sampling
from Government Senior Secondary Schools in
Patiala District, Punjab. Questionnaires have
been drawn to accumulate records of students’
study habits. Students’ outcomes in mathematics
had been additionally been collected from their
achievement in mathematics. Statistical tools has
been used to analyze the data. It was concluded
that students with good study habits exhibit
higher mathematics achievement than students
with low study habits. Besides, the authors also
suggest how to develop good study habits among
students.
Sleep quality is an essential and critical process Bernas, F. A. M., Declaro, A. M. T., Prado,
for improving one's quality of life and well-being Y. R. S., & Villanueva, B. P. (n.d.). A study
that profoundly affects everyday activities. on the factors affecting sleep quality and
Academic performance also plays an essential its correlation to the academic
role in students' lives. The aim of this study is to performance of senior high school
determine if there is a correlation between sleep students in De La Salle University–
quality and academic performance of Senior High Integrated School. In Senior High School
School students (Grades 11 and 12) in De La Salle Research Congress Proceedings. De La
University - Integrated School Manila. This Salle University.
research also serves to identify which factors https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/cgi/
have a significant impact on the sleep quality of viewcontent.cgi?
Senior High School students and if there are any article=1151&context=conf_shsrescon
significant differences between the
subpopulations of DLSU’s Senior High School
level. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
was used to measure sleep quality, while the
students’ term one general average of academic
year 2021 - 2022 was the basis for academic
performance. Additional questions regarding
possible sleep factors that could have had an
effect on the population’s sleep quality were also
included in the questionnaire. A total of 151
responses were collected and showed that the
population generally had poor sleep quality with
an average global PSQI score of 6.95. With the
use of T-test, only 1 out of 10 factors, exercising
before bed, showed significance. No significant
difference was also found when ANOVA was used
to examine the sleep quality of the different
academic strands and levels of aircon usage.
Lastly, correlation analysis showed that there was
no correlation between the general average of
the respondents and their PSQI scores.
Young people’s sleep patterns have changed Vik FN, Nilsen T, Overby NC. Associations
worldwide in recent years, leading investigators between sleep deficit and academic
to assess the relationship between sleep and achievement – triangulation across time
academic performance in Norway, where a and subject domains among students and
negative trend in academic achievement in math teachers in TIMSS in Norway. BMC Public
and science was reported alongside the shift in Health. 2022;22:1790.
sleep patterns. A study published in BMC Public https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-
Health found that there was an association 14161-
between sleep deficits and academic
performance in math and science specifically.
The study used data from the Trends in
International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMSS) from 2015 and 2019. The sample
includes Norwegian ninth grade students and
their mathematics and science teachers who
participated in TIMSS. The TIMSS measures
mathematics and science competence in
Norwegian grades 5 and 9 and also includes
information collected from students and teachers
through questionnaires.
Teachers were asked how much they felt that
students suffering from not enough sleep were
limiting their ability to teach the class. Students
were asked how often they felt sleepy when they
arrived at school in the 2019 data.
Teachers’ reports of changes in the way students’
lack of sleep affected their ability to teach were
compared from 2015 to 2019. In 2015, 37.8% of
science teachers reported that students’
sleepiness did not affect their ability to teach.
This decreased to 23.6% in 2019. There were also
10% fewer math teachers who reported sleep
deficit as an issue in 2015 compared with 2019.
The researchers found that sleepiness affected
mathematics and science achievements
significantly. An increase of 8 score points in
math was associated with students’ reports of
being less sleepy, equivalent to a little less than
half of a year of schooling in Norway. Feeling
sleepy was also associated with a decrease of 5
score points in science academic performance.
Sleep deficits reported by teachers were also
found to be associated with math and science
performance. An increase in sleep deficit was
associated with a decrease of 10 score points in
math in 2015 and 9 score points in 2019. Similar
results were found with performance in science,
with a sleep deficit associated with a decrease in
approximately 10 score points in 2015 and
approximately 6 score points in 2019.
The trend analyses found that the effect of time
on science and math achievement was 13.01 and
8.42 score points, respectively, from 2015 to
2019.
There were some limitations to this study.
Students were not asked about sleepiness in
2015. Teachers were not asked if their students
had had enough sleep but instead were asked if
their sleepiness limited their ability to teach,
making it an indirect measure. A scale with
several items measuring sleep deficit and
sleepiness would have been ideal but was not
used for this study. The questions regarding sleep
were focused on quantity rather than quality of
sleep.
The researchers concluded that there has been
an increase in sleep deficits in students from
Norway from 2015 to 2019. There was a negative
association between sleep deficits and
performance in math and science, with
performance decreasing from 2015 to 2019 due
to an increase in sleep deficits.

Conclusion: The prevalence of poor sleep quality Chandran, P., Kiran, R., & Kurian, N. M.
among medical students in India and its negative (2023). The relationship between sleep
impact on academic performance is alarming. quality and academic performance
Sleep education programs to improve the sleep among undergraduate medical students:
quality of medical students in India remain a A cross-sectional study. International
need of the hour. Journal of Academic Medicine and
Pharmacy, 5(5), 1151–1155.
https://doi.org/10.47009/jamp.2023.5.5.
226

Background Jalali R, Khazaei H, Paveh BK, Hayrani Z,

Sleep is an inseparable part of human health and Menati L. The Effect of Sleep Quality on
life, which is crucial in learning, practice, as well Students' Academic Achievement. Adv
as physical and mental health. It affects the Med Educ Pract. 2020 Jul 17;11:497-502.
capacity of individual learning, academic doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S261525. PMID:
performance, and neural-behavioral functions. 32765154; PMCID: PMC7381801.
This study aimed to determine the relationship
between sleep quality and students’ academic
achievement among students at Kermanshah
University of Medical Sciences.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 102 medical
students from different fields, with maximum
variation sampling, completed Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index (PSQI). For data analysis, SPSS 19
was used through which Pearson correlation test,
Spearman test, and t-test were employed.
Results
Based on the quality of sleep questionnaire
scores, the results indicated no significant
difference between students with high grades
and those with low grades. However, there were
moderate and sometimes severe sleep
disturbances in both groups.
Conclusion
The results showed no significant difference
between sleep quality and academic
achievement. Nevertheless, longitudinal study
should be performed to control for confounding
factors.

The importance of sleep is often underestimated Andalao, B. J., Canales, C. D., Estoquia, K.
by students, especially when faced with K., & Gallega, G. J. (2023). Students’
academic stress. However, sleep plays a critical quality of sleep and their academic
role in both physical and mental health. The performance: Basis for proper time
study "STUDENTS' QUALITY OF SLEEP AND THEIR management. [Preprint]. ResearchGate.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE" was conducted to https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
examine the relationship between sleep quality n/372956688_STUDENTS'_QUALITY_OF_S
and academic performance among Grade 11 LEEP_AND_THEIR_ACADEMIC_PERFORM
STEM students of Zamboanga del Sur National ANCE_BASIS_FOR_PROPER_TIME_MANA
High School Senior High School for the academic GEMENT
year 2022-2023. A final sample of 126 students
was obtained using the convenience sampling
technique, and a five-question survey
questionnaire based on Likert's scale was utilized
for each variable. Descriptive statistics such as
percentage, weighted mean, and standard
deviation were used to analyze and interpret the
data. The study found that the overall status of
sleep quality was high, with sleep efficiency,
sleep duration, and sleep latency being the three
sub-variables that substantiated this result. In
contrast, the overall level of academic
performance was found to be outstanding. To
test the hypothesis of a significant correlation
between sleep quality and academic
performance, Pearson correlation was used.
However, the study found no significant
relationship between students' sleep quality and
academic performance. The Pearson coefficient
of correlation was used to confirm this result. In
conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance
of sleep quality in students' daily lives, especially
concerning academic performance. The research
findings show that there was no significant
correlation between sleep quality and academic
performance among Grade 11 STEM students.
However, it is crucial for students to prioritize
sleep quality to maintain their physical and
mental well-being. By doing so, students can
achieve their academic goals and succeed in their
academic pursuits.
Sleep impacts academic performance. Past Hershner, S. (2020). Sleep and academic
studies focused on the negative influence of performance: Measuring the impact of
shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality on sleep. Current Opinion in Behavioral
GPA. New novel sleep measures have emerged. Sciences, 33, 51–56.
Sleep consistency measures how likely a student https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.11
is to be awake or asleep at the same time each .009
day. Students with greater sleep consistency have
better academic performance. A morning
circadian preference and earlier classes are
associated with higher grades. Later high school
start times may increase sleep duration, but do
not consistently increase GPA, but improve mood
and well-being. If a student is struggling
academically, screening for a sleep disorder is
vital. Devices are under development which may
allow students to better monitor their sleep
habits, sleep consistency, chronotype and sleep
behaviors. For the proactive student, these
devices may enhance sleep behaviors
and academic performance. Schools need to
develop sleep friendly policies and interventions
to promote healthy sleep for their students.