Biology 2002/2010 Book letcode:31

1. Which of the following elements is found in proteins and nucleic acids but does NOT occur in
carbohydrates?
A. Carbon
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
2. Which of the following is important to regulate the entry and exit of materials into and out of
plant cells?
A. Cell wall
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Central vacuole
3. Which of the following terms is a synonymous with a producer?
A. Omnivore
B. Herbivore
C. Carnivore
D. Autotroph
4. Which of the following steps in cellular respiration can take place in the absence of oxygen?
A. Electron transport
B. Glycolysis
C. Krebs cycle
D. Acetyl-CoA formation
5. Which of the following molecules is known as the energy currency of the cell?
A. Glucose
B. Starch
C. Fat
D. ATP
6. Which of the following processes releases oxygen to the atmosphere?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Transpiration
D. Burning of fossil fuels
7. The concentration of which of the following gases is on the increase in the atmosphere in recent
years than before?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Ozone
8. What is the source of the oxygen that green plants release during photosynthesis?
A. Sugar
 B. Carbon dioxide
C. Water
D. Chlorophyll
9. All the living components of the cell are collectively known as what?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Protoplasm
10. With which type of agricultural crops are nitrogen fixing bacteria more associated?
A. Legumes
B. Cereals
C. Vegetables
D. Fruits
11. Which of the following is found in both plant and animal cells?
A. Cell wall
B. Chromoplasts
C. Chromosomes
D. Leucoplasts
12. What is the stored form of sugar that is found in human tissues?
A. Cellulose
B. Coenzymes
C. Nucleic acid
D. Glycogen
13. What happens to a human red blood cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?
A. It becomes turgid.
B. It might swell and burst.
C. It might lose water and shrink.
D. It will remain unchanged.
14. Choose the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration of
eukaryotic cells.
A. H2O
B. O2
C. CO2
D. NADP
15. Choose the cells of the human body that are results of meiosis.
A. Bone cells
B. Brain cells
C. Egg cells
D. Muscle cells
16. Where in the plant cell does the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) take place?
A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
 C. Mitochondrion
D. Chloroplast
17. Which organelle of the cell has a function of modifying proteins for secretion?
A. Golgi body
B. Ribosome
C. Food vacuole
D. Lysosome
18. In which aspect of biodiversity are such measures like richness, abundance and taxonomic
diversity in populations commonly applied?
A. Ecosystem diversity
B. Cultural diversity
C. Species diversity
D. Genetic diversity
19. Among the following, identify the molecule that is an enzyme.
A. Cellulase
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. Glycogen
20. What is the process by which cells like amoeba and white blood cells engulf and internalize
particles such as bacteria?
A. Osmosis
B. Pinocytosis
C. Active transport
D. Phagocytosis
21. An enzyme known as catalase converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. In this
reaction, which one is the substrate?
A. Catalase
B. Hydrogen peroxide
C. Water and oxygen
D. Water only
22. In a honey bee colony, which one of the following is the duty of the queen?
A. Foraging
B. Rearing the young
C. Guarding the hive
D. Reproduction
23. To which of the following molecules is most of the energy released during the Krebs cycle
transferred?
A. ATP
B. FADH2
C. NADH
D. ADP
24. Of the following which cell type is attacked by HIV?
 A. Red blood cell
B. Sperm cell
C. Egg cell
D. T-helper cell
25. Among the following traits of the garden pea studied by Gregor Mendel, identify the one that
did NOT express itself in the F1 generation?
A. Yellow pod colour
B. Violet flower colour
C. Round seed shape
D. Axial flower position
26. In the Miller and Urey’s simulation experiment to study organic molecules formation in primeval
atmosphere of the earth, all the following gases were used except which?
A. Ammonia
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Methane
27. The bones in human hands, flippers of the whale and wings of the bird are known as what?
A. Linker fossils
B. Homologous structures
C. Analogous structures
D. Vestigial structures
28. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Glucose
C. Cellulose
D. Fructose
29. What makes phospholipid molecules arrange themselves into a bilayer in a water medium?
A. The double bonds of the fatty acids
B. The length of the fatty acid chain
C. The presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups
D. Their high solubility in water
30. Which of the following plant groups is a good pioneer colonizer in primary succrssions that start
with bare rocks?
A. Mosses
B. Lichens
C. Liverworts
D. weeds
31. Where in the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle take place?
A. On the cristae
B. In the matrix
C. Between the outer and inner membranes
D. On the inner surface of the outer membrane
32. Regarding seed characteristics, suppose a heterozygous round yellow pea plant of Rr Yy
genotype is selfed and produced 128 seeds, how many of the seeds are expected to be round
yellow?
A. 72
B. 64
C. 32
D. 16
33. If one regularly includes an orange in his daily diet, which deficiency disease would be avoided?
A. Night blindness
B. Pellagra
C. Beriberi
D. Scurvy
34. Which of the following methods of avoiding predation by animal’s mimicry?
A. Resembling another organism
B. Producing warning colouration
C. Fighting away the enemy
D. Running away from the enemy
35. In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments with dogs, which one of the following is the
conditioned stimulus?
A. The sight of food
B. The smell of food
C. The sound of the bell
D. The salivation of the dog
36. Identify the enzyme that is used to cut DNA molecules into small pieces.
A. Urease
B. Reverse transcriptase
C. DNA polymerase
D. Restriction endonuclease
37. Suppose a lady has given birth to four boys in a row, what is the chance that her next child will
be a girl?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 25%
38. Which of the following mechanisms can separate two genes located on the chromosome?
A. Back crossing
B. Crossing over
C. Segregation
D. Independent assortment
39. According to Lamarck’s theory of evolution, what is the origin of new structures that are
necessary for evolution?
A. Mutation
 B. Gene recombination
C. Natural selection
D. Use – and – disuse of a body parts
40. Suppose in a certain population, natural selection removes individuals with average height,
leaving tall and short individuals behind. Which of the following modes of selection is in
operation?
A. Stabilizing selection
B. Normalizing selection
C. Directional selection
D. Disruptive selection
41. If the DNA of the following animals is hybridized to human DNA, with which one of them would
human DNA hybridized more?
A. Horse
B. Chimpanzee
C. Fish
D. Mice
42. In an ecosystem, the presence of which of the following groups is essential in order for the
others to be present?
A. Autotrophs
B. Herbivores
C. Decomposers
D. Omnivores
43. What ate the three components of a DNA molecule?
A. Glucose, Nitrogen and phosphorus
B. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
C. Protein, carbohydrate and fat with base
D. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
44. What is a biome?
A. A group of interacting individuals of the same species
B. The total life zone of the earth’s surface
C. A group of populations that interact with the physical environment
D. A region of the earth characterized by distinctive life forms
45. Which of the following defines ATP?
A. Adenine + Adenosine + a phosphate
B. Adenosine + ribose sugar + double phosphate
C. Adenine + ribose sugar + triple phosphate
D. Nitrogen + sugar + mono phosphate
46. Among the following, which one can be an example of prokaryotic organisms?
A. Paramecium
B. Amoeba
C. Liverwort
D. Bacteria
47. Which alternative best explains speciation?
A. Members of a species diverge genetically and produce new species.
B. It is characterized by minor extinction events.
C. A process that only results from interspecific hybridization.
D. Two different species are able to interbreed in captivity.
48. Choose the alternative that shows the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates.
A. Nucleotide, amino acid
B. Polypeptide, polynucleotide
C. Monosaccharide, polysaccharide
D. Nucleic acid, amino acid
49. Which of the following is expected to produce new combinations of genes?
A. Hybridization of a tall variety of “teff” with a short variety.
B. Keeping a male goat and a female sheep in the same room.
C. Vegetative propagation of fruit trees.
D. Asexual reproduction of unicellular animals.
50. What is implied by biological magnification?
A. Increase in the sizes of organisms with increasing trophic levels.
B. Increase in the number of organisms at higher trophic levels.
C. More concentration of chemicals in organisms of higher trophic levels.
D. Capture of small organisms by large organisms.
51. What is the cause of infectious diseases?
A. The parental genes
B. Micro organisms
C. Carcinogenic substances
D. Bad lifestyles
52. Which of the following compounds is quickly absorbed through the walls of the stomach?
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Sugar
D. Alcohol
53. Coffee and tea are normally grouped into which type of substances?
A. Pulses
B. Perfumes
C. Stimulants
D. Grains
54. What does the feeding relationship in an ecosystem consists of
A. Many stages of community succession
B. Always a network of interconnected food chains
C. One organism feeds on another but itself eaten by another one
D. Recycling of solar energy between the source and the trophic levels
55. Which process of respiration helps to release most of the energy stored in glucose?
A. Oxidative phosphorylation
 B. Glycolysis
C. Fermentation reaction
D. Anaerobic reaction
56. To which biological species do Neanderthal humans belong?
A. Homo erectus
B. Homo habilis
C. Homo sapiens
D. Ardi ramidus
57. When trying to view an object under the microscope and after switching to the high power
objective, which adjustment knob do you use in order to see a clear picture?
A. The coarse adjustment
B. The middle adjustment
C. The fine adjustment
D. The arm of the microscope
58. Which one of the following belongs to the category of heterotrophic organisms?
A. Algae
B. Fungi
C. Higher plants
D. Mosses
59. Which of the following is the most abundant polysaccharide found in plants?
A. Glycogen
B. Sucrose
C. Cellulose
D. Starch
60. Choose the alternatives that illustrates the medical application of biotechnology.
A. Bio-fuel production
B. Biosensors for testing blood glucose level
C. DNA finger printing technology
D. Protein production from single cells
61. Which of the following molecules is capable of mutation?
A. Nucleic acids
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipids
62. If you observe a piece of paper on which several small squares are drawn, under which of the
following magnifications of the microscope do you count more number of the squares?
A. 40X
B. 100X
C. 400X
D. 1000X
63. A number of viruses, including HIV, have more than one strain. This shows that viruses are:
A. Capable of living outside their hosts
 B. Capable of mutation
C. Capable of reproduction
D. Obligate parasites
64. Identify the statement that more correctly explains why each cell contains so many different
types of enzymes? Enzymes are:
A. consumed in the process of catalysis
B. used over and over again
C. specific to their substrates
D. easily synthesized in the cell.
65. When is a behavior referred to as stereotyped? When:
A. an animal responds similarly to all stimuli
B. all members of a species respond in the same way to a stimulus
C. a behavior is easily earned
D. an animal ignores a stimulus because it is familiar with it
66. Which of the following is a mismatch between a biome and what it contains?
A. Savanna – large herbivores
B. Desert – cacti
C. Deciduous forest – evergreen trees
D. Tropical rainforest – high biodiversity
67. In an ecosystem that consists of grasses, birds, grasshoppers and frogs, which of the following
food chin is possible?
A. Grass Frog Grasshopper Bird
B. Grass Grasshopper Frog Bird
C. Grass Bird Grasshopper Frog
D. Bird Frog Grasshopper Grass
68. If an animal inhales a radioactive form of oxygen, in which of the following products of the
cellular respiration would the radioactivity be detected?
A. Water
B. Carbon dioxide
C. ATP
D. NADH
69. If pieces of fresh potato are kept for some time in sugar solutions of 20%, 10%, 5% and distilled
water, which piece will gain the highest percentage of weight?
A. The one in 20% solution
B. The one in 10% solution
C. The one in 5% solution
D. The one in distilled water
70. Suppose a lost and found baby is claimed by the four families whose blood genotypes are shown
below. If the baby has blood type O, which of the families is the possible parent?
A. AO and BB
B. AA and OO
C. AO and BO
 D. AB and OO
71. For what objective so geneticists engineer the Bt gene of Bacillus thuringiensis into crop plants?
To make the plant:
A. resistant to insect pests
B. resistant to pesticides
C. resistant to herbicides
D. produce food of improved quality
72. among the following fossil forms of the human evolutionary ancestors, which one was the first
to develop the ability to walk upright?
A. Homo erectus
B. Homo habilis
C. Ardipithecus ramidus
D. Australopithecus afarensis
73. Suppose a girl, after watching her mother making “enjera” on several occasions successfully did
it herself, what type of learning is this?
A. Sensitization
B. Imprinting
C. Habituation
D. Latent learning
74. Assuming that each of the following is separately analyzed, which one is expected to give more
variety of organic molecules?
A. A virus
B. A molecule of DNA
C. A mitochondrion
D. A polysaccharide
75. Which evolutionary evidence was very unlikely to have been used by Darwin in the formulation
of the theory of evolution?
A. Comparative anatomy
B. Comparative biochemistry
C. Fossils
D. Geographical distribution
76. Which of the following alternatives best defines gene flow?
A. The movement of genetic material from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
B. The transmission of genetic information from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
C. The transmission of genetic information from one population to another.
D. The movement of genes from one chromosomes to another.
77. Which one of the following corresponds to the first step of the scientific method?
A. Analyze the data collected
B. Identify a topic to be studied
C. Undertake the research
D. State the results
78. Which of the following makes a food web of an ecosystem different from a food chain?
 A. Presence of many tropic levels.
B. Clear sign of the cycling of materials.
C. Presence of many interconnected food chains.
D. Presence of many organisms through which energy passes.
79. What term is used to describe the chemical process of living organisms that involves both the
joining up of monomers to produce polymers and the splitting of polymers to monomers?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Metabolism
D. Polymorphism
80. Choose the environmental factor that decreases both with increasing altitude and latitude?
A. Temperature
B. Sunlight
C. Moisture
D. Fertility of soil
81. The carbon dioxide produced during the respiratory cycle and other processes is largely
absorbed by which of the following?
A. The ozone layer
B. Animals
C. Plants
D. The sky
82. Which process of life is grouped into autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in
others?
A. The transport system
B. The aspect of Nutrition
C. Anaerobic respiration
D. The coordination system
83. How do the two strands of DNA combine to form a molecule?
A. A base of one strand pairs with a complementary base of the other strand.
B. The phosphate of one strand combines with the phosphate of the other strand.
C. The sugar of one strand combines with the complementary sugar of the other strand.
D. A ribose sugar combines with a deoxyribose sugar on the DNA strand.
84. Which of the following is true about the first stage of photosynthesis?
A. Light – dependent
B. Temperature – dependent
C. ATP – driven
D. Glucose – driven
85. To which category of enzymes do the digestive enzymes that breakdown food substances in the
human alimentary canal belong?
A. Intracellular enzymes
B. Globular enzymes
C. Extracellular enzymes
 D. Fibrous enzymes
86. Of the following information, which one was most important to the development of the
techniques of modern genetic engineering?
A. The knowledge about recessive characters
B. The discovery of lethal genes
C. The formation of Punnett squares
D. The knowledge about the structure of DNA molecule