North Africa

1. Algeria – Algiers
Mnemonic: "Algeria aligns with Algiers."
2. Egypt – Cairo
Mnemonic: "Cairo has pyramids in Egypt."
3. Libya – Tripoli
Mnemonic: "A trip to Libya is in Tripoli."
4. Morocco – Rabat
Mnemonic: "Moroccans 'rabat' (wrap) themselves in tradition."
5. Sudan – Khartoum
Mnemonic: "Sudan's history looms in Khartoum."
6. Tunisia – Tunis
Mnemonic: "Tunisia = Tunis, easy!"

West Africa

1. Benin – Porto-Novo
Mnemonic: "Benin has a new port in Porto-Novo."
2. Burkina Faso – Ouagadougou
Mnemonic: "Burkina Faso is a tongue-twister in Ouagadougou!"
3. Cape Verde – Praia
Mnemonic: "Cape Verde's beaches are at Praia."
4. Gambia – Banjul
Mnemonic: "The Gambian banjo is in Banjul."
5. Ghana – Accra
Mnemonic: "Accra is the capital of Golden Ghana."
6. Guinea – Conakry
Mnemonic: "Guinea’s Conakry sounds like currency."
7. Guinea-Bissau – Bissau
Mnemonic: "Bissau is part of Guinea-Bissau."
8. Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) – Yamoussoukro
Mnemonic: "Ivory's Yams are in Yamoussoukro."
9. Liberia – Monrovia
Mnemonic: "Liberia honors Monroe in Monrovia."
10. Mali – Bamako
Mnemonic: "Mali’s capital goes 'bam' at Bamako."
11. Mauritania – Nouakchott
Mnemonic: "Mauritania has 'nouveau' ideas in Nouakchott."
12. Niger – Niamey
Mnemonic: "Niamey is near the Niger River."
13. Nigeria – Abuja
Mnemonic: "Nigeria's Abuja is absolutely booming."
14. Senegal – Dakar
Mnemonic: "Senegal drives Dakar rallies."
15. Sierra Leone – Freetown
Mnemonic: "Sierra Leone's freedom is in Freetown."
 16. Togo – Lomé
Mnemonic: "Togo to Lomé for fun!"

East Africa

1. Burundi – Gitega
Mnemonic: "Burundi has 'G'reat Gitega."
2. Comoros – Moroni
Mnemonic: "Moroni is calm like the Comoros islands."
3. Djibouti – Djibouti (City)
Mnemonic: "Djibouti repeats itself!"
4. Eritrea – Asmara
Mnemonic: "Eritrea admires Asmara."
5. Ethiopia – Addis Ababa
Mnemonic: "Addis Ababa adds beauty to Ethiopia."
6. Kenya – Nairobi
Mnemonic: "Kenya's nature blooms in Nairobi."
7. Madagascar – Antananarivo
Mnemonic: "Antananarivo sounds as exotic as Madagascar."
8. Malawi – Lilongwe
Mnemonic: "Malawi’s lakes are long, like Lilongwe."
9. Mauritius – Port Louis
Mnemonic: "Port Louis is lush like Mauritius."
10. Mozambique – Maputo
Mnemonic: "Maputo maps Mozambique's beauty."
11. Rwanda – Kigali
Mnemonic: "Rwanda is kind and green in Kigali."
12. Seychelles – Victoria
Mnemonic: "Seychelles' beauty is a victory in Victoria."
13. Somalia – Mogadishu
Mnemonic: "Somalia is in motion at Mogadishu."
14. South Sudan – Juba
Mnemonic: "South Sudan's joy is in Juba."
15. Tanzania – Dodoma
Mnemonic: "Dodoma is Tanzania's domain."
16. Uganda – Kampala
Mnemonic: "Uganda camps in Kampala."

Central Africa

1. Angola – Luanda
Mnemonic: "Angola's Luanda loves rhythm."
2. Cameroon – Yaoundé
Mnemonic: "Yaoundé yawns in Cameroon."
3. Central African Republic (CAR) – Bangui
Mnemonic: "CAR bangs into Bangui."
 4. Chad – N'Djamena
Mnemonic: "Chad’s jam is in N'Djamena."
5. Congo (Republic) – Brazzaville
Mnemonic: "Brazzaville is brassy in Congo."
6. Congo (DRC) – Kinshasa
Mnemonic: "Kinshasa keeps the DRC dynamic."
7. Equatorial Guinea – Malabo
Mnemonic: "Equatorial Guinea's map loves Malabo."
8. Gabon – Libreville
Mnemonic: "Libreville liberates Gabon."
9. São Tomé and Príncipe – São Tomé
Mnemonic: "São Tomé repeats its name."

Southern Africa

1. Botswana – Gaborone
Mnemonic: "Botswana grabs Gaborone."
2. Eswatini (Swaziland) – Mbabane
Mnemonic: "Eswatini's music beats in Mbabane."
3. Lesotho – Maseru
Mnemonic: "Lesotho masters Maseru."
4. Namibia – Windhoek
Mnemonic: "Namibia’s winds blow in Windhoek."
5. South Africa – Pretoria (admin), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)
Mnemonic: "South Africa shares its capitals."
6. Zambia – Lusaka
Mnemonic: "Zambia lights up Lusaka."
7. Zimbabwe – Harare
Mnemonic: "Zimbabwe’s heritage is in Harare."

Tips for Memorization:

1. Visualize the Map: Place capitals on a blank map.

Would you like a blank map or a quiz to test your knowledge?

In Africa, mountains are classified into several types based on their formation processes. The
main types of mountains in Africa are:
 1. Volcanic Mountains:
These mountains are formed by volcanic activity, where magma from beneath the
Earth's crust escapes to the surface, creating volcanic peaks. Examples include:
o Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) – A dormant volcano, the highest peak in
Africa.
o Mount Kenya (Kenya) – An extinct volcano with several peaks.
o Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of Congo) – Known for its active
lava lake.
2. Fold Mountains:
Formed by the collision of tectonic plates, where the Earth's crust is folded due to
pressure, these mountains typically have complex folds. Examples include:
o Atlas Mountains (North Africa) – Stretching across Morocco, Algeria, and
Tunisia, formed by the collision of African and Eurasian plates.
o Drakensberg Mountains (South Africa) – Formed due to tectonic activity,
they are part of the larger Great Escarpment.
3. Block Mountains:
These mountains are formed by faulting, where blocks of Earth's crust are uplifted or
dropped along fault lines. An example in Africa:
o East African Rift Mountains (East Africa) – The Great Rift Valley, which
runs through countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, includes block
mountains formed by tectonic shifts.
4. Residual Mountains:
These mountains are formed through erosion, where older, once-high mountains have
been worn down by weathering and erosion over millions of years. Examples include:
o Table Mountain (South Africa) – A flat-topped mountain, eroded over time
to its current shape.
o Simien Mountains (Ethiopia) – These are ancient mountains eroded over time
to create deep valleys and rugged peaks.

Each of these mountain types contributes to the diverse and dramatic landscapes found across
Africa, influencing both the region's ecology and human settlement patterns.