CORRECTION OF ERRORS

AGREEMENT BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB

1. The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.
She goes to college. They don't shout.
He has gone. We shall do our duty.
Inc: The orders of the Principal was obeyed.
What was obeyed? The answers is: orders, not principal.
The orders of the Principal were obeyed.
Inc: One of my friends have come.
Correct: One of my friends has come.
Inc: One of his servant were here.
Corr: One of his servants was here.
Inc: The understanding of his motives are important.
The understanding of his motives is important.
2. Two singular subjects joined by 'and' become plural and take a plural verb.
Ali and Jamil have come. He and I are friends.
Inc: Smoking and drinking is injurious to health.
C: Smoking and drinking are injurious to health.
Inc: Zia and Ali goes home. C: Zia and Ali go home.
Inc: Ali and Wali has come. C: Ali and Wali have come.
3. Sometimes the two subjects connected by 'and' form a singular unit, which takes a singular verb.
Bread and butter is our need.
Daal and Chawal is a tasty dish.
4. If the two subjects connected by 'and' refer to the same person or thing the subject is singular.
My brother and friend is coming. (one person)
The secretary and cashier was present. (one person)
5. If the subjects joined by 'and' refer to two persons, the verb is plural.
My brother and my friend are coming. (two)
The secretary and the cashier were present. (two)
6. If two subjects differing in number are joined by, or. either-or, neither-nor, not only.- but also, the
verb agrees with the neurer subject.
Neither the teacher nor the students were present.
Either the students or the teacher has come.
Inc: Hle or his friends was absent.
C:lle or his friends were absent.
Inc: Either you or Ali have passed.
C: Either you or Ali has passed.
Inc: Not only they but also I are happy.
C: Not only they but also I am happy.
7. It is better to place the plural subject nearer to the verb and make the verb plural.or use separate
verbs.‫۔‬
Either I or you are at fault.
Either I am at fault or you are.
8. Singular subjects limited by each or every andjoined by and take a singular verb.
Each boy and each girl was happy.
Each student and each teacher is punctual.
9. When two subjects differing in number are joined by with, along with, together with, besides,
including, accompanied by, in accordance with, with, as well as, inaddition to etc. the verb agrees
with the first subject.
Your statement, including some other papers, was received.
Students, accompanied by the Principal. have gone.
Inc: The teacher along with his students have come.
C: The teacher along with his students has come.
Inc: Students together with the teacher was happy.
C: Students together with the teacher were happy
Note: It is safer to recast the sentence by using
He. along with his friends. was present. (correct).
He and his friends were present. (better).
10. If one subject is affirmative and the other negative, the verb agrees with the affirmative.
Ali, not his friends, was absent today.
Teachers, not the headmaster, were ready to go.
11. Use a singular verb with the number, plural with a number.
The number of books is very large.
A number of books are interesting
12. When the subject comes after the verb, do not make the verb agree to any stray noun. Identify
thesubject and make the verb agree to it.
Inc: Standing under the tree was my friends.
Standing under the tree were my friends.
Inc: Leaning against the wall is Ali and Zia.
Leaning against the wall are Ali and Zia.
13. After 'there', the verb agrees with the postponed subject:---that is, with whatever is there.
There was a mad man there. There were many boys there.
14. After 'it', the verb is always singular.
It was my fault. It is dogs barking there.
15. The following indefinite pronouns are singular and take a singular verb: Each, either, any, every,
neither. unvone, nobody, no one, nothing, someone, something. somebody, everything, everybody,
many a, none (when it means no one).
Something is better than nothing. Was there anybody there?
Every body has to die. Either of the two pens is good.
Each of the two boys was absent. Nobody likes him.
None of the boys has a book. Many a man was killed.
16. Each, either, and each other are used for two; and everyone, any, and one another are used for
more than two subjects. They all are, however, singular and take a singular verb.
Inc: There were trees on every side of the road.
C: There were trees on each side of the road.
Inc: Either of the four boys is a thief.
C: Any of the four boys is a thief.
Inc: I like none of these two books.
C: I like neither of these two books.
Inc: I like neither of these three boys.
C: I like none of these three boys.
Inc: Five boys love each other.
C: Five boys love one another.
17. Titles of books, stories etc. are singular.
 "The Red Shoes" is an interesting story.
"Critical Essays" is a useful book.
"Heroic Deeds" is a story.
SOLVED EXERCISE
Inc: I was one of those who was present.
C: I was one of those who were present.
Inc: Neither Aziz nor Habib have done their work.
C: Neither Aziz nor Habib has done his work.
Inc: This will be better for me to go there.
C: It will be better for me to go there.
Inc: He did it out of their envy.
C: He did it out of envy for them.
Inc: It is no doubt that the man is dead.
C: There is no doubt that the man is dead.
Inc: "Do you need the book?" "Thanks. I don't need."
C:"Do you need the book?" "Thanks. I don't need it."
Inc: It is you. who is to be punished.
C: It is you, who are to be punished.
Inc: His whereabouts are not known.
C: His whereabouts is not known.
Inc: Thirty months are a long period.
C: Thirty months is a long period.
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
Chose the proper form from each pair given in the parentheses
His main problem (is, are) his visitors.
A packet of cigarettes (were, was) lying on the table.
Three-fourths of the pages (are/is) missing.
When (does/do) the gentry of the town arrive?
Many a mountain (lies/lie) on the way.
(Was/were) your brother at home?
I took one of the books which (was/were) on sale.
Here tare/is) the furniture I like.
(Have/has) John Keats written many poems?
Neither of these cake recipes (lacks/lack) sugar.
Politics (have/has) never pleased me. His cattle (has/have) run away.
TEST
1. Either you or I are wrong.
2. There was his father and mother.
3. Bread and better are what I want.
4. A basket of flowers were on her head.
5. His whereabouts are not known.
6. Each of them have finished his work.
7. A large number of sheep was lost.
8. A gallows were erected.
9. Three-fifths of the books were destroyed.
10. The committee has sharp differences.
11. She accompanied by her parents have gone.
12. Professors, not the principals, was absent.
 13. She and her mother has done well.
14. The orders of the commander was carried out.
15. Not only he but also his friends is in the room.
16. Ten years are too long to wait.
17. A number of errors has been found.
18. The Pakistan Times are read everywhere.
19. He is one of the students who comes late.
20. Semantics are the study of meaning.
21. His mathematics is not correct.
22. He is wearing a trousers.
23. I am fond of poetries.
24. I have an urgent business.
25. The United States have won.
26. Here comes his wife and daughter.
27. Every chair in the rooms were occupied.
28. His assets was divided.
29. The hunter killed two swines.
30. The Gulliver's Travels are written by Swift.
ERRORS IN THE USE OF NOUNS
1. If a collective noun (audience, board, class, committee, crew, crowd, family, jury, group, majority,
team, etc.) refers to the individuals acting as one unit, the verb is singular.
The board of directors is holding a meeting.
The hockey team has done well.
The committee is unanimous in its decision.
2. If a collective noun indicates that the individuals are acting separately, the verb is plural.
The jury are taking their seats.(correct)
The members of the jury are taking their seats. (better).
The family were divided in their opinion. (correct).
The members of the family were divided.... -- (better).
Inc: The jury is divided in its verdict.
C: The jury are divided in their verdict.
3. The plural nouns that show weight, extent, or quantity are singular and take singular verbs.
Fifty miles is a long distance.
Ten rupees is not a large sum.
4. Some, any, such, none, part, two-third, half, all, more, most etc. are singular if the noun they
precede is singular. plural if the noun they precede is plural.
Some of the water has evaporated.
Hall of the books were sold: All boys have come.
Most people want to be respected.
Some of my work has been done
but more remains to be done.
One-third of the world is rich and two-thirds is poor.
Fifty per cent of the books are interesting.
All of us want to play. All of it is mine.
None of us were ready to go.
5. Mumps, electronics, linguistics, semantics, economics, innings, gallows, measles, whereabouts,
mathematics, news, summons, physics, civics, politics, ethics; though plural inform. are singular
in use
 The news is false. Statistics is taught here.
Mathematics is my favourite subject.
A gallows was erected in the prison.
Measles is a bad disease.
We won the match by one innings.
Note: Statistics and mathematics as branches of knowledge are singular. But when we speak of
statistical or mathematical data. they become plural.
His mathematics are correct.
Your statistics don't convince me.
6. Scissors, pliers, pants, trousers, gymnastics, tactics, tongs, athletics, drawers, breeches, ashes,
embers, tweezers, and assets are plural and take a plural verb
Your tactics are bad. Your trousers are loose.
The scissors are sharp. Tongs are made of iron.
His breeches are loose. My spectacles are very costly.
The ashes were flown away. Riches have wings and fly.
7. Cattle, people, poultry, gentry, and vermin, though singular in form, are plural in use and take a
plural verb.
Cattle were grazing in the field. People have gathered there.
The gentry are present. Poultry are sold.
Vermin spread disease.
8. Furniture, scenery, poetry, offspring, luggage, and information are singular and take a singular
verb.
The scenery is charming. Poetry has its appeal.
The furniture was sold. The information is wrong.
9. These nouns can be used as singular and plural in the same form: Sheep, deer, fish, pair, paisa,
pence, swine, heathen, salmon, species, series, yoke.
I bought two sheep. He killed ten deer. Fishermen catch fish. Swine should be killed. I gave him fifty
paisa.
I have five pair of socks. We have three yoke of oxen.
10. Units of measurement, length, number etc. usually don't become plural unless they are used
without their numerals; dozen, hundred, million, thousand, score etc.
I bought four dozen eggs. I bought dozens of eggs.
There were five hundred pens. There were hundreds of pens.
11. Abstract nouns and Material nouns are uncountable, and thus, have no plural form. They
take a singular verb.
Inc: He gave me many abuses.
C: He gave me many words of abuse,
Food is (not foods are) necessary for life.
Ine: Golds are very precious. C: Gold is very precious.
Inc: He has two bags of rices. C: He has two bags of rice
Inc: Ile gave me many advices. C: He gave me much advice.
He commits mischief/acts of mischief (not mischiel's).
12. None, plenty, army, police, number, variety are generally used in a plural sense.
None are truly satisfied. None but the brave are respected.
The police are looking for the thief.
13. Don't omit a verb or an auxiliary verb if it causes ambiguity.
(ambiguous) I never have and never shall abuse him.
(clear) I never have abused and never shall abuse him.
 (ambiguous) He was given a book and his friends given pens.
(clear) He was given a book and his friends were given pens.
14. Many a, and more than one are followed by singular nouns and take singular verbs.
Many a man was killed in the accident.
There is many a slip between the cup and the lips.
More than one time I warned him to keep quiet.
15. Make the verb agree with the subject, not the subjectcomplement.
My friends are my real earning. My real earning is my friends.
Lust is the cause of our worries.
Our worries are the result of our lust.
ERRORS IN THE USE OF PRONOUN
1. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, person and gender.
He should do his duty. They should do their duty.
She should do her duty. Boys should do their duty.
One should do one's duty. I should do my duty.
Everyone should do his duty.
(The use of one and one's should be avoided.
The adequate alternatives are 'we' and 'people').
We should do our duty. People should do their duty.
2. Two pronouns joined by 'and' should be in the samecase.
Inc: He and me were present. He and I were present.
Inc: I gave a pen to you and he.
C: I gave a pen to you and him.
3. Linking verbs i.e. is, am, are, was, were, etc., take subjective case (nominative case) after them.
Inc: It is him who deceived me. C: It is he who deceived me.
It is they who came. It was I (not me). That was he (not him).
4. A pronoun preceded by 'than' or 'as' usually takesthe nominative case. It may, however,
takeobjective case according to the context.
They gave you more books than I. (gave you).
They gave you more'books than me. (than they gave me.)
Inc: I am taller than him. C: I am taller than he is.
Inc: We are cleverer than them. C: We are cleverer than they are.
Ine: I have more pens than him. I have more pens than he has.
Inc: She was as happy as me. C: She was as happy as I was.
Inc: We are as brave as them. C: We are as brave as they are.
Inc: I love you more than he. C: I love you more than he does.
OR I love you more than (I love) him.
5. A collective noun used as an antecedent may take a singular or a plural pronoun depending upon
the sense in which it is used. (already explained in the use of noun).
The jury gave its verdict. The jury took their seats.
The team was doing its best. The team have had their lunch.
6. Relative pronouns referring to plural antecedents take plural verbs.
Inc: He is one of those boys who has always worked hard.
C: He is one of those boys who have always worked hard.
Inc: Each of those who is there should keep quite.
C: Each of those who are there should keep quiet.
7. The verb following who, which, and that agrees to the word modified.
I like the man who is honest. I like the men who are honest.
8. Relative pronoun 'who' refers to persons,' which' refers to things, and 'that' may refer to
both.
He who seeks finds. The man who came here.
The book which I bought. The boy that came here.
The book that I bought. Birds that sing.
9. The pronoun which acts as the object to a verb or a preposition must be in the objective case.
Inc: She wrote a letter to we. C: She wrote a letter to us.
Inc: Between you and I. C: Between you and me.
Inc: Let they go out. C: Let them go out.
10. The interrogative pronoun 'who' is nominative, 'whom' is accusative. They must be used
accordingly.
I know the person who came here.
I know the person whom you met.
Inc: I have met the boy whom people say have stood first.
C: I have met the boy who people say has stood first.
11. Personal pronouns in their genitive case don't take apostrophe.
yours sincerely, theirs, its, ours, hers
12. The arrangement of more than one pronouns of different persons used in a sentence is as follows:
1. Second and first. You and I went to college.
2. Second and third. You and he are friends.
3. Third and first. He and I are friends.
4. Second, third and first. (2.3.1). You he and I are friends.
Note: This order is reversed for some unpleasant action.
I, he, and you stole their books. I, he, and you abused him.
13. The pronoun used as the supposed subject or thecomplement of an infinitive is always in objective
case.
They thought us to be them. We want them to come here.
I advised him to be present. I believed her to be honest.
14. Use either or neither to refer to one or the other of two; any or none to refer to one of more than
two. Each other refers to two, one another refers to more than two.
I met either of the two boys. Am of these five boys can do it.
Zia and Zaka love each other. We should love one another.
15. The following indefinite pronouns are always singular:anybody, anyone, cach, nobody,
everyone.anything, some body, either, neither, one, other.
Neither of them did his homework. Anything is possible.
Each girl wanted to take her chance. Everybody must take his seat.
16. The following indefinite pronouns are always plural:both, few, many, others, several.
Both brought their books. Only a few do their duty.
Many lost their pens. Others found their books.
17. All, any, some, and none may be singular or plural.
All were waiting for their turn. All of it has been eaten.
Some of the food is tasty. Did any of them do their duty?
18. A pronoun preceding a gerund, or showing possessionis in its possessive case
Inc: I like him reading poems. C: I like his reading poems.
Inc: Fancy them deceiving us! C: Fancy their deceiving us
He objected to my going, my pen. her books, your chair
19. After let the pronoun is in its objective case.
Let us play. Let you and me stay. Let you and her do it.
20. Inanimate objects and abstract ideas, when personified, are used in masculine gender if they
symbolise strength, cruelty, or abhorrence, feminine if they symbolisebeautuy, delicacy, elegance,
and charm.
The sun was shedding his rays. Death ruins his victims. The stormdestryshis victims. The moon sheds
her rays. Beauty has her own apppeal.Spring has her charm.
21. Following verbs take reflexive pronouns after them.avail, acquit, apply, absent, avenge, enjoy,
betake, exert, overreach, resign
You should avail yourself of the chance. He applied himself to work. They absented themselves from
college. We enjoyed overselves. It never pays to overreach yourself.
22. Don't use reflexive pronouns after these verbs: bathe, burst, draw, enlist, feed, form, hide, keep.
make, move, open, qualify, rest, roll, set, stop.
We bathe ourselves every morning.
C: We bathe every morning.
Let them make themselves merry. C: Let them make merry.
SOLVED EXERCISE
Inc: He is one of the best students who has ever met me.
C: He is one of the best students who have ever met me.
Inc: Between you and I he is a fool.
C: Between you and me he is a fool.
Inc: Your need is greater than that of mine.
C: Your need is greater than mine.
Inc: The boy who won the prize. he was my friend.
C: The boy who won the prize was my friend.
Inc: It was he had committed the theft.
C: It was he who had committed the theft.
Inc: They that do their duty are rewarded.
C: Those who do their duty are rewarded.
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronouns
1. ....... Is very pleasant today.
2. This is the book ------ I like.
3. It was I ------- they deceived.
4. Was there ----- in the room?
5. It was he I think had taken my pen.
6. I love you more than ------ loves
7. ………of the two boys is guilty.
8. ………of the five boys was there.
9. There is no one but (am).
10. If anyone is to be blamed, it is……..
11. He absented -------- from college.
12. Any one can take it if--------- likes.
13. Ten boys were playing with----------
14. It is -------who is responsible.
15. -------- the gods love die young.
TEST
Correct the following sentence.
1. Only one of my friend has gone.
2. Let you and I play hockey.
3. She is more intelligent than me.
4. I should not have done it but for he.
5. Those who seek they find.
6. It is not me who is to be blamed.
7. They who respect others they are respected.
8. Whom do you think stood first?
9. Who would you like to see?
10. The jury must do their duty.
11. The committee have sharp differences among it.
12. I. you, and he went there.
13. Everybody must not waste their time.
14. None but the brave deserves respect.
15. You and he have done me wrong.
16. None remain to mourn his death.
17. Death has done her job.
18. The moon has his beauty.
19. He stopped himself from moving.
20. I wished he happy Eid-Mubarik.
21. We like my new car.
22. Several found his books thrown down.
23. The maid and housekeeper does not like their job.
24. The secretary and the cashier brought his pen.
25. My niece has done his duty.
26. Neither is here to help them
27. Whom in your opinion is the best?
28. Such men which are foolish are insulted.
29. Does he coming here please you?
30. Who did you meet you yesterday?

ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVE

1. If two or more than two adjectives qualify the same noun, the article is placed before the first
adjective.
He is a bold, brave and intelligent boy.
The most intelligent and best teacher won the prize.
2. Two adjectives joined together should be in the same degree.
Inc: I am a brave and taller boy. C: I am a brave and tall boy.
Inc: He is more intelligent and tall than I.
C: He is more intelligent and taller than I (am).
Inc: She is the most beautiful and intelligent girl of all.
C: She is the most beautiful and most intelligent girl of all.
3. Comparative degree of adjective is followed by than, followed by nominative case of pronoun.
Inc: I am taller from him. C: I am taller than he is.
Inc: I love you more than him. C: I love you more than he does.
4. Following comparative degrees take 'to' after them, followed by objective case of pronoun:
Senior, junior, superior, inferior prior posterior.prefer, elder
I am senior to him. He came prior to your arrival.
This cloth is superior to that. I prefer death to dishonor.
5. Don't use double comparative or double superlative.
 Inc: My pen is more shorter than that.
C: My pen is shorter than that.
Inc: He is the most bravest boy. C: He is the bravest boy.
I am more senior to him. C: I am senior to him
6. The following adjectives are already in superlative degree. They should not be preceded by more
or most:
Circular, complete, perfect, round, unique, square, correct, dead, immoral, exact, final.right, equal.
Inc: He is the most unique teacher.
C: He is a unique teacher.
Inc: This is a most complete book.
C: This is a complete book.
Inc: This is the most perfect house.
C: This house is perfect in all respects.
7. Comparison between two things should be logical.
Inc: My pen is better than you. C: My pen is better than yours.
Inc: His voice is softer than me.
C:His voice is softer than mine.
Inc: The climate of Lahore is hotter than Murree.
C: The climate of Lahore is hotter than that of Murree. The
climate of Lahore is hotter than the climate of Murree.
8. When comparison is made within a particular group or class, the subject of comparison is
excluded from the class.
Inc: Khalid is more intelligent than the whole class.
C: Khalid is more intelligent than the rest of the class.
Inc: Keats is more famous than any English poet.
C: Keats is more famous than any other English poet.
Inc: Lahore is bigger than any city of the Punjab.
C: Lahore is bigger than any other city of the Punjab.
9. Adjective phrase or clause is placed soon after the noun it qualifies.
Inc: The man is my friend who is sitting in the car.
C: The man who is sitting in the car is my friend.
Inc: The table is broken placed in the corner.
C: The table placed in the corner is broken.
Inc: I want a teacher for my son who is over fifty.
C: For my son, I want a teacher who is over fifty.
10. Avoid double-barrelled comparisons. Repeat the verb if its form is different from that of the one
already expressed.
Inc: This book is as interesting if not more than that.
C: This book is as interesting as that, if not more.
Inc: I am as good if not better than he is. C: I am as good as he is. if not better.
Inc: You can play as well as I have.
C: You can play as well as I have played.
11. Less is used for quantity, fewer for number.
She has less rice now. I have fewer friends than enemies.
He bought no less than ten kilos of sigar
No fewer than twenty boys came.
12. Use singular demonstratives with kind or sort.
I hate this sort of men. (not these sorts).
 I like this kind of people. (not these kinds).
13. Avoid ambiguous or dangling participle modifiers.
(Faulty) Having entered the room, the door was closed.
(Clear) Having entered the room, he closed the door.
(Faulty) Crossing the river.the road looked clear.
(Clear) Crossing the river.we/they found the road clear.
(Faulty) Influenced by his oily tongue, the decision was made
Clear: Influenced by his oily tongue, we made the decision.
14. Latest means most recent and last means final.
This is the latest edition of Gondal English Grammar and Composition. (There will be more as well)
This is your last chance. (There will not be another).
15. Little means almost nothing, a little means not much, the little means the small quantity which is
spoken of.
There is little water in the jug. (almost no water).
There is a little water in the jug. (some, but not much).
I have drunk the little water I had. (the small quantity I had).
16. Few is negative and means almost no one, a few mean some (not many), the few means a few
which /who are spoken of.
I have few friends. (almost no friend).
I have a few friends. (some, but not many).
The few friends I have are poor. (some friends who I have).
17. Some is used in affirmative, any in negative, both can be used in inteerogative.
I have given him some tea. Did you give him some tea?
I didn't give him any pen. Did you give him any pen?
18. Much denotes quantity: many denotes number.
He has much sugar. I have many books.
19. Later is the comparative of late, latter denotes position.
She came later than I. Sarfraz and Arshad are my friends.
The former is an officer, the latter an advocate.
20. Use singular numbers to denote a specific quantity.
a four year (not years) son, a seven day (not days) clock
21. Following expressions are often used improperly.
Inc: This is a worth-seeing scene.
C: This scene is worth seeing.
Inc: He is a family man. C: He is a man with family
Inc: Please do the needful. C: Please do what is necessary.
Inc: He is a miser man. C: He is a miserly man.
Inc: He behaved cowardly.
C:He behaved in a cowardly manner.
SOLVED EXERCISE
Inc: I met him prior than his departure. I met him prior to his departure.
Inc: No less than ten boys were absent. No fewer than ten boys were absent
Inc: Latest part of the story is more interesting. Last part of the story is more interesting.
Inc: What is the last news? C: What is the latest news?
Inc: The later part of the book is boring. The latter part of the book is boring.
Inc: Karachi is further from Sahiwal and Multan. Karachi is farther from Sahiwal and Multan.
Inc: I have no farther arguments to present. I have no further arguments to present.
Inc: He is our mutual friend. He is our common friend.
Inc: There is common understanding between the two. There is mutual understanding between the two.
Inc. This is a worst period of his life. This is the worst period of his life.
Inc: He is best of the two boys. He is better of the two boys.
Inc: She is the tallest and better girl. She is the tallest and best girl.
Inc: There is a little truth in the statement. There is little truth in the statement.
Inc: I shall stay here for few days. I shall stay here for a few days.
Inc: There are thousands bees in a hive. There are thousands of bees in a hive.
Inc: His all friends left him in the lurch. All his friends left him in the lurch.
Inc: Winning prize is my main object of life. Winning prize is the main object of my life.
Inc: He only helps me in difficulty. He alone helps me in difficulty.
Only he helps me in difficulty.
TEST
Correct the following sentences.
1. Of the two routs, this is the shortest
2. Many a men have come
3. Kaghan is a worth-staying place.
4. She is a political minded lady
5. There were a good many man there.
6. His name is the latest in the list.
7. I am not a miser man.
8. This pen is preferable than that.
9. This box is too much heavy
10. He has no less than ten books.
11. I have not any money.
12. She has few money than I have.
13. This is the safest and easy way.
14. This is the last news.
15. The chair is very nice which is in that corner.
16. The Indus is larger than any river in Pakistan.
17. This answer is more exact than that.
18. These kinds of people are respected.
19. The books of these sorts are interesting.
20. The five first chapters are very interesting.
21. Rich should help poor
22. He is the most bravest boy of the class.
23. Tie it tightly to the tree.
24. He stood firmly in his determination.
25. Your answer is the most correct.
26. The Indus is larger than any river in the Punjab.
27. Little money is better than no money.
28. He is more happier than his brother.
29. Are you hardworking than him?
30. Is he your older brother?
ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADVERB
1. Modify a verb with an adverb, not with an adjective.
She smiled sweetly (not sweet)
He shouted loudly (not loud).
He is doing well. (not good). Samar sipped the syrup slowly.
2. Modify an adjective with an adverb, not with an adjective
This is a fairly (not fair) large room.
She was exceedingly happy. completely ruined
This poem is powerfully (not powerful) affecting.
I was enormously delighted. colourfully decorated.
3. After sensory verbs as, appear, he, become, feel, hear, look, see, seem, smell, sound, taste,
understand, etc., the modifier is generally an adjective if it modifies the subjects, an
adverb if it modifies the verb.
Your excuse sounds hollow. The food tasted good. (not well) Zia seemed healthy. (adj.)(not
healthily)
The fox felt hungry. (adj.)(not hungrily)
Neeli looks beautiful. (adj) Roses smell sweet. (adj)‫ا‬
But: Naseem looked at me angrily. (adv.) (not angry) He ate food hungrily. (adv.) (not hungry).
She looked at me sweetly. (adv.)
4. Mid-position adverbs (MPAs) are placed between subject and verb.
He always helps me. I often go there
He never helped me. He again went there.
She seldom smiles. I usually laugh.
5. MPAS are always placed between the helping verb and the main verb.
He has never smiled. He is again arguing.
She will also come. She will never
6. Very is used with positive degree of adjective and much with comparative degree.
He is very (not much) weak. I am very (not much) thankful.
He is feeling much (not very) better now.
I am much (not very) more intelligent than he is.
7. Very is used with present participles used as adjectives, much with past participles.
This is a very (not much) interesting book.
That was a very (not very) frightening scene.
Note: Pleased, tired, delighted, annoyed, contented, frightened, experienced, and a few
others take very before them because they are considered full adjectives.
8. Don't use too, or quite in place of very.
The book is very (not too) interesting.
The scene is very (not too or quite) pleasing.
9. Too gives negative sense. Don't use it in place of very. Enough is opposite of too.
Ali is a too good boy. (Incoorect. It shows that Ali should not have been so good.)
He is too weak to walk. I am too busy to accopany you.
This task is easy enough for me to do. I am brave enough
10. Don't use but after negative ideas expressed by such words as doubt or fear.
I don't think that (not but) he will come.
I fear that (not but that) he has failed.
11. Cannot help or could not help must be completed by a gerund, not but and an infinitive.
He could not help laughing (not but to laugh)
I cannot help going there. (not but to go there)
12. The following modifiers may be used as adjectives as, well as adverbs. close, deep, fast,
hard, loud well and a few others.
He is my close (adj) friend. The dog walked close (adv) behind us. a hard (adj) nut to crack, to
hit hard (adv). loud (adj) speaker, spoke loudly (adv).
All is well (adj) that ends well (adv)
13. Don't use of course in place of certainly, surly, indeed. Of course means as a matter of
course, or as a rule of nature.
Will you go on picnic? Certainly (not of course) I will. Does she sing well? Indeed she sings
well. (not of course) Are you going to sleep now? Of course I am, because it is late at night.
Does your mother love you? Of course she does.
14. Had better is always followed by a verb in the present.
You had better leave now. He had better pray to Allah.
15. Don't use some (adjective) for somewhat (adverb).
He is feeling somewhat (not some) uneasy/better.
He is somewhat weak in English.
16. Farther refers to space, further to time, quantity or degree.
I can go no farther.
As we went farther, we came upon a well.
No further action is required.
17. Before indicates on previous occasion, whereas ago indicates a period of time dating
backwards in the past.
I have never met him before.
He met me two days ago.. He had gone before my arrival.
He left for London years ago.
18. Direct, directly
This is a direct answer. (Adj.)
He went direct to Lahore. (Adv.)
I am leaving directly. (Adverb. presently, immediately)
19. Dear, dearly
Dear means at a high price dearly means lovingly. Wheat sells dear these days.
She treats me dearly.
20. Modify an adverb with an other adverb
They disappeared fairly rapidly.
He was very much delighted.
She answered extremely brilliantly.
They opened the door exceedingly forcefully.
SOLVED EXERCISE (ADVERB)
Inc: I only did two sums. I did only two sums.
Inc: He was dead almost. He was almost dead
Inc: Nothing else than poetry pleases me. Nothing else but poetry pleases me.
Inc: I never remember having met him. I don't remember having met him.
Inc: He is not clever to deceive us. He is not clever enough to deceive us.
Inc: I know to make tea. I know how to make tea,
Inc: She loves me too much. She loves me very much.
Inc: He was even insulted by his neighbours. He was insulted even by his neighbours.
Inc: Hardly we reached the station than the train left. Hardly had we reached the station when
the train left.
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
Correct the following sentences
1. I explained it to him much clearly.
2. He is so weak to walk.
3.She is enough intelligent to do it.
4. Ali came directly to me.
5. She had better left then.
6. They went to Lahore two days before.
7. I can't help to like her.
8. She looks very beautifully.
9. This book is much too expensive.
10. I know the reason why he has gone there.
11. The baby was named as Abu Bakr.
12. She was tasteful dressed.
13. He comes here usually and meets me often.
14. He behaved cowardly.
15. His voice sounds harshly.
TEST
Correct the following sentences.
1. I am too sorry for it.
2. He played remarkable well.
3. He went further than I did.
4. Do you like coffee? Of course. I do.
5. He is some weak in English.
6. She is quite pleased.
7. He is much experienced teacher.
8. She appears happily.
9. She is an extreme beautiful girl.
10. Wheat sells dearly.
11. She went out two hours before.
12. She can hope to go there.
13. Only I read good books.
14. He was caught nearly.
15. Ali was promoted as S.I.
16. This is a bad written essay.
17. I know swimming.
18. This is the place where he was born.
19. He went at 7 O'clock to the station.
20. I requested him to thoroughly read the book.
21. Of all the boys. Zia ran fast.
22. Which of you two can leave soon?
23. He has gone somewheres.
24. I haven't never seen her.
25. I shall go there irregardless of consequences.
26. I am sure sorry to hear this.
27. Of the two brothers, the younger sings good.
28. She seems much disturbed.
29. He is becoming much fatter.
30. The cake smells deliciously.
POSSESSIVE CASE APOSTROPHE AND S ('S)
1. Living beings and personified objects take an apostrophe and s to show possession.
Ali's apple. Bali's book. Fortune's chosen, death's door.
2. Plural names ending in s take an apostrophe without s.
Boys' pens, doctors' opinion, teachers' tips Note: It is better to use an of-phrase.
 We should act upon the teachers' advice. (Correct) We should act upon the advice of the
teachers. (Better) Boys' books are there. (The books of the boys... better)
3. Singular nouns ending in s may take apostrophe or apostrophe and 's' too.
Keats' poetry-or- Keats's poetry. (Keatsiz poetry) Jhons' house or Jhons's house
Pronounced with an extra syllable
4. Lifeless objects take an of-phrase to show possession. (Expressions of time and
measurement are exempted):
roof of the room. handle of the knife, leg of the table
Note: This rule may not be implicitly followed. The expressions like the following are
idiomatic/acceptable.
A day's work, an hour's time. for mercy's sake, at his wit's end. the law's delay, tomorrow's
weather report at a stone's throw
5. Apostrophes is added to the last member of a group if joint possession is indicated.
Zia. Zaka and Obaid's house. Baji and Cheema's store
6. Apostrophes is added to each member of a group if separate possession is indicated.
Arshad's. Aslam's, and Ail 's books.
Shafi's and Shafiq's houses.
7. A noun/pronoun linked with a gerund is in possessive case.
Inc: I object to Zia being there. C: I object to Zia's being there.
I have no objection to your going there.
He likes my reading the poem
8. Apostrophes is also used in the possessive case of indefinite pronouns.
one's, another's, somebody's, etc.
9. Possessive of compound nouns is formed by adding apostrophe-s to the end of the
compound noun:
sister-in-law's, sisters-in-law's. sons-in-law's
10. Plurals of letters and figures also take apostrophe-s.
Mind your p's and q's. Cross your t's and dot your i's. Amer lived here in 1980's. Your 6's are
like c's.
11. An apostrophe shows the omission of figures/letters.
isn't, I'll, don't. O'clock, '90.
12. Don't use an apostrophe with its, hers, yours, etc.
13. Nouns like house, shop etc are omitted after genitive case.
I went to Aslam's. (house)
I bought it from Ali's. (store)
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
1. If the principal clause is in past tense, the dependent clause/clauses must also be in past
tense.
Inc: He said that he is ill. C: He said that he was ill. Inc: I told him that he can go.
C: I told him that he could go.
Inc: He thought he will go. C: He thought he would go.
2. If a dependent clause expresses a universal truth or law, it is not changed into past tense.
Inc: I told him that God was one.
C: I told him that God is one.
C: He knew that the earth revolves round the sun.
3. The tense of the reported speech is changed into past/past perfect, if the reporting speech
is in past tense.
 I didn't know what he was doing. I asked him where he had gone. I told him that the door had
been closed before 7 p.m. I thought that his brother might go.

OMISSION
1. In parallel sentences, verbs, parts of verbs; or connectives are often omitted when there is
no confusion in meaning.
I knew that we would soon have to stop running and we knew that we would soon have to start
walking.
I ran as fast as I could run. I ran as fast as I could.
I knew that I was being deceived. I knew I was being deceived.
2. No sentence element should be omitted if it obscures the meaning.
The thief was arrested and valuables restored.
The thief was arrested and valuables were restored. I shall play if you are. I shall play if you are
playing. I can play as easily as you have or can play.
I can play as easily as you have played or can play.
3. Don't omit a preposition if it is required for clarity in meaning,
I am helpful and considerate of my friends.
I am helpful to my friends and considerate of them
He entered the room the same time the bell rang.
He entered the room at the same time the bell rang.
I have great respect and obedience to my father.
I have great respect for and obedience to my father.
4. Don't omit a connective before a dependent clause used as a subject, object, or
complement.
I forgot the book was torn.
I forgot that the book was tom.
The man was Ali had come.
The man was Ali who had come.
5. Either don't leave a comparison incomplete, or don't use such modifiers as imply
comparison.
I love you more than Zia.
I love you more than Zia does.
OR I love you more than I love Zia. She is as kind if not kinder than my own mother. She is as
kind as my own mother, if not kinder. OR She is as kind as, if not kinder. than my own mother.
This is the best book. This is an excellent book. OR
This is the best book I have ever read.
6. The sign of the infinitive (to) is usually omitted when the infinitive is used after the
following verbs: Bear, bid, dare, do. feel, help, hear, let, make, need. please, see, watch. (The
reader/listener should supply it mentally).
We heard him sing a song. (not to sing) Please help me change the wheel.
They dare not speak against us. (not to speak)
I saw her enter the room. (not to enter)
I made him write a letter.
Let us go now.
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
Correct the following sentences.
1. I don't think you will pass.
2. Work adds rather than detracts from our income.
3. I have and will continue to be your friend.
4. I am neither afraid nor fascinated by her beauty.
5. I know he will not help you.
6. She dislikes you as much as I
7. Her insistence her son should go abroad ruined his life.
8. I saw her the same time when she jumped into the well.
9. I promised him books will be given to him.
10. He knew nobody was going to help him.
11. You can do it as easily as I.
12. He was arrested but his friends not.
13. She was found guilty but her sister found innocent
14. You look as old or older than Zaka
15.1 know the man was sleeping.
ERRORS IN THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS
1. Co-ordinate conjunctions are placed directly before the elements joined.
He either plays hockey or she. Either he plays hockey or she
He and I can both play tennis. Both he and I can play tennis.
She either eats apples or figs. She eats either apples or figs.
Neither he speaks nor he moves. Neither does he speak nor does he move.
2. Don't use if in place of whether. If shows condition.
I shall help him if he helps me. (condition)
I wonder whether (not if) he can help me or not.
3. While denotes duration of time. It should not take the place of whereas, although, or but.
I tried to meet him while he was at home.
While I was watching the match, the storm broke out. She likes me but (not while) I don't like
her.
4. No sooner is followed by than, hardly and scarcely by when.
No sooner did he see the lion than he took to his heels. I had hardly/scarcely hit his hip when he
howled.
5. Join parallel elements with conjunctions. (the compounded elements should be clear and
parallel)
Galileo considered that apart from eyes, ears. or noses: there would be no colours, sounds, or
smells.
Kublai received them warmly and treated them nicely. She was a highly-qualified and widely-
travelled lady. He can think like Plato and act like Hercules.
Inc: She speaks clearly and with distinction. C: She speaks clearly and distinctly.
I went there with great joy in my heart but came back with great sorrow in my mind.
C: I like swimming and skating.
I like painting pictures and reading novels.
6. A conjunction, a preposition, an article etc. should be repeated to clarify parallel
elements.
Allama Iqbal is admired not because of his poetry but because of his sympathy for the Muslims.
7. Subordinate Conjunctions join subordinate clauses to independent clauses to form
complex sentences. They are: as, although, as if after, because for, if before, then, though,
since, when, whenever wherever, while, until
I was sleeping when you came (adverb clause qualifies the verb sleeping)
That was the right time when you came
(adj. clause-qualifies. time.)
 I know when you came.
(noun clause- acts as object / predicate).
8. Co-ordinate conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal value to form
compound sentences. They include: And, but, nor, or, for, yet
I wanted to help him, but I could not.
She was dead tired, yet she got up.
9. Rather and other take than (not but) after them.
I shall die rather than (not but) beg
I have no other book than (not but) this one.
CONJUNCTIONS
STUDY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE
He is both intelligent as well as hardworking.
He is both intelligent and hardworking.
She had hardly reached home than the door was closed.
She had hardly reached home when the door was closed.
He had scarcely seen the lion than he ran away.
He had scarcely seen the lion when he ran away. OR
Scarcely/Hardly had he seen the lion when he ran away.
No sooner did I reach the college when the bell rang.
No sooner did I reach the college than the bell rang.
Although he is poor, but he is honest.
Although he is poor, yet he is honest.
Such books which are bad should not be read.
Such books as are bad should not be read.
Run fast lest you may not miss the train.
Run fast lest you should miss the train.
He worked hard lest he might not fail.
He worked hard lest he should fail.
Stay here until I don't come. Stay here until I come
You can't pass unless you don't work hard.
You can't pass unless you work hard.
I don't know if he will come or not.
I don't know whether he will come or not.
I asked him that why he had taken my pen.
I asked him why he had taken my pen.
I had hoped you would play, but you did.
I had hoped you would play, and you did.
He had invited me and I didn't go.
He had invited me but I didn't go.
I sing exactly like she taught me.
I sing exactly as she taught me
He looks like he was worried.
He looks as if he were worried. (but he is not worried)
Imran played well while Qadir didn't.
Imran played well whereas Qadir didn't.
I called on you although you were away.
I called on you while you were away.
When he came here, then I met him.
When he came here. I met him.
Because he is ill, therefore he can't play.
Because he is ill. he can't play.
If you help me, then I shall help you.
If you help me. I shail help you
He could not come due to rain.
He could not come owing to rain.
(due to is used with any form of to be i.e. is, am, are was, will, be, has been, etc.).
I have no other alternative but to go.
I have no alternative but to go,
SOLVED EXERCISE
Inc: Both he as well as I went out. Both he and I went out.
Inc: There are many such books which I like. There are many such books as I like.
Inc: As I am very busy, so I cannot come. As I am very busy. I cannot come.
Inc: Not only is he brave but intelligent also.
He is not only brave but also intelligent.
Inc: There was no other person but my friend.
There was no other person than my friend.
Inc: He asked me that whether I would play. He asked me whether I would play.
Inc: He asked that where he was. He asked where he was.
Inc: Wait here while I come. Wait here till I come.
Inc: When you insist I must help you. Sincelas insist...
Inc: I doubt that he will play. ! doubt whether he will play.
TEST
1. You can't pass unless you don't work hard.
2. She is both intelligent as well as hard working
3. Though he is my friend. but he does not help me.
4. No sooner did I come when the door was closed.
5. Hardly had he seen me that I stopped.
6. So long as you work hard you will not pass.
7. I had not seen him since a long time.
8. I asked him that whether he would go.
9. Wait for me while I come.
10. This is the same book which I wanted.
11. He did nothing else than cry.
12. I shall not play without you also play.
13. She is rather very sad today.
14. She works hard lest she might not fail.
15. She sings melodiously and with beauty.
16. She likes him while he does not like her.
17. I wondered that where he had gone.
18. Neither they stay nor they play.
19. As he is my friend so I shall help him.
20. Due to his negligence, he could not succeed.
ERRORS IN THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS
1. To, from: To is used for motion towards a place or thing, from is used for motion
backwards.
 They went to Lahore. The bus was came from Lahore. I wrote a letter to him. I received a letter
from him.
2. Between - among: Between refers to two persons or things, among refers to more than
two.
He was caught between the devil and the deep sea. Ali was sitting between Akram and Aslam
among trees.
Note: Between is used if each member of a group is considered separately in relation to each
other member.
There are friendly relations between France. England and Fiji.
3. In-into: In indicates location or motion within a place, into shows motion from one place
to another.
He was sitting in the room. She came into the room. Boys were swimming in the river.
I jumped into the river.
4. Beside, Besides: Beside indicates by the side of or next to, besides means in addition to.
She walked beside me. No one besides me could sing.
5. By – with: By is used for the agent or doer of the action, with for the instrument.
The letter was written by me with a pen.
The boat was tied by the sailor to a tree with a rope.
6. In back of back of – backside – behind :Use only behind. Don't use the other three.
Backside means human buttocks.
Never use it as preposition.
My house is behind (not at the backside of) the post office. (a post office has no backside)
He sits behind me (not in back or at back) in the class.
7. Don't use at about for about or at.
He came at (not at about) seven O, clock.
She went about noon.
8. Prepositions are used at the end of a sentence to give force to it. But be sure that the final
preposition is really needed.
I know what you are anxious about. What are you looking for?
What was he looking at?
9. Don't omit a preposition where it is necessary.
I have great liking for and interest in music.
He takes fancy to and liking for paintings.
10. Don't use unnecessary prepositions.
Where are you going to? (to is needless) Where was she moving to? (to is needless)
11. Don't use different than instead of different from (different is not a comparative form).
This book is different from (not different than) that. Is your bat different from mine?
12. After is used in Past and in is used in future tense.
He came after ten days. (past - correct) He will come after ten days. (future - incorrect) He will
come in ten days. (correct) He will come within a week. (correct)
13. Use at for small places, in for big cities and unspecified places; on for the road or way.
Allama Iqbal was born at Sialkot
Quaid-i-Azam was born in Karachi.
He met me at the station.
He met me on the way.
He lives at Model Town in Gujrat
He lives at the Sialkoti Gate, on the G.T. Road, in Gujranwala.
14. Some verbs require a preposition after them.
The patient was operated upon..
I have a decent house to live in.
A knife is to cut with.
A bed is to lie on.
SOLVED EXERCISE - PREPOSITIONS
Inc: The travellers were covered by dust.
The travellers were covered with dust.
Inc: Do not worry for the troubles of others.
Do not worry about the troubles of others.
Inc: Be more careful in your behaviour.
Be more careful about your behaviour.
Inc: They arrived here at the eve of my marriage.
They arrived here on the eve of my marriage.
Inc: They set the building to fire.
They set the building on fire.
Inc: She went to Murree for seeing her mother.
She went to Murree to see her mother.
Inc: He persisted to go there.
He persisted in going there.
Inc: You can rely me for help.
You can rely on me for help.
Inc: I sided him. I sided with him.
Inc: You cannot blame me of theft.
You cannot blame me for theft.
Inc: He was accused with theft. He was accused of theft.
Inc: I took leave from my friends.
I took leave of my friends.
Inc: He was here before a fortnight.
He was here a fortnight ago.
Inc: He died from cancer. He died of cancer.
Inc: He died from hunger. He died of hunger.
Inc: I parted with my friends.
I parted from my friends.
Inc: I don't want to part from my books.
I don't want to part with my books.
Inc: He lacks in common sense.
He lacks common sense.
He insisted to play.
He insisted on playing.
TRY YOURSELF
1. He is late from college.
2. Iran is in the west of Pakistan.
3. Pens sell in dozens.
4. He was sitting under the shade.
5. The sun rises from the east.
6. Ali and Wali quarrelled among themselves.
7. Birds sit on trees.
8. He left at about noon.
 9. He is favourite to his friends.
10. Finish it within 7' clock.
11. He has no zeal on work.
12. Your book is different than mine.
13. A gun is to shoot.
14. He met me in the way.
15. He went for riding.
16. He sat in the examination.
17. He is short by ten lectures.
18. He asked to me.
19. I conform by the rules.
20. I told to him that I was ill.
21. A lion attacked on me.
22. She was married with him.
23. I said him that I was ill
24. Don't write on the margin
25. He had been absent on Saturday to Monday.
26. I abide with the rules.
27. I go on my work.
28. I love with him.
29. Zia reached at Lahore.
30. He marries with her.
31. She controlled over the horse.
32. A letter is written by a pen.
33. You should write with ink.
34. My advice affected on him.
35. I prefer death than dishonor
36. The examination begins from Monday.
37. He gave me a cheque of Rs:5000.
38. I want for you to meet me.
39. Ichall to him of prizza
ERRORS IN THE USE OF ARTICLES
A, an are indefinite articles, They are used before singular countable common nouns which
are not particular.
The is definite article. It is used before singular and plural nouns, and makes them
particular.
1. Singular, countable, common nouns take a or an before them. (an is placed before words
beginning with a vowel sound, a is placed before a word which doesn't begin with a vowel
sound).
Inc: I bought book from shop.
C: I bought a book from a shop.
My brother is a S.D.O. This is an useful book.
My brother is an S.D.O. This is a useful book.
2. Nouns which are only one of their kind, including heavenly bodies and geographical
divisions, take "the" before them.
The sun warms the earth. the sky, the east, the world. the North Pole. The Mars
3. Abstract nouns don't take an article.
Inc: The honesty is the best policy.
 C: Honesty is the best policy.
Inc: The health is the wealth.
C: Health is wealth.
4. Material nouns don't take an article before them.
Inc: The gold is a precious metal.
C: Gold is a precious metal.
Inc: The honey is sweeter than sugar.
C: Honey is sweeter than sugar.
5. Nouns, including abstract, material and proper; modified by an adjective phrase or clause
take ‘the’ before them.
A boy who won the race is Ali.
The boy who won the race is Ali
He is Newton of our college.
He is the Newton of our class.
Honesty he has is admirable.
The honesty he has is admirable.
Water of the Chenab is clean.
The water of the Chenab is clean.
6. 'The' is placed before the names of rivers, chains of mountains, seas, oceans, newspapers,
magazines, religious books/groups. nations/nationalities, companies, communities, and
plural names of countries.
She was drowned in the Chenab.
A ship sank in the Pacific. We defeated the West Indies. He climbed the Himalayas.
The Muslims recite the Holy Quran.
The Dutch are braver than the French.
I read the Nation. The USA helps the UAE.
7. A singular noun representing the whole species takes the before it.
The dog is a faithful animal.
The cow is a gentle animal.
The cuckoo is a lazy bird. The camel broods revenge.
8. Common nouns in plural form generally don't take 'the' before them.
Boys were making a noise. Men like women.
Cows give milk. Students should work hard.
9. 'The' is not used with subjects/games/arts/diseases/ sciences.
I play hockey. I read English. Painting is my hobby. History is my favourite subject.
10. Places of assembly Le. college, school, market, church etc. visited for their primary
purpose don't take an article. (They do take an article when they mean the building.)
I went to college. (to read / to teach)
He went to market. (to sell/to buy something)
Karen went to church. (to pray)
But The market is near the college. (the buildings of
the market and the college)
He reached the school. (the building of the school)
11. The is omitted with nouns naming unique offices after such verbs as appoint, become,
elect, promote, or after as and of:
As his role as captain (not the captain). Imran did well, He was promoted D.C.
Liaqat Ali became Prime Minister.
12. The is not used before the names of streets, bazaars, and roads etc.
 Abu Bakr Street, Anarkali Bazaar, Dinga Road.
13. The is not used before names of particular relations.
Father gave me a pen.
Mother is blowing milk.
14. The is not used before a few phrases consisting of a preposition followed by its object:
at down, at first sight, at home, at sea, at sunset, by day, by dint of, by name, by night, by virtue
of, in bed. in hand, in fact, in prison, from top to bottom. from head to foot. from morn to eve,
on demand, on call. on horse-back. on payment, on duty, out of doors. out of pocket, out of job,
over head and ears etc.
15. But such phrase as the following take the.
All the more, all the same, at the eleventh hour. by the way, in the long run. in the nick of time.
in the twinkling of an eye, in the wrong, on the right, on the whole, on the move, on the
increase, on the other hand. on the way, on the wing, on the eve of, on the spur of the moment,
to the contrary, to go to the dogs, to go to the wall, to cast to the wind, up to the mark.
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
Correct the following sentences:
1. Lincoln was elected the President of U.S.A.
2. She is a painter and an artist.
3. Please make a room for me.
4. The willing workers always succeed.
5. The poet and the philosopher is dead.
6. He was sent to the prison.
7. I am not taking examination.
8. Poor are helped.
9. Sun rises in east and sets in west
10. He went there on the horseback.
11. I get up in morning.
12. Don't look gift horse in mouth.
13. English speak the English.
14. Cow is a noble animal.
15. He is the best of class.
16. Servant entered room.
17. I saw donkey and horse in field.
18. A bird in a hand is better than two in bush.
19. He is a rogue from the head to toe.
20. Muslims don't hate Hindus.
21. You are in wrong.
22. Boys of my class don't make noise.
23. The Kashmir is called Switzerland of the Asia.
24. Poet tells us in poem about innocent girl.
25. He is Rustam of our class.