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.
 South Front.

Richard, third Baron Braybrooke, born in 1783, succeeded his

father in 1825, and married the Lady Jane, eldest daughter of
Charles, Marquis Cornwallis, by whom he had issue five sons—
Richard Cornwallis Neville, Charles Cornwallis Neville, Henry
Aldworth Neville, Rev. Latimer Neville (now Master of Magdalen
College, Cambridge, and heir-presumptive to the title), and Grey
Neville—and three daughters. Lord Braybrooke was well known as
the author of the “History of Audley End,” and as the editor of the
“Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys.” He was succeeded by
his eldest son, Richard Cornwallis Neville (better known as the Hon.
R. C. Neville), as fourth Baron Braybrooke. This nobleman, who was
born in 1820, was an eminent antiquary, and was author of several
important works. He was educated at Eton, and in 1837 entered the
army, serving in Canada till 1838. Ill-health, which continued
throughout his life, compelled him to retire from the army in 1841,
and he devoted himself thenceforward to the study of history and
antiquities. He became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, a
member of other learned bodies, and contributed many papers to
the Archæologia and to the Transactions of the Archæological
Association and Institute. Having undertaken and carried out some
important excavations at Chesterford, &c., he published his “Antiqua
Explorata,” which afterwards he followed by another volume,
“Sepulchra Exposita.” In 1852 he issued his great work, “Saxon
Obsequies;” and, later still, the “Romance of the Ring; or, the History
and Antiquity of Finger Rings.” His lordship married, in 1852, the
Lady Charlotte Sarah Graham Toler, sixth daughter of the second
Earl of Norbury (who afterwards married Frederick Hetley, Esq., and
died in 1867), by whom he left two daughters, and, dying in 1861,
was succeeded by his brother, the Hon. Charles Cornwallis Neville,
the present peer.
Charles Cornwallis Neville, fifth Baron Braybrooke, was born in
1823, and educated at Eton and at Magdalen College, Cambridge, of
which he is Hereditary Visitor. In 1849 he married the Hon. Florence
Priscilla Alicia Maude, third daughter of the third Viscount Hawarden,
by whom he has issue one daughter, the Hon. Augusta Neville, born
1860. The heir-presumptive to the title is, therefore, his brother, the
Rev. Latimer Neville, Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, and
Chaplain to the Bishop of Rochester, who is married to Lucy Frances,
eldest daughter of John Le Marchant, Esq., by whom he has issue.
Lord Braybrooke is patron of seven livings—viz. Arborfield,
Waltham St. Lawrence, and Wargrave, in Berkshire; Shadingfield, in
Sussex; and Littlebury, Saffron Walden, and Heydon, in Essex. His
arms are—quarterly, first and fourth, gules, on a saltire, argent, a
rose of the field; second and third, or, fretty, gules, on a canton of
the first, a lymphad, sable. Crests—first, a rose, seeded and barbed,
proper; second, out of a ducal coronet, or, a bull’s head; third, a
portcullis, proper. Supporters—two lions reguardant, argent, maned,
sable, gorged with wreaths of olive, proper. Motto—“Ne vile velis.”
 The Entrance Porch, West Front.

The history of Audley End has been pretty fully told in the history
of the families to whom it has belonged; but little, therefore, need
be added. The architect of the mansion has been variously stated to
be Bernard Jansen and John Thorpe, but the weight of evidence
seems to be in favour of the latter. Regarding the house itself, and
especially the “admirable drink” kept in the cellar, we have two
striking pictures written by “quaint old Pepys” in 1659-60 and 1667.
“Up by four o’clock,” he says on the 27th February, “Mr. Blayton and
I took horse and straight to Saffron Walden, where, at the White
Hart, we set up our horses, and took the master of the house to
show us Audley End House, who took us on foot through the park,
and so to the house, where the housekeeper showed us all the
house, in which the stateliness of the ceilings, chimney-pieces, and
form of the whole was exceedingly worth seeing. He took us into the
cellar, where we drank most admirable drink, a health to the king.
Here I played on my flageolette, there being an excellent echo. He
shewed us excellent pictures; two especially, those of the Four
Evangelists, and Henry VIII. After that I gave the man 2s. for his
trouble and went back again. In our going, my landlord carried us
through a very old hospital, or almshouse, where forty poor people
was maintained; a very old foundation: and over the chimney-piece
was an inscription in brass, ‘Orate pro animâ Thomæ Bird,’ &c., and
the poor-box also was on the same chimney-piece, with an iron door
and locks to it, into which I put 6d. They brought me a draft of their
drink in a brown bowl tipt with silver,[45] which I drank off, and at
the bottom was a picture of the Virgin and the Child in her arms,
done in silver. So we went to our Inn, and after eating of something,
and kissed the daughter of the house, she being very pretty, we took
leave, and so that night, the road pretty good, but the weather rainy,
to Epping, where we sat and played a game at cards, and after
supper and some merry talk with a playne bold mayde of the house
we went to bed.” Again, in 1667, he says: “I and my wife and Willet
(the maid), set out in a coach I have hired with four horses, and W.
Hewer and Murford rode by us on horseback; and before night come
to Bishop’s Stortford. Took coach to Audley End, and did go all over
the house and gardens; and mighty merry we were. The house
indeed do appear very fine, but not so fine as it hath heretofore to
me; particularly, the ceilings are not so good as I always took them
to be, being nothing so well wrought as my Lord Chancellor’s are;
and though the figure of the house without be very extraordinary
good, yet the stayre-case is exceeding poore; and a great many
pictures, and not one good one in the house but one of Henry VIII.,
done by Holbein; and not one good suit of hangings in all the house,
but all most ancient things, such as I would not give the hanging up
of in my house; and the other furniture, beds, and other things,
accordingly. Only the gallery is good, and above all things the
cellars, where we went down and drank of much good liquor. And
indeed the cellars are fine: and here my wife and I did sing to my
great content. And then to the garden, and there eat many grapes,
and took some with us; and so away thence exceeding well satisfied,
though not to that degree that by my old esteem of the house I
ought and did expect to have done, the situation of it not pleasing
me; thence away to Cambridge, and did take up at the Rose.”

The Temple of Concord.

Evelyn, who wrote a little before Pepys—in 1654—says he “went

to Audley End, and spent some time in seeing that goodly palace,
built by Howard, Earl of Suffolk, once Lord Treasurer. It is a mixed
fabric ‘twixt ancient and modern, but observable for its being
completely finished; and it is one of the stateliest palaces in the
kingdom. It consists of two courts, the first very large, winged with
cloisters. The front hath a double entrance; the hall is faire, but
somewhat too small for so august a pile; the kitchen is very large, as
are the cellars, arched with stone, very neat, and well disposed.
These offices are joyned by a wing out of the way very handsomely.
The gallery is the most cheerful, and, I think, one of the best in
England; a faire dining-roome and the rest of the lodginges
answerable, with a pretty chapel. The gardens are not in order,
though well inclosed; it has also a bowling-alley, and a nobly walled,
wooded, and watered park. The river glides before the palace, to
which is an avenue of lime-trees; but all this is much diminished by
its being placed in an obscure bottom. For the rest it is perfectly
uniform, and shows without like a diadem, by the decoration of the
cupolas and other ornaments on the pavilions. Instead of railings
and ballusters, there is a bordure of capital letters, as was lately also
in Sussex House.”

The Garden.

In 1721, on the advice of that man of little taste, Sir John

Vanbrugh the architect, the three sides of the grand quadrangle,
which formed so magnificent an entrance to this splendid mansion,
were destroyed, along with the kitchen and offices, which were
behind the north wing. The chapel and cellars, which projected from
the gallery wing at each end, soon shared the same fate. The inner
court thus was alone allowed to remain untouched, and the mansion
was confined to one hollow square. In 1747 the house was in a state
of dilapidation, and projects were set on foot both for pulling it
down, and for converting it into a silk manufactory. Two years later,
the eastern wing, whose feature was the magnificent gallery, was
pulled down. The house was, at an enormous expense, restored,
repaired, and made habitable by the first Lord Braybrooke, and,
though there remains but a small portion of the original edifice, it is
yet a noble and stately building.
We have left ourselves scant space for a description of the noble
and very beautiful house, one of the best of those of the Elizabethan
era that time has left us, though it is not now as it was when Evelyn
pictured it in the quotation we have given; but the gardens are
charmingly kept, and have been laid out with taste and skill; the
classic river Cam runs in front, and it is here of considerable breadth,
Art having utilised the small stream, and made what is technically
termed “a sheet of ornamental water;” it is also used to supply
fountains and jets d’eau in various parts of the grounds.
The house is distant about a mile from the pretty and
picturesque town of Saffron Walden, whose Church holds rank
among four of the most perfect examples in Great Britain; and close
to it is a Museum containing much that is deeply interesting—many
specimens of the earliest races by whom this island was inhabited in
the pre-historic ages.
We give several engravings of the house; one of its principal
Lodge, one of its attractive Gardens, and one of a comparatively
modern structure in the grounds, called the Temple of Concord,
built, it is said, to commemorate the recovery of George III. from his
first afflicting illness.
Before we reach the house, proceeding from the Audley End
station, we may pause awhile to examine the Abbey Farm-buildings
and a square of venerable and very comfortable Almshouses, in
which “nine old ladies” are passing in ease the residue of their lives
—blessing, as we bless, the lord who founded them.
 The grand feature of the house is the Hall: it is not, as Evelyn
thought it was, “somewhat too small,” but is finely proportioned, in
some parts admirably carved, and it contains many portraits—among
others that of the founder and his wife and daughter. The ceilings
throughout the mansion are of much beauty, and, besides several
grand examples of the ancient masters and “throngs” of family
portraits, there are some rare specimens of china. There are other
curious relics—among them the chair of Alexander Pope, and the
carved oak head of Cromwell’s bed, converted into a chimney-piece.
Audley End is not often visited: it is somewhat out of the
highway of England, but of a surety it will largely repay those who
love Nature and appreciate Art, and who rejoice that one of the
grandest and most beautiful of our landmarks of family history is yet
in its perfection and thoroughly “well cared for.”
 BURLEIGH.

“B URLEIGH HOUSE by Stamford town,” as

Tennyson has it in his simple and beautiful
ballad, “The Lord of Burleigh,” stands in a
noble park just outside the fine old town of
Stamford. Stamford is in two counties—
Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire—on the
river Welland, which here divides them, and
at the same time separates six parishes, five
being in Lincolnshire, and the sixth, St.
Martin’s, or Stamford-Baron, in
Northamptonshire. In this latter county are
Burleigh House and its surrounding
demesne. The park for pedestrians is
conveniently entered at Burleigh Lane, one
of the outer streets of the town; thus the
grounds, being so ready of access, are an incalculable boon to the
inhabitants. The principal Lodges are on the North Road,
immediately south of St. Martin’s, and are noble and important
buildings, erected in 1801 at a cost of more than £5,000, by the
tenth earl, the approach being greatly improved in 1828 by his
immediate successor.
The park, nearly seven miles in circumference, was planted by
“Capability Brown,” and besides its attractions of wood and temples,
grottoes and other buildings, contains a fine sheet of water three-
quarters of a mile in length, spanned by a handsome bridge of three
arches, with noble sculptures of lions. The Roman road, Ermine
Street, may be traced in some parts of the park on its way from
Caistor to Stamford. The park, which contains about fourteen
hundred acres, was principally laid out by the first Lord Burleigh, but
has been since then considerably extended and improved, one of the
greatest improvements being the filling up of the fish-pond, and the
formation of the serpentine lake on the south front. The house is a
mile distant from the Grand Lodge entrance, the approach being, for
a considerable distance, among magnificent oak and other forest
trees, through beautiful upland scenery.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor, Burleigh (variously spelled
Burleigh, Burghley, and Burley) was let to farm by the Church at
Burgh to Alfgar, the King’s chaplain, at whose death it was seized by
the Crown, and afterwards redeemed for eight marks by Abbot
Leofric, and was confirmed to Peterborough Abbey in 1146. At the
time of taking the Domesday survey it was held of the Abbot of
Peterborough by Goisfrid. In the reign of Henry III. it is stated to
have been in like manner held by Thomas de Burghley, who died in
1280, and remained in that family for two or three generations.
“Peter de Burlegh, it appears,” says Sharpe, “held possession here in
the twenty-fourth of Edward I., and obtained a grant of free warren
in the third of Edward II. Geoffry, his son, succeeded him, but, dying
without issue, his widow, Mariot, married John de Tichmersh, who,
in her right, held the manor in the third of Edward III., and
continued to do so until the twentieth year of the same reign.”
Somewhat later it is said to have belonged to Nicholas de Segrave, it
“having descended to Alice de Lisle as part of the inheritance of John
de Armenters. From Nicholas de Segrave it passed to Warine de
Lisle, who, with others, took up arms against the king, was defeated
at Borough Bridge, and executed at Pontefract. By Edward III.,
Gerard de Lisle, son of Warine, was restored to his father’s
possessions, and held Burleigh with the other estates.” In 1360,
Sharpe states, Burleigh was in the possession of Robert Wykes, one
of whose descendants, Margaret Chambers, sold it to Richard Cecil,
father of the Lord Treasurer, who also purchased the adjoining
manor of Little Burleigh.

Burleigh House, from the Park.

The present mansion was commenced in 1575 by the first Lord

Burleigh, whose principal residence was, however, at Theobalds, in
Hertfordshire. The old structure was mainly retained, the existing
portions being “in the eastern part of the present building, and are
exceedingly fine and substantial; they are—the kitchen, with a
groined roof of vast extent and most peculiar construction (perhaps
the largest apartment in Europe devoted to culinary purposes); the
imposing banqueting-hall, with its magnificent bay window and open
carved roof, surpassed by only one other in England (Westminster);
and the chapel, reached by a unique vaulted stone staircase,
elaborately ornamented, and remarkable for its radiating arch.” The
building, when completed and finished, was said to be the most
complete and splendid in the kingdom. It is recorded that when, in
the civil wars, Burleigh was taken by the Parliamentarians, Cromwell
and his officers and army behaved with the utmost consideration
and courtesy to the family. Cromwell himself, “when he beheld it
(Burlegh), forgot his rage for destruction, and, charmed with its
magnificence, displayed his republican generosity by depositing his
own picture (by Walker) among those of its fine collection.” It is also
recorded that later on, William III., when he saw Burleigh, “with a
jealousy and a littleness of spirit unworthy of a monarch, declared
that it was much too gorgeous for a subject.”

West View.

Queen Elizabeth delighted to visit Burleigh; and we read that

“twelve times did he (Lord Treasurer Cecil) entertain the Queen at
his house for several weeks together, at an expense of £2,000 or
£3,000 each time.” It is traditionally said that on one of her visits,
when the Lord Treasurer was pointing out its beauties to Elizabeth,
her Majesty, tapping him familiarly on the cheek, said to him, “Ay,
my money and your taste have made it a mighty pretty place!”
Burleigh was, in 1603, visited by King James I. on his way from
Scotland, and in 1695 by King William III. The most magnificent
royal visit was, however, that of Queen Victoria with the Prince
Consort in 1842, when she was accompanied by her ministers and
the Court.
The family of Cecil seems to be derived from Robert ap Seisylt, or
Sitsilt, or Seisel, a Welsh chieftain, who, in 1091, assisted Robert
Fitzhamon in his conquest of Glamorganshire, for which he received
a grant of lands in that county. Without entering particularly into the
genealogy of the early members of this family, it will be sufficient for
our present purpose to say that fifteenth in succession from this
Robert ap Seisylt was David Sicelt, who, having joined the Earl of
Richmond (Henry VII.) in Brittany, was rewarded for his service by a
grant of land in Lincolnshire. Under Henry VIII. he “was constituted
Water Bailiff of Wittlesey, in the county of Huntingdon, as also
Keeper of the Swans there and throughout all the waters and fens in
the counties of Huntingdon, Cambridge, Lincoln, and Northampton
for the term of thirty years; also, in the fifth of Henry VIII., he was
made one of the King’s Sergeants-at-arms; and, having this
employment at court, obtained for Richard, his son and heir, the
office of a page to the Crown. Likewise, in the eighth of Henry VIII.,
he obtained a grant for himself and son of the Keepership of Clyff
Park, in the county of Northampton; and in the fifteenth of Henry
VIII. (continuing still Sergeant-at-arms) was constituted Sheriff of
the King’s Lordship of Coly Weston, in that county; and was
Escheator of the county of Lincoln from November 15th, 1529, to
November 15th following. In the twenty-third of Henry VIII. he was
constituted Sheriff of Northampton; and having been three times
Alderman of Stamford,” departed this life in the year 1541. He
married the heiress of John Dicons, of Stamford, by whom he had a
son, Richard Cecil, who succeeded him.
This Richard Cecil, as a page, attended Henry VIII. at the Field of
the Cloth of Gold, and afterwards became Groom and Yeoman of the
Robes, Constable of Warwick Castle, Bailiff of Whittlesea Mere, with
the custody of swans, and steward of several manors. He purchased
the manors of Burleigh and Little Burleigh, and had grants of land at
Maxey, Stamford, &c. He married Jane, daughter and heiress of
William Heckington, of Bourn, by whom he had, with other issue, a
son, William Cecil, the famous Lord Treasurer.
This William Cecil, first Lord Burleigh, was born in 1520 at his
mother’s house at Bourn, and early received marks of royal favour
under Henry VIII. Under Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth he held,
with other offices, that of Secretary of State; and by the latter was
made Lord High Treasurer of England, and created Baron Burleigh of
Burleigh, and installed a Knight of the Garter. His lordship remained
Lord Treasurer until within a few days of his death in 1598. Lord
Burleigh married twice, each time gaining a large increase both to
his fortunes and to his social and political influence. His first wife, to
whom he was married in 1541, was Mary, sister of Sir John Cheke,
who, within a year of their marriage, died, after giving birth to his
son and successor, Thomas Cecil. In 1545 he married, secondly,
Mildred, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, by whom he had, with
numerous other issue, a son, Robert Cecil, who was created Earl of
Salisbury, and was the progenitor of the present Marquis of
Salisbury. Lord Burleigh died in 1598, and was succeeded by his son
—
Thomas Cecil, second Baron Burleigh, who held many important
offices, and was, by King James I., in 1605, created Earl of Exeter.
He married, first, Dorothea, one of the co-heiresses of John Nevil,
Lord Latimer, and by her had issue five sons—viz. William, who
succeeded him; Sir Richard, whose son David also became Earl of
Exeter; Sir Edward, who was created Baron Cecil of Putney and
Viscount Wimbledon; Christopher; and Thomas—and eight
daughters. Lord Burleigh married, secondly, a daughter of the fourth
Lord Chandos and widow of Sir Thomas Smith, by whom he had
issue one daughter.
William Cecil, third Baron Burleigh and second Earl of Exeter,
married, first, Elizabeth, only child of Edward, Earl of Rutland, by
whom he had issue an only child, William Cecil, who, in his mother’s
right, became Baron Roos, but who died without issue in his father’s
lifetime; and, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Drury.
Dying in 1640, he was succeeded by his nephew, David Cecil, as
fourth Baron Burleigh and third Earl of Exeter; he married Elizabeth,
daughter of John, Earl of Bridgewater; and, dying in 1643, was
succeeded by his son, John Cecil, who was only fifteen years old at
his father’s death. He married, first, Lady Frances Manners, daughter
of the Earl of Rutland; and, secondly, Lady Mary, daughter of the
Earl of Westmoreland and widow of Sir Bryan Palmes. By his first
wife he had issue one son, John, who succeeded him; David, who
died young; and a daughter, Frances, married to Viscount
Scudamore. He died in 1687, aged fifty-nine, and was buried at
Stamford. John Cecil, who succeeded his father as sixth Baron
Burleigh and fifth Earl of Exeter, espoused Lady Anne Cavendish,
only daughter of the Earl of Devonshire and sister of the first Duke
of Devonshire (widow of Lord Rich), by whom he had issue, John,
who succeeded him, and other children.

North View.

John Cecil, seventh baron and sixth earl, married, first,

Annabella, daughter of Lord Ossulston; and, secondly, Elizabeth,
daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Brownlow, by whom he had,
with other issue, John and Brownlow, who succeeded as seventh
and eighth earls. He died in 1721. John Cecil, his eldest son, who
succeeded on his father’s death in 1721 as seventh earl and eighth
baron, died unmarried in 1722, when the titles and estates devolved
on his brother, Brownlow Cecil, who thus became ninth Baron
Burleigh and eighth Earl of Exeter. This nobleman married, in July,
1724, Hannah Sophia, daughter and heiress of Thomas Chambers,
of Derby and London, a beautiful and amiable woman, to whom a
monument is erected in the gardens, bearing the following touching
lines:—
“Oh, thou most loved, most valued, most revered,
Accept this tribute to thy memory due;
Nor blame me, if by each fond tie endeared,
I bring again your virtues unto view.

“These lonely scenes your memory shall restore,

Here oft for thee the silent tear be shed;
Beloved through life, till life can charm no more,
And mourned till filial piety be dead.”

By this lady, who died in 1765, aged sixty-three, the Earl had issue
three sons—Brownlow Cecil, ninth Earl of Exeter; Thomas Chambers
Cecil, whose son ultimately became tenth earl; and David Cecil—and
two daughters, viz. Margaret Sophia and Elizabeth (who became the
wife of John Chaplin, Esq.). His lordship died in 1754, and was
succeeded by his son.
 East View.

Brownlow Cecil, tenth baron and ninth earl, succeeded to the

titles and estates in 1754, and having married Letitia, only daughter
and heiress of the Hon. Horatio Townsend, he died without issue in
1793, and was succeeded in his title and estates by his nephew,
Henry Cecil, only son of the Hon. Thomas Chambers Cecil, by his
wife, Charlotte Garnier.
Henry Cecil, eleventh Baron Burleigh, tenth Earl of Exeter, and
first Marquis of Exeter, was born at Brussels in 1754, and for many
years in his early life was M.P. for Stamford. His lordship was married
three times: first, to Emma, only daughter and heiress of Thomas
Vernon, Esq., of Hanbury, from whom he was divorced in 1791, after
having issue by her one son, Henry, who died young; secondly, to
Sarah, daughter to Thomas Hoggins, of Bolas, Shropshire, by whom
he had issue four children, viz. the Lady Sophia Cecil, married to the
Hon. Henry Manvers Pierrepoint (whose daughter married Lord
Charles Wellesley, second son of the first Duke of Wellington, and
was mother of the present heir-presumptive to that dukedom); Lord
Henry Cecil, who died young; Lord Brownlow Cecil, who became
second Marquis of Exeter; and Lord Thomas Cecil, who married Lady
Sophia Georgiana Lennox; and, thirdly, to Elizabeth, Duchess of
Hamilton, by whom he had no issue. The second of these three
marriages has supplied a theme to many novelists and dramatists.
They have used the poet’s license somewhat; but it is certain that
the bride and her family had no idea of the rank of the wooer until
the Lord of Burleigh had wedded the peasant-girl. Thus Moore
pictures Ellen, the “hamlet’s pride,” loving in poverty, leaving her
home to seek uncertain fortune. Stopping at the entrance to a lordly
mansion, blowing the horn with a chieftain’s air, while the porter
bowed as he passed the gate, “she believed him wild,” when he said,
“This castle is thine, and these dark woods all;” but “his words were
truth,” and “Ellen was Lady of Rosna Hall.”
The story is more accurately and more plaintively poetically told
by the Laureate Tennyson, who undoubtedly adheres more literally
to fact when he describes the lady as bowed down to death by the
heavy weight of honour laid upon her, “unto which she was not
born.” Tennyson’s ballad of “The Lord of Burleigh,” in which the story
of the “village maiden,” from her wooing when she was plain Sarah
Hoggins to the time of her early death as Countess of Exeter, is so
sweetly and touchingly told, is too sadly beautiful to be omitted
here. It is as follows:—
“In her ear he whispers gaily,
‘If my heart by signs can tell,
Maiden, I have watched thee daily,
And I think thou lov’st me well.’

“She replies, in accents fainter,

‘There is none I love like thee.’
He is but a landscape painter,
And a village maiden she.

“He to lips that fondly falter

Presses his without reproof,
Leads her to the village altar,
And they leave her father’s roof.

“‘I can make no marriage present,

Little can I give my wife,
Love will make our cottage pleasant
And I love thee more than life.’
“They by parks and lodges going,
See the lordly castles stand;
Summer woods about them blowing,
Made a murmur in the land.

“From deep thought himself he rouses,

Says to her that loves him well—
‘Let us see these handsome houses,
Where the wealthy nobles dwell.’

“So she goes by him attended,

Hears him lovingly converse,
Sees whatever fair and splendid
Lay betwixt his home and hers.

“Parks with oak and chestnut shady,

Parks and order’d gardens great,
Ancient homes of lord and lady,
Built for pleasure and for state.

“All he shows her makes him dearer;

Evermore she seems to gaze
On that cottage growing nearer,
Where they twain will spend their days.

“Oh, but she will love him truly,

He shall have a cheerful home;
She will order all things duly,
When beneath his roof they come.

“Thus her heart rejoices greatly,

Till a gateway she discerns,
With armorial bearings stately,
And beneath the gate she turns;

“Sees a mansion more majestic

Than all those she saw before;
Many a gallant gay domestic
Bows before him at the door.

“And they speak in gentle murmur,

When they answer to his call,
While he treads with footstep firmer,
Leading on from hall to hall.
“And, while now she wonders blindly,
Nor the meaning can divine,
Proudly turns he round and kindly,
‘All of this is mine and thine.’

“Here he lives in state and bounty,

Lord of Burleigh, fair and free,
Not a lord in all the county,
Is so great a lord as he.

“All at once the colour flushes

Her sweet face from brow to chin;
As it were with shame she blushes,
And her spirit changed within.

“Then her countenance all over,

Pale again as death doth prove;
But he clasp’d her like a lover,
And he cheer’d her soul with love.

“So she strove against her weakness,

Tho’ at times her spirits sank,
Shaped her heart with woman’s meekness
To all duties of her rank.

“And a gentle consort made he,

And her gentle mind was such,
That she grew a noble lady,
And the people loved her much.

“But a trouble weigh’d upon her,

And perplex’d her night and morn,
With the burthen of an honour
Unto which she was not born.

“Faint she grew, and even fainter,

As she murmur’d, ‘Oh, that he
Were once more that landscape painter,
Which did win my heart from me.’

“So she droop’d and droop’d before him,

Fading slowly from his side;
Three fair children first she bore him,
Then before her time she died.
 “Weeping, weeping late and early,
Walking up and pacing down,
Deeply mourn’d the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh House by Stamford town.

“And he came to look upon her.

And he look’d at her and said,
‘Bring the dress and put it on her
That she wore when she was wed.’

“Then her people, softly treading,

Bore to earth her body, drest
In the dress that she was wed in,
That her spirit might have rest.”

The Countess, whose story is thus so plaintively told, died on the

18th of January, 1797, at the early age of twenty-four, and her
portrait, preserved in the house, cannot but interest every visitor.
The Earl, her husband, was in February, 1801, advanced to the
dignity of Marquis of Exeter, and in May, 1804, he died, and was
succeeded by his son by this romantic and happy, though brief,
espousal.
This son, Brownlow Cecil, second Marquis and eleventh Earl of
Exeter, and twelfth Baron Burleigh, was only nine years of age when,
on the death of his father in 1804, he succeeded to the titles and
estates. In 1824 his lordship married Isabella, daughter of William
Stephen Poyntz, Esq., by whom he had issue eleven children—viz.
William Alleyne, Lord Burleigh, the present Marquis of Exeter; a
daughter, born in 1826; Lord Brownlow Thomas Montague Cecil;
Lady Isabella Mary Cecil, who died in infancy; Lady Mary Frances
Cecil, married to Viscount Sandon, M.P., heir to the earldom of
Harrowby; Lord Edward Henry Cecil; Lady Dorothy Anne Cecil, who
died in infancy; Lord Henry Poyntz Cecil; a son, who died as soon as
born; Lord Adelbert Percy Cecil, to whom Queen Adelaide stood as
sponsor; and Lady Victoria Cecil, to whom her Most Gracious Majesty
Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort were sponsors, married to the
Hon. William Charles Evans-Freke, brother of Lord Carbery. His
lordship died in 1867, and was succeeded by his son—
 The Quadrangle, looking West.

The present noble peer, William Alleyne Cecil, third Marquis and
twelfth Earl of Exeter, and thirteenth Baron Burleigh of Burleigh, a
Privy Councillor, and Hereditary Grand Almoner of England, who was
born on the 30th of April, 1825, and was educated at Eton and St.
John’s College, Cambridge, where he graduated as M.A. in 1847. He
sat as M.P. for South Lincolnshire from 1847 to 1857, and for North
Northamptonshire from 1857 to 1867, in which year he succeeded to
the titles, and took his seat in the Upper House. In 1856 he was
appointed Militia Aide-de-camp to the Queen, and in 1866 was made
Treasurer of her Majesty’s Household. In 1867 and 1868 he was
Captain of her Majesty’s Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms,
and he holds many local and other appointments. His lordship
married, in 1848, Lady Georgiana Sophia Pakenham, second
daughter of the second Earl of Longford, and has issue living—
Brownlow Henry George Cecil, Lord Burleigh, born in 1849, and
married to Isabella, daughter of Sir Thomas Whichcote, Bart.; Lord
Francis Horace Pierrepoint Cecil, born 1851, married to Edith,
youngest daughter of W. Cunliffe-Brooks, Esq., M.P.; Lord William
Cecil, born 1854; Lord John Pakenham Cecil, born 1867; Lady
Isabella Georgiana Katharine Cecil, born 1853; Lady Mary Louisa
Wellesley Cecil, born 1857; Lady Catherine Sarah Cecil, born 1861;
Lady Frances Emily Cecil, born 1862; and Lady Louisa Alexandrina
Cecil, born 1864.
His lordship is patron of seventeen livings, five being in Rutland,
one in London, and eleven in Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire.
The arms of the Marquis of Exeter, engraved on our initial letter,
are—barry of ten, argent and azure; six escutcheons, three, two,
and one, sable, each charged with a lion rampant, argent. Crest—on
a chapeau, gules, turned up, ermine, a garb, or, supported by two
lions rampant, the dexter argent, the sinister azure. Supporters—two
lions, ermine. Motto—“Cor unum via una.” His seats are Burleigh,
near Stamford, and Brookfield House, Ryde, in the Isle of Wight.
The visitor to Burleigh House is admitted by the Porter’s Lodge
into the Outer Court, which is a quadrangle surrounded by the
domestic and business offices of the establishment. He then passes
into the Corridor, decorated with bas-reliefs by Nollekens, and so
reaches the Great Hall, or Queen Victoria’s Hall, a banqueting-room
of magnificent size and of matchless beauty, with open-work timber
roof, stained-glass windows, richly carved gallery, and royal and
other portraits. This noble apartment, shown in the accompanying
engraving, which, with others of our series, is taken from a
photograph by F. Robinson, is 68 feet long, 60 feet in height, and 30
feet in width, with, in addition, a deeply recessed bay window.
 The Great Hall.

It has a magnificent open timber-work roof of carved oak, and

the lower portions of the walls are wainscoted; and at one end is a
music gallery, the cornice of the panelling and the gallery being
supported on a number of richly carved spiral Corinthian columns.
The fire-place is remarkably fine, and the window is filled with
stained glass. Among the pictures in the Hall are a portrait of the
Prince Consort in his Garter robes, presented to the Marquis by the
Prince; Dahl’s full-length portraits of George I., George II., and the
Queen of George II.; and portraits of Viscount and Viscountess
Montague, Earl of Peterborough, Sir Walter Raleigh, &c. From the
Hall, passing through Vestibule and Corridor, which contain busts of
the Cæsars and other examples of sculpture, and the Ancient Stone
Staircase—a part of the original building, shown in the opposite
engraving—the Chapel is reached. The Chapel contains, among its
other attractions, a fine assemblage of carving, said to be by Grinling
Gibbons, and among the best of his productions; an altar-piece by
Paul Veronese, the subject being the “Wife of Zebedee;” the seat
used by Queen Elizabeth when she worshipped here, and used also
for the same purpose by Queen Victoria; and many good paintings.
The communion-table and altar-rails are of cedar-wood, and the
pulpit and reading-desk of mahogany. The magnificent chimney-
piece of various marbles was brought from a convent near Lisbon.
The Ante-chapel is also an interesting room. The Chapel-room
contains many paintings by Carlo Dolce, Domenichino, Lanfranco,
Albert Dürer, Guercino, Andrea Sacchi, Parmigiano, the Carracci,
Guido, Teniers, Bassan, Rubens, Carlo Maratti, Bolognese, Giulio
Romano, Le Brun, and others.
The Billiard-room, panelled with Norway oak and enriched with a
decorated ceiling, is hung with family and other portraits. Among
them are Lawrence’s full-length group portraits of the tenth Earl and
Countess—Sarah the “village maiden”—and their daughter, the Lady
Sophia; several other Earls and Countesses of Exeter, and others of
their families; the first Duke and Duchess of Devonshire; Barbara
Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland; Duchess of Montrose, &c.
We will not, however, go through the various rooms in the order
in which they are visited, but select, here and there, an apartment
for notice, our object being, not to furnish a guide for the visitor’s
use, but to give a general sketch of the mansion and its
surroundings.
The Ball-room has its walls and ceiling painted by Laguerre in his
best style, the subject of the latter being described as the “History of
the Planetary System.” On the east side of the walls is painted “The
Battle of Cannæ,” and on the west “The Continence of Scipio;” the
others being “The Loves of Antony and Cleopatra,” &c. The Brown
Drawing-room, lined with oak, contains many valuable paintings as
well as some exquisite examples of Gibbons’s carvings, as also do
the Black and Yellow Bed-rooms. In this latter room is the ancient
state bed from which it takes its name. This is hung with black satin,
ornamented with fine old needlework, and lined with yellow silk. In
the windows is some good stained glass, and over the chimney-piece
a fine example of Gibbons’s carving. Among the paintings in this and
the West and North-west Dining-rooms are pictures by Guercino, old
Franck, Libri, Angelica Kauffmann, Rubens, Scilla, Cimabue,
Giordano, the Carracci, Elsheimer, Van Balen, Salvator Rosa,
Castiglione, G. Bolognese, Van Eyck, Murillo, Claude Lorraine,
Domenichino, Mola, Jordaens, and others.

The Ancient Stone Staircase.

 In the China Closet, besides several good paintings, a case of
ceramic treasures is preserved.
Queen Elizabeth’s Bed-room is one of the most interesting
apartments in the mansion, “and presents almost the same
appearance as on the day when the great virgin queen first reposed
therein—the very bed on which her royal form reclined, the same
rich ancient tapestry which then decorated the walls, and the same
chairs which then furnished the room, and upon some of which
Elizabeth herself was once seated. The bed is hung with dark green
velvet, embroidered with gold tissue, and the walls are hung with
tapestry representing Bacchus and Ariadne, Acis and Galatea, and
Diana and Actæon.” Queen Elizabeth’s Dining-room, or the Pagoda
Room, looks out upon the lawn, in the centre of which is a majestic
and venerable tree planted by the “Virgin Queen,” the “Good Queen
Bess,” herself. In this room are a Chinese pagoda and many
interesting portraits and other paintings. Among these are Shee’s
portrait of the late marquis; Cranach’s head of Luther; Holbein’s
Henry VIII., Thomas Cromwell, Edward VI., Queen Mary, Duke of
Newcastle, and Queen Elizabeth; Mark Gerard’s Queen Elizabeth and
the Lord Treasurer Burleigh; Zucchero’s Robert Devereux;
Rembrandt’s Countess of Desmond; and admirable examples of Van
Eyck, Annibale Carracci, Velasquez, Titian, Cranach, Paul Veronese,
Cornelius Jansen, Dobsone, Vandyke, old Stone, Dance, Romney,
and others. The Purple Satin Rooms are also hung with valuable
paintings, and the furniture is of superb character.
The George Rooms, as a magnificent suite of five apartments,
occupying the south side of the mansion, are called, have the whole
of their ceilings painted with allegorical and mythological subjects by
Verrio. These are the apartments specially set aside for royalty, and
have been repeatedly so occupied. The first George Room has its
floor of oak inlaid with walnut, and the carvings over the doors are
among the best existing examples of Gibbons. The Jewel Closet has
a similar floor and equally good carvings; and in the centre, in a
large glass case, are preserved numerous jewels and curiosities of
great separate and collective value. “Here are a plate of gold, a
basin, and spoons, used by Queen Elizabeth at her coronation; a
curiously ornamented busk, also used by Queen Elizabeth, and a
jewelled crystal salt-cellar, supposed to have belonged to that great
queen; a minute jewelled trinket sword, once belonging to the
unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots; a handkerchief of William III.;
Cæsar’s head carved in onyx (a choice antique, 2½ inches oval, and
set in diamonds); Henry VIII. and his children cut in sardonyx; the
head of the Lord Treasurer Burleigh on the back of an antique
intaglio of Caracalla, depending from which is a small head of
Elizabeth, both cameo on onyx. There are, besides, a multitude of
enamelled trinkets, miniature vases in gold filigree, amber,
diamonds, precious stones, &c., &c. To this collection have been
added, of late years, a chrysanthemum wreath worn by Queen
Victoria at the baptism of the Lady Victoria Cecil, youngest daughter
of the second marquis, and a pair of white kid gloves worn by her
Majesty at the same time: the wreath has been incrusted with metal
by a process of electro-gilding, but in effecting this it was broken
into several pieces. There is also a very elaborately ornamented
trowel, used by Prince Albert, in 1842, in the ceremony of laying the
first stone of the present building of the Royal Exchange, London,
and presented by him to the Marquis of Exeter, who attended his
Royal Highness at the time as Groom of the Stole. There are also
here a magnificent jewelled crucifix, several feet in height, and of
great value, some rare china, and other articles. One other object
remains to be noticed in this apartment: this is a beautiful specimen
of carving in white wood of a bird, nearly the colour and about the
size of a canary: it is represented as dead, hanging by one leg from
a nail, and so exquisitely is it worked, that looking upon it it is
difficult to believe it merely the resemblance of reality.”
The State Bed-room, or second George Room, is the bed-room
set apart for the repose of royalty, and its furniture and decorations
are of great richness. A magnificent bed was here erected by the
then marquis, in preparation for a visit from George IV. when Prince
of Wales, and was subsequently several times used by various
members of the royal family; but when Queen Victoria visited
Burleigh in 1844, a bed even more rich and costly was substituted,
in which her Majesty and her royal consort, Prince Albert, reposed
during their stay. The hangings are of crimson velvet lined with
white satin. The walls are hung with rare tapestry.
The State Dining-room, and the Great Drawing-room, or fourth
George Room, are gorgeous in the extreme, and filled to repletion
with choice works of Art and antiquity; while the fifth of these
George apartments, named the Heaven, from the subjects of Verrio’s
paintings, which cover alike the ceiling and walls, contains cabinets,
paintings, and busts of great value. The whole of this suite of rooms
is hung with choice pictures, of which, of course, space prevents our
giving an account. The Grand Staircase, leading to the Great Hall,
completes this suite; its ceiling is by Verrio, and the staircase and
landings are adorned with sculpture and paintings.
We regret that we cannot find space to describe the numerous
other admirably constructed and beautifully furnished apartments of
this noble mansion, one of the most interesting of the many glorious
baronial halls of the kingdom.
The burial-place of the family of Cecil is St. Martin’s Church,
Stamford, where many monuments exist; and the visitor will find
much to interest him in this and the other churches of that town.