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.
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Trails of the
Pathfinders
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Trails of the Pathfinders

Author: George Bird Grinnell

Release date: January 5, 2017 [eBook #53897]

Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: E-text prepared by Larry B. Harrison, Charlie Howard, and

the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRAILS OF THE

PATHFINDERS ***
 The Project Gutenberg eBook, Trails of the Pathfinders, by
George Bird Grinnell

Note: Images of the original pages are available through

Internet Archive. See
https://archive.org/details/trailsofpathfind00grinrich
 IN THE SAME
SERIES
Published by CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

The Boy’s Catlin. My Life Among the Indians,

by George Catlin. Edited by Mary Gay Humphreys.
Illustrated. 12mo. net $1.50
The Boy’s Hakluyt. English Voyages of
Adventure and Discovery, retold from Hakluyt
by Edwin M. Bacon. Illustrated. 12mo. net $1.50
The Boy’s Drake. By Edwin M. Bacon. Illustrated.
12mo. net $1.50
Trails of the Pathfinders. By George Bird
Grinnell. Illustrated. 12mo. net $1.50

TRAILS OF THE PATHFINDERS

CAPTAINS LEWIS AND CLARK WERE MUCH PUZZLED AT THIS
POINT TO KNOW WHICH OF THE RIVERS BEFORE THEM
WAS THE MAIN MISSOURI.
 TRAILS OF
THE PATHFINDERS
BY

GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL

AUTHOR OF “BLACKFOOT LODGE TALES,”
“PAWNEE HERO STORIES AND FOLK TALES,”
“THE STORY OF THE INDIAN,”
“INDIANS OF TODAY,” ETC.

ILLUSTRATED

NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
1911

Copyright, 1911, by
CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
Published April, 1911
 PREFACE
The chapters in this book appeared first as part of a series of
articles under the same title contributed to Forest and Stream
several years ago. At the time they aroused much interest and there
was a demand that they should be put into book form.
The books from which these accounts have been drawn are
good reading for all Americans. They are at once history and
adventure. They deal with a time when half the continent was
unknown; when the West—distant and full of romance—held for the
young, the brave and the hardy, possibilities that were limitless.
The legend of the kingdom of El Dorado did not pass with the
passing of the Spaniards. All through the eighteenth and a part of
the nineteenth century it was recalled in another sense by the fur
trader, and with the discovery of gold in California it was heard again
by a great multitude—and almost with its old meaning.
Besides these old books on the West, there are many others
which every American should read. They treat of that same romantic
period, and describe the adventures of explorers, Indian fighters, fur
hunters and fur traders. They are a part of the history of the
continent.
New York, April, 1911.
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Introduction 3
II. Alexander Henry—I 13
III. Alexander Henry—II 36
IV. Jonathan Carver 57
V. Alexander Mackenzie—I 84
VI. Alexander Mackenzie—II 102
VII. Alexander Mackenzie—III 121
VIII. Lewis and Clark—I 138
IX. Lewis and Clark—II 154
X. Lewis and Clark—III 169
XI. Lewis and Clark—IV 179
XII. Lewis and Clark—V 190
XIII. Zebulon M. Pike—I 207
XIV. Zebulon M. Pike—II 226
XV. Zebulon M. Pike—III 238
XVI. Alexander Henry (The Younger)—I 253
XVII. Alexander Henry (The Younger)—II 271
XVIII. Alexander Henry (The Younger)—III 287
 XIX. Ross Cox—I 301
XX. Ross Cox—II 319
XXI. The Commerce of the Prairies—I 330
XXII. The Commerce of the Prairies—II 341
XXIII. Samuel Parker 359
XXIV. Thomas J. Farnham—I 372
XXV. Thomas J. Farnham—II 382
XXVI. Fremont—I 393
XXVII. Fremont—II 405
XXVIII. Fremont—III 415
XXIX. Fremont—IV 428
XXX. Fremont—V 435
 ILLUSTRATIONS
Captains Lewis and Clark Were Much
Puzzled at This Point to Know Which
of the Rivers Before Them Was the
Main Missouri Frontispiece

FACING PAGE
“I Now Resigned Myself to the Fate with
Which I Was Menaced” 28
A Man of the Naudowessie
From Travels Through the Interior
Parts of North America, by Jonathan
Carver 62
A Man of the Ottigaumies
From Travels Through the Interior
Parts of North America, by Jonathan
Carver 62
Alexander Mackenzie
From Mackenzie’s Voyages from
Montreal Through the Continent of
North America, etc. 84
Mackenzie and the Men Jumped Overboard 118
Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike,
Monument at Colorado Springs,
Colorado 208
Buffalo on the Southern Plains
From Kendall’s Narrative of the
Texas Santa Fé Expedition 236
Two Men Mounted on Her Back, but She
Was as Active with This Load as Before 270
Fur Traders of the North 280
Astoria in 1813
From Franchere’s Narrative of a
Voyage to the Northwest Coast of
America 302
Caravan on the March
From Gregg’s Commerce of the
Prairies 334
Wagons Parked for the Night
From Gregg’s Commerce of the
Prairies 340
Trappers Attacked by Indians
From an old print by A. Tait 360
Train Stampeded by Wild Horses
From Bartlett’s Texas, New Mexico,
California, etc. 372
Major-General John C. Fremont 394
An Oto Council
From James’s An Expedition from
Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains
by Major Stephen H. Long. 414

MAP
PAGE
Routes of Some of the Pathfinders 2
TRAILS OF THE PATHFINDERS

ROUTES OF SOME OF THE PATHFINDERS

TRAILS OF THE PATHFINDERS
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

T
hree centuries ago half a dozen tiny hamlets, peopled by white
men, were scattered along the western shores of the North
Atlantic Ocean. These little settlements owed allegiance to
different nations of Europe, each of which had thrust out a hand to
grasp some share of the wealth which might lie in the unknown
wilderness which stretched away from the seashore toward the
west.

The “Indies” had been discovered more than a hundred years

before, but though ships had sailed north and ships had sailed
south, little was known of the land, through which men were seeking
a passage to share the trade which the Portuguese, long before, had
opened up with the mysterious East. That passage had not been
found. To the north lay ice and snow, to the south—vaguely known—
lay the South Sea. What that South Sea was, what its limits, what its
relations to lands already visited, were still secrets.
St. Augustine had been founded in 1565; and forty years later
the French made their first settlement at Port Royal in what is now
Nova Scotia. In 1607 Jamestown was settled; and a year later the
French established Quebec. The Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts in
1620 and the first settlement of the Dutch on the island of
Manhattan was in 1623. All these settlers establishing themselves in
a new country found enough to do in the struggle to procure
subsistence, to protect themselves from the elements and from the
attacks of enemies, without attempting to discover what lay inland—