Khusboo Agarwal
CSE
MITS, Gwalior
MITS, Gwalior
COURSE OBJECTIVES
To build an understanding of the fundamental
concepts of TCP/IP with computer networking.
To familiarize the student with the basic taxonomy
and terminology of the TCP/IP area.
To understand the network traffic, congestion,
controlling and resource allocation.
MITS, Gwalior
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1. define the concept of computer network and various
layered architecture.
CO2. compare the classless and class full addressing of
IPV4 .
CO3. identify the different types of networking devices and
their functions within a network.
CO4. analyze various protocols of computer networks for
assisting network design and implementation.
CO5. design client server applications and communication
model and protocols for communication.
CO6. elaborate various TCP/IP protocol for achieving
multimedia and security services.
MITS, Gwalior
Unit-I
Introduction : ARPANET, ISDN and Broadband ISDN, Protocols and Standards,
Internet Administration , ATM Model, SONET & SDH, TCP/IP Protocol Suite,
Network Addressing at various layer
Unit-II
IP Layer: Connection Oriented & Connection less Internet Working, IPV4 Addressing,
Subnetting, Supernetting. Delivery and Forwarding of IP Packets, IPv4,IPV6, ARP,
RARP, ICMPv4, IGMP, Mobile IP, Unicast Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, and
BGP),Multicasting and Multicast Routing Protocols
Unit-III
TCP and UDP Layer: TCP Reliable data transfer, Connection Establishment &
Release, TCP Frame, Header Checksum, Sliding Window Concept for error control,
congestion control and TCP timer, UDP Format, Pseudo header, Encapsulation,
Checksum, Multiplexing &Demultiplexing. Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Unit-IV
Application Layer: Client-Server Paradigm, DHCP, DNS, TELNET, FTP, TFTP,
World Wide Web and HTTP, Electronic Mail: SMTP, POP, IMAP, and MIME, SNMP,
BOOTP.
Unit-V
Multimedia andNext Generation Protocol: Voice over IP, Real Time Transport
Protocol, IPv6 Addressing, IPv6 Protocol, ICMPv6, Firewall, PGP, HTTPS.
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Data and Computer Communication, W. Stalling,
Pearson
Internetworking with TCP/IP - Vol. – I, D.E.
Comer, PHI
Data Communication & Networking, B.A.
Forouzan
ISDN and Broad band ISDN with Frame Relay &
ATM, W. Stalling
LANs, Keiser
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Protocol Layering
A protocol define the rules that the sender and receiver
and all intermediate device need to follow.
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Single layer Protocol
Source Destination Layer 1
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Three layer protocol
Sender Receiver
Identical object
Layer 3 Listen/talk Listen/talk Layer 3
Encrypt/Decryp Identical object Encrypt/Decrypt Layer 2
Layer 2
t
Layer 1 Send mail/receive Identical object Send mail/receive mail Layer 1
mail
The postal carrier from the source to the destination.
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Cont…
Sender Receiver
Letter is written put in put in Higher The letter is picked up, removed
an envelope, dropped in a layers from the envelope, and read.
mailbox
The letter is carried from the Middle The letter is carried from the post
mailbox to a post office layers office to a mailbox
The letter is delivered to a carrier Lower The letter is delivered from the
by the post office layers carrier to the post office.
The parcel is carried from the source to the
destination.
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Principles of Protocol Layering
First Principle
The first principle dictates that if we want bidirectional communication, we need to make
each layer so that it is able to perform two opposite tasks, one in each direction. For
example, the third layer task is to listen (in one direction) and talk (in the other direction
Second Principle
The second principle that we need to follow in protocol layering is that the two objects
under each layer at both sites should be identical. For example, the object under layer 3 at
both sites should be a plaintext letter.
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Network Protocols & Architecture
OSI
TCP/IP
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Query
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Question/Answer
Identify the five components of a data communications system.?
Ans. The five components of a data communication system are the sender, receiver, transmission
medium, message, and protocol.
Write the Services on the Internet?
Ans. Communication services
Informational Services
What is a peer-to-peer process??
Ans. Peer-to-peer processes are processes on two or more devices communicating at a same layer
What are the advantages of distributed processing?
Ans. The advantages of distributed processing are security, access to distributed databases,
collaborative processing, and faster problem solving.
Why are protocols needed?
Ans. A protocol defines what is communicated, in what way and when. This provides
accurate and timely transfer of information between different devices on a network.
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References
Behrouz A Forouzon”Data communications and
Networking” TMH fourth edition
Forouzon”Data communications and Networking”
TMH fifth edition
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Quiz Time
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