LOWER LIMB
1. Osteology of the lower limb: hip bone, femur, patella, tibia, fiibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
2. Anterior fascial compartment of the thigh, femoral triangle
3. Medial thigh
4. Gluteal region
5. Popliteal region
6. Posterior thigh
7. Anterior part of the leg and dorsum of the foot
8. Posterior and lateral leg
9. Sole of the foot
10. Lower limb joints
THORAX
1. Overview of the thorax, surface markings
2. Thoracic wall
3. Thoracic cavity, intercostal spaces
4. The diaphragm
5. Pleurae and lungs
6. Mediastinum
7. Pericardium and heart
8. Great vessels of the thorax
9. Oesophagus, trachea and thoracic duct
10. Azygos system of veins
UPPER LIMB
1. Overview of the upper limb
2. Osteology of the UL
3. Myology of the UL
4. Fascia of the UL
5. Nervous supply of the UL
6. Breast
7. Vasculature of the UL
8. Brachial plexus
9. Axilla, Cubital fossa, carpal tunnel and hand spaces
10. Joints: shoulder, elbow, wrist...
ABDOMEN
1. Overview of the abdomen, pelvis and perineum
2. Anterolateral abdominal wall
3. Inguinal region
4. The peritoneum
5. Abdominal viscera
6. Upper urinary organs: kidneys, ureter and suprarenal glands
7. Thoracic diaphragm
8. Autonomic innervation of the abdominopelvic viscera
9. Posterior abdominal wall
PELVIS
1. Bony pelvis: joints, ligaments, fascia, nerve, arteries and veins
2. Pelvic organs
lower urinary organs: ureters, bladder, male and female urethra
male internal genitalia
Rectum
Female internal genitalia
PERINEUM
1. Perineum: extents, part, fascia, pouches, ischioanal fossa
2. Anal canal
3. Male perineum
4. Female perineum
HEAD AND NECK
1. Osteology of Head and Neck
2. Scalp and Face
3. Deep cervical fascia
4. Triangles of the neck
5. Temporal and Infratemporal regions
6. Deep structures of the neck
7. Orbit, eye and cranial cavity
8. Temporal mandibular joint and oral cavity
9. Lymphatic drainage of the head and neck
10. Parotid, pterygoid and submandibular regions
11. Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
12. Pharynx, larynx and ear
NEUROANATOMY
1. Introduction to Neuroscience
2. Development, gross anatomy and internal organization of spinal cord
3. Spinal tracts: ascending and descending
4. Cerebrum: gross features, microanatomy, functional areas
5. Cross sectional anatomy of the brain stem
6. Functional components of the cranial nerves, cranial nerves nuclei
7. Cerebellum: gross features, circuitry and functional considerations
8. The thalamus, hypothalamus, connections and functions
9. Basal ganglia: connections and functions
10. The limbic system
11. Control of posture and movement
12. Development and pathways of the visual, auditory and vestibular system
13. Ventricular system: production and circulation of CSF
14. Blood supply of the brain: clinical consideration in the CNS
EMBRYOLOGY
1. Development of the CNS
2. Development of the GIT
3. Development of the urinary system
4. Development of the genital system
5. Development of the musculoskeletal system
6. Development of the integuments: skin, hair, mammary gland and teeth
7. Development of the head and neck
8. Development of the special senses: eye, ear, nose and tongue
9. Development of the respiratory system
10. Development of the mesenteries and diaphragm
11. Development of the cardiovascular system
12. Fetal circulation and the circulatory changes at birth
HISTOLOGY
FIRST SEMESTER
1. Tissue preparation and microscopy
2. Cell Structure and Function
3. Muscle tissue
4. Epithelial tissue
5. Connective Tissue
6. Nerve tissue
7. Cartilage and bone
SECOND SEMESTER
8. Hematopoiesis
9. Gastrointestinal system
10. Accessory organs of GIT
11. Respiratory system
12. Integumentary system
13. Urinary system
14. Endocrine system
15. Male reproductive system
16. Female reproductive system
17. Nervous system
18. Special senses: vestibulocochlear organ
19. Eye
FIRST SEMESTER BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Structure, Function and Chemistry of Living cells
2. Acids and Bases
3. Metabolism of Amino acids
4. Structure and function of biological membranes
5. Membrane transport and diseases
6. Metabolism of Proteins
7. Blood, properties and functions
8. Plasma, plasma proteins, separation functions and blood clotting
9. Immunoglobulins, types and structures, functions
10. Immunotherapy
11. Metabolism of porphyrins
12. Metabolism of carbohydrates I & II
13. The pentose phosphate pathway
14. The pancreatic hormones: insulin
15. Glucagon chemistry
16. Adrenal glands
17. Gastrointestinal hormones
18. Hormones of the testis, ovary and placenta
19. Nucleic acids
20. Deoxyribonucleic acid
21. Ribonucleic acid
22. Protein biosynthesis
23. Genetic regulation of cellular metabolism
24. Genetic engineering
25. Introduction to human nutrition, water and major uses
26. Major nutritional disorders
27. Iron sources, distribution and biochemistry
28. Introduction to lipids
29. Biochemical significance of trace elements in the body
30. Macronutrients: calcium and phosphorus metabolism
31. Lipoproteins: transport and importance of lipids
SECOND SEMESTER BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Translocation gene rearrangement if disease state
2. Biochemical functions of nervous system and neurotransmitter
3. Retroviruses and AIDS
4. Biochemical functions of kidney
5. Biochemical functions of liver
6. Cancer: proto-oncogenes and oncogenes
7. Biochemical features of tropical diseases
8. Biochemistry of prostaglandins
9. Bioenergetics: ETC and oxidative phosphorylation
10. Muscle action
11. Metabolism of lipids
12. Biochemical functions of vitamins: water soluble and fat soluble
13. Co-enzymes
14. Enzymes: nature, properties, catalysis, kinetics and factors affecting
15. Clinical importance of enzymes, enzyme inhibition
16. Human nutrition: water and major ions
17. Regulation of water balance. Functions of electrolytes
18. Ageing and signaling pathways
19. Ageing and apoptosis
20. Metabolic processes and oxidative stress in ageing
21. Xenobiochemistry
CELL
Cell Physiology
Membrane transport, homeostasis
BLOOD
Blood fractions, Plasma proteins and platelets
Red blood cells and blood groups
Hemoglobin types, functions and reactions
Leucocytes, platelets, lymph composition and formation
Hemopoiesis
Immunity I – Innate immunity and inflammation
Immunity II – acquired immunity and immune reactions, allergy and vaccination
Haemostasis
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Hormones – types, mechanisms of actions and feedback mechanism
Endocrine thalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Endocrine pancreas
Calcium homeostasis
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Other endocrine glands
REPRODUCTION
Puberty, Menarche
Male reproduction function – spermatogenesis
Physiology of coitus, erection and ejaculation
Menstrual cycle
Ovarian cycle, menopause
Maternal physiology in pregnancy and pregnancy tests
Parturition, Lactation and contraception
GIT
Mastication and Deglutition
Saliva and gastric secretion
Pancreatic, biliary and intestinal juices
Gastric motility, gastric emptying and vomiting
Intestinal motility
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Digestion and absorption of fats
Digestion and absorption of proteins
GIT hormones
RENAL
Electrolytes composition in body fluid compartments
Overview of functions of the kidney
Renal blood flow and clearance
Urine formation
Micturition
Diuresis
Role of kidney in water balance and acid base balance
PNS
Neuron properties, functions etc.
Biological potentials RMP, AP, GP
Receptors: types, functions, potentials, mechanism of action
Synapses and synaptic transmission
Neuromuscular transmission
Muscle physiology (types and contraction)
Reflexes - types, general properties
CARDIOVASCULAR
Electrophysiology of cardiac muscles and electrocardiogram
Heart rate and regulation
Cardiac cycle and heart sounds
Cardiac output and regulation
Arterial blood pressure, measurement and regulation
Microcirculation and regulation
Lymphatic system
Circulation through special organs
RESPIRATION
Mechanism of respiration, gas laws, gaseous exchange in lungs and carriage in blood
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Control of respiration
Respiratory function tests, lung volumes, capacities, flow rates, hypoxia
CNS
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
Overview of brain function, electrical activity of the brain
Function of brain stem, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum review
Control of posture – physiological basis, stretch reflexes, postural reflexes
Control of voluntary movement
Sleep and alertness
Memory and emotions
SPECIAL SENSES
Vision
Hearing, Vestibular Auditory and visual systems
Smell
Taste modalities and mechanism of taste sensations
