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.
εἴπῃς Aeschi. iii. 165. Socrates offers to Meletus the opportunity to
present such evidence, and to use part of the time allotted to him,
— but the offer was futile on every account. No formal evidence
could be introduced at the trial that was not presented at the
preliminary hearing. 34. μέν: the uév-clause is subordinate. Cf. 34 ¢,
28 e.—ydp: ‘this fact proves innocence, for how can you account for
this ?” 34 b
 PLATO’ APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 8 346 35 τάχ᾽ ἂν λόγον
ἔχοιεν βοηθοῦντες - οἱ δ᾽ ἀδιάφθαρτοι, πρεσ Bv» ’ τεροι ἤδη ἄνδρες,
οἱ τούτων προσήκοντες, τίνα ἄλλον ἔχουσι , A > Se 2 5. ἃ λόγον
βοηθοῦντες ἐμοὶ ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τὸν ὀρθόν τε καὶ δίκαιον, ὅτι ’ὔ Ψ᾽ Ν
συνίσασι Μελήτῳ μὲν ψευδομένῳ, ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ἀληθεύοντι;. XXIII. Εἶεν
δή, ὦ ἄνδρες. ἃ μὲν ἐγὼ ἔχοιμ᾽ ἂν ἀπολογεῖσθαι. σχεδόν ἐστι ταῦτα
καὶ ἄλλα ἴσως τοιαῦτα. τάχα δ᾽ " eon > , 3 Neer: a Se \ αν TLS υμων
αγανακτήσειεν ἀναμνησθεὶς EQUTOV, εὐ O μεν Ν > / Ν aA 3 “Ὁ > ”A
> 8 > / καὶ ἐλάττω τουτουὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἀγῶνα ἀγωνιζόμενος ἐδεήθη
Vel? \ \ δ A , , TE και LKETEVOE TOUS δικαστὰς μετα πολλῶν
δακρύων, παιδία θ᾽ αὑτοῦ ἀναβιβασάμενος, ἵνα ὅτι μάλιστα ἐλεηθείη,
καὶ ἀλλους τῶν οἰκείων καὶ φίλων πολλούς, ἐγὼ δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἄρα
τούτων 85. λόγον ἔχοιεν : cf. 31 b. —They might not like to
acknowledge that they had been corrupted. 36. οἱ τούτων
προσήκοντες: this participle, like ἄρχων and συνάρχων, by usage
has become substantially a noun. The poets apparently were the
first to use participles in this way. Cf. ἰόντων τοῖς τεκοῦσι Aesch.
Pers. 245, ὁ ἐκείνου τεκών Eur. El. 335. The participial use and the
use as a noun subsisted side by side. 37. ἀλλ᾽ q: cf. 20d. XXIII-XXIV.
Peroration. Instead of making the usual personal appeal to the
judges’ feelings, Socrates dilates on the lack of dignity, the injustice,
and the impiety of making such an appeal. ΧΧΤΠ. 1 have said all
that I care to say in reply to the cnarges against me. I will not do
what is customary, and close my defense with an appeal for pity and
mercy. Such an appeat would not be for my honor or for that of the
city. I have the reputation of surpassing the other Athenians at least
in some respects, and the best of the citizens ought not to be
womanish. The court, too, should not favor those who bring forward
their children in order to excite pity, and thus introduce a pitiable
spectacle. 1. εἶεν 54: marks the close of the argument. 3.
ἀναμνησθεὶς ἑαυτοῦ : i.e. remembering how he himself had striven
to arouse the sympathy and pity of his judges. In so large a court
were doubtless many δικασταί who had been defendants. —6 μὲν
κτλ. : here again the pév-clause is subordinate in importance. Cf. 33
b, 35a. 4. ἐλάττω ἀγῶνα: the μέγιστος ἀγών was the one involving a
man’s franchise and his life. Cf. παιδία yap παραστήσεται καὶ κλαήσει
καὶ τούτοις αὑτὸν ἐξαιτήσεται Dem. xxi. 99, and οἶδα τοίνυν ὅτι τὰ
παιδία ἔχων ὀδυρεῖται (the defendant will bring his children and
burst into lamentations) καὶ πολλοὺ: λόγους καὶ ταπεινοὺς ἐρεῖ,
δακρύων καὶ εἰ: ἐλεινότατον ποιῶν αὑτόν ib. 186. 6. ἐλεηθείη :
awaken vity.
 10 20 94 ΠΛΑΤΩ͂ΝΟΣ ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ SOKPATOYS, 8540 ’ Ἂ lal ,
e “Δ ᾿ Ἂν » ποιήσω, καὶ ταῦτα κινδυνεύων, ὡς ἂν δόξαιμι, τὸν
ἔσχατον κίνδυνον. τάχ᾽ οὖν τις ταῦτα ἐννοήσας αὐθαδέστερον ἂν
πρός με σχοίη, καὶ ὀργισθεὶς αὐτοῖς τούτοις θεῖτο ἂν μετ᾽ ὀργῆς Ν “Ὁ
> ὔ ε aA 9 » > 2 A \ Ὶς τὴν ψῆφον. εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει, ---
οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἃ ἔγωγε- εἰ δ᾽ οὖν, --- ἐπιεικῆ iv μοι δοκῶ πρὸς
τοῦτον λέγειν λέγων ὅτι “Ἐμοί, ὦ ἄριστε, εἰσὶν μέν πού τινες καὶ
οἰκεῖοι καὶ Ν A 4 2ENE oN “ε , Ese ἡ ‘aro δρονὸ CNS Dine ween, yap
τοῦτο αὐτὸ TO TOV Ὁμήρου, οὐδ᾽ ἐγὼ ‘ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ᾽ ἀπὸ is ’ ΄,
> 33 > , Ψ \ > OS, z » πέτρης᾽ πέφυκα, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ὥστε
Kal οἰκεῖοί μοί εἰσι DW, Feat! Ἔν. 3 A A a \ , » καὶ ὑεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες
᾿Αθηναῖοι, τρεῖς, εἷς μὲν μειράκιον ἤδη. δύο δὲ παιδία: ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως
οὐδένα αὐτῶν δεῦρο ἀναβιβασάμεva e een 9 Ψ 3.3 , ἧς 4 > Ἂς 4.
vos δεήσομαι ὑμῶν ἀποψηφίσασθαι." τί δὴ οὖν οὐδὲν τούτων U4 3 3
΄ i waged > A 3109-60 Ὡς ποιήσω; οὐκ αὐθαδιζόμενος, ὦ ἄνδρες
᾿Αθηναῖοι, οὐδ᾽ ὑμᾶς > , > > > \ , 9 ν» x 16 λ ᾽,ὔ ἀτιμάζων, ἀλλ᾽ εἰ
μὲν θαρραλέως ἐγὼ ἔχω πρὸς θάνατον ἢ μή. » ’ὔ Ἂν > 3" ’ὔ Ν 5 Ἂ; \
[4 A ἊΨ “A ἄλλος λόγος, πρὸς δ᾽ οὖν δόξαν καὶ ἐμοὶ καὶ ὑμῖν καὶ ὅλῃ
TH , ΕΣ A N > 91 AN , 2Q\ A \ πόλει οὔ μοι δοκεῖ καλὸν εἶναι ἐμὲ
τούτων οὐδὲν ποιεῖν Kal 8. ὡς dv δόξαιμι : of course Socrates
himself is far from believing that the risk he runs is desperate. 9.
οὖν: marks the resumption of the thought of 1. 3. — αὐθαδέστερον
σχοίη: might be too easily offended, more literally represented by
more (than otherwise) self-willed. The δικασταί might be too proud
to submit to even tacit criticism of their own conduct in like cases.
10. αὐτοῖς τούτοις : causal. — ὃργῆς: the state of mind which results
from ὀργισθείς. 11. γάρ: ‘‘ (Isay if), for, though I do not expect it of
you, yet (making the supposition) if it should be so.”’ 12. εἰ δ᾽ οὖν :
resumptive. 13. καὶ οἰκεῖοι : “1 am not alone in the world; I too have
relatives.”’ 14. τοῦτο αὐτὸ τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου: this idiom (with the
genitive of the proper name) is common in quotations. No verb is
expressed, and the quotation is in apposition with τοῦτο ete. Cf.
Symp. 221 b.— The reference is to οὐ yap ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι
παλαιφάτου οὐδ᾽ ἀπὸ πέτρης Hom. τ 168, —an old proverb used by
Penelope in questioning the disguised Odysseus. 15 f. καί, καί : not
correlative. The first καί means also, while the second introduces a
particular case under οἰκεῖοι ---- yes, and sons. 16. τρεῖς:
appositively, three of them. See Introduction § 16. 17. οὐδένα: the
negative applies to both the participle and δεήσομαι. 20. εἰ μὲν
θαρραλέως ἔχω κτλ.: whether I can look death in the face or not.
Grammatical consistency would require that ἀλλά should be followed
by a participle, but the construction is shifted. Cf 234xe. 21 e.
 25 90 35 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 95 35 b ’ Ν Ν “
» τηλικόνδε ὄντα καὶ τοῦτο τοὔνομα ἔχοντα, εἴτ᾽ οὖν ἀληθὲς ¥ > a
εἴτ᾽ οὖν ψεῦδος. ἀλλ᾽ οὖν δεδογμένον γ᾽ ἐστὶ τὸ Σωκράτη ὃ , Ἂς “A
ων > 4 > 4 ε A ε ιαφέρειν τινὶ τῶν πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων. εἰ οὖν ὑμῶν
οἱ δοκοῦντες διαφέρειν εἴτε σοφίᾳ εἴτ᾽ ἀνδρείᾳ εἴτ᾽ ἄλλῃ ἡτινιοῦ ρ α
εἴτ᾽ ἀνδρείᾳ εἴτ᾽ ἄλλῃ ἡτινιοῦν 9 A a“ » > ἀρετῇ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται,
αἰσχρὸν ἂν εἴη: οἵουσπερ ἐγὼ TOA’, Ψ' 9 “ λάκις ἑώρακά τινας, ὅταν
κρίνωνται, δοκοῦντας μέν τι εἶναι, ’ 2 5 θαυμάσια δ᾽ ἐργαζομένους,
ὡς δεινόν τι οἰομένους πείσεσθαι la) Ld A εἰ ἀποθανοῦνται, ὥσπερ
ἀθανάτων ἐσομένων, ἂν ὑμεῖς αὐτοὺς x , x A A μὴ ἀποκτείνητε: Ot
ἐμοὶ δοκοῦσιν αἰσχύνην TH πόλει περι, ἂν» Dew, Ἂν A V4 ε A 4 ε /,
ἄπτειν, woT ἂν τινα καὶ τῶν ξένων ὑπολαβεῖν ὅτι οἱ διαφέ35 > » 3 >
ἃ lal lal ροντες ᾿Αθηναίων εἰς ἀρετήν, ods αὐτοὶ ἑαυτῶν ἔν τε ταῖς Ὁ
3 A xX A ¥ “ “ ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις τιμαῖς προκρίνουσιν, οὗτοι
γυναικῶν οὐδὲν διαφέρουσι. ΄ ταῦτα γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, οὔθ᾽
ἡμᾶς χρὴ ποιεῖν τοὺς δοκοῦντας καὶ ὁτιοῦν εἶναι, OUT ἂν ἡμεῖς “ ε΄.
3 , 3 N A + eee, ee ΄, 9 ποιῶμεν ὑμᾶς ἐπιτρέπειν, ἀλλὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸ
ἐνδείκνυσθαι, ὅτι 23. τοῦτο τοὔνομα : cf. 23 a. 24. ψεῦδος: used as
the contrary of the adjective ἀληθές. --- ἀλλ᾽ οὖν κτλ. : however
that may be, people have come to believe. —76: indicates that what
follows is quoted. 25. ὑμῶν: partitive with οἱ δοκοῦνTes. — οἵ
δοκοῦντες : here Socrates may have had Pericles in mind, if
Plutarch’s gossip is truth. Cf. ᾿Ασπασίαν μὲν οὖν ἐξῃτήσατο, πολλὰ
πάνυ παρὰ τὴν δίκην, ὡς Αἰσχίνης φησίν, ἀφεὶς ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς δάκρυα
καὶ δεηθεὶς τῶν δικαστῶν Pericl. 82. 8, he begged Aspasia off,
though Aeschines says it was by a flagrant disregard of justice, by
weeping for her and beseeching the jurymen. 27. τοιοῦτοι: i.e. such
as are described in 34 c, and below. 30. ἀθανάτων ἐσομένων : the
subject of this genitive absolute is the same as that of
ἀποθανοῦνται. This is not the regular construction, for usually the
genitive absolute expresses a subordinate limitation, and clearness
demands an independent subject. Here, and in many cases where it
introduces an independent idea, it depends on the leading clause for
its subject. Cf. καὶ οὐκ ἔφασαν ἰέναι, ἐὰν μή τις αὐτοῖς χρήματα διδῷ,
ὥσπερ καὶ τοῖς προτέροις μετὰ Κύρου ἀναβᾶσι. .. καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐπὶ
μάχην ἰόντων Xen. An. i. 4. 12. —For the thought, cf. ὦ πέπο», el
μὲν γὰρ πόλεμον περὶ τόνδε φυγόντε] αἰεὶ δὴ μέλλοιμεν ἀγήρω τ᾽
ἀθανάτω Te ἔσσεσθ᾽, οὔτε κεν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισι μαχοίμην Hom. M
822. :- 33. ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς : ie. in bestowing offices. . οὗτοι : a
pointed reiteration. . ἡμᾶς : i.e. defendants. . δοκοῦντας κτλ. : cf. 1.
28. . ὑμᾶς : ie. the δικασταί.
 90 ΤΙΛΑΤΏΝΟΣ ΑΠΟΛΟΓῚΑ ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ 85 Ὁ πολὺ μᾶλλον
καταψηφιεῖσθε τοῦ τὰ ἐλεεινὰ ταῦτα δράματα Ν , x wn ᾿ xX lol
εἰσάγοντος Kal καταγέλαστον τὴν πόλιν ποιοῦντος ἢ τοῦ ε ¥ “ 40
ηἡσυχιαν αγοντος. XXIV. χωρὶς δὲ τῆς δόξης, ὦ ἄνδρες, οὐδὲ δίκαιόν
μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι δεῖσθαι τοῦ δικαστοῦ οὐδὲ δεόμενον ἀποφεύγειν,
ἀλλὰ διδάσκειν καὶ πείθειν. οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τούτῳ κάθηται ὁ διla tao. “A
"ὦ θ ἧς δί ΣᾺ: SN A SD, καστῆης, επι TO καταχαρίζεσ au Ta ικαια. a
επι Τῳ κρι an > A 4 x wn a 5 νειν ταῦτα: Kal ὀμώμοκεν οὐ
χαριεῖσθαι οἷς ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ, > N , \ \ ΄ » τ CTs | a ea "52 ἀλλὰ
δικάσειν κατα TOUS νομους. ουκουν XP” οὐθ ημας eGiε A 3 a ν᾽ € A
22)’ > , Ν x ζειν υμας ἐπιορκειν οὐθ υμας ἐθίζεσθαι οὐδέτεροι yap av
la na an μ καὶ » A ἡμῶν εὐσεβοῖεν. μὴ οὖν ἀξιοῦτέ με, ὦ ἄνδρες
᾿Αθηναῖοι, a A \ ε κα ΄ ἃ fy? e¢ a Si τὴν TOLAUTaA δεῖν προς υμας
πράττειν, α μήθ ηγουμᾶι καλὰ ειναι 10 μήτε δίκαια μήθ᾽ ὅσια. ἄλλως
τε μέντοι νὴ Δία [πάντως] καὶ μη μη ’ μ 1 39. εἰσάγοντος : a word
borrowed from the theatre. XXIV. But, reputation aside, it is not just
that the accused should ask for pity. The court sits to dispense
justice, not to award favors. If I should urge you to acquit me
contrary to your oath, I should show that I do not believe the gods
to exist and punish perjurers. But I believe in the gods, and am
ready to leave the decision of my case to them and my judges. 1.
χωρὶς δὲ τῆς δόξης κτλ. : after the unseemly practice has been
condemned by reference to τὸ καλόν (δόξα), it is found inconsistent
also with τὸ δίκαιον, and this is conclusive against it. The second
οὐδέ (with ἀποφεύγειν) is merely the correlative of the first ; in the
positive form of statement, καί would be used. 3. διδάσκειν καὶ
πείθειν : perhaps the full idea would be, διδάσκειν καὶ διδάσκοντα
πείθειν. 4. ἐπὶ τῷ καταχαρίζεσθαι : this explains ἐπὶ τούτῳ For ἐπί, cf.
ἐπὶ δια.. βολῇ 90 e, ἐπὶ παρακελεύσει 380 ἃ. Notice the implication of
κατά in composition, and cf. καταδεηθείη 88 e. 5. ὀμώμοκεν : part of
the oath taken by the δικασταί was ψηφιοῦμαι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους...
καὶ οὔτε χάριτος ἕνεκ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ἔχOpas.... καὶ ἀκροάσομαι τοῦ τε
κατηγόρου καὶ τοῦ ἀπολογουμένου ὁμοίως ἀμφοῖν. The orators often
refer to this oath. οὐ is used, not μὴ, in keeping the form of the oath
in indirect discourse. 7. ἐθίζεσθαι : allow yourselves to be
habituated. 8. ἡμῶν : includes both the speaker and the court,
referred to above by ἡμᾶς and ὑμᾶς respectively. 9. ἃ μήθ᾽ ἡγοῦμαι :
notice the order. Socrates adds μήθ᾽ ὅσια last because he
remembers the ἐπιορκεῖν above. 10. ἄλλως... kal: the hyperbaton
(H. 1062) consists in interrupting the familiar phrase ἄλλως τε καί, in
 15 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 97 36 a > / , “
ἀσεβείας φεύγοντα ὑπὸ Μελήτου τουτουΐ. σαφῶς γὰρ ἄν, εἰ (θ ε A
ἈΝ ΄»“»-: ὃ a θ 4 > 3 ὃς πείθοιμι ὑμᾶς καὶ τῷ δεῖσθαι βιαζοίμην
ὀμωμοκότας, θεοὺς x , a A ~ dv διδάσκοιμι μὴ ἡγεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς εἶναι,
Kal ἀτεχνῶς ἀπολο4 x A γούμενος κατηγοροίην ἂν ἐμαυτοῦ ws θεοὺς
ov νομίζω. ἀλλὰ “ A ν aA πολλοῦ δεῖ οὕτως ἔχειν: νομίζω τε γάρ, ὦ
ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ε XN ~ “ “ “ Lal ws οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων,
Kal ὑμῖν ἐπιτρέπω Kal TO θεῷ aA Ἂν lal , “A κρῖναι περὶ ἐμοῦ ὅπῃ
μέλλει ἐμοί τ᾽ ἄριστα εἶναι καὶ ὑμῖν. Ν δ A 4s A XXV. To μὲν μὴ
ἀγανακτεῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ἐπὶ “A 9 τούτῳ τῷ γεγονότι, OTL
μου κατεψηφίσασθε, ἄλλα τέ μοι ἣν , Ἀ 9 3 vA id , bs πολλὰ
συμβάλλεται, Kal οὐκ ἀνέλπιστόν μοι γέγονε TO γεγοorder to make
room for μέντοι νὴ Δία, after which ἄλλως is forgotten and πάντως is
brought in with καί. 12. πείθοιμι κτλ. : this gives in brief Socrates’s
objection to the practice of appeals for pity and mercy. — θεοὺς εἶναι
: widely separated, giving great emphasis to both. This arrangement
of words is intended to arrest the attention and thus prevent their
meaning from being slighted. Here, of course, Socrates refers to
Meletus’s charge of atheism, 24 b, 26 ο. 16. ἐπιτρέπω: Socrates
concludes his plea with words of submission. XXV-XXVIII. Now that
Socrates has been convicted what penalty is to be imposed ? For a
γραφὴ ἀσεβείας no definite penalty was prescribed by the law, but it
was to be determined in each case by the court (Introd. § 56). —
Since Chapter XXIV the judges have voted, and declared Socrates
guilty, by a vote of 281 to 220; and Meletus has spoken, proposing
and urging a sentence of death. XXV. I was prepared for the decisicn
against me. Indeed I thought the majority would be much larger. A
change of thirty votes would have given me acquittal. Clearly, then,
if Anytus and Lycon had not joined Meletus in the prosecution, he
would have failed. 1. τὸ ph ἀγανακτεῖν : the infinitive with the article
is placed at the beginning of the clause, and amounts to an
accusative of specification, instead of being construed with
συμβάλλεται. ‘¢ Many things contribute toward my not grieving,’ 1.6.
prevent me from grieving; ‘‘ the fact that I feel no disposition to be
indignant results from many causes.”’ 2. ὅτι pov κατεψηφίσασθε: a
definition of τούτῳ τῷ γεγονότι. 3. καὶ... γέγονε: the important fact
detaches itself from any connective like ὅτι. This is often the case in
clauses connected with τέ... καί, οὔτε ...oure, μέν... δέ. Cf. ὅμως δ᾽
ἐδόκει 21 6, and διαφθείρουσιν 25 b. KS 36
 10 98 TIAATQNOS ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ 36a lal Ν A , ε ,
A vos τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον θαυμάζω ἑκατέρων τῶν ψήφων Ἂν
Υ', 3 ’ 3 x bs »Ὰ > ν x > 4 τὸν γεγονότα ἀριθμόν. ov yap φόμην
ἔγωγ᾽ οὕτω παρ᾽ Ode » 3 Ν Ν , a δ᾽ εις > , γον ἔσεσθαι, ἀλλὰ παρὰ
πολύ: νῦν δ᾽, ὡς ἔοικεν, εἰ τριάκοντα ΄ὕ , A ΄ 3 ΄ Ἂν , \ μόναι
μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀποπεφεύγη av. Μέλητον μὲν οὖν, ὡς ἐμοὶ
δοκῶ, καὶ νῦν ἀποπέφευγα, καὶ οὐ μόνον ἀποπέ3 ἦν Χ A ns Ψ 5 Gat
er » φευγα, ἀλλὰ παντὶ δῆλον τοῦτό ye, ὅτι, εἰ μὴ ἀνέβη ἴΑνυτος \ , ,
3 a x ἜΝ ΄ Ν καὶ Λύκων κατηγορήσοντες ἐμοῦ, κἂν ὦφλε χιλίας
δραχμὰς οὐ μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων. XXVI. τιμᾶται
δ᾽ οὖν μοι ὁ ἀνὴρ θανάτου. εἶεν - ἐγὼ δὲ δὴ id Ἐς τς > ΄ i ae ὃ 3 θ a
x» δῆ ἡ τίνος ὑμῖν ἀντιτιμήσομαι, ὦ ανὸρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι; ἢ δῆλον 9 A »
δ 7 BOB ,4e + 3 AL, Ne A 9 ὅτι τῆς ἀξίας ; τί οὖν; Ti ἀξιός εἰμι
παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι, ὅ τι \ 3 a , > ε , 5 > >» 9 , a μαθὼν ἐν τῷ βίῳ
οὐχ ἡσυχίαν ἦγον, ἀλλ᾽ ἀμελήσας ὧνπερ 5. οὕτω παρ᾽ ὀλίγον : so
close. οὕτω is separated from ὀλίγον by παρά, a case of apparent
hyperbaton. See on ἄλλως τε κτλ. 85d. The combination map ὀλίγον
is treated as inseparable, because the whole of it is required to
express the idea “ἃ little beyond,”’ i.e. close. The whole idea of by a
small majority is qualified by ovrw. The ὀλίγον was sixty-one votes.
— The subject of ἔσεσθαι, of course, is to be supplied from τὸν
γεγονότα ἀριθμόν. 6. εἰ τριάκοντα κτλ. : strictly speaking, thirty-one.
Socrates probably reckoned roughly, as he heard the numbers, and
said that thirty votes would have turned the scale. 8. ἀποπέφευγα:
the argument (which Socrates could not have pressed seriously) is
that Meletus alone could not have won 100 votes, since with two
helpers he failed to get 3800. His share of 281 votes would not ke
more than ninety-four ! 11. τὸ πέμπτον pépos: the accuser must
convince at least one fifth of the judges, or pay 1000 drachmae, —a
fine intended to discourage false and malicious accusations. The
article is used here, since the reference is to a well-known fraction;
and the accusative is used, since the whole fifth is needed. XXVI.
Meletus proposes a sentence of death for me. What shall I propose?
What do I deserve? I really deserve to be invited to dine in the
Prytaneum, as a guest of the city. 2. ὑμῖν : ethical dative. —q: cf. 26
b. 3. παθεῖν κτλ. : see Introduction 8 57.—6 τι μαθών: strictly
speaking, this is the indirect form of τί μαθών, which hardly differs
from rf παθών. GMT. 839; H. 968 c. Both idioms ask with surprise for
the reason of an act. They resemble two English ways of asking ‘‘
why 9.) ‘* what possessed (μαθών) you? ’’ ‘* what came over
(παθών) you?” 4. ἀμελήσας : more fully explained below by ἐνταῦθα
οὐκ qa. For Socrates’s
 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 99 36d ε WA) , A μὴ > 4
Ν A 5 οἱ πολλοί, χρηματισμοῦ TE Kal οἰκονομίας Kal στρατηγιῶν Ν A
Ν A Ν A A καὶ δημηγοριῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀρχῶν καὶ συνωμοσιῶν καὶ
, A lal στάσεων TOV ἐν TH πόλει γιγνομένων, ἡγησάμενος ἐμαυτὸν ~
» > a τῷ ὄντι ἐπιεικέστερον εἶναι ἢ WoT εἰς ταῦτ᾽ ἰόντα σῴζεσθαι, “A
\ τᾷ A lal ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὐκ ἦα, of ἐλθὼν μήθ᾽ ὑμῖν μήτ᾽ ἐμαυτῷ
ἔμελλον δὲ »” r τα | ae δὲ Ν ἰδί ν ΤᾺΣ 3 A μηδὲν ὄφελος εἶναι, ἐπὶ δὲ
τὸ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστον [ἰὼν] εὐεργετεῖν Ν ’ὔ tA ε lal Ss τὴν μεγίστην
εὐεργεσίαν, ws ἐγώ φημι, ἐνταῦθα Ha, ἐπιχειnw 9 wn nw ἴω ρῶν
ἕκαστον ὑμῶν πείθειν μὴ πρότερον μήτε τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ὃ Ν > λ A 0 Ν ε
As / ν «ε , μηδενὸς ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, πρὶν ἑαυτοῦ ἐπιμεληθείη ὅπως ὡς
βέλΝ A “ τιστος καὶ φρονιμώτατος ἔσοιτο, μήτε τῶν τῆς πόλεως πρὶν
“ A “ » 7 αὐτῆς τῆς πόλεως, τῶν τ᾽ ἄλλων οὕτω κατὰ TOV αὐτὸν
τρόπον 3 A z > 3 » A la » 3 ’ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι" τί οὖν εἰμι ἄξιος παθεῖν
τοιοῦτος ὦν ; ἀγαθόν > » ὃ > θ ΗΝ > 5 A \ \ 9 “7 a θ , τι, ὦ ἄνδρες
᾿Αθηναῖοι, εἰ Set ye κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν TH ἀληθείᾳ 10 15 A Ν AF tea Ν A
9 x / > , τιμᾶσθαι" Kal ταῦτά γ᾽ ἀγαθὸν τοιοῦτον, ὅ TL ἂν πρέποι
ἐμοί. neglect of his private interests, cf. 31 Ὁ; for his abstention from
public life, cf. 31 c.— ὧνπερ of πολλοί: sc. ἐπιμελοῦνται from
ἀμελήσας. ---- Socrates excuses himself for not taking part
withthedemocracy against the Thirty. 6. ἄλλων ἀρχῶν κτλ. : ἀρχῶν
κτλ. are in apposition with τῶν ἄλλων. --Socrates means to include
all performances which bring a citizen into public life; he talks of
responsible public offices as on a par with irresponsible participation
in public affairs. Of course στρατηγία is a public office, and among
the most important; but δημηγορία is not so, even in the case of the
ῥήτορες. 10. ἐπὶ δὲ τὸ ἰδίᾳ κτλ. : but to benefiting privately
individuals. This is strictly the completion of the thought introduced
by ἀλλ᾽ ἀμελήσας, which, though ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὐκ ja furnishes its
verb, still requires a positive expression to explain οὐχ ἡσυχίαν ἦγον.
ἐνταῦθα, as is often the case with οὗτος, is resumptive, and restates
ἐπὶ τὸ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστον κτλ. 11. ἐπιχειρῶν : explains εὐεργετεῖν. 12. μὴ
πρότερον κτλ. : οὗ. 80 a Ὁ. 18. μηδενός : neuter. —aplv ἐπιμεληθείη
: πρίν takes the optative on the principle of oratio obliqua, since the
tense of the leading verb (ja) is secondary. 15. τῶν τ᾽ ἄλλων : not a
third specification in line with pire... μήτε, but connected with the
whole μὴ mpéτερον. . . πόλεως. --- κατὰ Tov αὐτὸν τρόπον : repeats
ἐκ παραλλήλου the thought conveyed by οὕτω, which points back to
μὴ πρότερον. . . πρίν, i.e. so that what was essential might not be
neglected in favor of what is unessential. 16. τί οὖν κτλ. : areturn to
the question asked above, with omission of what does not suit the
new connection. ΕΜ δῦ recompense should be given ? *
 20 106 ΠΛΆΤΩΝΟΣ ANMOAOPIA SOKPALOYS 36d Pm , > ὃ
\ , 3 ΄ ὃ , » Χὴ τί οὖν πρέπει ἀνὸρὶ πένητι εὐεργέτῃ; δεομένῳ ἄγειν
σχολὴν > καὶ noe , , 9 ΕΝ ») a > ἐπὶ τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ παρακελεύσει ; οὐκ
ἔσθ᾽ ὅ τι μᾶλλον, ὦ ΕἿΣ > Af , ν e x An » 3 ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηνάϊοι, πρέπει
οὕτως, ὡς τὸν τοιοῦτον ἄνδρα ἐν ΄ a , - x Ἂν ΕἾΕΝ ν ea πρυτανείῳ
σιτεῖσθαι, πολύ γε μᾶλλον ἢ εἴ TLS ὑμῶν ἵππῳ ἢ γ eal , , 3 , ε Ν Ν
ἘΠῚ ἀν συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει νενίκηκεν Ὀλυμπίασιν. ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὑμᾶς A A
> Ν ποιεῖ εὐδαίμονας δοκεῖν εἶναι, ἐγὼ δ᾽ εἶναι: καὶ ὁ μὲν τρο~ > \ A
> Ν Ν A > S A Ν Ν φῆς οὐδὲν δεῖται, ἐγὼ δὲ δέομαι. εἰ οὖν δεῖ με
κατὰ τὸ ww , »ο»Ἅ » δίκαιον τῆς ἀξίας τιμᾶσθαι, τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν
πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως. XXVII. ἴσως οὖν ὑμῖν καὶ ταυτὶ λέγων
παραπλησίως A , ἊΨ. Ν A ¥ ἊΝ, a 3 ΄ δοκῶ λέγειν ὥσπερ περὶ τοῦ
οἴκτου καὶ τῆς ἀντιβολήσεως, 19. ἀνδρὶ πένητι εὐεργέτῃ : α poor
man who has well served the state. He is poor, and therefore needs
the σίτησις, and he deserves this, because he is a evepyérns. 20.
ἐπί: cf. 35 c.— μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως : with colloquial freedom
Socrates combines two idioms οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ Tt μᾶλλον πρέπει ἢ and ὅ
τι πρέπει ovτως ὡς. 22. ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτεῖσθαι : those entertained
by the state (1) were invited once, or (2) were maintained
permanently. Socrates is speaking of (2), i.e. maintenance in the
prytaneum. The nine archons dined in the θεσμοθέσιον, the
prytanes in the rotunda or θόλος, but the public guests had plain
fare in the prytaneum. Some of these guests attained the distinction
by winning victories in the national games; others received it on
account of their forefathers’ services to the state, e.g. the oldest
living descendants of Harmodius and of Aristogeiton were thus
honored. — ἵππῳ κτλ. : since a victory in the great pan-Hellenic
festivals was glorious for the country from which the victor came, he
received on his return the greatest honors, and even substantial
rewards. 24. εὐδαίμονας κτλ.: according to Thucydides (vi. 16),
Alcibiades claimed that his appearance at the Olympian games in the
time of the Peloponnesian War (420 B.c.) with seven four-horse
chariots to compete for prizes, — and winning the first, second, and
fourth prizes, — made a great impression on the other Greeks, and
convinced them that the power of Athens was not, as they thought,
nearly exhausted by the war. 25. οὐδὲν δεῖται : only rich men could
afford to compete in such contests, since horses in Greece were not
kept and used for menial labor, but were ‘‘the delight of proud
luxury.”’ XXVII. Some may think that I have spoken thus in α self-
willed spirit of bravado. Not at all. Being convinced that I have
wronged no one else, I am not disposed to wrong myself. As for
living in prison or in exile, —I might 37
 ὃ 10 15 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 101 870 > ’ 3 9S
A a ἀπαυθαδιζόμενος. τὸ δ᾽ οὐκ ἔστιν, ὦ ᾿Αθηναῖοι, τοιοῦτον, 3 ‘ A
ἀλλὰ τοιόνδε μᾶλλον: πέπεισμαι ἐγὼ ἑκὼν εἶναι μηδένα ἀδικεῖν
ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ ὑμᾶς τοῦτο οὐ πείθω. ὀλίγον γὰρ or > χρόνον
ἀλλήλοις διειλέγμεθα. ἐπεί, ὡς ἐγῷμαι, εἰ ἦν ὑμῖν ’ ν Ν μέ > Pa Ν , BS
la νόμος, ὠσπερ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις, περὶ θανάτου μὴ μίαν ε ’΄ ᾿ς
Ψ. ἀλλ Ν , 5 Ψ Ἂν la) > > ἡμέραν μόνον κρίνειν, ἀλλὰ πολλάς,
ἐπείσθητε ὧν: νῦν δ᾽ οὐ ’, 3 , ῥᾷδιον ἐν χρόνῳ ὀλίγῳ μεγάλας
διαβολὰς ἀπολύεσθαι. πε, δὴ 3 Ἂς δέ iO al ΧΧ na δέ 3 ΄ 3 iO
πεισμένος δὴ ἐγὼ μηδένα ἀδικεῖν πολλοῦ δέω ἐμαυτόν γ᾽ ἀδικήσειν
καὶ κατ᾽ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐρεῖν αὐτός, ὡς ἀξιός εἰμί του κακοῦ, καὶ
τιμήσεσθαι τοιούτου τινὸς ἐμαυτῷ. τί δείσας ; ἢ μὴ πάθω lal e A , A
μά > 3 4 »ν > t hate τοῦτο ov Μέλητός μοι τιμᾶται, ὅ φημι οὐκ
εἰδέναι OUT εἰ ἀγαν᾽ i eee , 2 > Ν ἧς ἣν Φ 2 Μ Ὁ θὸν οὔτ᾽ εἰ κακόν
ἐστιν ; ἀντὶ τούτου δὴ ἕλωμαι ὧν εὖ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι κακῶν ὄντων, τούτου
τιμησάμενος ; πότερον δεσμοῦ; καὶ τί με δεῖ ζῆν ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ,
δουλεύοντα τῇ ἀεὶ καθισταμένῃ ἀρχῇ, CoN 2 3 Ν , Ν ld 9 x > / τοῖς
Evdexa; ἀλλὰ χρημάτων, καὶ δεδέσθαι ἕως av ἐκτείσω; as well
submit to the sentence proposed by Meletus. 3. ἀπαυθαδιζόμενος :
explains rapaπλησίως κτλ. --- For the facts, cf. 34 ἃ, — τὸ δέ: ὁ δέ,
of δέ, τὸ δέ are used without a preceding μέν when they introduce
some person or topic in contrast to what has just been dwelt upon,
here περὶ τοῦ οἴκτου κτλ. For a different use of τὸ δέ, cf. τὸ δὲ
κινδυνεύει 23 a. 4. ἑκὼν εἶναι: with subject of ἀδιketv. — μηδένα :
object of ἀδικεῖν. Cf. 1. 10. 5. ὀλίγον: i.e. only a short time. 6. ὡς
ἐγῴμαι : belongs to the principal clause. 7. ὥσπερ καὶ ἄλλοις. for
instance the Lacedaemonians. 9. χρόνῳ ὀλίγῳ: cf. 19 a. 10.
πεπεισμένος : resumes 1]. 4.— ἀδικήσειν : for the future cf. GMT.
113, 13. φημί: cf. 28 e-30 Ὁ. 14. ἕλωμαι av... ὄντων : aremarkable
construction, arising from ἕλωμαί τι τούτων ἃ εὖ olda κακὰ ὄντα, by
the assimilation οὗ τούτων a to ὧν and of κακὰ ὄντα to κακῶν
ὄντων, and the insertion of ὅτι after ofda. εὖ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι and οἶδ᾽ ὅτι
occur frequently (in parenthesis) where ὅτι is superfluous. Cf. δῆλον
ὅτι Crito 58 a. — ἕλωμαι is subjunctive of deliberation. 15. τούτου
κτλ.: a part (ri) of ὧν, by proposing a penalty of that. 16.
δουλεύοντα : asa man in prison, who ceases to be his own master,
— ἀεί: the eleven were chosen annually. 17. τοῖς “EvSexa: cf. of
ἄρχοντες 399. -- ἀλλὰ χρημάτων: a negative answer to the
preceding rhetorical question is here implied; otherwise 7 might
equally well have been used. The second ἀλλά introduces an
objection, which answers the question
 20 90 102 ΠΛΑΤΏΝΟΣ ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ SOKPATOYS 970 5 Ν >
4, a 3 9 δὴ ¥ > Ν » ἀλλὰ ταὐτόν μοί ἐστιν ὁπερ νυνδὴ ἔλεγον: οὐ
γὰρ ἔστι μοι , Ε ’, 3 7 LANG δὴ “ ΄ » χρήματα ὁπόθεν ἐκτείσω. ἀλλὰ
δὴ φυγῆς τιμήσωμαι; ἴσως Ἂς » » , oe » ᾿ , yap ἄν μοι τούτου
τιμήσαιτε. πολλὴ pevTav με φιλοψυχία »Ἄ > 9 ἐλ ,ὔ it > 4 Ν ὃ ᾿ θ Χ ,
θ ἔχοι, εἰ οὕτως ἀλόγιστός εἰμι ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι λογίζεσθαι, ὅτι
ὑμεῖς μὲν ὄντες πολῖταί μου οὐχ οἷοί τ᾽ ἐγένεσθε ἐνεγκεῖν SoS \ Ἀ \ ,
9 ΝΡ , Ἢ τὰς ἐμὰς διατριβὰς καὶ τοὺς λόγους, ἀλλ᾽ ὑμῖν βαρύτεραι
γεγόνασι καὶ ἐπιφθονώτεραι, ὥστε ζητεῖτε αὐτῶν νυνὶ ἀπαλλαγῆA >
» > A » ε 7 “ A ον ναι" ἄλλοι δ᾽ apa αὐτὰς οἴσουσι ῥᾳδίως ; πολλοῦ.
γε δεῖ, ὦ 3 A \ 3. " ε , Viorss , na > Αθηναῖοι. καλὸς οὖν av μοι ὁ
Bios εἴη ἐξελθόντι τηλικῷδε ἀν» θρώπῳ ἄλλην ἐξ ἄλλης πόλεως
ἀμειβομένῳ καὶ ἐξελαυνομένῳ A > x GQ? ὦ 9 x »» x 2 PY. ὦ , ζῆν.
εὖ yap οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, ὅποι av ἔλθω, λέγοντος ἐμοῦ ἀκροάσονa a ται οἱ νέοι
ὥσπερ EvOade: κἂν μὲν τούτους ἀπελαύνω, οὗτοι 3 \ 5 Ν 3 A 4 \ ,
3N Ν Ν ἐμὲ αὐτοὶ ἐξελῶσι πείθοντες τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ
Ν A ἀπελαύνω, οἱ τούτων πατέρες TE καὶ οἰκεῖοι Ou αὐτοὺς τούτους.
immediately preceding it. — καὶ δεδέσθαι κτλ. : toremain in prison.—
Punishment by long imprisonment was rare at Athens, but
occasionally a man was kept in prison for failure to pay a fine (cf.
Ant. v. 63). 18. ταὐτόν: i.e. this proposition amounts to the other, —
perpetual imprisonment. 19. éxreiow: for the future with relative, to
denote purpose, see GMT. 5655-911: 21. et... ell: cf. 30 b, 25 b. 22.
ὅτι ὑμεῖς μέν : that (while) you, my fellow-citizens, proved unable to
bear my company. After this we look for something like this, ‘‘others
will prove still less able to bear it.’? But instead, we find a question
with dpa, will others then, etc., answered by πολNod γε δεῖ. The
dependence of the whole upon ὅτι is forgotten, because of the
intervening detailed statement. 23. βαρύτεραι: feminine because τὰς
ἐμὰς διατριβάς is the more important idea, τοὺς λόγους being
incidentally added by way of explanation. 26. 6 Blos: the article as
here used has something of its original demonstrative force;
accordingly ἐξελθόντι ... ζῆν is appended as if to a demonstrative
pronoun, that would be a fine life for me, — to be banished at my
time of life, and wander from city to city. —Manifestly ironical. —
Notice that ἐξέρχεσθαι means go into exile ; φεύγειν, live in exile;
and κατιέναι, come back from exile. —tyrck@Se ἀνθρώπῳ : the
common idiom would be τηλικῷδε ὄντι. But cf. τηλικοίδε ἄνδρες
Crito 49 a. 31. δι’ αὐτοὺς τούτους : the involuntary cause in contrast
to οὗτοι αὐτοί. Since Socrates attracts the young men, he will be
considered a corrupter of youth in other cities also, and will be
banisbed on their account.
 10 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 103 38 Ὁ XXVIII. tows
οὖν ἄν τις εἴποι" “ Σιγῶν δὲ Kal ἡσυχίαν ¥ > ζω A A ἄγων, ὦ
Σώκρατες, οὐχ olds T ἔσει ἡμῖν ἐξελθὼν Cyv;” τουτὶ δή ἐστι πάντων
χαλεπώτατον πεῖσαΐ τινας ὑμῶν. ἐάν τε γὰρ , 9 an an A a a λέγω ὅτι
τῷ θεῷ ἀπειθεῖν τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι καὶ διὰ τοῦτ᾽ ἀδύνατον ΕΝ ἡσυχίαν ἄγειν,
οὐ πείσεσθέ μοι ὡς εἰρωνευομένῳ- ἐάν τ᾽ αὖ /, ν Ἂ a λέγω ὅτι καὶ
τυγχάνει μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν ὃν ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦτο, ε ’ὔ ε 4 Ν > ~ Ν “ A
ἑκάστης ἡμέρας περὶ ἀρετῆς τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι Kal τῶν LAX ν᾿ ε
A 5 ephiage 4 ’ ὃ ’ Ἀν 3 Ν ἄλλων περὶ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐμοῦ ἀκούετε
διαλεγομένου καὶ ἐμαυτὸν Ν ¥ καὶ ἄλλους ἐξετάζοντος, ὁ δ᾽
ἀνεξέταστος βίος οὐ βιωτὸς 3 θ , a ὃ πα 4 ΄, , , \ ἀνθρώπῳ, ---ταῦτα
δ᾽ ἔτι ἧττον πείσεσθέ μοι λέγοντι. τὰ 8 » ει ὲ ν ε 3 ’ αι. ἂν ὃ (θ δ᾽ 9»
ε (ὃ ἔχει μὲν οὕτως ὡς ἐγώ φημι, ὦ ἄνδρες, πείθειν δ᾽ οὐ ῥᾷδιον. Ἂν
ὦ AS οτος 3 »ν 3 Ν 3 Le) A > 4 > καὶ ἐγὼ ἅμ᾽ οὐκ εἴθισμαι ἐμαυτὸν
ἀξιοῦν κακοῦ οὐδενός. εἰ \ N > , 3 , a μὲν yap ἦν μοι χρήματα,
ἐτιμησάμην av χρημάτων ὅσα XXVIII. I cannot change the order of
my life. I am ready, however, to pay as large a fine as my means
allow ; this would not injureme. And I might pay a mina of silver. But
Plato and others urge me to propose a fine of 30 minae, and they —
responsible men — will be my sureties for the payment. 2. ἡμῖν:
ethical dative. — ἐξελθὼν tiv: to live on in exile. This forms a unit to
which σιγῶν and ἡσυχίαν ἄγων are added by way of indicating the
manner of life he will lead. The meaning of ἡσυχίαν ἄγων is plain
from 86 b. It is the opposite of πολυπραγμονῶν. If Socrates would
so live, he would be unmolested at Thebes or at Corinth. - τουτὶ δή:
that is the thing of which, viz. that I cannot be silent. 3.
χαλεπώτατον : two reasons follow in the form of a dilemma, — édv
re (3) and ἐάν τε (5).—metoat: explanatory infinitive. — τινάς :
Socrates probably means most of the Athenians. 6. καὶ τυγχάνει
μέγιστον ἀγαθόν: to speak of virtue and seek truth is not duty only;
it is the highest good and gives the greatest pleasure. 9.
ἀνεξέταστος: in which case a man examines neither himself nor
others, that is, his life is unthinking. Verbal adjectives in -ros,
especially with a- privative, occur with both an active and a passive
sense. Here the active meaning substantially includes the passive in
so far as it involves selfexamination (καὶ ἐμαυτὸν καὶ ἄλλους
ἐξετάζοντοΞ). 10. ταῦτα δέ: this is the apodosis to ἐάν τ᾽ ad λέγω,
with a shift of construction. —ra δέ: cf. τὸ δέ 87 ἃ. 12. 2. εἰ μὲν γὰρ
ἦν κτλ.: γάρ is related to the thought which lies unuttered in the
previous explanation, — «ς not from love of money do I refuse to
make a proposition.’? The apodosis includes ὅσα ἔμελλον κτλ. Cf. ὃς
ἔμελλεν 20a, 38 b
 15 20 104 HAATOQNOX ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ SQKPATOYS 38 & , A
ἔμελλον ἐκτείσειν: οὐδὲν yap av EBhaBnv: νῦν δὲ ---- οὐ yap ἔστιν,
εἰ μὴ ἄρα ὅσον ἂν ἐγὼ δυναίμην ἐκτεῖσαι τοσούτον »“»Ἅ “ἡ A A
βούλεσθέ μοι τιμῆσαι. ἴσως δ᾽ ἂν δυναίμην ἐκτεῖσαι ὑμῖν μνᾶν
ἀργυρίου: τοσοῦτου οὖν τιμῶμαι. Πλάτων δ᾽ ὅδε, ὦ ἄνδρες
᾿Αθηναῖοι, καὶ Κρίτων καὶ ΚριτόΝ me J , , , 7. A 4 Bovdos καὶ
᾿Απολλόδωρος κελεύουσί με τριάκοντα μνῶν τιμήσασθαι, αὐτοὶ δ᾽
ἐγγυᾶσθαι. τιμῶμαι οὖν τοσούτου, ἐγγυηταὶ A a ἴεν δ᾽ ὑμῖν ἔσονται
τοῦ ἀργυρίου οὗτοι, ἀξιόχρεῳ. XXIX. Οὐ πολλοῦ γ᾽ ἕνεκα χρόνου, ὦ
ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, » ν͵ Ν δι Cas a , Ν᾿ , ὄνομα ἕξετε καὶ αἰτίαν ὑπὸ
τῶν βουλομένων THY πόλιν λοιδοA ε (a4 ΄,ὔ 2 ve ¥ ὃ 4 δ, ,, Ν, ρεῖν,
ὡς ““ΣΣωκράτη ἀπεκτόνατε, avdpa σοφόν "᾿ φήσουσι γὰρ 14. νῦν
δὲ, οὐ γάρ: but as it is (I cannot propose a fine), for money I have
none. The connection is similar to ἀλλὰ γάρ (19 ἃ, 20 c), where the
unexpressed thought alluded to by ydp is easily supplied. Doubtless
this was indicated here by a shrug of the shoulders or some other
gesture. 17. μνᾶν ἀργυρίου: about seventeen dollars. This is
certainly small compared with the fines of fifty talents (350,000)
imposed in other cases, e.g. upon Miltiades, Pericles, Timotheus, and
Deinosthenes. 20. αὐτοὶ δ᾽ ἐγγυᾶσθαι : sc. φασίν, to be supplied
from κελεύουσι (cf. δεῖν 28 e). Their surety would relieve Socrates
from imprisonment. Here ends Socrates’s ἀντιτίμησις, which was
followed by the final vote of the court determining the penalty. The
majority was much larger than before, — 360 to 141. With this the
case ends. Socrates has only to be led away to prison. In the
address that follows, Socrates is entirely out of order. He takes
advantage of a slight delay to say his last words both to those who
had voted for his condemnation and to those who had voted for his
acquittal. XXIX. You Athenians have not gained much by putting me
to death. You have gained only a brief respite by doing a great
wrong. I should soon have died inthe natural course of events. I
might have been acquitted, if I had been ready to fawn upon you,
and to say what you like to hear. But I am satisfied with the
decision. 2. ὄνομα κτλ.: cf. τὸ ὄνομα Kal τὴν διαβολήν 20 ἃ.- - ὑπό:
as if with ὀνομασθήσεσθε and αἰτιασθήσεσθες. See on πεπόνθατε 17
a, φύγοιμι 19 6. Some periphrasis like ὄνομα ἕξετε κτλ. Was often
preferred by the Greeks to their somewhat cumbrous future passive.
— λοιδορεῖν: Athens was not popular in Greece, and many were
ready to criticise her.
 10 15 20 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 105 38 6 δὲ Ν 5
> ‘\ Ν > ’ « ’ ε A 5 δί ἡ σοφὸν εἶναι, εἰ καὶ μὴ εἰμί, οἱ βουλόμενοι ὑμῖν
ὀνειδίζειν. εἰ οὖν περιεμείνατε ὀλίγον χρόνον, ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου ἂν
CoA A ΑΘ ἡ Ε᾿ τῶὮΝν Ν i‘ Ν ε ’ ν , ¥ ὑμῖν τοῦτο ἐγένετο: ὁρᾶτε yap
δὴ THY ἡλικίαν ὅτι πόρρω ἤδη 3 Ν A , θ , δ᾽ > , , δὲ a > Ν ΄,΄ ἐστὶ
τοῦ βίου, θανάτου δ᾽ ἐγγύς. λέγω δὲ τοῦτο οὐ πρὸς πάνε A > Ν >’
ἧς > “A id / τας ὑμᾶς, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἐμοῦ καταψηφισαμένους
θάνατον. ἃ λέγω δὲ καὶ τόδε πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοὺς τούτους. ἴσως με ¥ θ
- ὃ 3 ΄ , ε , , “9 ovale, ὦ avdpes, ἀπορίᾳ λόγων ἑαλωκέναι τοιούτων,
οἷς ἄν ὑμᾶς ἔπεισα, εἰ ᾧμην δεῖν ἅπαντα ποιεῖν καὶ λέγειν aor
ἀποφυγεῖν τὴν di λλοῦ γε δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽ ἀπορίᾳ μὲ υγεῖν τὴν δίκην.
πολλοῦ γε δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽ ἀπορίᾳ μὲν ε Ρ] if: ig 3 Ν ’ Ν > ’ὔ Ν ἑάλωκα, οὐ
μέντοι λόγων, ἀλλὰ τόλμης καὶ ἀναισχυντίας καὶ A 52 7 ,ὕ Ν ε A A a
ἃ ε κα no > τοῦ ἐθέλειν λέγειν πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοιαῦτα, of av ὑμῖν ἤδιστα
ἦν ἀκούειν, θρηνοῦντός τέ μου καὶ ὀδυρομένου καὶ ἄλλα ποιοῦνΝ ΄
Ν 5 on » > a ε 3 ’ὔ “ τος καὶ λέγοντος πολλὰ καὶ ἀνάξια ἐμοῦ, ὡς
ἐγώ φημι : οἷα δὴ Ay, θ ε a A »” 3 , 3 3 Ὁ 7. -3' 9 0 n καὶ εἴθισθε
ὑμεῖς τῶν ἄλλων ἀκούειν. ἀλλ᾽ οὔτε τότ᾽ φήθην ὃ A ν A ὃ , A ὑδὲ >
50 be A ely ἕνεκα τοῦ κινδύνου πρᾶξαι οὐδὲν ἀνελεύθερον, οὔτε νῦν
, 9 > 4 > Ν ἊΝ, “Ὁ μοι μεταμέλει οὕτως ἀπολογησαμένῳ, ἀλλὰ πολὺ
μᾶλλον ε lal δ᾽ > , 0 ’ὔ Ἃ » 4 A » αἱροῦμαι ὧδ᾽ ἀπολογησάμενος
τεθνάναι ἢ ἐκείνως ζῆν οὔτε μὴ ὃν Ou oe Jenne | vd a Pe ee
»ν393ϑὃϑ ΡΝ HOE δεῖ yap ἐν δίκῃ ovT ἐν πολέμῳ OVT ἐμὲ OUT
ἄλλον οὐδένα δεῖ 5. εἰ οὖν : resumes ]. 1. 522 ἃ, where (evidently
with rererence 6. ὅτι πόρρω xrd.: explains ἡλικίαν. - πόρρω tov βίου:
far on in life. The genitive is local, not ablatival. 7. θανάτου δ᾽ ἐγγύς
: and near unto death. The contrast introduced by δέ is often so
slight that but overtranslates it ; it here marks the contrast with
βίου, with which μέν might have been used. 13. τόλμης : in its worst
sense, like the Latin audacia. Cf. ἐάν τις τολμᾷ 39 a, below, and Crito
53 e. 15. θρηνοῦντος κτλ.: a development of the idea in τοιαῦτα, of’
ἂν κτλ. Here is a transition from the accusative of the thing heard
(θρήνους καὶ ὀδυρμούς) to the genitive of the person heard. —The
thought refers to 34 ¢. —Cf. also Gorg. to the point here made)
Plato puts the following words into Socrates’s mouth: εἰ δὲ κολακικῆς
ῥητορικῆς (rhetorical flattery) ἐνδείᾳ τελευτῴην ἔγωγε, εὖ οἶδα ὅτι
ῥᾳδίως ἴδοις ἄν με φέροντα τὸν θάνατον. 17. τότε: i.e. at the time of
his defense. z 20. ὧδ᾽ ἀπολογησάμενος: in this way, etc., 1.6. after
such a defense. οὕτως above means as I have, and that idea is
vividly repeated by de. Thus its contrast with ἐκείνως (sc.
ἀπολογησάμενος) is made all the more striking. -- τεθνάναι: because
of the contrast with ζῆν. Cf. τεθνάναι 80 ο. 21. οὔτε, οὔτε κτλ.: a
double set of disjunctives in a single sentence.
 25 30 35 106 LIAATONOS, AILOAOLIA SQOKPATOYS 39a -“
“ ν 5 4 A A , TOUTO μηχανᾶσθαι, OTWS ἀποφεύξεται πᾶν ποιῶν
θάνατον. 39 ἣν s > A id ’ὔ A ΄,ὕ Ψ , καὶ yap ἐν ταῖς μάχαις πολλάκις
δῆλον γίγνεται ὅτι τό 2-3 A » 3 Ψ' Ν ν 3 x Ν 5 3 ¢€ ’ὔ γ᾽ ἀποθανεῖν
av τις ἐκφύγοι καὶ ὅπλα ἀφεὶς καὶ ἐφ᾽ ἱκετείαν , A ΄, Ny, XN (sae)
τραπόμενος τῶν διωκόντων - καὶ ἄλλαι μηχαναὶ πολλαί εἰσιν ἐν
ἑκάστοις τοῖς κινδύνοις ὥστε διαφεύγειν θάνατον, ἐάν τις δι an A A t
he Ἰλλὰ ἮΝ, 3 Pena ΠΝ ἣΝ ΄ τολμᾷ πᾶν ποιεῖν καὶ λέγειν. ἀλλὰ μὴ
οὐ τοῦτ᾽ ἢ χαλεπόν, 3 » ὃ θ , 5 φ ζω ἰλλὰ Nv Xe 4 ὦ ἄνδρες,
θάνατον ἐκφυγεῖν. ἀλλὰ πολὺ χαλεπώτερον Tov ᾽ “ Ν , A x “ 9 \ \ χὰ
‘\ ρίαν: θᾶττον yap θανάτου θεῖ. καὶ νῦν ἐγὼ μὲν ἅτε βραδὺς x Ν ’ὔ ε
Ν wn , c ¢ e > 3 Ν ὧν καὶ πρεσβύτης ὑπὸ τοῦ βραδυτέρου ἑάλων, οἱ
δ᾽ ἐμοὶ κατήγοροι are δεινοὶ καὶ ὀξεῖς ὄντες ὑπὸ τοῦ θάττονος, τῆς -
N A 2 \ \ »” ε “8 A , ΄ κακίας. καὶ νῦν ἐγὼ μὲν ἄπειμι ὑφ᾽ ὑμῶν
θανάτου δίκην ὀφλών, οὗτοι δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ὠφληκότες
μοχθηρίαν καὶ ἀδικίαν. καὶ ἐγώ τε τῷ τιμήματι ἐμμένω καὶ οὗτοι.
ταῦτα μέν » 9 \ ~ Nae \ TOU ἴσως οὕτω Kal ἔδει σχεῖν, καὶ οἶμαι
αὐτὰ μετρίως ἔχειν. XXX. 700 δὴ μετὰ τοῦτο 22. μηχανᾶσθαι: cf. 28
b. 27. ph... ἦ: Substituted rhetorically for a statement of fact. Cf. μὴ
σκέμματα ἢ Crilo 48c. For the idea of fearing implied, see GMT. 265;
H. 867. 28. ἀλλὰ πολὺ KTA.: fully expressed we should have ἀλλὰ μὴ
πολὺ χαλεπώτερον ἢ πονηρίαν ἐκφυγεῖν. 29. θᾶττον θανάτου θεῖ:
flies faster than death, to preserve the alliteration, which here, as
often, is picturesque. — For the thought, cf. Henry V iv. 1, ‘¢ Now, if
these men have defeated the law and outrun native punishment,
though they can outstrip men, they have no wings to fly from God.’?
— kal viv: introduces a particular instance of the general remark. 32.
θανάτου δίκην ὀφλών: with ὀφλισκάνειν, Whether used technically
(as a law term) or colloquially, the ἐπιθυμῶ ὑμῖν χρησμῳδῆσαι, crime
or the penalty is named either (1) in the accusative or (2) in the
genitive with or without δίκην. 33. ἀληθείας : contrasted with ὑμῶν.
34. καὶ ἐγὼ κτλ.: 1.6. they will escape their punishment just as little
as I escape mine. The καί before ἔδει makes a climax: ‘* it may well
be that all this had to come just so, and I have no fault to find with
it.” 35. σχεῖν: cf. ἔσχετε 19 a. XXX. You Athenians who have voted
for my condemnation th’nk that you will be treed henceforth from
my reproaches. But cthers will arise to reproach you. The only
honorable and effectual way to escape reproach, is by leading an
upright life. 1. τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο: adverbial, like τὸ πρῶτον, τὸ νῦν, κτλ.
--- χρησμῳδῆσαι: The Greek oracles were ordinarily in verse. Cf.
χρησμῳδός 22 c.
 σι 10 PLATO’S APOLOGY OF SOCRATES 39d 107 4 . A ὦ
καταψηφισάμενοί pov. καὶ γάρ εἶμι ἤδη ἐνταῦθα, ἐν OE μάλιστ᾽
ἄνθρωποι χρησμῳδοῦσιν, ὅταν μέλλωσιν ἀποθαA θ Ν ’, Ὁ. ὃ iat ΜΕ.
ὭΡΑΣ: , , νεισθαι. φημὶ γάρ, ὦ ανόρες, OL EME ATEKTOVATE,
τιμωριαν δ... ν 3, Ν Ἂς \ t Tara ’, Ν ΄ὔ ὑμῖν ἥξειν εὐθὺς μετὰ τὸν
ἐμὸν θάνατον πολὺ χαλεπωτέραν Ν Ad x ν : ΝΜ νει; , Ε la) Ν A > , 0
VY) La ἢ οιαν εμε QATTEKTOVATE VUV yap TOUTO εεργασασ ε
οἰόμενοι ἀπαλλάξεσθαι τοῦ διδόναι ἔλεγχον τοῦ βίου, τὸ δ᾽ εἰ Ὁ Ν 3
΄, 5 » ε 3 ΄, , ὑμῖν πολὺ ἐναντίον ἀποβήσεται, ws ἐγώ φημι. πλείους
»» ε lal ἃ “ Lal A ἔσονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἐλέγχοντες, OVS νῦν ἐγὼ κατεῖχον,
ὑμεῖς δ᾽ > > ΄ \ ΄ » σ ΄ , OUK ἠσθάνεσθε τ KQL χαλεπώτεροι
εσονται οσῷ νεώτεροι 3 Ἂν ε A “A > la > Ν » > εἰσι, καὶ ὑμεῖς
μᾶλλον ἀγανακτήσετε. εἰ yap οἴεσθε ἀπο 3. ἄνθρωποι χρησμῳδοῦσιν
κτλ.: Socrates has in mind such instances as Homer II 852f., where
Patroclus as he dies prophesies truly to Hector, οὔ θην οὐδ᾽ αὐτὸς
δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη | ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραra,
and Χ 3858ff., where Hector’s last words foretell the killing of
Achiljes by Paris and Phoebus Apollo. Cf. Verg. Aen. x. 739, — Ile
autem expirans: Non me, quicumque es, inulto, Victor,nec longum
laetabere; te quoque fata Prospectant paria, atque eadem mox arva
tenebis. Cf. also Xen. Cyr. viii. 7. 21, ἡ δὲ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ψυχὴ
rére(atthe hour of death) δήπου θειοτάτη καταφαίνεται καὶ τότε τι
τῶν μελλόντων προορᾷ τότε γάρ, ὡς ἔοικε, μάλιστα ἐλευθεροῦται.
The same idea is found in many literatures. The dying patriarch
Jacob ‘‘ called unto his sons, and said, ‘Gather yourselves together
that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days.’’’
Genesis xlix. 1. Cf. Brunhild in the song of Siegfried (Edda), — I
prithee, Gunther, sit thee here by me, For death is near and bids me
prophesy. See also John of Gaunt’s dying speech Richard IT ii. 1, —
Methinks I am a prophet new inspired, And thus expiring do foretell
of him: His rash fierce blaze of riot cannot last, For violent fires soon
burn out themseives, 4. ἀπεκτόνατε: sc. by their verdict, and by the
penalty which they voted. 6. οἵαν ἐμὲ ἀπεκτόνατε : equivalent to
‘*than the death which you have voted for me,’’ ‘‘the sentence which
you have imposed.’’ This is after the analogy of τιμωρίαν τιμωρεῖσθαί