Geography

Unit 1 – Introduction to Geography

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Name: Class:

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 Contents
Key terms
1.1 - Thinking Geographically

1.1.1 - Reading maps and using maps pg. 1

1.1.2 - Types of maps pg. 2-3

1.1.3 - Latitude & Longitude pg. 4-5

1.2 - Introduction to Continents & Oceans

1.2.1 - The Seven Continents pg. 6-8

1.2.2 - The Five Oceans pg. 8-9

Practice questions pg. 10-

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Preface
Welcome to BBSZ Geography Grade 7. Geography is an amazing subject
full of the wonders of the Earth. Throughout this course you will find a
range of units attempting to explain just a drop in the ocean of Earth’s
incredible natural landscapes, processes, regions, people, and much,
much more! This Unit 1 Booklet has all the necessary knowledge to
gradually introduce you the main concepts of Geography as a whole. In
each Unit Booklet provided you will find diagrams, vocab terms, real world
examples and further reading. You will also fill up this booklet of necessary
information we will learn in class e.g. notes, activities and practice MCQs
and FRQs. I hope at the end of this course your mind will be filled with
wonderful Geography knowledge as I have grown to love and cherish.

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 Unit 1 - Key terms
Map 地图 Globe 地球仪
Title 地图标题 Key / Legend 图例
Compass rose 指向标 Scale 比例尺
Latitude 维度 Longitude 经度
Equator 赤道 Prime Meridian 本初子午线
North Pole 北极 South Pole 南极
Northern hemisphere 北半球 Southern hemisphere 南半球
Coordinates 地理坐标 Topographic map 地形图
Political map 政区图 Thematic map 专题图
Road map 交通图 Climate map 气候图

Africa 非洲 Antarctica 南极洲

Asia 亚洲 Europe 欧洲
North America 北美洲 Oceania 大洋洲
South America 南美洲 Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 Indian Ocean 印度洋
Pacific Ocean 太平洋 Southern Ocean 南冰洋

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1.1. – Thinking Geographically
1.1.1. – Reading and using maps
There are four major elements to a map, each symbol allows the reader to

easily understand what the map is displaying.

Map symbols

These symbols allow the reader to determine orientation

(________________), measure distances (_________________), recognize a

theme (________________) and correctly understand major sites on the map

(___________________).

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 1.1.2. - Maps in Geography: Comparing patterns

Maps are used for several reasons, other than pinpointing locations. They

help us understand and across different

. Incre
Amazon forest Human
area Grasslan activity
d
Fore
What comparisons can west
make using these two maps?

Physical Map

features, terrain and elevation of a place. These maps

generally show things like , , and .

Political Map

Political divisions, or -created , of the world,

and major geographic regions. , .

Thematic Maps

Portrays the geographic pattern of a in a .

This usually involves the use of map that are not naturally

visible, such as: , , or . Used mainly for

studies.

Road Map

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 Road maps are the most commonly used maps. Designed for

, showing the roads of a , , or other areas. These

often include political and labels. They are the main type of

map used in nowadays installed into a itself.

Climate Map

A commonly used Thematic map; Climate maps show average

data of climatic mostly: and

Climate map of Thematic map of Road map of India

India India

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Which one of these maps best represent India’s borders?

1.1.3. - Latitude & Longitude

Latitude is shown as lines stretching from to

Represents the north and south of the

Help determine:

Longitude is shown as lines stretching from to

east and west of the .

Representation:

Longitude and Latitude together help specific

on Earth.

These are especially important for ocean . Without these

, many captains could be easily and

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hard to find.

Practice: Using the map above (pg.4) write the coordinates for each

point:

Point A: 30°N, 75°E

Point B:
7°N, 15°E
60°N, 15°E
Point C: 15°S, 30°E
20°N, 15°W
Point D: 20°N, 15°E
Point E:

Point F:

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Practice: Put your coordinating skills to the test and find the following
countries on the map using the coordinates below! Plot a solid red circle
on the map above.
This first one has been done for you (20°N, 80°E – India)

40°N, 100°W (U.S.A) 60°N, 100°E (Russia)

80°N, 70°W (Greenland [Denmark]) 20°S, 140°E (Australia)
10°S, 50°W (Brazil) 50°N, 0° (U.K)

30°N, 110°E ( )

1.2. – Introduction to Continents and Oceans

1.2.1. – The Seven continents

Earth, like many of the inner planets of the solar system, are made up of

. What makes Earth unique however, is the presence of .

The first map makers and geographers clearly outlined borders between

land and water. Subsequently naming these areas &

Continent definition:

How are continents separated?

1.
2.
3.

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The 7 continents (in size order):

1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4.

Word bank
Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, Antarctica

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 Native animals
Continent Continent description Major countries
species

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Using the information you collected in the table above, answer the
following questions:

1. Which continent is the largest?

2. List at least 3 types fruit and / or vegetables non-native (not from) to

Asia.

3. Why doesn’t the continent of Antarctica have any countries within?

4. Why do you believe the most major countries in each continent are so
famous?

1.2.2 – The Five Oceans

of the Earth’s surface is covered in . These large bodies

of water are called , different to , which are surrounded

by e.g. Black Sea. Oceans have held the greatest number of

for the longest time in geologic history. The first signs of

are supposed to have first existed deep within oceans. All oceans are

made up of and freshwater thus the name . Although

oceans extend throughout the world, they can be

into 5 different oceans by and

(collection of islands).

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 The 5 Oceans (in size order):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Word bank
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean

GALLERY WALK: Use the information posted around the classroom

about oceans.
Location
Ocean Ocean facts (Bordering
continents)

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Review
I) Using the map below correctly fill in all continent and ocean names (pg. 11).

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4

A
5

2 D

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1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

II) Relative location; to understand where locations are in relation to

surrounding areas, it is useful to use the compass as a tool. Using
the map on pg. 12, complete the questions below, the first one has
been done for you.
1. France is NORTH of the United kingdom

2. Canada is of the United States of America

3. Libya is of Algeria

4. Brazil is of India

5. China is of Australia

6. Finland is of Russia

7. Ukraine is of Iran

8. Argentina is of Mexico

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III) Lines of latitude and longitude

Complete the questions on longitude and latitude coordinates below, use

the maps on pg.12 and pg.14 to help you.

Section A
Which CONTINENTS do these lines of latitude pass through?

1. 0o (Equator) , ,

2. 20oS , ,

3. 40oN , ,

4. 40oS ,

5. 60oN , ,

6. 80oS

7. 20oN , ,

Section B
Which CONTINENTS do these lines of longitude pass through?
1. 0o , ,

2. 60oE , ,

3. 120oE , ,

4. 60oW , ,

5. 100oE ,

6. 120oW ,

7. Which continent do ALL the lines of longitude pass through?

Section C

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 Which CONTINENT am I in?

1 40oN, 120oW

2 60oN, 100oE

3 20oS, 140oE

4 0o, 60oW

5 80oS, 80oE

Hawai
’i

Section D
Let’s suppose at 20°N, 170°W, a torpedo (鱼雷) was fired from an unknown
submarine, it headed straight towards Hawai’i, however, your team
managed to deflect the torpedo off-course. It is now heading East from
0°N, 160°W (Blue dot on the map), if it continued this trajectory..

1. Which continent’s coast will the torpedo hit?

2. What longitude and latitude coordinates will the torpedo hit (red mark
of the map)?

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IV) Measuring distances

Using your knowledge from 1.1.1, the scale is a useful tool to determine
distances on a map, but also to determine the fastest/shortest route. Using
Figure 1. Answer the following questions below:

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V) Types of maps

i) Write down the correct name for each map

ii) Fill in the missing icons for each map provided

Different types of maps supply you was important information. They are
perfect visual representations of messy data! Thematic maps often are
compared for geopolitical decisions and research studies. Comparing maps
have given great development in social factors e.g. virus tracking,
unemployment (left map), crime rates, flooding etc.

Please explain how thematic maps can be used to track and stop
viruses.
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