WORLD HISTORY
NAZISM
by
Avadh P Ojha Sir
2 B I G L E A R N I N G S M A D E E ASY
| World History · Nazism Avadh P Ojha Sir
An initiative of Group
NAZISM
1. Preface
2. Reasons
3. Policies
Internal Policies of Adolf Hitler
External Policies of Adolf Hitler
PREFACE
If people in a nation will be in trouble on all the fronts i.e. Economy, Polity, Society' etc. it will be very easy to provoke the people.
REASONS
•• Economic Crisis: After World War 1, Germany became the victim of unaffordable compensation and in this situation when
Germany failed to pay its instalments France and Belgium to the recovery from Germany, occupied Ruhr (1923). This led to
General strike by the workers of Coal and Iron mines in Germany which ended the supply of raw material and fuel to German
industries leading to closing of German industries creating stagflation in Germany 1923 i.e. unemployment,and devaluation
of currency.
In such circumstances, US gave all types of support to Germany. Example: Dawes Plan provided financial support and
Young Plan led to the reduction of compensation from 6600 Million Pounds to 22Q0 Million Pounds. German economy
started showing signs of recovery. But before Germany would take a stand Economic Depression 1929 once again brought
Germany in darkness. In this economic crisis the 2nd trouble was Political Crisis.
•• Y
Political Crisis: The biggest trouble in polity was infant Weimar Republic was facing pressure from all the sides but there was
S
no relief or help from outside forces in the beginning. In this scenario Germany faced two Coups:
Dr. Kapp in 1920 tried to overthrow Weimar Republic. E A
D E
While Ludendorff and his disciple Hitler tried to repeat the story in 1923 but were caught and imprisoned for 5 years.
In this Political and Economic Crisis A up
M ro
G German and Jews.
S
•• Social Crisis: Unemployment, absence of Law and Order. The biggest trouble was tension between
G of Jews. In 1919, Palestine became mandate of Britain and
As German accused Jews for defeat of Germany in World War4-World Zionist Organization (1897), in 1917 Arthur Belfour
I Nhome
(Foreign Minister, Britain) accepted Palestine as a natural
Nthis ground Germans accused that as Britain favoured demand of Jewish
this led to the inflow of Jews towards Palestine. On
R
•• Rise of Adolf Hitler: In 1919, AdolfE
A
homeland so they betrayed Germany in World War 1.
L Hitler joined National Socialist Party in short Nazi Party and from the very beginning he
opted aggressive stand for Germany and Germans. Ine1923 ofwith his mentor Ludendorfi he tried to capture the power but was
imprisoned and in 1926I Gwhen Gennany startediarecovering
tiv his party lost support from the people.
B 1929 proved to beinthei beginning of good times for Hitler's political career as in the elections of 1931,
The economic depression
t
An
his party was successful in getting good number of seats, just 34 short of full majority. The elections of 1931 created political
instability in Gennany as none of the parties got complete majority. Therefore Economic and Political Crisis and this became
the fear of Capitalist class that communist can take the advantage of the situation and repeat the story of 1917 in Russia. Hitler
immediately changed the stand against Conimunist and he was able to get the support of Capitalist Class in Germany. The
Reichstag Drama (burning down of German Parliament) increased the fear of Capitalist and they completely stood in support of
Adolf Hitler. His position strengthened and as he got support of National party in 1933, Hindenburg the President of Germany
accepted him as the Chancellor. As Hindenburg died in 1934, he forcefully occupied post of President and became the President
cum Chancellor of Gennany.
Notes:
Avadh P Ojha Sir World History · Nazism | 3
B I G L E A R N I N G S M A D E E ASY
POLICIES
An initiative of Group
Internal Policies:
•• Political: Complete Unification of Germany: In 1934, Hitler abolished all provincial legislatures which was the end of
provincial,identity and this completed German Unification.
Purge (Purification): As he came into power in 1934, he ended all political parties against him and the people in his party
who were against him were also eliminated. So after 1934 Nazi was the only party in Germany and Adolf Hitler the only leader
of German people.
Ended Civil and Human Rights: On the grounds that a new born or infant nation requires a strict guardianship.
•• Economic: One of the important objectives of Hitler was to save foreign reserve and for this synthetic was used as a
substitute for wool, rubber and motor fuel. This brought down imports of Germany and was helpful in protecting the foreign
reserves of Germany.
He started 4 year plans with the motive to give promotion to infrastructure development and industrialization. Emphasis was on
war industry giving promotion to production of arms and ammunition.
Elimination of Jew Community was under the economic policy of Adolf Hitler as 70 percent of business in Germany was in the
hands of Jews. With the elimination of this community their wealth, possessions and business moved into the hands of Germans.
•• Social: Education became the victim of Nazi propaganda. Interference of state in personal life of people. Example: German
women were not allowed to marry non-Germans.
Emphasis on superiority of German Race.
•• External Policies:
Left Disarmament Conference in 1933 on the grounds that disarmament was the main objective of Paris Peace Conference
in 1919. Also if European powers would have started from 1919 itself.
S Y
He left League of Nations, 1934 as he accused this organization being puppet of European Powers
France.
E A like Britain and
Neglected Treaty of Versailles as he said that it was the revenge against Germans D E
and it was an imposed Treaty on
Germans because German delegates were not invited in Paris peace Conference A of 1919. up
M
Third Reich: Hitler came out with this policy with the objective to establish Greater Germany.
G roUnder it, his plan was
to occupy all the areas dominated by Germans like Austria, S
agenda was to raise German sentiment. But the main G
Poland, and Czechoslovakia. The General reason for this
N
Europe. He possibly wanted to control the supply Iof oil from West Asia to West Europe with the motive to control economy
reason behind it was to create a wall between West Asia and
of West Europe which was an alarmingR
N
bell for Britain and France. Rhineland became the first victim of Hitler. But as it
was a German territory Britain andA
condition and Austria wasL
E France had no objection
incorporated in Germany.o
to it. Dollfuss, ruler of Austria was murdered in mysterious
f then turned towards Sudetenland which awakened Britain and
He
France and both G the powers tried to convinceiv e for peace in Munich Conference of 1938. By Munich Pact of 1938,
B I t Hitler
tiaif he was allowed to hold Sudetenland. It was accepted by Britain and France
he promised to leave policy of aggression
i
in
but then he violated his promise and completely digested Czechoslovakia. In 1939, he kept the hand on Poland which
An
ended the patience of Britain and it declared war on Germany which was the beginning of 2nd World war.
Notes:
