Digital Authentication System
1. ABSTRACT
Digital Authentication System is an important mechanism used to verify the
identity of users before granting access to digital services. In today’s
interconnected world, every organization depends on online platforms,
making authentication essential to secure sensitive information.
Why I chose this topic:
The main reason for selecting this project is the rising importance of
cybersecurity. Every day we hear news about hacking, phishing, and identity
theft. Authentication is the first and most crucial step in preventing
unauthorized access.
Relevance in the current scenario:
Today, services such as online banking, government portals, healthcare, e-
commerce, and education all require strong security. With the rise of digital
payments (UPI, net banking) and cloud storage, authentication systems have
become the backbone of trust and safety.
Expected benefits of this topic:
Helps in protecting confidential data of users.
Builds trust between organizations and customers.
Reduces fraud and unauthorized access.
Demonstrates the application of computer science in solving real-world
problems.
What I am doing in the project:
In this project, I studied different authentication techniques such as
passwords, OTPs, and biometrics. I surveyed 25 organizations to understand
their practices. Based on the study, I designed a simple password + OTP-
based authentication model using Python. I also prepared flowcharts,
diagrams, and graphs to present results.
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Background of the Problem
Cybersecurity threats are increasing rapidly. Weak authentication
mechanisms are one of the main reasons behind unauthorized access. For
example, if a banking application does not have OTP verification, any hacker
who guesses the password can access sensitive accounts. Therefore, an
effective digital authentication system is necessary.
2.2 Relevance to Computer Science
This project is directly connected with Computer Science and IT because it
involves:
Algorithms for OTP generation.
Programming in Python for implementation.
Cybersecurity principles.
Database and IT applications for user data storage.
2.3 Profile of the Organizations Visited
During field work, I visited schools, banks, shops, and institutions to study
how they use authentication. Below is a sample table (tu ise 25–50 entries
tak expand karega).
Sr. NoName of Organization Owner Name Date of Visit Geotag
Photo
1 Narayana Vidyalaya Mr. Sharma 01-09-2025 [Photo]
2 Gurukul School Mr. Patil 02-09-2025 [Photo]
3 City Bank Branch Mr. Khan 03-09-2025 [Photo]
4 Global Institute Mrs. Deshmukh 04-09-2025 [Photo]
5 Tech Hub Pvt Ltd Mr. Joshi 05-09-2025 [Photo]
2.4 SWOC Analysis
Strengths: Improves security, easy to implement, widely applicable.
Weaknesses: Passwords can be weak; OTP requires mobile/email service.
Opportunities: Can be enhanced with biometrics, blockchain, and AI.
Challenges: Preventing phishing attacks and handling advanced cybercrime.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1. To study different authentication techniques.
2. To analyze how organizations implement login security.
3. To design a secure password + OTP-based authentication model.
4. To implement a simple program and demonstrate its working.
5. To provide recommendations for better digital security.
4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 Tools and Technologies Used
Excel (Invented by Microsoft, 1985): Used for storing and analyzing survey
data. Advantage: easy to use, Disadvantage: limited scalability.
Tableau (Invented in 2003 by Chris Stolte, Pat Hanrahan): Used for visualizing
data. Advantage: excellent visualization, Disadvantage: costly.
Power BI (Introduced in 2011 by Microsoft): Used for business intelligence
dashboards. Advantage: interactive reports, Disadvantage: free version is
limited.
UBA (User Behavior Analytics): Used for detecting unusual login behavior.
Advantage: improves security, Disadvantage: requires complex setup.
In my project, I mainly used Python programming language to design a
simple OTP-based system.
4.2 Data Collection Method
Survey Method: Prepared questions and collected responses from 25
organizations.
Observation Method: Observed login and authentication systems in schools
and banks.
Interview Method: Talked with owners about digital security practices.
In my project, I used Survey + Observation because they provide practical
data.
Advantages: Real-time, easy to collect.
Disadvantages: Time-consuming, sometimes incomplete information.
5. FIELD WORK / OBSERVATIONS
5.1 List of Sites Visited
25 organizations including schools, banks, IT firms, and shops. (Table from
Section 2.3 to be repeated here.)
5.2 Data Collected
Sample questions asked during visits:
1. Do you use a digital authentication system?
2. Which type of authentication do you use (Password/OTP/Biometric)?
3. How often do you change passwords?
4. Do you use two-factor authentication (2FA)?
5. Have you faced cyber-attacks?
6. Do you use encryption for storing passwords?
7. How satisfied are you with your current system?
(Expand to 25–30 questions for full report.)
6. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Survey showed that 70% organizations still use only password-based
authentication.
20% use OTP verification.
10% use biometric systems.
Sample Python Code:
import random
username = "admin"
password = "12345"
user = input("Enter Username: ")
pwd = input("Enter Password: ")
if user == username and pwd == password:
otp = random.randint(1000,9999)
print("Your OTP is:", otp)
user_otp = int(input("Enter OTP: "))
if user_otp == otp:
print("Access Granted ✅")
else:
print("Invalid OTP ❌")
else:
print("Invalid Login ❌")
Sample Outputs:
Case 1: Correct password + correct OTP → Access Granted ✅
Case 2: Correct password + wrong OTP → Invalid OTP ❌
Case 3: Wrong password → Invalid Login ❌
Graphical Representation:
Pie chart of authentication methods (Password/OTP/Biometric).
Bar chart comparing number of organizations using each method.
7. FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
Most organizations rely only on passwords, which are vulnerable.
OTP improves security but requires mobile/email integration.
Awareness of digital security is low in smaller institutions.
Multi-factor authentication is the best way forward.
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion:
Digital Authentication System is essential for every organization. This project
successfully demonstrated how a simple password + OTP model increases
security.
Recommendations:
1. Use two-factor authentication in all organizations.
2. Train users to create strong passwords.
3. Conduct awareness sessions on cyber safety.
4. Future systems should use biometrics and AI-based authentication.
9. REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security.
2. TutorialsPoint – Authentication in Computer Networks.
3. GeeksforGeeks – Python OTP Programs.
4. Microsoft Docs – Power BI and Excel.
5. ResearchGate – Multi-factor Authentication.
6. NPTEL Cyber Security Course Materials.
