COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
PTB (Pulmonary Tuberculosis): low-grade
afternoon fever
Pneumonia: rusty sputum
Cholera: rice watery stool
Malaria: stepladder-like fever with chills
Typhoid: rose spots in abdomen
Diphtheria: pseudo membrane formation
Measles: Koplik’s spots
Leprosy: lioning face
Dengue: petechiae, (+) Herman’s sign
Meningitis: Kernig’s & Brudzinski’s sign
Tetanus: risus sardonicus
Chickenpox: vesicular rash (“dew drop on rose
petal,” central to distal)
LTB (Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis): inspiratory
stridor
Epiglottitis: 3 D’s – Drooling, Dysphonia,
Dysphagia
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: painless progressive
lymph node enlargement, Reed-Sternberg cells
Infectious Mononucleosis: sore throat, cervical
lymphadenopathy, fever
Lyme’s Disease: bull’s eye rash
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Appendicitis: rebound tenderness
Pancreatitis: Cullen’s sign, Grey Turner’s spots
Pyloric Stenosis: olive-like mass
Intussusception: sausage-shaped mass, Dance
sign (empty RLQ)
GERD: Barrett’s esophagus
Ulcerative Colitis: recurrent bloody diarrhea
Liver Cirrhosis: spider-like varices
Hepatic Encephalopathy: flapping tremors
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Asthma: wheezing on expiration
Emphysema: barrel chest
Fibro-hyaline Disease (Hyaline Membrane):
expiratory grunt
Cystic Fibrosis: salty skin
CARDIO DISORDERS
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): machine-like murmur
Angina: crushing pain relieved by NTG
Myocardial Infarction (MI): crushing pain radiating to left
shoulder/neck/arm, unrelieved by NTG
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Homan’s sign
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
Meningitis: Kernig’s & Brudzinski’s sign
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Charcot’s triad (IAN –
Intention tremor, Ataxia, Nystagmus)
Myasthenia Gravis (MG): descending muscle
weakness
Guillain-Barré Syndrome: ascending muscle
weakness
Parkinson’s Disease: pill-rolling tremors
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy: Gowers’ sign
Hydrocephalus: bossing sign (prominent
forehead)
Increased ICP: Cushing’s triad (Hypertension,
Bradycardia, Bradypnea)
Shock: Hypotension, Tachycardia, Tachypnea
Meniere’s Disease: vertigo, tinnitus
Basilar Skull Fracture: otorrhea (ear discharge)
ENDOCRINE / METABOLIC DISORDERS
Addison’s Disease: bronze-like skin pigmentation
Cushing’s Syndrome: moon face, buffalo hump
Hyperthyroidism (Graves’): exophthalmos
Diabetes Mellitus (DM): polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Kussmaul’s breathing
Acromegaly: coarse facial features
HEMATOLOGIC / IMMUNE DISORDERS
Kawasaki Syndrome: strawberry tongue
Pernicious Anemia: red beefy tongue
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): butterfly
rash
GU (URINARY) DISORDERS
Bladder Cancer: painless hematuria
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): reduced
size & force of urine
Cystitis: burning urination
EYE DISORDERS
Retinal Detachment: floaters, flashes, curtain
vision
Glaucoma: painful vision loss, tunnel/halo vision
(peripheral loss)
Cataract: painless vision loss, lens opacity, blurred
vision
Retinoblastoma: cat’s eye reflex (grayish pupil)
Pemphigus Vulgaris: Nikolsky’s sign (skin separation on
rubbing)
Down Syndrome: protruding tongue
Bulimia: chipmunk face
Tetany (Hypocalcemia): Trousseau’s sign, Chvostek’s sign
