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p ■1 ^^. : > >^E 1 H8595d Howell, J.S. Discernenda r use
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I r-^M y / I lyT^^^.l.^t— SCERNENDA LaTINA PHRASES
AND IDIOMS IN LATIN ■Sia;-'' \i -^: ,i .■■..'■4%' '^ J, R. HOWELL
m LONDON BLACKIE & SON, Limited, 50 OLD BAILEY, E.C GLASGOW
AND DUBLIN Price Sixpence
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V48595cl DISCERNENDA PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN
COMPILED BY J. S. HOWELL ASSISTANT MASTER IN DEVON
COUNTY SCHOOL J LONDON BLACKTE & SON, Limited, 50 OLD
BAILEY, EC. GLASGOW AND DUBLIN 1901
PUBLISHED BY BLACKIE & SON, Limited A Junior Latin
Syntax. By J. A. Stevens, B.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, M. Elementary Eatin
Grammar. F'cap 8vo, cloth, i^. Also in two Parts, each, paper, 5^. ;
cloth, 6d. Latin Grammar Papers. For Middle Forms. Selected from
Oxford and Cambridge Local and London Matriculation Examinations.
By A. C. LiDDELL, M.A. F'cap 8vo, cloth, is. Praxis Primaria. Exercises
in Writing Latin. By Rev. Dr. Burns, Ninth Edition. Crown Bvo, cloth, -
zs. Key, -^s. 6d. DiSCernenda. Phrases and Idioms in Latin.
Compiled by J. S. Howell. Paper, 6d. Latin Stories. Edited, with
Notes, Exercises, &c., by A. D. GoDLEV, M.A. F'cap Bvo, cloth, xs.
First Steps in Continuous Latin Prose. By W, C. Flamstead Walters,
M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. Hints and Helps in Continuous Latin Prose.
By W. C. F. Walters, ^LA. Crown 8vo, cloth, is. Key, /or Teachers
only, 2s. 6d. Hints and Helps in Continuous Greek Prose. By W. C.
Flamstead Walters, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2.9. 6d. A Classical
Compendium. Being a Handbook of Greek and Latin Constructions,
&c. By Charles E. Brownrigg, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2S. 6d. Latin
Prose of the Silver Age— Selections. Edited by C. E. Brownrigg, M.A.
With an Introduction by T. H. Warren, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 4s. 6d.
UNSEENS Graduated specimens of prose and 7ierse selected mainly
frovt Examination Papers Latin Unseens. Junior Section, 3^. ;
Intermediate Section, \d. \ Senior Section, ()d. Greek Unseens.
Junior Section, \d. ; Intermediate Section, 4^. ; Senior Section, 8
CONTENTS Page I. Nouns Used in the Plural in different
Sense from that of the Singular -.-... 5 II. Words somewhat alike in
form but different in meaning 6 III. Miscellaneous 19 IV. Different
Constructions following the same word - 22 V. Pairs of verbs having
the same meaning but governing different cases - - - - - 23
Prepositional Phrases ...---- 25 Miscellaneous Idioms ....--- 30 Some
Compound Latin Expressions for English Nouns - 37 Metaphors and
Proverbs - - - - - - -38
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DISOERNENDA PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN I— Nouns
which are used in the Plural in a different seme from that of the
Singular Singular Plural CORRIGENDA (in ?e6, column 1, line 23, j
for aeris read aeris. V, (t 1, II 8, II arm amen turn It armentum. V, 't
1, M 25, M attract M attinet. IS. 9, 10, 1 1 9 2, II M 29, 16, M It fini
-avi ;: finxi. -ari. It. 11, II 2, II 27, M -ere II -are. 13, 1 1 1, M 30, II
morare It morere. 24, It 11, II recipere II accipere. i. 30, M 18, II a
fuit M afuit. 31, II 15, H expedibus It ex pedibus. d , 32, M 31, H
ceteris qui " ceteri eorum qui. 36, f 1 15, II superiorem II superior. •
37, n 9, II iuveniri ,1 inveiiire.
DISOERNENDA PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN I — Nouns
which are used in the Plural in a different sense from that of the
Singular Singular aedes, a temple. aes, copper. auxilium, help.
bonum, good. career, a prison. castrum, a fort. copia, abundance.
facultas, abundance. fascis, faggot. fides, a harpstring. fortuna, luck.
hortus, a garden. impedimentum, a hindrance. littera, letter (of the
alpha1)et). ludus, sport. lustrum, a sacrifice of purification. iiatalis,
birthday. ( M 792 ) Plural aedes, a house. aera, copper utensils.
auxilia, auxiliary troops, bona, goods. earceres, starting-place (in a
race). castra, a camp. copiae, troops. facultates, property, means.
fasces, lictor's fasces, fides, a stringed instrument. fortunae,
possessions. horti, pleasure-grounds. impedimenta, baggage.
litterae, epistle, literature. ludi, public games. lustra, haunts of wild
beasts. natales, pedigree, lineage. A2
() DISCERNENDA Singular Plural opera, work. operae,
work-people. opem (ace), aid. opes, resources. pars, share. partes,
character on the stage. rostrum, a beak. rostra, the platform at
Rome. sal, salt. sales, wit. tabula, a plank. tabulae, account-books.
torus, a bed. tori, muscles. II — Words someivhat alike inform but
different in meaning A acer, acris, acre, keen. acer, aceris, maple-
tree. addo -ere -didi -ditum, to add. adeo -ire -ii -itum, to approach.
adolesco -ere -evi -ultum, to grow. adoleo -ere -ui -ultum, to burn.
adorior -iri -ortus, to attack. adoro -are -avi -atum, to worship. aes,
aeris, copper. aer, aeris, air. . aestas -atis, summer, aestus -us, heat.
aetas -atis, age. aeger, aegra, aegrum, sick. ager, agri, field. agger -
eris, mound. altus -a -um, high. alter -era -erum, the other. afflieto -
are -avi -atum, to harass. affligo -ere -flixi -flictum, to damage.
ancile -is, shield. aneilla -ae, maid-servant. appellare, to speak to.
appellere, to drive. apis -is, bee. apium -i, parsley. aquila -ae, eagle.
aquilo -onis, north wind.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN ara -ae, altar. aro -are -avi
-atum, to plough. area -ae, box. arcus -us, bow. arx, arcis, citadel.
arceo -ere -ui, to keep off. armamentum -i, cattle. armamenta -
orum, tackle. armus -i, shoulder (of an animal). arma, arms. ars,
artis, art. art'is -uum, limbs. artus -a -um, narrow. assentior -iri -
sensus, to assent to. assentor-ari-atus,to flatter. attendo -ere -tendi -
tentum, to attend to. attento -are -avi -atum, to try. attineo, -ere -
tinui -tentum, to hold fast. attract, it concerns. audeo -ere, ausus
sum, to dare. audio -ire -ivi -itum, to hear. aura -ae, breeze, auris -
is, ear. aurum -i, gold. auster -tri, south wind, austerus -a -urn,
stern. avis -is, a bird. avus -i, grandfather. avius -a -um, pathless. B
bellum -i, war. bellus -a -um, handsome. cado -ere, cec!di, casum, to
fall. cadus -i, cask. caedo -ere, cecidi, caesum, to cut, kill. cede -ere,
cessi, cessum, to yield. caducus -a -um, falling. caduceus, the staff
of Mercury calidus -a -um, warm, callidus -a -um, cunning. cano -
ere, cecM, cantum, to sing. cano, dat. Sind abl of canus, hoary.
caneo -ere -ui, to be white. canis -is, dog. caro, carnis, flesh. carus -
a -um, dear.
8 DISCERNENDA casses, cassium, net. cassis -idis, helmet,
cassus -a -um, empty. cerno -ere, crevi, eretum, to discern. cresco -
ere, crevi, eretum, to increase. claudo -ere, clausi, clausum, to shut.
claudus -a -um, lame clava -ae, a club. clavis -is, a key. clavus -i, a
nail. collis -is, a hill, collum -i, neck. coma -ae, hair. comes -itis,
companion. comis -is, kind, courteous. comis, 2nd pers, sing, p^es.
of c5mo, I comb. comitatus -us, retinue. comitia -orum, assembly.
^omitas -alis, kindness. condio -ire -ii -itum, to season. condo -ere -
d\di -ditum, to hide. consilium, counsel, concilium, an assembly for
consultation. contentus-a-um, contented, contentus -a um, partic. of
contendo, strained. cornu -us, a horn. cornus -i, cornel tree. cupidus
-a -um, eager. cupido -dinis, desire. decet, it is seemly. dedecet, it is
unseemly. decor -oris, m, beauty. decoro -are -avi -atum, to adore.
decorus -a -um, graceful, decus, -oris, n. glory, grace. deHgo -are -
avi -atum, to bind down. dcligo -ere -legi -lectum, to choose. delego
-are -avi -atum, to assign. diligo -ere -lexi -lectum, to love. delecto -
are -avi -atum, to delight. desertus -a -um, deserted, disertus -a -
um, accomplished. d\co -are -avi -atum, to dedicate. dico -ere, dixi,
dictum, to say.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN difFido -fisus sum, to
distrust. dif&ndo -ere -fidi -fissum, to split. divus -i, a god. divum -i,
the open air. dolor -oris, pain. dolus -i, fraud. E edo -ere, edi, esum,
to eat. edo -ere, edidi, editum, to publish. es, from sum, I am. es,
from edo, I eat. ediico -are -avi -atum, to educate. edtco -ere -duxi -
ductum, to lead out. efFero, efFerre, extuli, elatum, to bring out.
efFero -are -avi -atum, to make wild. erga, prep, governing ace,
towards. ergo, adv. therefore. exorior -iri -ortus, to rise. exordior -iri
-orsus, to begin. expers -pertis, free from. expertus -a -um, proved.
facies -ei, countenance. facio -ere, feci, factum, to make. fax, facis,
torch. fima -ae, fame, fames -is, hunger. fatum -i, fate. fatus -a -um,
partic. of fari, to speak. fenum -i, hay. fenus -oris, interest. fero,
ferre, tuli. latum, to bear. ferio -ire, percussi, percussum, to strike.
ferre, infin. pres. ad. or pres. imper. passive, or 2nd pers. pres. indie,
passive» fera -ae, wild beast. fere, adv. nearly. feriae -arum,
holidays. fides -ei, faith. fides -ium, lyre. fido -ere, fisus sum, to
trust. fidus -a -um, trusty. figo -ere, fixi, fixum, to fix. fingo -ere, fini,
fictum, to fashion.
10 DISCERNENDA fido -ere, fisus sum, to trust. findo -ere,
fidi, fissum, to cleave. fidi, 1st pers, per/, indie, of findo. fidi, gen.
sing, or mm, jplur. of fidus -a -unio flamen -inis, m. priest. flamen -
inis, n. blast. fleo -ere, flevi, fletum, to weep. flo -are, flavi, flatum,
to blow. foedus -eris, treaty. foedus -a -um, foul. fores = esses, from
sum. foris -is, door. forte, by chance. fortasse, perhaps. fortis -e,
brave. fretum -i, strait. fretus -a -um, relying on. frico -are -ui -atum
and -ctum, to rob. frigeo -ere, to be cold. frigo -ere, frixi, frictum, to
roast. frons, frondis, leaf. frons, frontis, forehead. frux, frugis, fruits.
frugi, indecl. adj. worthy. funda -ae, sling. fundus -i, a farm, the bot
torn. fugc -are -avi -atum, to put to flight. fugio -ere, fugi, fugitum,
to flee. fulcio -ire, fulsi, fultum, to prop. fulgeo -ere, fulsi, to shine.
fundo -are -avi -atum, to establish. fundo -ere, fudi, fiisum, to pour.
furo -ere -ui, to rave, furor -avi -atus sum, to steal. furor -oris,
madness. G gena -ae, cheek. genu -us, knee. gens, gentis, nation.
genus -eris, kind, race, gener -eri, son-in-law. gero -ere, gessi,
gestum, to carry on. gestio -ire -ii -itum, to desire. gesto, -are -avi -
atum, to carry. gutta -ae, drop. guttur -uris, throat.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN 11 H haereo -ere, haesi,
haesum, to stick. haurio -ire, hausi, haustum, to drain. hera -ae,
mistress of a house. heres -edis, heir, heiress. heri, adv. yesterday.
heros -ois, hero. herois -idis, heroine. herus -i, master of a house.
hostia -ae, victim. hostis -is, enemy. humor -oris, moisture. humus -i,
soil. I and J illicio -ere -lexi -lectum, to entice. ilKco, adv. on the
spot. ineido -ere -cidi -casum, to fall upon. incido -ere -cidi -cisum,
to cut into. imperito -are -avi -atum, to rule. imperitus -a -um,
unskilled. ingenidsus -a -um, clever. ingenuus -a -um, candid. invitus
-a -um, unwilling. invito -are -avi -atum, to invite. jaceo -ere -ui -
itum, to lie. jacio -ere, jeci, j actum, to throw. jus, juris, law. jus,
juris, broth. justitia -ae, justice. justitium -i, a closing of the law
courts. labes -is, ruin. labo -are -avi -atum, to totter. labor -oris,
labour. labor, labi, lapsus sum, to glide. laboro -are -avi -atum, to
toil. labrum -i, lip. labrum -i, tub. lacerta -ae, lizard. lacertus -i, arm.
later -eris, brick. latus -eris, side. latus -a -um, wide, ovparfic. of
fero. lego -ere, legi, lectum, to select, read. lego -ere -avi -atum, to
depute. lex, legis, law. ligo -are -avi -atum, to bind.
12 DISCERNENDA lepor -5ris, amiability. ' lepus -oris, hare.
laevus -a -um, on the left. levis -e, light. levis -e, smooth. liber, libri,
book. liber -era -erum, free. Liber -eri, Bacchus. liberi -orum,
'children. libra -ae, pound. libertus, a freedman in reference to the
manumitter. Kbertinus, a freedman in reference to his status in
society. liceo -ere -ui -itum, to be on sale. ITceor -eri, ITcitus, to bid
at auction. Keet, licuit, it is lawful. lima -ae, file. limes -itis, path.
limen -inis, threshold. limus -i, mud. limus -a -um, sidelong. l\queo-
ere,licui, to be iluid. Kquo -are -avi -atum, to melt {trans,). liquor,
liqui, to melt {intmns.). liquor -oris, fluid. lira -ae, a ridge. lyra -ae, a
lute. litus -a -um, ^;^?/. partic, of lino, to smear. litus -oris, shore.
Hs, litis, strife. lociilus, box. loculi, money-coffer. lux, lueis, light.
lucus, -i, grove. lustrum -i, a sacrifice of purification, five years,
lustrum -i, den. luceo -ere, luxi, to shine. lugeo -ere, luxi, luctum, to
mourn. M mala -ae, jaw. male, adv. badly, malum -i, apple, malus -a
-um, bad. malus -i, apple-tree, mast. malo, malle, malui, to prefer.
mando -are -avi -atum, to commit. mando -ere -di -sum, to chew.
maneo -ere, mansi, mansum, to remain. mano -are -avi -atum, to
flow. mane, in the morning. manes -ium, the shades. manus -us,
hand.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IX LATIN 13 mare, maris, the sea.
mas, maris, male. mensa -ae, table, mensis -is, month. mensus -a -
um, 7;«??/. partic. of metior, to measure. mentior -iri, mentitus sum,
to lie. metior -iri, mensus sum, to measure. meto -ere, messui,
messum, to reap. metuo-ere-ui -utum, to fear. mmor, minus, compar.
degree of parvus, small. minor -ari -atus sum, to threaten. modo,
only {adv.). modus -i, manner. mola -ae, mill. moles -is, mass.
morior, mori, mortuus sum, to die. moror -ari -atus sum, to delay.
morus -i, mulberry-tree. mos, moris, manner. morere, pres. indie, or
imp. of morior. morare, pres. suhj. of moror. multa -ae, fine, multus -
a -um, many. ( -M 792 ) mulceo -ere, mulsi, mulsum, to sootlie.
mulgeo -ere, mulsi, to milk. mlrus -i, a wall. mis, muris, a mouse. N
nanciscor -i, nactus sum, to obtain. nascor -i, natus sum, to be born.
navis -is, ship. navus -a -um, diligent. nebiila -ae, mist. nebulo -onis,
worthless fellow. nidor -oris, steam. nidus -i, nest. nitor -oris,
brightness. nitor -i, nisus and nixus, to strive. nota -ae, mark. notus
-a -um, known. notus -i, south wind. novus -a -um, new. novem,
nine. novi, 7:^6?/. indie, of nosco. nibilis -e, marriageable. nlbilus -a
-um, cloudy. nunquam, never. nusquam, nowhere. A3
14 DISCERNENDA oblino -ere -livi -litum, to besmear.
obliviscor -i, oblitus sum, to forget. obsidio -onis, a siege. obsideo, to
besiege. occido -ere -cidi -casum, to fall. occido -ere -cidi -cisum, to
kill. olor -oris, swan, olus -eris, vegetables. opera -ae, work; pi.
workpeople. opus -eris, work. opus, inded, noun, need, (ops), opis,
power; j?Z. wealth. operio -ire -ui -ertum, to cover. opperior-iri-
pertus, to wait. oppido, adv. very much. oppido, dat. and abl. sing.
of oppidum -i, town. ora -ae, coast. ora, 71. V. ace. plur. of os, oris,
mouth. ora, pres. imjjer. of oro, I pray. OS, ossis, a bone. OS, oris,
mouth. orior -iri, ortus sum, to rise. ordior -iri, orsus sum, to begin.
ovis -is, sheep. ovis, dat. and abl. plur. of ovum, egg. paciscor -i,
pactus sum, to bargain. pasco -ere, pavi, pastun^, to feed (trans.).
paveo -ere, pavi, to fear. patior -i, passus sum, to suffer. palus -udis,
marsh. palus -i, stake. paro -are -avi -atum, to prepare. pareo -ere -
ui -itum, to obey. pario -ere, peperi, partum, to bring forth. paries,
parietis, partition. par, paris, equal, parum, too little (adv.). pars,
partis, part. passus -us, step. passus -a -um, j9//. partic. of patior
and pando. pater, patris, father. patera -ae, goblet.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN 15 pecus, peciidis, cattle
{^'ui/jle). pecus -oris, flock. pedes -itis, foot-solclier. pedes, feet,
jjlur. of pes, pedis, pedltatus -us, infantry. pando -ere, pandi,
passum, to unfold. pendo -ere, pependi, pensum, to hang (trans,).
pendeo -ere, pependi, pensum, to hang (intraris.), picus -i,
woodpecker. pix, picis, pitch. pila -ae, ball. pila -ae, pillar. pila, n. V.
ace. plur. of pilum -i, javelin. pileus and pileum -i, hat. placeo -ere -ui
-itum, to please. placo -are -avi -atum, to appease. plaga -ae, snare.
plaga -ae, a blow. populus -i, a people, pdpiilus -i, poplar. porta -ae,
gate. portus -us, harbour. praes, praedis, surety. praeda -ae, booty.
praesto -are -stiti -stitum, to excel. praesto, ready (adv.). prodeo -ire
-ii -itum, to go forth. pr5do -ere -didi -ditum, to betray. praesum,
praeesse, praefui, to be over. prosum, prodesse, profui, to profit.
proeeres -um, chiefs. procerus -a -um, tall. profecto, adv. actually.
profectus, pe?-/. partic. of proficiscor. profectus, perf. partic. of
proficio, or iioun, meaning growth. pubes -is, young men. pubes,
grown up (adj.). pugna -ae, battle, pugnus -i, fist. puUus -i, chicken.
pullus • -a -um, darkcoloured. a quaere -ere -sivi -situm, to seek.
queror -i, questus sum, to complain.
16 DISCERNENDA quoque, also. quoque, all. sing, of
quisque. quot, how many. quotus, what in number. ratis -is, raft. ^
ratus -a -um, perf, partic. of reor, to think. redux, reducis, brought
back. reduco -ere -xi -ctum, to lead back. refero, referre, retuli or
rettuli, -latum, to bring back. refertis, 2nd pers. plur. pres. indie, of
refero. refertus -a -um, perf. partic. of refercio, to cram. refert, it
concerns. regio -onis, region, regius -a -um, roj^al. regis, 2nd pers.
pres. indie, of rego, I rule. regis, gen. sing, of rex, king. res, rei,
thing. reus, defendant. rudis -e, rough. riidis -is, gladiator's foil.
rudens -entis, rigging, rudens -entis, j^res. partic. of rudo, to roar. S
sal, salis, salt; plur. wit. salum -i, sea. salus -utis, safety. saltem, at
least (adv.). salto -are, to dance, saltus -us, leap. satis, enough.
satus -a -um, peif. pKirtic. of sero, to sow. satus -us, a sowing. scio,
scire, scivi, scitum, to know, scisco -ere, scivi, scitum, to decree.
scitum -i, decree. scitus -a -um, knowing. seciiris -is, axe. securus -a
-um, safe, free from care. sedeo -ere, sedi, sessum, to sit. sedo -are,
to appease. sedes -is, a seat. sido -ere, sidi, to settle, sidus -eris,
star. senex, senis, old man. seni -ae, six each.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATINIT sero -ere, sevi, satum,
to sow. sero -ere, serui, sertum, to interweave. sero, late (adv,),
servio -ire -ii -itum, to serve. servo -are -avi -atum, to save.
sestertius, a silver coin. sestertium, a sum, not a coin, = 1000
sestertii. sine, without (prep.). sine, j?7-^5. imper. of sino, to permit.
sitis -is, thirst. situs -a -um, situated. situs -us, situation. sol, solis,
sun. solus -a -um, alone. solum -i, ground. siido -are, sweat. sudum
-i, dry weather, siidus -a -um, dry. suo -ere, sui, sutum, to sew. suo,
daf. and abl. sing, of suus -a -um, his, hers, sis, suis, pig. talis -e,
such. talus -i, heel. tego -ere, texi, tectum, to cover. texo -ere -ui,
textum, to weave. tela -ae, woven material, tela, n. voc. and ace.
plur. of telum -i, a dart. tendo -ere, tetendi, tentum and tensum, to
stretch. teneo -ere -ui, tentum, to hold. tento -are -avi -atum, to try.
tergeo -ere, tersi, tersum, to wipe. turgeo -ere, tursi, to swell. testa -
ae, a shell. testis -is, a witness. tribus -us, tribe. tribus, daf. and abl.
of tres, three. U uber -eris, udder. uber -eris, fruitful. uti, pres. inf. of
utor, to use. uti, that, = ut. uter, utra, utrum, which of two. uter,
utris, leathern bottle.
18 DISCERNENDA vado -ere, to go. vadum -i, ford. vas,
vadis, surety. vas, vasis, vessel. vallis -is, valley. vallus -i, stake.
vallum -i, rampart. velle, lores, infin. of volo, I wish. vello -ere, vulsi,
vulsum, to pluck. vellus -eris, fleece. veneo -ire -ui -itum, to be on
sale. venio -ire, veni, ventum, to come. venor -ari -atus sum, to
hunt. ver, veris, spring. veru -us, spit. verus -a -um, true. verum,
l)ut. verro -ere, verri, versum, to sweep. verto -ere, verti, versum, to
turn. verso -are -avi -atum, to turn, versus, ]orep. towards. versus -
us, a line, verse. vicis, defective nmn^ change. vicus -i, village.
vietus -a -um, perf. 2'>ctrtic. of vivo and of vinco. vietus -us, food.
video -ere, vidi, visum, to see. viso -ere, visi, visum, to visit. villa -
ae, villa, country house. villus -i, tuft of hair. vincio -ire, vinxi,
vinctum, to bind. vinco -ere, vici, victum, to conquer. vivo -ere, vixi,
victum, to live. vir, viri, a man. vires, nom. plur, of vis, strength, virus
-i, poison. vireo -ere, to flourish.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN 19 III — Miscellaneous
acies, line of battle. agmen, line of march. ambo, both together. uter,
which of two. uterque, each of two. alii, others. ceteri, the rest.
facies, the countenance, vultus, expression of the countenance. ripa,
the bank of a river. litus, the coast of the sea. quietus, calm,
meaning not acted upon. tranquillus, calm, meaning not disposed to
act. armus, the shoulder of an animal. humerus, the shoulder of a
man. nonnihil, something. nihil non, everything. non nemo, some,
nemo non, every one. non omnino, not altogether. omnino non,
altogether not. non modo, not only. modo non, all but.
nonnunquam, sometimes. nunquam non, always. fas, divine law. jus,
human law. murus, wall (general term). moenia, ramparts. seu,
whether, ceu, as, as if. ne, an interrogative particle. ne, a final
subordinating conjunction, expressing a negative purpose. ut non,
expresses a negative consequence. sanguis, circulating blood. cruor,
blood flowing from a wound. tutus, safe. securus, free from care.
disco, I learn. condisco, I learn thoroughly. aecidit, it happens,
generally used of unfortunate events. contingit, of fortunate events.
20 DISCERXEXDA jubeo, I command. It may express the
wish of inferiors, equals, or superiors. impero, implies an order from
a superior. inveiiire, to come upon. reperire, to find after searching."
video, I see. specto, I gaze upon. prandeo, I take breakfast. ceno, I
dine. puto, I suppose. cogito, I reflect upon. illicitus, forbidden,
elicitus, lured forth. pronus, bent forward, supinus, bent backward.
varius, varynig. contrarius, opposite, diversus, in different directions.
avunculus, a maternal uncle. patruus, a paternal uncle. vectigal, a
tax. tributum, a contribution. homo, man, human being as
distinguished from other living creatures. vir, man, as distinguished
from woman. femina, female, is applied to all animals. mulier,
married woman, as distinguished from virgo. matrona, married
^^'oman. ager, any field, distiict. arvum, ploughed land, campus, a
plain without reference to cultivation. rus, country, as opposed to the
city. bini, two each. duo, two. par, a pair. bucca, the cheeks, filled
out in eating. gena, the cheeks. indies, daily, used with
com])aratives. quotidie, daily. magis, more, in the comparison of
({uality. plus, more, in comparison of quantity. aliqais, someone,
ullus, anyone.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN 21 pugna, any fight from
a single combat to the general engagement of troops. proelium, an
engagement of troops. certamen, a struggle, rivalry. dimicatio, a
furious encounter. adolescens, young man, between the puer and
juvenis. sodalis, companion in amusement. comes, companion in
travelling. omnes, all (the particulars). totus, all (collectively).
universus, the mass (opposed to singuli). cuncti, all together. praes,
a surety (in money). vas, a surety (in general). potestas = power
exercised by censor, aedile, &c., who had not the power to command
an army. imperium = power possessed by consul, dictator, praetor,
to command an army. dominatio, despotic sway. rogatio, a bill
proposed to the people. lex, a statute — the rogatio, when passed,
became a lex. privilegium, a bill for or against an individual. elades,
disaster, strages, butchery. hostis, public enemy. inimicus, private
enemy. culpa, a mistake, a fault. crimen, a charge, an accusation.
flagitium, a disgraceful deed. scelus, a wicked act. sermo,
conversation. oratio, speech. dormio, I sleep. obdormio, I fall asleep.
simulo, I feign a thing to be what it is not. dissimulo, I pretend a
thing not to be which really is. probus, honest. honestus,
honourable.
22 DISCERXEXDA IV — Different constructions following
same word animadvertere aliquem, to observe anyone.
animadvertere in aliquem, to punish anyone. caveo te, I am on my
guard against you. caveo tibi, I ^m taking care for your interests.
consulo te, I consult you. consulo tibi, I consult your interests.
convenire aliquem, to haA e an interview with anyone. convenire
alicui, to be appropriate to something. cupere aliquid, to desire
something. cupere alicui, to wish well to someone. deficere ab
aliquo, to revolt from someone. deficere alicui, to fail someone.
impero obsides, I make a requisition for hostages. impero obsidibus,
I order the hostages. metuo te, I fear you. metuo tibi, I have fears
for you. manere alicui, I am in store for anyone. manere aliquid, I
await anyone. interesse mea, to be of interest to me. interesse rei,
to be present at a thing. careo pecunia, I am without money. egeo
pecunia, I am in need of money. incumbere rei, to lean on a thing.
incumbere in rem, to devote oneself to a thing. prospicere alicui, to
provide for something. prospicere aliquid, to foresee something.
bene velle alicui, to wish well to someone. velle aliquem, to want
someone. solvere alicui, to pay someone. solvere aliquem re, to
release someone from a thing.
PHRASES AND IDIOMS IN LATIN 23 invidere alicui, to envy
anyone. invidere aliquid, to have an interview with anyone. dare
litteras alicui, to write a letter to anyone. dare litteras ad aliquem, to
post a letter to anyone. supersedere re, to dispense with a thing,
supersedere rei, to sit upon a thing. temperare alicui, to spare
anything. temperare aliquid, to direct anything. desiderium mei,
regret for me. desiderium meum, my regret. timor mei, fear of me.
timer meus, my fear. V — Fairs of verbs having the same meaning
but governing different cases Dative. Accvsative. advise, suadeo
moneo believe, trust, credo entrust. committo committo heal.
medeor sano help. succurro, subvenio juvo command, impero jubeo
please, placeo juvo hurt. noceo laedo marry. nubo duco (woman as
subject) (man as subject) Instead of — dico non write nego et non „
neque et nemo „ nee quisquam et nihil „ nee quidquam et nunquam
„ neque unquam