a) Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called ………...
Programs
b) The key logical units of the computer are the ……….. , ……….. , ……….. , ……….. , ………..
and ………..
Input unit, output unit, memory unit, central processing unit, arithmetic and logic
unit, secondary storage unit.
c) The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are ……….. , ……….. and ………..
Machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages
d) The programs that translate high-level-language programs into machine language are
called ………..
Compilers
e) ……….. is an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and Java.
Android
f) Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software:
a microprocessor Hardware
RAM Hardware
Microsoft Visual Studio Software
a preprocessor Software
a scanner hardware
an internet browser Software
g) Translator programs called ……….. convert programs written in high-level languages
into machine language.
Compilers
h) Programs in ……….. , ……….. generally consist of strings of numbers that instruct
computers to perform their most elementary operations one at a time.
Assembly language, assembler
i) A ……….. is the smallest data item in a computer.
Bits
j) ……….. are composed of characters or bytes.
Fields
k) A ……….. is a collection of data organized for easy access and manipulation.
Database
l) ……….., based on the Linux kernel and Java, is the fastest growing mobile and
smartphone operating system.
Android
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Computers can execute instructions written in what language?
Machine language
2. Give two advantages of assembly language over machine language.
a) Easy To Program
The effort of the human being is required to write the program is much less
compared to that needed in writing the program of the ML (Machine
language).
b) Less Error-Prone
In the assembly language, it does not require or need to keep track of the
memory locations. The memory locations are replaced by the variable
names. Hence the chances of error occur will reduce.
3. Give two advantages of a high-level language over assembly language.
a) The main advantage of high-level languages over low-level languages is that
they are easier to read and write.
b) The higher level language are portable languages that you can use on
different devices.
4. Describe two main tasks performed by a compiler.
a) Check the syntax of the code
b) Convert from Higher Level language to the lower level language
5. Describe the steps required to solve a problem on a computer.
a) Define the problem.
b) Analyze the problem.
c) Develop an algorithm (a method) for solving the problem.
d) Write the computer program that implements the algorithm.
e) Test and debug (find the errors in) the program.
f) Document the program. (Explain how the program works and
how to use it.)
g) Maintain the program.
6. Distinguish between an algorithm and a program.
a) An algorithm can be written using informal language without having to
follow any special rules.
b) A program is written in a programming language and must follow all the rules
(the syntax rules) of the language.
7. Programming instructions fall into three main categories; what are they?
a) Input instructions, used for supplying data from the “outside world” to a
program.
b) Processing instructions, used for manipulating data inside the computer.
These instructions allow us to add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
c) Output instructions, used for getting information out of the computer to
the outside world.
8. Distinguish between a syntax error and a logic error.
a) Syntax errors occur when a program does not conform to the grammar of a
programming language, and the compiler cannot compile the source file.
b) Logic errors occur when a program does not do what the programmer
expects it to do.
9. What is meant by “debugging a program”?
Debugging means locating (and then removing) bugs, i.e., faults, in programs.
10.Name five data types commonly used in programming and give examples of
constants of each type
Character ‘A’
Short 50
Long – int 40
Float 6.547
String “Hello World !”
