Second Term

Chapter#4: More about industry

Chapter#5: Trade and transport
 Chapter4
More about industry
Chapter content
 Reading&Meanings
 Mind Map
 Short question
 Long Question
 Worksheet
 Project
 Test
No.of Lecture 12
Division of Lectures
Lecture No Topics
1 Reading
2 Reading
3 Reading
4 Taggingon copies and mind map
5 Short Question
6 Short Question
7 Short Question
8 Long Question
9 Long Question
10 Worksheet
11 Revision of the chapter
12 Test of the chapter

Topic: Meanings To Be Discussed During Reading

 Day1 Day2 Day3
 Farming  Employment  Sedimentory
 Plantations  Facilities rock
 Fertilisers  Recreation  Calves
 Hired  Manufacturing  Containers
 Ensure  Developed  Skimmed
 Tertiary  Extraction  Migrated
 Secondary  Contaminated  Assistance
 Primary  Evaporated  Import

Topic: Important Points

 Industry refers to economic activities that produce goods or services.
 They play a key role in a country’s economic growth.
 It is divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors.
 Modern industries use machines, automation, and advanced technology.

Assignment Creative Drawing Task 🎨

Imagine that a company wants Draw a diagram of a Factory

to cutdown more forest in the Layout showing:
area to build another large hotel
 Raw material coming in
 Write the company’s  Processing inside the
factory
report to the committee
 Finished goods going out
explaining why the hotel
would be a good idea (Label each part with arrows.)

Mind Map
 Importance of
Types of industries
industries

Primary Provide jobs

(farmimining)
Secondary Support economy

Tertiary Increase trade

Improve living
Quaternary
Standards

Industries
Raw material and
Location Factors
product

Use natural Availability of

resources raw materials

Convert into Transportation

finished goods facilities

Skilled labor

Market
demand

Short Question
Q1: What is an industry?
Ans: Industry is an activity where raw materials are changed into useful products.
It provides goods for our daily use and also creates employment.

Q2: What is a tertiary industry?

Ans: A tertiary industry does not produce goods but provides services. Examples
are transport, banking, teaching, trade, and healthcare. These industries support
primary and secondary industries

Q3: What are the main types of industries?

Ans: The main types of industries are Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary. Each type
plays an important role in the economic development of a country.

Q4: Why are industries important?

Ans: Industries are important because they provide jobs, produce goods, and
improve the economy of a country. They also help in trade and development.

Q5: Name two industrial cities of Pakistan.

Ans: Karachi and Faisalabad are two important industrial cities. Karachi is famous
for textile and shipbuilding, while Faisalabad is known for cloth production.

Q6: Difference between large-scale industry or small-scale industry.

Large-scale Small-scale
The iron and steel industry is Pottery and handicrafts are
a large-scale industry. It small-scale industries. They are
requires heavy machines, a usually run at homes or in small
large number of workers, workshops with simple tools
and produces goods on a big
scale.

Q7: What is rock salt?

Ans: Rock salt is a natural form of salt found in solid crystals. It is mainly made of
sodium chloride is used in cooking and industries.

Q8: Where is rock salt found in Pakistan?

Ans: In Pakistan, the largest deposits of rock salt are found at Khewra in Punjab. It
is one of the oldest and biggest salt mines in the world.
Q9: What are the uses of rock salt?
Ans: Rock salt is used in cooking, food preservation, animal feed, and also in
chemical and leather industries. It is also used in making soda ash and caustic soda.

Q10: Why is rock salt important for Pakistan?

Ans: Rock salt is important because Pakistan exports it to earn foreign exchange. It
also meets the needs of local people and industries.

Q11: What is a dairy farm?

Ans: A dairy farm is a place where cows, buffaloes, or goats are kept to produce
milk. The milk is then processed into products like butter, cheese, and yogurt.

Q12: What is a tubewell?

Ans: A tubewell is a deep well dug into the ground with the help of a long pipe or
tube. A pump is fixed to lift underground water, which is then used for drinking,
household needs, and irrigation of crops.

Q13: Difference between mining and quarrying?

Ans: Mining Quarrying

Mining is the process of Quarrying is the process of
digging out minerals, cutting or taking out stones,
metals, or other valuable sand, or minerals from the
resources from deep inside surface of the earth.
the earth. Examples are Examples are marble,
coal, gold, and iron ore limestone, and granite
mining quarrying.
 Long Question

Q1: Describe the ways in which industries contribute to air, water, and noise
pollution.

Ans:
Industries play an important role in economic development, but they also cause
serious environmental problems. The main types of pollution caused by industries
are air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution.

1. Air Pollution:
Industries burn coal, oil, gas, and other fuels in their factories. This releases smoke,
carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and other harmful gases. Chemical factories,
cement factories, and power plants are the main sources of air pollution. These
gases cause breathing problems, lung diseases, and even acid rain. Dust particles
from textile and cement industries also make the air dirty.

2. Water Pollution:
Industrial waste like chemicals, dyes, oils, and toxic substances are often thrown
into rivers, lakes, and canals without cleaning. This makes the water poisonous and
unsafe for drinking and daily use. Industries such as paper mills, sugar mills,
textile factories, and tanneries are big sources of water pollution. Polluted water
kills fish and water plants and destroys aquatic life. It also spreads diseases among
people and animals.

3. Noise Pollution:
Industries also produce a lot of noise through heavy machines, engines, generators,
and vehicles. Constant loud noise disturbs sleep, increases stress, and can cause
headaches or loss of hearing. People living near industrial areas face serious noise
pollution problems.

Q2: Describe the effects of industries.

Ans:
Industries are very important for the progress of a country because they provide goods, jobs, and
income. However, they also have many effects on people, the economy, and the environment.
The effects of industries can be both positive and negative.
 Positive Negative
 Economic Growth: Industries increase  Air Pollution: Smoke and harmful gases
production and trade, which improves the from factories make the air dirty and cause
economy of a country. health problems.

 Employment: They create jobs for  Water Pollution: Chemicals and waste
thousands of skilled and unskilled workers. from industries are thrown into rivers and
canals, making water unsafe and killing fish.
 Urban Development: Industrial areas lead
to the growth of towns and cities with better  Noise Pollution: The use of heavy
transport and facilities. machines and vehicles creates loud noise that
disturbs people and causes stress.
 Improved Lifestyle: Industries provide
useful products like clothes, vehicles,  Deforestation: To set up industries, trees
medicines, and machinery which improve are cut down which destroys forests and
people’s lives. wildlife.

 Exports: Industrial goods are exported to  Global Warming: Burning fuel in

other countries and help earn foreign industries releases carbon dioxide which adds
exchange. to climate change.

 Health Problems: Industrial waste and

pollution lead to diseases like asthma, skin
problems, and hearing loss.

Q3:Why was there a big demand for tubewells after 1960?

After 1960, there was a great increase in the demand for tubewells because of the
Green Revolution. During this period, farmers started using high-yield variety
(HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and modern machinery to increase food
production. These new farming methods required a regular and assured supply
of water.

The traditional sources of irrigation such as wells, ponds, and canals were not
enough to meet this need. Tubewells provided an easy and reliable way of drawing
underground water in large quantities. They could supply water throughout the
year and helped in growing two or more crops annually.

Therefore, tubewells became very popular after 1960 as they played a major role in
increasing agricultural production and ensuring the success of the Green
Revolution.
 THE JALAL SCHOOL SYSTEM MANAWAN CAMPUS
Worksheet

Part A: Riddle Time 🤔

 “I am dug from the earth; industries need me to make steel. Who am I?”
__________

 “Without me, paper can’t be made. I grow in forests. Who am I?”___________

Part B: Identify from Picture

👉 Students will write the name of the industry under each picture.

____________________ ___________________

_____________________ ____________________

Part C: Think & Write 🖊️

Industries help us but also cause problems.

 Write two benefits of industries.

 Write two problems caused by industries.

Benefits Problems

Part D: Match & Label

Match the raw material with the correct industry by drawing a line.

Raw Materials Industries

Wheat Steel industry

Iron dairy industry
Wood Food indutry
Milk Paper industry

Part E: MCQs – Industries & Resources

Q1. What is an industry?
a) Animals kept b) Raw materials → products c) Services d) Farming

Q2. Which is a tertiary industry?

a) Textile b) Steel c) Transport & banking d) Dairy

Q3. Main types of industries?

a) Agri, Mining, Teaching b) Primary, Secondary, Tertiary c) Food, Steel d)
Small & Large

Q4. Why are industries important?

a) Jobs & economy b) Only pollution c) Farming use d) Only in villages

Q5. Industrial cities of Pakistan?

a) Lahore & Multan b) Karachi & Faisalabad c) Quetta & Peshawar d)
Islamabad & Murree

Q6. Large-scale industry?

a) Pottery b) Handicrafts c) Iron & steel d) Wood carving

Q7. Largest deposit of rock salt?

a) Karachi b) Khewra c) Quetta d) Hyderabad

Q8. Rock salt is made of?

a) Potassium chloride b) Calcium carbonate c) Sodium chloride d)
Magnesium sulphate

Q9. A dairy farm is?

a) Crops b) Wool c) Milk animals d) Animal market

Q10. Tubewell is used for?

a) Coal b) Irrigation & drinking c) Houses d) Stones

Q11. Mining is done?

a) Surface stones b) Forest wood c) Deep underground d) Fishing

Q12. Main source of air pollution?

a) Dairy b) Cement factories c) Farms d) Orchards

Q13. Cutting trees for land causes?

a) Clean air b) Deforestation c) Shrinking cities d) New forests
Q14. Positive effect of industries?
a) Deforestation b) Jobs c) Global warming d) Noise

Q15. Negative effect of industries?

a) Employment b) Economy c) Exports d) Air pollution

Fill in the Blanks – More About Industries

1. Industry is an activity where __________ are changed into useful products.

2. Primary industries use raw materials taken directly from __________.
3. After 1960, tubewells became popular because of the __________
Revolution.
4. By exporting industrial goods, a country earns __________ exchange
5. The largest deposits of rock salt in Pakistan are found at __________.
6. Cutting trees to set up industries causes __________.
7. __________ warming is increasing due to burning of fuels in industries.

THE JALAL SCHOOL MANAWAN CAMPUS

 TEST

Name: _________ Date: ____________

Part A: Choose the correct option. /3

1. Main types of industries?

a) Agri, Mining, Teaching b) Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
c) Food, Steel d) Small & Large
2. Largest deposit of rock salt?
a) Karachi b) Khewra c) Quetta d) Hyderabad
3. Industrial cities of Pakistan?
a) Lahore & Multan b) Karachi & Faisalabad
c) Quetta & Peshawar d) Islamabad & Murree

Part B: Fill in the blanks. /2

1. After 1960, tubewells became popular because of the __________ Revolution.

2. __________ warming is increasing due to burning of fuels in industries.

Part C: Short Questions. /3

1. Difference between large-scale industry or small-scale industry.

2. What is a tertiary industry?

Part D: Match & Label /2

Match the raw material with the correct industry by drawing a line.

Raw Materials Industries

Wheat Steel industry

Iron dairy industry
Wood Food indutry
Milk Paper industry

Part E: Write long question. /5

1. Describe the effects of industries.

Chapter5
 Trade And Transport
Chapter content
 Reading&Meanings
 Mind Map
 Short question
 Long Question
 Worksheet
 Project
 Test
No.of Lecture 12
Division of Lectures
Lecture No Topics
1 Reading
2 Reading
3 Reading
4 Taggingon copies and mind map
5 Short Question
6 Short Question
7 Short Question
8 Long Question
9 Long Question
10 Worksheet
11 Revision of the chapter
12 Test of the chapter

Topic: Meanings To Be Discussed During Reading

 Day1 Day2 Day3
 Bullocks  Refined  Encouraged
 Facilities  Destinations  Materials
 Routes  Terminal  Imported
 Rough track  Warehouse  Assistance
 Cargo boats  Perishable  Deposition
 Vessel  Signalling  Distributary
 Commodity  Irrigation  Condensatio
 Container  Established n
 Extractive
Topic: Important Points

 Why country trade

 Goods require different forms of transport
 Agriculture contributes an important part of Pakistan’s export
 Pakistan’s import are mainly machinery, chemicals and petroleum

Activity
Assignment
Design an advertisement, which
“Impact of Trade on the could be part of PIA’s “proper
Development of a Country” marketing compaign” to
encourage travellers and traders.

Activity

Class Debate

Topic: “Air transport is more

important than sea transport.”

 Group A will speak for the

topic.
 Group B will speak against it.
 Mind Map

Trade and
Transport

Trade Transport Economy

| | | | | | | | | |
Types Forms Links Road Rail Air Water Jobs Revenue Dev.
| | | | | |
Int. Barter 🤝 Buses Train Flights Ships
Ext. Cash 💵 Cars Metro Cargo Boats
Imp. Online 🌐
Exp.

Short Question
Q1: What is trade?
Ans: Trade is the exchange of goods and services. It can be within a country or
between countries. It helps in fulfilling people’s needs and boosts the economy.

Q2: What are the main types of trade?

Ans: The two main types are Internal trade (within one country) and External
trade (between different countries). External trade includes imports and exports.

Q3: What is the difference between imports and exports?

Ans: Import Export

 Goods brought  goods sold to
from other other countries
countries are are called
called imports. exports
 Imports fulfill  exports earn
local needs money for the
country

Q4: What is transport?

Ans: Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It
saves time, connects markets, and makes trade possible.

Q5: What are the main types of transport?

Ans: The main types are Road, Rail, Air, Water, and Pipelines. Each type is
useful depending on distance, cost, and kind of goods carried.

Q6: How does transport support trade?

Ans: Transport helps move goods from producers to markets quickly. It reduces
distance, increases trade, and connects different regions and countries.

Q7: Why is transport important for a country?

Ans: Transport develops industries, creates jobs, and improves communication. It
also makes travel and exchange of culture easier, boosting overall development.

Q8: What is barter system?

Ans: Barter system is the exchange of goods for goods without using money. It
was the earliest form of trade.
Q9: Why do countries trade with each other?
Ans: Countries trade with each other because no country can produce everything it
needs. Some have more natural resources, while others have better technology.

Q10: What is the difference between wholesale and retail trade?

Ans: Wholesale trade means selling goods in large quantities to shopkeepers,
while retail trade means selling directly to customers.

Q11: Why are railways called the backbone of land transport?

Ans: Railways carry large numbers of people and heavy goods cheaply over long
distances, so they are called the backbone of land transport.

Q12: What is a market?

Ans: A market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and
services, either physically or online.
 Long Question

Qno1:Why Do Countries Trade With Each Other?

Ans: Countries trade with each other because no single nation can produce everything it needs.
Some countries have natural resources, while others have advanced technology or skilled
industries. By trading, they share resources, exchange surplus goods, and improve their
economies.

1. Unequal Distribution of Resources

Not all countries have the same natural resources. Some have fertile land, others have oil, gas, or
minerals.

2. Specialization in Production
Each country produces certain goods better or cheaper than others. They trade to share these
products.

3. Exchange of Surplus Goods

Countries sell extra goods they produce and buy what they lack. This avoids waste and fulfills
needs.

4. Variety of Goods
Trade makes more products available, like fruits, clothes, medicines, and technology from other
countries.

5. Economic Growth
Exports earn foreign money and imports bring technology. This improves industries and the
economy.

6. Employment Opportunities
Trade creates jobs in transport, markets, shipping, and industries.

7. Better Living Standards

With trade, people enjoy a higher quality of life by accessing more products and services.

8. Friendly Relations
Trade connects nations, increases cooperation, and builds peace through mutual dependence.
Q2: What are the differences between a Container Ship and an Oil Tanker?

Ans: A container ship and an oil tanker are both large vessels used in world trade, but they differ
in design, purpose, and cargo.

Container ship Oil tanker

 Carries goods packed in containers. 1. Carries liquid cargo such as
crude oil, petrol, and
 Transports items like clothes,
machinery, electronics, food, and chemicals.
furniture. 2. Has large built-in storage
tanks instead of containers.
 Containers are lifted by cranes at
ports. 3. Cargo is pumped into and out
of the tanker.
 Can carry thousands of containers at
4. Usually carries only one type
the same time.
of liquid at a time.
 Cargo is dry and usually safe from 5. Needs strict safety systems to
leaks or pollution.
avoid leaks and fires.
 Moves a wide variety of goods in one 6. Risk of pollution is very high
trip. if oil spills occur.
7. Loading and unloading take
 Helps in fast loading and unloading
because of container system. longer due to pumping.
8. Mainly used for energy trade
 Used for general international trade of
(oil and fuel transport).
manufactured products

Q3: What are the importance of efficient services for trade?

Ans: Efficient services are very important for trade because they make the
movement of goods, money, and information faster, cheaper, and safer. Here are
some key points on their importance:

1. Smooth Flow of Goods

Efficient transport services (roads, railways, shipping, air cargo) ensure that goods
reach markets on time without damage or delay.

2. Lower Costs
Better services reduce extra costs like fuel waste, storage, and handling charges,
making products cheaper for buyers.

3. Time Saving

Fast transport, banking, and communication services save time in business

transactions, which increases trade activities.

4. Expansion of Markets

With reliable services, traders can sell their products not only locally but also to
distant and international markets.

5. Customer Satisfaction

On-time delivery and safe handling of goods improve trust and satisfaction among
buyers.

6. Increased Investment

When services are efficient, more investors are attracted to trade and business
because risks are lower.

7. Better Competition

Efficient services allow businesses to compete fairly in the market by providing

timely and affordable products.
 THE JALAL SCHOOL SYSTEM MANAWAN CAMPUS

WORKSHEET

Part A: Think & Share: Part C – Creative Drawing Task

“If there were no transport, how would
your life change?” (Write 3–4 lines) 👉 Draw a mind map of “Trade &
Transport” with the word in the center.
________________________________
________________________________  Add 4 branches: Road, Rail, Air,
________________________________ Water
________________________________  Under each, draw one picture (car 🚗,
________________________________ train 🚂, airplane ✈️, ship 🚢)
 Write one advantage for each
Part B – Fill in the Blanks
Part D: Fun with Trade & Transport
1. Trade means buying and selling of
__________. Word Jumble
2. Transport helps in the movement
of __________ and __________. Unscramble the letters:
3. __________ trade takes place
within a country. 1. TRNPAOSTR = __________
4. Roads, railways, airways, and 2. RIA LYWA = __________
waterways are types of 3. RIMTPO = __________
__________. 4. PEXOTR = __________
5. A __________ ship carries liquid 5. TANOKER = __________
goods like oil.
Trade & Transport – MCQs

1. Backbone of trade is:

a) Communication b) Transport c) Banking d) Agriculture

2. Buying goods from abroad is:

a) Export b) Import c) Exchange d) Production

3. Silk Route was famous for:

a) Oil b) Silk & Spices c) Machinery d) Metal

4. Cheapest for heavy goods:

a) Road b) Rail c) Air d) Water

5. Example of invisible trade:

a) Rice b) Machinery c) Tourism d) Oil

6. Pakistan’s main imports:

a) Cars, machinery, oil b) Rice, wheat, cotton c) Fruits, livestock d) Gold,
jewelry

7. Farmers in Punjab sell wheat to Karachi. This is an example of:

a) Internal trade b) External trade c) Import d) Invisible trade

8. Container ship carries:

a) Dry goods in containers
b) Oil & petrol
c) Chemicals
d) Passengers

9. Efficient services cause:

a) More investment
b) Stop trade
c) More delays
d) Higher costs

10. Retail means:

a) Selling in bulk
b) Direct to customers
c) Exchange without money
d) Selling to shopkeepers
 THE JALAL SCHOOL SYSTEM MANAWAN CAMPUS

Test

Name ___________ Date ____________

Part A: Choose the correct option. /3

1. Pakistan’s main imports:

a) Cars, machinery, oil b) Rice, wheat, cotton c) Fruits, livestock d) Gold,
jewelry

2. Container ship carries:

a) Dry goods in containers
b) Oil & petrol
c) Chemicals
d) Passengers

3. Pakistan’s main imports:

a) Cars, machinery, oil b) Rice, wheat, cotton c) Fruits, livestock d) Gold,
jewelry

Part B: Fill in the blanks. /2

1. A __________ ship carries liquid goods like oil.

2. Transport helps in the movement of __________ and __________.

Part C: Short Questions. /3

Why is transport important for a country?

What is the difference between imports and exports?

Part d: Word Jumble /2

1. TRNPAOSTR = __________
2. RIA LYWA = __________
3. RIMTPO = __________
4. PEXOTR = __________

Part E: Write long question. /5

Why Do Countries Trade With Each Other?