TRANSFORMING MOMENTS BY GCINA MHLOPHE ................................................................................................

4
About the Author......................................................................................................................................................4
Summary...................................................................................................................................................................4
Why The Story Matters ............................................................................................................................................4
Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................................4
Title Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................4
Themes Explored .....................................................................................................................................................4
Tone and Mood.........................................................................................................................................................5
Message and Takeaways.........................................................................................................................................5
Character Analysis...................................................................................................................................................5
Literary Devices and Style ......................................................................................................................................5
Anilysis Sheet...........................................................................................................................................................6
THE NEW TRIBE BY BHUCHI EMECHETA ................................................................................................................7
About the Author......................................................................................................................................................7
Summary...................................................................................................................................................................7
Why The Story Matters ............................................................................................................................................7
Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................................7
Title Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................7
How is the Story Told? ............................................................................................................................................7
Themes Explored .....................................................................................................................................................7
Tone and Mood.........................................................................................................................................................8
Narrator’s Point of View ..........................................................................................................................................8
Character Analysis...................................................................................................................................................8
Literary Devices and Style ......................................................................................................................................8
NEXT DOOR BY KURT VONNEGUT ...........................................................................................................................9
About the Author......................................................................................................................................................9
Summary...................................................................................................................................................................9
Why The Story Matters ............................................................................................................................................9
Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................................9
Title Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................9
How is the Story Told? ............................................................................................................................................9
Themes Explored .....................................................................................................................................................9
Tone and Mood.......................................................................................................................................................10
Narrator’s Point of View ........................................................................................................................................10
Character Analysis.................................................................................................................................................10
Literary Devices and Style ....................................................................................................................................10
Anilysis Sheet.........................................................................................................................................................11
VILLAGE PEOPLE BY BESSIE HEAD ......................................................................................................................12
About the Author....................................................................................................................................................12
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................12
Why The Story Matters ..........................................................................................................................................12
Title Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................12
How is the Story Told? ..........................................................................................................................................12
 Themes Explored ...................................................................................................................................................12
Tone and Mood.......................................................................................................................................................13
Narrator’s Point of View ........................................................................................................................................13
Character Analysis.................................................................................................................................................13
Literary Devices and Style ....................................................................................................................................13
Anilysis Sheet.........................................................................................................................................................14
THE LAST BREATH BY SAM KAHIGA .....................................................................................................................15
About the Author....................................................................................................................................................15
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................15
Why The Story Matters ..........................................................................................................................................15
Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................15
Title Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................15
How the Story Unfolds...........................................................................................................................................15
Themes Explored ...................................................................................................................................................15
Tone and Mood.......................................................................................................................................................16
Narrator’s Point of View ........................................................................................................................................16
Character Analysis.................................................................................................................................................16
Literary Devices and Style ....................................................................................................................................16
THE FUR COAT BY SEAN O'FAOLAIN ....................................................................................................................17
About the Author....................................................................................................................................................17
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................17
Why The Story Matters ..........................................................................................................................................17
Title Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................17
How the Story Unfolds...........................................................................................................................................17
Themes Explored ...................................................................................................................................................17
Tone and Mood.......................................................................................................................................................17
Narrator’s Point of View ........................................................................................................................................18
Character Analysis.................................................................................................................................................18
Literary Devices and Style ....................................................................................................................................18
THE DOLL'S HOUSE BY KATHERINE MANSFIELD................................................................................................19
About the Author....................................................................................................................................................19
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................19
Why The Story Matters ..........................................................................................................................................19
Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................19
Title Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................19
Themes Explored ...................................................................................................................................................19
Tone and Mood.......................................................................................................................................................19
Character Analysis.................................................................................................................................................20
Anilysis Sheet.........................................................................................................................................................20
A CHIP OF RUBY GLASS BY NADINE GORDIMER ................................................................................................21
About the Author....................................................................................................................................................21
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................21
Why The Story Matters ..........................................................................................................................................21
Title Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................21
How is the Story Told? ..........................................................................................................................................21
Themes Explored ...................................................................................................................................................22
Tone and Mood.......................................................................................................................................................22
Narrator’s Point of View ........................................................................................................................................22
Character Analysis.................................................................................................................................................22
Literary Devices and Style ....................................................................................................................................22
Anilysis Sheet.........................................................................................................................................................23
TRANSFORMING MOMENTS BY GCINA MHLOPHE
About the Author
The Queen of African Storytelling!
Meet Nokugcina Elsie Mhlophe—better known as Gcina Mhlophe. Born in 1958 in KwaZulu-Natal, she’s the ultimate multitasker: actress, poet,
playwright, director, activist, and South Africa’s storytelling superstar. Think of her as the Beyoncé of African folklore!
Storytelling runs in her blood. Growing up in Durban, her grandmother’s captivating tales were her daily Netflix binge. Later, after meeting a
legendary Imbongi (praise poet), Gcina decided to dedicate her life to storytelling. She’s a trailblazer in a male-dominated world, creating
stories that blend folklore, current affairs, music, and idioms.

Summary
The Story: A Journey from Ugly Duckling to Confident Swan
Our narrator is a 17-year-old girl who thinks she’s the world’s ugliest teen. Picture it: no confidence, no belief in herself, and a nickname like
Miss-Ugly-Top-of-the-Class. Yikes.
But don’t feel too bad for her—she’s got brains for days. She’s so smart that the other girls only hang out with her to steal her homework
answers. And when it comes to boys? Forget it. They tease her because, apparently, she’s not girlfriend material.
Until Sizwe comes along. Sizwe is a rugby hottie from Port Elizabeth, and he likes her. Like, actually likes her. But does she fall head over
heels? Nope. She’s got bigger dreams and zero time for distractions.
Fast forward, and she ends up on a life-changing trip with Father Fikeni, her minister, and his quiet (but stunning) wife. During the trip, she
meets Cira, a praise poet who’s so talented, he could make grocery lists sound magical. Inspired, she writes her first poem, realizes her voice
is pure gold, and for the first time ever, she feels beautiful. Self-love unlocked!

Why The Story Matters

In a world obsessed with appearances and external achievements, Transforming Moments offers a refreshing perspective. It shows that real
beauty lies in confidence, passion, and embracing one’s true self. Whether you’re a budding poet or just someone trying to find their way, this
story is a beacon of hope and inspiration.

Analysis
Gcina Mhlophe’s Transforming Moments is more than just a coming-of-age story; it’s a powerful narrative about growth, identity, and finding
one’s voice—literally and figuratively. Below, we explore the key elements of this short story in greater detail.

Title Analysis
A Metaphor for Change
The title, Transforming Moments, is perfectly chosen. It hints at those pivotal instances in life that shift us from one state to another. For the
narrator, the story’s protagonist, these moments are deeply personal. Her encounter with the praise poet, Cira, becomes the spark that ignites
her journey from a self-conscious teenager to a confident, self-loving young woman.
This transformation isn’t just physical or external—it’s deeply emotional and psychological. The title reflects the universal truth that small
moments can create profound changes in who we are.

Themes Explored
Self-Discovery and Self-Love
The heart of the story lies in the narrator’s personal growth. At the beginning, she is burdened by societal standards of beauty and the
negative perceptions of her peers. These insecurities prevent her from seeing her worth.
Her encounter with Cira introduces her to the world of poetry, where she finds not just a creative outlet but also a mirror that reflects her
hidden talents. Writing and performing poetry become acts of self-affirmation, helping her shed her doubts and embrace her unique qualities.
The story teaches us that self-love often begins with self-discovery. Once the narrator recognizes her talent and her voice, she starts
appreciating herself for who she truly is.
Jealousy and Its Effects
The theme of jealousy runs parallel to the narrator’s journey. Her intelligence and academic success make her the target of envy at school.
The girls’ jealousy isn’t just petty; it’s a reflection of their own insecurities. Their attempts to belittle her—mocking her looks, clothing, and
relationships—are their way of trying to assert control over someone they perceive as a threat.
This theme highlights how envy can harm relationships and self-worth. However, the narrator’s resilience, and her eventual realization of her
value, help her rise above the negativity.
Friendship and Genuine Connection
Friendship takes on multiple forms in this story, showing the difference between superficial relationships and true bonds.
Fake Friends: The schoolgirls befriend the narrator only to take advantage of her academic brilliance. These relationships are transactional
and lack sincerity.
True Friendship with Sizwe: Initially, Sizwe’s romantic interest in the narrator is rejected because she is wary of boys and their intentions.
Over time, their relationship evolves into a genuine friendship, built on mutual respect and understanding.
Mentorship with Father Fikeni: Father Fikeni represents a different kind of friendship—a mentorship. His encouragement and belief in the
narrator’s potential help her find her path. This layered portrayal of relationships underscores the importance of surrounding oneself with
people who uplift rather than diminish.
Tone and Mood
Tone:
The tone shifts from gloomy and self-critical to uplifting and empowering. This mirrors the narrator’s internal transformation.
Mood:
At the beginning, the mood is heavy with sadness and insecurity. As the story progresses, it becomes hopeful and celebratory, leaving the
reader inspired.

Message and Takeaways

Transforming Moments teaches us that:
 Self-worth comes from within, not from external validation.
 Mentors and role models can change our lives in unexpected ways.
 Everyone has a unique talent waiting to be discovered.
This story isn’t just about one girl’s journey—it’s a universal tale of growth and empowerment, reminding us all that even the smallest moments
can spark profound change.

Character Analysis
The Narrator
At the start of the story, the narrator is defined by her low self-esteem. She describes herself in unflattering terms, calling herself “Miss-Ugly-
Top-of-the-Class.” This self-deprecation reflects not just her own insecurities but also the impact of societal and peer pressures.
However, her transformation is remarkable. Her encounter with Cira is symbolic—a passing of the torch from one artist to another. By
discovering her talent as a praise poet, she reclaims her identity. Her voice, which she once thought was unsuitable for singing, becomes her
most powerful asset in poetry.
The narrator’s growth is a reminder that our greatest strengths often lie in areas we least expect.
Father Fikeni
Father Fikeni is a critical figure in the narrator’s transformation. As a mentor, he sees potential in her when she cannot see it herself. By
encouraging her to participate in activities like the church choir and taking her to his family in Tsolo, he creates opportunities for her to grow.
Father Fikeni embodies the idea that mentorship is about nurturing talent and offering guidance, not forcing change. His supportive nature
makes him a catalyst for the narrator’s transformation.
Cira, the Praise Poet
Cira represents inspiration and tradition. As a praise poet, he is deeply rooted in African culture, and his artistry is a reminder of the power of
words to heal, inspire, and transform. His performance is so moving that it unlocks the narrator’s potential, making him the story’s turning
point.
Cira’s humility and talent serve as a model for the narrator. Through him, she sees what is possible and dares to dream of becoming the first
female praise poet.
Sizwe:
Rugby star with a heart of gold who sees her worth before she does.
Bulewa:
Her best friend, with a voice of an angel. She does not use the narrator only for school work. They are true friends.

Literary Devices and Style

Idiomatic Expressions and Figurative Language
Mhlophe uses vivid language to bring the narrator’s world to life. Examples include:
Simile:
Comparing her hair to “dry grass in winter” emphasizes her feelings of unattractiveness.
Metaphor:
Her “knock-knees” symbolize her self-consciousness about her physical appearance.
Personification:
The “lazy winter sun” mirrors her mood during her initial struggles.
These devices enrich the story and make the narrator’s journey relatable and emotional.
Irony
Irony is woven throughout the story. For example, the girls mock the narrator for being “ugly” and unworthy of attention, yet the most attractive
boy at school, Sizwe, is drawn to her. Similarly, she is kicked out of the choir for her voice, but that very voice becomes her defining trait as a
praise poet.
Symbolism
The Praise Poet: Represents the narrator’s awakening and her connection to her cultural roots.
Poetry: Symbolizes freedom, self-expression, and identity.
Anilysis Sheet
THE NEW TRIBE BY BHUCHI EMECHETA
About the Author
Buchi Emecheta was born in 1944 in Lagos, Nigeria. She moved to London where she has lived since. She has published several novels, and
explores the themes of childhood slavery, womanhood and female independence, as well as being an African in Britain. The story was
extracted from her novel, The New Tribe, and published as a short story.

Summary
Meet the Arlingtons: Rev. Arthur and Ginny, a couple who desperately want children but can't have their own. Enter Julia, a baby girl left on
their doorstep by a local paperboy. They happily adopt her. Life’s looking great, right? But wait! Then comes Chester, a black child from a
Nigerian woman named Catherine, who can’t care for him. The Arlingtons adopt him, too. Now, things get tricky...
 Chester grows up feeling different—he’s the only black kid in a small, conservative English community.
 He eventually forces the truth out of his parents about where he’s from.
 After a whole lot of soul-searching, Chester comes to terms with his identity and finds peace with the love of his adoptive parents.

Why The Story Matters

Why It’s Memorable – The New Tribe is about more than just family. It’s about identity, difference, and finding your place in a world that
doesn’t always know where to put you. Chester’s journey—from feeling like the odd one out to embracing who he is—will make you think twice
about what it really means to belong. Whether you’ve ever felt like you didn’t fit in, or you’ve had to figure out who you are, this story is
relatable and powerful.
So, what about you? What makes you feel like part of your own tribe?

Analysis
Imagine being in a small, tight-knit community where everyone knows everyone’s business. Now, throw in a child who doesn’t quite fit in—
because, well, he’s the only black kid in town. Welcome to The New Tribe, a story about growing up, embracing differences, and discovering
family in the most unexpected places.

Title Analysis
What’s In a Tribe?
“The New Tribe” isn’t just about adopting kids—it’s about creating a new kind of family, a mixed-race family. The world is changing, and so are
the ideas of "family" and "belonging." The tribe, in this case, is a blended one—half white, half black, all love. It’s a look at how we build our
own identities in a world that’s constantly shifting.

How is the Story Told?

Setting
We’re in modern-day England, in a small, conservative town called St. Simon. Imagine an old-school place where everyone knows your
name...
and your business.
Structure and Plot Development
Exposition:
The Arlingtons adopt Chester and Julia. Chester is black, and Julia is white. Julia is super protective of Chester, and life is going okay... for
now.
Rising Action:
Chester starts noticing that he’s different—he’s the only black kid at school. People make weird comments, and when he’s cast as “King of the
Orient” in a Christmas play, things get awkward.
Climax:
Chester refuses to be the king. He’s tired of being made fun of. So, he demands answers from his parents about his real parents. They tell him
the truth about his adoption.
Resolution:
Chester makes peace with his identity. He gives his mom a sweet Christmas gift and realizes that his dad is his “Rock of Gibraltar”—
emotionally strong and always there for him.

Themes Explored
What’s Really Going On?
Racial Integration
Chester is the only black child in his town, and he has to figure out how to deal with being different. But it’s not just about him—his whole
community must learn to accept him, too.
Mixed Race Families
The Arlingtons adopt two kids: one white, one black. And guess what? They have to figure out how to handle their son Chester’s cultural and
racial differences. It’s a learning curve for everyone.
Adoption
Adopting a child sounds sweet, but there’s a ton of worry involved. What if the biological parents show up one day and take the kids back?
Ginny lives with that fear all the time, even though she loves her children deeply.
Tone and Mood
Tone:
 Joyful at first, especially when the kids join the family.
 Matter-of-fact when Arthur talks about the kids’ biological parents.
 Apologetic at the end, when Chester gives Ginny her heartfelt Christmas gift.
Mood:
 A mix of alienation (Chester feeling like an outsider) and tension (he’s struggling with who he is).
 But by the end, it’s a mood of acceptance and peace as Chester embraces who he is and the love his parents have for him.

Narrator’s Point of View

The story is told in third person, meaning the narrator knows everything. They can tell us what everyone’s thinking and feeling, giving us a
complete look at the drama. It’s like having the best seat in the house for the whole story.

Character Analysis
Chester:
 A dreamer who’s super sensitive about being different.
 He learns to embrace his heritage and becomes more assertive about who he is.
 By the end, Chester’s figured out how to juggle being the “only black kid” and still feeling loved.
Julia:
 A sensitive soul who loves her family fiercely.
 She’s protective of Chester and becomes withdrawn when she learns she’s adopted.
 Think of her like that sibling who’ll fight anyone who messes with you, even if they don’t always know what’s going on.
Rev. Arthur Arlington (Dad):
 Super chill, gentle, and loving.
 He’s the “Rock of Gibraltar”—solid, dependable, and emotionally strong when Chester needs him most.
Ginny Arlington (Mom):
 Kind and loving, but she’s also a bit anxious about her kids being adopted.
 She loves her kids to the moon and back, but she has to deal with the fears and challenges of being an adoptive mom.

Literary Devices and Style

Language Fun: Words that Pop
Personification:
“The room was frozen into silence.” It’s like the room itself is shocked into stillness. Cool, right?
Similes:
 “She clapped half-heartedly, wilting like a dying rose petal.” Ginny feels weak and disappointed, like a sad flower losing its strength.
 “...like a good strong tree.” The love from the Arlingtons is sturdy and protective, just like a tree’s shade.
Metaphor:
Chester compares his dad to the “Rock of Gibraltar,” meaning he’s strong, steady, and always there when things get tough.
NEXT DOOR BY KURT VONNEGUT
About the Author
Kurt Vonnegut (1922 – 2007) was an American who fought in World War II. He was captured by the Germans and held in a prison in Dresden,
Germany. When he came back from the war, he worked as a newspaper reporter, teacher and public relations officer before his writing career
took off. This short story was first published in cosmopolitan in 1955. It later appeared in a collection titled Welcome to the Monkey House. The
story was made into a short film.

Summary
Paul is an 8-year-old living in a house divided into two apartments by the thinnest wall in history. Next door are the Hargers, who seem like a
nice married couple—until they’re not.
Here’s what goes down:
 Paul’s parents leave him alone for the evening to watch a movie, leaving strict instructions for emergencies.
 While playing with his microscope, Paul overhears a massive fight between Mr. Harger and a woman (spoiler: not his wife!).
 The fight gets so wild that Paul takes matters into his own hands and calls a radio DJ, All-Night Sam, pretending to be Mr. Harger’s kid.
 Things escalate when gunshots are fired, and Paul gets tangled in adult drama involving bribes, lies, and the police.
 The plot twist? Mrs. Harger returns, thinking the romantic radio dedication was for her. Awkward much?
 Paul’s parents return, clueless about his wild night, and Paul keeps quiet, showing that he’s matured more than they realize.

Why The Story Matters

Why It’s Memorable – Paul’s night alone is every teen’s nightmare (or dream, depending on your love for drama). It’s funny, chaotic, and
surprisingly touching as Paul learns to navigate the messy world of adults. Whether it’s the cringe-worthy neighbors or Paul’s clever solutions,
Next Door is a wild ride that reminds us all: sometimes growing up means keeping secrets—even from your own parents.
Now, how thin are the walls in your house? And what’s the craziest thing you’ve overheard?

Analysis
A Peek into Life, Drama, and Growing Up
Imagine this: your parents finally decide you're "grown-up" enough to stay home alone. You're all set for a chill night with your favorite activity,
but then... BOOM! You overhear drama that makes reality TV look tame. Welcome to Paul’s night in Next Door, a story packed with humor,
chaos, and some deep life lessons.

Title Analysis
Why the Title Matters
“Next Door” isn’t just about neighbors living close to each other—it’s about how thin walls can let you in on secrets you never wanted to know.
Paul’s adventure happens entirely because of what he hears next door.

How is the Story Told?

Setting
The Leonards’ home is divided by a hilariously thin wall from the Hargers. This setup is the perfect recipe for overheard drama.
Plot Development
Exposition: Paul’s parents argue about leaving him home alone, but they eventually go.
Rising Action: Paul hears a wild argument next door and decides to “help” by calling the radio station.
Climax: Gunshots! Paul freaks out, runs into Charlotte, and gets bribed to keep quiet.
Resolution: Mrs. Harger comes home to a big misunderstanding, and Paul realizes he’s seen enough adult drama for one night.

Themes Explored
What’s Really Going On?
Conflict: Drama Everywhere
 Between Paul’s parents, debating if he’s a “big boy” or still a kid.
 Between Mr. Harger and Charlotte, fighting louder than a karaoke night gone wrong.
 Internal conflict for Paul, caught between childhood innocence and adult messiness.
Appearance vs. Reality
At first, it seems like Mr. Harger is arguing with his wife. But nope—turns out Charlotte is his mistress! Plot twist central.
Loss of Innocence: Growing Up Overnight
Paul goes from a curious kid playing with a microscope to navigating lies, bribes, and police questions. By the end of the night, he’s seen more
than most kids his age should.
Tone and Mood
Tone:
 Polite (the Leonards whisper to avoid annoying the neighbors).
 Tense (during the fight and gunshots).
 Lighthearted (Paul’s dad arguing that he’s a “big boy”).
Mood:
 Suspenseful (what’s happening next door?).
 Amusing (Paul’s radio prank).

Narrator’s Point of View

Told in third-person omniscient, the story gives us the full 360-degree view—Paul’s thoughts, the adults’ actions, and even the juicy details
about Charlotte’s chaotic vibe.

Character Analysis
Paul:
 Sensitive and caring—he genuinely wants to stop the fight.
 Clever and resourceful—calling All-Night Sam was pure genius.
 Mature beyond his years—he handles the chaos like a champ.
Mr. Harger:
A liar and a cheat, but also kinda pathetic.
Mrs. Leonard (Paul’s Mom):
Warm and protective, but she still thinks Paul’s just a kid who needs watching over.
Mr. Leonard (Paul’s Dad):
Firm and impatient, but he believes Paul needs independence to grow.
All-Night Sam:
The ultimate nice guy, unknowingly fueling the drama with his radio broadcast.
Charlotte:
The loud, bossy mistress with a flair for manipulation (and bribery).

Literary Devices and Style

Language Fun: Words that Pop
Irony:
Paul’s parents leave to “protect” him from adult content, but his night is a masterclass in adult messiness.
Metaphors:
Music is described as a “tidal wave” and Charlotte’s disheveled look is like “an unmade bed.” Relatable, right?
Similes and Alliteration:
These bring the chaos to life: “boom of the bass” and “hair standing on end.”
Anilysis Sheet
VILLAGE PEOPLE BY BESSIE HEAD
About the Author
Bessie Head (6 July 1937 - 17 April 1986) was born on July in Pietermaritzburg, Natal. Her mother, Bessie Amelia Emery (Toby), was a
patient at the Fort Napier Mental Hospital in that city. Toby insisted that her daughter should be given the same full name as herself. So the
baby became Bessie Amelia Emery. Bessie never knew her real parents – who were an unstable white woman and an unknown black man.
She was born and raised in apartheid South Africa. There she suffered from poverty, racial segregation, and gender discrimination. She
trained as a teacher. She taught for a short while before she became a journalist. She became a political activist while writing for different
newspapers and magazines. She fled to Botswana in 1964, where she worked as a teacher and on a farming education project in Serowe.
However, the people of Botswana did not readily accept her. While in Botswana she wrote novels and short stories, based on her experiences
in South Africa and Botswana. Much of her work focuses on the difficulties people face in Africa. Head died in Serowe.

Summary
What’s the Story About?
Introductory Comments:
In the opening of Village People, the narrator shares some deep thoughts about poverty in rural Botswana. People are so used to living in
poverty that they’ve accepted it as a part of life—like a “quiet second skin.” Imagine walking around with your poverty wrapped around you all
day, every day. Babies are dying from hunger, and families are barely scraping by. But even in this darkness, the narrator talks about how
loving and kind these people are. They’re ignored by the world, but they hold on to their humanity, helping each other whenever they can.
Story One: The Old Woman
Here, the narrator comes across an old, weak woman who has collapsed from hunger. It’s heartbreaking. She asks a child to help the woman
back to her hut, and later, prepares some food for her. In an act of kindness, the old woman’s family sends a young woman to thank the
narrator with a pail of water. They can’t offer much, but the water is their way of showing gratitude. The narrator points out that while the world
may have forgotten about these people, they are full of compassion despite having so little.
Story Two: Summer Sun
In this story, the narrator, a young girl, is waiting for the rains to come so her family can plant crops and survive. While they wait, they live on
goat meat (because goats are tough enough to survive a drought). This gives the narrator time to think deeply about the world around her.
She dreams of improving her life through education, and her cousin Lebenah encourages her to learn English, believing it can help her escape
the cycle of poverty. But the narrator’s hope doesn’t just stop at her own future—she’s thinking about the environment too, pondering the
importance of planting trees and solving bigger issues like climate change. It’s not just about surviving; it’s about making life better for
everyone.

Why The Story Matters

Why Should You Care?
Bessie Head’s Village People isn’t just about poverty and struggle—it’s a story about humanity, compassion, and the hope that even in the
hardest times, we can make a difference in each other’s lives. The story reminds us that kindness can survive in the toughest situations, and
no matter how bleak things might seem, there’s always room for change and growth. So, let’s keep dreaming, keep learning, and, most
importantly, keep caring.

Title Analysis
Why "Village People"?
The title Village People reflects the heart of the story—people living in rural Botswana who are struggling with poverty, yet still manage to
support and care for each other. It’s about community, kindness, and hope, even when life feels impossible.

How is the Story Told?

Setting:
The story is set in a rural village in Botswana, where the people are battling poverty, drought, and a tough life.
Plot Structure:
Unlike traditional stories with a beginning, middle, and end, Village People is a bit different. It’s more about showing moments in the lives of
ordinary people who are struggling, but still managing to stay human and hopeful.

Themes Explored
What’s Really Going On?
Poverty and Struggle:
Life for the villagers is tough—really tough. The old woman’s hunger and weakness paint a grim picture of how deep poverty goes. Babies are
dying from malnutrition, and the people have little hope for change, especially with the ongoing drought. It’s a tough reality, but one that the
villagers live with daily.
Kindness and Humanity:
Even though they’re poor, the villagers are rich in kindness. The narrator helps the old woman, and the old woman’s family shows their
gratitude with the little they have—water. It’s a beautiful example of Ubuntu—the idea that humanity is all about caring for one another.
Hope:
Despite the drought and despair, the villagers hold on to hope. They pray for rain, and the narrator hopes that learning English will open up
new opportunities for her. There’s a belief that if they work hard, things might improve.
Tone and Mood
Tone:
Despairing: The opening sentence sets the mood of hopelessness—poverty feels like a permanent, suffocating part of life.
Hopeful: The narrator’s dreams of change—both personal and for the community—bring a hopeful tone to the story.
Mood:
The mood is serious and gloomy in the beginning, as the villagers face drought, hunger, and death. But there’s also a sense of hope and
determination, especially in the second story, where the narrator is determined to improve her life.

Narrator’s Point of View

First Person (in Story Two):
In the second story, the narrator speaks directly to us. She’s a young girl sharing her thoughts, dreams, and hopes for the future.
Third Person (in the Introductory Comments and Story One):
In the first part, the narrator is more like an observer, giving us a bigger picture of life in the village.

Character Analysis
The Old Woman:
She’s a symbol of the struggle, but she’s not ashamed to ask for help.
Her honesty about her hunger and her gratitude make her a deeply relatable character.
The Narrator:
The narrator is a young girl, and in the second story, we see her dreaming big.
She’s not just thinking about how to survive, but how to thrive.
She’s determined and optimistic about the future, even though the world around her is harsh.
Lebenah:
He’s the cousin who believes in the power of education.
He gives the narrator a Geography book and teaches her that learning English can help her change her life.

Literary Devices and Style

Figurative Language: What’s the Story Really Saying?
Simile/Personification:
 “Poverty has a home in Africa... like a quiet second skin.”
 This suggests that poverty is always present, as if it’s physically attached to the people.
 “Her arms were as flat as boards.”
 A simile describing how weak the old woman has become.
Metaphor:
 “The sun is cruel.”
 The sun is portrayed almost like a villain in the story, adding to the harshness of the environment.
Anilysis Sheet
THE LAST BREATH BY SAM KAHIGA
About the Author
Sam Kahiga (Kenya) was born in Utbiru, Kenya in 1946. He studied art and design in Nairobi at the University College, and then worked for
the National Broadcasters becoming a documentary film maker. He later turned to full time writing and has written short stories and novels.
He has also been a musician and a painter.

Summary
Four key players take the stage:
The Narrator: A young man hopelessly in love with Eva.
Eva: The narrator’s blind girlfriend, sweet and strong in her own way.
The Mother: The supportive peacemaker.
The Father: The stubborn patriarch who disapproves of Eva.
The plot twist? The narrator’s father is terminally ill but still meddling in his son’s love life. Despite his objections, the narrator proposes to
Eva with a copper ring (not quite Tiffany’s, but it’s the thought that counts). Eva hesitates, saying she’d rather wait for her cornea transplant.
Little do they know, the transplant will come from the father himself, in an act of ultimate love and sacrifice.

Why The Story Matters

Why It’s Memorable
“The Last Breath” is more than a story about family conflict—it’s about the power of love to heal, even in the darkest moments. It leaves
readers with a message: that true love—whether romantic or familial—requires sacrifice and understanding.
Now, who’s ready to discuss how your own parents might feel about your love life?

Analysis
The Last Breath – A Story of Love, Loss, and Finding the Light
Written by Sam Kahiga, this emotional tale from Kenya is more than just a short story – it’s a heartwarming journey about love, sacrifice, and
family drama worthy of a Netflix special!

Title Analysis
Why It Matters
“The Last Breath” isn’t just poetic; it’s literal. It symbolizes the father’s dying gift — a cornea donation — to help Eva see the world, proving
that even in his final moments, love for his son triumphed over his stubbornness.

How the Story Unfolds

Setting
From a school for the blind to the narrator’s home, the story shifts between places that reflect the emotional highs and lows of the characters.
Structure and Plot Development
Exposition: The father disapproves of Eva and meddles in his son’s life.
Rising Action: Tensions rise as the narrator proposes to Eva despite his father’s objections.
Climax: The father’s death reveals his ultimate act of love—donating his cornea to Eva.
Resolution: Eva gains sight, marries the narrator, and their story becomes a testament to love and sacrifice.

Themes Explored
Love, Kindness, and Selflessness
This story serves love in all its flavors:
Romantic love: The narrator’s devotion to Eva despite societal judgment.
Parental love: The parents’ protective nature, even if it feels overbearing.
Selfless love: The father’s ultimate sacrifice to ensure his son’s happiness.
Organ Donation: Life After Loss
The father’s cornea gift is life-changing for Eva and a gentle reminder that organ donation can bring light (literally!) to someone’s life.
Parental Interference: Drama Alert!
Who hasn’t had their parents meddle in their decisions? The narrator feels suffocated by his father’s controlling nature—especially when it
comes to his career and love life.
Prejudice Against Disabilities: Breaking Barriers
Eva faces prejudice for being blind. The father’s initial disapproval highlights how society often underestimates people with disabilities.
But by the end, even he comes around, showing growth and acceptance.
Tone and Mood
Tone:
 Frustrated and upset (narrator vs. father).
 Sad (the father’s illness).
 Joyful (Eva gains sight and love prevails).
Mood:
 Somber and gloomy at the start.
 Bright and uplifting by the end.

Narrator’s Point of View

The first-person narration pulls us into the narrator’s world. We feel his frustration, love, and eventual understanding of his father’s actions.

Character Analysis
Narrator (Protagonist): Strong-willed, impulsive, and deeply in love with Eva.
Father (Antagonist-turned-Hero): Controlling and judgmental at first but redeems himself through his selfless sacrifice.
Mother: Supportive, sensitive, and the glue holding the family together.
Eva: Confident, optimistic, and a symbol of strength despite her blindness.

Literary Devices and Style

Figurative Language
Metaphors: Highlighting the emotional weight of the narrator’s actions (“I finished a little savagely.”).
Euphemism: Softly hinting at death (“Someone who is about to cross over.”).
THE FUR COAT BY SEAN O'FAOLAIN
About the Author
Sean O’Faolain was born on 22 February 1900 and died in April 20, 1991. He was an Irish writer, considered a master of the short story. He
became the member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), fighting for independence with Great Britain.

Summary
This story is about Molly and Paddy Maguire, a married couple living in Ireland. The couple is not exactly living the high life, and Molly's world
changes when Paddy gets a big promotion. Suddenly, they're on the brink of wealth, and Molly’s thoughts turn to something she’s always
wanted—a fur coat! But not just any fur coat. She dreams of mink, sable, and broadtail furs. Molly is ready for a makeover, believing that a fur
coat will give her the “glamorous life” she’s been dreaming about. Paddy agrees to buy her the coat on credit, but the more she thinks about
it, the more uncertain she becomes. In the end, after all the back-and-forth, Molly decides she doesn’t actually want the fur coat after all.
Classic case of "wanting something and not really knowing why"!

Why The Story Matters

Final Thoughts:
“The Fur Coat” is a playful yet insightful look at how appearances, desires, and social pressures affect our decisions. It reminds us that
sometimes, the things we think we need to be happy might not be what we truly want or need in the end. And hey, who wouldn’t like a good
laugh over someone arguing about a fur coat? At least it keeps things interesting!

Title Analysis
What’s in a Title?
The fur coat is more than just a fancy piece of clothing; it represents a desire for status, wealth, and a symbol of success. But in a deeper
sense, it also represents Molly’s internal conflict between being content with what she has and wanting to appear like someone else, someone
"better."

How the Story Unfolds

The setting is cozy yet tense inside the Maguire household in Ireland. Things start off with Paddy getting a promotion, and Molly, naturally,
wants to celebrate—by shopping for that fabulous fur coat! The rising action builds as Molly just can’t make up her mind, and this causes
some friction between her and Paddy. Eventually, Molly accuses Paddy of being "mean" (even though he’s just being sensible) and storms off,
leaving the situation unresolved. The story ends with Paddy offering her the money for the fur coat, but Molly decides to destroy the cheque
and apologizes. It’s like a clothing-related rollercoaster, but without the actual shopping.

Themes Explored
Desire:
Molly's desire for a fur coat is intense—she thinks it will transform her into the "better version" of herself, someone who belongs with the
wealthy and powerful people her husband now mingles with. It’s almost like she’s buying a ticket to the VIP section of life.
Social Class/Wealth/Hardship:
Molly and Paddy have been through rough patches, especially when Paddy was in prison. But when Paddy gets promoted, they’re suddenly
part of the upper class—or so they think. The fur coat is a way for Molly to bridge the gap between her humble past and the glamorous future
she imagines.
Love and Generosity:
Despite the tension over the fur coat, it’s clear that Paddy loves Molly and wants to make her happy. He’s so generous that he’s willing to buy
her this expensive item to make her feel special.
Appearance:
Molly believes that a fur coat will give her the “power” to stand tall next to all the other fancy women she’ll meet now that Paddy’s job is fancier.
It's all about looking the part, even if you don’t feel it deep down.
Selfishness:
While Paddy is trying to be practical, Molly is more concerned with appearances and what other people will think of her. She’s torn between
her desire for a better life and her own insecurities. She keeps changing her mind—typical when you can’t decide what you actually want,
right?

Tone and Mood

Tone:
The tone is a mix of angry and dissatisfied at the start, as Molly vents about her frustrations. But then, it shifts to a lighter, humorous tone
when the absurdity of the situation kicks in—Molly’s obsessive desire for a fur coat gets a little ridiculous, and we can’t help but laugh at how
seriously she takes it.
Mood:
The mood fluctuates between tense (when they argue) and humorous (when Molly’s wild ideas seem to get the best of her). It's like a tug-of-
war between emotions.
Narrator’s Point of View
The story is told by an outsider (third person). This gives us a little distance from the characters' emotions and allows us to see their actions
and thoughts in full, like watching a reality TV show, but with more depth.

Character Analysis
Molly Maguire:
A woman who’s a bit all over the place—she’s insecure about her looks and her life but still longs to be seen as someone important. She’s
stubborn, proud, and wants the glam life—who doesn't, right? But she doesn’t actually need the fur coat; it’s more about what it represents.
Paddy Maguire:
He’s the calm and practical one. While Molly’s head is spinning with dreams of furs and fancy parties, Paddy just wants to make sure they’re
living sensibly. He loves Molly, even if she’s being a bit difficult (and he has the patience of a saint!).

Literary Devices and Style

Figures of Speech
O’Faolain is a master of figures of speech, making the story come to life with his clever use of language. Here are a few:
Similes:
 “...as if she were throwing sacks of turf...” – A hilarious image of Molly throwing things around in frustration.
 "Crying like a kid" – Because sometimes, we all throw tantrums, even if we’re adults.
Metaphors:
“The years had polished her hard” – This metaphor suggests that life has made Molly tough, like a piece of wood worn smooth by time.
Irony:
Molly calls Paddy mean, but in reality, he’s being incredibly generous. This is a classic example of “you can’t please everyone!”

Style
O'Faolain’s style in this story is humorous and filled with colloquial language. He paints the picture of a domestic dispute in a way that’s
lighthearted, even though the topic itself is a bit tense.
THE DOLL'S HOUSE BY KATHERINE MANSFIELD
About the Author
Katherine Mansfield (14 October 1888 – 9 January 1923) was born to a middle-class family in Wellington, New Zealand. At the age of nine,
she had her first story published, it appeared in The High School Reporter in Wellington, with the editor’s comment that it “shows promise of
great merit.” As a teenager, she had a few stories published in her high school’s magazine.
As a first step to her rebellion against her background, she moved to London in 1903 and studied at Queen’s College, where she joined the
staff of the College Magazine. Returning to New Zealand in 1906, she took up music and became an accomplished cellist (playing a musical
instrument), but her father denied her the opportunity to become a professional musician.

Summary
It All Starts with a Doll’s House
Picture this: A doll’s house so fancy that even Barbie would be jealous. It’s got painted walls, furniture, and a tiny little lamp that steals the
show. This dream dollhouse is sent to the Burnell family, making their three daughters—Isabel, Lottie, and Kezia—happier than kids with Wi-Fi
on a road trip.
The oldest, Isabel, can’t wait to show it off at school, but she’s the bossy queen bee who decides who gets an invite to the dollhouse viewing
party. Spoiler: everyone’s invited except the Kelvey sisters, Lil and Else, because they’re poor, and their dad’s rumored to be in jail. Ouch!
Kezia, the youngest, isn’t about that mean-girl life. She loves the lamp in the dollhouse (symbolizing hope and kindness, BTW) and feels bad
for the Kelveys. So, when she sees them walking by one afternoon, she breaks all the rules and invites them in to see it. This doesn’t sit well
with Aunt Beryl, who storms in like a thundercloud, yelling at everyone and slamming the dollhouse shut. But the moment sticks with Else
Kelvey, who finally speaks and says, “I seen the little lamp.” Cue the goosebumps.

Why The Story Matters

Why It’s More Than Just a Story
At first glance, this is just a tale about kids and a doll’s house. But dig deeper, and you’ll see it’s really about the world we live in—how unfair it
can be and how little acts of kindness can light up someone’s life, just like that tiny lamp lit up Else Kelvey’s world.
So, the next time you see someone sitting alone or being treated unfairly, think of Kezia. Be the person who invites them in. After all, it’s the
little things, like a small lamp or a kind gesture, that can make a big difference.

Analysis
What’s the Big Deal About the Doll’s House?
The doll’s house isn’t just a toy. It’s like a status update saying, “We’re rich and important.” But the smell of paint? That’s a metaphor for all the
snobbery and class prejudice stinking up the Burnell family. Gross, right?

Title Analysis
What’s in a Title?
The fur coat is more than just a fancy piece of clothing; it represents a desire for status, wealth, and a symbol of success. But in a deeper
sense, it also represents Molly’s internal conflict between being content with what she has and wanting to appear like someone else, someone
"better."

Themes Explored
What We’re Really Talking About
Social Class and Prejudice
The Burnells are rich and popular. The Kelveys? Not so much. They’re treated like outcasts just because they’re poor, and their dad’s in jail.
Even the teachers at school give them weird, pitying smiles. It’s a harsh reminder of how society divides people over money and gossip.
Hope for a Better Tomorrow
Kezia is a total game-changer. While everyone else treats the Kelveys like they’re invisible, she sees them as equals. Her kindness shows that
maybe, just maybe, the future doesn’t have to be so unfair.
Poverty
The Kelveys don’t have much. Their mom sews their clothes from old curtains, and their school lunches are jam sandwiches wrapped in
newspaper. But despite everything, they find joy in small moments—like seeing a tiny lamp in a doll’s house.
Innocence vs. Cruelty
The girls at school are mean to the Kelveys, but they’re just copying what they’ve learned from adults. It’s like a game of Monkey See, Monkey
Do, except with gossip and prejudice. Kezia breaks the cycle with her innocent, open heart.

Tone and Mood

Tone:
The story swings between cruel (when people treat the Kelveys badly) and hopeful (when Kezia steps in). It’s a rollercoaster of emotions.
Mood:
Sometimes it’s sad and cold, like the way society treats the Kelveys. But there’s also warmth and optimism, especially when Kezia invites
them to see the lamp.
Character Analysis
Kezia Burnell
Think of her as the hero of the story. She’s kind, brave, and doesn’t care about the dumb rules of class. When she invites the Kelveys over,
she proves that kindness beats snobbery any day.
Isabel Burnell
The bossy big sister who loves being the center of attention. She’s all about showing off and looking down on others. Classic queen bee.
Lil Kelvey
The older Kelvey sister. She’s shy and knows her place in this unfair world but still tries to protect her little sister.
Else Kelvey
Quiet, mysterious, and full of heart. When she says, “I seen the little lamp,” it’s like she’s saying, “I see hope.”
Aunt Beryl
She’s like the villain in this story, scolding Kezia and chasing the Kelveys away. But honestly, she’s probably just unhappy with her own life.

Anilysis Sheet
A CHIP OF RUBY GLASS BY NADINE GORDIMER
About the Author
Nadine Gordimer (20 November 1923 – 13 July 2014) is a South African writer, political and recipient of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature.
She was recognized as a woman “who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to
humanity”. Gordimer’s writing dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly Apartheid in South Africa. Under that regime, works such as
Burger’s Daughter and July’s People were banned. She was active in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress
during the days when the organization was banned, and gave Nelson Mandela advice on his famous 1964 defense speech at the trial which
led to his conviction for life. She was also active in HIV/AIDS causes.

Summary
Meet Zanip Bamjee, a fiery, determined Indian-African Muslim woman who’s out to change the world. She lives in a rundown neighborhood in
South Africa with her family—her husband Mr. Bamjee, and their nine kids.
Now, Zanip’s got a passion for justice, and she’s not afraid to show it. She’s all about printing leaflets and rallying against the racist government,
knowing that the system that’s crushing black communities is bound to target everyone who isn’t white, including her own. Jimmy, her teenage
son, is totally on board. They both want to fight for a fair world.
Mr. Bamjee, however, is not having it. He’s a more cautious guy, not thrilled about Zanip putting herself—and their family—in danger. Their
world becomes divided: Zanip is out there fighting for what’s right, while Mr. Bamjee sits at home, stressing about the trouble they could get into.
Girlie, their daughter, is like her mother—she’s supportive of the cause, but Mr. Bamjee can’t seem to understand why his family is so caught
up in this mess.
In the end, Zanip gets arrested for her activism, leaving her family to deal with the consequences. But she’s not backing down. Even in jail, she
goes on a hunger strike to keep fighting for justice. Mr. Bamjee? He’s stuck in his own selfish mindset, but even he starts to see the strength
and courage in his wife, realizing just what attracted him to her in the first place.

Why The Story Matters

And that’s the story of A Chip of Glass Ruby—a powerful reminder that standing up for what’s right can cost you, but it’s a fight worth having.
Whether you’re standing up for your own people or just fighting for what’s fair, change doesn’t come easy—but that’s how revolutions begin!

Title Analysis
Let’s break this down. "A chip of glass ruby" isn’t just a fancy phrase. On the surface, it refers to the little pieces of jewelry that Indian women
wear in their noses—called a nose stud. But symbolically? It’s all about Zanip Bamjee. Just like that small, precious ruby, Zanip is fragile, yet
she’s a shining beacon of hope in a world full of darkness (hello, apartheid).

How is the Story Told?

Setting
Picture a poor neighborhood during apartheid. You’ve got Indian and African families all living under the oppressive weight of a government
that’s doing everything it can to break them down. The tension is thick, and life is hard, but the people here are determined to make their
voices heard.
Structure and Plot Development
Exposition:
The story kicks off with a conversation between Zanip and Mr. Bamjee. It’s clear they’re worlds apart when it comes to politics and activism.
Rising Action:
Zanip starts getting deeply involved in anti-apartheid activities. Meanwhile, Mr. Bamjee gets more and more frustrated.
Climax:
The special police arrive at the Bamjee home to arrest Zanip. Mr. Bamjee is angry, not at the system, but at his wife for causing trouble.
Resolution:
Zanip’s absence creates a void in the house. Girlie visits her mom in prison, while Mr. Bamjee begins to process his feelings.
Themes Explored
Sacrifice
Zanip is the definition of selflessness. She risks everything—her freedom, her family’s safety—to fight for what’s right. She spends her nights
printing protest leaflets and isn’t afraid to face the consequences. Her sacrifice is deep—she leaves her kids behind when she’s arrested, and
even in prison, she goes on hunger strike for the cause.
Discrimination/Racial Prejudice
Apartheid is everywhere. Non-white people are treated like second-class citizens. Mr. Bamjee’s mom is forced to move out of her home, and
the family faces constant humiliation from both the system and people around them. Poor Ahmed, Zanip’s son, gets mocked at school just for
having a mom who’s fighting for equality. It’s a tough world, but they’re not giving up.
Selfishness
While Zanip is out there making waves for justice, Mr. Bamjee just wants to keep his head down. He’s selfish, unconcerned about what’s
happening to the people around him, especially the black and Indian communities. When his wife is arrested, he sulks and blames her for the
whole situation. But what’s worse? He can’t even bring himself to comfort their kids.
Commitment
Zanip’s commitment to her family and the cause is unstoppable. She’s doing everything she can to make a difference, even when it means
facing prison. Mr. Bamjee, on the other hand, has to take a long, hard look at what really matters, realizing, perhaps a little too late, that he’s
not living up to the ideals his wife has always shown him.
Change
Zanip’s courage forces everyone around her to change. Even Mr. Bamjee, who’s been stubborn and self-centered, starts to realize why he fell
in love with Zanip. It’s not just about their differences—it’s about their shared values, and what truly matters in the world.
Love/Compassion
Zanip’s love for her family is clear, even from behind bars. She’s thinking about her husband’s birthday, even as she’s in prison. Her children,
Jimmy and Girlie, are supportive and understanding, showing the true meaning of love in action. Meanwhile, Mr. Bamjee, for all his faults,
starts to recognize the love that binds his family together.

Tone and Mood

Tone:
The tone is a mix of sarcastic (when Mr. Bamjee and Jimmy talk about Ahmed’s school humiliation) and hopeful (as Mr. Bamjee finally realizes
what his wife was fighting for).
Mood:
The story feels secretive, especially when characters hide their true feelings, and there’s a sense of tension as the family deals with Zanip’s
arrest. But there’s hope in the air too, as Mr. Bamjee starts to change.

Narrator’s Point of View

The story is told from the third-person perspective, so we get a wider look at everyone’s struggles and feelings.
The narrator gives us the chance to understand everyone’s point of view, from Zanip’s fiery passion to Mr. Bamjee’s internal conflict.

Character Analysis
Yusuf Bamjee:
 He’s a loving father, but doesn’t show it much.
 He’s conservative, self-centered, and has a touch of racial prejudice.
 He’s ultimately forced to reflect on his own attitudes.
Zanip Bamjee:
 She’s selfless, loving, and totally fearless.
 Her commitment to the cause—and her family—is rock-solid.
 She’s the epitome of bravery, standing up for what’s right, no matter the cost.
Girlie:
 Zanip’s eldest daughter, who’s all in on her mom’s activism.
 She’s got a modern streak (wearing lipstick, not typical for an Indian girl back then).
 She visits her mom in prison, showing just how much she cares.
Jimmy:
 Zanip’s son from her previous marriage.
 He’s a 15-year-old who’s already clued in to the racial injustices of apartheid.
 He’s all in for the cause, and even gives his mom his jersey to wear in jail.

Literary Devices and Style

Figurative Language
Simile: “Her hands shook like a very old person’s…” – the image of age and fragility, showing how Zanip’s strength is sometimes pushed to the
limit.
Metaphor: “He had become the ghost of a victim…” – This paints Mr. Bamjee as a hollow version of himself after the arrest of his wife.
Irony: Mr. Bamjee complains about his wife getting arrested, but never once wonders why she’s doing it. He just focuses on how it’s an
inconvenience for him.
Anilysis Sheet