Drinking Water Storage System Bottle (http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Bottle)

A bottle is a rigid container with a neck that is narrower than the body and a "mouth". By contrast, a jar has a relatively large mouth or opening. Bottles are often made of glass, clay, plastic, aluminum or other impervious materials, and typically used to store liquids such as water, milk, soft drinks, beer, and wine, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, ink and chemicals. A device applied in the bottling line to seal the mouth of a bottle is termed an external bottle cap, closure, or internal stopper. A bottle can also be sealed by a conductive "inner seal" by using induction sealing. The bottle has developed over millennia of use, with some of the earliest examples appearing in China, Phoenicia, Rome and Crete. The Chinese used bottles to store liquids. Bottles are often recycled according to the SPI recycling code for the material. Some regions have a legally mandated deposit which is refunded after returning the bottle to the retailer.

Etymology
First attested in English 14th century, the word "bottle" derives from old French "boteille", which comes from vulgar Latin "butticula", itself from late Latin "buttis" meaning "cask", which is perhaps the Romanization of the Greek "" (bouttis), "vessel".[1][2]

History
Since prehistoric times, bottle containers were created from clay or asphaltum sealed woven containers. Early glass bottles were produced by the Phoenicians; specimens of Phoenician translucent and transparent glass bottles have been found in Cyprus and Rhodes generally varying in length from three to six inches.[3] These Phoenician examples from the first millennium BC were thought to have been used for perfume.[4] The Romans learned glassmaking from the Phoenicians and produced many extant examples of fine glass bottles, mostly relatively small.

Glass Bottle

A glass bottle is a bottle created from glass. Glass bottles can vary in size considerably, but are most commonly found in sizes ranging between about 10ml and 5 litres. The history of glass can be traced back to at least 12,000 BC where glass coated objects have been found.[1] Millions of glass bottles are created worldwide every day. In the US, there is an average of at least two bottle-making factories in each county. It is a highly mechanized process, and the bottles in use now are no longer hand blown as they were in the past.[citation needed] A glass bottle is 100% recyclable with many new bottles containing glass which was created over 20 years ago. Less energy is used in recycling a glass bottle than creating the glass from raw materials, helping the environment.[2] When glass bottles of liquid are dropped or subjected to shock, the water hammer effect may cause hydrodynamic glass breakage.[3][4] Glass bottles manufacturing takes place over several stages. To briefly outline the processes from beginning to end: raw material, melting, forming, annealing, physical inspection, machine & laser inspection, physical inspection (second time), quality control, and finally packing.[5] To strengthen glass bottles, the process of lamination is sometimes done. Laminated safety glass is made by combining a layer of plastic over glass. When a non-laminated bottle is dropped, the glass breaks sending pieces of glass everywhere. When a laminated bottle is dropped, the glass still breaks, though the outer layer of plastic contains the broken pieces of glass.[1] Once formation is complete, some bottles may suffer from stress as a result of unequal cooling rates. An annealing oven can be used to reheat and cool glass containers to rectify stress and make the bottle stronger. [6]

Glass Information

Natural Glass: Unlike plastic glass was not invented, rather it has been advanced. Although most all of the glass we find is manmade, glass can still be found in nature. Natural glass is the result of certain types of rocks being heated to a high temperature by way of lighting, meteorites, or volcanic eruptions and then cooling rapidly without the formation of crystals. Obsidian is a volcanic glass that may be clear, black, brown or even green in color. Obsidian is formed by rapidly cooled lava. The earliest use of obsidian was for knives, spear tips and jewelry. The history of glass can be traced back to at least 12,000 BC where glass coated object have been found. Glass Properties Structure: Glass is a mixture of sand, soda and lime, heated to a high temperature until the materials become a liquid, known as molten. Once the materials are combined in a liquid molten the mixture is then cooled to a ridged condition without crystallization. Glass is often described as an amorphous solid; a solid is a ridged material that does not flow when subjected to moderate forces. A material is amorphous when its molecules have no regularity in their arrangement on a scale larger then a few times the size of the molecular constituents. Strength: At a simple level the structure of glass is strong, though glass itself is a brittle material. A process called tampering can strengthen glass, tampering is achieved when the glass surface is cooled more rapidly then the middle. By doing this it causes the surface to become ridged first and when the interior cools and contracts it pulls on the surface, causing a residual compressive stress. Tampered glass still looks and feels the same as regular glass it is just more durable. Another way glass is strengthened is by laminating it. Laminated safety glass is made by combining a layer of plastic over glass. In a nonlaminated bottle is dropped the glass would break sending pieces of glass in different direction. If a laminated bottle is dropped, the glass will still break though the outer layer of plastic will contain the broken pieces of glass.

The more silica added to the molten mixture will increases the expansion coefficient which will make the glass more resistant to breaking cause by temperature fluctuation. Color: Colored glass is obtained when certain compounds are added to the liquid molten mixtures. Chromates are used for green glass, copper and cobalt for blue, copper or selenium for red and manganese for purple, brown is made by adding a combination of iron and sulfur. Colored glass not only is visually stimulating it also serves a purpose. For light sensitive materials, brown or amber glass is most commonly used to protect light sensitive substances because amber glass is formulated to absorb light in the ultra violate region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Plastic bottle

Plastic bottles range from very small sample bottles to large carboys. The plastic is strain oriented in the stretch blow molding manufacturing process. A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed of plastic, with a neck that is narrower than its body and an opening at the top. The mouth of the bottle is normally sealed with a plastic bottle cap.[1] Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, milk, and ink. The size ranges from very small sample bottles to large carboys. This article provides a description of common plastic container resin materials, their qualities, usages, and limitations.

Aluminum bottle The aluminum beverage bottle, launched in 2002, also known as a bottlecan, is made of recyclable aluminum with a resealable lug cap that fits onto a plastic sleeve. Some studies have concluded that aluminum provides for increased insulation keeping beverages cooler longer than glass.

The aluminium beverage bottle, also referred to in Asia as the bottlecan, is a bottle made entirely of aluminium that holds beer, soft drinks, alternative beverages and wine.
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