Task 7: Topic of each paragraph
1. Paragraph 1 - Introduction to satellite communication systems and Morse code as
backup communication
2. Paragraph 2 - History and development of Morse code by Samuel Morse
3. Paragraph 3 - Modern military applications and training in Morse code
4. Paragraph 4 - Current status and future of Morse code technology
Task 8: Multiple choice questions (1-6)
1. B - suggest that satellite communication is unreliable Explanation: The writer
mentions the possibility of satellite systems failing and the need for a backup plan
2. D - is simple enough for anyone who can type Explanation: The text states "it is
simple enough for anyone who can type the fastest Morse code"
3. A - old-fashioned, but attracts many enthusiasts Explanation: The author calls it a
"dying art" but mentions enthusiasts who still use it
4. C - suggests that the railway developed because of Morse telegraphy Explanation:
The text explains how the telegraph helped railway development by coordinating train
movements
5. A - needs simple communication methods Explanation: Military requires reliable,
simple communication methods in various conditions
6. C - was used for commercial purposes Explanation: The first message was sent for
commercial purposes, as mentioned in the text
Task 9a: Words associated with communication satellite-based, communications,
telegraphy, transmission, signals, radio, distress call, broadcasting, operators, messages,
etc.
Task 9b: Explanation of highlighted words
● dimly-lit - poorly illuminated, with little light
● tedious - boring, repetitive, time-consuming
● distress - emergency situation requiring immediate help
● adrift - floating without direction or control
Task 10: Complete the sentences
The old man groped around about the dimly-lit room for his slippers Explanation: "Groped
around" is better because it specifically means to search by feeling with hands in the dark,
which fits perfectly with "dimly-lit room"
I wanted to get up and leave because the speech was so tedious Explanation: "Tedious" fits
perfectly as it means boring and tiresome, which would make someone want to leave
Good letter writing is fast becoming a rare thing/dying art Explanation: "Dying art" is the
better choice because it refers to a traditional skill that is disappearing, which matches "good
letter writing"
The sailor was adrift at to sea for four days before he was rescued Explanation: "Adrift"
means floating without control at sea, which is the appropriate maritime term for a sailor's
situation
The sinking ship sent out a distress call Explanation: "Distress call" is the correct maritime
term for an emergency signal sent by ships in danger, more specific than just "message"
The secretary busily pressed/pecked away at the keyboard of her word processor
Explanation: "Busily" describes the manner of working actively and energetically, which fits
better with typing at a keyboard
Task 11: Answer the questions
1. What does the writer mean by saying that Morse code "has survived the
assault of higher technology for over a century and a half" (lines 14-15)? The
writer means that despite the development of advanced modern technologies like
radio, television, and computers, Morse code has continued to exist and remain
useful for over 150 years.
2. What does the writer mean by saying the phrase "It is a seemingly tedious
procedure" (lines 21-22)? The writer means that learning and using Morse code
appears to be a boring, repetitive, and time-consuming process to most people.
3. What does the writer imply about the military and "the most serious users of
Morse telegraphy" (lines 59-60)? The writer implies that the military represents the
most dedicated and professional users of Morse telegraphy, taking it seriously for
practical communication purposes.
4. What are the two major advantages of Morse code transmissions over voice
transmissions, as discussed in paragraph 6? The two major advantages are:
faster transmission speed (Morse code signals require much less broadcasting
power than voice messages) and better reliability in poor conditions (unclear Morse
signals can still be interpreted, whereas distorted voice transmissions are virtually
useless).
мTask 14: Collocations
B. Possible combinations:
● pause abruptly/diplomatically/angrily
● instruct gently/firmly/enthusiastically
● comfort gently/enthusiastically
● smile diplomatically/enthusiastically
● cheer enthusiastically/angrily
● shrug indifferently/abruptly
a. Fill in the collocations:
● a. dead, colloquial language
● b. damaging, informative report
● c. animated, heated discussion
● d. kind, profound words
● e. political, rousing speech
● f. confidential, pertinent information
● g. informal, intellectual conversation
b. Use one adjective from each pair to complete each of the sentences:
1. The coach gave a rousing speech to his team as they prepared for the game.
Explanation: A coach would give a motivational, inspiring speech before a game
2. The students had a(n) animated discussion about text messaging, which is one of
their favourite pastimes. Explanation: Students would have a lively, energetic
discussion about something they enjoy
3. Despite his lack of formal education, he was perfectly capable of engaging in
intellectual conversation. Explanation: This shows he could participate in
sophisticated, thoughtful discussions
4. You must avoid using colloquial language when writing a university essay.
Explanation: Academic writing requires formal language, not informal/everyday
expressions
5. Thank you for your kind words, but I really feel that Ian also deserves some praise.
Explanation: Someone is thanking for nice, considerate comments
6. The factory was closed down after the publication of the damaging report.
Explanation: A report that caused harm to the factory's reputation led to its closure
7. I'm sorry, but I am really not at liberty to reveal such confidential information.
Explanation: The speaker cannot share secret or private information
ПРО ТЕЛЕФОН
plug - You "plug in" electrical devices to connect them to power
● plug = to connect to an electrical socket
catch - You "catch" or secure the battery in place
● catch = a fastener or mechanism that holds something in place
compartment - A battery goes into a "compartment" (enclosed space)
● compartment = a separate section or enclosed space for storing something
receiver - The "receiver" is the handset part of a phone you hold
● receiver = the part of a telephone that you hold to your ear and mouth
display - Electronic devices have a "display" screen showing information
● display = a screen that shows information or numbers
Form - "Form" the connection or "Form '000'" makes sense in context
● form = to create or establish (in this case, a phone number)
keypad - You use the "keypad" to dial numbers
● keypad = the set of buttons with numbers on a phone
conventional - A "conventional" phone means a traditional/standard phone
● conventional = traditional, standard, or usual type
MR MORE
stern - This describes a serious, strict, or forbidding appearance
● stern = serious and demanding exact conformity to rules; severe in manner or
expression
sharp - Refers to abrupt, harsh, or cutting manners/behavior
● sharp = (of words or manner) harsh or critical; quick to criticize
scowling - This means looking angry or threatening with a dark facial expression
● scowling = having an angry or threatening expression; frowning angrily
munch - This fits the context of eating or chewing something (likely food during instruction)
● munch = to chew steadily and audibly
staring - Looking fixedly at someone, which fits with the menacing behavior described
● staring = looking fixedly or vacantly at someone or something
16
scream / shriek
● Both express loud, high-pitched sounds of fear when seeing a spider
subtleties / tones
● When reading, you can appreciate the subtle meanings and emotional tones better
than when listening
absorb / comprehend
● Both mean to take in and understand information fully
shortcut / minimalist
● Both describe a brief, reduced style of internet communication
verbose / long-winded
● Both describe someone who uses too many words; her style was wordy and tedious
muttered / stuttered
● Both describe unclear speech when someone is nervous or embarrassed
tone / expression
● Both refer to the manner of speaking that conveys attitude (sarcastic in this case)
clear / striking
● Both describe examples that are obvious and easy to notice
17 18
Task 17a: Fill in ON or ABOUT
argue about (sth) – to have a disagreement concerning something
be intent on (sth/doing sth) – to be determined or focused on something
boast about (sth) – to talk with pride about something
lecture on (sth) – to give a formal talk about a subject
lecture (sb) about (sth) – to scold or give advice about behavior
act on (sth) – to take action based on information or advice
experiment on (sth/sb) – to test or carry out experiments using someone/something
insist on (sth/doing sth) – to demand firmly or persistently
be excited about (sth) – to feel happy and enthusiastic regarding something
comment on (sth) – to give an opinion about something
Example sentences:
1. They always argue about money.
2. She was intent on finishing her project.
3. He likes to boast about his achievements.
4. The professor will lecture on ancient history.
5. My mother lectures me about my messy room.
6. We need to act on this information immediately.
7. Scientists experiment on lab rats.
8. I insist on seeing the manager.
9. The children are excited about the school trip.
10.Please comment on my presentation.
Task 17b: Fill in FOR or FROM
for fear of (sth/doing sth) – because you are afraid that something bad might happen
for sb’s sake – for the benefit of someone; to help or protect someone
from time to time – occasionally; sometimes
for the time being – for now; temporarily
in memory (of sb/sth) – as a way of remembering someone/something
take sth for granted – to fail to appreciate something because it seems normal or always
available
from now on – starting now and continuing into the future
for sure – definitely; without a doubt
Example sentences:
1. She has a fear of spiders.
2. Please be quiet for the baby's sake.
3. We meet from time to time for coffee.
4. For the time being, we'll stay here.
5. They built a monument in memory of the soldiers.
6. Don't take your health for granted.
7. From now on, I'll be more careful.
8. I know for sure that he's coming.
Task 17c: Fill in ON or IN
on the premises – inside the building/area belonging to someone
on duty – officially working or responsible at that time
on an island – located on an island
in procession – moving forward as part of an organized group (e.g., parade, ceremony)
in the name of (sb/sth) – for the sake of or representing someone/something
on leave – away from work with official permission (e.g., holiday, sick leave)
in jest – as a joke; not seriously
on strike – refusing to work as a form of protest
Example sentences:
1. No smoking is allowed on the premises.
2. The security guard is on duty tonight.
3. They live on a small island.
4. The wedding party walked in procession to the church.
5. We arrest you in the name of the law.
6. He's on leave for two weeks.
7. I said it in jest - I wasn't being serious.
8. The workers are on strike for better wages.
📝 Вправа 18 (Idioms)
1. He tries to paint a pretty picture of being an actor, but he’s been unemployed for six
months.
2. If you can promise to be discreet, I’ll let you in on a secret.
3. I’m not going to mince my words – I think your behaviour was absolutely
disgraceful.
4. Let me show you how the fax machine works rather than talk about it. After all, talk is
cheap.
5. I was very angry with him, but I decided to hold my tongue, because he’s very old.
6. The local boy who won the National Lottery is the talk of the town.
7. On the rare occasions Arnold speaks, he never says much; he is a man of few
words.
8. We spent most of our date talking about the weather, and generally making small
talk.
9. Feel free to speak your mind about the proposal; I value your opinion, even if you
disagree.
10.This restaurant doesn’t advertise; its reputation has grown by word of mouth alone.
● paint a pretty picture – to describe something in a positive way, often hiding the
negative side.
● let (someone) in on a secret – to share a secret with someone.
● not mince (your) words – to speak very directly, without trying to be polite.
● talk is cheap – it’s easy to say things, but actions matter more.
● hold (your) tongue – to keep silent instead of saying something.
● the talk of the town – something or someone everyone in a place is talking about.
● a man of few words – a person who doesn’t talk much.
● make small talk – to talk politely about unimportant things (e.g., weather).
● speak your mind – to say honestly what you think.
Вправа 19
1. The letter doesn’t mention Bob’s name, but when you read between the lines, you
can tell it’s about him.
○ read between the lines = to understand a hidden meaning.
2. It’s been such a long time since I saw Jo; I’m dying to catch up with her news.
○ catch up with = to talk to someone after a long time and learn their news.
3. If you really enjoyed this novel, if you ever come to New York, drop me a line so I
can return the book.
○ drop someone a line = to write a short letter/message to someone.
4. She had that man’s name on the tip of her tongue, but she couldn’t remember it.
○ on the tip of your tongue = when you almost remember something, but not
quite.
5. Everyone was surprised to hear about her illness; bad news travels fast.
○ bad news travels fast = people spread bad news quickly.
вправа б
i adore people that dont mince their words you always know exactly what he thinks.
His speech sounded positive, but if you read between the lines, it’s clear th
Вправа 20
Завдання: Fill in the gaps with an appropriate particle, then explain the meaning of the
completed phrasal verbs.
1. My computer has been acting up lately. It keeps crashing.
○ act up = to not work properly, cause problems.
2. The signal started to break up and then the radio went dead.
○ break up = to become weak and unclear (signal, voice).
3. Negotiations between the two organisations appear to have broken down.
○ break down = to fail completely (talks, system).
4. Communication often involves performance: that is, the acting out of the roles of
transmitter and receiver.
○ act out = to express or perform something (often emotions or roles).
5. A computer at the main telephone exchange has broken down, causing a lot of
problems.
○ break down = to stop working (machines).
6. The operator broke in on our conversation to tell me I had an emergency call.
○ break in on = to interrupt.
7. She broke off in mid-sentence when she heard someone enter the room.
○ break off = to suddenly stop speaking or doing something.
8. Several leading members broke away from the party and set up an independent
parliamentary bloc.
○ break away = to separate from a group.
9. The flu epidemic which has broken out in Asia and Europe is caused by a new type
of virus.
○ break out = to start suddenly (disease, war, fire).
📝 Вправа 21 (Fixed Phrases)
Завдання: Rewrite the sentences using a fixed phrase containing the verbs act or break.
1. Mary told her brother to stop behaving so childishly. (age)
→ Mary told her brother to act his age.
○ act your age = behave in a way suitable for your age.
2. Her sister took her aside to tell her what had happened. (news)
→ Her sister took her aside to break the news to her.
○ break the news = to tell someone important or bad news.
3. If you want to convince them you really are a tough businessman, you’ll have to
behave like one. (part)
→ You’ll have to act the part.
○ act the part = to behave in a way that is expected in a certain role.
4. Although it is not yet making a profit, the company does not owe any money. (even)
→ The company has broken even.
○ break even = when costs and income are equal (no profit, no loss).
5. We were told not to communicate by radio except in an emergency. (silence)
→ We were told to keep radio silence in an emergency.
○ keep (radio) silence = to not speak or send messages.
