Curriculum and Material
Development Approaches
Communicative, CBI, CLIL, TBLT, and ESP
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Curriculum Focus:
Language use in real contexts.
Language function is prioritized over linguistic form.
Material Development:
Authentic dialogue, role-play, simulations, problem-solving.
The material emphasizes fluency first, followed by accuracy.
Advantages:
Improves practical communication skills, learning motivation, and active student participation.
Weaknesses:
Sometimes insufficient attention is paid to systematic grammatical accuracy.
Curriculum Focus:
Language is taught alongside academic content.
Language learning is integrated with subject learning.
Material Development:
Scientific articles, research reports, academic texts.
Content-Based Focus on specific disciplinary topics (e.g., economics,
Instruction (CBI) science).
Advantages:
Provides meaningful context for language learning,
supporting academic skills.
Disadvantages:
Can be too challenging if students lack sufficient
background knowledge.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Curriculum Focus:
Balance between content outcomes and language outcomes.
Material Development:
Subject matter (e.g., Biology, Mathematics) with language scaffolding.
Teachers adapt language to ensure the content is understandable.
Advantages:
Provides contextual learning experiences, improving cognitive academic language
proficiency (CALP).
Disadvantages:
Requires teachers who master both the content and the target language.
Ask-Based Language Teaching
(TBLT)
Curriculum Focus:
The learning process is based on tasks
Advantages:
(real-life assignments)
Authentic, improves problem-solving and
Assignments serve as learning tools, not
collaboration skills.
just exercises.
Disadvantages:
Material Development:
Difficult if students lack sufficient
Real-life tasks: making reservations,
vocabulary or basic grammar.
interviews, negotiations, and
presentations.
Activities have a pre-task → task cycle
→ post-task phase.
English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
Curriculum Focus:
Language teaching is based on specific academic, professional, or vocational
needs.
Material Development:
English for Academic Purposes (EAP): for academic study purposes.
English for Occupational Purposes (EOP): for work purposes (business,
medical, tourism, etc.).
The material is contextual, technical, and relevant to students' needs.
Strengths: Effective, practical, and aligned with real-world learning objectives.
Weaknesses: Not all teachers are capable of designing specific materials tailored
to specific fields.
Terima
Kasih
