Conditional Sentences (If-conditions)
Definition:
Conditional sentences show a situation and its result.
("If something happens, then something else will happen.")
Shart gaplar (if-conditions) bir voqea bo‘lsa, ikkinchi voqea sodir bo‘lishini bildiradi.
("Agar … bo‘lsa, unda … bo‘ladi.")
1. Zero Conditional (Always true – Facts & Rules)
Form:
If + Present Simple, Present Simple
Meaning: General truth, scientific facts, rules.
Examples:
● If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
(Agar suvni 100°C ga qizdirsangiz, u qaynaydi.)
● If people don’t eat, they die.
(Agar odamlar ovqatlanmasa, ular o‘ladilar.)
2. First Conditional (Real Future)
Form:
If + Present Simple, will + V1
Meaning: A real possibility in the future.
Examples:
● If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
(Agar ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘sa, biz uyda qolamiz.)
● If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
(Agar yaxshilab o‘qisang, imtihondan o‘tasan.)
3. Second Conditional (Unreal Present / Future)
Form:
If + Past Simple, would + V1
Meaning: Imaginary or unreal situation (hozir yoki kelajak uchun tasavvur).
Examples:
● If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
(Agar menda million dollar bo‘lsa edi, katta uy sotib olardim.)
● If she were here, she would help us.
(Agar u shu yerda bo‘lsa edi, bizga yordam berardi.)
Note: We often use "were" for all subjects in formal English.
4. Third Conditional (Unreal Past)
Form:
If + Past Perfect, would have + V3
Meaning: Imaginary past situation (bo‘lib o‘tmagan narsani afsus bilan aytish).
Examples:
● If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test.
(Agar ko‘proq/qattiqroq o‘qigan bo‘lsam edi, imtihondan o‘tgan bo‘lardim.)
● If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
(Agar ular ertaroq chiqqan bo‘lishsa edi, poyezdga ulgurishardi.)
5. Mixed Conditional (Unreal Past + Unreal Present)
Form:
If + Past Perfect, would + V1
Meaning: Past action → Present result. ( O‘tgan davrdagi voqea sodir bo‘lmagani
sababli, hozirgi paytdagi vaziyat boshqacha bo‘lyapti.)
Examples:
● If I had gone to bed earlier, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
(Agar men ertaroq uxlagan bo‘lsam edi, hozir bunchalik charchamagan
bo‘lardim.)
● If I had studied harder, I would have a better job now.
(Agar men ko‘proq/qattiqroq o‘qigan bo‘lsam edi, hozir yaxshiroq ishga ega
bo‘lardim.)
● If they had saved more money, they wouldn’t be poor now.
(Agar ular ko‘proq pul yig‘ishgan bo‘lsa edi, hozir kambag‘al bo‘lmasdilar.)
Agar o‘tmishda shunday bo‘lganda, hozir bunday bo‘lardi.
Extra:
● Zero → Fact (always true)
● First → Real Future
● Second → Unreal Now/Future
● Third → Unreal Past
● Mixed → Unreal Past → Unreal Present
Detailed Formula for Each
1. Zero Conditional
If + subject + V1(s/es), subject + V1(s/es)
● If you eat too much, you get fat.
( Agar sen ko‘p yeb qo‘ysang, semirasan.)
2. First Conditional
If + subject + V1(s/es), subject + will + V1
● If he calls, I will answer.
( Agar u qo‘ng‘iroq qilsa, men javob beraman.)
3. Second Conditional
If + subject + V2/were, subject + would + V1
● If I were you, I would take the job.
( Agar men sening o‘rningda bo‘lsam edi, ishni olardim.)
Note: Always use were (formal), but "was" is common in speaking.
4. Third Conditional
If + subject + had + V3, subject + would have + V3
● If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
( Agar u o‘qigan bo‘lsa edi, imtihondan o‘tgan bo‘lardi.)
5. Mixed Conditional
If + subject + had + V3, subject + would + V1
● If I had saved money, I would buy a car now.
(Agar pul yig‘gan bo‘lsam edi, hozir mashina sotib olardim.)
