PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LHAPCHU

PROJECT COST MANAGEEMNT 18180754

LIFE CYCLE COSTING

FOR PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT

PRJM 6001

SUBMITTED BY LHAPCHU

STUDENT ID: 18180754

Word count: 3360

Gordon Yong
Lecturer Project Cost Management PRJM 6001
Curtin University, Australia
PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LIFE CYCLE COSTING LHAPCHU
PROJECT COST MANAGEEMNT 18180754

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................1

2.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1

3.0 ASSUMPTIONS...........................................................................................................2

4.0 CAPITAL COST...........................................................................................................3

4.1 Manufacturer Retail Price.......................................................................................................3

4.2 Stamp Duty of the Car............................................................................................................4
4.3 Licensing fee............................................................................................................................4
4.4 Delivery Charges.....................................................................................................................6
4.5 Summary of Drive away cost.................................................................................................6
5.0 OPERATIONAL COST................................................................................................6

5.1 Repayment of loan..................................................................................................................6

5.2 License renewal fee................................................................................................................7
5.3 Insurance coverage and premium.........................................................................................7
5.4 Fuel consumption....................................................................................................................8
5.5 Service charges.......................................................................................................................9
5.6 Tyre replacement.....................................................................................................................9
5.7 Maintenance cost.....................................................................................................................9
5.8 Resale value of the Car........................................................................................................10
6 DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW METHOD AND NET PRESENT VALUE................11

6.1 Real Discount Rate ‘R’:.........................................................................................................11

6.2 Inflation Rate ‘i’:.....................................................................................................................11
6.3 Present value factor..............................................................................................................12
It the factor which discounts or brings the future amount value in present state for
comparison..........................................................................................................................................12
7 LIFE CYCLE COSTING OF PETROL ENGINE CAR.............................................13

8 LIFE CYCLE COSTING OF HYBRID ENGINE CAR..............................................14

9 CONCLUSIONS.........................................................................................................15

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10 RECOMMENDATIONS:............................................................................................15

11 REFERENCE ANNEXURE..........................................................................................

1. Annexure-i: Features of two car and Retail price...................................................

2. Annexure-ii: Stamp duty calculation formula........................................................ii

3. Annexure-iii: Licensing fee.....................................................................................iii

4. Annexure-iv: Inspection fee....................................................................................iv

5. Annexure-v: Compulsory Third-Party Insurance.................................................iv

6. Annexure-vi: Delivery charges...............................................................................iv

7. Annexure-vii: Comparison interest rate of Bank for the car...............................v

8. Annexure-viii: Loan amount and premium calculation for the two car.............v

9. Annexure-ix: Insurance premium per month for the two cars...........................vi

10. Annexure-x: Rate of petrol as on April 2024 at Morley area............................vii

11. Annexure-xi: Service Charges...............................................................................vii

12. Annexure-xii: Cost of tyres....................................................................................viii

13. Annexure-xiii: Annual Maintenance cost of the two cars................................viii

14. Annexure-xiv: Depreciation rate of Toyota cars................................................viii

15. Annexure-xv: inflation rate projection for next 5 years till 2029........................x

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The objective of performing life cycle costing on the brand-new petrol and a brand-new hybrid
vehicle of Toyota car using the Net Present Value method is to determine which option of the
car is worth investing now by evaluating the present acquisition cost and the operating costs
and then disposal at the end of 5 years period.

The retail price of the Petrol engine car is $ 28190 and hybrid engine car is $30190. After
including the stamp duty, licensing fee and delivery charges the drive away cost of Toyota Yaris
petrol engine was $ 32169.39 and Toyota Yaris SX hybrid was $ 34259.96. So, in both retail
price and driveway cost, the hybrid car of Toyota Yaris is more expensive than the Toyota Yaris
petrol engine car.

The life cycle cost was performed on both the car considering the operating cost like annual
loan repayment cost with entire drive away cost as loan amount at 6.79% comparison interest
rate, license renewal cost, comprehensive insurance renewal cost, fuel consumption cost,
Servicing charges, maintenance cost, and finally resale value after 5 years.

The total Net Present value of Toyota Yaris petrol engine was found to be $ 36456.00 and
Toyota Yaris hybrid was found to be $ 36403.68. From this it was concluded that Toyota Yaris
hybrid was cheaper by a slight margin of $ 52.32. This difference would have been huge if the
average milage per year is more and if life cycle costing is performed for a greater number of
years therefore, making the choice of Toyota Yaris hybrid engine more economical for
investment today and hence recommended to go for Toyota Yaris SX hybrid car.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
The report is prepared to perform the life cycle costing of the two similar cars that is Toyota
Yaris SX 2024 model with petrol engine and hybrid engine to determine which is more
economical to invest today and buy the car.

Therefore, the report contains the executive summary, Introduction, assumptions, brief
description of two car’s similarity, detailed drive away cost calculations (capital cost), operating
cost details and calculations, life cycle costing for the two cars, conclusion, and
recommendations.

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In the life cycle costing using discounted cash flow techniques and net present value method,
the real discount rate is determined using the comparison interest rate of loan and projected
inflation rate for the next 5 years.

3.0 ASSUMPTIONS.
A. General

1. The car is for personal use and have 5 seating capacity and good and reliable safety
features and no paint option is chosen.
2. The car is used for personal use only and the daily use includes travelling to work site 10Km
away for 5 days and three times to university 15Km away and around 40km weekend tour
and visiting friends. So, on average the total km travelled in a year would be around
11040Km which comes to about 55200 Km over the period of 5 years
((15x2x3+10x2x5)x4x12)+40x4x12x5)km
3. The inflation rate projected by the statista website (www.statista.com) is true and will remain
as predicted for next 5 years.

B. Capital cost assumptions:

4. The total cost of car is paid to dealer by AUSLOAN Finance Group on my behalf and no
upfront payment of any type is made from own pocket and hence no opportunity cost is
considered in the present LLC.
5. All regulatory charges are as per Department of Transport, WA and delivery charges as
prescribed by Redbook website for my car details.

C. Operating cost:
6. Loan is paid monthly but reflected annually at 6.79% comparison interest rate to AUSLOAN
finance Group.
7. The cost of petrol taken as on April 2024 at Morley, WA, will remain as average fuel price
for 5 years period.
8. The tax implication is not considered as it a family car and used for private purpose only.
9. The vehicle will be used only in Western Australia and hence no toll fee is being considered
in operating cost.
10. Since it is family car the vehicle is assumed to have a good comprehensive insurance
coverage.
11. For comprehensive Insurance, it is considered that: -

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 The driver’s age is 42 years and have driving experience of more than 8 years.
 Secondary driver, wife is 34 years having more than 3 years of driving experience.
 The car will be parked in the garage near home address.

12. The vehicle license is renewed timely, and no inspection fee is paid in the subsequent years
for renewal of license.

D. Maintenance cost
13. The vehicle never meets, and accident and no other cost is spent.
14. The cleaning and minor cost is considered negligible to be considered for Life cycle costing.
15. Tyre life is 40000Km as per standard life of bridge tyre for cars and hence changed after
fourth year.

E. Disposal cost
16. The depreciation rate of Toyota Yaris as analysed by website called Caredge.com remains
true in next 5 years.

4.0 CAPITAL COST

The capital cost of the vehicle includes the retail price and other charges that are mandatory as
per the government regulation and dealers’ charges and profit. The capital cost of the two cars
is calculated under subheading 4.

4.1 Manufacturer Retail Price.

The manufactured retail price of the car is the cost of car excluding all the taxes. The car
specification and manufactured retail cost is given in the table-1 below.

Table-1 : Features of two car and Retail price (Reference in Annexure-i)

Toyota Yaris SX Toyota Yaris
Specification (Petrol) SX(Hybrid)
Engine capacity 1490 CC 1490 CC
Cylinder 3 3
Torque 145Nm 120Nm

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Fuel type Petrol Petrol Electric

Fuel tank capacity 40L 36L
Seating capacity 5-seater 5-seater
wheelbase 185/60 R-15 8 185/60 R-15 8
Fuel Consumption 4.9/100 Km 3.3L/100 KM
Kerb weight 1085Kg 1085Kg
Total Weight 1500 Kg 1500 kg
Body type Hatch back Hatch back
Warranty 5 year 5 year
Retail Price Excluding Govt. Taxes and
charges $28,190 $30,190

4.2 Stamp Duty of the Car

The stamp duty on the car in western Australia is paid to Department of transport and it is
calculated based on the price of car. If the cost of the car is $25000 or below the rate of stamp
duty is 2.75% of the base/Retail price of the car and if the base price of the car is between
$25000 to 50000 the rate of stamp duty is calculated as follows

[
R= 2.75+
Deductible value−25000
6666.66 ]
Stamp duty =R% x Deductible value

where R is the rate of Stamp duty in % and Deductible value is the base/Retail price of the car
Therefore, the stamp duty for the two car is as follows:

Table-2: Stamp Duty for vehicle Non-Heavy Vehicle (weight less than 4500Kg)
Car type Petrol Hybrid
Deductible value 28190 30190
Stamp duty = (2.75+ (deductible-250000)/6666.66) x
974.68 1065.25
Deductible value

(Reference for stamp duty calculation in Annexure-ii)

4.3 Licensing fee

Licensing fee includes the following costs.

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1. Initial inspection is performed by the government authorised inspection firms. In the

present case the car is assumed to be inspected by RAC and fee for the non- members
of RAC is $ 288 up to 10 years.
2. Light vehicle registration fee which is to be paid to Department of Transportation, WA
and it is calculated as follows:
Light Vehicle license fee per 100 kg x Total weight (rounded up to the nearest 100
kg) / 100 plus prescribed flat fee 50% of $13.20.

26.52x(1085/100) +6.66= 294.40

3. Administrative fee/Recording fee is $10.30 dollars for the period of 1 year.

4. The Compulsory Third Party insurance to drive the car from the showroom which is
$479.40 to be paid with registration fee to Department of Transport, Western Australia.
5. Number plate fixing fee $31.

All the above categories of fees make the vehicle registration cost and once paid, the vehicle
can be driven on the road. The above licensing fee for two chosen vehicle is tabulated below.

Table-3 : Licensing fee

Car type Petrol Hybrid

Inspection fee 288 288
light vehicle licence fee/registration fee 294.402 294.402
Recording fee 10.30 10.30
Prescribed flat fee 6.6 6.6
Number Plate fixing fee 31 31
MII compulsory third-party Insurance 479.4 479.4
Total 1109.702 1109.702

(Reference for Licensing fee in Annexure-iii, inspection fee in Annexure-iv and compulsory 3rd
party Insurance in Annexure-v)

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4.4 Delivery Charges

This is the charges the customer must pay for preparing the car ready to drive, it includes,
unloading car from Truck, tearing off the plastic covers, full tank fuel filling, washing, and
cleaning and checking the car to make sure it is driveable on the road. The delivery charges
depend on the car dealer and the customers negotiation skills before fixing the price. The
Redbook website estimated that the delivery charges is $ 1895 for the present car.

(Reference for delivery charges in Annexure-vi)

4.5 Summary of Drive away cost

So, the total drive away cost of the two car is as shown below.

Table-4: summary of Drive away cost

Car type Petrol Hybrid
Retail Price 28190.00 30190.00
Stamp Duty 974.68 1065.25
Licensing fee 1109.70 1109.70
Dealer delivery charges 1895.00 1895.00
Total Drive away cost 32169.39 34259.96

5.0 OPERATIONAL COST

The operational cost includes the expenditure like cost of fuel, repayment of loan, servicing cost,
maintenance cost, insurance cost and other cost associated with running of the vehicle.
However, for ease of the calculation it is assumed that the car has not meet any accident and all
the cost required to buy the car was taken was loan from the bank. The operational cost is
worked out in detail in subheading 5.

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5.1 Repayment of loan

The amount of loan required (Drive away cost) to purchase the two variant of Toyota Yaris SX
car is $ 32169.39 for Petrol car and $ 34259.96 for hybrid and cost of the loan amount is at 6.79
% comparison interest rate.

Table-6: loan amount, interest rate and annual premium

Car type Petrol Hybrid
Loan amount 32169.39 34259.96
Interest Rate 6.79 6.79
Monthly instalment 633.81 675.00
Annual Payment 7605.72 8100.00

(Reference for Comparison Interest rate for the loan is in Annexure-vii and loan amount and
premium calculation in Annexure-viii)

5.2 License renewal fee

License of the car is to be renewed every year and it must be done within due date to avoid
paying inspected fee again. License renewal fee is same as licensing fee excluding the
inspection fee and installation of number plate charges.

The license renewal fee is tabulated as below:

Table-7: Licensing Renewal fee same for both car

Car type Petrol/hybrid
light vehicle licence fee/registration fee 294.40
Recording fee 10.30
Prescribed flat fee 6.60
MII Compulsory third-party Insurance 479.40
Total 790.70

5.3 Insurance premium

The comprehensive insurance coverage must be renewed for continued coverage of accidental
risk. The amount of insurance depends on

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1. Vehicle make, model, colour, value, condition, price.

2. Car Parking location and usage.
3. Driver’s and secondary driver’s age, driving history and experience.
4. Accident and Claim history of the driver

So, in the present case the insurance premium quotes were derived on the basis of cost of the
car and model that is 2024 hybrid and petrol, drivers age as 41 years, no claim history, more
than 8 years driving experience, car is used for private purpose and car is parked in the garage
and secondary driver is spouse who 35 years and have 3-year experience in driving.

Table-8: Annual comprehensive Insurance premium

Car type Petrol Hybrid
Monthly premium 246.29 257.69
Yearly premium 2955.48 3092.28
(Reference for Insurance premium for both the car in Annexure-ix)

5.4 Fuel consumption.

Since the car is to be used for going to university 3 times a week which is 15km away and work
site 5 times week and distance is 10km away and around 40km per week for tour and visiting
friends. So, the approximate km in a year of 11040km.

Corresponding to the average annual journey of 11040Km the expenditure on petrol for two car
is worked out in the following table.

Table-9: Fuel consumption for 114040km in year

Car type Petrol Hybrid
Millage 4.9l/100km 3.3km/100l
oil consumption 540.96 364.32
cost of petrol @ 1.89 Dollar 1021.87 688.20

(Reference for petrol price in Annexure-x)

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5.5 Service charges.

Service charges for the Toyota Yaris is done every 15000km or yearly and the price and interval
is given by the Toyota. It is $205.00 yearly for both the cars.

(Service Charges fee reference in Annexure-xi)

5.6 Tyre replacement.

Generally, the standard life of tyre is 40000km and hence the tyre needs to be changed after
covering 40000km. According the tyre need to be changed between 4 th and 5th year. The cost
of 185/60 R-15 8 size Bridge tyre is $ 239 for each tyre and for 4 tyres it comes to $ 956.
(Reference for cost of tyres in in Annexure-xii)

5.7 Maintenance cost

Maintenance cost includes the inspection and adjustment of fluid levels, air filters, inspect wiper
blades, rotate tyres, inspect brake linings/drums and brake pads and discs etc. The average
maintenance cost worked out as per the Toyota company is as follow;

Table-12: Maintenance cost in $ per Year same for both car

Car type Petrol/hybrid
Year 1 142.00
Year 2 165.00
Year 3 202.00
Year 4 261.00
Year 5 310.00

(Reference for annual maintenance cost in Annexure-xiii)

5.8 Resale value of the Car

As per the depreciation rate of Toyota Yaris through experience and market research it is
predicted that Toyota brand retains its value over long period of time. So, the depreciations rate
prescribed for the vehicle by car edge research web site is given below in the table. The
depreciation rate is dependent on milage per year. So, average milage of around 7500 miles or
12000km per year is taken and corresponding depreciation is as given in following table.

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Table-13: Depreciation rate of Toyota Yaris over period of 10 years

Year Depreciation rate as per Toyota (Yaris) Petrol Hybrid

year 0 100% 32169.40 34260.00

Year 1 93.98% 30232.80 32197.50
year 2 87.29% 28080.70 29905.50
year 3 85.38% 27466.20 29251.20
year 4 82.48% 26533.30 28257.60
year 5 78.04% 25105.00 26736.50
year 6 73.15% 23531.90 25061.20
year 7 68.67% 22090.70 23526.30
year 8 65.56% 21090.30 22460.80
year 9 62.01% 19948.20 21244.60
year 10 58.92% 18954.20 20186.00

(Reference for depreciation of the car in Annexure-xiv 1, 2& 3)

6 DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW METHOD AND NET PRESENT VALUE

The present Life cycle cost of car will use discounted cash flow techniques with Net Present
Value method to evaluate the Discounted cash flow. It uses the concept of time value of money
and calculate the present value of future income using the real rate of discount which is
exclusive of inflation to compare the investment options in two cars.

6.1 Real Discount Rate ‘R’:

Since the bank’s comparison interest rate is consisting of inflation, profit margin and other cost
and the present life cycle cost of the car is evaluated without inflation therefore, the inflation
must be excluded from the comparison interest rate of the bank which was considered for the
loan payment to find out the real discount rate as per formula given below.

1+n
R= −1
1+i

Where ‘R’ is the real rate of discount, ‘n’ is comparison interest rate considered in loan from
bank and ‘i’ the inflation rate for which calculation is shown in subhead 6.2.

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1+0.0679
R= −1
1+0.0282

R= 3.86%

As per the above formula the real discount rate for the purpose of Net Present value factor
calculation is 3.86%.

6.2 Inflation Rate ‘i’:

Table- 14: Inflation projection in Australia by statist website for the next 5
years
Year Inflation rate ‘i’ in %
2024 3.53
2025 2.98
2026 2.68
2027 2.68
2028 2.57
2029 2.5
Average ‘i’ 2.82

(Reference for inflation rate projection in Annexure-xv)

6.3 Present value factor.

It the factor which discounts or brings the future amount value in present state for comparison.
1
PVFy= y
(1+ R)

Where PVFy is the Present value factor for the particular year ‘y’ and R is the real rate of
discount.

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Table-15: Present Value factor

Year Present Value Factor Calculation Present value factor
Year 0 1/(1+0.0386)0 1

Year 1 1/(1+0.0386)1 0.9628

Year 2 1/(1+0.0386)2 0.9270

Year 3 1/(1+0.0386)3 0.8926

Year 4 1/(1+0.0386)4 0.8594

Year 5 1/(1+0.0386)5 0.8275

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7 LIFE CYCLE COSTING OF PETROL ENGINE CAR

Table -16: Life Cycle costing of Toyota Yaris SX Petrol
Year 0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
(Initial)
Capital Costs
Retail Price 28190.00
Stamp Duty 974.68
Licensing fee 1109.70
Dealer delivery charges 1895.00
Total 32169.39
Total Capital Costs $32,169.39
Initial Deposit $0.00
Loan Amount -$32,169.39
Operating Costs
Loan repayment yearly instalment $7,605.72 $7,605.72 $7,605.72 $7,605.72 $7,605.72
Licensing renewal fee $790.70 $790.70 $790.70 $790.70
Comprehensive insurance premium $2,955.48 $2,955.48 $2,955.48 $2,955.48 $2,955.48
cost for Petrol consumption per
$1,021.87 $1,021.87 $1,021.87 $1,021.87 $1,021.87
year
Service charges $205.00 $205.00 $205.00 $205.00 $205.00
Tyre replacement 0 0 0 $956.00 0
Maintenance cost $143 $165 $202 $261 $310
Resale value as per Toyota -$25,105.00
$12,743.7 $12,780.7 $13,795.7
Total Costs 0.001 $11,931.07 -$12,216.22
8 8 8
PVF 1 0.9628 0.927 0.8926 0.8594 0.8275
$11,813.4 $11,408.1 $11,856.0
PV 0.00 $11,487.24 -$10,108.93
8 2 9
NPV $36,456.00

The initial capital cost is $ 32169.29 and total LLC comes to $ 36456 which is $ 4286.61more than the capital cost.

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1. Assuming that Bank has paid total amount of $ 32169.39 to car dealer. So cost of car =loan amount

8 LIFE CYCLE COSTING OF HYBRID ENGINE CAR

Table-18: Life Cycle costing of Toyota Yaris SX hybrid
Year 0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
(Initial)
Capital Costs
Retail Price 30190.00
Stamp Duty 1065.25
Licensing fee 1109.70
Dealer delivery charges 1895.00
Total $ 34259.96
Total Capital Costs
Initial Deposit
Loan Amount -$34,259.96
Operating Costs
Loan repayment instalment $8,100.00 $8,100.00 $8,100.00 $8,100.00 $8,100.00
Licensing fee $790.70 $790.70 $790.70 $790.70
Comprehensive insurance $3,092.28 $3,092.28 $3,092.28 $3,092.28 $3,092.28
cost for Petrol consumption per
$688.20 $688.20 $688.20 $688.20 $688.20
year
Service charges $205.00 $205.00 $205.00 $205.00 $205.00
Tyre replacement 0 0 0 0 956
Maintenance cost $142 $165 $202 $261 $310
Resale value as per Toyota -$26,736.50
$13,041.1 $13,078.1 $13,137.1
Total Costs $02 $12,227.48 -$12,594.32
8 8 8
PVF 1 0.9628 0.927 0.8926 0.8594 0.8275
$12,089.1 $11,673.5 $11,290.0
PV 0.00 $11,772.62 -$10,421.80
8 9 9
NPV $36,403.68

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The initial capital cost is $ 34259.96 and total LLC comes to $ 36403.68 which is 2143.72 more than the capital cost.

2. Assuming that Bank has paid total amount of $ 34259.96. So, cost of car =loan amount

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9 CONCLUSIONS
The initial cost of Toyota SX Petrol engine was $ 28190.00, and hybrid was $ 30190.00. Hence
hybrid brand was expensive by $2000. The drive away cost of petrol engine car was $ 32169.39
and hybrid was 34259.96 making the hybrid car still expensive.

After the life cycle costing, the Net Present value of Toyota Yaris petrol engine was found to be
$ 36456.00 and Toyota Yaris hybrid was found to be $ 36403.68 making the Toyota hybrid cost
less by slight margin of 52.32 dollar. Looking deeper into it, the running cost of petrol car is $
4286.61 and that of the hybrid car is $ 2143.72 indicating that hybrid car has low running cost.

The major cost contribution in making the petrol engine more expensive over the period was the
cost of fuel derived from the average milage per year. For average travel of 11040 km the
average cost of petrol per year in hybrid car was $ 688.20 and it is less by $ 333.67 compared
to petrol car which is $1021.87 per year.

So, actual benefit of the investment is realized only after performing the life cycle costing of the
two cars. It is more beneficial to invest in the Toyota Yaris SX hybrid car, although it seemed
expensive in the beginning.

10 RECOMMENDATIONS:
It is more beneficial over long period of time to have Toyota Yaris Hybrid SX car than the Petrol
engine Toyota Yaris SX. The initial cost for hybrid is higher than the petrol engine but the cost
difference is only $2000. The total net present value of Hybrid Toyota Yaris SX is less than
Petrol engine Toyota Yaris SX. The running cost of the petrol engine is double the running cost
of hybrid engine therefore, it is recommended to go for hybrid model of Toyota Yaris SX.

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11 REFERENCE ANNEXURE

1. Annexure-i: Features of two car and Retail price

https://www.carsguide.com.au/toyota/yaris/price/2024

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2. Annexure-ii: Stamp duty calculation formula

https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/department-of-finance/vehicle-licence-duty

3. Annexure-iii: Licensing fee

https://www.transport.wa.gov.au/licensing/license-a-vehicle-new-to-wa.asp

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4. Annexure-iv: Inspection fee

https://rac.com.au/car-motoring/car-servicing-and-repair/vehicle-inspections

5. Annexure-v: Compulsory Third-Party Insurance

https://www.transport.wa.gov.au/licensing/motor-injury-insurance.asp

6. Annexure-vi: Delivery charges

https://www.redbook.com.au/cars/details/2024-toyota-yaris-sx-hybrid-auto/SPOT-ITM-
638947?Cr=1

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7. Annexure-vii: Comparison interest rate of Bank for the car.

https://dealify.au/carfinance/?
utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=156648047928&utm_term=car
%20loans&utm_content=c&keyword=car
%20loans&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwxLKxBhA7EiwAXO0R0HXpqb41BII31OPrQp
EukGxDLQFzAeddxPuuGnEx5ROlEnfr5hHa_hoCP_8QAvD_BwE

8. Annexure-viii: Loan amount and premium calculation for the two car.
https://www.ausloans.com.au/carfinance?utm_term=car%20loan
%20au&utm_campaign=&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_tgt=kwd-
315201457360&hsa_grp=141854636088&hsa_src=g&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_mt=b&hs
a_ver=3&hsa_ad=595890074291&hsa_acc=7343282338&hsa_kw=car%20loan
%20au&hsa_cam=17110597086&utm_term=car%20loan
%20au&utm_campaign=Ausloans_Br&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_a
cc=7343282338&hsa_cam=17110597086&hsa_grp=141854636088&hsa_ad=59589007
4291&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-315201457360&hsa_kw=car%20loan
%20au&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&mkwid=sdc&pcrid=595890074291&p
mt=b&pkw=car%20loan%20au&slid=&product=&pgrid=141854636088&ptaid=kwd-
315201457360&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwxLKxBhA7EiwAXO0R0FDGjCaSLZt-
RXnt8AwUP-S7M6qjMmQARJrOQNVhNx3ERej76zYZEhoCATkQAvD_BwE

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PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LIFE CYCLE COSTING LHAPCHU
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9. Annexure-ix: Insurance premium per month for the two cars.

https://www.einsure.com.au/car-insurance/#(quote-buy-motor-retail:/package-selection)?
adobe_mc=MCMID=18460268163341120251527144144669003414_MCORGID=E007
DCE1583D34D90A495C37@AdobeOrg_TS=1714279048&_ga=2.173635875.14531295
14.1714279049-607838793.1714279049

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PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LIFE CYCLE COSTING LHAPCHU
PROJECT COST MANAGEEMNT 18180754

10. Annexure-x: Rate of petrol as on April 2024 at Morley area

https://wafuelfinder.com/ulp/Morley/today

11. Annexure-xi: Service Charges

https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-advice/toyota-capped-price-servicing-cost-schedule-
info-carsguide-70132

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PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LIFE CYCLE COSTING LHAPCHU
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12. Annexure-xii: Cost of tyres

https://www.bridgestone.com.au/tyres/AU/Bridgestone/Ecopia/EP150/11006118?
gstore=132&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw57exBhAsEiwAaIxaZscZnBp19f_LHnQThr
LdRBh_E0WIPFOPQ30phI36ICFqkpsiBgXxgxoC760QAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

13. Annexure-xiii: Annual Maintenance cost of the two cars.

https://caredge.com/toyota/yaris/maintenance

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PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LIFE CYCLE COSTING LHAPCHU
PROJECT COST MANAGEEMNT 18180754

14. Annexure-xiv: Depreciation rate of Toyota cars

https://caredge.com/toyota/yaris/maintenance
1. Depreciation of rate and value of Toyota Yaris petrol car

.
2. Depreciation of rate and value of Toyota Yaris hybrid car

3. Trend of depreciation rate of the Toyota cars over period of 10 years

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PRJM6001 ASSIGNMENT-2: LIFE CYCLE COSTING LHAPCHU
PROJECT COST MANAGEEMNT 18180754

15. Annexure-xv: inflation rate projection for next 5 years till 2029
https://www.statista.com/statistics/271845/inflation-rate-in-australia/

Page | ix