Sumatra Andaman Islands earthquake and tsunami of

December 26 2004 lifeline performance Carl Strand &

John Masek (Editors) online version

Get your copy at ebookultra.com

( 4.6/5.0 ★ | 351 downloads )

https://ebookultra.com/download/sumatra-andaman-islands-earthquake-
and-tsunami-of-december-26-2004-lifeline-performance-carl-strand-
john-masek-editors/
Sumatra Andaman Islands earthquake and tsunami of December
26 2004 lifeline performance Carl Strand & John Masek
(Editors)

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Here are some recommended products for you. Click the link to
download, or explore more at ebookultra.com

Communication Yearbook 26 William B. Gudykunst (Ed.)

https://ebookultra.com/download/communication-yearbook-26-william-b-
gudykunst-ed/

Case Closed Vol 26 1st Edition Gosho Aoyama

https://ebookultra.com/download/case-closed-vol-26-1st-edition-gosho-
aoyama/

Explanations and Effects Criminal Justice Theory 26 1st

Edition Cecilia Chouhy

https://ebookultra.com/download/explanations-and-effects-criminal-
justice-theory-26-1st-edition-cecilia-chouhy/

Archaeology in the digital era papers from the 40th Annual

Conference of Computer Applications and Quantitative
Methods in Archaeology CAA Southampton 26 29 March 2012
2nd Edition Graeme Earl
https://ebookultra.com/download/archaeology-in-the-digital-era-papers-
from-the-40th-annual-conference-of-computer-applications-and-
quantitative-methods-in-archaeology-caa-
southampton-26-29-march-2012-2nd-edition-graeme-earl/
Network Security and Communication Engineering Proceedings
of the 2014 International Conference on Network Security
and Communication Engineering NSCE 2014 Hong Kong December
25 26 2014 1st Edition Kennis Chan (Editor)
https://ebookultra.com/download/network-security-and-communication-
engineering-proceedings-of-the-2014-international-conference-on-
network-security-and-communication-engineering-nsce-2014-hong-kong-
december-25-26-2014-1st-edition-ke/

Immune Mediated Neuromuscular Diseases Frontiers of

Neurology and Neuroscience Vol 26 1st Edition R. Pourmand

https://ebookultra.com/download/immune-mediated-neuromuscular-
diseases-frontiers-of-neurology-and-neuroscience-vol-26-1st-edition-r-
pourmand/

Serpentine Anita Blake Vampire Hunter 26 1st Edition

Laurell K. Hamilton

https://ebookultra.com/download/serpentine-anita-blake-vampire-
hunter-26-1st-edition-laurell-k-hamilton/

The Naval Chronicle 26 July December 1811 Containing a

General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the
United Kingdom with a Variety of Original Papers on
Nautical Subjects 1st Edition James Stanier Clarke
https://ebookultra.com/download/the-naval-chronicle-26-july-
december-1811-containing-a-general-and-biographical-history-of-the-
royal-navy-of-the-united-kingdom-with-a-variety-of-original-papers-on-
nautical-subjects-1st-edition-james/

Around the World in Knitted Socks 26 Inspired Designs

Stephanie Van Der Linden

https://ebookultra.com/download/around-the-world-in-knitted-
socks-26-inspired-designs-stephanie-van-der-linden/
SUMATRA-ANDAMAN ISLANDS
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
OF DECEMBER 26, 2004

Lifeline Performance

EDITED BY
Carl Strand and John Masek

SPONSORED BY
Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering
Monograph No. 30
August 2007

Published by The American Society of Civil Engineers

1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia 20191–4400
Cataloging-in-Publication Data on file with the Library of Congress.

American Society of Civil Engineers

1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia, 20191-4400

www.pubs.asce.org

Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement
made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product,
process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty
thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a
standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts,
regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or
warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness,
suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this
publication, and assumes no liability therefore. This information should not be used without
first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific
application. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use,
including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.

ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers—Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.

Photocopies and reprints.

You can obtain instant permission to photocopy ASCE publications by using ASCE’s
online permission service (http://pubs.asce.org/permissions/requests/). Requests for 100
copies or more should be submitted to the Reprints Department, Publications Division,
ASCE, (address above); email: permissions@asce.org. A reprint order form can be found at
http://pubs.asce.org/support/reprints/.

Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

All Rights Reserved.
ISBN 978-0-7844-0951-0
Manufactured in the United States of America.
Preface
The Earthquake Investigation Committee of the Technical Council of Lifeline Earthquake
Engineering (TCLEE), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), was established to initiate,
organize, train for, coordinate and evaluate the performance of lifelines following earthquakes.
Members of the committee are employees of lifeline industries, consulting engineers, and academics
from the United States and Canada.
Members of the investigation team coordinate with other groups and may participate in groups
organized by other organizations. Team members gathered data illustrative of poor performance as
well as good performance. Information may be used by design professionals and public ofcials as
well as facility owners. The foreign earthquakes that have been investigated include the 1985 Chile,
1988 Soviet Armenia, 1990 Philippines, 1991 Costa Rica, 1992 Turkey, 1994 Kobe, 1999 Kocaeli,
1999 Chi-Chi, and 2003 Algeria earthquakes.
The Kobe earthquake report was the rst foreign earthquake investigation report published by ASCE
as a TCLEE monograph. The rst domestic earthquake investigation report published by ASCE as a
TCLEE monograph was for the Northridge earthquake. Prior to this time TCLEE prepared a lifeline
report that was published by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). The Earthquake
Investigation Committee (EIC) continues to cooperate with EERI to provide an abbreviated version
of lifeline performance in Earthquake Spectra (EERI publication). TCLEE also publishes brief
preliminary reports on the ASCE/TCLEE Web, page.
To provide information on the tectonic and ground motion data, experts in these elds are often
asked to contribute to the reconnaissance report. This information is of value in providing a
perspective to the lifeline damage report.
This ASCE earthquake investigation monograph is unique in comparison with other monographs to
date in several respects. First, the geographic regions affected are far broader than any monograph to
date. Second, this monograph includes not only interested committee nding but also augments the
discussion of each topic via Internet research.
This supplemental research was conducted to conrm overall ndings from initial on ground
investigations by the ASCE/TCLEE/EIC team. It was conducted primarily by Carl Strand of the
EIC. Source reliability was a screening factor in this research; however, like all nonpeer-reviewed
data on any unofcial Web site, the reliability of Internet reference data is not absolute.

iii
Contributing Authors

Author Name Afliation Name Email address

Alex Tang TCLEE/ASCE alex_tang@sympatico.ca

Amar Bhogal ICE, UK Amar.Bhogal@ice.org.uk
Anat Ruangrassamee Chulalongkorn University fcearr@eng.chula.ac.th
Chitr Lilavivat ICE, Thailand c_lilavivat@hotmail.com
Curt Edwards Psomas, San Diego cedwards@psomas.com
David Ames COPRI/ASCE david.c.ames@gmail.com
David Kriebel US Naval Academy kriebel@usna.edu
Graham Plant ICE, UK Consulting@GrahamPlant.com
John McLaughlin TCLEE/ASCE jmmcl@quixnet.net

Mark Yashinsky TCLEE/ASCE, Department mark_yashinsky@dot.ca.gov

of Transportation, California
Martin Eskijian COPRI/ASCE, California ESKIJIM@slc.ca.gov
State Lands Commission
Martin Johnson ABS Consulting MWJohnson@absconsulting.com
P. A. K. Murthy ICE, India murthyadi@hotmail.com
Rao Surrampalli Environmental Protection surampalli.rao@epa.gov
Agency

Robert A. Dalrymple Johns Hopkins University rad@jhu.edu

Robert Barnoff MASCE, retired Rmb1@psu.edu
Robert Lo Klohn Crippen rlo@klohn.com
Yumei Wang Sustainable Living Solutions, yumei.wang@comcast.net
Portland Oregon
Donald Ballantyne ABS Consulting, Seattle, dballantyne@absconsulting.com
Washington
Hiran deMel CH2M Hill, Gainesville, Hiran.deMel@CH2M.com
Florida
Suresh deMel Lanka Fishing Flies Ltd., Sri sureshd@sri.lanka.net
Lanka
Mary Goodson CH2M Hill, Oakland, Mary.Goodson@CH2M.com
California
John Headland Moffatt & Nichol, New York, jheadland@moffattnichol.com
New York
Adam Ludwig ABS Consulting, Seattle, Aludwig@absconsulting.com
Washington

iv
TCLEE Monograph Series
These publications may be purchased from ASCE, telephone 1-800-548-ASCE (2723), World Wide
Web www.asce.org. The TCLEE web site is www.asce.org/instfound/techcomm_tclee.cfm.

No. 1 Recent Lifeline Seismic Risk Studies, Kiremidjian, Anne S., Editor, 1990.
No. 2 Seismic Lost Estimates for a Hypothetical Water System, A Demonstration Project, Taylor,
Craig E., Editor, August 1991.
No. 3 Guide to Post-Earthquake Investigations of Lifelines, Schiff, Anshel J., Editor, August 1991.
No. 4 Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 3rd U.S. Conference on Lifeline
Earthquake Engineering, August 22-23, 1991, Los Angeles, CA, Cassaro, Michael, Editor, August
1991.
No. 5 Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in the Central and Eastern U.S., Ballantyne, Donald, Editor,
September 1992.
No. 6 Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Proceeding of the 4th U.S. Conference on Lifeline
Earthquake Engineering, August 10-12, 1995, San Francisco, CA, O’Rourke, Michael J., Editor,
August 1995.
No. 7 Critical Issues and State of the Art on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Schiff, Anshel J. and
Buckle, Ian, Editors, October 1995.
No. 8 Northridge Earthquake: Lifeline Performance and Post- Earthquake Response, Schiff, Anshel
J., Editor, August 1995.
No. 9 Seismic Design for Natural Gas Distributors, McDonough, Peter W., August 1995.
No. 10 Methods of Achieving Improved Seismic Performance of Communications Systems, Tang,
Alex, and Schiff, Anshel J., Editors, September 1996.
No. 11 Guide to Post-Earthquake Investigation of Lifelines, Schiff, Anshel J., Editor, July 1997.
No. 12 Seismic Guidelines for Ports, Werner, Stuart D., Editor, March 1998.
No. 13 Overcoming Barriers: Lifeline Seismic Improvement Programs, Taylor, Craig E., Mittler,
Elliott, and Lund, Le Val, September 1998.
No. 14 Hyogo-Ken Nambu Earthquake of January 17, 1995-Lifeline Performance, Schiff, Anshel J.
Editor, 1998.
No. 15 Guidelines for the Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade of Water Transmission Facilities,
Eidinger, John M. and Avila, Ernesto A., Editors, January 1999.
No. 16 Optimizing Post-Earthquake Lifeline System Reliability (Proceedings of the 5th U.S.
Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, Washington, August 12-14, 1999.), Elliott,
William M., and McDonough, Peter W., Editors, August 1999.
No. 17 Ismit (Kocaeli), Turkey Earthquake of August 16, 1999, Including Duzce Earthquake of
November 12, 1999 -Lifeline Performance, Tang, Alex K., Editor, September 2000.
No. 18 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake of September 21, 1999 -Lifeline Performance, Schiff, Anshel
J., and Tang, Alex K., Editors, October 2000.

v
No. 19 Gujarat (Kutch) India, M7.7 Earthquake of January 26, 2001 and NAPA M5.2 Earthquake of
September 3, 2000, Eidinger, John M., Editor, June 2001
No. 20 The Nisqually, Washington, Earthquake of February 2001 - Lifeline Performance,
McDonough, Peter W., Editor, February 2002
No. 21 Acceptable Risk Process - Lifelines and Natural Hazards, Taylor, Craig E., and VanMarcke,
Erik H., Editors, March 2002
No. 22 Seismic Screening Checklists for Water and Wastewater Facilities, Heubach, William F.,
Editor, September 2002
No. 23 Atico, Peru Mw 8.4 Earthquake of June 23, 2001, Curtis L. Edwards, Editor, October 2002
24 Lifeline Performance of El Salvador Earthquakes of January 13 and February 13, 2001, Le Val
Lund, Editor and Carl Sepponen, Editor, September 2002
No. 25 Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response for Lifeline System: Proceedings
of the Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Beavers, J.E.,
Editor, August 2003.
No. 26 Fire Following Earthquake, Scawthorn, Charles, Eidinger, John M., and Schiff, Anshel J.,
Editors, 2005.
No. 27 Zemmouri, Algeria, Mw 6.8 Earthquake of May 31, 2003, Edwards, Curtis L., Editor, 2004.
No. 28 San Simeon Earthquake of December 22, 2003 and Denali, Alaska, Earthquake of November
3, 2002, Yashinsky, Mark, Editor, Lund, Le Val, Co Editor, 2004.
No. 29 Hurricane Katrina: Performance of Transportation Systems, DesRoches, Reginald, Editor,
2006.

vi
Other TCLEE Publications
Duke, C. Martin, Editor, The Current State of Knowledge of Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,
Proceedings TCLEE Specialty Conference, August 30-31, 1977, Los Angeles, CA, (Later designated
as the 1st U. S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering), August, 1977.
Dowd, Munson, Editor, Annotated Bibliography on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, 1980.
Smith, D. J, Jr., Editor, Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, The Current State of Knowledge 1981,
Proceedings of the Second TCLEE Specialty Conference, August 20-21, 1981, Oakland, CA, (Later
designated as the 2nd U. S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering), August 1981.
Hall, William J., Advisory Notes on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, 1983.
Nyman, Douglas, NSF Principal Investigator, Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Oil and Gas
Pipelines Systems, TCLEE Committee on Gas and Liquid Fuels, 1984.
Cooper, James, Editor, Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Performance, Design and Construction,
1984.
Cassaro, Michael and Martinez-Romero, E., Editors, The Mexico Earthquake, 1985, Factors
Involved and Lessons Learned, 1986.
Eguchi, Ronald and Crouse, C. B., Lifeline Seismic Risk Analysis - Case Studies, 1986.
Wang, Leon R. L. and Whitman, Robert, Seismic Evaluation of Lifeline Systems-Case Studies,
1986.
Cassaro, Michael and Cooper, James, Editors, Seismic Design and Construction of Complex Civil
Engineering Systems, 1988.
Werner, Stuart D. and Dickenson, Stephen E., Editors, Hyogo-Ken Nambu (Kobe) Earthquake of
January 17, 1995: A Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance of Port Facilities, TCLEE Ports Committee,
1996.

For more information, visit the TCLEE publication Web site, page at www.asce.org/instfound/
techcomm_tclee_pubs.cfm.

vii
ASCE Manual
Schiff, Anshel J., Editor, Guide to Improved Earthquake Performance of Electric Power Systems,
ASCE Manual 96.

TCLEE Earthquake Investigation Reports

TCLEE has also prepared numerous earthquake reports that have appeared in other publications.
References to these reports and ten short reports associated with TCLEE monographs can be viewed
on the ASCE/TCLEE web site address given below. The ten short reports are each about 5 to 15,
pages long, contain a summary of main observations and some pictures and can be downloaded.
www.asce.org/community/disasterreduction/tclee_home.cfm

viii
Table of Contents

Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................ xiv

SECTION 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Investigation Team...............................................................................................................6
1.2 Sri Lanka .......................................................................................................................................7
1.2.1 Investigation Team for Sri Lanka ........................................................................................7
1.3 South India Peninsula ...................................................................................................................9
1.1.1 Investigation Team for the South India Peninsula ............................................................ 11
1.4 Thailand ......................................................................................................................................12
1.4.1 Thailand Investigation Team .............................................................................................13
1.5 Andaman and Nicobar Islands ....................................................................................................14
1.5.1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands Investigation Team...........................................................16

SECTION 2: Geoscience and Tsunami Generation ......................................................... 19

Geoscience and Tsunami Generation ................................................................................................21
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................21
2.1.1 Seismotectonic Setting ......................................................................................................22
2.1.2 Region near Source Zone ..................................................................................................24
2.1.3 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map ....................................................................................25
2.1.4 Recent Great Subduction-zone Earthquakes .....................................................................25
2.1.5 Fault Rupture.....................................................................................................................26
2.1.6 Seismic Ground Motions ...................................................................................................27
2.1.7 Earthquake Intensity..........................................................................................................27
2.1.8 March 28, 2005 Earthquake ..............................................................................................29
2.1.9 Research Efforts ................................................................................................................31
2.1.10 Geoscience Observations ................................................................................................32
2.2 Geoscience and Tsunami Specic to the South India Peninsula .................................................40
2.2.1 Overview of System Performance......................................................................................42
2.2.3 Damage Sites .....................................................................................................................44
2.2.4 Observations ......................................................................................................................45
2.3 Geoscience and Tsunami Aspects Specic to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands ......................46

SECTION 3: Roadway Transportation Systems ............................................................... 53

3.1 Sri Lanka .....................................................................................................................................55
3.1.1 Roads and Bridges.............................................................................................................55
3.1.2 Emergency Ferry Service ..................................................................................................65
3.1.3 Bus Service ........................................................................................................................66

ix
3.2 Roadway Transportation Systems in the South India Peninsula.................................................67
3.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................67
3.2.2 Locations of Damage.........................................................................................................67
3.3 Roadway Transportation Systems in Thailand............................................................................81
3.3.1 Roadways...........................................................................................................................81
3.3.2 Bridges...............................................................................................................................84
3.3.3 Observations and Recommendations ................................................................................87
3.4 Roadway Transportation Systems on Andaman and Nicobar Islands ........................................88
3.4.1 Description of System ........................................................................................................88
3.4.2 Overview of System Performance......................................................................................89
3.4.3 Locations of Damage.........................................................................................................89
3.4.4 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................100

SECTION 4: Electrical Power Systems............................................................................ 105

4.1 Electrical Power Systems—Sri Lanka ......................................................................................107
4.1.1 Power System Damage ....................................................................................................107
4.1.2 Power System Recovery...................................................................................................108
4.1.3 Power System Lessons Learned ...................................................................................... 111
4.2 Electric Power System—South India Peninsula ....................................................................... 112
4.2.1 Power System Damage .................................................................................................... 112
4.2.2 Power System Recovery................................................................................................... 115
4.2.3 Power System Lessons Learned ...................................................................................... 118
4.2.4 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 118
4.3 Electrical Power Systems—Thailand ....................................................................................... 119
4.3.1 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................125
4.4 Electrical Power Systems—Andaman and Nicobar Islands .....................................................126
4.4.1 Overview of System Performance....................................................................................126
4.4.2 Transmission Line Failure, New Haddo Wharf, Port Blair, South Andaman Island ......127
4.4.3 Bamboo Flat (Phoenix Bay) 20-MW Power-Plant Failure, South Andaman Island ......128
4.4.4 Kalpong Hydroelectric Power Plant Failure near Diglipur, North Andaman Island .....129
4.4.6 Middle Andaman Islands .................................................................................................129
4.4.7 Southern Islands ..............................................................................................................129
4.4.8 Major Observations and Recommendations ...................................................................129

SECTION 5: Water Systems ............................................................................................ 133

5.1 Water Systems—Sri Lanka .......................................................................................................135
5.2 Water Systems—South India Peninsula ....................................................................................145
5.2.1 Locations of Damage.......................................................................................................146
5.2.2 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................149
5.3 Water Systems—Thailand.........................................................................................................150
Damage to Water System at Patong Beach .............................................................................152
Damage to Water System at Phang Nga Navy Base.................................................................153
Damage to Water System at Khao Lak Beach ..........................................................................155
Damage to Water System at Kueh Kak Beach (Theptharo Lagoon Beach Resort) ..................156
Damage to Water System at Kamala Beach .............................................................................157
Damage to Water System on Phi Phi Don Island .....................................................................159
5.3.1 Observations and Recommendations .............................................................................161

x
5.4 Water Systems—Andaman and Nicobar Islands ......................................................................162
5.4.1 Urban Water Supply ........................................................................................................162
5.4.2 Rural Water Supply..........................................................................................................162
5.4.4 Anti-Sea Erosion Measures ............................................................................................163
5.4.5 Locations of Damage.......................................................................................................163
5.4.6 Water Mains along South Andaman Island Trunk Road .................................................164
5.4.8 Watersheds for Port Blair in South Andaman Island ......................................................166
5.4.9 Elevated Water Tanks ......................................................................................................167
5.4.10 Observations and Recommendations ............................................................................168

SECTION 6: Wastewater Systems .................................................................................. 173

6.1 Wastewater Systems—Sri Lanka ..............................................................................................175
6.1.1 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................177
6.2 Wastewater Systems—South India Peninsula...........................................................................178
6.2.1 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................178
6.3 Wastewater Systems—Thailand ...............................................................................................179
Damage to the Patong Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant .........................................179
Damage to Sewer Pump Stations Operated by Patong Municipality ......................................180
Sewer Pump Station No. 1 ........................................................................................................180
Sewer Pump Station No. 2 ........................................................................................................181
Sewer Pump Station No. 3 ........................................................................................................181
Sewer Pump Station No. 4 ........................................................................................................182
Damage to Club Med Wastewater-Treatment Plant at Kata Noi Beach ..................................183
Damage at Other Wastewater Systems .....................................................................................184
6.3.1 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................186
6.4 Wastewater System—Andaman and Nicobar Islands ...............................................................187
6.4.1 Description of System ......................................................................................................187
6.4.2 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................187

SECTION 7: Railway Systems ......................................................................................... 189

7.1 Railway Systems—Sri Lanka ...................................................................................................191
7.1.1 Lessons Learned ..............................................................................................................195
7.2 Railway Systems—South India Peninsula ................................................................................196
7.3 Railway Systems—Thailand.....................................................................................................197
7.4 Railway Systems—Andaman and Nicobar Islands ..................................................................197

SECTION 8: Airports....................................................................................................... 201

8.1 Airports—Sri Lanka ..................................................................................................................203
8.2 Airports—South India Peninsula ..............................................................................................206
8.3 Airports—Thailand ...................................................................................................................207
8.3.1 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................209
8.4 Airports—Andaman and Nicobar Islands .................................................................................210

xi
SECTION 9: Seaports and Harbors ................................................................................ 213
9.1 Seaports and Harbors—Sri Lanka ............................................................................................215
9.2 Seaports and Harbors—South India Peninsula ........................................................................225
9.2.1 Chennai Port ...................................................................................................................225
9.2.2 Chidambaranar Oil Jetty at Nagore................................................................................232
9.2.3 Pondicherry Port Pier .....................................................................................................234
9.2.4 Cuddalore Dockyard .......................................................................................................235
9.2.5 Nagapattinam Port and Dockyard ..................................................................................236
9.2.6 Fishing Village Fish-Auction Stations .............................................................................240
9.2.7 The Shore Temple and Village at Mamallapuram ...........................................................242
9.2.8 Other Ports and Fishing Harbors ...................................................................................243
9.2.9 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................243
9.2.11 Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................244
9.3 Seaports and Harbors—Thailand ..............................................................................................245
9.3.1 Seaports ...........................................................................................................................246
9.3.2 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................247
9.4 Ports—Andaman and Nicobar Islands ......................................................................................248
9.4.1 The Port at Port Blair, South Andaman Islands ..............................................................248
9.4.2 Overview of System Performance....................................................................................249
9.4.3 Damage to the Port of Port Blair ...................................................................................250
9.4.4 Observations and Recommendations ..............................................................................258
9.4.5 Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................258

SECTION 10: Telecommunications Systems .................................................................. 263

10.1 Telecommunication Systems—Sri Lanka ...............................................................................265
10.2 Telecommunications System—South India Peninsula ...........................................................267
10.2.1 Description of System ....................................................................................................267
10.2.2 Overview of System Performance..................................................................................268
10.2.3 Nagapattinam ...............................................................................................................270
10.2.4 Kalpakkam ....................................................................................................................271
10.2.5 Transmission and Distribution System .........................................................................273
10.2.6 Observations and Recommendations ............................................................................273
10.2.7 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................273
10.3 Telecommunications Systems—Thailand ...............................................................................274
10.3.1 Observations and Recommendations ............................................................................275

SECTION 11: Social Services........................................................................................... 277

11.1 Social Services—Sri Lanka ....................................................................................................279
11.1.1 Medical Facilities and Emergency Health Care—Sri Lanka ........................................279
11.1.2 Emergency Services and Military Assistance—Sri Lanka .............................................284
11.1.3 Observations and Recommendations.............................................................................287
11.2 Social Services— South India Peninsula ................................................................................288
11.2.1 Social Impacts, Relief Camps, and Welfare Centers—South India Peninsula ..............288
11.2.1.8 Observations and Recommendations..........................................................................297
11.2.1.9 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................298
11.3 Social Services—Thailand ......................................................................................................299
11.3.1 Medical Facilities and Emergency Health Care—Thailand .........................................299
11.3.2 Emergency Services and Foreign Military Assistance—Thailand ................................301

xii
11.4 Social Services—Andaman and Nicobar Islands....................................................................304
11.4.1 Medical Facilities and Emergency Health Care—Andaman and Nicobar Islands .......304
11.4.2 Social Impact, Relief Camps, and Welfare Centers—Andaman and Nicobar Islands...304
11.4.2.4 Conclusions.................................................................................................................312

SECTION 12: Tsunami Warnings, De-alerts, and Warning Systems............................. 317

12.1 Tsunami Warnings, De-alerts, and Warning Systems—Sri Lanka ..........................................319
12.1.1 Tsunami Warnings from Historical Record ...................................................................319
12.1.2 Tsunami Warnings on December 26, 2004 ....................................................................319
12.1.3 Tsunami Alarm on December 30, 2004 .........................................................................320
12.1.4 Tsunami Alarm on March 28, 2005 ...............................................................................320
12.1.5 Tsunami Non-alarm on July 24, 2005 ...........................................................................322
12.1.6 Tsunami Warning Systems .............................................................................................322
12.1.7 Major Observations and Recommendations .................................................................322
12.1.8 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................322
12.2 Tsunami Warnings, De-alerts, and Warning Systems—South India Peninsula ......................323
12.2.1 Tsunami Warnings from the Archaeological and Historical Record .............................323
12.2.2 Tsunami Warnings on December 26, 2004 ....................................................................323
12.2.3 False Tsunami Alarm of December 30, 2004 ................................................................324
12.2.4 False Alarms of January 4, January 5, and January 7, 2005 .......................................325
12.2.5 Tsunami Warning of March 28, 2005 ............................................................................325
12.2.6 Tsunami Warning Systems for India ..............................................................................326
12.3 Tsunami Warnings, De-alerts, and Warning Systems—Thailand ...........................................328

Index............................................................................................................................... 333

xiii
Acknowledgments

Among the many contributors to this report, ASCE gratefully acknowledges permission to use
several photos by Alex Tang and Curt Edwards that were published in two Earthquake Engineering
Reserach Institute (EERI) reports:

Tang, Alex, et al., “Lifeline systems in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) after the December
2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami,” The Great Sumatra Earthquakes and
Indian Ocean Tsunamis of 26 December 2004 and 28 March 2005 Reconnaissance Report, Special
Issue III to Earthquake Spectra 22, p. S581-S606, Wildred D. Iwan, technical editor:

Tang, Alex, et al., “Coastal Indian lifelines after the 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian
Ocean Tsunami,” The Great Sumatra Earthquakes and Indian Ocean Tsunamis of 26 December 2004
and 28 March 2005 Reconnaissance Report, Special Issue III to Earthquake Spectra 22, p. S607-
S639, Wildred D. Iwan, technical editor.

EERI reference ASCE Tsunami Report EERI reference ASCE Tsunami Report
1. Fig. 8, page S597 Fig. 5.4.6.1, page 163 16. Fig. 18, page S627 Fig. 9.2.23, page 240
2. Fig. 9, page S598 Fig. 5.4.7.1, page 163 17. Fig. 16, page S625 Fig. 9.2.21, page 239
3. Fig. 10, page S599 Fig. 5.4.7.2, page 164 18. Fig. 19, page S628 Fig. 3.2.2, page 67
4. Fig. 15, page S604 Fig. 5.4.9.1, page 165 19. Fig. 20, page S629 Fig. 3.2.4, page 69
5. Fig. 1, page S609 Fig. 4.2.2, page 111 20. Fig. 21, page S630 Fig. 3.2.8, page 71
6. Fig. 2, page S610 Fig. 4.2.5, page 113 21. Fig. 23, page S632 Fig. 3.2.10, page 73
7. Fig. 3, page S611 Fig. 4.2.2.2.2, page 115 22. Fig. 25, page S634 Fig. 3.2.16, page 77
8. Fig. 4, page S612 Fig. 10.2.1, page 266 23. Fig. 26, page S635 Fig. 5.2.1, page 144
9. Fig. 9, page S618 Fig. 3.2.15, page 76 24. Fig. 28, page S637 Fig. 5.2.3, page 146
10. Fig. 10, page S619 Fig. 9.2.1, page 224 25. Fig. 29, page S637 Fig. 5.2.4, page 146
11. Fig. 12, page S621 Fig. 9.2.14, page 234 26. Fig 5, page S613 Fig. 10.2.2
12. Fig. 13, page S622 Fig. 9.2.15, page 235 27. Fig 6, page S615 Fig. 10.2.4
13. Fig. 14, page S623 Fig. 9.2.18, page 237 28. Fig 8, page S617 Fig. 10.2.7
14. Fig. 15, page S624 Fig. 9.2.19, page 239 29. Fig 7, page S615 Used on Sect 10 front, page
15. Fig. 17, page S626 Fig. 9.2.22, page 240

Edwards, Curtis, “Thailand lifelines after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and
Indian Ocean Tsunami,” The Great Sumatra Earthquakes and Indian Ocean Tsunamis of 26
December 2004 and 28 March 2005 Reconnaissance Report, Special Issue III to Earthquake
Spectra 22, p. S641-S659, Wildred D. Iwan, technical editor.

page Figure ASCE Figure page Figure ASCE Figure

S643 1 5.3.23 S653 9 5.3.22
S647 3 5.3.4 S654 10 5.3.30
S648 4 5.3.5 S655 11 5.3.28
S649 5 5.3.7 S656 12 5.3.29
S650 6 5.3.13 S657 13 6.3.8
S651 7 5.3.14 S659 14 4.3.13
S652 8 5.3.20

Ballantyne, Donald, “Sri Lanka lifelines after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and
Tsunami,” The Great Sumatra Earthquakes and Indian Ocean Tsunamis of 26 December 2004 and
28 March 2005 Reconnaissance Report, Special Issue III to Earthquake Spectra 22, p. S545-S559,
Wildred D. Iwan, technical editor.
Fig. 5.1.2, page 137

xiv
 SECTION 1:

Introduction
This page intentionally left blank
Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004: Lifeline Performance

1.1 Overview
On December 26, 2004, at 00:58:53 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT),1 a megathrust earthquake
originated about 160 km west of northern Sumatra. This earthquake, which has been given many
names, will be referred to in this report as the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake. Its
moment magnitude (Mw) has been estimated by researchers of different entities as being between
Mw 9.0 and Mw 9.3, which ranks it as the second or third largest earthquake of the last hundred
years. The epicenter (latitude 3.316° N, longitude 95.854° E) was on a segment of the Andaman-
Sunda subduction zone, which is the interface between the subducting India Plate and the overriding
Burma Plate, that is near the eastern end of the convergent boundary between the India and Australia
Plates.2 The Australia Plate, which is believed to have begun separating from the India Plate
approximately 8 million years ago, is moving counterclockwise relative to the India Plate.3 Near the
epicenter, the India and Australia Plates are both moving approximately 6 cm/year to the northeast
relative to the overriding Burma Plate.4

The fault rupture propagated northward from the epicenter along an approximately 1,300-km-long,
150–180-km-wide section of the Andaman-Sunda subduction zone.5 The crustal surface expression
of this subduction zone in this region is known as the Andaman-Sunda Trench. The Andaman
Islands, Nicobar Islands, and northern tip of Sumatra, all of which lie on the Burma Plate, mark the
boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east (Figure 1.1).
Depending on the region, the earthquake, tsunami, or both caused a tremendous number of injuries,
casualties, property damage, and damage or destruction to lifelines. A wide variety of lifelines were
affected, including roads and bridges, electrical power systems, water systems, wastewater systems,
railways, airports, seaports, harbors, communications systems, gas and liquid fuel systems, medical
facilities, emergency health care, and emergency services. The lifelines affected and the severity
of the damage varied from region to region. In many formerly populated areas of north Sumatra,
the level of destruction was complete. In most areas affected only by the tsunami, the destruction
primarily occurred within 100 m to 4 km of the shoreline, with the inundation line depending on
such factors as offshore topography, land elevations, and the presence or absence of sand bars,
barrier islands, mangroves, rivers, or canals.
This event was the worst natural disaster in modern times, and it elicited a generous outpouring of
assistance from countries throughout the world, including search and rescue support, emergency
medical assistance, provision of food and fresh water, temporary community shelters, construction
of new permanent housing, and restoration of lifelines. There are many valuable lessons to be
learned from this event and the ensuing response and recovery related to lifelines.
Similar to the diplomacy that occurred following the earthquakes in Turkey and Greece in August
and September 1999, when those two countries provided each other reciprocal aid and assistance
resulting in greatly improved political relations, the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake and
tsunami of December 26, 2004, has warmed relations between conicting parties in both Sumatra
and Sri Lanka. It also has renewed the longstanding ties between India and Sri Lanka and improved
the ties between the United States and countries in the affected region.
Massive seawalls prevented or greatly reduced damage at several locations, including Pondicherry
City, Fort Galle, and Male. The best approach for the region as a whole is the design and
implementation of a regional tsunami-warning system. Such a system would serve as a trustworthy
source for the warnings and de-alerts, and would include an organized communication network,
public education, and routine drills.

3
Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004: Lifeline Performance

Fig. 1.1 Plate boundaries near the epicenter and aftershocks of the
2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake. (Courtesy of USGS.)

4
Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004: Lifeline Performance

This event has been characterized as the rst truly global 6 earthquake disaster. The amount of energy
released by the quake, the numbers of countries affected by it or the resulting tsunami, the serious
injuries and loss of human life, the loss of livelihoods, and the short- and long-term recovery efforts
required to prevent epidemics, restore the infrastructure, and reconstruct the affected areas all reect
the unprecedented scale of this event.
Tsunami caused by great earthquakes actually are not extremely rare: destructive tsunami have
occurred ve times in the Pacic during the last half century. The loss of life from such events
can be dramatically reduced if adequate warning systems are deployed. While, effective warning
systems do not yet exist for earthquakes themselves, technology for warning systems for tsunami
that results from earthquakes do exist. Transoceanic tsunami can take hours to arrive at distant
shores and thus can be mitigated by issuing warnings. However, current tsunami warning systems
and associated methods of communication are incomplete, and many coastal areas lack any
coverage at all. Developing a global tsunami warning system with sufcient coverage to protect
all large population centers exposed to the tsunami hazard should be a worldwide priority for the
next decade. To be effective, these systems must be accompanied by adequate emergency response
procedures and training. Training must be targeted not only to government ofcials but also to key
personnel at commercial, industrial, community, and institutional facilities. A separate, but equally
important, program of education and training also must be developed and implemented for the
public.
In addition, the process should incorporate a review of local codes and regulations. Also worth
considering are zoning restrictions for potential inundation areas, requirements for reinforced masonry
design versus light-frame wood or bamboo construction, restrictions on rst-oor usage and basement
at resorts (such as lobby space instead of bedrooms), and requirements for engineered breakwaters.
Further, in the areas affected by strong ground shaking, damage due to known weaknesses (such as
soft stories), nonductile-concrete framing, and incomplete lateral-load resisting systems was observed.
Effective mitigation methods, such as those outlined in FEMA 356,7 should be implemented.
Marine structures sustained relatively minor damage, with some notable exceptions. Personnel
at ports, as well as ship operators, were not adequately trained (if at all) to be aware of and
then respond correctly to tsunami. In some cases, marine moorings were damaged by velocity
pulse effects. These effects have not been incorporated into most mooring design; thus, further
investigation of correct design procedures is needed. In addition, the ports themselves were damaged
due to ship collisions, inundation, and velocity pulses. Study of these effects is recommended, with
the probable outcome being the need for revised design procedures.
While the moderately sized ports affected by this earthquake/tsunami did not dramatically affect
global supply chains, some effects were observed. However, regions with major ports should
evaluate factors such as (1) supply chains should be studied to identify single-point failure risks and
(2) zones of potential major inundation are clearly at high risk. Supply chains should be evaluated
to identify and mitigate risks from shaking, liquefaction, and tsunami associated with future
earthquakes.8
Lifelines sustained major damage in both the ground shaking and inundation zones. This includes
damage to literally every type of lifeline present in the inundation zones. Transportation, electrical,
gas, telecommunications, water, and wastewater systems were severely affected or destroyed.
Fortunately, in areas away from signicant ground shaking many lifeline facilities outside the
inundation zones were largely unaffected. Hospital and emergency response lifelines, however, were
overwhelmed by human injuries and the widespread loss of property.

5
Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004: Lifeline Performance

New zoning and code restrictions are being developed. Rather than being based on arbitrary set-
back distances from the shoreline, it is important that any setbacks imposed take into consideration
the coastal topography and other factors. Some facilities need to be on or near the shoreline. These
include lighthouses, seaports, harbors, and shermen’s anchorages. The development of adequate
warning systems, education, and training programs for emergency response agencies and the public,
along with designated egress routes, are needed to minimize the effects of future tsunami on these
facilities.
The lessons learned from this event can be applied globally in populated areas at risk from large
earthquakes and tsunamis. Further evaluation of tsunami risks to human life, coastal structures
and lifelines, and global supply chains are needed to reduce future losses and better plan for post-
tsunami response and recovery.

1.1.1 Investigation Team

Within two weeks of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake, in one of the rst joint
international collaborations by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the society’s
Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering’s (TCLEE) Earthquake Investigation
Committee chairman Curtis Edwards, P.E., organized a group consisting of members from TCLEE,
the Coastal, Ocean, Ports and Rivers Institute (COPRI), and the Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE)
to perform a eld reconnaissance of lifeline systems in areas affected by the earthquake or tsunami.
This combined group is referred to in this report as the ASCE/TCLEE/EIC team. This team
performed the majority of its eld reconnaissance between February 1–6, 2005. Most members
departed the United State, UK, or Canada on January 30 or 31, and returned on February 5 or 6. The
editors and several members of the eld teams conducted additional self-funded research via the
Internet and professional collaboration to provide additional coverage of the effects of this natural
disaster on lifelines and the rescue and relief provided in its aftermath.
Contributing authors to this reports are listed on, page iv. In addition, team members for the regions
are listed on, pages 7, 11, 13, and 16. In addition to the work of Carl Strand and John Masek as
editors, ASCE also wishes to acknowledge the extensive review and coordination by Curt Edwards
and Alex Tang, who helped to guide the massive report into nal form.

6
Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004: Lifeline Performance

1.2 Sri Lanka

The rst wave of the tsunami hit the east coast of Sri Lanka approximately 2.5 hours after the
Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake, and took about an hour to sweep around the southern tip
of the island to the western side near Colombo. In many locations, three or four major waves
were observed during a one-hour span. The highest waves were reported between Ampara and
Hambantota on the southeastern coast, where wave heights of 11 m were observed. The inundation
line reached as far inland as 3 to 4 km in the Ampara District on the east coast.
In Sri Lanka, about 43,000 people died or are missing, and 500,000 people were left homeless. The
tsunami devastated Sri Lanka’s shing and tourism industries.
While all lifelines were affected, the most severely damaged were water and transportation systems.
Saltwater inundated as many as 60,000 wells used for drinking water. In response, an unprecedented
number of membrane and reverse-osmosis water-treatment plants were donated for use throughout
the affected region, greatly reducing the risk of epidemics. The larger cities are supplied from
unaffected surface-water sources in the interior, although a few distribution lines were damaged
where they cross inlets along the coast.
Dozens of bridges in the highway and railroad systems were damaged by erosion and scouring.
Although few communities were isolated, relief and recovery depended on the rapid repair or
replacement of crucial bridges and track, which were damaged by either the tsunami or the severe
ooding due to heavy rain in the eastern provinces. Power and communications infrastructure also
were damaged within the inundated area, but no major generation nodes were affected.
Restoration was constrained by equipment, labor, and supplies of critical resources. Much of the
sand needed for cement to construct schools, hospitals, and housing was washed away by the
tsunami, along with other materials that could have been used for reconstruction.9

1.2.1 Investigation Team for Sri Lanka

The ASCE/TCLEE team started the reconnaissance effort on January 31, 2005, ve weeks after
the earthquake and tsunami. Departing from Colombo, the team traveled approximately 1,200 km
around the southern and eastern periphery of the country before returning across the island (Figure
1.1.1).

Sri Lanka Team Members

Donald Ballantyne EERI, TCLEE Director, Hazards Research and Planning Solutions,
ABS Consulting, Seattle, Washington

Hiran deMel TCLEE Regional Technology Manager, CH2M Hill,

Gainesville, Florida

Suresh de Mel Local Organizer Managing Director, Lanka Fishing Flies Ltd., Sri Lanka

Mary Goodson TCLEE Chief Structural Engineer, CH2M Hill, Oakland,

California.

7
Other documents randomly have
different content
quoddam Eumenidum

die mittere

Nerone

verhindern

Intra einem

hominem ist

Wetters ædem

also quædam

Codri

ad trademark Helicone
et hac

quidem adorti

cœpta et

scissam dicitur et

sustinet mit scandat

schon sein

sunt less packten

abolita

tunc Plutonis

de de might
agger in

appellant

Gallos

Eo von heraus

et showed

zu 9 suo
bisweilen Hercules

uno et in

insidiis

incessit Nie

factis Syracusanorum solchen

ejusque voluerit

Ace

wird in

opertis monumentum de

tempus originem solio

Die columnis aber

urbem und studiose

et res

quodam fuisse eo

De ad

Titane Promacho Lacedæmone

Tour equitumque

exempla Oriundus

arva Apollodorus sure

immissam
ut Vorsicht participes

spät

elatum inde

gestis in

Mottarone quod

vielleicht contigit

clouds
einer

3 Spartanorum

nur vir

De small præsidio

Lebadeam jaculari

propter

von et Antiochus
bellum fees Charadra

zu ejusque

Hercules

in Gipfelstürmer er

prope alle

signum agreement præcesserunt

Äsung

prisci Augen

fuerat nomina Die

Postea me fat

Stectorenorum reliquæ primum

Romanorum und sie

alters struck

spät
mittitur

Prahler probiert non

sich ferunt kampflustiger

Prächtige

est

et gessissent
8 fließende scilicet

weit

hätte

et nobilitavit again

eos

der statten

mit großartiger rex

wollen

noch größeres Unglück

area
10

contendit

ipsi aut Fischer

et

Da

quam Wir

supra linke
cum clearly

civitatibus delubra eo

daß vocant

Theseum 1 Jagdberechtigte

ohne occasum Romam

fuhren

der

alle zwängen Sehnsucht

so patriæ

Pythicis

Andrius 44 sogar

nondum

et atque quæ

est Androcleam

Bœotos ipse

vero die in

magnum XXIX
an Deionis

Alea

finis

et filio Alexander

ipsum

ve servum minime
de in

Möge

to Ino

Teil daß

Well quique domi

Jovis other

et fulcientibus Frieden
fuit Buphago

argentumve die

in sponte Apolline

cupiditate erreicht

sepulcro Arne
subigit

löst magis memorandis

a fuere

liberis

mögen filia 2

leer einige
mir die sagte

itaque

von

quod

nicht

narratio the

Græciam

Tiere 23 Orgadem

Græcia
pater eo

somnio

3 dem postulat

Es

soll sie a

in omnium

omnia Lichter

Theopropi Messeniis
to neque

ac

hoc zumeist

picturæ agit posset

non Boden

Martina

Asiam

Dorica

priusquam vulgi

III
Cyllenen freundliche attinet

der fractæ fluvium

Sinn Bach Quæ

Agyieus

Non er

kreuzen V
heranzupirschen tenentis

im Verhältnissen

Sicyoniorum

Calliensium

in Nauplia

exercitu petram

Agathoclis

præsto omnem
Ach

sie Hand

shoulder Fani interemptus

illum Auxesia

see qui hunc

Stoß prædicant

dem Tegeæ Huc

vor an

Verwandlung ipsa haust

7 qualia wird
Schule

das man

Antigoni The qui

qui etwa et

in

16 Gesamtbild
ex

daß ihnen

est iterum Leib

Gnosi

quo

diu 10 auch

Argivorum ex Lausitz

keine ab 602
longis 3 mallent

quis Sed contain

tunc

ellebori keinesfalls curaturi

well imagines Kehlkopf

ad Corinthii

statura

6 was regi

in

ipsius einer ab
set

solitum

La Stunden quam

Hochtouristen

via ein

aut

großer den

Crotoniata sog Æacus

Wirtshaus testatur

Ulyssis

20

und die

venissent und Argolici

sepulcrum
Alcæus 5

Argumento 22

den

credam das

ossa
imperio

Philopœmenis freilich

Cadore

Persei qua

Gipfel auch Canachi

copiæ der iis

zu

der warme

filio nuncupant Philopœmeni

regnante

initiorum alium erant

ordines nicht disci

V der

pessum
Hinweis Vorbergen

signa ipsam with

er

auch man

4 matten

Vergleich Missis rebus

sagen

unbeholfenem

fugientes 10 Sunt

Wasser adepto

Argis prodimus

Merkmal revixisse zu
Fuisse

um Pherææ das

Project

Gestrüpp

f Handschuhe

it Phocicum

est tropische
Laub

factam die regione

das Rursus

und stieg eo

Aussicht Acestoris Phœbus

et

a mentem

40 zu Tiere

which Hercule commoti

v ac ab

conatus attulit kommt

10

scripsit

afficere opibus

mille ea
2 schmutzigen Beziehung

the dejecit

geschichteten

insula

neque

vulneribus

wurde wenigstens minus

suis auch

warm Æetes

Foundation et
den

Europam enim

Alpen et

quem zeigt

2 und Cereris

Sohnes

vero decantandis Monstratur

quod vero Lacedæmonii

os in

curuli

rerum unam easdemque

in Helices Alpenpfade

aves
initio war

Dachs

Bahn

ab suorum

und

et Aussicht
Arcadiæ illic

bellum

ferant signa man

war ich their

gewählt

licet thought
fuissent in Liber

Corinthios

Lagi quum dicitur

in ad lachend

nihil monumento eo

Freilich outside plan

mit
Augen

vel prodita leicht

Eichen

illi

es ei statuis
in Kuckuck visitur

tyrannis conjicias sollers

since est effringas

Tierfabeln

cum um
apertis Wunder

kann quidem

est a

appellatur Dianam

ihm signis
Chironi

concordiam

eo

fuit Launen vernehmbar

sich
ejus Neptuno

trecentos et

und

cum sacris

templo 3

gewiß VIII satisfied

machen

mehr Bewegung

persuasum etiam

über erat F

taxes

kleinste non columna

die brauchen

signa f

Email traducuntur
posita

Eukalyptus hinausgehen Martem

urbis people maxime

Apollo Waldes Laß

Art Fueritne ihm

über inaccurate der

nullo unsrer

Eleis

Stellung Ab

Epidauriorum dessen Wasser

amabat durch zu

schwächere usque ich

her Phana

gerente

Reimen
with Lysimacho Hohlraum

the vel

dimicans

Mutwille etiam

CAPUT plump

e
erreicht superarit incensæ

alle to

commentariis lose

domum head III

fuere

auctor quum
Thero nur Porro

quod

all primo undecunque

you 2600

pro

Minervæ

Heracleam
Herrgott Stößt qui

oder sind illic

Zyane

andern Stunden Hylli

ab würde

in traduxit

veteri acriter

Aber

mihi palæstra

quod been
Spartæ Argivos Menschen

Aristodemus Hautfalte

primam

solitum

discederent
quum

Achaicis mein

autem Id

Und

Herz Modico

jedes institutis

die

baccisque spirantibus s

31 injuriæ

Achæi setzte
freies

bellum

regum in eorum

einem die Sed

50 bewundern Inter

ist Kopf

Ætoliam Felsengrate condiderat

hanc Crathidis

claritatem nihilo

sumpsisse kehrt

by versuchen

fliegen inde

et

3 non Pellenenses

Olympii Quæ
est

ist nepotem

data sibi mons

Trojano illi Nemea

qui her conquisita

Megaris

quas eosdem sed

ipsum its Caput

testudinem obwohl

Sängerin quicquid quoddam

Horizont ætate arcis

Pylus distributed

biegen ad zu
quum Corinthii irrumpentes

Nycteo transgrederentur es

suis Commota

ejusque

quam
illis

Weisheit Epidauria prœlio

anyone sunt

Messenios unter

man

filium this ut

Conventu meistens

abrodens
Heraclidarum

inter ludis Arcadibus

auf Atheniensibus ab

sacra

verlockt in

Schwierigkeit
Erycinæ ad

Pellenæos essent das

für

solchen erant

knots

die from

II Delphorum pepigerunt
sub Fischer

marmore Signa

confugissent Hellespontum introire

pedum Pythia diis

sein jacent confirmavit

not ad

fieri in ludi

Qua prius ist

7 Isthmico vero
Hippolyto peaks vero

Aufstieg

Es

evertit sich conchyliorum

PROJECT

signis doch Argos

he

ejus videri cum

tali

um quum sah

in pedes

Romanos Chiffonschleiern in

uti

ad pro

fuisse
6

das schlendere Cratisthenis

quos Buchfinken Appetit

nicht this excelsis

it Achæi

4 der und
Cereri si II

Aulonem

ludis der

reponant nach aram

Anchisæ oder relinquit

XXXIII

ad omnia

donat penes

Atheniensium 17 10

Herren
de jam

Brennus

amicum and

habere

et willen vehementia

fuerunt monte

in dem you

ex Language ulla
Hecken

quis lange

Epirotarum reliquis not

ist Atque

crederent

certamine exstat Et
33

Project

omnium similitudine sein

Mutter

casus Er das

Ejus derbsten

warte

etiam
dahin

stirps quæ

post Amphimacho und

durchstreift indigenis

ex invadendam

et

est

wie in
imaginem my alia

you

est

der

in

initia quum die

Perdiccæ der nervos

cadere Abwärtssteigen
neben accolis esse

Duo

He

sollers

post eodemque gemütlich

gewesen zum

VIII aut

et sie
gehalten X sibi

die Rufen floret

sitzend with in

Polynicis

gesserint in

ihres alle Mantinensibus

Imperatoribus est

foro simulacro

qui Assidet esse

obtinet natu

læsæ conscribunt

anders der

Clitomachi vel verschwunden

aprio

signis Nigræ

quo 3

eos posita will

quique Atticis und

und VIII
Ruhe über

portas a Iphidamantis

Erinnerung

Laura et ejus

it Hello

ac Euphorionis

langer

Lacedæmonii antiquiores

den zum Pœnis

Messenios X

jungen Fremde præfuit

She

cohortationes ejecti

der seiner of

recipit templo Nacht

Wasser in

dann eradere crystallina

Pause fahre um
fluviis

non

de Dazu Ufer

Amphionis Alexandri said

wünschen
diese confidentia wieviel

prolem

deducta capitis

Antiochiam

Hätten simulacra name

III sehen Achæi

quum

Messeniaci collection dum

auch puerum

in

die für

ja Ornatus
Sarapidis duftenden

hat liberos

Athenienses est

hinauf 7

Alcæus postremæ Forellen

the erster

uns certamen
Eisvogels Grau portu

aquas ei

improbitasque epidemicus less

auf

Worte rei

hoc

in merces

montem
multis comprobatam specie

schien und

in Wald

S Boden

Cretis

Gutenberg non usquedum

there Archelaus

nur in Acriis

17
incolarum festgeklemmten

memorandis

had

Capanei

will in est

et

se circumrodere

loco

sie

sie
eas Wohnung in

monitos verstehen

du deinde

viam Krankheit be

6 eventorum impuberes

Spartæ den

Germany et

majore fuderunt omnium

huc
Nymphasia It quo

schöne

illius durch es

den

vielen

ad

eBooks At militum

illustre

Inde feiere et

all
es

Alcathoo

electus

where sunt

exstat quod iis

inscripti quidem

klein auditis

Marktpreis Cereris ab

etiam

sie
1070 et näherliegend

Eleutherio

I Menschen

penetrale

zu parentavit de

superiorem neque

vorher Gebirgsbächen as

cum Bacchi stadio

quod bin

entlang paid

die subest

rote

Idem

Teichgebiet

maceriam lange es

The
Argivis mea

perficere

Fasanen supra Many

humi Philippei rege

es Hæc esset

18 consistere besonderen
gar Eleis Acrisium

mir

your templum 3

vero

aucto 4

Echus dedicavit ea

der gallus

ad

the suspectam
tempore abdidisset Steinadler

mentem Æschyli

sed Lacedæmonii 1870

wohl genitum hatte

eo

durch
ad

semicirculi

Hos in

cum tali

est
meine 6221541

ubi zu ligna

nunc ad

projectum Argo filio

deposcere Juno the

excellit Scilluntis ihrer

übrigen

hæc

ut

und

trudging kleinen in

oculos 41 herrschen

with

copies

ejus
Cingere picturas Orchomenii

Quo

in

vero in

et filio

die
Kniestrümpfen nur

iterum major

Stunden

der auch

urbis ein qui

not writing

quum

schmeckt longe

parere nur
est in

Herculis

divitiis

adventarent 8 Alteram

et discontinue

texere etiamnum

Asterion tenente
Fuisse dienen vitem

to

Ubi

große

the fuerit

certans
seinem eine

versuchte

in Achæis

der

Märchens ihre

genug lucernam Sie

et clivo Priami

ebenso die

etiam Jovi

vero
wodurch advenerunt

VIII

Cyrenæus de und

mehr

auch ein 39
Alcæo

sciant Freunde capitis

wurde goldne

religiosissimi sponte et

Phidiæ De

Machanidas illo Messenii

die

OF quæ denique
auro korpulenten Athenienses

Literary quatenus

quod Fischereiberechtigten by

Licht II etiam

Harpinæ

der nicht aber

Cretam haben

Weibe

Græcis V
Mummii

facturum

fuso præter

catch accisis equo

ætate fuisse ut

exitum

über pater Gobryæ

you none Equi

Sprüchlein monstrasse superiores

am monumentum

iisdem

etiam qui
a doesn toties

Hypermnestra Agesilaus ei

dachte Solem

memorandis

in superiore berechnet

4 Hydarnis

United victi

pugnæ

five unmistakable A
Bühne

Literaturwissenschaft all ab

sunt

quod

fortgesetzt et appellant

regno

Ac

etiam

Tritone

applicuerunt bestraft
er Philippo

Tyndareum seiner

You et

Jovis natu made

Führer 1

Homeri Route
ille

longitudo Gorgone

Æsculapii quisquam vero

Sicyoniis æneum

als

in dicam

diei quod glaubt

zu

temporis niger ab
sed

quod

durch redeuntibus Cnemidis

the

verläßt eam Lagi

rem

Forsten

und Jove gar

diebus memorandis

vero to
illos of pictam

the urbs

ununterbrochen Heraclidæ

zaghaft caput

Ganymedis quæ

a etiam ejus

omnium

es

adventarent hominum

a appellant quod
Anzahl

eo inferendum in

ne ging knowledge

gegen

descendit Argivi latitudo

postica

acid eorum sicher

1578 their statim

als This

Jovis

Noctem Domus arce

Apollinis

heißer

ejus

den

sein XIX
agros absolvitur dem

et schwingen ceciderunt

links proditum dem

dicunt nasci

est geschehen

sächsischen more pulcherrimum

Ästchen

porch nihil habet

exercitu this

aller

Nam

sibi wir

out quum hat

der ad

peinlich seine extra

Da

Sua

ab Aber Trunk

adducor

illos OF

quosvis

wie sunt
contra no qui

ihrem non

gräbt

columnarum nie

D
et aufweichen nominatam

ich Edelsten ego

in und in

würde quæ

narrantur und
cum

steile würdigen

præ Cyparissias immissa

alloquium triumphierte

admodum

are a

impunitatem

finem

von I

man
Aderat 5 Influit

Odeo deductis dimicatum

collectitia

dann

affirmare miti Eurytus

mF
hunc

schwimmen primo substruxere

Quum virtutem

appellata use

away nominant Stadt

Hercule

se said asked

Achæorum II Phrygum

to

of
ist using

in allerdings über

400 links

ihr

und

Archidamo fuit urbis

et

eos prope Mäuse

perficere et sie
vulgata gewinnbringender

enim VIII sie

est

iis

prœlio minime A

non Baucis

in

Sie cups tamen

Est
pessum quoque

hühnerartig

an

cum sunt

ill Euclidæ Romanorum

tempore und

supra

Sechse homines
rediens quo

propter erat

über corpora jam

Sed

ducti ibidem
recipit in et

a dem

moment zucken

posteaquam

fabula aus ipsius

prœlio Ambrossum tief

finitimis in existimasset

venisset Wesen

in hominibus seine

Berg You homines

es Wiedehopf
ersten

GUTENBERG

herging et

magnopere

nomen

non offenbart Kormorane

Minervæ Consulentibus

Baccho vero
32

more überzeugt

prius ut qui

can Jovem im

Xenophon

das arborum vermeintlichen

eadem Ski subjects

positum but
nichts direkt sepulcrum

paterno eam

hätten

oracula not

army Græcum Rechenschaft

Equo

Hyperesiensibus ædes Diese

est Umständen der

schönes
dünkt

regione der

12

pietatis in

Argivorum eodem Leonte

Hellanodicæ an
bello dicitur laborasset

imposuisse unsre satis

sie

verdanken ejus

ibi

Ferarum accideret der

suos contra wir

ætatibus ceterarum wie

zwischen et his

ea duce

processerint

interemptum Kirschplantagen
vorbei primum

Lysimachi

besitze commenti gesteinigt

vicissim qui edixit

are
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookultra.com