MathTıme TM

Professional II
PostScript fonts
for typesetting
mathematics
with TEX

MathTıme is a trademark of Publish or Perish, Inc.

 TM
The MathTıme Professional Fonts

Introduction
The MathTımeProfessional fonts* are PostScript fonts designed to allow the
highest quality mathematical typesetting with TEX. Normally, TEX produces
formulas like z 3 = x3 + y 3 and
X ∂m ∂n ∂α ∂γ
C= +
∂x ∂y ∂ζ ∂ξ
and
 3
v
u X n
N X  
u M ∂uβ √ 
u  2 + 1 + XY 
u
t r ∂xi 
β=1 i=1
1−
g
x1 + · · · + uN

that were designed to be used with the “Computer Modern” family of text
fonts. Unfortunately, these formulas don’t match up very well with many of
the traditional text fonts that one can now use in TEX, like the “Times” font
that is being used here.

The MathTımeProfessional fonts were specifically designed to be used with

Times, producing formulas like z 3 D x 3 C y 3 and
X @m @n @˛ @
C D C
@x @y @ @

that match the style of the Times text fonts, with “Times-italic-like” letters;
they also allow other special constructions that improve the results previously
obtainable with TEX:
r X
N X
n 
˘3
M @uˇ p
 2 C 1 C XY
r @xi
ˇ D1 iD1
1
F
x1 C


C uN

*MathTıme is a trademark of Publish or Perish, Inc.

1
2 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts

These fonts also turn out to be quite compatible with various other text fonts,
though the text font size may have to be adjusted slightly, so that the x-heights
will match. The designer of the MathTımeProfessional fonts likes to use them
with the Monotype Baskerville text fonts; the Baskerville italic text letters like
m, n, x, and y are quite different from the letters m, n, x and y that appear in
formulas, but this might be regarded as an advantage, giving the mathematics
letters greater weight.

The MathTımeProfessional fonts, like the Computer Modern fonts, retain one
important design feature that has generally been discarded in the PostScript
world: the characters used for superscripts and for second-order superscripts
come from specially designed fonts, so that instead of a formula like C xy with
cramped, rather spindly, superscripts that are merely 70% reductions of x, y,
we get the more pleasing formula C xy , and instead of

X j ...j ∂x i1 ∂x ik ∂x 0β1 ∂x 0βl

A0βα11 ...β l
...αk = Ai11...ikl · · · · · ·
i1 ,...,ik
∂x 0α1 ∂x 0αk ∂x j1 ∂x jl
j1 ,...,jl

with its skinny superscripts and downright anorexic second-order subscripts,

with the MathTımeProfessional fonts we get the much more readable formula

X j :::j @x i1 @x ik @x 0ˇ1 @x 0ˇl

A0ˇ˛11 :::ˇl
:::˛k D Ai11:::ikl





:
@x 0˛1 @x 0˛k @x j1 @x jl
i1 ;:::;ik
j1 ;:::;jl

Of course, all the MathTımeProfessional PostScript fonts can themselves be

scaled. In fact, in this guide, both the text fonts and the mathematics fonts
have been magnified slightly (by about 105%) to make for easier reading.

The MathTımeProfessional package involves a multitude of files, which must

be placed in the proper directories and subdirectories. Installation of the
MathTımeProfessional fonts may have been done for you automatically (for
example, if you are using the fonts with PCTEX). Otherwise you may first
need to consult the separate MathTımeProfessional Installation document.
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 3

The MathTımePro “Lite” Fonts

The complete version of MathTımeProfessional II contains a large number
of fonts, providing bold versions of the standard fonts, numerous additional
symbols, and a wide array of additional alphabets. A special “lite” version,
containing only the basic fonts (sufficient for most standard mathematical
typesetting) is also available, and comes free with PCTEX Publisher.

A simple LATEX option can be used for the lite version, while plain TEX users
can simply dispense with any of the special ‘\load...’ commands that are
used when the other fonts are available. We will first describe the features
of the lite version, which are simply a subset of the extended features of the
complete version.

I. MathTıme Professional and LATEX

A special LATEX macro package mtpro2, designed by Walter Schmidt, allows

the MathTımeProfessional II fonts to be used with LATEX:

\usepackage[hoptionsi]{mtpro2}

with one of the many possible options being ‘lite’.

The documentation file mtpro2.pdf provides all details (as well as a com-
plete technical description of the LATEX implementation). Consequently, the
current documentation is devoted almost entirely to the use of the MathTıme
Professional II fonts with plain TEX (with just a few asides concerning
LATEX).

II. MathTıme Professional and plain TEX

1. To use the MathTımeProfessional II fonts with plain.tex, put

\input mtp2

at the beginning of your file, causing TEX to read in the file mtp2.tex. If your
4 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

file also has the line \input amstex, this should precede the line containing
the command \input mtp2. [See section XVI for differences between usage
for the original MathTımeProfessional fonts and version II.]

2. The macro file mtp2.tex causes the MathTımeProfessional fonts to be

used in mathematics formulas, but it will not affect text—if you are using
Computer Modern, for example, then your text font will remain Computer
Modern—so the choice of text font has to be made separately. For plain
TEX, you might be using a special macro package that chooses the Times
fonts for text. In this case, just load that macro package before you \input
mtp2.
If you are not relying on some such macro package, then you will have to
declare and load the text fonts yourself. Since you not only want your roman
font, ‘times’ say, to be used in text but also for operator names like ‘sin’ and
‘cos’, you probably want to do something like
\font\tentimes=times at 10pt
\font\seventimes=times at 7pt
\font\fivetimes=times at 5.5pt
\textfont0=\tentimes
\scriptfont0=\seventimes
\scriptscriptfont0=\fivetimes
\def\rm{\fam0 \tentimes}
3. Normally, mtp2.tex will use 10 point type for the normal size letters in
math formulas, 7 point type for superscripts, and 5.5 point type for second-
order superscripts. If you’ve used something like the \mag command or the
\magnification command to magnify type size, then the MathTımeProfes-
sional fonts will be magnified accordingly. However, if you’ve decided to
change font sizes “manually”, say by typing
\font\RM= Times at 11pt
\RM
\baselineskip = 13pt
then you can choose the appropriate size for the MathTımeProfessional fonts
by using the \MTP command. For example, you could multiply the sizes by
approximately 110% by typing
\MTP{11pt}{7.7pt}{6pt}
See also section VIII.
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 5

III. Changes for the MathTıme Professional Fonts

Most of the time, when you are typing a mathematics formula in TEX you
can remain oblivious of the fact that the formulas are eventually going to be
typeset in the MathTımeProfessional fonts. However, there are a few things
that you have to be careful about.

1. In plain TEX, the slanted upper-case Greek letters ,
, : : : are obtained

by typing \mit\Gamma, etc. But that won’t work with the MathTımeProfes-
sional fonts, which actually make \mit undefined. Instead, you should just
type \varGamma, \varDelta, etc. These new commands shouldn’t seem
very strange, since they are analogous to \varepsilon and similar com-
mands. As a matter of fact, the MathTımeProfessional fonts have another
variant Greek letter, ~, which is typed as \varkappa.

If you are using LATEX, there is a ‘slantedGreek’ option in the ‘mtpro2’

package that causes \Gamma, : : : , to produce slanted letters automatically,
although upright letters can also be obtained—see 3.

2. In addition to ~, there is ° (\varbeta), an old form of ˇ that you might

find useful if you are trying to imitate certain old books. Similarly, you can
type \vardelta to obtain an old style ². Although the \partial symbol @
looks quite similar, it doesn’t slant as much, and the lower part isn’t quite as
tall; the variant ² has been included on the fonts only because all the various
Greek alphabets (regular, bold, etc.) specified for mathematics in the Unicode
standard include this variant (perversely called ‘partial’). Of course, you could
always use \vardelta in place of \partial if you prefer.

There is also the seldom-used old Greek letter ± (\digamma).

3. The MathTımeProfessional fonts also include upright lowercase Greek let-

ters ’, “, ”, ¯, ±, : : : , which you can get with \upalpha, \upbeta,
\upgamma, \upvarkappa, \upvarbeta, : : : . Though upright lowercase
Greek letters are not customarily used in mathematics, the bold variants (see
section IX) might be found useful.

4. plain TEX users should note that mtp2.tex normally makes \cal unde-
fined, since the “calligraphic” letters actually appear on the Computer Mod-
ern font that contains the math symbols, while the corresponding MathTıme
6 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

Professional font has other characters in those places. In fact, you will prob-
ably prefer to use one of the various “script” fonts provided by the complete
MathTımeProfessional collection. But if you want to use the Computer Mod-
ern calligraphic letters instead of, or in addition to, one of the MathTıme
Professional script fonts, you can put \useCMcal in your file, and \cal will
change fonts in math mode to these calligraphic letters, while \Cal will be
a control sequence with an argument to produce them. Or you might prefer
\useEulercal if you want \cal and \Cal to provide the Euler script font,
or \useLucidacal if you want the Lucida calligraphic font (this font has
lowercase letters, but does not provide different designs for different sizes).

Even more generally, if you had some script font, say scripty, you could
type something like
\useNewcal{scripty}[.95]{scripty}[1.05]{scripty}[1.07]
where the .95, 1.05, and 1.07 might be suitable magnification factors to
make the heights of scripty match with the MathTımeProfessional fonts at
ordinary sizes, in superscripts, and in second-order superscripts, respectively.
The command \oldstyle (and \oldnos in AM-TEX) are undefined for sim-
ilar reasons. Many PostScript text fonts have a companion “expert” font that
contains old style digits for that font in the appropriate ASCII positions, but
mtp2.tex doesn’t attempt to provide commands to use these fonts (which
you are unlikely to use in math mode in the first place).

IV. New Symbols

Aside from additional letters like ~ there are numerous other symbols and
refinements provided by the MathTımeProfessional fonts.
1. There is an ¯ (\hslash) to accompany „ (\hbar) [see also 11. concerning
the symbol „], and there are
µ \dbar
¶ \updbar
° \simarrow
² \varland (variant logical and)
³ \contraction
´ \coloneq
µ \eqcolon
¶ \hateq
· \circdashbullet
¸ \bulletdashcirc
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 7

2. Some people like to have an italic z with a “swash” tail ´. Putting the
command \zswash in your file will cause the ´ to appear instead of z in your
equations. The command \zstraight switches back to the standard z.

3. In addition to \circ, there is a slightly smaller circle, \comp, which looks

better for the “composition of functions”, like f Bg (f\comp g), as compared
to f ı g (f\circ g). But use \circ for things like 22ı (22^\circ).

4. Three new symbols have been added for formulas like

˛ Y ˇ 2 H  .A [ B/ H) ˛ Z ˇ 2 H .A X B/

which might otherwise have been rendered as

˛ ^ ˇ 2 H  .A [ B/ H) ˛ _ ˇ 2 H .A n B/

The use of n (\setminus) for the difference of sets can easily cause con-
fusion in algebraic contexts, where double cosets GnH are also used (and
where A B might also be confusing). So the MathTımeProfessional fonts
provide the alternate symbol X (\setdif).

Likewise, mathematicians may feel that ^ and _ (\smile and \frown) are
too shallow to be used for the “cup-product” and “cap-product”, though these
must also be distinguished from set-union ([) and set-intersection (\). So
the MathTımeProfessional fonts also supply the symbols Y (\cupprod) and
Z (\capprod).
Ž 
5. There are also corresponding large operators \bigcupprod ( and )
 ‘
and \bigcapprod ( and ). Moreover, the binary operator  (\ast,
© or
¨
simply the * key) has the corresponding large operator \bigast ( and ).
In addition, the new symbol§ ² (\varland) has the corresponding large oper-
¦
ator \bigvarland ( and ).

k
 k
‘
˛i D ˛1 Y


Y ˛k ˛i D ˛1 Z


Z ˛k
iD1 iD1

©
k k
§
ai D a1 


 ak Pi D P1 ²


² Pk
iD1 iD1
8 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

6. Accompanying \int and \oint, there are now

“ ›
’ š
\iint \cwoint (clockwise \oint)
• 
” œ
\iiint \awoint (anticlockwise \oint)
— Ÿ
– ž
\oiint \cwint (clockwise \int)
™ «
˜ ª
\oiiint \barint
−
¬
\slashint

P X Q Y ` a ¡
7. The operators , ; , ; and , , have slanted versions , ;
¢ £ ¤ ¥
, ; and , . The command \sloperators makes \sum, \prod,
and \coprod produce these slanted versions, and \upoperators changes
back to the upright versions. Whichever convention you use, you can always
use \slsum, : : : to get the slanted versions and \upsum, : : : to get the upright
versions.
8. \mathring x (alternatively, \oacc x) produces x,V frequently used for the
initial values of x (and sometimes for quaternions). \mathring (or
\oacc) is a math accent, like \hat, etc., so it will be positioned properly
V
in constructions like A.
9. In situations like €P and €R the \dot and \ddot accents might look better if
they were moved up a bit. You can get €T and €U with \dotup and \ddotup.
(If you are using AM-TEX there are also \Dotup and \Ddotup for double
accents.)
10. The math accents O (\hat), L (\check), Q (\tilde), and N (\bar) have
slightly wider versions

y (\what), { (\wcheck), z (\wtilde), x (\wbar)

[with corresponding \Wcheck, etc., if you are using AM-TEX], and then ver-
sions that are slightly wider still:

€ (\wwhat), } (\wwcheck),  (\wwtilde), S (\wwbar).

 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 9

These commands may be used to fine tune accents over upper-case letters. For
example, instead of
MO (\hat M) or M c (\widehat M)
you might prefer
y (\what M) or M
M € (\wwhat M).

11. Numerous standard TEX symbols were traditionally constructed from two
or more characters. For example, hN (\hbar) was made from h and the bar
accent N, and ‹ was made from the and a - symbol. But such built-
up symbols often do not work well in superscripts or when different fonts
are being used, and the MathTımeProfessional fonts now contain individually
designed characters that are used instead. In addition, « (\dddot) and ¬
(\ddddot) from AM-TEX have been added (there are also \dddotup and
\ddddotup, and if you are using AM-TEX there are also \Dddot, etc., for
double accents).

In addition, numerous symbols can be “negated” by prefixing them with \not,

like 6< (\not<), 6 (\not\subset), and 6 (\not\approx). All these sym-
bols now exist as individually designed symbols, each with its own name; al-
ternative names, in brackets, are for compatibility with the names used when
the additional MathTımeProfessional fonts are used (see X.5).
– \notless [\nless]  \notgr [\ngtr]
— \notleq [\nleq] ž \notgeq [\nqeg]
˜ \notprec [\nprec] Ÿ \notsucc [\nsucc]
™ \notpreceq [\npreceq] \notsucceq [\nsucceq]
š \notsubset [\nsubset] ¡ \notsupset [\nsupset]
› \notsubseteq ¢ \notsupseteq
[\nsubseteq] [\nsupseteq]
œ \notsqsubseteq £ \notsqsupseteq
[\nsqsubseteq] [\nsqsupseteq]
© \notcong [\ncong]
¤ \neq ¥ \notequiv
¦ \notsim § \notsimeq
¨ \notapprox ª \notasymp

The name ‘\notequal’ wasn’t introduced because the name \neq already
exists; as before, \ne may be used as a synonym. The additional fonts also
contain a character \nsim (œ), but this is different from \notsim.
10 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

[The \not symbol is still on the fonts, as are the hook , (\lhook) and the
hook - (\rhook), so one can imitate the definitions in plain.tex to build
a longer hooked arrow - and extra long arrows like  and HH
(the extending character H (\Relbar) for the double arrows actually uses
an additional symbol, rather than the D sign used by the Computer Modern
fonts). Similarly, an extra long 7 ! can be constructed using the charac-
ter 7 (\mapstochar), which is just a small vertical line with a tiny bit of
horizontal line to the right, to insure that there are no gaps in the construction

\mapstochar\relbar\joinrel\relbar\joinrel
\relbar\joinrel\rightarrow

used to create this 7 !.]

12. Finally, there are the special symbols

€ (\openclubsuit)  (\shadedclubsuit)
‚ (\openspadesuit) ƒ (\shadedspadesuit)
These are mainly provided as a complement to the rather grotesque | and 
from the bold mathematics fonts (see IX).

V. Bold Roman Letters

In a math formula, \bf gives the bold font that is used in text (in AM-TEX
one would use \bold, which is a control sequence with an argument, rather
than a font change, and LATEX has the similar command \mathbf). So if you
are using Computer Modern fonts for text, you will get the bold Computer
Modern fonts; if you are using Times fonts (as on page 4), then you will get
the Times bold font.

But there is an additional \mbf command that selects “Times-bold-like” let-

ters that work better in math formulas. This command works both in plain
TEX and with LATEX, and like the \mathbf command from LATEX, it is a con-
trol sequence with an argument.

$\mbf{f=g^h}+ j$ f D gh C j

Although \mbf is generally the best way to get bold letters in math, if you
wanted something like Major.X/, it would be better to use {\bf Major}
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 11

[or \bold{Major} in AM-TEX, or \mathbf{Major} with LATEX] instead of

\mbf{Major}, because the spacing with \mbf isn’t meant for text, so you
would get Major.X/.

VI. The Big Differences

1. The formula 0 1
A11 ::: A1n
B A21 ::: A2n C
B C
B :: C
@ : A
An1 ::: Ann
shows the MathTımeProfessional “extensible” parentheses that one obtains
with a \left(...\right) construction. But the MathTımeProfessional
fonts also have individually designed parentheses of the appropriate size. To
obtain these, it is only necessary to use the \PARENS{...} construction in-
stead:
˙A 11 ::: A1n

A21 ::: A2n
:: $$\PARENS{\matrix...}$$
:
An1 ::: Ann
These individually designed parentheses go up to 4 inches high! (In the un-
likely event that your formula is even larger, you will be stuck with the 4 inch
high versions, and will have to go back and change to \left(...\right)
by hand.)

Quite a few other delimiters also have individually designed characters up to

4 inches high. In fact, \PARENS{...} is basically just an abbreviation for

\LEFTRIGHT(){...}

where the \LEFTRIGHT construction can be followed by any two delimiters

(including the period for an empty delimiter). For example,

\LEFTRIGHT\langle\rangle{...}

will give individually designed “angle brackets” h i up to 4 inches high. (Of

course, you will be out of luck if you need even larger angle brackets, since
12 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

extensible angle brackets don’t exist.) As with \left and \right, you can
also type < and > instead of \langle and \rangle in this context, and you
can also use the delimiters / and \backslash, as well as the usual delimiters
|, \|, [, ], etc.

2. Similarly, instead of
v
u n
uX
t .xi yi /2
iD1

with an extensible radical sign, you can use \SQRT{...} to get radical signs
up to 4 inches high:
p n
X
.xi yi /2
iD1

Similarly, \ROOT 3\OF{...} [or \SQRT[3]{...} in LATEX], can be used to

get
p n
X
() 3 .xi yi /2
iD1

3. There are also two special “delimiters” \lcbrace and \rcbrace that can’t
be used with \left and \right, but can be used after \LEFTRIGHT. These
give individually designed vertical curly braces up to 4 inches high, which
you might prefer to the usual extensible braces. The commands

\left\{...\right\} and \LEFTRIGHT\lcbrace\rcbrace{...}

give output like

8 9 † ‡
ˆ
ˆ >
>
ˆ
< >
=
and
ˆ
ˆ >
>
:̂ >
;
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 13

To go along with this, the \cases construction has an analogous \ccases

construction that gives curly braces:
„a x< 1
b 1x<0
f .x/ D
c 0x<1
d x1
(If you are using AM-TEX, then \ccases uses the usual AM-TEX syntax,
\ccases...\endcases, with \\ used to separate lines instead of \cr.)

4. Delimiters aren’t the only things that grow much bigger with the MathTıme
Professional fonts. The \widehat and \widetilde accents automatically
grow up to 4 inches wide,
9I
ACB CC CD CE CF CG CH CI CJ CK CLCM CN
and a \widecheck has also been provided. Once again, if your formulas
require even wider accents, then you will end up stuck with the 4 inch wide
ones.
If, for some reason, you need double \wide... accents, you may be disap-
pointed to find that

\widehat{\widehat{A+B+C+D+E+F+G }}

gives 9
ACB CC CDCE CF CG
with the top \widehat seemingly too high (its base is at the level of the top
of the lower \widehat).

So there is also

\widehatdown{hdimeni}{...}

to move a \widehat down (and similarly for the \widetilde and the
\widecheck accents). For example,

\widehatdown{2pt}{\widehat{A+B+C+D+E+F+G}}

produces
9
ACB CC CDCE CF CG
14 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

5. You can also get individually designed curly underbraces and overbraces
up to 4 inches wide. Compare

\underbrace{A_1+\cdots+A_i+\cdots+A_n} A1 C


C Ai C


C An
„ † …
\undercbrace{A_1+\cdots+A_i+\cdots+A_n} A1 C


C Ai C


C An
Ÿ
If you are using AM-TEX, the commands \undersetcbrace...\to{...}
and \oversetcbrace...\to{...} are also available.

6. There are a few cautions, and a few subtleties, that need to be addressed,
so you might have to come back to this section if things don’t look quite right,
or something strange occurs when you are using one of the commands in this
section.

(a) Although \left...\right can be used with any formula, it is nor-

mally applied only around constructions like \matrix that are “verti-
cally centered” (their baseline is close to the vertical midpoint of the
construction). The \LEFTRIGHT command always vertically centers its
argument automatically.

(b) It is possible to nest \PARENS (or \LEFTRIGHT) in the standard way,

\PARENS{ ... \PARENS{...} ... }

but that should hardly ever be needed, and such nesting slows TEX down
exponentially; it might even cause a ‘!TeX capacity exceeded’
error message.

(c) It should also be mentioned that \PARENS (or \LEFTRIGHT) ends up

setting its argument more than once, so you need to be careful if you are
using \box’s. For example, if you’ve stored a formula in \box\eqnbox,
then you should be sure to type \PARENS{\copy\eqnbox}, rather than
\PARENS{\box\eqnbox}.

The same precaution applies to the new \wide... commands and to

\SQRT (and \ROOT...\OF{...}).

(d) The placement of the ‘root’ 3 in formula () on page 12 can be mod-
ified by typing
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 15

\uproot{hnumberi} and/or \leftroot{hnumberi}

before the \ROOT to move it up and/or to the left by hnumberi units. (In
LATEX, where \SQRT[...] is used, these commands should be typed as
\UPROOT and \LEFTROOT.) The units by which the ‘root’ is moved are
quite small, allowing for delicate positioning; formula () was actually
typed as

\leftroot{-8}\uproot{-1}\ROOT3\OF {...}

(modifications of this sort simply have to be done by experimentation).

Notice, by the way, that the use of \uproot and \leftroot differs from
that originally found in AM-TEX (the new syntax makes everything a lot
easier).

The root 3 is normally set in ‘\scriptscriptstyle’, the size for

second-order superscripts, but you could also type something like

\ROOT\scriptstyle3\OF{...}

to get p n
X
() 3 .xi yi /2
iD1

with the root 3 in ‘\scriptstyle’ instead (you can experiment your-

self with the necessary \uproot and \leftroot amounts). You might
even want to use ‘\textstyle3’ for a very tall root. (In AM-TEX
you can type \ssize instead of \scriptstyle and \tsize instead of
\textstyle.)
(e) [See section XVI.1 regarding changes from previous versions.]
Small discrepancies might arise when you have large constructions like
\LEFTRIGHT(]{hformulai} because delimiters like | and ] are simply
created as extensible characters, growing at a uniform rate, while paren-
theses and various other delimiters grow faster for larger formulas. So in
such cases you may need to replace hformulai with

\vcorrection{hdimeni}hformulai
16 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

to artificially increase its vertical size to hdimeni, thereby forcing the

delimiter  to be larger.

VII. Extra Large Operators

[See section XVI.2 regarding changes from previous versions.]

In displayed formulas like

Z 1
s P
1

X f .˛i x/ dx C 1 Z 1 f .˛i x/
iD1
I1 and dx
1 P1
i…I f .ˇi z/ dz 1 C f .ˇi x/
iD1
C

X Z
you might feel the need for larger initial and signs.

Printers usually don’t provide

X these, but with the MathTımeProfessional fonts
you can get an extra large with the \xl command

1
i
\xl\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}
iD1

and an even bigger version with the \XL command

1

\XL\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}

iD1

As usual, you can also add \nolimits after the \sum if you don’t want the
subscript and superscript set as “limits”. And, in combinations like \xl\int
where they are normally not set as limits, you can add \limits if you do
want them set that way.
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 17

The commands \xl and \XL can be applied to all ‘large operators’, includ-
ing those in sections IV.5–7; in most cases \XL produces a symbol half an
inch high (36pt). There are also \XXL versions that are a full inch high! And,
heaven forbid, you can even get \XXXL versions that are two inches high,
thereby assuring yourself (and probably me) the lasting enmity of journal ed-
itors everywhere.
P
The command \xl\sum will produce an extra large or depending on
which convention you are using, and \xl\slsum and \xl\upsum will specif-
ically choose slanted or upright versions, etc.

AM-TEX has the special construction \Sb...\endSb to produce stacked

lower limits,
1
X
\sum \Sb i<j\\k<l\endSb ^\infty
i<j
k<l

and a similar construction \Sp...\endSp for stacked upper limits. If you are
using AM-TEX, then these commands can also be used after combinations
like \xl\sum.

VIII. Designing Your Own Formats

[See section XVI.3 regarding changes from previous versions.]

Section II. 3 explained how to change the sizes of the MathTımeProfessional

fonts, but you might want to have a more complicated format, where, for
example, there might be a command \tenpoint for setting most of the text,
but a \ninepoint command for footnotes or quoted material.

1. Section II. 2 has already discussed roman fonts in formulas (assignments to

\textfont0, \scriptfont0, and \scriptscriptfont0). You could also
declare fonts like

\font\ninetimes=times at 9pt
...

and then place

18 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version)

\textfont0=\tentimes
...

inside the definition of \tenpoint and

\textfont0=\ninetimes
...

inside the definition of \ninepoint.

2. The very last line of mtp2.tex is

\MTP{10pt}{7pt}{5.5pt}

This command loads the various fonts needed for using the lite version, with
the default choice of sizes for text size, superscripts, and second-order super-
scripts (see 3. for details), and assigns the appropriate fonts for letters (and
bold letters), symbols, and extension characters. Another \MTP command,
with different arguments, will simply change all the assigned fonts to new
ones. Thus, one could define \tenpoint to mean

\textfont0=...
\scriptfont0=...
\scriptscriptfont0=...
\MTP{10pt}{7pt}{5.5pt}

and define \ninepoint to mean something like

\textfont0=...
\scriptfont0=...
\scriptscriptfont0=...
\MTP{9pt}{6.5pt}{5pt}

When you are using the complete version, and using various ‘\load...’
commands, these automatically load fonts at the same sizes as the latest \MTP
command. So, for example, if you are using the bold math fonts, with the
\loadbm command (section IX.2) it is only necessary to add \loadbm after
the \MTP in the definition of \tenpoint and also add \loadbm after the \MTP
in the definition of \ninepoint.
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Lite version) 19

By the way, the sizes used after the most recent \MTP command are stored in
\tMTPsize, \sMTPsize, \fMTPsize, and the command \loadbm is actually
an abbreviation for

\loadbmAt{\tMTPsize}{\sMTPsize}{\fMTPsize}

so you could even vary the sizes of additionally loaded fonts (not that we are
actually recommending such a procedure). For example, if you wanted your
bold math symbols to be extra striking, in your definition of \tenpoint you
could have

\MTP{10pt}{7pt}{5.5pt}
\loadbmAt{11pt}{9pt}{7pt}

Similarly, the command \useCMcal of section III. 4 is an abbreviation for

\useCMcalAt{\tMTPsize}{\sMTPsize}{\fMTPsize}.

3. The font used for the italic letters at text size is mt2mit at 10 points.*
Rather than being given an arbitrary name, like \tenmi, this font is named in a
systematic, but somewhat strange-looking, way by a control sequence having
letters, numerals, and even spaces in its name (accessible only by using the
\csname...\endcsname construction):

\mt2mit at 10pt

If your log file contains an Overfull box message, or a listing for some
other reason, this font will thus show up in this informative form.

Similarly for the fonts ‘\mt2mis at 7pt’ and ‘\mt2mif at 5.5pt’, which
are assigned to \scriptfont1 and \scripscriptfont1.

Likewise ‘mt2syt at 10pt’ is assigned to \textfont2, etc. Moreover,

‘mt2exa at 10pt’ is used for the extension font, while other similarly
named fonts are installed for use with the new constructions like \LEFTRIGHT
and \xl.

*The PostScript name of the font mt2mit is actually MTP2MIT, all capitals.
20 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

Additional Fonts in the

MathTımePro Complete Version

The additional fonts in the complete MathTımeProfessional II version pro-

vide:
 Bold versions of the basic fonts, as well as ‘heavy’ (extra-bold) versions of
many symbols.
 Times-compatible versions of the various operators on the AMS’s msam
and msbm fonts, together with a few additional related symbols. These are
also available in a bold version, as well as a heavy one.
 Several different complete “blackboard bold” fonts, with both uppercase
and lowercase letters, as well as numerals.
 A script and bold script font, as well as a variant “curly” font.
 A (German) Fraktur font, and a bold version.
 Two “blackboard bold” fonts that have slanted letters and numerals, and all
the Greek letters, both slanted and upright.

As explained in the LATEX documentation, if you have these fonts, then you
can use mtpro2.sty without the ‘lite’ option. The remainder of this docu-
ment is for plain TEX users.

IX. Bold (Italic) Letters, Bold and Heavy Symbols

1. One possible use of the bold math fonts is for section headings like
p
4. The Pythagorean’s discovery that 2 is irrational.
or
6. Fermat’s conjecture about x n C y n D zn for n > 2.

You can even get bold displayed formulas, like

Z 1 
1 2
p e x dx D 1
 1
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 21

though such displays are completely non-standard, and probably of almost no

use (simply putting a box around a formula accentuates it more effectively).
Even the use of bold math in section headings is problematical—how do you
embolden a formula that already contains bold letters, like x  y?

Most of the time, the bold math fonts are used simply to augment the existing
supply of letters and symbols, providing bold letters like x, y, z, in contrast
to the usual math symbols x, y, z, and bold symbols C, <, >, in contrast to
the usual symbols C, <, >.

The use of bold letters like x, y, z is actually rather rare, since normally math-
ematicians simply use ordinary upright bold letters x, y, z (with the MathTıme
Professional fonts these are best obtained as \mbf x, \mbf y, and \mbf z).
On the other hand, bold Greek letters, like ˛, ˇ, , are somewhat more com-
mon; if these bold Greek letters play the same role as the ordinary bold letters
x, y, z, you might prefer upright versions ’, “, ”, which are also provided.

Bold symbols are used quite frequently, and in this case it is usually the
contrast with the standard symbols that is important, so instead of bold sym-
bols like C, <, >, you might prefer “heavy” symbols like C, ê, ì, which are
also provided.

2. To use the bold italic letters and symbols, put

\loadbm

in your file (after the \input mtp2). To get a bold version of a whole formula
(even a displayed one), just type \boldmath at the beginning:

$\boldmath x^n+y^n=z^n$

$$\boldmath{1\over\sqrt\pi}\left(...\right)=1$$

When you use \boldmath before a formula that involves \PARENS{...},

that combination is basically replaced by \left(...\right), because the
bold delimiters don’t come in all the extra large sizes that MathTımeProfes-
sional makes available for ordinary delimiters.

Similarly, \SQRT is essentially replaced by \sqrt, and wide accents like

\widehat are available in only a few sizes, and so forth.
22 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

The \boldmath command CANNOT be used for only part of a formula; the
combination $A\boldmath B$ gives AB, while $A{\boldmath B}$ gives
AB, so it doesn’t work either.* Nevertheless, it is easy to get AB, because
there is also a way of getting individual bold symbols.

3. Individual bold symbols are obtained as follows:

(a) The bold letters a, : : : , z, A, : : : , Z are simply obtained as \bm a, : : :

\bm z, \bm A, : : : , \bm Z. Similarly, bold numerals 0, : : : , 9 can be obtained
as \bm0, : : : , \bm9.

(b) The command \bm may also be used with virtually any other key that you
would use in a math formula:
\bm+ C \bm- \bm= D \bm/ =
\bm< < \bm> > \bm( . \bm) /
\bm[ Œ \bm]  \bm. : \bm, ;
\bm! Š \bm? ‹ \bm; I \bm: W
\bm| j \bm* 
You can also type \bm’ and this works even better than one might dare to
hope. For example, $A’’+A\bm’’ +A\bm’’^{\bm2}$ gives A00 CA00 CA002 .
Just in case, there’s also \bmprime to get the bold prime symbol explicitly.

(c) For all other symbols, named by control sequences, there are correspond-
ing bold symbols whose names are obtained by putting bm in front of them.
For example, \bmalpha gives ˛, \bmell gives `, \bmvarkappa gives ~,
\bmwp gives }, \bmleq or \bmle gives , and the operators Ž (\dagger)
and  (\ddagger) have bold versions Ž (\bmdagger) and  (\bmddagger).
There’s even \bmcolon, the bold analogue of \colon, which is just a W with
special spacing.

For the upright bold lowercase Greek letters there are \bmupalpha (’),
\bmupbeta (“), \bmupgamma (”), etc.

*TEXnical reason: the \boldmath command simply specifies a new set of

math fonts, and a TEX formula uses whatever fonts have been specified at
the time that the closing $ sign is read. (LATEX only allows \boldmath
to be used outside of a math formula, so that you would type something
like {\bf\boldmath...that $\sqrt2$ is irrational}, thus skirting
the problem completely.)
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 23

All the “built-up” characters, like „ (\hbar) and 6 (\notsubset), which

are now individually designed characters on the MathTımeProfessional fonts,
have corresponding individually designed bold versions, like „ (\bmhbar)
and š (\bmnotsubset). This includes ‹ (\bmhookleftarrow) as well as
all the other sorts of arrows. (However, the alternative names, like \nsubset,
do not have corresponding \bm... versions.)

All the accents have bold versions, like \bmhat and \bmwhat, including bold
versions « (\bmdddot) and ¬ (\bmddddot) of the new accents \dddot and
\ddddot. And there are also “wide” bold accents, like \bmwidehat, but they
are only available in a few sizes.

You can also type things like

$$\bmsum_{i=1}^\infty\bmint_a^{\bm b}$$

to get
1 Z
X b

a
iD1

(but there are no bold versions of the \xl symbols).

(d) For the bold braces f and g you can type \bmlbrace and \bmrbrace, and
you can even type things like

$$\left\bmlbrace...\right\bmrbrace$$

You can’t type things like \left\bm(...\right\bm), but there are also

\bmlparens . \bmrparens /

\bmlbrack Œ \bmrbrack 

\bmvert j \bmVert k

and these control sequences can all be used as delimiters with \left and
\right, so that you can type \left\bmlparens...\right\bmrparens.
Similarly, constructions like \bigl\bmlparens and \biggl\bmlparens are
all allowed.

All the other standard delimiters, like \lfloor, \uparrow, : : : , also have
corresponding bold delimiters, \bmlfloor, \bmuparrow, etc.
24 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

4. Put \loadhm in your file in order to obtain heavy versions of the fonts. All
the symbols have heavy versions, obtained analogously to the bold symbols.
For example, \hm+ gives C, \hm’ can be used to get heavy primes, as in A00,
\hmoplus gives ˚, and \hmlbrace and \hmrbrace give f and g.
But there are no heavy letters or Greek letters: \hm A isn’t allowed and
\hmalpha is undefined (the symbols \hmell (ô) and \hmwp (õ) are some-
thing of an exception to this rule). There is a \heavymath command, but it
produces strange substitutes for letters and Greek letters.* Nevertheless, it
can be useful at times, as discussed below.

5. Various special effects are possible if you know a bit about TEX \box’es
and such.
(a) Although virtually all symbols have bold versions, some “construc-
tions”, like \sqrt, \underbrace, and \overrightarrow
p p don’t, so
there’s no easy way to get something like x C x (recall that the
\boldmath command can’t be used for only part of a formula).
I can’t imagine offhand why you would need such an expression, but if
you do, then you could type
\newbox\sqbox
\setbox\sqbox=\hbox{$\boldmath\sqrt x$}
and obtain the formula as
$\sqrt x + \copy\sqbox$.
(\copy\sqbox is safer than \box\sqbox in case the symbol ends up in
some construction that sets its argument twice.)
p p
Similarly, you could get the formula x C x by first storing x in a
new box \xbox, and then putting $\boldmath\sqrt{\copy\xbox}$
into the box \sqbox.

*The behavior is somewhat different in plain TEX and in LATEX, because

LATEX loads in a separate family of “heavy math italic” fonts, which have
“slugs” (black rectangles like ) in most places, while mtp2.tex saves a
family by ignoring these fonts, instead substituting the usual text font. So
{\heavymath$\alpha$} produces a slug in LATEX, while the corresponding
$\heavymath\alpha$ for plain TEX produces ‘ff’ (since the position for
\alpha in the math italic font happens to be the position for the ‘ff’ ligature
on the text font).
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 25
p p
And you can get x C x by typing

\newbox\xbox
\setbox\xbox=\hbox{$x$}
\newbox\sqbox
\setbox\sqbox=\hbox{\heavymath\sqrt{\copy\xbox}}
$\sqrt x+\copy\sqbox$

(b) Even more detailed knowledge of TEX would be required if you

wanted special symbols like those in section IV.11, for example, an extra
long bold hooked arrow -. Imitating the definition in plain.tex is
not so easy now, because there is no special name for the bold hook -. In
plain.tex, the - character, \rhook, is defined by

\mathchardef\rhook="312D

You can imitate this command to define a \bmrhook character (or sim-
ply use an appropriate \mathchar"3...), except that the ‘1’, which
indicates the family where the math italic fonts reside, has to be replaced
by (the hex number for) the family where the new bold math italic fonts
reside. This number is stored in the control sequence \mtbmi@@, so you
can use \mathchar"3\mtbmi@@2D for this bold hook (note that @ must
be made a letter while doing this [and be sure to leave a space after the
second @ if the next character is one of the hex numbers A, : : : , F]). Sim-
ilarly, \mtbsy@@ and \mtbex@@ are the hex numbers of the family for
the bold symbol and extension fonts.

(c) If you need an extra long heavy hooked arrow å, you will have
to work a bit harder, because mtp2.tex makes no use of heavy math
italic fonts.* To compensate for this, å and similar symbols appear on
the heavy symbol fonts. The last part of the font table for these fonts
looks like
’0 ’1 ’2 ’3 ’4 ’5 ’6 ’7
’34x à á â ã ä å æ ç
˝Ex
’35x è é ê ë ì í î ï
’36x ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷
˝Fx
’37x ø ù ú û
˝8 ˝9 ˝A ˝B ˝C ˝D ˝E ˝F

*Compare the footnote on page 24.

26 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

The heavy hook å occurs in position "E5, and the hex numbers of the
family for the heavy symbol fonts and the heavy extension font are stored
in \mthsy@@ and \mthex@@, so the extra long heavy hooked arrow was
obtained as

\hmlongleftarrow\mathrel{\mkern-3mu}\mathchar"3\mthsy@@ E5

X. New Symbols
The \loadbm command loads 3 different bold italic fonts, for the 3 different
sizes used in formulas, 3 different bold symbol fonts, and a font for bold large
operators. The \loadhm command also loads more than a triplet of fonts.

All the additional \load... commands are different: they each load exactly
3 fonts, for the 3 different sizes used in formulas. There are so many of these
that you might get an error message if you try to use too many of them at once.
If that happens, see section XV. A summary of all the \load... commands
can be found right before that section.

The first of these new commands,

\loadsya

loads fonts containg additional symbols similar to those on the AMS fonts
and defines names for all the new symbols.

1. The symbols

X \checkmark z \maltese
r \circledR U \yen

are normally used outside of math mode, but they can be used in math mode
also.

Three other special letters for math mode only are the Hebrew

Æ \beth Ç \gimel
È \daleth
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 27

There are also four special delimiters (which occur in only one size):

p \ulcorner q \urcorner
x \llcorner y \lrcorner

The remaining new symbols fall into various groups.

2. Most of the new symbols are binary operators or relations, but first we have
a miscellaneous group of ordinary symbols.

8 \backprime ¿ \varnothing
M \vartriangle N \blacktriangle
O \triangledown H \blacktriangledown
 \square  \blacksquare
˙ \lozenge  \blacklozenge
Þ \Diamond
s \circledS F \bigstar
] \measuredangle ^ \sphericalangle
À \nexists { \complement
à \mho Ä \eth
Á \Finv  \Game
ž \diagup Ÿ \diagdown

Remember that the plain † (\angle) already appears on the MathTımeProfes-

sional basic fonts. On the other hand, Þ (\Diamond) doesn’t appear on the
AMS fonts, although a similar symbol occurs on the LATEX symbol font.

3. Next come binary operators.

u \dotplus X \smallsetminus
Ë \ltimes Ì \rtimes
e \Cap, \doublecap d \Cup, \doublecup
h \leftthreetimes i \rightthreetimes
Z \barwedge Y \veebar
[ \doublebarwedge
f \curlywedge g \curlyvee

\boxplus ˇ \boxminus
 \boxtimes \boxdot
continued on next page
28 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

 \circleddash ~ \circledast
} \circledcirc ¾ \divideontimes
˘ \centerdot | \intercal

\smallsetminus is actually just a synonym for \setdif on the MathTıme

Professional basic fonts.

4. Binary relations.

In the list below, note that @ (\sqsubset) and A (\sqsupset) are new sym-
bols, while the more complicated v (\sqsubseteq) and w (\sqsupseteq)
already exist on the basic fonts!

Note also that ` (\smallsmile) and a (\smallfrown) are different from

the symbols Y (\cupprod) and Z (\capprod), and that the old ˆ (\models)
is different from  (\vDash).

5 \leqq = \geqq
6 \leqslant > \geqslant
0 \eqslantless 1 \eqslantgtr
. \lesssim & \gtrsim
/ \lessapprox ' \gtrapprox
Ñ \approxeq
É \lessdot Ê \gtrdot
n \lll, \llless o \ggg, \gggtr
7 \lessgtr ? \gtrless
Q \lesseqgtr R \gtreqless
S \lesseqqgtr T \gtreqqless
ß \coloneq à \hateq
+ \doteqdot, \Doteq P \eqcirc
; \fallingdotseq : \risingdotseq

continued on next page

 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 29

$ \circeq , \triangleq
v \backsim Ï \thicksim
w \backsimeq Ð \thickapprox
j \subseteqq k \supseteqq
b \Subset c \Supset
@ \sqsubset A \sqsupset
4 \preccurlyeq < \succcurlyeq
2 \curlyeqprec 3 \curlyeqsucc
- \precsim % \succsim
Ó \precapprox Ò \succapprox
C \vartriangleleft B \vartriangleright
E \trianglelefteq D \trianglerighteq
J \blacktriangleleft I \blacktriangleright
 \vDash \Vdash
ı \Vvdash
` \smallsmile a \smallfrown
Í \shortmid Î \shortparallel
l \bumpeq m \Bumpeq
) \therefore * \because
G \between t \pitchfork
_ \varpropto Ö \backepsilon

5. Negated relations.

Several negated relation symbols already appear, in identical form, on the ba-
sic MathTımeProfessional fonts, so in addition to their standard AMS names,
their names from the basic font package also appear, in brackets. It should be
noted, however, that ¦ (\notsim) from the basic fonts is definitely different
from œ (\nsim).

(It might also be mentioned that the final four symbols, \nsqsubset,
\nsqsubseteq, \nsqsupset, and \nsqsupseteq, don’t actually exist on
the AMS fonts.)
30 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

„ \nless [\notless] … \ngtr [\notgr]

‚ \nleq [\notleq] ƒ \ngeq [\notgeq]
Š \nleqslant ‹ \ngeqslant
” \nleqq • \ngeqq
Œ \lneq  \gneq
ˆ \lneqq ‰ \gneqq
€ \lvertneqq  \gvertneqq
’ \lnsim “ \gnsim
š \lnapprox › \gnapprox
† \nprec [\notprec] ‡ \nsucc [\notsucc]

Ž \npreceq  \nsucceq
[\notpreceq] [\notsucceq]
– \precneqq — \succneqq
 \precnsim ‘ \succnsim
˜ \precnapprox ™ \succnapprox
œ \nsim  \ncong
® \nshortmid ¯ \nshortparallel
− \nmid ¬ \nparallel
° \nvdash ² \nvDash
± \nVdash ³ \nVDash
¶ \ntriangleleft · \ntriangleright

ª \nsubseteq « \nsupseteq
[\notsubseteq] [\notsupseteq]

¢ \nsubseteqq £ \nsupseteqq
¨ \subsetneq © \supsetneq
\varsubsetneq ¡ \varsupsetneq
¤ \subsetneqq ¥ \supsetneqq
¦ \varsubsetneqq § \varsupsetneqq
× \nsqsubset Ø \nsqsupset

Ù \nsqsubseteq Ú \nsqsupseteq
[\notsqsubseteq] [\notsqsupseteq]
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 31

6. Arrows.
In the list below, it should be noted that • (\rightleftharpoons) is actu-
ally taken from the MathTımeProfessional basic fonts, while Ý (\leadsto)
appears in the LATEX symbol font (it is also more common than ). Several
vertical arrow and harpoon characters are not actually on the AMS fonts; be
careful to distinguish \updownarrows from \updownarrow, etc.

The characters \rarrowhead, \larrowhead, and \midshaft (which are not

given names in the AMS fonts) may be used to construct longer dashed ar-
rows. For example

\mathrel{\midshaft\midshaft\midshaft\rarrowhead}

can be used to produce the arrow in the formula A 999K B.

Û \dashleftarrow Ü \dashrightarrow,
\dasharrow
L \larrowhead K \rarrowhead
9 \midshaft
 \leftleftarrows  \rightrightarrows
 \leftrightarrows  \rightleftarrows
W \Lleftarrow V \Rrightarrow
 \twoheadleftarrow  \twoheadrightarrow
 \leftarrowtail  \rightarrowtail
" \looparrowleft # \looparrowright
˛ \leftrightharpoons • \rightleftharpoons
Ô \curvearrowleft Õ \curvearrowright
å \undercurvearrowleft æ \undercurvearrowright
\circlearrowleft ˚ \circlearrowright
 \Lsh  \Rsh
 \upuparrows  \downdownarrows
ß \updownarrows à \downuparrows
 \upharpoonleft  \upharpoonright,
\restriction
 \downharpoonleft  \downharpoonright
continued on next page
32 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

ã \upupharpoons ä \downdownharpoons
á \updownharpoons â \downupharpoons
\rightsquigarrow ! \leftrightsquigarrow
Ý \leadsto ( \multimap

7. Negated arrows.

¸ \nleftarrow ¹ \nrightarrow
º \nLeftarrow » \nRightarrow
½ \nleftrightarrow ¼ \nLeftrightarrow

8. You can access the bold versions of the new symbols with \loadbsya and
the heavy versions with \loadhsya (not particularly recommended for these
rather complicated symbols).

(a) If you have the lines

\loadbm
\loadsya
\loadbsya

in your file, then

$\boldmath . . . $

may be applied even when the formula contains the extra symbols. For exam-
ple, $\boldmath x<y\leqq z$ produces the formula x < y 5 z

(b) For individual symbols, instead of introducing a whole slew of new

names, like ‘\bmboxplus’, the single command \bma may be used before
any of these additional symbols to produce the bold version. For example,
\bma\boxplus yields
. Similarly, \hma\boxdot yields .

Just as there aren’t heavy versions of letters, the “alphabetical” symbols r

and s don’t have heavy versions, so \hma\circledR or \hma\circledS
will simply give a “slug” r.
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 33

Additional Alphabets
In addition to all these symbols, the complete MathTımeProfessional collec-
tion contains several different alphabets for use in mathematics formulas.

XI. “Blackboard Bold”

[See section XVI.4 regarding changes from previous versions.]

Two different varieties of “blackboard bold” alphabets are provided.

The first version, MathTıme holey roman bold, is a “bold open” font, formed
by hollowing out bold letters:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

By contrast, the MathTıme blackboard bold font is the sort of alphabet that
one might actually write on a blackboard:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Or you might prefer one of the dark versions, holey roman bold dark:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789
or blackboard bold dark:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

To use the holey roman bold font, first put

\loadhrb

in your file.* This will load the appropriate fonts and define a control se-

*If this leads to an error message, see XV!

 34 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

quence \hrb with one argument, so that $\hrb a,\ldots,\hrb Z,\hrb0,

\ldots,\hrb9$ gives a; : : : ; Z; 0; : : : ; 9. You can also type \hrb\imath to
get { and \hrb\jmath for |. Similarly,

\loadbb

will load the appropriate blackboard bold fonts, and define a control sequence
\bb, while \loadhrbd and \hrbd are used for the holey roman bold dark
fonts, and \loadbbd and \bbd are used for the blackboard bold dark fonts.

XII. Script
[See section XVI.5 regarding changes from previous versions.]

The MathTımeProfessional Math Script font contains only letters, although

a few letters have alternate versions, indicated in brackets (and there are still
dotless i and j):

ABCŒ DEF G ŒH IJKLŒˇMN OP QŒRSŒT UVW XYŒZŒ

abcdef ghijklmnopqrŒ2stuvwxyzŒ:

and the Bold Math Script is similar:

ABC Œ DEF G ŒH IJKLŒˇMN OP QŒRSŒT UV W XY ŒZŒ

abcdef ghijklmnopqrŒ2stuvwxyzŒ:

To use the math script font, put

\loadmscript

in your file, to load the fonts and define a control sequence \mscript so that
$\mscript a, \ldots, \mscript Z$ gives a; : : : ; Z. In addition, you
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 35

can
type to get
\mscript\altC 
\mscript\altG 
\mscript\altL ˇ
\mscript\altQ 
\mscript\altS 
\mscript\altY 
\mscript\altZ 
\mscript\imath {
\mscript\jmath |
\mscript\altr 2
\mscript\altz :

Similarly, the command \loadbmscript loads the bold script fonts and cre-
ates the command \bmscript; alternate versions of letters are obtained ex-
actly as with the script fonts.

MathTımeProfessional also provides a (non-slanted) “curly” font

ABCDEF GŒHIJKLMŒ NŒı OP QŒRST UVWXYŒZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

which is similar to a traditional font often used for script. Certain of the
symbols, like A, P , and R, may be so familiar in certain contexts that you
might prefer them to the other script letters.

The command \loadmcurly loads the fonts, and produces a control sequence
\mcurly. Alternate symbols, including { and |, are obtained just as with the
script font.

XIII. Fraktur
To use the math fraktur font, put

\loadmfrak

in your file. This will load the Math Fraktur font, and create a control se-
36 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

quence \mfrak.

ABCDEFGHI J KLMNOPQRST UVWXYŒZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxŒ8yŒ9z

Similarly, \loadbmfrak loads the Bold Math Fraktur font.

ABCDEFGHI J KLMNOPQRST UVWXYŒZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxŒ8yŒ9z

NOTE: The symbols < (\Re) and = (\Im) from the basic MathTımeProfes-
sional fonts are not exactly the same as the R and I from the math fraktur
font. If you have loaded the math fraktur fonts, and would prefer to have these
fraktur letters for \Re and \Im, you can just redefine \Re to mean \mfrak R
and \Im to mean \mfrak I.

XIV. Other Weird Fonts

Two additional fonts have been constructed, though with misgivings, at the
request of some users. Since these fonts are not “standard”, be cautious about
using them: you might end up creating notation that nobody else will be able
to use!

Putting

\loadmbbi

in your file will load a math “blackboard bold italic” font, which has black-
board bold versions of slanted letters and numerals, as well as blackboard
bold versions of all the Greek letters, both slanted and upright. The command
\mbbi is used to obtain them:

$$\mbbi A,\ldots,\mbbi Z, \mbbi a,\ldots,\mbbi z

\mbbi\imath,\mbbi\jmath, \mbbi0,\ldots,\mbbi9$$

gives
A; : : : ; Z ; a; : : : ; z; {; |; 0; : : : ; 9
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 37

and

$$\mbbi\varGamma,\ldots,\mbbi\varOmega,
\mbbi\alpha,\ldots,\mbbi\varkappa
\mbbi\Gamma,\ldots,\mbbi\Omega
\mbbi\upalpha,\ldots,\mbbi\upvarkappa $$

gives
; : : : ; ˝; ˛; : : : ; ~; € ; : : : ; ; ’; : : : ; ¯

The command \mbbi should not be used before other symbols.

There is also a math “holey bold italic” version. Putting

\loadmhbi

in your file will load a math “holey bold italic” font, which has holey versions
of bold italic letters and slanted bold numerals, as well as holey versions of
all the bold Greek letters, both slanted and upright. The command \mhbi is
used to obtain them:

$$\mhbi A, \ldots, \mhbi Z, \mhbi a,\ldots, \mhbi z

\mhbi\imath,\mhbi\jmath, \mhbi0,\ldots,\mhbi9$$

gives
A : : : ; Z ; a; : : : ; z; {; |; 0; : : : ; 9

and

$$\mhbi\varGamma,\ldots,\mhbi\varOmega,
\mhbi\alpha,\ldots,\mhbi\varkappa
\mhbi\Gamma,\ldots,\mhbi\Omega,
\mhbi\upalpha,\ldots,\mhbi\upvarkappa$$

gives
; : : : ; ˝; ˛; : : : ; ~; €; : : : ; ; ’; : : : ; ¯
38 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

Summary of all \load... Commands

In addition to
command loading samples
\loadbm bold math x; y; z C D
\loadhm heavy math CD
\loadsya symbolset a 5WÕ
\loadbsya bold symbolset a 5WÕ
\loadhsya heavy symbolset a 5WÕ

there are
command loading samples using
\loadbb blackboard bold A; B; C \bb
\loadbbd blackboard bold dark A; B; C \bbd
\loadhrb holey roman bold A; B; C \hrb
\loadhrbd holey roman bold dark A; B; C \hrbd
\loadmscript math script A; B; C \mscript
\loadbmscript bold math script A; B; C \bmscript
\loadmcurly math curly A; B; C \mcurly
\loadmfrak math fraktur A; B; C \mfrak
\loadbmfrak bold math fraktur A; B; C \bmfrak
\loadmbbi math blackboard bold italic A; a; € ; \mbbi
\loadmhbi math holey bold italic A; a; €; \mhbi

XV. Solving Family Problems

As mentioned before, a ‘load’ command like \loadsya loads three differ-
ent fonts—the mt2syat font used for text size, the mt2syas font used for
superscripts, and the mt2syaf font used for second-order superscripts—and
these three fonts are made into a new TEX font ‘family’. (The \loadbm
and \loadhm commands are different, because they involve more than one
family.)

TEX allows 16 such families, the first 4 of which are always:

\fam0, the roman letters used for operator names like sin and cos;

\fam1, the italic letters like x, y, and z, the Greek letters, and a few other
symbols;
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 39

\fam2, most of the other standard symbols, like ˙ and ˚.

X  

\fam3, “large operators”, like , various size delimiters, like , , , , etc.

The MathTımeProfessional fonts fill up a family with the special “math bold”
fonts, and the ordinary text bold letters may take up yet another family. In
addition, plain TEX normally uses up a family for text italic letters, and one
for typewriter fonts, although people often delete these before making their
format files.

There is consequently a real danger of running out of families if you not

only want to\loadbm and \loadhm, and well as \loadsya, \loadbsya, and
\loadhsya, but also want holey roman bold and black board bold letters, to-
gether with their “dark” versions, script and fraktur, together with their bold
versions, and the curly font, not to mention the weird alphabets, and other
symbol collections or alphabets that might be created in the future.*

Fortunately, even if you do happen to need symbols from all these different
fonts in a single paper, it’s extremely unlikely that you will need them all
within a single section, or in a single formula!

So there is a special device that allows you to get around this problem, should
your mania for fonts lead you into trouble.

In this document, several alphabets were exhibited simply by declaring a font

for the text size font, rather than using a \load... command. Nevertheless,
all available families had been used up after loading the script and bold script
fonts, so before introducing the curly font, the input file contains

\substitute\loadmcurly\for\loadmscript

As a result, all the fonts that were previously gathered into the family used
for the \mscript command were then replaced by the fonts for the \mcurly
command, and it was now possible to use \mcurly to get the math curly fonts
(although the math script fonts could no longer be obtained with \mscript).

*For those designing their own styles (section VIII), it should be pointed out
that a second use of any particular \load... command doesn’t create a new
family, it merely puts different size fonts into it the one that has already been
created.
40 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version)

Before section XIII, we used

\substitute\loadmfrak\for\loadbmscript

in order to use \mfrak, and

\substitute\loadbmfrak\for\loadmcurly

to use \bmfrak.

The

\substitue...\for...

constuction isn’t allowed with \loadbm or \loadhm, but any other pair can
be used, and you can even “substitute back”. For example, in this document

\substitute\loadmscript\for\loadmfrak

was just invoked, so that we could type a few math script characters like A,
B, C, : : : , Z (at the expense of no longer being able to get fraktur letters).

Of course, after you do something like

\substitute\loadbb\for\loadsya

you should be careful not to try to use symbols like (\boxdot) and

(\boxplus) that are meant to be used after \loadsya. (But you could still
use \bma\boxdot if you had a \loadbsya command before, and haven’t
substituted for it.)

XVI. Changes From Previous Versions

1. The command \vcorrection (section VI. 6 (e)) replaces the now obso-
lete commands \extcorrect and \vertcorrect.

2. The syntax for the commands \xl, \XL, etc. (section VII) has now been
completely changed, so that a combination like ‘\xl\sum’ works exactly the
same as if it were the name of a large operator: you can add an optional
 The MathTımeProfessional Fonts (Complete version) 41

\limits or \nolimits afterwards, and then specify the subscript and/or su-
perscript, in either order, with neither being required. The old \xlnl, etc.,
have disappeared.

3. Section VIII (Designing Your Own Formats) has been shortened drasti-
cally, because the new macros perform almost all the necessary work for you,
and the entire file mtp2.tex can simply be included in your style file (or
\input as part of the style file). It is no longer necessary to declare any fonts
aside from those used for text and operator names, or know the names and
\skewchar’s for the fonts. The single command \MTP described in section
VIII, together with any necesssary \load... commands, takes care of all
details. The commands \usingMTPsizes and \usingMTPextensions are
now obsolete.

4. The command for loading the “blackboard bold” fonts (section XI) has
changed from \loadbbb to \loadbb, and \bbb has been changed to \bb.
Similarly, the command \loadbbbd is now \loadbbd, and \bbbd is now
\bbd.

5. The script and bold script alphabets (section XII) have the additional al-
ternate symbol (which I admit I added solely in order to use the script font
for the AM-TEX logo).