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Current Affairs Quiz – September 2025 (GK Today)

1.According to recent analysis of India’s cancer registries, which type of cancer has overtaken lung
cancer to become the most common cancer among men in the country?
[A] Prostate Cancer
[B] Colorectal Cancer
[C] Oral Cancer
[D] Gastric Cancer
Correct Answer: C [Oral Cancer]
Notes:
Data from 43 population-based cancer registries in India showed that oral cancer has now overtaken
lung cancer as the most common cancer among men. This is despite a decline in tobacco use, with
experts attributing the rise to the long latency period of carcinogen exposure and additional risk factors
such as alcohol consumption. Dual use of alcohol and tobacco significantly compounds the risk of oral
and other cancers. These findings highlight the need for stronger preventive and awareness measures.

2.What is meant by “2-System Interaction” in meteorology?

[A] Interaction of two rivers causing floods
[B] Convergence of two distinct weather systems amplifying each other
[C] Interaction between land and sea breezes
[D] Combination of El Niño and La Niña
Correct Answer: B [Convergence of two distinct weather systems amplifying each other]
Notes:
India Meteorological Department (IMD) has warned of heavy to extremely heavy rainfall in North India
due to 2-System Interaction. 2-System Interaction occurs when two distinct weather systems converge,
amplifying each other and causing severe weather. In the current case, the systems are the Southwest
Monsoon Trough, carrying moisture from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, and the Western
Disturbance, a cyclonic circulation from the Mediterranean region. Their interaction leads to intense
rainfall beyond normal seasonal patterns. Himalayan regions are vulnerable to landslides and flash
floods due to steep and fragile terrain. Such events are increasing due to climatic shifts, changing
monsoon dynamics, and rising global temperatures.

3.Which organization has released the National Annual Report & Index on Women’s Safety (NARI)
2025?
[A] National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
[B] National Commission for Women (NCW)
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] Ministry of Women & Child Development
Correct Answer: B [National Commission for Women (NCW)]
Notes:
The National Annual Report & Index on Women’s Safety (NARI) 2025 was released by the National
Commission for Women (NCW). The survey covered 12,770 women across 31 cities in India. The
national safety score is 65%, meaning 40% of women feel unsafe despite government assurances. 60%
of women reported feeling safe, while younger women under 24 reported harassment at 14%, double
the national average. Kohima, Visakhapatnam, Bhubaneswar, Aizawl, Gangtok, Itanagar and Mumbai
are the safest cities. Patna, Jaipur, Faridabad, Delhi, Kolkata, Srinagar and Ranchi are the least safe
cities. The report frames women’s safety as a developmental issue, encompassing physical,
psychological, financial, and digital security.
4.What is the name of India’s first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessor launched at Semicon India
2025?
[A] Aryabhata 3201
[B] Chandrayaan 3201
[C] Bhaskara 3201
[D] Vikram 3201
Hide Answer

Correct Answer: D [Vikram 3201]

Notes:
India unveiled its first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessor, Vikram 3201, at Semicon India 2025. It is
designed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) and fabricated by Indian Space Research
Organisation’s (ISRO) Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh. Vikram 3201 is designed
specifically for rockets and satellites, unlike processors in smartphones or laptops. It is an upgrade of
Vikram 1601, a 16-bit processor used in ISRO launch vehicles since 2009. The processor manages
navigation, control, and mission management in launch vehicles. The launch supports India’s
semiconductor self-reliance, with five units under construction under the Design-Linked Incentive
scheme.
5.Which organisation launched the BHARATI initiative to boost agri-food exports?
[A] Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
[B] Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare
Hide Answer

Correct Answer: B [Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)]
Notes:
The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) launched a new
initiative called BHARATI. BHARATI stands for Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and
Incubation for Export Enablement. It aims to empower 100 agri-food and agri-tech startups, promote
innovation, and create new export opportunities for young entrepreneurs. The initiative supports
APEDA’s vision of achieving $50 billion in agri-food exports for Scheduled Products by 2030. BHARATI
addresses export challenges like product development, value addition, quality assurance, perishability,
wastage, and logistics.
6.Which city is the host of 18th edition of Inclusion International’s World Congress 2025?
[A] Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
[B] Paris, France
[C] New Delhi, India
[D] Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Hide Answer

Correct Answer: A [Sharjah, United Arab Emirates]

Notes:
Sharjah will host the 18th edition of Inclusion International’s World Congress 2025 from September 15
to 17 at Expo Centre Sharjah. The theme is “We Are Inclusion”, marking the first time the event is held
in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Participants from more than 70 countries will
discuss inclusive education, systemic reforms, advocacy, healthcare, legal rights, employment, and
community participation. The UAE has established 80+ specialised facilities for education, training, and
rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The event promotes supportive legislation, barrier removal,
and the principle of “health and dignity for all”, reinforcing inclusion as key to sustainable development

7.Which institute has proposed a mission called PRATUSH to study the Cosmic Dawn?
[A] Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru
[B] Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad
[C] Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru
[D] None of the Above
Correct Answer: A [Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru]
Notes:
Scientists at Raman Research Institute (RRI) proposed a mission called PRATUSH to study the Cosmic
Dawn. PRATUSH stands for Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen. It is a
radio telescope to be placed on the far side of the Moon. It is built by Raman Research Institute (RRI)
Bengaluru with collaboration from Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It will use a wideband
antenna (30–250 MHz), a self-calibratable analog receiver, and a digital correlator with 100 kHz
spectral resolution. It will observe large sky regions continuously and record spectra of radio emission.
Its nominal lifetime is two years to collect high-quality data.

8.What is the name of the portal launched by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to strengthen
transparency in the real estate sector?
[A] MyHome Portal
[B] Unified RERA Portal
[C] Real Estate Dashboard
[D] Housing Compliance Portal
Correct Answer: B [Unified RERA Portal]
Notes:
The Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs launched the Unified Real Estate (Regulation and
Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) portal on 5 September 2025 in New Delhi. The launch took place
during the 5th meeting of the Central Advisory Council. The Unified RERA portal aims to strengthen
transparency and accountability in the real estate sector. RERA empowers homebuyers, ensures timely
project delivery, and enforces discipline among developers. States and Union Territories (UTs) were
urged to implement RERA fully to safeguard citizens’ interests. The portal provides a centralized
platform for project registration, grievance redressal, and real-time monitoring of real estate
developments.

9.Acanthamoeba, recently emerging as a public health concern in Kerala, is what kind of organism?
[A] Free-living amoeba
[B] Bacteria
[C] Virus
[D] Fungus
Correct Answer: A [Free-living amoeba]
Notes:
Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, is now a public health concern in Kerala causing eye (keratitis)
and brain infections (amoebic meningoencephalitis). Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba found in
water, soil, dust, swimming pools, hot tubs, and drinking water systems. It can also exist in humidifiers
and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It causes infections in brain, skin, eyes,
and sinuses. It enters through cuts, wounds, inhalation, or contact lens use.

10.International Day of Charity is observed every year on which day?

[A] September 3
[B] September 4
[C] September 5
[D] September 6
Correct Answer: C [September 5]
Notes:
International Day of Charity is observed every year on 5th September. It honors Mother Teresa of
Calcutta, Nobel Peace Prize winner of 1979 for her charitable work. The United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA) declared this day in 2012 to mark her death anniversary. The day spreads awareness
about poverty eradication and global humanitarian efforts. It encourages people to support charities,
join events, and help communities. The observance inspires everyone to carry forward Mother Teresa’s
mission of service and compassion.

11.MY Bharat Aapda Mitras are trained by which institution?

[A] NITI Aayog
[B] National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
[C] State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
[D] Indian Red Cross Society
Correct Answer: B [National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)]
Notes:
Union Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs said MY Bharat Aapda Mitras will assist in flood rescue in
Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. MY Bharat is an autonomous body under the Department of Youth
Affairs, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. It targets youth aged 15-29 years, providing resources,
mentorship, learning opportunities, and industry connections to build Viksit Bharat. Aapda Mitras are
trained by National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) under the Aapda Mitra programme.

12.Wangchu Hydroelectric Project is located in which country?

[A] Nepal
[B] Myanmar
[C] Bangladesh
[D] Bhutan
Correct Answer: D [Bhutan]
Notes:
Adani Power signed a pact with Bhutan’s Druk Green Power to build the 570 MW Wangchu
Hydroelectric Project. Project will follow a BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) model with power
purchase and concession agreements signed. It is a run-of-river project on Wangchu River (Raidāk River
in India) in Chukha District, Bhutan. Construction will start in first half of 2026 and complete within five
years. It will meet Bhutan’s peak winter electricity demand and export surplus power to India in
summer.
13.Vishwamitri River, that was recently seen in news, flows through which state?
[A] Odisha
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Gujarat
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Correct Answer: C [Gujarat]
Notes:
Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC) opened all 62 gates of Ajwa Reservoir to release 6,600 cusecs
of water after heavy rainfall in Vishwamitri River catchment. Vishwamitri River is a 200 km long non-
perennial river in Gujarat. It originates from western and southern slopes of Pavagadh hills in eastern
Gujarat. The river flows west through Vadodara, meets tributaries Dhadar and Jambuva, and drains
into Arabian Sea via Gulf of Khambhat.

14.International Literacy Day (ILD) is observed every year on which day?

[A] September 6
[B] September 7
[C] September 8
[D] September 9
Correct Answer: C [September 8]
Notes:
International Literacy Day (ILD) is observed every year on September 8. Literacy is a basic human right
that supports other rights, freedom, and global citizenship. UNESCO reported that 739 million youth
and adults still lack basic literacy skills in 2024. International Literacy Day (ILD) was declared by UNESCO
in 1966 and first celebrated in 1967. The 2025 theme is “Promoting literacy in the digital era.”
International Literacy Day (ILD) 2025 highlights literacy as a tool for justice, peace, and sustainable
society.

15.Which state government has launched Mukhyamantri Mahila Rozgar Yojana to promote women’s
self-employment and entrepreneurship?
[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Odisha
[C] Bihar
[D] Jharkhand
Correct Answer: C [Bihar]
Notes:
The Bihar government launched Mukhyamantri Mahila Rozgar Yojana to promote women’s self-
employment and entrepreneurship. Chief Minister Nitish Kumar inaugurated the scheme and its
application portal. The scheme aims to make women economically independent, boost family
incomes, and reduce out-migration. Eligible women will get ₹10,000 initial assistance through Direct
Benefit Transfer (DBT) to start small businesses or livelihood activities. If progress is shown, up to ₹2
lakh additional support will be provided after six months, based on performance. The scheme will be
implemented by Bihar Rural Livelihood Promotion Society (Jeevika) under the Rural Development
Department.

16.World Suicide Prevention Day is observed on which day every year?

[A] September 9
[B] September 10
[C] September 11
[D] September 12
Correct Answer: B [September 10]
Notes:
World Suicide Prevention Day is observed on 10th September since 2003 by International Association
for Suicide Prevention (IASP) with World Health Organization (WHO) as co-sponsor. The triennial
theme (2024–2026) is “Changing the Narrative on Suicide” to challenge myths, reduce stigma, and
promote open conversations. Globally, more than 727,000 people die by suicide every year, and suicide
is the 3rd leading cause of death among 15–29 year olds. India launched the first National Suicide
Prevention Strategy in 2022 aiming to cut suicide mortality by 10% by 2030. National programmes
include Tele-MANAS (Tele Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States), DMHP (District
Mental Health Programme), RKSK (Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram), and Manodarpan for
student mental health support.

17.Who has been elected as the 15th Vice President of India in September 2025?
[A] Jagdeep Dhankhar
[B] Justice B Sudershan Reddy
[C] CP Radhakrishnan
[D] Venkaiah Naidu
Correct Answer: C [CP Radhakrishnan]
Notes:
CP Radhakrishnan, National Democratic Alliance (NDA) nominee, was elected as the 15th Vice
President of India on 10th September 2025. He defeated Justice B Sudershan Reddy, the candidate of
the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) bloc. The Vice President’s office was
vacant since July 21 after Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned due to health reasons. Born on 20th October
1957 in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, Radhakrishnan was serving as the Governor of Maharashtra since July
2024. He earlier served as Governor of Jharkhand, with additional charge of Telangana and Puducherry.

18.By using which method did scientists study fossil leaves from Nagaland to understand the
evolution of Indian monsoons?
[A] Radiocarbon Dating
[B] Ice Core Analysis
[C] Dendrochronology
[D] CLAMP (Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program)
Correct Answer: D [CLAMP (Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program)]
Notes:
A study of fossil leaves from Nagaland revealed how Antarctica influenced the Indian Monsoons. Fossil
leaves from the Laisong Formation in Nagaland revealed that the region once had a warm and wet
climate with very high rainfall and temperatures. The fossils matched the period when massive ice
sheets began forming in Antarctica, showing a global connection. Growth of Antarctic ice reshaped
global wind and rainfall patterns by shifting the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) toward the
tropics. This shift brought intense monsoonal rains to Northeast India and led to the evolution of the
monsoon system. The research used CLAMP (Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) method to
analyze fossil leaves. CLAMP treats fossil leaves as “climate fingerprints” to reconstruct past climates.

19.Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced flood relief assistance of ₹1,600 crore for
which State?
[A] Punjab
[B] Himachal Pradesh
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Haryana
Correct Answer: A [Punjab]
Notes:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on September 9, 2025, visited flood-hit Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
He announced ₹1,500 crore for Himachal Pradesh and ₹1,600 crore for Punjab as relief packages. For
Punjab, this is in addition to ₹12,000 crore already available in the disaster management fund. Relief
measures include PM Awas Yojana for rebuilding homes, highway restoration, school rebuilding,
livestock kits, and farmer support. Ex-gratia of ₹2 lakh was announced for the deceased and ₹50,000
for the injured.

20.Where was the Gyan Bharatam International Conference 2025 held?

[A] Bengaluru
[B] Mumbai
[C] Chennai
[D] New Delhi
Correct Answer: D [New Delhi]
Notes:
Union Culture Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat inaugurated the Gyan Bharatam International
Conference in New Delhi on 11 September. Gyan Bharatam is a national initiative for preserving,
digitising, and disseminating India’s manuscript heritage. The mission envisions 25 clusters, 20 regional
centres, and 10 centres of excellence to safeguard manuscripts. The conference brought together
1,100+ participants, including scholars, experts, institutions, and cultural practitioners from India and
abroad.

21.Which state won the Best State Tourism Board Award at the India Travel Awards 2025?
[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Bihar
Correct Answer: A [Madhya Pradesh]
Notes:
Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board (MPTB) won the ‘Best State Tourism Board’ Award at the India Travel
Awards 2025 in New Delhi. The award was presented by Union Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat for
excellence in innovation, sustainable growth, and tourism leadership. Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board
(MPTB) initiatives include eco-tourism circuits, community homestays, adventure tourism, and
hospitality upgrades. The award strengthens Madhya Pradesh’s identity as the “Heart of Incredible
India.”

22.The 44th meeting of the Council of Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the SCO was held
in which country?
[A] Kyrgyzstan
[B] China
[C] Uzbekistan
[D] India
Correct Answer: A [Kyrgyzstan]
Notes:The 44th meeting of the Council of Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was held at Cholpon Ata, Kyrgyzstan. The council strongly condemned
the Pahalgam terror attack. It endorsed the Tianjin Declaration on terror condemnation, signed during
the SCO Council of Heads of State meeting on 1st September 2025, recently attended by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi. The Indian delegation was led by Deputy National Security Adviser (NSA) TV
Ravichandran.

23.INS Aravali, a new shore-based naval facility, was commissioned in which city?
[A] Visakhapatnam
[B] Gurugram
[C] Mumbai
[D] Kochi
Correct Answer: B [Gurugram]
Notes:
INS Aravali, a new shore-based naval facility, was commissioned in Gurugram to boost the Indian
Navy’s information warfare and maritime domain awareness. Strategically located in the National
Capital Region (NCR), it will support Navy’s command and control network. The base reflects Prime
Minister’s vision of MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across
Regions). INS Aravali is named after the Aravali range, symbolising vigilance, endurance, and foresight.
Its crest shows mountains and a rising sun, and its motto is “Maritime Security through Collaboration.”
It consolidates India’s role as the Preferred Security Partner in the Indian Ocean Region.

24.Which is the only State that currently has active Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG)?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Assam
[C] West Bengal
[D] Meghalaya
Correct Answer: A [Rajasthan]
Notes:
Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is planning to raise Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG) along
the India-China border. Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG) already exist on the India-Pakistan border
and act as support to the Army and border forces during emergencies. Seven States are authorised to
have Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG)- Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam, West Bengal, Punjab, Rajasthan,
and Gujarat. At present, only Rajasthan has active Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG).

25.Which Indian state is the host of 8th India International Tea Conference 2025?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Correct Answer: A [Kerala]
Notes:
United Planters Association of Southern India (UPASI) and Tea Board India will host the 8th India
International Tea Conference in Kochi, Kerala, from September 18 to 20, 2025. The theme is
“Innovating the Tea Ecosystem for Tomorrow,” focusing on automation, digitisation, advanced
technologies, and sustainable practices. More than 450 delegates and key decision-makers from more
than 10 tea-producing and consuming countries will participate. The event will feature panel
discussions, technical sessions, an industrial exhibition, and business-to-business networking.
26.Sahyadri Tiger Reserve is located in which state?
[A] Telangana
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Karnataka
[D] Odisha
Correct Answer: B [Maharashtra]
Notes:
Union Environment Ministry approved the capture of eight tigers from Tadoba-Andhari and Pench
reserves for translocation to Sahyadri Tiger Reserve in western Maharashtra. Sahyadri Tiger Reserve
(STR) is the first tiger reserve of western Maharashtra and the fourth in the state. It covers two
protected areas: Koyana Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and Chandoli National Park (CNP). The Shivsagar
reservoir of Koyana River and Vasant Sagar reservoir of Warana River lie in its central part.

27.Zircon is a scramjet-powered hypersonic cruise missile developed by which country?

[A] United States
[B] Russia
[C] Ukraine
[D] India
Correct Answer: B [Russia]
Notes:
Russia recently announced it fired a Zircon (Tsirkon) hypersonic cruise missile at a target in the Barents
Sea. Sukhoi Su-34 supersonic fighter-bombers also carried out strikes as part of drills with Belarus. The
joint exercise, called Zapad (West), began on September 12 to improve military command and
coordination in case of an attack on Russia or Belarus. The 3M22 Zircon, NATO code SS-N-33, is a
scramjet-powered hypersonic cruise missile developed by Russia. It was first built to strike naval targets
but later upgraded for land-attack missions.

28.Where was India’s first bamboo-based ethanol plant inaugurated in September 2025?
[A] Manipur
[B] Assam
[C] Sikkim
[D] Meghalaya
Correct Answer: B [Assam]
Notes:
Recently, the Prime Minister inaugurated India’s first bamboo-based ethanol plant in Golaghat district,
Assam. The Prime Minister also laid the foundation stone for a modern polypropylene plant in the
same district. The bamboo-based bioethanol plant aims to boost industrial growth, green energy,
renewable power, and create opportunities for farmers and youth. A steady supply of bamboo will be
ensured with government support for local farmers in cultivation and procurement. Bamboo,
previously restricted, is now allowed for industrial use, benefiting tribal communities in Northeast
India.

29.Which Indian woman chess player won the FIDE Grand Swiss tournament 2025?
[A] Koneru Humpy
[B] Divya Deshmukh
[C] Harika Dronavalli
[D] Vaishali Rameshbabu
Correct Answer: D [Vaishali Rameshbabu]
Notes:
Vaishali Rameshbabu won the FIDE Grand Swiss Chess tournament for the second time in a row in
Uzbekistan. She secured victory with a final-round draw against former Women’s World Champion Tan
Zhongyi. The 24-year-old Indian Grandmaster finished with 8 points from 11 rounds. With this win, she
gained direct entry into the 2026 Candidates Tournament. Vaishali became the third Indian woman to
qualify for the 2026 Candidates, after Koneru Humpy and Divya Deshmukh. In the previous edition,
India had swept both men’s and women’s titles, with Vidit Gujrathi winning the men’s event.

30.Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), that was recently seen in news, is caused by which
agent?
[A] Bacteria
[B] Virus
[C] Fungus
[D] Protozoa
Correct Answer: B [Virus]
Notes:
A viral infection called Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is spreading rapidly among children in
Delhi and Haryana, prompting advisories. It is a highly contagious illness caused by a virus. It causes
blister-like rashes on hands and feet, painful mouth sores, and sometimes rashes on chest, back, arms,
legs, genitals, and buttocks. It mostly affects infants and children under 5 years, spreading quickly in
schools and daycare. It is different from foot-and-mouth disease in animals, caused by a different virus.
Transmission happens through unwashed hands, saliva, mucus, feces, or blister fluid. No cure or
vaccine exists; recovery usually takes 7–10 days with basic care. Complications are rare, but children
under 2 may take longer to recover.

31.Which organisation has released the report titled “The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline
Rates”?
[A] OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
[B] World Bank
[C] IMF (International Monetary Fund)
[D] IEA (International Energy Agency)
Correct Answer: D [IEA (International Energy Agency)]
Notes:
The International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report on September 16, 2025, titled The Implications
of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates. The report warns that global oil and gas fields are depleting faster,
raising supply and price risks. Nearly 90% of upstream investment is now spent on offsetting natural
declines, not on expanding supply. Without new investment, global oil output could shrink by 5.5
million barrels per day and gas by 270 billion cubic metres annually. India, which imports over 85% of
crude oil and 45% of gas, faces heightened vulnerability. IEA urged India to diversify energy sources,
expand reserves, explore domestically, and promote clean fuels like green hydrogen and biofuels. Long
project timelines of nearly 20 years add further risk to future energy security.

32.Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), that was recently seen in news, is caused by which
agent?
[A] Bacteria
[B] Virus
[C] Fungus
[D] Protozoa
Correct Answer: B [Virus]
Notes:
A viral infection called Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is spreading rapidly among children in
Delhi and Haryana, prompting advisories. It is a highly contagious illness caused by a virus. It causes
blister-like rashes on hands and feet, painful mouth sores, and sometimes rashes on chest, back, arms,
legs, genitals, and buttocks. It mostly affects infants and children under 5 years, spreading quickly in
schools and daycare. It is different from foot-and-mouth disease in animals, caused by a different virus.
Transmission happens through unwashed hands, saliva, mucus, feces, or blister fluid. No cure or
vaccine exists; recovery usually takes 7–10 days with basic care. Complications are rare, but children
under 2 may take longer to recover.

33.Which festival is proposed for inclusion in UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural
Heritage of Humanity?
[A] Chhath Mahaparva
[B] Holi
[C] Diwali
[D] Pongal
Correct Answer: A [Chhath Mahaparva]
Notes:
The Ministry of Culture has started consultations to include Chhath Mahaparva in UNESCO’s
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The meeting was held at Indira
Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), New Delhi, under UNESCO’s 2003 Convention. Diplomats
from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Suriname, and the Netherlands supported the multinational
nomination. UNESCO recognition will help global awareness, documentation, and preservation of
Chhath Mahaparva. The festival is dedicated to Sun God and Goddess Chhathi Maiya, celebrated in
Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and by diaspora worldwide. India currently has 15
cultural elements inscribed in UNESCO’s Representative List.

34.What is the central theme of national conference MANTHAN 2025 inaugurated by Defence
Minister?
[A] Strategic Roadmap to Aatmanirbhar Bharat @2047
[B] Sustainable Infrastructure for Defence
[C] Digital Transformation in Defence Procurement
[D] Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy
Correct Answer: A [Strategic Roadmap to Aatmanirbhar Bharat @2047]
Notes:
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the two-day national conference MANTHAN 2025 in New
Delhi on 18 September. The event is organised by the Directorate General of Defence Estates. Theme
of conference is Strategic Roadmap to Aatmanirbhar Bharat @2047. Focus areas include re-imagining
defence land management, using advanced digital tools, strengthening governance, and ensuring
sustainability. The inaugural session highlighted achievements of the Defence Estates Department in
defence land governance. A strategic roadmap to Viksit Bharat by 2047 was also presented.

35.Yellow-crested cockatoo Bird, that was recently seen in news, is native to which regions?
[A] Malaysia and Thailand
[B] Philippines and Papua New Guinea
[C] Vietnam and Laos
[D] Indonesia and East Timor
Correct Answer: D [Indonesia and East Timor]
Notes:
Critically endangered yellow-crested cockatoos have found refuge in Hong Kong’s urban parks, making
up nearly 10% of the global wild population of just 2,000 mature birds. The species is native to
Indonesia and East Timor. These snow-white birds with yellow crests now face nesting problems as old
trees are lost to typhoons and government trimming. Global threats like illegal pet trade and climate
change also worsen their survival. Conservationists in Hong Kong have begun installing artificial nest
boxes, with one pair already using them. The project aims to expand to 50 boxes, helping the species
survive in the city.

36.A 180-foot bronze Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj statue, named the Statue of Hindubhushan,
was unveiled in which city of Maharashtra?
[A] Kolhapur
[B] Pimpri-Chinchwad
[C] Amravati
[D] Nashik
Correct Answer: B [Pimpri-Chinchwad]
Notes:
A grand tribute was paid to the under-construction Statue of Hindubhushan of Maratha King
Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj. The statue is a 180-foot bronze monument located in Pimpri-
Chinchwad, Maharashtra. On 14 September 2025, it was honoured with the largest-ever Dhol-Tasha
salute. The ceremony highlighted how history is commemorated via monuments and cultural events.
Maharashtra continues to promote its historical legacy and Maratha identity through large-scale
cultural tributes.

37.Papikonda National Park is located in which state?

[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Karnataka
[C] Kerala
[D] Tamil Nadu
Correct Answer: A [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes:
A study documented 51 species of herpetofauna in Papikonda National Park, Eastern Ghats, Andhra
Pradesh. The list includes 18 amphibians, 21 lizards, 10 snakes, and 2 turtles. Three species—
Minervarya kalinga, Sphaerotheca maskeyi, and Hemidactylus kangerensis—were recorded for the
first time in Andhra Pradesh. According to IUCN Red List (2024), 46 species are Least Concern,
Hemidactylus kangerensis is Endangered, Lissemys punctata is Vulnerable, and three are unassessed.
Papikonda National Park is located in East Godavari and West Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh.

38.What is “Iridogorgia chewbacca” that was recently seen in news?

[A] A newly discovered deep-sea coral species
[B] A species of tropical fish in the Pacific Ocean
[C] A fossil of an ancient marine reptile
[D] A type of seaweed found in the Atlantic Ocean
Correct Answer: A [A newly discovered deep-sea coral species]
Notes:
A new deep-sea coral species has been identified as Iridogorgia chewbacca. The species is named after
Chewbacca, the tall, furry Wookiee character from Star Wars. It was discovered in the tropical western
Pacific Ocean and first seen in 2006. The coral has long, curly, shiny branches resembling Chewbacca’s
fur and grows upright alone on the ocean floor. The discovery was made by researchers including Les
Watling, in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The
finding highlights deep ocean biodiversity and was published in Zootaxa.

39.Yuan Wang 5 is a space and missile tracking ship developed by which country?
[A] Japan
[B] United States
[C] China
[D] France
Correct Answer: C [China]
Notes:
China’s spy ship Yuan Wang 5 has returned to the Indian Ocean region near India, three years after
docking at Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Port in August 2022. India is preparing for a hypersonic long-range
anti-ship missile test over the Bay of Bengal (Sept 24–25, 2025), raising New Delhi’s security concerns
over Yuan Wang 5’s presence. It is a satellite and missile tracking vessel of the Chinese People’s
Liberation Army (PLA) Navy with dual-use snooping capability. It validates intercontinental ballistic
missiles (ICBMs) and hypersonic weapons, collecting telemetry data for performance and readiness.
The ship displaces 25,000 tons, is 222 metres long, 25 metres wide, and carries 400 crew members.

40.Project Vijayak is an initiative of which organisation?

[A] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
[B] Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
[C] National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
[D] Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Correct Answer: B [Border Roads Organisation (BRO)]
Notes:
Project Vijayak of Border Roads Organisation (BRO) celebrated its 15th Raising Day at Kargil, Ladakh on
21 September 2025, marking entry into its 16th year. It was launched in 2010 by Border Roads
Organisation (BRO) and named after Operation Vijay to reflect the connection between the battle
theatre and the project area. It has built 1,400 km of roads and 80 major bridges across Ladakh. In
April 2025, it achieved a record by reopening the Zojila Pass in just 31 days after winter closure. The
project has improved operational preparedness of Armed Forces and connectivity for Ladakh’s people.

41.Which Indian agency represented India at the Asian Regional Conference 2025 of Interpol?
[A] National Investigation Agency (NIA)
[B] Intelligence Bureau (IB)
[C] Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
[D] Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)
Correct Answer: C [Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)]
Notes:
India was elected as a member of the Interpol Asian Committee during the 25th Asian Regional
Conference in Singapore. The election followed a multi-stage voting process and aims to strengthen
regional cooperation on organised crime, cybercrime, human trafficking, terrorism, and drug
trafficking. The committee meets annually to discuss regional security issues and guide coordinated
actions among member countries. India was represented by a delegation from the Central Bureau of
Investigation (CBI), the national central bureau for Interpol matters. The committee advises the Asian
Regional Conference, identifies regional strategic priorities, and facilitates police cooperation.
42.Which West African nations announced their withdrawal from the International Criminal Court
(ICC) in September 2025?
[A] Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger
[B] Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal
[C] Chad, Cameroon, and Ivory Coast
[D] Mali, Senegal, and Togo
Correct Answer: A [Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger]
Notes:
Recently, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger announced withdrawal from the International Criminal Court
(ICC), calling it a neo-colonial tool. International Criminal Court (ICC) was created by the Rome Statute
in 1998, which entered into force on 1 July 2002. It is the only permanent international criminal
tribunal in the world. The Court has 125 member countries, but China, India, Israel, Russia, and the
United States are not parties. ICC is funded by State Parties’ contributions and voluntary donations
from governments, organizations, and entities.

43.Recently, a Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) was recorded for the first time at which Tiger
Reserve in Rajasthan?
[A] Sariska Tiger Reserve
[B] Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
[C] Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve
[D] Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve
Correct Answer: D [Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve]
Notes:
A Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) was recorded for the first time inside Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger
Reserve (RVTR), Rajasthan. The sighting was captured during routine tiger monitoring using camera
traps in Ramgarh Range, Bundi. Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve (RVTR) previously hosted four small
cat species: Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Rusty-spotted Cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus), Asiatic Wildcat (Felis
lybica ornata), and Caracal (Caracal caracal). With the Fishing Cat, the reserve now supports five small
cat species, enhancing its carnivore diversity. Fishing Cat is listed as Vulnerable on the International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and prefers wetlands.

44.System for Pension Administration – Raksha (SPARSH) is an initiative of which ministry?

[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Defence
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
Correct Answer: B [Ministry of Defence]
Notes:
System for Pension Administration – Raksha (SPARSH) resolved 5.60 lakh out of 6.43 lakh legacy
defence pension cases (87%). Average grievance disposal time reduced from 56 days in April 2025 to
20 days now. 31.54 lakh defence pensioners in India and Nepal are onboarded on SPARSH. System for
Pension Administration – Raksha (SPARSH) is an initiative of the Ministry of Defence (MoD),
Government of India. It is administered by the Defence Accounts Department (DAD). SPARSH is world’s
largest defence pension system with 202 DAD offices, 4.63 lakh Common Service Centers, 5,200+ bank
branches as service centers.
45.What is the name of European Union’s first exascale supercomputer, inaugurated in September
2025?
[A] TITAN
[B] JUPITER
[C] FUGAKU
[D] PARAM-Siddhi
Correct Answer: B [JUPITER]
Notes:
In September 2025, Europe’s first exascale supercomputer, JUPITER, was launched in Germany.
JUPITER is the first European system to achieve the exascale threshold, performing over one quintillion
operations per second. It is currently Europe’s most powerful supercomputer. JUPITER runs entirely on
renewable energy, marking a milestone in sustainable high-performance computing. JUPITER will
support cutting-edge research in areas like climate modeling, weather forecasting, and the
development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions.

46.Which institution has launched the report titled “Solar PV Potential Assessment of India (Ground-
Mounted)”?
[A] National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE)
[B] Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI)
[C] Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)
[D] NITI Aayog
Correct Answer: A [National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE)]
Notes:
The ‘Solar PV Potential Assessment of India (Ground-Mounted)’ report was launched by the National
Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) under the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE). The report
provides a policy-linked, investment-ready framework to guide project siting, infrastructure
development, and private sector participation in solar energy. India has crossed 250 GW of non-fossil
fuel installed capacity and aims for 500 GW by 2030, energy independence by 2047, and net-zero
emissions by 2070. It provides a policy-linked, investment-ready framework for project siting,
infrastructure, and private sector participation.

47.Where was the Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Science City inaugurated in Bihar?
[A] Muzaffarpur
[B] Patna
[C] Gaya
[D] Bhagalpur
Correct Answer: B [Patna]
Notes:
Chief Minister Nitish Kumar inaugurated Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Science City at Rajendra Nagar in Patna.
The Science City is spread over 21 acres and developed as a modern hub of science and innovation. It
features five science-based galleries, 269 science exhibition models, an auditorium, and a 4D theater.
It has been built by Bihar’s Department of Science, Technology, and Technical Education. The project
cost is 889 crore rupees and it was completed in five years.

48.Which ministry has released the the 4th issue of Children in India 2025 report?
[A] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[B] Ministry of Education
[C] Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
[D] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Correct Answer: C [Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]
Notes:
Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the 4th issue of
Children in India 2025 Report at the 29th Conference of Central and State Statistical Organizations
(CoCSSO) in Chandigarh on 25th September 2025. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) declined from 44 in 2011
to 25 in 2023, with male IMR at 26 and female at 25. Under-five mortality rate improved to 29 in 2023,
lower in urban areas (20) than rural (33). Birth rate in 2023 declined to 18.4 per 1,000 population, with
higher rural rate (20.3) than urban (14.9). Gender Parity Index (GPI) in education achieved parity
nationally, highest at secondary level with 1.1. Adoptions increased from 3,927 in 2017-18 to 4,515 in
2024-25, with more female children adopted than male.

49.According to Environmental Accounting on forest 2025 report, which state showed the highest
rise in Recorded Forest Area (RFA) share?
[A] Chhattisgarh
[B] Odisha
[C] Jharkhand
[D] Uttarakhand
Correct Answer: D [Uttarakhand]
Notes:
Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the
Environmental Accounting on Forest 2025 Report on 25th September 2025 during the 29th Conference
of Central and State Statistical Organizations (CoCSSO) in Chandigarh. From 2010-11 to 2021-22, forest
cover increased by 17,444.61 sq. km, reaching 7.15 lakh sq. km (21.76% of India’s area). Major gains
were recorded in Kerala with 4,137 sq. km, Karnataka with 3,122 sq. km and Tamil Nadu with 2,606 sq.
km. Between 2013 and 2023, forest extent increased by 3,356 sq. km mainly due to reclassification
and boundary adjustments. The highest rise in Recorded Forest Area share was in Uttarakhand with
6.3%, Odisha with 1.97% and Jharkhand with 1.9%. Provisioning services value grew from ₹30.72 to
₹37.93 thousand crore between 2011-12 and 2021-22 which is about 0.16% of GDP.

50.Bidar district of Karnataka won the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Award under which campaign?
[A] Namami Gange
[B] Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain
[C] Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
[D] National Aquifer Mapping and Management (NAQUIM) Programme
Correct Answer: B [Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain]
Notes:
Bidar district (Karnataka) won the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB) Award under the Jal Shakti Abhiyan:
Catch the Rain campaign. Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB) initiative was launched in 2024 by the
Ministry of Jal Shakti. The initiative aims to enhance water recharge through rainwater harvesting,
aquifer recharge, borewell recharge, and recharge shafts. The objective is to conserve every drop of
water using a whole-of-society and whole-of-government approach.