RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
Third Internal Assessment Test
Subject: Indian Knowledge System
Subject-code: BIKS609
Semester: 6
Name of the Faculty: Prof. Ramya R
Academic Year: 2024-25[EVEN Semester]
Q.N Scheme & Solutions Mar
O ks
Who was Aryabhata, and what were his contributions to the field of mathematics? 10M
1a.
Aryabhata was one of the greatest mathematicians and astronomers of ancient India. He lived during
the classical age of Indian mathematics, and his contributions, particularly in the field of mathematics and astronomy,
have had a lasting influence. Aryabhata's work laid the foundation for many advanced mathematical concepts that 2M
continue to be important even today.
1. Contributions to Mathematics Place Value System and Zero:
Aryabhata used a place-value system in his computations, which is crucial in the development of modern
arithmetic. Though the concept of zero as a digit was more fully developed later, Aryabhata's work was
instrumental in the evolution of these concepts. He understood the use of positional numeral systems, which 2M
was ahead of its time.
2. Preservation of Traditional Crafts Cultural Continuity:
Festivals and local fairs serve as platforms for passing down traditional knowledge of craftsmanship from one
generation to the next. Many craftsmen participate in these events as a means of preserving their ancestral 2M
techniques.
3. Cultural Significance and Awareness Celebrating Diversity: India’s festivals and fairs are reflective of its rich
cultural diversity. Each region showcases its distinct craft traditions at these events.
4. Promotion of Handicrafts as an Art Form Elevating Craftsmanship: Many fairs and festivals are focused on 2M
presenting handicrafts not just as utilitarian items but as art forms.
5. Facilitating Networking and Collaboration Connecting Artisans with Designers and Businesses: Festivals
often provide opportunities for artisans to network with designers, manufacturers, and entrepreneurs.
6. Preservation of Intangible Heritage Reviving Vanishing Crafts: Some crafts are at risk of disappearing due to
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changing lifestyles, industrialization, and declining interest among younger generations.
How do festivals and local fairs contribute to the promotion of Indian crafts? 10M
1b.
India, often referred to as the land of festivals, is a country where traditions, cultures, and religions intermingle to
form a rich and diverse heritage. The role of fairs and festivals in maintaining India’s cultural diversity is significant,
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
as these events serve as platforms for social cohesion, interfaith harmony, and the preservation of regional customs.
From religious festivals like Diwali and Eid to cultural fairs like the Pushkar Mela and Hornbill Festival, India’s 5M
celebratory landscape is vast and dynamic. This article explores how fairs and festivals contribute to the sustenance
and enrichment of India’s cultural diversity.
India’s diverse geography and ethnic groups have led to the evolution of region-specific fairs that showcase traditional
crafts, performing arts, and local customs.
1. Festivals and fairs are not just cultural spectacles; they also serve as economic catalysts and social connectors.
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⮚ Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer: Families celebrate festivals together, ensuring the transmission of
rituals and stories from elders to younger generations.
⮚ Community Participation: Local communities actively engage in organizing fairs, fostering a spirit of
collective identity and pride.
What has been the effect of the Make in India initiative on the export and import trends of
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2a. engineering goods and technological products?
Introduction Launched in 2014, the Make in India initiative aimed to transform India into a global manufacturing
hub by encouraging both domestic and foreign companies to manufacture their products within the country. This
initiative, led by the Government of India, sought to boost the country's industrial output, create jobs, enhance
technology, and reduce dependency on imports. The engineering and technological sectors, in particular, have been
significantly impacted by this initiative. This essay explores the effects of Make in India on the export and import
trends of engineering goods and technological products. 3M
The Make in India initiative aimed to increase the manufacturing sector's contribution to India's GDP,
especially in engineering goods, which form a significant portion of India's export basket. As a result of this
initiative, many companies set up manufacturing facilities in India or expanded their existing ones. This led
to a surge in the production of engineering products such as machinery, automobiles, electrical equipment,
and components for the aerospace and defense sectors. The increased domestic production translated into
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higher export volumes, contributing to a growth in India's engineering goods exports.
For instance, India's exports of engineering goods saw a steady rise between 2014 and 2020, with
significant increases in the export of automobile parts, machinery, and electrical appliances. According to
data from the Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC), engineering exports rose from around $65
billion in 2014 to approximately $80 billion in 2019, reflecting the positive impact of the Make in India
initiative.
1. Boost to Domestic Manufacturing and Export of Engineering Goods.
2. Reduction in Import Dependency in Engineering Goods.10 4M
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
3. Impact on Technological Product Manufacturing and Exports.
4. Rise in Technology and Innovation through Foreign Investments.
5. Challenges and Ongoing Efforts.
Evaluate the importance of resilient infrastructure in enhancing disaster preparedness and
response. 10M
2b. Resilient infrastructure refers to physical structures, systems, and networks that are designed and built to withstand
and recover from the impacts of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and cyclones, as well as
human-made crises. In recent years, with the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters driven by climate change,
the importance of resilient infrastructure has become a critical aspect of disaster preparedness and response. This essay
evaluates how resilient infrastructure plays a pivotal role in enhancing the capacity to manage disasters and safeguard 3M
communities.
1. Reducing Vulnerability and Protecting Lives.
2. Enhancing the Speed and Efficiency of Disaster Response.
3. Promoting Long-Term Recovery and Reconstruction.
4. Supporting Climate Adaptation and Mitigation.
5. Building Community Confidence and Trust.
6. Facilitating Better Disaster Preparedness and Early Warning Systems.
7. Challenges and Considerations in Building Resilient Infrastructure. 4M
While the benefits of resilient infrastructure are clear, there are challenges in its implementation, including:
High Initial Costs:
∙ Building resilient infrastructure often requires significant upfront investment, which can be a deterrent for many
governments and businesses, especially in developing countries with limited resources. However, the long-term
economic benefits in terms of disaster risk reduction and recovery can outweigh these initial costs. Political and
Institutional Coordination:
∙ Effective disaster resilience requires coordination across various levels of government, the private sector, and civil
society. Ensuring that infrastructure development meets resilience standards requires strong governance and planning, 3M
which can be difficult in regions with political instability or weak institutional capacity.
How does inclusive urban design contribute to sustainable development in cities? 10M
3a. In an era of unprecedented fast urbanization and increasing inequality, the role of urban planning has
become crucial in cities aiming at promoting sustainable development. This article delves into the linkages
between urban planning and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasising the
importance of localising these goals into a comprehensive participatory planning cycle to ensure inclusive
urbanisation and local sustainable development.
Planning is a process of ordering coherently different natural and built elements for various activities in cities and
towns to create environmentally responsive, economically feasible, and socially inclusive places for communities.
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
Urban design elements could include buildings, street networks, and walkways, trees, parks and gardens, green roofs,
water, natural areas, and food production spaces. These elements are integrated functionally within different land uses, 5M
such as residential, commercial, retail, institutional, open spaces, transportation, and mixed uses to perform multiple
activities coherently. Applications of sustainable urban design and planning practices generate liveable places for
people in synergy with nature; improved renewable energy use and reduced water consumption. Also, reduction in air
pollution, urban heat island effects and carbon emissions, and local food production opportunities provide better public
health, sustainable lifestyles for households, and develop resilient communities. Harnessing the benefits of sustainable
technologies depend significantly on how these components are weaved within the fabrics of existing and new built
environments considering comprehensively spatial scale, context, access, relevance, interactions, and planning policy
measures. Effectiveness of climate-responsive architectural design strategies in different climates.
5M
What are the objectives of the town planning.
Town planning, also known as urban planning, is a comprehensive process aimed at shaping the 10M
3b.
physical, social, and economic aspects of urban areas to ensure sustainable and harmonious development.
The primary objectives of town planning encompass:
1. Aesthetic Appeal (Beauty) Objective:
To create visually pleasing urban environments that enhance the quality of life. Implementation:
Incorporating green spaces, preserving natural features, and ensuring architectural harmony.
Example: The development of New Town, Kolkata, transformed from marshlands to a modern city
with well-planned infrastructure and green spaces, reflecting aesthetic urban design .
2. Convenience and Accessibility
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Objective:
To provide residents with easy access to essential services and amenities.
3. Environmental Sustainability
Objective: To balance urban development with environmental conservation.
4. Public Health and Safety
Objective: To create healthy living conditions and ensure the safety of residents.
5. Economic Development
Objective: To foster economic growth and employment opportunities.
6. Social Equity and Inclusivity
Objective: To ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities for all residents.
5M
Discuss the evolution of Indian Architecture from ancient times to modern times.
Indian architecture is a rich tapestry woven over millennia, reflecting the country's diverse cultural, 10M
4a.
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
religious, and technological developments. This evolution can be broadly categorized into several periods,
each marked by distinct architectural styles and innovations.
1. Ancient Architecture (Indus Valley to Gupta Period) Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE):
The earliest known urban planning in India, characterized by well-planned cities like Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro. These cities featured grid layouts, advanced drainage systems, and standardized baked 2M
brick structures, indicating a high level of urban sophistication.
2. Medieval Architecture (7th–17th Centuries) Early Medieval Period: Dynasties like the Chalukyas,
Rashtrakutas, and Pallavas contributed to temple architecture in the south. The Shore Temple at
Mahabalipuram is an excellent example of Pallava craftsmanship, transitioning from rock-cut to 2M
structural temples.
3. Mughal Architecture (16th–19th Centuries) The Mughal era marked a significant phase in Indian
architecture, characterized by the fusion of Persian, Timurid, and Indian styles. This period produced
some of the most iconic structures in Indian history. 2M
4. Colonial Architecture (17th–20th Centuries) British colonial rule introduced European architectural
styles into India, leading to the development of Indo-Saracenic architecture.
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5. Post-Independence and Modern Architecture (20th Century–Present) After gaining independence in
1947, India embarked on a journey to develop a modern architectural identity that balanced tradition
with contemporary needs.
The late 20th and early 21st centuries have seen the rise of skyscrapers, smart cities, and sustainable 2M
architecture. The integration of traditional elements with modern technology is evident in structures
like the Lotus Temple in Delhi and the Amaya Himalayan resort near Darwa village, crafted by Studio
Mumbai's Bijoy Jain using vernacular techniques and no cement, exemplifying the fusion of traditional
craftsmanship with modern sustainability
What are the key components of a strong primary healthcare system.
A robust primary healthcare (PHC) system is the cornerstone of an equitable and effective health 10M
4b.
system. It ensures that essential health services are accessible, affordable, and of high quality for all
individuals, particularly in underserved communities.
The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies several key components that constitute a strong PHC
system:
1. Comprehensive Integrated Health Services:
A strong PHC system provides a wide range of health services that meet the majority of an
individual's health needs throughout their life. These services encompass Health promotion:
Educating communities about healthy lifestyles and behaviors. Disease prevention: Implementing
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
vaccination programs and screening for diseases. Treatment: Providing care for common illnesses 2M
and injuries.
∙ Rehabilitation: Assisting individuals in recovering from illnesses or injuries
.∙ Palliative care: Offering support for individuals with chronic or terminal conditions.
∙ These services should be integrated and delivered in a coordinated manner to ensure continuity of
care.
2. Equitable Access to Services Ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic
status, geographic location, or other factors, have equal access to quality health services is
fundamental. This involves addressing barriers such as cost, distance, and availability of services.
3. Community Participation Engaging communities in the planning, implementation, and evaluation
of health services ensures that these services are responsive to the specific needs and preferences of
the population.
4. Multi sectoral Policy and Action Health outcomes are influenced by factors beyond the health
sector, including education, housing, nutrition, and environmental conditions.
5. Appropriate Technology The use of technology in PHC should be context-appropriate, affordable,
and sustainable. 4M
6. Strong Health Workforce A well-trained, adequately staffed, and motivated health workforce is
crucial for delivering quality PHC services.
7. Quality Health Services Ensuring that health services are of high quality involves implementing
standards for care, regular monitoring and evaluation, and fostering a culture of continuous
improvement.
8. Sustainable Financing Adequate and sustainable financing is essential for the functioning of a
strong PHC system. This includes public funding, efficient allocation of resources, and mechanisms
to protect individuals from financial hardship due to health expenditures.
Discuss the benefits and limitations of using genetically modified (GM) crops in addressing
food security? 4M
Limitations and Concerns Associated with GM Crops
5a.
1. Environmental Risks o The cultivation of GM crops may lead to unintended ecological consequences,
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such as the development of herbicide-resistant "superweeds" and potential crossbreeding with wild
relatives, which could affect biodiversity. Ablison
2. Health and Safety Concerns o While GM crops undergo rigorous testing, there are ongoing debates about
their long-term health effects. Concerns include potential allergenicity and the transfer of antibiotic
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
resistance markers.
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3. Economic and Ethical Issues o The dominance of a few multinational corporations in the GM seed
market can lead to monopolistic practices, potentially increasing seed costs for farmers and limiting access,
especially for small-scale and resource-poor farmers.
4. Cultural and Societal Resistance o In some regions, there is significant public resistance to GM crops due
to cultural beliefs, ethical considerations, and mistrust of biotechnology. For example, Green peace's
opposition to the commercial cultivation of Golden Rice in the Philippines highlights such societal
concerns.
Mention the major challenges in Indian public administration today? Suggest measures to
5b. 5M
address them.
Major Challenges in Indian Public Administration Indian public administration faces several systemic
challenges that hinder effective governance and service delivery. Addressing these issues requires 10M
comprehensive reforms and strategic interventions.
1. Bureaucratic Rigidity and Colonial Legacy Challenges: The Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
and other civil services were modeled on the British system, emphasizing hierarchy and control
over innovation and problem-solving.
2. Lack of Performance-Based Accountability Challenges: Promotions and appraisals are often based
on tenure rather than efficiency.
The absence of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) leads to inefficiency and complacency.
3. Corruption and Political Interference Challenges:
● Frequent political interference compromises independent decision-making.
● Bureaucrats often face pressure to align with political interests rather than prioritizing
public welfare.
● India scores 39/100 in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index.
4. Outdated Training and Capacity Building Challenges: Training modules for civil servants are
outdated and fail to address contemporary governance challenges. 6M
5. Inefficient Use of Technology Challenges:
Challenges: Despite initiatives like Digital India, bureaucratic processes still rely on manual
procedures. Adoption of tools like AI, data analytics, and automation remains slow.
6. Poor Infrastructure and Service Delivery Challenges:
India suffers from a significant infrastructure deficit, especially in rural and remote areas. The
availability and quality of public services are often inadequate, affecting economic growth and
social development. 4M
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
Faculty Signature HOD
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Scheme and Solution CIE-3
RajaRajeswari College of Engineering
An Autonomous institution under VTU
Department of Computer Science
&Engineering
Scheme and Solution
RajaRajeswariCollegeofEngineering
(AnAutonomousinstitution,ApprovedbyAICTE,NewDelhi,Govt.ofKarnataka,AffiliatedtoVisves
varayaTechnologicalUniversity,Belagavi)
Sponsoredby:MOOGAMBIGAICHARITABLEANDEDUCATIONALTR
UST
DepartmentofComputerScience&Enginee
Campus:#14,RamohalliCross,Kumbalgodu,MysoreRoad,Bengaluru–560074
Phone:+91-80-28437124/28437375 Website:https://www.rrce.org
RajaRajeswariCollegeofEngineering
(AnAutonomousinstitution,ApprovedbyAICTE,NewDelhi,Govt.ofKarnataka,AffiliatedtoVisves
varayaTechnologicalUniversity,Belagavi)
Sponsoredby:MOOGAMBIGAICHARITABLEANDEDUCATIONALTR
UST
DepartmentofComputerScience&Enginee
Campus:#14,RamohalliCross,Kumbalgodu,MysoreRoad,Bengaluru–560074
Phone:+91-80-28437124/28437375 Website:https://www.rrce.org
RajaRajeswariCollegeofEngineering
(AnAutonomousinstitution,ApprovedbyAICTE,NewDelhi,Govt.ofKarnataka,AffiliatedtoVisves
varayaTechnologicalUniversity,Belagavi)
Sponsoredby:MOOGAMBIGAICHARITABLEANDEDUCATIONALTR
UST
DepartmentofComputerScience&Enginee
Campus:#14,RamohalliCross,Kumbalgodu,MysoreRoad,Bengaluru–560074
Phone:+91-80-28437124/28437375 Website:https://www.rrce.org
RajaRajeswariCollegeofEngineering
(AnAutonomousinstitution,ApprovedbyAICTE,NewDelhi,Govt.ofKarnataka,AffiliatedtoVisves
varayaTechnologicalUniversity,Belagavi)
Sponsoredby:MOOGAMBIGAICHARITABLEANDEDUCATIONALTR
UST
DepartmentofComputerScience&Enginee
10M
5b.
Campus:#14,RamohalliCross,Kumbalgodu,MysoreRoad,Bengaluru–560074
Phone:+91-80-28437124/28437375 Website:https://www.rrce.org
