UNIVERSITY OF CHAKWAL
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
& INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(Operating System)
Lab Manual for Operating Systems
Lab-03
Windows Operating Systems
Lab 3: Windows Operating System
1. Introduction
In this lab you are learn about windows operating systems, what is operating system, some basic step to installs the
operating system, multitasking in operating system, concept of system variable in operating system and also discuss
about what is dos shell and its some basic command.
2. Objective of the experiment
• To get basic understanding File explorer
• To get understanding of Multitasking
3. Concept Map
3.1. Usage of Windows Explorer
How do i use Windows explorer to manage my files and folders?
Windows Explorer is the file management application in Windows. Windows Explorer can be used to navigate your
hard drive and display the contents of the folders and subfolders you use to organize your files on your hard drive.
Windows Explorer is automatically launched any time you open a folder in Windows 10.
Figure 1: File Explorer
You may already have some shortcuts on your desktop that point to locations on your hard drive you will frequently
use with Windows Explorer, such as My Computer and My Documents.
The Windows Explorer interface has several parts:
Figure 2: Drives shown in File Explorer
3.2. Checking and setting properties of files and folders
You can view security permissions for files and folders by completing the following steps:
In Windows Explorer, right-click the file or folder you want to work with.
From the pop-up menu, select Properties, and then in the Properties dialog box click the Security
tab.
.
Figure 3: File/Folder Properties
3.3. Introduction to file systems FAT and NTFS
NTFS (New Technology File System) and FAT (File Allocation Table) are two types of file
systems used by operating systems to store, organize, and manage files on storage devices such as
hard drives or USB drives. Here’s a clear comparison between the two:
Full Forms and Background
FAT (File Allocation Table):
Developed by Microsoft in the late 1970s, FAT was originally designed for small storage devices and
Early DOS systems. Common versions include FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32.
NTFS (New Technology File System):
Introduced by Microsoft in 1993 with Windows NT, NTFS is a modern file system designed for larger
storage, better security, and reliability.
4. Usage
FAT32:
Best for USB drives, memory cards, and devices that need compatibility across different
operating systems
NTFS:
Preferred for Windows system drives, internal HDDs, and SSDs where performance,
security, and reliability are important.
Figure 4: File system
3.4. Concept of Disk partitions and their formatting
Disk Management is a 100% free partition management tool which is offered by Microsoft. All users can
apply this method to partition Windows 10 free. Do remember to backup important data before you do
any operation to your Windows 10 partition or hard disk drive:
Search "hard disk partitions" at the Start Menu or Search tool. Enter into the Windows 10 Disk
Management interface.
Right click hard disk and select "Shrink Volume"
Figure 5: Disk Partition
Enter the amount of space you want to shrink in MB as shown below then click on the Shrink
button.
Right click on the unallocated space and select “New Simple Volume”.
Figure 6: New Simple Volume
Enter New Simple Volume Wizard interface by clicking next and specify volume size.
Figure 7: Assigning Partition Space
Assign Drive Letter or Path, then format the partition into default file system NTFS. Click Finish to
complete creating a new partition in Windows 10.
Figure 8: Click Finish to complete creating a new partition in Windows 10
Here the follow is all what you’ve done:
Figure 9: New Drive Created
You can create more partitions by following the above steps and manage those partitions to store and keep
your personal files and folders, and organize your Windows 10 laptop or PC smoothly and efficiently.
3.5. Disk Formatting
You can see the drives in My Computer. To format laptop hard drive in Windows 10, here you can
open My Computer (This PC), select the drive you want to format, right click it, and then,
click Format at the pop out menu.
Figure 10: Step 1
Then, set the specific format operations in the next screenshot and tick the box Quick Format.
Click Start.
Figure 11: Step 2
It will pop out a dialog box to remind you that the format will delete all data on the drive, thus, if
there is some important data on the drive, backup them before formatting.
Figure 12: Step 3
3.6. Network and Internet Settings
There are two easy ways to access the Networks & Internet tab. You can access it through the Settings menu (Start >
Settings > Network & Internet), or you can access it by clicking the network icon in the system tray and
clicking Network settings. The Network & Internet tab has a few different sections, depending on your machine
Figure 13: Settings
The Status section of the Network & Internet tab shows your current connection status -- whether you're connected to
the Internet, and through which network. From this screen, you can View your network properties to see your IP
address.
3.6.1. Wi-Fi
Figure 14: Network Properties
At the top of the Wi-Fi section, there's a toggle that lets you turn your Wi-Fi on or off. There are multiple ways to turn
Wi-Fi on and off (from the Action Center, for example), but it's helpful that Microsoft has included this toggle here.
The Wi-Fi section is similar to other network-based sections -- it shows the network you're currently connected to, as
well as other networks in the area. From the Wi-Fi section, however, you can also click Manage Wi-Fi settings, which
will let you configure the controversial Wi-Fi Sense feature (though this feature will no longer be active after the
Windows 10 Anniversary Update).
3.6.2. Airplane mode
Figure 15: Network Properties
The Airplane mode section will only appear if you're using a computer (or tablet) with built-in wireless network
radios, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. This section has a simple toggle for Airplane mode, which turns off all wireless
communication, as well as specific toggles for the different radios (in my case, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, but some
tablets will also show cellular data). Fun fact:
3.6.3. Data usage
Figure 16: Network Properties
The Data usage section shows a breakdown of your data usage from the last 30 days (how much data you've used
from each source) in the form of a donut graph. This section is mostly useful for tablet users who get their data from
multiple sources, including Wi-Fi and cellular networks -- as you can see, I'm using a wired Ethernet connection, so
this graph doesn't tell me much. For more details on which apps are using data, click Usage details under each
source.
3.6.4. VPN
Figure 17: Network Properties
Here you can add a VPN by clicking Add a VPN connection. You'll be able to designate VPN provider, connection
name, server name/address and sign-in information. You can also toggle some VPN Advanced Options -- choose
whether to allow VPN connections to run over metered networks, or to run while you're roaming (i.e. using cellular
data).
3.6.5. Dial-up
Figure 18: Network Properties
The Dial-up section is, oddly, the only network section that appears even if you don't have a viable dial-up connection.
The Wi-Fi section doesn't appear on computers without Wi-Fi, while the Ethernet section doesn't appear on computers
without an Ethernet jack, but the Dial-up section appears on both.
3.6.6. Ethernet
Figure 19: Network Properties
The Ethernet section appears if you're connected to a network via Ethernet, and is similar to the Wi-Fi section. Here,
you'll see the network you're connected to -- click on it, and you'll be able to see the network's properties (IPv4 address,
physical address, and so on) as well as the option to make your PC discoverable to other PCs on the same network.
3.6.7. Proxy
Figure 20: Network Properties
The Windows 10 Proxy section is exactly like Windows 8's Proxy section, which you can get to by going to PC
Settings > Network > Proxy. Here, you can use an automatic proxy or you can manually set up your proxy by entering
in the IP address (domain name) and port of your proxy server. Using a proxy server lets you do a variety of things,
such as hiding your IP address or accessing websites that aren't available in your country.
4. Homework before Lab
You must solve the following problems at home before the lab
Task 1:
How to perform disk shrinking procedure?
4.1. Task 1:
Difference between NTFS and FAT?
5. Procedure& Tools
5.1. Tools
Windows Operating System
6. Walkthrough Task
This section defines the tasks with examples to better understand the concepts and experiments we are going to
perform in this lab.
6.1. Printer settings:
6.1.1. On the Start menu, click Control Panel.
Figure 21: Control Panel
The Control Panel window appears.
6.1.2. Click on “Hardware and Sound".
Figure 22: Hardware and Sound
6.1.3. Click on Device and Printer
Figure 23: Printer
6.1.4. Click the icon of the printer you want to use, and then click [Printing Preferences]
If using Windows 7, right-click the icon of the printer you want to use, and then click [Printing preferences]. The
[Printing Preferences] dialog box appears.
6.1.5. Make the necessary settings, and then click [OK].
The setting is temporarily registered as [Unregistered] in the [One Click Preset List:] area.
7. Web Browser settings
Open any web browser you want to use e.g. Google Chrome -> Go to settings
Figure 24: Browser Setting
HOME TASK
